David Ben-Gurion - Knowledge

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If there is no resistance, a garrison should be stationed in the village ... The garrison commander should expropriate all weapons, radio receivers and vehicles. All political suspects should be arrested. After consulting the appropriate political authorities, appoint local institutions for administering the village internal affairs. The text clarified unequivocally that expulsion concerned only those villages that would fight against the Hagana and resist occupation, and not all Arab hamlets. Similar guidelines related to the occupation of Arab neighborhoods in mixed towns. In his article written in 1961, Khalidi and those who followed in his footsteps presented the guideline instructing the Hagana units to expel the Arab villagers as the principal issue of Plan D. Furthermore, they have distorted its meaning by portraying it as a general order embracing all Arabs in all villages. The text, however, is clear enough: reading Plan D as it is, without deconstructing it to change its meaning, show that there is no correlation between the actual text, and the significance, background and outcomes that the Palestinian scholars and their Israeli colleagues assign it. These paragraphs of Plan D were of marginal significance, and their contribution to shaping a policy towards the Arab population was immaterial. Arab policies were decided either locally, by commanders in the field and their local advisors on Arab affairs, or by the Arabists within Ben- Gurion's inner circle of advisors who advised their superiors. Ber, Pasternak and even Yadin did not pretend to be authorities on Arab affairs or any other issues of high policy. Their concerns were just military, and the scheme's purpose was preparing for the Arab invasion, not expelling the Palestinians.

1520: 4356:(Ben Gurion) He also did not flinch from provoking the United Nations by breaking the truce agreement. But the limit of his fearlessness was a clash with a Western power. Vainly, the right and Mapam accused him of defeatism. He did not flinch from confronting them but chose to maintain good relations with the United States, which he perceived as a potential ally of the new state, and also not to provoke the British lion, even though its fangs had been drawn. At the end of the war, when Yigal Allon, who represented the younger generation of commanders that had grown up in the war, demanded the conquest of the West Bank up to the Jordan River as the natural, defensible border of the state, Ben-Gurion refused. He recognized that the IDF was militarily strong enough to carry out the conquest, but he believed that the young state should not bite off more than it had already chewed. There was a limit to what the world was prepared to accept. Furthermore, the armistice borders—which later became known as the Green Line—were better than those he had dreamed of at the beginning of the war. In Ben-Gurion's opinion, in terms of territory Israel was satisfied. It was time to send the troops home and start work on building the new nation. 1403: 1787: 935:

in Poland of comparable size. We emigrated not for negative reasons of escape but for the positive purpose of rebuilding a homeland ... Life in Płońsk was peaceful enough. There were three main communities: Russians, Jews and Poles. ... The number of Jews and Poles in the city were roughly equal, about five thousand each. The Jews, however, formed a compact, centralized group occupying the innermost districts whilst the Poles were more scattered, living in outlying areas and shading off into the peasantry. Consequently, when a gang of Jewish boys met a Polish gang the latter would almost inevitably represent a single suburb and thus be poorer in fighting potential than the Jews who even if their numbers were initially fewer could quickly call on reinforcements from the entire quarter. Far from being afraid of them, they were rather afraid of us. In general, however, relations were amicable, though distant.

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intrigue, which has its roots abroad. Our hatred is very strong. There is no sense in talking about peace with Israel. There is not even the smallest place for negotiations." Less than two weeks later, on October 25, Egypt signed a tripartite agreement with Syria and Jordan placing Nasser in command of all three armies. The continued blockade of the Suez Canal and Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli shipping, combined with the increased fedayeen attacks and the bellicosity of recent Arab statements, prompted Israel, with the backing of Britain and France, to attack Egypt on October 29, 1956.

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Israeli war plan was the elimination of the terrorist bases in the Gaza Strip, from which daily fedayeen incursions into Israel made life unbearable for its southern population. And last but not least, the concentration of the Egyptian forces in the Sinai Peninsula, armed with the newly acquired weapons from the Soviet bloc, prepared for an attack on Israel. Here, Ben-Gurion believed, was a time bomb that had to be defused before it was too late. Reaching the Suez Canal did not figure at all in Israel's war objectives.

59: 1813:, the Israelis were militarily superior to their enemies and the Cabinet subsequently considered where and when to attack next. On 24 September, an incursion made by the Palestinian irregulars in the Latrun sector, killing 23 Israeli soldiers, precipitated the debate. On 26 September, Ben-Gurion put his argument to the Cabinet to attack Latrun again and conquer the whole or a large part of West Bank. The motion was rejected by a vote of seven to five after discussions. Ben-Gurion qualified the cabinet's decision as 792: 1752:, which was being used as a military and administrative headquarters. Ben-Gurion agreed to the Irgun's plan to bomb the King David Hotel in order to destroy incriminating documents that Ben-Gurion feared would prove that the Haganah had been participating in the violent insurrection against the British in cooperation with the Irgun and Lehi with the approval of himself and other Jewish Agency officials. However, Ben-Gurion asked that the operation be delayed, but the Irgun refused. The Irgun carried out the 524: 2033: 2354: 2673: 1009:

Democratic Workers' Party in the Land of Israel in Jaffa. The conference, 4–6 October 1906, was attended by 60 or so people. Shochat engineered the elections so that Ben-Gurion was elected onto the five-man Central Committee and the 10-man Manifesto Committee. He also arranged that Ben-Gurion was chosen as chairman of the sessions. These Ben-Gurion conducted in Hebrew, forbidding the translation of his address into Russian or Yiddish. The conference was divided: a large faction—

2081: 1748:, a large police and military operation throughout Palestine, searching for arms and arresting Jewish leaders and Haganah members in order to stop the attacks and find documentary evidence of the alliance the British suspected existed between the Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi. The British had intended to detain Ben-Gurion during the operation but he was visiting Paris at the time. The British stored the documents they had captured from the Jewish Agency headquarters in the 3705:

does not spare human life and the blood of innocent children for the sake of the revolution ... he is not afraid of rejecting today what he required yesterday, and requiring tomorrow what he rejected today; he will not be caught in the net of platitude, or in the trap of dogma; for the naked reality, the cruel truth and the reality of power relations will be before his sharp and clear eyes ... the single goal, burning with red flame—the goal of the great revolution."

1434: 7523: 7278: 6980: 6482: 7570: 7331: 7026: 6296: 1100:. It took the two young men three days to walk there. Coincidentally at the same time Bar Giora, now with about 20 members and calling themselves 'the collective' but still led by Shochat, took on the operating of the training farm. Ben-Gurion found work in the farm but, excluded from 'the collective', he later became a labourer for one of the moshav families. One of the first acts of 'the collective' was organising sacking of the farm's 1702:. He famously told Jews to "support the British as if there is no White Paper and oppose the White Paper as if there is no war". About 10% of the Jewish population of Palestine volunteered for the British Armed Forces, including many women. At the same time Ben-Gurion assisted the illegal immigration of thousands of European Jewish refugees to Palestine during a period when the British placed heavy restrictions on Jewish immigration. 2222: 2214: 1129:(The Unity), which was being established in Jerusalem. They needed his fluency in Hebrew for translating and proof reading. It was the end of his career as a farm labourer. The first three editions came out monthly with an initial run of 1000 copies. It then became a weekly with a print run of 450 copies. He contributed 15 articles over the first year, using various pen names, eventually settling for Ben Gurion. The 5885:, vol. 41, no. 20 (24 October 2019), pp. 37–38, 40–42. "Segev's biography... shows how central exclusionary nationalism, war and racism were to Ben-Gurion's vision of the Jewish homeland in Palestine, and how contemptuous he was not only of the Arabs but of Jewish life outside Zion. Liberal Jews may look at the state that Ben-Gurion built, and ask if the cost has been worth it." (p. 42 of Shatz's review.) 960: 1519: 2130:. Ben-Gurion saw the struggle to make the Negev desert bloom as an area where the Jewish people could make a major contribution to humanity as a whole. He believed that the sparsely populated and barren Negev desert offered a great opportunity for the Jews to settle in Palestine with minimal obstruction of the Arab population, and set a personal example by settling in kibbutz 1899:, and stated that "I don't know if there's an afterlife. I think there is." In 1969 he combined his Zionism with a moderate religious view: "In 1948 the establishment of a Hebrew state and the independence of Israel were declared, because our people were sure that their prayer would be answered if they would return to the land". During an interview with the leftist weekly 1560:. Ben-Gurion gave him a lift, and out of the blue told him why he preferred Lenin to Trotsky: "Lenin was Trotsky's inferior in terms of intellect", but Lenin, unlike Trotsky, "was decisive". When confronted with a dilemma, Trotsky would do what Ben-Gurion despised about the old-style diaspora Jews: he manoeuvred; as opposed to Lenin, who would cut the 1212:, he and Ben-Zvi recruited forty Jews into a Jewish militia to assist the Ottoman Army. Despite his pro-Ottoman declarations he was deported to Egypt in March 1915. From there he made his way to the United States, arriving in May. For the next four months Ben-Gurion and Ben Zvi embarked on a speaking tour planned to visit 2181:, ended with a massacre of 69 Palestinian villagers, two thirds of them women and children. Ben Gurion denied involvement of the army and placed blame on Israeli civilians, a fabrication which was repeated by him at the UN. He was seen as having protected involved subordinates in the military from accountability. 1908:

product of our nation's life in the Exile. It was produced in the Exile, in conditions of Exile. A nation in the process of fulfilling its every task, physically and spiritually ... must compose a 'New Shulchan'—and our nation's intellectuals are required, in my opinion, to fulfill their responsibility in this."

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The escalation continued with the Egyptian blockade of the Straits of Tiran, and Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal in July 1956. On October 14, Nasser made clear his intent:"I am not solely fighting against Israel itself. My task is to deliver the Arab world from destruction through Israel's

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met with Ben-Gurion to ask for reassurance. Ben-Gurion, however, accused Rabin of putting Israel in mortal danger by mobilising the reserves and openly preparing for war with an Arab coalition. Ben-Gurion told Rabin that at the very least, he should have obtained the support of a foreign power, as he

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He was asked to reconsider his decision by the cabinet. The country, however, seemed to have anticipated his move and, unlike the response to his resignation in 1953, no serious efforts were made to dissuade him from resigning.... his political isolation, suspicion of colleagues and rivals, apparent

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and the Suez Canal. In July 1956, the United States and Britain withdrew their offer to fund the Aswan High Dam project on the Nile and a week later, Nasser ordered the nationalisation of the French and British-controlled Suez Canal. In late 1956, the bellicosity of Arab statements prompted Israel to

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From April 1948, Ben-Gurion is projecting a message of transfer. There is no explicit order of his in writing, there is no orderly comprehensive policy, but there is an atmosphere of transfer. The transfer idea is in the air. The entire leadership understands that this is the idea. The officer corps

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pioneers like Ben-Gurion. He found work as a day labourer, waiting each morning hoping to be chosen by an overseer. Jewish workers found it difficult competing with local villagers who were more skilled and prepared to work for less. Ben-Gurion was shocked at the number of Arabs employed. In November

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broke out and he was in the city during the clamp down that followed; he was arrested twice, the second time he was held for two weeks and only released with the help of his father. In December 1905 he returned to Płońsk as a full-time Poalei Zion operative. There he worked to oppose the anti-Zionist

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there was a unusually high concentration of executions of people against a wall or next to a well in an orderly fashion.That can't be chance. It's a pattern. Apparently, various officers who took part in the operation understood that the expulsion order they received permitted them to do these deeds

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He prided himself on not having set foot inside a synagogue in Eretz Israel, except on one occasion: "Only once did I go inside, when independence was declared, at the request of Rabbi Bar-Ilan of the Mizrachi Party. However, he added, when abroad he enjoyed attending synagogue on Sabbath. Away from

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from 1935, Ben-Gurion was de facto leader of the Jewish population even before the state was declared. In this position, Ben-Gurion played a major role in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. When the IDF archives and others were opened in the late 1980s, scholars started to reconsider the events and the role

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According to Benny Morris, "Ben-Gurion got cold feet during the war. ... If had carried out a large expulsion and cleansed the whole country -the whole Land of Israel, as far as the Jordan River. It may yet turn out that this was his fatal mistake. If he had carried out a full expulsion rather than

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At the end of World War II, the Zionist leadership in Palestine had expected a British decision to establish a Jewish state. However, it became clear that the British had no intention of immediately establishing a Jewish state and that limits on Jewish immigration would remain for the time being. As

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stipulated that Jewish immigration to Palestine was to be limited to 15,000 a year for the first five years, and would subsequently be contingent on Arab consent. Restrictions were also placed on the rights of Jews to buy land from Arabs. After this Ben-Gurion changed his policy towards the British,

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wrote the introduction to the 1918 German edition. The follow-up was conceived as an anthology of work from Poale Zion leaders; in fact Ben-Gurion took over as editor, writing the introduction and two-thirds of the text. He suspended all his Poale Zion activities and spent most of the next 18 months

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For many of us, anti-Semitic feeling had little to do with our dedication . I personally never suffered anti-Semitic persecution. Płońsk was remarkably free of it ... Nevertheless, and I think this very significant, it was Płońsk that sent the highest proportion of Jews to Eretz Israel from any town

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Gamal Abdel Nasser, who declared in one speech that "Egypt has decided to dispatch her heroes, the disciples of Pharaoh and the sons of Islam and they will cleanse the land of Palestine....There will be no peace on Israel's border because we demand vengeance, and vengeance is Israel's death."...The

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Instructions called for demolition of villages that could not be held permanently. Another paragraph detailed the method for taking over an Arab village: Surround the village and search it (for weapons). In case of resistance—annihilate the armed force and expel the population beyond the border...

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On his return from Moscow in 1922 he outlined what he admired in Lenin: "A man who disdains all obstacles, faithful to his goal, who knows no concessions or discounts, the extreme of extremes; who knows how to crawl on his belly in the utter depths in order to reach his goal; a man of iron will who

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proposed autonomy for the West Bank, the transfer of Gazan refugees to Jordan, and a united Jerusalem serving as Israel's capital. Ben-Gurion agreed with him but foresaw problems in transferring Palestinian refugees from Gaza to Jordan, and recommended that Israel insist on direct talks with Egypt,

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In his War Diaries in February 1948, Ben-Gurion wrote: "The war shall give us the land. The concepts of 'ours' and 'not ours' are peace concepts only, and they lose their meaning during war." Also later he confirmed this by stating that, "In the Negev we shall not buy the land. We shall conquer it.

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There is a controversy around these events. According to Uri Bar-Joseph, Ben-Gurion placed a plan that called for a limited action aimed at the conquest of Latrun, and not for an all-out offensive. According to David Tal, in the cabinet meeting, Ben-Gurion reacted to what he had been just told by a

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Why should the Arabs make peace? If I was an Arab leader I would never make terms with Israel. That is natural: we have taken their country. Sure, God promised it to us, but what does that matter to them? Our God is not theirs. We come from Israel, it's true, but two thousand years ago, and what is

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This is our native land; it is not as birds of passage that we return to it. But it is situated in an area engulfed by Arabic-speaking people, mainly followers of Islam. Now, if ever, we must do more than make peace with them; we must achieve collaboration and alliance on equal terms. Remember what

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published in 1967. Ben-Gurion believed in the equal rights of Arabs who remained in and would become citizens of Israel. He was quoted as saying, "We must start working in Jaffa. Jaffa must employ Arab workers. And there is a question of their wages. I believe that they should receive the same wage

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released on 7 July of the same year. It has also been subject to significant debate by scholars as a result of scribbled-out text that may or may not provide written evidence of an intention to "expel the Arabs" or "not expel the Arabs" depending on one's interpretation of whether such deletion was

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for two weeks and spoke on only five occasions and was poorly received. Ben-Zvi spoke to 14 groups as well as an event in New York City and succeeded in recruiting 44 volunteers for Hechalutz; Ben-Gurion recruited 19. Ben-Gurion embarked on a second tour in December, speaking at 19 meetings, mostly

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and the doctor advised he return to Europe. By the time he left Petah Tikva in summer of 1907 he had worked an average 10 days a month which frequently left him with no money for food. He wrote long letters in Hebrew to his father and friends. They rarely revealed how difficult life was. Others who

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But no expulsion policy was ever enunciated and Ben-Gurion always refrained from issuing clear or written expulsion orders; he preferred that his generals 'understand' what he wanted. He probably wished to avoid going down in history as the 'great expeller' and he did not want his government to be

2513:, Ramat Gan. His condition began deteriorating on 23 November and he died a few days later, on 1 December. His body lay in state in the Knesset compound before being flown by helicopter to Sde Boker. Sirens sounded across the country to mark his death. He was buried alongside his wife Paula in the 2450:

Following the Six-Day War, Ben-Gurion criticised what he saw as the government's apathy towards the construction and development of the city. To ensure that a united Jerusalem remained in Israeli hands, he advocated a massive Jewish settlement program for the Old City and the hills surrounding the

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Ben-Gurion returned to government in 1955. He assumed the post of defence minister and was soon re-elected prime minister. When he returned to government, Israeli forces began responding more aggressively to Egyptian-sponsored Palestinian guerrilla attacks from Gaza, which was under Egyptian rule.

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in March 1948, requested by Ben Gurion, consisting of a set of guidelines to take control of Mandatory Palestine, declare a Jewish state, and defend its borders and people, including the Jewish population outside of the borders, "before, and in anticipation of" the invasion by regular Arab armies.

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Ben-Gurion was aware that world Jewry could and would only feel comfortable to throw their support behind the nascent state if it was shrouded with religious mystique. That would include an orthodox tacit acquiescence to the entity. Therefore, in September 1947 Ben-Gurion decided to reach a formal

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The topic came back at the end of the 1948 war, when General Yigal Allon also proposed the conquest of the West Bank up to the Jordan River as the natural, defensible border of the state. This time, Ben-Gurion refused although he was aware that the IDF was militarily strong enough to carry out the

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Due to the Jewish insurgency, bad publicity over the restriction of Jewish immigrants to Palestine, non-acceptance of a partitioned state (as suggested by the United Nations) amongst Arab leaders, and the cost of keeping 100,000 troops in Palestine the British Government referred the matter to the

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which was approved by a second smaller 15-man conference held in Jaffa the following January 1907. The program stated "the party aspires to political independence of the Jewish People in this country." All activities were to be conducted in Hebrew; there should be segregation of the Jewish and the

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food, that every effort would be made to provide a single jurisdiction for Jewish family affairs, and that each sector would be granted autonomy in the sphere of education, provided minimum standards regarding the curriculum be observed. To a large extent this agreement provided the framework for

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broke out. Ben-Gurion's strategy was for the Haganah to hold on to every position with no retreat or surrender and then launch an offensive when British forces had evacuated to such an extent that there would be no more danger of British intervention. This strategy was successful, and by May 1948

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seats in the first national election, held on 14 February 1949. He remained in that post until 1963, except for a period of nearly two years between 1954 and 1955. As prime minister, he oversaw the establishment of the state's institutions. He presided over various national projects aimed at the

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headquarters be disbanded and its units be integrated with the rest of the IDF, to the chagrin of many of its members. By absorbing the Irgun force into Israel's IDF, the Israelis eliminated competition and the central government controlled all military forces within the country. His attempts to

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led by Menachem Begin. He insisted that all weapons be handed over to the IDF. When fighting broke out on the Tel Aviv beach he ordered it be taken by force and to shell the ship. Sixteen Irgun fighters and three IDF soldiers were killed in this battle. Following the policy of a unified military

5421:(p. 101) To them the murderous fedayeen raids and constant harassment were just another form of Arab warfare against Israel...(p. 102) Israel's aims were to capture the Sinai peninsula in order to open the straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping, and to seize the Gaza strip to end fedayeen attacks. 5328:

the removal of the Egyptian blockade of the Straits of Tiran at the entrance of the Gulf of Aqaba. The blockade closed Israel's sea lane to East Africa and the Far East, hindering the development of Israel's southern port of Eilat and its hinterland, the Nege. Another important objective of the

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In a letter to the writer Eliezer Steinman, he wrote "Today, more than ever, the 'religious' tend to relegate Judaism to observing dietary laws and preserving the Sabbath. This is considered religious reform. I prefer the Fifteenth Psalm, lovely are the psalms of Israel. The Shulchan Aruch is a

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two years before his death, he revealed, "I too have a deep faith in the Almighty. I believe in one God, the omnipotent Creator. My consciousness is aware of the existence of material and spirit ... I cannot understand how order reigns in nature, in the world and universe—unless there exists a

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in July 1946, killing 91 people. Ben-Gurion publicly condemned the bombing. In the aftermath of the bombing, Ben-Gurion ordered that the Jewish Resistance Movement be dissolved. From then on, the Irgun and Lehi continued to regularly attack the British, but the Haganah rarely did so, and while

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Nothing of this sort appears in the diary he kept at the time or in the minutes of the Cabinet meeting from which he is ostensibly quoting... Ben Gurion once more raised the idea of conquering Latrun in the cabinet. Ben Gurion was in fact reacting to what he had been told by a delegation from

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who had arrived two years previously and had established a group of around 25 Poale Zion followers. Shochat made a point of inspecting new arrivals looking for recruits. A month after his arrival at Petah Tikva, Shochat invited Ben-Gurion to attend the founding conference of the Jewish Social

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was Rachel Nelkin. Her step-father, Reb Simcha Isaac, was the leading Zionist in Płońsk, and they had met three years previously at one of his meetings. It was expected that their relationship would continue when they landed in Jaffa but he shut her out after she was fired on her first day

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Arab delegations from Palestine and its neighbors say in the General Assembly and in other places: talk of Arab-Jewish amity sound fantastic, for the Arabs do not wish it, they will not sit at the same table with us, they want to treat us as they do the Jews of Bagdad, Cairo, and Damascus.

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where Shochat was working. Ben-Gurion walked to the meetings from Petah Tikva until he moved to Jaffa where he gave occasional Hebrew lessons. His political activity resulted in the establishment of three small trade unions amongst some tailors, carpenters and shoemakers. He set up the

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and removing the Egyptian president Nasser. The United States pressure forced the British and French to back down and Israel to withdraw from Sinai in return for free Israeli navigation through the Red Sea. The United Nations responded by establishing its first peacekeeping force,

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conquest. He feared the reaction of Western powers and wanted to maintain good relations with the United States and not to provoke the British. Moreover, in his opinion the results of the war were already satisfactory and Israeli leaders had to focus on the building of a nation.

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for war. According to Teveth "through his campaign to mobilize the Yishuv in support of the British war effort, he strove to build the nucleus of a 'Hebrew Army', and his success in this endeavor later brought victory to Zionism in the struggle to establish a Jewish state."

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remove the threat of the concentrated Egyptian forces in the Sinai, and Israel invaded the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula. Other Israeli aims were elimination of the fedayeen incursions into Israel that made life unbearable for its southern population and opening the blockaded

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in 1897. It was her eleventh pregnancy. Two years later his father remarried. Ben-Gurion's birth certificate, found in Poland in 2003, indicated that he had a twin brother who died shortly after birth. Between the ages of five and 13 Ben-Gurion attended five different

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wrote that the idea of expulsion of Palestinian Arabs was endorsed in practice by mainstream Zionist leaders, particularly Ben-Gurion. He did not give clear or written orders in that regard, but Morris claims that Ben-Gurion's subordinates understood his policy well:

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began supplying intelligence to the British enabling them to arrest Irgun members, and abducting and often torturing Irgun members, handing some over to the British while keeping others detained in secret Haganah prisons. This campaign, which was called the

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became very friendly when they stayed at the same hotel in Paris. Ho Chi Minh offered Ben-Gurion a Jewish home-in-exile in Vietnam. Ben-Gurion declined, telling Ho Chi Minh: "I am certain we shall be able to establish a Jewish Government in Palestine."

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criticised Ben-Gurion for what he viewed as a confrontational approach to the Arab world. Goldmann wrote, "Ben-Gurion is the man principally responsible for the anti-Arab policy, because it was he who molded the thinking of generations of Israelis."

2160:, then security chief of the northern region, with setting up a new commando unit designed to respond to fedayeen infiltrations. Ben-Gurion told Sharon, "The Palestinians must learn that they will pay a high price for Israeli lives." Sharon formed 7705: 4417:

The clearest expression of this 'activist' approach is found in a "personal, top secret" letter sent by Yigal Allon to BG shortly after ... We cannot imagine a border more stable than the Jordan River, which runs the entire length of the country

1279:. It was an immediate success, selling 7,000 copies in 4 months; second and third editions were printed. Total sales of 25,000 copies made a profit of $ 20,000 for Poale Zion. It made Ben-Gurion the most prominent Poale Zion leader in America. 926:

who were trying to establish a base. He also organised a strike over working conditions amongst garment workers. He was known to use intimidatory tactics, such as extorting money from wealthy Jews at gunpoint to raise funds for Jewish workers.

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martyrs and included an account by Ben-Gurion of his Petah Tikva and Sejera experiences. The first edition appeared in February 1916 and was an immediate success; all 3,500 copies were sold. A second edition of 16,000 was published in August.

4141:, Indiana University Press, 1998, p. 185 writes: "Ben-Gurion describes to the Minister his plans to conquer the entire West Bank, involving warfare against entire Jordan's Arab Legion, but to his surprise the ministers rejected his proposal." 1354:. It was the first time he met his one-year-old daughter. The couple had three children: a son, Amos, and two daughters, Geula Ben-Eliezer and Renana Leshem. Amos married Mary Callow, already pregnant with their first child. She was an Irish 2313:

inability to interact with the full spectrum of reality, and belief that his life's work was disintegrating. His resignation was not an act of farewell but another act of his personal struggle and possibly an indication of his mental state.

4184:, Stackpole Books, 2006, p. 60 writes: "Originally, this was an idiom that Ben-Gurion used after the government rejected his demand to attack the Legion and occupy Samaria in the wake of a Mujuhidin's attack near Latrun in September 1948." 1362:

converted her to Judaism soon after, neither the Palestine rabbinate nor her mother-in-law Paula Ben-Gurion considered her a real Jew until she underwent an Orthodox conversion many years later. Amos became Deputy Inspector-General of the

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winery where six workers had been sacked. After three months the two-man Central Committee was dissolved, partly because, at that time, Ben-Gurion was less militant than Shochat and the Rostovians. Ben-Gurion returned to Petah Tikva.

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city, as well as the establishment of large industries in the Jerusalem area to attract Jewish migrants. He argued that no Arabs would have to be evicted in the process. Ben-Gurion also urged extensive Jewish settlement in Hebron.

2458:, Ben-Gurion refused to reconcile with his old party. He favoured electoral reforms in which a constituency-based system would replace what he saw as a chaotic proportional representation method. He formed another new party, the 4386:

in March 1949, just before the signing of the Israel-Jordan armistice agreement, when IDF general Yigal Allon proposed conquering the West Bank, Ben-Gurion turned him down flat. Like most Israelis, Ben-Gurion had given up the

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Ben-Gurion along with other mainstream Zionist leaders publicly condemned the Irgun and Lehi attacks, in practice the Haganah under their direction rarely cooperated with the British in attempting to suppress the insurgency.

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tasked with retaliating for fedayeen raids. During its five months of existence, the unit launched repeated raids against military targets and villages used as bases by the fedayeen. These attacks became known as the

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the plan place by BG before the government call not for an all-out offensive, but rather for a limited action aimed at the conquest of Latrun…more than 13 years later ..(he) claim that his proposal had been far more

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The intent of Plan Dalet is subject to much controversy, with historians on one side asserting that it was entirely defensive , while other historians assert that the plan aimed at the expulsion, sometimes called an

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ordered his fighters not to retaliate so as to prevent a civil war. The Saison became increasingly controversial in the Yishuv, including within the ranks of the Haganah, and it was aborted at the end of March 1945.

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The aims were to be threefold: to remove the threat, wholly or partially, of the Egyptian rmy in the Sinai, to destroy the framework of the fedaiyyun, and to secure the freedom of navigation through the straits of

604: 5082:, but war crimes were perpetrated there. At Jaffa there was a massacre about which nothing had been known until now. The same at Arab al Muwassi, in the north. About half of the acts of massacre were part of 1457:, the more moderate Zionist labour party (it was still a left-wing organisation, but not as far-left as other factions) under Ben-Gurion's leadership. In the 1940s the left-wing of Mapai broke away to form 2712: 4718: 1318:. On 13 December 1918 he was demoted from corporal to private, fined three days' pay and transferred to the lowest company in the battalion. He had been five days absent without leave visiting friends in 7712: 2325:, a failed 1954 Israeli covert operation in Egypt. Ben-Gurion had insisted that the operation be properly investigated, while Eshkol refused. After failing to unseat Eshkol as Mapai party leader in the 1717:

against British rule and began attacking British administrative and police targets. Ben-Gurion and other mainstream Zionist leaders opposed armed action against the British, and after Lehi assassinated

1220:, of 10,000 men to fight on the Ottoman side. The tour was a disappointment. Audiences were small; Poale Zion had fewer than 3,000 members, mostly in the New York area. Ben-Gurion was hospitalised with 1013:—wanted to create a single Arab–Jewish proletariat. This Shochat and Ben-Gurion opposed. The conference delegated the Manifesto Committee the task of deciding the new party's objectives. They produced 4264:

If BG had been fully convinced that the IDF should have fought more aggressively for Jerusalem and the surrounding area, then Sharet's opposition would not have stood in the way of government consent

2016:. In case of resistance, the population of conquered villages was to be expelled outside the borders of the Jewish state. If no resistance was met, the residents could stay put, under military rule. 1686:

stating: "Peace in Palestine is not the best situation for thwarting the policy of the White Paper". Ben-Gurion believed a peaceful solution with the Arabs had no chance and soon began preparing the

2266:

for Israeli ships. Israel occupied much of the peninsula within a few days. As agreed beforehand, within a couple of days, Britain and France invaded too, aiming at regaining Western control of the

8622: 1665:

that to them? There has been anti-Semitism, the Nazis, Hitler, Auschwitz, but was that their fault? They only see one thing: we have come here and stolen their country. Why should they accept that?

710: 1981:

during the 1948 war. The poisoning operations involved targeting dozens of Palestinian water wells with typhoid and dysentery bacteria, as well as the aqueducts in Palestinian cities such as

2055:. In the Israeli declaration of independence, he stated that the new nation would "uphold the full social and political equality of all its citizens, without distinction of religion, race". 1884:

in his youth and who demonstrated no great sympathy for the elements of traditional Judaism, though he quoted the Bible extensively in his speeches and writings. Modern Orthodox philosopher

2724: 5465: 1402: 1104:

nightwatchman. As a result, shots were fired at the farms every night for several months. Guns were brought and the workforce armed. Ben-Gurion took turns patrolling the farm at night.

1823:

delegation from Jerusalem. He points out that this view that Ben-Gurion had planned to conquer the West Bank is unsubstantiated in both Ben-Gurion's diary and in the Cabinet protocol.

4948:

Sherzer, Adi (January 2021). Kedourie, Helen; Kelly, Saul (eds.). "The Jewish past and the 'birth' of the Israeli nation state: The case of Ben-Gurion's Independence Day speeches".

2700: 8742: 2407:

told Ben-Gurion of the impending attack on the night of 4–5 June. Ben-Gurion subsequently wrote in his diary that he was troubled by Israel's impending offensive. On 5 June, the

8707: 1568:, a painful compromise which gave the emerging Jewish state little more than a fighting chance, but which, according to Peres, enabled the establishment of the State of Israel. 2286:, to capture the international fugitive alive for trial in Israel. In 1960, the mission was accomplished, and Eichmann was tried and convicted in an internationally publicised 1022:

Arab economies; and a Jewish trade union was to be established. Three members of the Central Committee resigned and Ben-Gurion and Shochat continued meeting weekly in Jaffa or

2657: 1932:

Ben-Gurion oversaw the nascent state's military operations. During the first weeks of Israel's independence, he ordered all militias to be replaced by one national army, the

1888:

considered Ben-Gurion "to have hated Judaism more than any other man he had met". He was proud of the fact that he had only set foot in a synagogue once in Israel, worked on

8557: 6738: 2431:

from Syria in a series of campaigns. Following the war, Ben-Gurion was in favour of returning all the captured territories apart from East Jerusalem, the Golan Heights and

7698: 1761:

United Nations. In September 1947, the British decided to terminate the Mandate. In November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution approving the

2257:

and purchased a large number of modern arms. The Israelis responded by arming themselves with help from France. Nasser blocked the passage of Israeli ships through the

1722:, the British Minister of State in the Middle East, decided to stop it by force. While Lehi was convinced to suspend operations, the Irgun refused and as a result, the 855:—Children of Zion. In 1900 it had a membership of 200. David was the youngest of three boys with an older and younger sister. His mother, Scheindel (Broitman), died of 1184:. Ben-Gurion was entirely dependent on funding from his father, while Ben-Zvi found work teaching. Struggling with ill health, Ben-Gurion spent some time in hospital. 5447: 8747: 2443:

favouring withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for peace and free navigation through the Straits of Tiran. The following day, he met with Jerusalem mayor

701:. As prime minister, he helped build state institutions, presiding over national projects aimed at the development of the country. He also oversaw the absorption of 4234:

A great satisfaction with the armistice borders…(Concerning the) area intended to pass into Israeli…(Ben Gurions') statements reveal the ambiguity over this subject

2379:

to Israeli shipping. This, together with the actions of other Arab states, caused Israel to begin preparing for war. The situation lasted until the outbreak of the

2126:, rural development projects and the establishment of new towns and cities. In particular, he called for pioneering settlement in outlying areas, especially in the 8732: 2688: 2403:

After the Israeli government decided to go to war, planning a preemptive strike to destroy the Egyptian Air Force followed by a ground offensive, Defense Minister

6035: 7011: 4743: 7316: 5569: 2764: 741: 1895:

In later time, Ben-Gurion refused to define himself as "secular", and he regarded himself a believer in God. In a 1970 interview, he described himself as a

888:, promoting Hebrew studies and emigration to the Holy Land. The group ran Hebrew classes for local youth and in 1903 collected funds for the victims of the 991:. It was the largest of the 13 Jewish agricultural settlements and consisted of 80 households with a population of nearly 1,500; of these around 200 were 8717: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 6513: 1786: 911:

he had become a vegetarian. He became involved in Zionist politics and in October 1905 he joined the clandestine Social-Democratic Jewish Workers' Party—

5582: 1414:, the Zionist Labor Federation in Palestine, and served as its general secretary from 1921 until 1935. At Ahdut HaAvoda's 3rd Congress, held in 1924 at 796:

Ben-Gurion with Rachel Nelkin and members of Ezra on eve of their departure to Palestine, August 1906; his father and step-mother sitting in the windows

8727: 7721: 2012:, Plan Dalet called for the conquest of Arab towns and villages inside and along the borders of the area allocated to the proposed Jewish State in the 769: 5466:"The Battle of the Letters, 1963: John F. Kennedy, David Ben-Gurion, Levi Eshkol, and the U.S. Inspections of Dimona | National Security Archive" 6731: 6281: 1069:. Ben-Gurion came last of five candidates. He was not aware that at the next gathering, on Ben-Zvi's return, a secret para-military group was set up— 1600: 6030: 666:

from 1935 until the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, which he led until 1963 with a short break in 1954–55. Ben-Gurion's interest for

7294: 8567: 8527: 4549: 3451: 1586:, to his son Amos on 5 October 1937. The letter is well known to scholars as it provides insight into Ben-Gurion's reaction to the report of the 1367:, and also the director-general of a textile factory. He and Mary had six granddaughters from their two daughters and a son, Alon, who married a 6989: 3963: 3481: 2672: 1774:

in a ceremony in Tel Aviv. A few hours later, the State of Israel officially came into being when the British Mandate terminated on 15 May. The

8592: 8587: 8552: 5720:

Aronson, Shlomo. "David Ben-Gurion, Levi Eshkol and the Struggle over Dimona: A Prologue to the Six-Day War and its (Un) Anticipated Results."

2077:

has written of the massacres of Palestinian Arabs in 1948, and has stated that Ben-Gurion "covered up for the officers who did the massacres."

2059:

You forget that we are at war." The Arabs, meanwhile, also vied with Israel over the control of territory by means of war, while the Jordanian

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religious affairs in Israel till the present day, and is often used as a benchmark regarding the arrangement of religious affairs in Israel.

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and all Ben-Gurion's policies were reversed: Yiddish, not Hebrew, was the language to be used; the future lay with a united Jewish and Arab

6724: 3630: 2275:). It was stationed between Egypt and Israel and for the next decade it maintained peace and stopped the fedayeen incursions into Israel. 1057:

in April 1907 revitalised the local Poale Zion. Eighty followers attended a conference in May at which Ben-Zvi was elected onto a two-man

1050:), a Yiddish newspaper in New York City. It was an appeal for funds and was the first time something written by Ben-Gurion was published. 8702: 7554: 4046: 3655: 2156:

repeatedly infiltrated into Israel from Arab territory. In 1953, after a handful of unsuccessful retaliatory actions, Ben-Gurion charged

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quoted Ben-Gurion as stating in 1938: "I believe in our power, in our power which will grow, and if it will grow agreement will come..."

1565: 1148:

In the spring of 1911, faced with the collapse of the Second Aliyah, Poale Zion's leadership decided the future lay in "Ottomanisation".

1096:, had been established forming a community of around 200 Jews. It was one of the most remote colonies in the foothills of north-eastern 7004: 5137: 1437:

From left: David Ben-Gurion and Paula with youngest daughter Renana on BG's lap, daughter Geula, father Avigdor Grün and son Amos, 1929

1314:

hospital with dysentery. In 1918, after a period of guarding prisoners of war in the Egyptian desert, his battalion was transferred to

1111:

and avoid his father facing a heavy fine. He immediately deserted and returned to Sejera, travelling, via Germany, with forged papers.

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and other Jewish groups did not retaliate for Arab attacks against Jewish civilians, concentrating only on self-defense. In 1937, the

8737: 8722: 8667: 8547: 7309: 5876: 8757: 8597: 2201:. The operation was a response to Syrian attacks on Israeli fishermen. Ben-Gurion had ordered the operation without consulting the 1770:

Jewish forces were winning the civil war. On 14 May 1948, a few hours before the British Mandate officially terminated, Ben-Gurion

1714: 1372: 662:

in 1906. Adopting the name of Ben-Gurion in 1909, he rose to become the preeminent leader of the Jewish community in British-ruled

1673:. The only other languages he was able to use when in discussions with Arab leaders were English, and to a lesser extent, French. 8672: 8662: 6506: 5948:

Shiff, Ofer. "Abba Hillel Silver and David Ben‐Gurion: A Diaspora Leader Challenges the Revered Status of the 'Founding Father'"

3292: 1263:. Ben-Zvi, originally designated as co-editor, contributed a section on Jewish history in which he expounded the theory that the 1230: 5782:

Getzoff, Joseph F. "Zionist frontiers: David Ben-Gurion, labor Zionism, and transnational circulations of settler development."

2308:

Ben-Gurion stepped down as prime minister on 16 June 1963. According to historian Yechiam Weitz, when he unexpectedly resigned:

2305:. During his final months as premier Ben-Gurion was engaged in a, now declassified, diplomatic standoff with the United States. 6522: 5751: 3677: 1473: 4536:

Israel his tastes changed: he viewed the synagogue as a natural meeting place for Jewish brethren, a kind of community center.

1488:

recommended partitioning Palestine into Jewish and Arab areas and Ben-Gurion supported this policy. This led to conflict with

1350:

and they married in 1917. In November 1919, after an 18-month separation, Paula and their daughter Geula joined Ben-Gurion in

8562: 7988: 6997: 6747: 6274: 5923: 5900: 5819: 5796:

Oren, Michael B. "Ambivalent Adversaries: David Ben-Gurion and Israel vs. the United Nations and Dag Hammarskjold, 1956–57."

5737: 5606: 5414: 5383: 5352: 5321: 5290: 5254: 5214: 5188: 4907: 4855: 4821: 4779: 4498: 4410: 4379: 4349: 4318: 4287: 4257: 4227: 4004: 3949: 3928: 3898: 3844: 3724: 3587: 3565: 3522: 3435: 3299:, Gila Hadar, "Space and Time in Salonika on the Eve of World War II and the Expulsion and Extermination of Salonika Jewry", 3277: 3111: 3054: 2873: 2845: 690: 7302: 6053: 1092:. An agricultural training farm had been established at Sejera in the 1880s and since then a number of family-owned farms, 1081:

where he remained for two months. He made detailed plans with which he tried to entice his father to come and be a farmer.

5832:

Rosenberg-Friedman, Lilach. "David Ben-Gurion and the 'Demographic Threat': His Dualistic Approach to Natalism, 1936–63."

5115:

in order to encourage the population to take to the roads. The fact is that no one was punished for these acts of murder.

8602: 4151: 2799: 2749: 2282:, was likely living in hiding in Argentina. In response, Ben-Gurion ordered the Israel foreign intelligence service, the 2052: 1771: 678: 2205:

and seeking a vote on the matter, and Sharett would later bitterly complain that Ben-Gurion had exceeded his authority.

2073:

in order to save that district for its Arab inhabitants, and to prevent territorial gains for Israel. Israeli historian

907:. He did not have sufficient qualifications to matriculate and took work teaching Hebrew in a Warsaw heder. Inspired by 8677: 8572: 8537: 6499: 2563: 1125:. From where the following spring he was invited, by Ben-Zvi, to join the staff of Poale Zion's new Hebrew periodical, 837:(secret adviser), navigating his clients through the often corrupt Imperial legal system. Following the publication of 2395:

party initially opposed the widening of its government, it eventually changed its mind. On 23 May, IDF Chief of Staff

1839:

In order to prevent the coalescence of the religious right, the Histadrut agreed to a vague status quo agreement with

1108: 523: 8762: 8582: 3973: 3737: 2744: 2463: 2342: 1325: 1114:

On 12 April 1909 two Jews from Sejera were killed in clashes with local Arabs following the death of a villager from

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Jerusalem... The "everlasting shame" view is unsubstantiated in both Ben Gurion's diary and in the Cabinet protocol.

3872: 2927: 1073:—under Shochat's leadership. Distancing himself from Poale Zion activism Ben-Gurion, who had been a day-labourer at 8752: 8692: 8532: 7324: 6267: 5756: 5747:

Cohen, Mitchell. "Zion and State: Nation, Class and the Shaping of Modern Israel" (Columbia University Press, 1987)

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Tsameret, Tsevi; Tlamim, Moshe (1 July 1999). "Judaism in Israel: Ben-Gurion's Private Beliefs and Public Policy".

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in his Knesset office. Despite occupying a lower executive position, Ben-Gurion treated Kollek like a subordinate.

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a result, with Ben-Gurion's approval the Haganah entered into a secret alliance with the Irgun and Lehi called the

1719: 1633:

as a Jewish worker. An Arab has also the right to be elected president of the state, should he be elected by all."

896:

had 150 members within a year. A different source estimates the group never had more than "several dozen" members.

189: 5629: 2983:

Segev (2019) pp. Warsaw 32, 35, college rejection 41, 1905 revolution 43, Poalie Zion 46, prison 47, labor boss 49

8682: 8612: 8577: 7547: 7019: 2886: 2173:. One such operation gained international condemnation of Israel, after an Israeli army attack on the village of 1118:, shot in an attempted robbery. There is little conformation of Ben-Gurion's accounts of his part in this event. 8097: 8687: 7325: 6289: 2535: 2326: 2272: 2119: 3756: 2438:

On 11 June, Ben-Gurion met with a small group of supporters in his home. During the meeting, Defense Minister

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or "Hunting Season", left the Irgun unable to continue operations as they struggled to survive. Irgun leader

1492:

who opposed partition and as a result Jabotinsky's supporters split with the Haganah and abandoned Havlagah.

1172:, at that time the most advanced Jewish community in the area. Whilst studying he had to conceal that he was 392: 5478:

Yechiam Weitz, "Taking Leave of the'Founding Father': Ben-Gurion's Resignation as Prime Minister in 1963".

2415:, an Israeli air attack that decimated the Egyptian air force. Israel then captured the Sinai Peninsula and 1387:, the left-wing and centrist factions of Poalei Zion split in February 1919, with Ben-Gurion and his friend 1161: 7020: 5703:

Aronson, Shlomo. "Leadership, preventive war and territorial expansion: David Ben-Gurion and Levi Eshkol."

3742: 2730: 2605: 2486:, working on an 11-volume history of Israel's early years. In 1971, he visited Israeli positions along the 1819:("a source of lament for generations") considering Israel may have lost forever the Old City of Jerusalem. 1307: 229: 7690: 8712: 7092: 7080: 6049: 5231:

Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War

4462: 2620: 2455: 2338: 1962: 1624:

Ben-Gurion published two volumes setting out his views on relations between Zionists and the Arab world:

670:

developed early in his life, leading him to become a major Zionist leader, and the executive head of the

20: 4797:

The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Benny Morris, Cambridge University Press, pg 155

2630:

His portrait appears on both the 500 lirot and the 50 (old) sheqalim notes issued by the Bank of Israel.

2278:

In 1959, Ben-Gurion learned from West German officials of reports that the notorious Nazi war criminal,

1640:

to the land. In an address to the United Nations on 2 October 1947, he doubted the likelihood of peace:

748:

in 1956. He stepped down from office in 1963, and retired from political life in 1970. He then moved to

8617: 8607: 8542: 7562: 7540: 4582:(translated by Kolatch, Jonathan from "Iyunim BaTanach" (Original Hebrew edition, 1969)). p. 289. 4521:

Zvi Zameret; Moshe Tlamim (1999). "Judaism in Israel: Ben-Gurion's Private Beliefs and Public Policy".

3002: 1840: 1741: 1462: 1302:, one of the four which constituted the Jewish Legion. His unit fought against the Ottomans as part of 923: 780: 698: 671: 655: 6006: 3459: 8697: 8512: 5770:

Arrows in the Dark: David Ben-Gurion, the Yishuv Leadership, and Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust

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Ben-Gurion retired from politics in 1970 and spent his last years living in a modest home in kibbutz

2384: 2106: 1929: 1810: 1803: 1775: 1553: 1291: 1208:

broke out. He was not amongst the thousands of foreign nationals deported in December 1914. Based in

918: 682: 614: 6040: 6012: 1744:

in October 1945 and participated in attacks against the British. In June 1946, the British launched

1192: 1065:. Further disappointment came when Ben-Zvi and Shochat were elected as representatives to go to the 8361: 6290: 6123: 6096: 2754: 2391:

in Sde Boker. Begin asked Ben-Gurion to join Eshkol's national unity government. Although Eshkol's

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party. He sent a letter to Agudat Yisrael stating that while being committed to establishing a non-

1753: 1233:. Due to the lack of awareness of Poale Zion's activities in Palestine it was decided to republish 1180:

prejudices. Ben-Zvi obtained a forged secondary school certificate so Ben-Gurion could join him in

1130: 1070: 622: 74: 4442: 1904:

superior force. This supreme Creator is beyond my comprehension . . . but it directs everything."

1164:. Ben-Zvi and Shochat planned to study law; Ben-Gurion was to join them but first needed to learn 677:

On 14 May 1948, he formally proclaimed the establishment of Israel, and was the first to sign the

6024: 5391:

level of violence against Israelis, soldiers and civilians alike, seemed to be rising inexorably.

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would be Israel's official day of rest, that in state-provided kitchens there would be access to

1557: 1260: 27: 7795: 6205: 5881: 3893:

Efraim Karsh, "Fabricating Israeli history: the 'new historians'", Edition 2, Routledge, 2000,

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had done during the Suez Crisis. Rabin was shaken by the meeting and took to bed for 36 hours.

2330: 2237: 2194: 2165: 1577: 1066: 454: 5677: 5655: 5404: 5373: 5342: 5311: 5280: 5178: 4811: 4788: 4769: 4488: 4400: 4339: 4277: 4247: 4217: 4050: 3834: 3710: 3539: 3425: 2321:

as his successor. A year later a bitter rivalry developed between the two on the issue of the

1371:

gentile. Geula had two sons and a daughter, and Renana, who worked as a microbiologist at the

917:. Two months later he was the delegate from Płońsk at a local conference. While in Warsaw the 7837: 6031:

Annotated bibliography for David Ben-Gurion from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues

5962:

Witzthum, David. "David Ben-Gurion and Konrad Adenauer: Building a Bridge across the Abyss."

5204: 4934: 4897: 4103: 3512: 2531: 1933: 1921: 1496: 693:

of a majority of the Palestinian Arab population. Subsequently, he became known as "Israel's

686: 5500: 5141: 3790:

JPS (2012). "JPS Responds to CAMERA's Call for Accuracy: Ben-Gurion and the Arab Transfer".

2706:

David Ben-Gurion Square—site of the house where Ben-Gurion was born, Płońsk, Wspólna Street.

2189:

In 1953, Ben-Gurion announced his intention to withdraw from government and was replaced by

720:

In 1954, he resigned as prime minister and minister of defence but remained a member of the

8522: 8517: 8174: 6641: 4579: 2664: 2594: 2518: 2506: 2502: 2474: 2197:, a successful attack on fortified Syrian emplacements near the northeastern shores of the 2153: 1615:

understands what is required of them. Under Ben-Gurion, a consensus of transfer is created.

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Ten years of research into the 1947-49 war - The expulsion of the Palestinians re-examined

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The 1937 Ben-Gurion letter was written when he was head of the executive committee of the

1275:

was published in April 1918. It cost $ 2 and was 500 pages long, over twice the length of

1001:

had come from Płońsk were writing about tuberculosis, cholera and people dying of hunger.

8: 8322: 8269: 8041: 6902: 5955:

Weitz, Yechiam. "The Founding Father and the General: David Ben-Gurion and Moshe Dayan."

5155: 5056: 4959: 4744:"Documents Reveal Israeli Army Poisoned Water Wells in Palestinian Towns During 1948 War" 4719:"'Place the Material in the Wells': Docs Point to Israeli Army's 1948 Biological Warfare" 2609: 2583: 2170: 2143: 2048: 2004: 1885: 1848: 1765:. While the Jewish Agency under Ben-Gurion accepted, the Arabs rejected the plan and the 1682: 1489: 1181: 972: 749: 737: 663: 512: 415: 7287:* entire or partial tenure as Substitute Justice Minister, until a replacement was found 5803:

Pappe, Ilan. "Moshe Sharett, David Ben‐Gurion and the 'Palestinian option,' 1948–1956."

5630:"Paris Mayor inaugurates David Ben-Gurion esplanade along Seine river, rejects protests" 3604: 2092:

as a gift from the Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben-Gurion (center). To the right is

2032: 1169: 8442: 8125: 7844: 7630: 7505: 7158: 6812: 6806: 6677: 6469: 6445: 6413: 5988: 5912: 5003: 4971: 4699: 4623: 4526: 3815: 3682: 2679: 2250: 2089: 2009: 1970: 1916: 1303: 639:, and largely led the movement for an independent Jewish state in Mandatory Palestine. 3289: 1495:

The house where he lived from 1931 on, and for part of each year after 1953, is now a

8421: 8248: 8234: 7858: 7830: 7788: 7781: 7760: 7746: 7128: 6926: 6896: 6706: 6671: 6623: 5919: 5896: 5872: 5851: 5815: 5733: 5570:

Ben Gurion Receives Bublick Award; Gives It to University As Prize for Essay on Plato

5410: 5379: 5348: 5317: 5286: 5250: 5210: 5184: 5007: 4995: 4987: 4979: 4903: 4851: 4817: 4775: 4703: 4691: 4665: 4627: 4583: 4494: 4406: 4375: 4345: 4314: 4283: 4253: 4223: 4000: 3969: 3945: 3924: 3894: 3840: 3807: 3720: 3583: 3561: 3518: 3514:

The Most Important People of the 20th Century (Part-I): Leaders & Revolutionaries

3431: 3273: 3107: 3050: 3038: 2869: 2841: 2202: 2013: 1669:

In 1909, Ben-Gurion attempted to learn Arabic but gave up. He later became fluent in

1637: 1268: 1142: 1058: 967: 904: 868:

as well as compulsory Russian classes. Two of the heders were 'modern' and taught in

26:"David Gruen" redirects here. For the Australian statistician and mathematician, see 8297: 8220: 8009: 7872: 7427: 7218: 7104: 6950: 6770: 6665: 5483: 5037: 4963: 4683: 4615: 4152:"Ben Gurion proposal to conquer Latrun, the cabinet meeting, 26 sept 1948 (hebrew)" 3799: 2648: 2491: 2376: 2263: 2258: 2021: 1749: 1745: 1670: 1500: 1419: 1347: 1315: 1165: 542: 476: 5572:" (10 August 1949). Jewish Telegraphic Agency. www.jta.org. Retrieved 1 July 2016. 5434:

Israel's Nuclear Option: Behind the Scenes Diplomacy Between Dimona and Washington

4967: 4687: 3833:

Research Fellow Truman Institute Benny Morris; Benny Morris; Morris Benny (2004).

2694:

Esplanade Ben Gourion, Paris, near the Seine, in front of the Musée du Quai Branly

2573:

Numerous streets, as well as schools, throughout Israel have been named after him.

2387:

or an emergency government. During this period, Ben-Gurion met with his old rival

1406:

The Histadrut committee in 1920. Ben Gurion is in the 2nd row, 4th from the right.

764:

desert, where he lived until his death. Posthumously, Ben-Gurion was named one of

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Palestine, 1948: war, escape and the emergence of the Palestinian refugee problem

4845: 4449: 4369: 4308: 3296: 2412: 2372: 2359: 2225: 2085: 1937: 1587: 1485: 1388: 1299: 1242: 1205: 1149: 1134: 1054: 976: 889: 869: 822: 694: 647: 618: 597: 589: 405: 364: 98: 6716: 5860:(Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2019) Finalist for 2019 National Jewish Book Award. 4847:

Palestine 1948: War, Escape And The Emergence Of The Palestinian Refugee Problem

2329:, Ben-Gurion subsequently broke with Mapai in June 1965 and formed a new party, 8435: 8407: 8393: 8389: 8139: 8118: 8104: 8055: 7809: 7802: 7753: 7672: 7648: 7642: 7636: 7600: 7433: 7415: 7409: 7397: 7361: 7248: 7164: 7134: 7110: 6962: 6920: 6878: 6848: 6599: 6575: 6389: 6373: 6365: 6238: 6082: 4087: 4016: 3803: 2833: 2577: 2498: 2424: 2388: 2298: 2287: 2279: 2198: 2147: 1852: 1732: 1649: 1442: 1157: 1122: 1107:

In the autumn of 1908 Ben-Gurion returned to Plonsk to be conscripted into the

1032: 1005: 843: 838: 826: 659: 410: 154: 6491: 5983:

Keren, Michael. "Biography and Historiography: The Case of David Ben-Gurion."

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David Ben-Gurion, statement to the Assembly of Palestine Jewry, 2 October 1947

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Bar-Zohar. p. 20. "probably the most profound love he was ever to experience."

1831:

a partial one- he would have stabilized the State of Israel for generations."

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with 75 members. He and Shochat also brokered a settlement to a strike at the

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Law Students David Ben-Gurion (sitting row, third from right) and next to him

903:

where he hoped to enroll in the Warsaw Mechanical-Technical School founded by

58: 8506: 8477: 8311: 8276: 8241: 8206: 8192: 8153: 8111: 8023: 8002: 7981: 7960: 7911: 7823: 7624: 7463: 7421: 7403: 7391: 7343: 7236: 7224: 7200: 7176: 7152: 7068: 7056: 7038: 6932: 6890: 6611: 6593: 6397: 6357: 6317: 6228: 6173: 6163: 6116: 6106: 4999: 4983: 4975: 4695: 4066: 3811: 3046: 2459: 2428: 2396: 2353: 2334: 2190: 2037: 1795: 1583: 1556:, Peres recalls his first meeting with Ben-Gurion as a young activist in the 1466: 1450: 1396: 1392: 1364: 1359: 1283: 1197: 1153: 1138: 1085: 1078: 992: 944: 830: 805: 714: 697:". Following the war, Ben-Gurion served as Israel's first prime minister and 651: 626: 460: 442: 118: 103: 8255: 943:. He travelled with his sweetheart Rachel Nelkin and her mother, as well as 8400: 8375: 8347: 8315: 8262: 8227: 8146: 7995: 7932: 7897: 7767: 7720: 7618: 7606: 7499: 7457: 7439: 7170: 7122: 7116: 6914: 6884: 6872: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6800: 6782: 6695: 6617: 6581: 6569: 6563: 6539: 6429: 6405: 6381: 5107: 5103: 5099: 4661: 4641: 3265: 2861: 2759: 2643:"Feet on the ground" statue of Ben-Gurion by Rafael Maimon at his "hut" in 2601:

has been named in his honour. Ben-Gurion's grave is in the research center.

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began immediately afterwards as numerous Arab nations then invaded Israel.

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Aronson, Shlomo. "David Ben-Gurion and the British Constitutional Model."

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Palestine 1936: The Great Revolt and the Roots of the Middle East Conflict

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Ben-Gurion is said to have been "nearly obsessed" with Israel's obtaining

2080: 788:, 1905. David Grün (David Ben-Gurion) in the first row, third on the right 629:

from 1935, and later president of the Jewish Agency Executive, he was the

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and in 1935 Ben-Gurion became chairman of the executive committee of the

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An Uneasy Relationship: American Jewish Leadership And Israel, 1948–1957

4530: 2341:, with Eshkol as its head. Alignment defeated Rafi in the November 1965 8449: 8368: 8290: 8167: 8076: 8069: 7967: 7816: 7654: 7511: 7481: 7469: 7451: 7242: 7194: 7098: 7086: 6968: 6956: 6866: 6659: 6635: 6461: 6421: 6349: 5633: 5075: 5053: 3339:

Teveth (1987). pp. membership 100, tour & illness 103, recruits 104

2613: 2487: 2416: 2267: 2024:, on the grounds that this was an integral part of a planned strategy. 1994: 1889: 1728: 1221: 1213: 1115: 1023: 913: 860: 507: 436: 5487: 5448:"How a Standoff with the U.S. Almost Blew up Israel's Nuclear Program" 4882: 2718:

House at town square in Płońsk, Poland, where David Ben-Gurion grew up

987:, 7 September 1906, Ben-Gurion set off, on foot, in a group of 14, to 8414: 7939: 7666: 7563: 7373: 7074: 7050: 7044: 6854: 6764: 6036:

March 2011 Ben-Gurion and Tewfik Toubi finally meet (28 October 1966)

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Comrades and Enemies: Arab and Jewish Workers in Palestine, 1906–1948

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David Ben-Gurion's Personal Correspondence and Historical Documents

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David Ben-Gurion, the State of Israel and the Arab World, 1949–1956

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David Ben-Gurion, the State of Israel and the Arab World, 1949–1956

4219:

David Ben-Gurion, the State of Israel and the Arab World, 1949–1956

3656:"Ben-gurion Reveals Suggestion of North Vietnam's Communist Leader" 3029:

Teveth (1987). pp. 35, 36 Shlomo Zemach, Rachel Nelkin + her mother

2221: 2161: 2122:, the airlift of Jews from Arab countries, the construction of the 1660:

Goldmann reported that Ben Gurion had told him in private in 1956:

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Causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus § Planning by Ben-Gurion

1477: 1264: 1093: 681:, which he had helped to write. Under Ben-Gurion's leadership, the 631: 5827:

The War of the Zionist Giants: David Ben-Gurion and Chaim Weizmann

4670:"'Cast thy bread': Israeli biological warfare during the 1948 War" 2213: 1985:. These operations caused typhoid epidemics and mass infections. 705:. A major part of his foreign policy was improving relations with 8484: 5079: 5078:(70). There is no unequivocal proof of a large-scale massacre at 5059: 5019: 5017: 2608:, unveiled in 1986, marks where Ben-Gurion lived in London at 75 2114: 2041: 2000: 1946: 1881: 1864: 1860: 1723: 1481: 1355: 1250: 1238: 1097: 997: 908: 873: 848: 757: 721: 667: 8623:

Members of the Assembly of Representatives (Mandatory Palestine)

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Sacred landscape: the buried history of the Holy Land since 1948

4991: 3582:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 61, 161. 2036:

David Ben-Gurion proclaiming independence beneath a portrait of

732:. Later that year he became prime minister again, following the 713:

in compensation for Nazi confiscation of Jewish property during

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War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy

3605:"Two years of the intifada – A new exodus for the Middle East?" 2283: 2070: 1695: 1687: 1427: 1368: 1339: 1089: 1016: 1004:

On his disembarkation at Jaffa, Ben-Gurion had been spotted by

900: 876:. His father could not afford to enroll Ben-Gurion in Płońsk's 865: 856: 785: 702: 636: 420: 5777:

David Ben-Gurion and the American Alignment for a Jewish State

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One state, two states: resolving the Israel/Palestine conflict

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The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948

979:(sitting row, second from right), İstanbul ("Kushta"), c. 1912 959: 562: 6180: 6153: 5752:"David Ben-Gurion and Golda Meir: from partnership to enmity" 5223: 4431:

Survival of the fittest : An Interview with Benny Morris

4158:. israelidocuments.blogspot.co.il/2015/02/1948.html (Hebrew). 3631:"How David Ben-Gurion stood with Britain in its darkest hour" 2992:

Teveth (1987). pp. revolution 25, Poale Zion 28,31, gunman 30

2624: 2538:, in recognition of his contributions to the State of Israel. 2392: 2368: 2174: 2127: 1951: 1941: 1799: 1706: 1541: 1458: 1454: 1351: 1319: 1311: 1246: 984: 761: 448: 4167: 4165: 1781: 8354: 5091: 1936:(IDF). To that end, Ben-Gurion used a firm hand during the 1523:

Ben Gurion speaking at the cornerstone laying ceremony for

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In 1946, Ben-Gurion and North Vietnam's Politburo chairman

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groups in 35 cities in an attempt to raise a pioneer army,

884:. At the age of 14 he and two friends formed a youth club, 568: 565: 548: 5588:(in Hebrew). Tel Aviv Municipality website. Archived from 930:

Ben-Gurion discussed his hometown in his memoirs, saying:

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A history of Israel: From the rise of Zionism to our time

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Ben-Gurion was at sea, returning from Istanbul, when the

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David Ben-Gurion and the Foundation of Israeli Democracy

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Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953–1960

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Ben-Gurion and the Palestinian Arabs. From Peace to War.

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Ben-Gurion and the Palestinian Arabs. From Peace to War.

2887:"Avotaynu: The International Review of Jewish Genealogy" 2113:

when his Mapai (Labour) party won the largest number of

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saw the uniting of the various Jewish militias into the

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Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire

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Ben-Gurion and the Palestinian Arabs: from peace to war

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Bar-Zohar. has "independence", Lockman, Zachary (1996)

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enthusiast who would do the same posture as the statue.

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During the Second World War, Ben-Gurion encouraged the

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names was common amongst those who remained during the

724:. He returned as minister of defence in 1955 after the 8708:

Signatories of the Israeli Declaration of Independence

5540: 5538: 5436:, (Portland, Ore.: Sussex Academic Press, 2005), p. 44 5282:

The Suez-Sinai Crisis: A Retrospective and Reappraisal

4650:

The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited

4525:. 4. Fall, 1999 (2). Indiana University Press: 64–89. 3836:

The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited

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Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany

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rapid development of the country and its population:

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state with freedom of religion, he promised that the

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Whilst in New York City in 1915, he met Russian-born

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labouring—manuring the citrus groves of Petah Tikva.

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currently living in the area were descendants of pre-

613:; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary 580: 571: 551: 8558:

Emigrants from Congress Poland to the Ottoman Empire

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Moshe Shemesh; Selwyn Illan Troen (5 October 2005).

5156:"Unit 101 (Israel) | Specwar.info ||" 2822:

Germany and Israel: moral debt and national interest

1814: 1503:". He also lived in London for some months in 1941. 1461:. Labor Zionism became the dominant tendency in the 971:

A group portrait of Jewish Ottoman men, among them,

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David Ben-Gurion: Politics and Leadership in Israel

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The Burning Ground. A biography of David Ben-Gurion

5535: 5272: 4463:"Biography: David Ben-Gurion: For the Love of Zion" 3375:

Teveth (1987) pp. court martial 135, 136, demob 144

3221: 3219: 2952: 2950: 2164:, a small commando unit answerable directly to the 1834: 1430:, succeeded in getting Kaplansky's ideas rejected. 1187: 556: 190:

Chairman of the Provisional State Council of Israel

7725:100: The Most Important People of the 20th Century 5911: 5396: 5334: 4809: 4300: 3923:A Personal Memoir, translated by Steve Cox, 1978, 2208: 6746: 5869:A State at Any Cost: The Life of David Ben-Gurion 5858:A State at Any Cost: The Life of David Ben-Gurion 5344:Beyond Guns and Steel: A War Termination Strategy 4200: 4122: 3712:A State at Any Cost: The Life of David Ben-Gurion 3648: 3427:A State at Any Cost: The Life of David Ben-Gurion 3270:A State at Any Cost: The Life of David Ben-Gurion 2866:A State at Any Cost. The Life of David Ben-Gurion 2454:In 1968, when Rafi merged with Mapai to form the 2100: 880:so Ben-Gurion's formal education ended after his 19:"Ben Gurion" redirects here. For other uses, see 8748:British Army personnel who were court-martialled 8504: 5402: 5303: 5246:The International Diplomacy of Israel's Founders 5135: 4601: 4599: 4490:Zionism and the State of Israel: A Moral Inquiry 4049:(in Hebrew). Ben-Gurion Archives. Archived from 3826: 3216: 2947: 2784:Brenner, Michael; Frisch, Shelley (April 2003). 2383:on 5 June. In Jerusalem, there were calls for a 2096:, the Ambassador of Israel to the United States. 1476:, Ben-Gurion instigated a policy of restraint (" 1338:One of Ben-Gurion's companions when he made the 6521: 5501:"The Six Day War – May 1967, one moment before" 5196: 4837: 4331: 4182:Never-Ending Conflict: Israeli Military History 3857: 3771: 2375:after expelling UN peacekeepers and closed the 2345:, establishing Eshkol as the country's leader. 1969:David Ben-Gurion oversaw and approved Israel's 1713:, two Jewish right-wing armed groups, declared 1676: 1636:Ben-Gurion recognised the strong attachment of 1282:In May 1918 Ben-Gurion joined the newly formed 5772:(2 vol.; University of Wisconsin Press, 2005). 5365: 5316:. University Press of Florida. pp. 192–. 5131: 5129: 4771:War in Palestine, 1948: strategy and diplomacy 4605: 4392: 4306: 4239: 4209: 3798:(2). University of California Press: 245–250. 7706: 7548: 7310: 7005: 6732: 6507: 6275: 5309: 4596: 4486: 4361: 4337: 3839:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 597–. 3540:"The apples sometimes fall far from the tree" 2783: 2478:Ben-Gurion working in kibbutz Sde Boker, 1953 2236:Ben-Gurion addressing an election meeting of 1039:During this time Ben-Gurion sent a letter to 770:100 Most Important People of the 20th century 5863:Shatz, Adam, "We Are Conquerors" (review of 5439: 5242: 4480: 4367: 3658:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 8 November 1966 3531: 3419: 3417: 3057:. Originally published in Israel 1977. p. 14 2925: 1410:In 1920 he assisted in the formation of the 8733:Israeli people of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War 5730:David Ben-Gurion and the Jewish Renaissance 5583:"List of Bialik Prize recipients 1933–2004" 5546:Ben-Gurion's political struggles, 1963–1967 5233:, Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 258–9. 5126: 4895: 4889: 4843: 4660: 4433:, Ha'aretz Friday Magazine, 9 January 2004. 4398: 4269: 4245: 4215: 3670: 3075:Teveth (1987). p. population 40, malaria 43 1763:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine 8718:Mandatory Palestine people of World War II 7713: 7699: 7555: 7541: 7317: 7303: 7012: 6998: 6739: 6725: 6514: 6500: 6282: 6268: 6046:Newspaper clippings about David Ben-Gurion 5848:Builder of Israel; the story of Ben-Gurion 5371: 5183:, Syracuse University Press, p. 191, 4573: 4547: 4062: 4060: 3510: 3430:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 466. 2541:In both 1951 and 1971, he was awarded the 1922:101 Squadron, the "First Fighter Squadron" 1767:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 1395:movement. The moderate Poalei Zion formed 1141:. He chose Ben-Gurion after the historic 939:In autumn of 1906 he left Poland to go to 812: 57: 8728:Istanbul University Faculty of Law alumni 5341:Dominic Joseph Caraccilo (January 2011). 4767: 4275: 4144: 3852:blamed for a morally questionable policy. 3537: 3423: 3414: 2838:Ben-Gurion. The Burning Ground. 1886–1948 2348: 2065:had decided to concentrate its forces in 1782:Attitude towards conquering the West Bank 1619: 1544:and intended to be a 'Zionist Lenin'. In 1399:with Ben-Gurion as leader in March 1919. 1298:. He volunteered for the 38th Battalion, 833:parents. His father, Avigdor Grün, was a 5732:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 5498: 4803: 4794: 4646:Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem 4405:. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 174–. 4344:. Yale University Press. pp. 173–. 3961: 3628: 3482:"Amos Ben-Gurion (biographical details)" 3452:"Mary Ben-Gurion (biographical details)" 3444: 3020:Memoirs: David Ben-Gurion (1970), p. 36. 2788:. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 184. 2473: 2469: 2352: 2231: 2220: 2212: 2184: 2079: 2031: 1999:Plan Dalet was a plan worked out by the 1940:, a ship carrying arms purchased by the 1915: 1785: 1518: 1432: 1401: 1379:Zionist leadership between 1919 and 1948 1373:Israel Institute for Biological Research 1324: 1191: 966: 958: 808:winery (front row, 6th from right), 1908 799: 791: 779: 242:21 February 1955 – 26 June 1963 5727: 5632:. European Jewish Press. Archived from 5599: 5575: 5524:Randolph Churchill, Winston Churchill, 5482:37.2 (2001): 131–152, from Abstract at 5170: 4947: 4902:. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 98–. 4083: 4081: 4079: 4057: 3913: 3577: 3312:Teveth (1987). mass deportations p. 117 2623:, part of a riverside promenade of the 2576:An Israeli modification of the British 2497:On 18 November 1973, shortly after the 2294:and was subsequently executed in 1962. 2053:the independence of the State of Israel 2047:On 14 May 1948, on the last day of the 1954:members in the senior ranks led to the 1329:David and Paula Ben-Gurion, 1 June 1918 1121:Later that summer, Ben-Gurion moved to 1029:Jaffa Professional Trade Union Alliance 951:. His voyage was funded by his father. 491: 1917; died 1968) 87:3 November 1955 – 26 June 1963 8658:Members of the 7th Knesset (1969–1974) 8653:Members of the 6th Knesset (1965–1969) 8648:Members of the 5th Knesset (1961–1965) 8643:Members of the 4th Knesset (1959–1961) 8638:Members of the 3rd Knesset (1955–1959) 8633:Members of the 2nd Knesset (1951–1955) 8628:Members of the 1st Knesset (1949–1951) 8568:Leaders of political parties in Israel 8528:20th-century prime ministers of Israel 8505: 5932: 5909: 5890: 5403:Ian J. Bickerton (15 September 2009). 5202: 5121:for the officers who did the massacres 4923: 4850:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 306. 4816:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 366–. 4716: 4548:Kinsolving, Lester (21 January 1970). 4252:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 160. 4222:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 155. 3602: 3504: 2663:Graves of Paula and David Ben-Gurion, 2137: 1911: 1809:After the ten-day campaign during the 1333: 296:14 May 1948 – 26 January 1954 143:17 May 1948 – 7 December 1953 8593:Ashkenazi Jews from Ottoman Palestine 8588:Ashkenazi Jews in Mandatory Palestine 8553:Heads of the Jewish Agency for Israel 7989:Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein 7694: 7536: 7298: 6993: 6720: 6495: 6263: 6250: 6041:David Ben-Gurion personal manuscripts 5627: 5445: 5176: 5062:8 January 2004:"The worst cases were 4374:. Yale University Press. p. 79. 4195:Israeli-Jordanian Dialogue, 1948–1953 4113: 2995: 2800:"1973: Israel's founding father dies" 2027: 1514: 1249:in 1911; it consisted of eulogies to 1225:in small towns with larger events in 1160:announced their intention to move to 596: 6251: 6074:Chairman, Provisional State Council 5950:Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 5406:The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A History 5136:David Ben-Gurion (17 January 1955). 4875: 4761: 4654: 4550:"An Interview with David Ben Gurion" 4197:, Sussex Academic Press, 2004, p. 2. 4076: 4034:Ben-Gurion and the Palestinian Arabs 4021:Ben-Gurion and the Palestinian Arabs 3757:"Secrets of Ben-Gurion's Leadership" 2562:One of Israel's major universities, 2530:In 1949, Ben-Gurion was awarded the 1391:leading the centrist faction of the 1322:. He was demobilised in early 1919. 5236: 5117:Ben-Gurion silenced the matter. He 4774:. Psychology Press. pp. 165–. 4341:Ben-Gurion: Father of Modern Israel 4307:Uri Bar-Joseph (19 December 2013). 3789: 3777: 3123:Teveth (1987). pp. 39, 47–51, 72–73 3049:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. 2750:List of defense ministers of Israel 1876:Ben-Gurion described himself as an 1871: 1595:Role in 1948 exodus of Palestinians 1088:'s suggestion, Ben-Gurion moved to 679:Israeli Declaration of Independence 593: 13: 8703:Rafi (political party) politicians 5768:Friling, Tuvia, and Ora Cummings. 5696: 4487:Michael Prior (12 November 2012). 4338:Anita Shapira (25 November 2014). 3629:Shindler, Colin (3 October 2019). 3106:. University of California Press. 2564:Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 1474:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 202:14 May 1948 – 16 May 1948 14: 8774: 6000: 5977: 5964:Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 5829:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2018). 4119:Benny Morris (2008), pp. 315–316. 3875:from the original on 4 April 2004 2928:"Ben-Gurion may have been a twin" 2745:List of prime ministers of Israel 2678:Sculpture of David Ben-Gurion at 1531: 955:Ottoman Empire and Constantinople 8738:Ministers of transport of Israel 8723:Solomon Bublick Award recipients 8668:Ministers of education of Israel 8548:General secretaries of Histadrut 7568: 7521: 7329: 7276: 7024: 6978: 6705: 6480: 6294: 5670: 5648: 5621: 5607:"Ben-Gurioin, David (1886–1973)" 5562: 5550: 5518: 5499:Druckman, Yaron (20 June 1995). 5492: 5472: 5458: 5426: 5263: 5148: 5047: 5030: 4941: 4810:Yehoshafat Harkabi (June 1974). 4736: 4717:Aderet, Ofer (14 October 2022). 4710: 4634: 4567: 4541: 4514: 4455: 4436: 4139:The Making of Israeli Militarism 4047:"Ben-Gurion's road to the State" 3603:Morris, Benny (3 October 2002). 2733:where Ben-Gurion lived in London 2723: 2711: 2699: 2687: 2671: 2656: 2636: 2590:which is now a visitors' center. 2557:Ben Gurion International Airport 2549: 2105:After leading Israel during the 2088:in the Oval Office, receiving a 1945:force, he also ordered that the 1835:Religious parties and status quo 1188:Ben-Gurion in America, 1915–1918 541: 522: 8758:Immigrants of the Second Aliyah 8598:Immigrants to Ottoman Palestine 6013:Special Report David Ben-Gurion 5871:, Head of Zeus, 2019, 804 pp., 5798:Journal of Contemporary History 5409:. Reaktion Books. p. 101. 4423: 4282:. Routledge. pp. 406–407. 4187: 4174: 4131: 4097: 4039: 4026: 4010: 3989: 3955: 3934: 3904: 3887: 3783: 3749: 3730: 3698: 3622: 3596: 3571: 3550: 3474: 3424:Tom Segev (24 September 2019). 3405: 3396: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3357:Teveth (1987). pp. 108, 115–117 3351: 3342: 3333: 3324: 3315: 3306: 3283: 3255: 3246: 3237: 3228: 3207: 3198: 3189: 3180: 3171: 3162: 3153: 3144: 3135: 3126: 3117: 3096: 3087: 3078: 3069: 3060: 3032: 3023: 3014: 3011:Vol. 41 No. 20, 24 October 2019 2986: 2977: 2968: 2959: 2938: 2760:List of Bialik Prize recipients 2290:for various offences including 2209:Second tenure as prime minister 1273:Eretz Israel – Past and Present 488: 8673:Ministers of justice of Israel 8663:Ministers of defense of Israel 7866:Unknown Tiananmen Square rebel 6019:"David Ben-Gurion (1886–1973)" 5249:. Cambridge University Press. 4844:Yoav Gelber (1 January 2006). 3759:. Forward.com. 5 December 2011 3538:Beckerman, Gal (29 May 2006). 3384:Teveth (1987). pp. 20,37,43,44 2926:Tsahar Rotem (18 April 2003). 2919: 2910: 2901: 2879: 2851: 2827: 2814: 2792: 2777: 2536:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2462:, which won four seats in the 2435:as part of a peace agreement. 2327:1965 Mapai leadership election 2101:First tenure as prime minister 1571: 784:Poalei Zion's "Ezra" group in 654:parents, he immigrated to the 16:Israeli politician (1886–1973) 1: 7732:Leaders & revolutionaries 7326:Education Ministers of Israel 6748:Transport Ministers of Israel 6027:Shapell Manuscript Foundation 5628:Byron, Joseph (15 May 2010). 4968:10.1080/00263206.2020.1862801 4688:10.1080/00263206.2022.2122448 4576:Ben-Gurion looks at the Bible 4206:Benny Morris (2008), pp. 315. 3865:"Morris in an interview with 2889:. G. Mokotoff. 31 August 2018 2770: 2515:Ben-Gurion Tomb National Park 1988: 1973:poisoning operations against 1772:declared Israeli independence 892:. One biographer writes that 847:in 1896 Avigdor co-founded a 817:David Ben-Gurion was born in 775: 637:Jewish community in Palestine 393:Ben-Gurion Tomb National Park 8563:Jews from the Russian Empire 5914:Ben-Gurion and the Holocaust 4896:Yoav Gelber (January 2006). 4493:. Routledge. pp. 293–. 4171:Benny Morris (2008), p. 318. 4128:Benny Morris (2008), p. 317. 3942:Zionism and the Palestinians 3792:Journal of Palestine Studies 3743:The New York Review of Books 2731:English Heritage blue plaque 2606:English Heritage blue plaque 2597:, near his "hut" in Kibbutz 2371:began massing forces in the 2177:in the then Jordanian-ruled 2134:at the center of the Negev. 1677:Attitude towards the British 1558:No'ar Ha'Oved youth movement 1546:Ben-Gurion: A Political Life 1540:, Ben-Gurion deeply admired 1536:According to his biographer 1383:After the death of theorist 1358:, and although Reform rabbi 899:In 1904 Ben-Gurion moved to 7: 7021:Justice Ministers of Israel 6523:Defense Ministers of Israel 6229:Leader of the National List 6050:20th Century Press Archives 5918:. Harcourt Brace & Co. 5895:. Oxford University Press. 5446:Cohen, Avner (3 May 2019). 5372:Alan Dowty (20 June 2005). 5347:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 113–. 5140:(in Hebrew). Archived from 3738:"This Obstinate Little Man" 3411:Teveth (1987). pp. 125, 146 2738: 2621:7th arrondissement of Paris 2357:Ben-Gurion on the cover of 1815: 1527:building in Jerusalem, 1924 1168:, spending eight months in 21:Ben Gurion (disambiguation) 10: 8779: 8603:Jewish Israeli politicians 7883:Artists & entertainers 5846:St. John, Robert William. 5057:'Survival of the fittest,' 4574:Ben-Gurion, David (1972). 4313:. Routledge. p. 115. 4276:David Tal (24 June 2004). 3820:10.1525/jps.2012.XLI.2.245 3804:10.1525/jps.2012.xli.2.245 3330:Teveth (1985). pp. 25, 26. 3321:Segev (2019). pp. 116, 117 3084:Segev (2019). p. hunger 64 2593:A desert research center, 2580:was named after Ben-Gurion 2555:Israel's largest airport, 2333:, while Mapai merged with 2141: 1992: 1742:Jewish Resistance Movement 1630:My Talks with Arab Leaders 1598: 1575: 1463:World Zionist Organization 1310:, though he remained in a 1245:original was published in 983:Immediately on landing in 919:Russian Revolution of 1905 672:World Zionist Organization 598:[daˈvidbenɡuʁˈjon] 25: 18: 8678:National List politicians 8573:Israeli political writers 8538:Prime ministers of Israel 8339: 8185:Scientists & thinkers 8184: 8033: 7882: 7731: 7578: 7519: 7339: 7285: 7274: 7034: 6976: 6754: 6703: 6529: 6478: 6304: 6291:Prime Ministers of Israel 6257: 6235: 6226: 6220: 6212: 6203: 6197: 6187: 6178: 6170: 6160: 6151: 6145: 6140: 6130: 6121: 6113: 6103: 6094: 6089: 6079: 6072: 6066: 6061: 5532:, BBC radio, 12 July 1967 5378:. Polity. pp. 102–. 5138:"Importance of the Negev" 4156:Israel state archive blog 3999:Oxford University Press. 3746:, 4 November 2021. p. 45. 3717:Farrar, Straus and Giroux 3560:Oxford University Press. 3132:Lockman (1996). pp. 46–47 2974:Teveth (1987). pp. 28, 30 2897:– via Google Books. 2559:, is named in his honour. 2524: 2385:national unity government 2109:, Ben-Gurion was elected 2008:According to the Israeli 1628:, published in 1931, and 530: 518: 506: 498: 470: 429: 398: 388: 371: 343: 338: 334: 324: 312: 300: 289: 279: 267: 246: 235: 228: 218: 206: 195: 188: 178: 166: 147: 136: 124: 112: 91: 80: 72: 68: 56: 47: 44: 37: 8763:Royal Fusiliers soldiers 8583:Jewish Agency for Israel 6141:Party political offices 6124:Prime Minister of Israel 6097:Prime Minister of Israel 6021:Jewish Agency for Israel 5933:Teveth, Shabtai (1997). 5910:Teveth, Shabtai (1996). 5891:Teveth, Shabtai (1985). 5784:Settler Colonial Studies 5728:Aronson, Shlomo (2011). 5285:. Routledge. p. 5. 5042:A Soldier with the Arabs 4813:Arab Attitudes to Israel 4563:– via Google News. 3962:Goldmann, Nahum (1978). 3517:. Lulu.com. p. 26. 3366:Segev (2019) pp. 132–134 3168:Teveth (1987). pp. 51–55 2944:Teveth (1987). pp. 12–13 2907:Segev (2019). pp. 20, 21 2786:Zionism: A Brief History 2755:Jewish Agency for Israel 2501:, Ben-Gurion suffered a 2255:Egyptian-Czech arms deal 2111:Prime Minister of Israel 1979:Operation Cast Thy Bread 1920:David Ben-Gurion visits 1754:King David Hotel bombing 1591:intended by Ben-Gurion. 1453:joined forces to create 1422:, a veteran leader from 75:Prime Minister of Israel 45: 8753:Jewish Legion personnel 8693:Jewish Israeli atheists 5839:Sachar, Howard Morley. 5814:(Schocken Pub., 2011) 5559:(1 December 1973 issue) 5557:The Evening Independent 5074:(hundreds) and perhaps 3995:Teveth, Shabtai (1985) 3678:"Israel Was Everything" 3556:Teveth, Shabtai (1985) 3264:(2018–2019 translation 2860:(2018–2019 translation 2292:crimes against humanity 1261:New York Public Library 813:Childhood and education 728:and the resignation of 594:דָּוִד בֶּן־גּוּרִיּוֹן 48:דָּוִד בֶּן־גּוּרִיּוֹן 28:David Gruen (economist) 8683:Poale Zion politicians 8613:Jewish Israeli writers 7796:Martin Luther King Jr. 6009:on the Knesset website 5957:Middle Eastern Studies 5882:London Review of Books 5834:Middle Eastern Studies 5480:Middle Eastern Studies 5310:Isaac Alteras (1993). 5209:. Norton. p. 91. 5070:(100–110), Lod (250), 4951:Middle Eastern Studies 4932:. By Dominique Vidal. 4675:Middle Eastern Studies 3578:Kessler, Oren (2023). 3141:Bar-Zohar (1978). p.17 3008:London Review of Books 2802:. BBC. 1 December 1973 2479: 2364: 2349:Later political career 2315: 2245: 2229: 2228:and Ben-Gurion in 1961 2218: 2195:Operation Olive Leaves 2124:National Water Carrier 2120:Operation Magic Carpet 2097: 2051:, Ben-Gurion declared 2044: 1925: 1806: 1790:David Ben-Gurion with 1667: 1647: 1620:Attitude towards Arabs 1617: 1578:1937 Ben-Gurion letter 1528: 1438: 1407: 1330: 1201: 1067:World Zionist Congress 980: 964: 963:Portrait of Ben-Gurion 937: 809: 804:Ben-Gurion working at 797: 789: 742:Arab guerrilla attacks 8688:Polish Ashkenazi Jews 8034:Builders & titans 7838:Franklin D. Roosevelt 5966:13.2 (2019): 223–237. 5959:47.6 (2011): 845–861. 5952:10.3 (2010): 391–412. 5836:51.5 (2015): 742–766. 5765:26.2 (2020): 174–182. 5757:registration required 5724:15.2 (2009): 114–134. 5714:3.2 (1998): 193–214. 5707:18.4 (2012): 526–545. 5678:"BANKNOTE COLLECTION" 5656:"BANKNOTE COLLECTION" 5528:, 1967 p. 199 citing 5243:John Quigley (2016). 5044:, London 1957, p. 200 4935:Le Monde diplomatique 4443:The Status Quo Letter 4368:Benny Morris (2009). 4108:A History of the Jews 3348:Teveth (1987). p. 107 2682:, named in his honour 2570:, is named after him. 2532:Solomon Bublick Award 2477: 2470:Final years and death 2427:from Jordan, and the 2356: 2310: 2235: 2224: 2216: 2185:Acting prime minister 2107:1948 Arab–Israeli War 2083: 2035: 1950:reduce the number of 1934:Israel Defense Forces 1930:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1919: 1880:person who developed 1804:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1789: 1776:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1698:to volunteer for the 1662: 1642: 1612: 1522: 1497:historic house museum 1436: 1405: 1328: 1195: 970: 962: 932: 803: 795: 783: 711:reparations agreement 687:Israel Defense Forces 683:1948 Arab–Israeli War 621:as well as its first 8175:Thomas J. Watson Jr. 5937:. Schoken, Tel Aviv. 5850:, (Doubleday, 1961) 5800:27.1 (1992): 89–127. 5595:on 17 December 2007. 5269:Vital (2001), p. 182 5203:Shlaim, Avi (1999). 5144:on 23 February 2007. 4960:Taylor & Francis 4884:Plan Daleth (Plan D) 4620:10.1353/is.1999.0016 4448:16 July 2011 at the 4399:Zaki Shalom (2002). 4246:Zaki Shalom (2002). 4216:Zaki Shalom (2002). 4053:on 15 February 2006. 3635:The Jewish Chronicle 3159:Teveth (1987). p. 48 3066:Teveth (1987). p. 40 2840:. Houghton Mifflin. 2665:Midreshet Ben-Gurion 2595:Midreshet Ben-Gurion 2519:Midreshet Ben-Gurion 2507:Sheba Medical Center 2503:cerebral haemorrhage 2154:Palestinian fedayeen 2152:During this period, 2040:, founder of modern 1849:status quo agreement 1626:We and Our Neighbors 1296:Windsor, Nova Scotia 1084:In October 1907, on 691:expulsion and flight 8323:Ludwig Wittgenstein 8270:John Maynard Keynes 8042:Stephen Bechtel Sr. 5793:(Indiana UP, 2021). 5786:10.1 (2020): 74–93. 5779:(Indiana UP, 1991). 5177:Ganin, Zvi (2005), 4554:The Free Lance-Star 3295:30 May 2011 at the 3003:"We Are Conquerors" 2965:Segev (2019). p. 23 2956:Teveth (1987) p. 14 2916:Teveth (1987). p. 3 2647:. Ben-Gurion was a 2627:is named after him. 2610:Warrington Crescent 2545:for Jewish thought. 2505:, and was taken to 2171:reprisal operations 2144:Reprisal operations 2138:Reprisal operations 2005:Mandatory Palestine 1912:Military leadership 1886:Yeshayahu Leibowitz 1566:1947 partition plan 1334:Marriage and family 1182:Istanbul University 738:reprisal operations 699:minister of defence 664:Mandatory Palestine 513:Istanbul University 416:Mandatory Palestine 230:Minister of Defense 8713:Writers on Zionism 8533:People from Płońsk 8443:Emmeline Pankhurst 8362:Lady Diana Spencer 8340:Heroes & icons 8126:Charles E. Merrill 7845:Theodore Roosevelt 6062:Political offices 5973:(Routledge, 2013). 5807:7.1 (1986): 77–96. 5805:Studies in Zionism 5609:. English Heritage 5098:, Arab al Muwasi, 5023:Mêrôn Benveniśtî, 4768:David Tal (2004). 4748:english.aawsat.com 4666:Kedar, Benjamin Z. 4180:Mordechai Bar-On, 4092:Terror out of Zion 4071:Anonymous Soldiers 3965:The Jewish Paradox 3921:The Jewish Paradox 3683:The New York Times 3544:The Jerusalem Post 3462:on 4 November 2012 3243:Teveth (1989) p.73 3150:Negev (2019). p.73 3039:Bar-Zohar, Michael 2680:Ben Gurion Airport 2480: 2365: 2251:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2249:Egypt's President 2246: 2230: 2219: 2217:Ben-Gurion in 1959 2098: 2045: 2028:Founding of Israel 2010:Yehoshafat Harkabi 1971:biological warfare 1956:"Generals' Revolt" 1926: 1851:with the Orthodox 1807: 1605:Israeli historian 1529: 1515:Views and opinions 1499:in Tel Aviv, the " 1439: 1408: 1331: 1308:Palestine Campaign 1202: 1196:Ben-Gurion in his 1045:The Jewish Fighter 981: 965: 825:—then part of the 810: 798: 790: 736:. He led Israel's 63:Ben-Gurion in 1960 8618:Mapai politicians 8608:Jewish socialists 8578:Darülfünun alumni 8543:Burials in Israel 8500: 8499: 8494: 8493: 8422:Charles Lindbergh 8355:The American G.I. 8249:Robert H. Goddard 8235:Alexander Fleming 7859:Margaret Thatcher 7831:Eleanor Roosevelt 7789:Ruhollah Khomeini 7782:Pope John Paul II 7761:Mikhail Gorbachev 7747:Winston Churchill 7688: 7687: 7530: 7529: 7292: 7291: 6987: 6986: 6714: 6713: 6489: 6488: 6245: 6244: 6236:Succeeded by 6213:Succeeded by 6188:Succeeded by 6161:Succeeded by 6131:Succeeded by 6104:Succeeded by 6080:Succeeded by 5987:(2000): 332–351. 5969:Zweig, Ronald W. 5925:978-0-15-100237-5 5902:978-0-19-503562-9 5877:978 1 78954 462 6 5820:978-0-8052-4282-9 5739:978-0-521-19748-9 5488:10.1080/714004392 5416:978-1-86189-527-1 5385:978-0-7456-3202-5 5354:978-0-313-39149-1 5323:978-0-8130-1205-6 5292:978-1-135-77863-7 5256:978-1-107-13873-5 5216:978-0-393-04816-2 5190:978-0-8156-3051-7 5158:. En.specwar.info 4909:978-1-84519-075-0 4857:978-1-84519-075-0 4823:978-0-470-35203-8 4781:978-0-203-49954-2 4500:978-1-134-62877-3 4412:978-1-902210-21-6 4381:978-0-300-12281-7 4351:978-0-300-18273-6 4320:978-1-135-17010-3 4289:978-1-135-77513-1 4259:978-1-902210-21-6 4229:978-1-902210-21-6 4137:Uri Ben-Eliezer, 4032:S. Teveth, 1985, 4005:978-0-19-503562-9 3950:978-0-85664-499-3 3931:, pp. 98, 99, 100 3929:978-0-448-15166-3 3899:978-0-7146-5011-1 3869:, 8 January 2004" 3846:978-0-521-00967-6 3725:978-1-429-95184-5 3589:978-1-5381-4880-8 3566:978-0-19-503562-9 3524:978-0-557-77886-7 3492:on 31 August 2018 3437:978-1-4299-5184-5 3278:978-1-78954-463-3 3234:Segev pp.101, 103 3112:978-0-520-20419-5 3055:978-0-297-77401-3 2874:978-1-78954-463-3 2846:978-0-395-35409-4 2317:Ben-Gurion chose 2166:IDF General Staff 2014:UN Partition Plan 1696:Jewish population 1638:Palestinian Arabs 1143:Joseph ben Gurion 1059:Central Committee 947:his comrade from 905:Hipolit Wawelberg 703:Jewish immigrants 625:. As head of the 534: 533: 8770: 8698:Israeli atheists 8513:David Ben-Gurion 8487: 8480: 8473: 8466: 8459: 8452: 8445: 8438: 8431: 8424: 8417: 8410: 8403: 8396: 8385: 8378: 8371: 8364: 8357: 8350: 8332: 8325: 8318: 8307: 8300: 8298:William Shockley 8293: 8286: 8279: 8272: 8265: 8258: 8251: 8244: 8237: 8230: 8223: 8221:Philo Farnsworth 8216: 8209: 8202: 8195: 8177: 8170: 8163: 8156: 8149: 8142: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8114: 8107: 8100: 8093: 8086: 8079: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8044: 8026: 8019: 8012: 8010:Steven Spielberg 8005: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7977: 7970: 7963: 7956: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7928: 7921: 7914: 7907: 7900: 7893: 7875: 7868: 7861: 7854: 7847: 7840: 7833: 7826: 7819: 7812: 7805: 7798: 7791: 7784: 7777: 7770: 7763: 7756: 7749: 7742: 7740:David Ben-Gurion 7715: 7708: 7701: 7692: 7691: 7573: 7572: 7557: 7550: 7543: 7534: 7533: 7525: 7334: 7333: 7319: 7312: 7305: 7296: 7295: 7280: 7029: 7028: 7014: 7007: 7000: 6991: 6990: 6982: 6741: 6734: 6727: 6718: 6717: 6709: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6493: 6492: 6484: 6473: 6465: 6457: 6449: 6441: 6433: 6425: 6417: 6409: 6401: 6393: 6385: 6377: 6369: 6361: 6353: 6345: 6337: 6329: 6321: 6313: 6299: 6298: 6284: 6277: 6270: 6261: 6260: 6252:David Ben-Gurion 6248: 6247: 6221:Preceded by 6198:Preceded by 6171:Preceded by 6146:Preceded by 6114:Preceded by 6067:Preceded by 6059: 6058: 6007:David Ben-Gurion 5945:(Yale UP, 2014). 5941:Shapira, Anita. 5938: 5929: 5917: 5906: 5760: 5743: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5587: 5579: 5573: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5533: 5530:The World at One 5522: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5496: 5490: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5468:. 29 April 2019. 5462: 5456: 5455: 5443: 5437: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5375:Israel/Palestine 5369: 5363: 5362: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5240: 5234: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5133: 5124: 5066:(70–80 killed), 5051: 5045: 5038:John Bagot Glubb 5034: 5028: 5021: 5012: 5011: 4945: 4939: 4938:. December 1997. 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4893: 4887: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4866: 4864: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4658: 4652: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4603: 4594: 4593: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4459: 4453: 4440: 4434: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4213: 4207: 4204: 4198: 4191: 4185: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4160: 4159: 4148: 4142: 4135: 4129: 4126: 4120: 4117: 4111: 4101: 4095: 4085: 4074: 4064: 4055: 4054: 4043: 4037: 4030: 4024: 4014: 4008: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3959: 3953: 3938: 3932: 3919:Nahum Goldmann, 3917: 3911: 3908: 3902: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3753: 3747: 3734: 3728: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3575: 3569: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3511:Pradeep Thakur. 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3488:. 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Truman 2084:U.S. President 2049:British Mandate 2030: 1997: 1991: 1966:of Ben-Gurion. 1961:As head of the 1938:Altalena Affair 1914: 1892:and ate pork. 1874: 1837: 1816:bechiya ledorot 1784: 1679: 1622: 1603: 1597: 1588:Peel Commission 1580: 1574: 1534: 1517: 1486:Peel Commission 1389:Berl Katznelson 1381: 1336: 1304:Chaytor's Force 1300:Royal Fusiliers 1290:and trained at 1206:First World War 1190: 1055:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 1053:The arrival of 1047: 977:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 957: 890:Kishinev pogrom 835:pokątny doradca 823:Congress Poland 815: 778: 695:founding father 689:(IDF), and the 648:Congress Poland 646:, then part of 619:State of Israel 602: 601: 582: 555: 544: 540: 494: 486: 482: 479: 466: 430:Political party 425: 406:Congress Poland 380: 376: 375:1 December 1973 365:Congress Poland 359: 358:16 October 1886 353: 351: 350: 349: 325: 313: 301: 295: 290: 280: 268: 263: 247: 241: 236: 219: 207: 201: 196: 179: 167: 162: 159:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 142: 137: 125: 113: 108: 99:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 86: 81: 64: 52: 46: 40: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8776: 8766: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8460: 8453: 8446: 8439: 8436:Marilyn Monroe 8432: 8425: 8418: 8411: 8408:Kennedy family 8404: 8397: 8394:Tenzing Norgay 8390:Edmund Hillary 8386: 8379: 8372: 8365: 8358: 8351: 8343: 8341: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8333: 8326: 8319: 8308: 8301: 8294: 8287: 8280: 8273: 8266: 8259: 8252: 8245: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8217: 8210: 8203: 8196: 8188: 8186: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8178: 8171: 8164: 8157: 8150: 8143: 8140:Walter Reuther 8136: 8129: 8122: 8119:Louis B. Mayer 8115: 8108: 8105:William Levitt 8101: 8094: 8087: 8080: 8073: 8066: 8059: 8056:Willis Carrier 8052: 8045: 8037: 8035: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8020: 8013: 8006: 7999: 7992: 7985: 7978: 7971: 7964: 7957: 7950: 7943: 7936: 7929: 7922: 7915: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7876: 7869: 7862: 7855: 7848: 7841: 7834: 7827: 7820: 7813: 7810:Nelson Mandela 7806: 7803:Vladimir Lenin 7799: 7792: 7785: 7778: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7754:Mahatma Gandhi 7750: 7743: 7735: 7733: 7729: 7728: 7718: 7717: 7710: 7703: 7695: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7676: 7670: 7664: 7658: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7560: 7559: 7552: 7545: 7537: 7528: 7527: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7509: 7503: 7497: 7491: 7485: 7479: 7473: 7467: 7461: 7455: 7449: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7389: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7322: 7321: 7314: 7307: 7299: 7290: 7289: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7270: 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6322: 6314: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6287: 6286: 6279: 6272: 6264: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6243: 6242: 6239:Yigael Hurvitz 6237: 6234: 6225: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6206:Leader of Rafi 6202: 6199: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6186: 6177: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6159: 6150: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6129: 6120: 6115: 6111: 6110: 6105: 6102: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6083:Chaim Weizmann 6081: 6078: 6071: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6022: 6016: 6010: 6002: 6001:External links 5999: 5997: 5996: 5979: 5978:Historiography 5976: 5975: 5974: 5967: 5960: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5930: 5924: 5907: 5901: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5854: 5844: 5843:(Knopf, 2007). 5837: 5830: 5823: 5808: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5763:Israel Affairs 5748: 5745: 5738: 5725: 5722:Israel Affairs 5718: 5712:Israel Studies 5708: 5705:Israel Affairs 5700: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5669: 5647: 5620: 5598: 5574: 5561: 5549: 5544:Shalom, Zaki: 5534: 5517: 5491: 5471: 5457: 5438: 5425: 5415: 5395: 5384: 5364: 5353: 5333: 5322: 5302: 5291: 5271: 5262: 5255: 5235: 5229:Benny Morris, 5222: 5215: 5195: 5189: 5169: 5147: 5125: 5046: 5029: 5013: 4940: 4922: 4908: 4888: 4874: 4856: 4836: 4822: 4802: 4795:Benny Morris. 4787: 4780: 4760: 4735: 4709: 4682:(5): 752–776. 4653: 4633: 4608:Israel Studies 4595: 4588: 4566: 4540: 4523:Israel Studies 4513: 4499: 4479: 4454: 4435: 4422: 4411: 4391: 4380: 4360: 4350: 4330: 4319: 4299: 4288: 4268: 4258: 4238: 4228: 4208: 4199: 4186: 4173: 4161: 4143: 4130: 4121: 4112: 4096: 4075: 4067:Hoffman, Bruce 4056: 4038: 4025: 4017:Shabtai Teveth 4009: 3988: 3974: 3954: 3940:Simha Flapan, 3933: 3912: 3903: 3886: 3856: 3845: 3825: 3782: 3770: 3748: 3736:Assaf Sharon, 3729: 3697: 3686:. 21 June 1987 3669: 3647: 3621: 3595: 3588: 3570: 3549: 3530: 3523: 3503: 3473: 3443: 3436: 3413: 3404: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3305: 3303:4, Winter 2006 3282: 3254: 3245: 3236: 3227: 3215: 3206: 3197: 3195:Bar Zohar p.22 3188: 3179: 3170: 3161: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3125: 3116: 3114:has "autonomy" 3095: 3086: 3077: 3068: 3059: 3031: 3022: 3013: 2994: 2985: 2976: 2967: 2958: 2946: 2937: 2918: 2909: 2900: 2878: 2850: 2826: 2813: 2791: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2729: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2686: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2668: 2662: 2655: 2653: 2642: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2617: 2602: 2591: 2581: 2578:Centurion Tank 2574: 2571: 2560: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2539: 2526: 2523: 2499:Yom Kippur War 2471: 2468: 2425:East Jerusalem 2389:Menachem Begin 2350: 2347: 2280:Adolf Eichmann 2210: 2207: 2199:Sea of Galilee 2186: 2183: 2148:Qibya massacre 2139: 2136: 2102: 2099: 2029: 2026: 1993:Main article: 1990: 1987: 1958:in June 1948. 1913: 1910: 1873: 1870: 1853:Agudat Yisrael 1836: 1833: 1783: 1780: 1733:Menachem Begin 1678: 1675: 1650:Nahum Goldmann 1621: 1618: 1599:Main article: 1596: 1593: 1576:Main article: 1573: 1570: 1533: 1532:Leninist views 1530: 1516: 1513: 1443:Hapoel Hatzair 1380: 1377: 1335: 1332: 1269:Roman conquest 1189: 1186: 1158:Israel Shochat 1123:Zichron Yaakov 1041:Yiddish Kemfer 1033:Rishon Le Zion 1006:Israel Shochat 956: 953: 844:Der Judenstaat 839:Theodore Herzl 827:Russian Empire 814: 811: 777: 774: 734:1955 elections 660:Ottoman Empire 658:region of the 635:leader of the 623:prime minister 532: 531: 528: 527: 520: 516: 515: 510: 504: 503: 500: 496: 495: 484: 480: 475: 474: 472: 468: 467: 465: 464: 458: 452: 446: 440: 433: 431: 427: 426: 424: 423: 418: 413: 411:Ottoman Empire 408: 402: 400: 396: 395: 390: 386: 385: 379:(aged 87) 373: 369: 368: 347: 345: 341: 340: 336: 335: 332: 331: 328: 322: 321: 316: 310: 309: 304: 302:Prime Minister 298: 297: 287: 286: 283: 277: 276: 271: 265: 264: 262: 261: 256: 252: 250: 248:Prime Minister 244: 243: 233: 232: 226: 225: 224:Chaim Weizmann 222: 216: 215: 210: 204: 203: 193: 192: 186: 185: 182: 176: 175: 170: 164: 163: 161: 160: 157: 155:Chaim Weizmann 151: 149: 145: 144: 134: 133: 128: 122: 121: 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Banknote.ws 5679: 5673: 5658:. Banknote.ws 5657: 5651: 5635: 5631: 5624: 5608: 5602: 5591: 5584: 5578: 5571: 5565: 5558: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5521: 5506: 5502: 5495: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5475: 5467: 5461: 5453: 5449: 5442: 5435: 5432:Zaki Shalom, 5429: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5408: 5407: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5368: 5361: 5356: 5350: 5346: 5345: 5337: 5330: 5325: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5306: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5275: 5266: 5258: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5239: 5232: 5226: 5218: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5206:The Iron Wall 5199: 5192: 5186: 5182: 5181: 5173: 5157: 5151: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5130: 5122: 5120: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5050: 5043: 5039: 5033: 5026: 5020: 5018: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4944: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4911: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4881:MidEast Web, 4878: 4871: 4859: 4853: 4849: 4848: 4840: 4825: 4819: 4815: 4814: 4806: 4798: 4791: 4783: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4764: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4662:Morris, Benny 4657: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4637: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4602: 4600: 4591: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4555: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4502: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4483: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4439: 4432: 4426: 4419: 4414: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4395: 4388: 4383: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4364: 4357: 4353: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4334: 4327: 4326:comprehensive 4322: 4316: 4312: 4311: 4303: 4296: 4291: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4272: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4242: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4212: 4203: 4196: 4193:Yoav Gelber, 4190: 4183: 4177: 4168: 4166: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4140: 4134: 4125: 4116: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4061: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4035: 4029: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3977: 3975:0-297-77494-8 3971: 3967: 3966: 3958: 3952:, pp. 142–144 3951: 3947: 3943: 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2882: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2820:George Lavy, 2817: 2801: 2795: 2787: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2732: 2726: 2721: 2714: 2709: 2702: 2697: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2674: 2669: 2666: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566:, located in 2565: 2561: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2550:Commemoration 2544: 2540: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2476: 2467: 2465: 2464:1969 election 2461: 2460:National List 2457: 2452: 2448: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2429:Golan Heights 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2398: 2397:Yitzhak Rabin 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2367:In May 1967, 2362: 2361: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2335:Ahdut HaAvoda 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2314: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2227: 2223: 2215: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2191:Moshe Sharett 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2149: 2145: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2043: 2039: 2038:Theodor Herzl 2034: 2025: 2023: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2002: 1996: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1977:civilians in 1976: 1972: 1967: 1964: 1963:Jewish Agency 1959: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1923: 1918: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1842: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1812: 1805: 1802:, during the 1801: 1797: 1796:Yitzhak Rabin 1793: 1788: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1705:In 1944, the 1703: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1689: 1684: 1674: 1672: 1666: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1602: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1584:Jewish Agency 1579: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1526: 1521: 1512: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1467:Jewish Agency 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1451:Ahdut HaAvoda 1449:in 1905) and 1448: 1444: 1435: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1397:Ahdut HaAvoda 1394: 1393:Labor Zionist 1390: 1386: 1376: 1375:, had a son. 1374: 1370: 1366: 1365:Israel Police 1361: 1360:Joachim Prinz 1357: 1353: 1349: 1348:Paula Munweis 1344: 1341: 1327: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1284:Jewish Legion 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1200:uniform, 1918 1199: 1198:Jewish Legion 1194: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1176:due to local 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1139:Second Aliyah 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1112: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086:Shlomo Zemach 1082: 1080: 1079:Rishon Lezion 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1012: 1007: 1002: 999: 994: 993:Second Aliyah 990: 986: 978: 974: 969: 961: 952: 950: 946: 945:Shlomo Zemach 942: 936: 931: 928: 925: 920: 916: 915: 910: 906: 902: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 862: 858: 854: 851:group called 850: 846: 845: 840: 836: 832: 831:Polish Jewish 828: 824: 820: 807: 806:Rishon Lezion 802: 794: 787: 782: 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 718: 716: 715:the Holocaust 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 652:Polish Jewish 649: 645: 640: 638: 634: 633: 628: 627:Jewish Agency 624: 620: 616: 612: 605: 599: 591: 587: 586: 576: 538: 529: 525: 521: 517: 514: 511: 509: 505: 501: 497: 478: 477:Paula Munweis 473: 469: 462: 461:National List 459: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 443:Ahdut HaAvoda 441: 438: 435: 434: 432: 428: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 403: 401: 397: 394: 391: 389:Resting place 387: 383: 374: 370: 366: 362: 346: 342: 337: 333: 329: 323: 320: 317: 311: 308: 305: 299: 293: 288: 284: 278: 275: 272: 266: 260: 257: 255:Moshe Sharett 254: 253: 251: 245: 239: 234: 231: 227: 223: 217: 214: 211: 205: 199: 194: 191: 187: 184:Moshe Sharett 183: 177: 174: 171: 165: 158: 156: 153: 152: 150: 146: 140: 135: 132: 129: 123: 120: 119:Moshe Sharett 117: 111: 105: 104:Zalman Shazar 102: 100: 97: 96: 94: 90: 84: 79: 76: 71: 67: 60: 55: 43: 36: 33: 29: 22: 8401:Helen Keller 8376:Billy Graham 8348:Muhammad Ali 8316:James Watson 8263:Edwin Hubble 8228:Enrico Fermi 8147:Pete Rozelle 8098:Estée Lauder 7996:Bart Simpson 7933:Le Corbusier 7898:Lucille Ball 7768:Adolf Hitler 7739: 7722: 7681:(since 2019) 7588: 7506:Shasha-Biton 7355: 7062: 6776: 6545: 6533: 6325: 6309: 6227: 6204: 6179: 6152: 6122: 6095: 6090: 6073: 5984: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5934: 5913: 5892: 5880: 5868: 5857: 5856:Segev, Tom. 5847: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5790: 5789:Kedar, Nir. 5783: 5776: 5775:Gal, Allon. 5769: 5762: 5729: 5721: 5711: 5704: 5682:. Retrieved 5672: 5660:. Retrieved 5650: 5638:. Retrieved 5634:the original 5623: 5611:. Retrieved 5601: 5590:the original 5577: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5545: 5529: 5525: 5520: 5508:. Retrieved 5504: 5494: 5479: 5474: 5460: 5451: 5441: 5433: 5428: 5420: 5405: 5398: 5389: 5374: 5367: 5358: 5343: 5336: 5327: 5312: 5305: 5296: 5281: 5274: 5265: 5245: 5238: 5230: 5225: 5205: 5198: 5179: 5172: 5160:. Retrieved 5150: 5142:the original 5118: 5116: 5100:Deir al Asad 5049: 5041: 5032: 5024: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4933: 4925: 4913:. Retrieved 4898: 4891: 4883: 4877: 4868: 4861:. Retrieved 4846: 4839: 4827:. Retrieved 4812: 4805: 4796: 4790: 4770: 4763: 4751:. Retrieved 4747: 4738: 4726:. Retrieved 4722: 4712: 4679: 4673: 4656: 4649: 4645: 4642:Benny Morris 4636: 4614:(2): 64–89. 4611: 4607: 4589:0491-00603-9 4575: 4569: 4557:. Retrieved 4553: 4543: 4534: 4522: 4516: 4504:. Retrieved 4489: 4482: 4470:. Retrieved 4466: 4457: 4438: 4430: 4429:Ari Shavit, 4425: 4416: 4401: 4394: 4385: 4370: 4363: 4355: 4340: 4333: 4324: 4309: 4302: 4293: 4278: 4271: 4263: 4248: 4241: 4233: 4218: 4211: 4202: 4194: 4189: 4181: 4176: 4155: 4146: 4138: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4107: 4104:Paul Johnson 4099: 4091: 4070: 4051:the original 4041: 4033: 4028: 4020: 4012: 3996: 3991: 3979:. Retrieved 3964: 3957: 3941: 3936: 3920: 3915: 3906: 3889: 3877:. Retrieved 3866: 3859: 3850: 3835: 3828: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3773: 3761:. Retrieved 3751: 3741: 3732: 3711: 3700: 3688:. Retrieved 3681: 3672: 3660:. Retrieved 3650: 3638:. Retrieved 3634: 3624: 3612:. Retrieved 3609:The Guardian 3608: 3598: 3579: 3573: 3557: 3552: 3543: 3533: 3513: 3506: 3494:. Retrieved 3490:the original 3485: 3476: 3464:. Retrieved 3460:the original 3455: 3446: 3426: 3407: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3371: 3362: 3353: 3344: 3335: 3326: 3317: 3308: 3300: 3285: 3269: 3266:Haim Watzman 3257: 3248: 3239: 3230: 3209: 3200: 3191: 3182: 3173: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3128: 3119: 3103: 3098: 3093:Teveth p. 42 3089: 3080: 3071: 3062: 3042: 3034: 3025: 3016: 3006: 3001:Adam Shatz, 2997: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2961: 2940: 2931: 2921: 2912: 2903: 2891:. Retrieved 2881: 2876:. pp. 24, 25 2865: 2862:Haim Watzman 2853: 2837: 2829: 2824:(1996) p. 45 2821: 2816: 2804:. Retrieved 2794: 2785: 2779: 2543:Bialik Prize 2511:Tel HaShomer 2496: 2481: 2453: 2449: 2445:Teddy Kollek 2437: 2433:Mount Hebron 2423:, including 2402: 2366: 2358: 2323:Lavon Affair 2316: 2311: 2307: 2296: 2277: 2247: 2188: 2158:Ariel Sharon 2151: 2104: 2075:Benny Morris 2060: 2057: 2046: 2018: 1998: 1968: 1960: 1927: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1875: 1845: 1838: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1808: 1759: 1738: 1704: 1700:British Army 1693: 1681:The British 1680: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1655:Simha Flapan 1648: 1643: 1635: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1613: 1607:Benny Morris 1604: 1581: 1562:Gordian knot 1554:David Landau 1550:Shimon Peres 1545: 1535: 1505: 1494: 1471: 1447:A. D. Gordon 1445:(founded by 1440: 1409: 1385:Ber Borochov 1382: 1345: 1337: 1288:British Army 1281: 1276: 1272: 1256:Martin Buber 1234: 1203: 1147: 1120: 1113: 1106: 1083: 1052: 1044: 1040: 1038: 1028: 1014: 1010: 1003: 982: 973:Dar al-Funun 948: 938: 933: 929: 912: 898: 893: 885: 878:beth midrash 872:rather than 859:following a 852: 842: 834: 816: 765: 730:Pinhas Lavon 726:Lavon Affair 719: 707:West Germany 676: 641: 630: 610: 536: 535: 377:(1973-12-01) 330:Pinhas Lavon 326:Succeeded by 318: 306: 291: 281:Succeeded by 274:Pinhas Lavon 258: 237: 220:Succeeded by 212: 197: 180:Succeeded by 172: 138: 126:Succeeded by 82: 32: 8523:1973 deaths 8518:1886 births 8429:Harvey Milk 8383:Che Guevara 8305:Alan Turing 8284:Jean Piaget 8161:Juan Trippe 8133:Akio Morita 8063:Walt Disney 8049:Leo Burnett 7975:James Joyce 7947:T. S. Eliot 7919:Coco Chanel 7905:The Beatles 7873:Lech Wałęsa 7775:Ho Chi Minh 7675:(2013–2019) 7669:(2006–2013) 7663:(1995–2006) 7448:(1999–2000) 7191:* (2004-06) 7173:(1999-2001) 6899:(1999–2000) 6642:Ben-Eliezer 6638:(1999–2001) 6424:(1999–2001) 6191:Levi Eshkol 6134:Levi Eshkol 5640:10 November 5510:9 September 5162:9 September 5104:Majdal Krum 5068:Deir Yassin 4962:: 310–326. 4728:7 September 4580:W. H. Allen 4452:, in Hebrew 3981:30 December 3690:5 September 3662:5 September 3568:. pp. 66–70 3252:Segev p.105 3186:Segev p. 90 2586:in Kibbutz 2490:during the 2440:Moshe Dayan 2411:began with 2409:Six-Day War 2405:Moshe Dayan 2381:Six-Day War 2319:Levi Eshkol 2253:signed the 2242:Hadar Yosef 2062:Arab Legion 1928:During the 1878:irreligious 1792:Yigal Allon 1715:a rebellion 1572:1937 letter 1508:Ho Chi Minh 1472:During the 1424:Poalei Zion 1306:during the 1292:Fort Edward 1227:Minneapolis 1077:, moved to 1063:proletariat 989:Petah Tikva 914:Poalei Zion 882:bar mitzvah 768:magazine's 746:Suez Crisis 463:(from 1968) 457:(1965–1968) 451:(1930–1965) 445:(1919–1930) 439:(1905–1919) 399:Citizenship 314:Preceded by 285:Levi Eshkol 269:Preceded by 208:Preceded by 168:Preceded by 131:Levi Eshkol 114:Preceded by 8507:Categories 8450:Rosa Parks 8369:Anne Frank 8291:Jonas Salk 8256:Kurt Gödel 8168:Sam Walton 8077:Bill Gates 8070:Henry Ford 7968:Jim Henson 7817:Mao Zedong 7673:Nissenkorn 7631:Ben-Aharon 7589:Ben-Gurion 7428:Rubinstein 7356:Ben-Gurion 7249:Nissenkorn 7063:Ben-Gurion 6813:Bar-Yehuda 6807:Ben-Aharon 6777:Ben-Gurion 6546:Ben-Gurion 6534:Ben-Gurion 6326:Ben-Gurion 6310:Ben-Gurion 6233:1968–1970 6210:1965–1968 6185:1955–1963 6158:1948–1954 6128:1955–1963 6101:1948–1954 6091:New office 5943:Ben-Gurion 5812:Ben-Gurion 5613:20 October 5119:covered up 5090:, Saliha, 5076:Abu Shusha 5054:Ari Shavit 4467:vision.org 3402:Segev p.50 3290:Oswego.edu 3280:pp.109–115 3272:. Apollo. 3262:Segev, Tom 3204:Segev p.94 3177:Segev p.87 3043:Ben-Gurion 2868:. Apollo. 2858:Segev, Tom 2771:References 2614:Maida Vale 2488:Suez Canal 2417:Gaza Strip 2268:Suez Canal 2142:See also: 1995:Plan Dalet 1989:Plan Dalet 1890:Yom Kippur 1857:theocratic 1720:Lord Moyne 1222:diphtheria 1214:Poale Zion 1116:Kfar Kanna 1102:Circassian 1024:Ben Shemen 1011:Rostovians 996:he caught 861:stillbirth 776:Early life 709:through a 674:in 1946. 611:David Grün 508:Alma mater 437:Poale Zion 354:1886-10-16 348:David Grün 319:New office 213:New office 173:New office 8415:Bruce Lee 7940:Bob Dylan 7679:Bar-David 7657:(1994–95) 7651:(1992–94) 7649:Haberfeld 7645:(1984–92) 7639:(1973–84) 7633:(1969–73) 7627:(1961–69) 7621:(1956–61) 7615:(1951–56) 7609:(1949–50) 7603:(1944–49) 7597:(1935–44) 7591:(1921–35) 7585:(1920–21) 7564:Histadrut 7508:(2021–22) 7502:(2020–21) 7496:(2019–20) 7490:(2015–19) 7484:(2013–14) 7478:(2009–13) 7472:(2006–09) 7460:(2001–06) 7454:(2000–01) 7442:(1998–99) 7436:(1996–98) 7430:(1993–96) 7418:(1992–93) 7412:(1990–92) 7406:(1984–90) 7400:(1977–84) 7394:(1974–77) 7388:(1969–74) 7382:(1963–69) 7376:(1960–63) 7370:(1955–60) 7364:(1951–55) 7352:(1950–51) 7346:(1949–50) 7263:(2021-22) 7251:(2020-21) 7245:(2019-20) 7239:(2015-19) 7233:(2013-14) 7227:(2009-13) 7221:(2007-09) 7219:Friedmann 7215:(2006-07) 7185:(2003-04) 7179:(2001-03) 7167:(1996-99) 7159:Netanyahu 7149:(1992-96) 7143:(1988-92) 7137:(1986-88) 7125:(1980-86) 7119:(1977-80) 7107:(1974-77) 7101:(1973-74) 7095:(1972-73) 7083:(1966-72) 7077:(1961-66) 7071:(1956-61) 7059:(1952-56) 7047:(1951-52) 7041:(1948-51) 6965:(2021–22) 6959:(2020–21) 6953:(2019–20) 6947:(2009–19) 6941:(2006–09) 6935:(2004–06) 6929:(2003–04) 6927:Lieberman 6923:(2002–03) 6911:(2001–02) 6905:(2000–01) 6897:Mordechai 6893:(1998–99) 6887:(1996–98) 6881:(1992–96) 6875:(1988–92) 6869:(1981–88) 6863:(1979–81) 6857:(1977–78) 6845:(1974–77) 6833:(1970–74) 6827:(1969–70) 6821:(1965–69) 6815:(1962–65) 6809:(1959–62) 6803:(1955–59) 6791:(1952–55) 6773:(1951–52) 6767:(1950–51) 6761:(1948–50) 6692:(2020–22) 6686:(2019–20) 6680:(2018–19) 6678:Netanyahu 6674:(2016–18) 6672:Lieberman 6668:(2013–16) 6662:(2007–13) 6656:(2006–07) 6650:(2002–06) 6644:(2001–02) 6626:(1996–99) 6624:Mordechai 6620:(1995–96) 6614:(1992–95) 6608:(1990–92) 6596:(1984–90) 6590:(1983–84) 6584:(1981–83) 6578:(1980–81) 6572:(1977–80) 6566:(1974–77) 6560:(1967–74) 6554:(1963–67) 6548:(1955–63) 6542:(1954–55) 6536:(1948–54) 6470:Netanyahu 6456:(2021–22) 6448:(2009–21) 6446:Netanyahu 6440:(2006–09) 6432:(2001–06) 6416:(1996–99) 6414:Netanyahu 6408:(1995–96) 6400:(1992–95) 6392:(1986–92) 6384:(1984–86) 6376:(1983–84) 6368:(1977–83) 6360:(1974–77) 6352:(1969–74) 6336:(1963–69) 6328:(1955–63) 6320:(1953–55) 6312:(1948–53) 6223:new party 6200:new party 5985:Biography 5865:Tom Segev 5008:231741621 5000:875122033 4984:0026-3206 4976:1743-7881 4753:28 August 4704:252389726 4696:0026-3206 4640:See e.g. 4628:144777972 4559:31 August 4472:31 August 4110:, p. 523. 4007:. p. 118. 3901:, p. 213. 3812:0377-919X 3727:. p. 182. 3707:Tom Segev 3640:11 August 3614:30 August 3496:31 August 3466:31 August 2893:31 August 2806:31 August 2645:Sde Boker 2599:Sde Boker 2588:Sde Boker 2568:Beersheva 2484:Sde Boker 2456:Alignment 2421:West Bank 2339:Alignment 2303:Holocaust 2240:party in 2179:West Bank 2132:Sde Boker 2094:Abba Eban 2067:Bethlehem 1897:pantheist 1843:in 1935. 1538:Tom Segev 1525:Histadrut 1441:In 1930, 1416:Ein Harod 1412:Histadrut 1231:Galveston 1218:Hechalutz 1210:Jerusalem 1178:Sephardic 1174:Ashkenazi 1075:Kfar Saba 1071:Bar-Giora 941:Palestine 853:Beni Zion 754:Sde Boker 656:Palestine 519:Signature 382:Ramat Gan 292:In office 238:In office 198:In office 148:President 139:In office 92:President 83:In office 8091:Ray Kroc 7601:Sprinzak 7566:leaders 7464:Sheetrit 7257:* (2021) 7209:* (2006) 7203:* (2006) 7201:Sheetrit 7177:Sheetrit 6963:Michaeli 6951:Smotrich 6933:Sheetrit 6015:BBC News 5993:23540133 5684:3 August 5662:3 August 5505:Ynetnews 5096:Eilaboun 5072:Dawayima 5027:, p. 120 4992:65009869 4915:14 April 4829:12 April 4668:(2023). 4531:30245511 4446:Archived 4036:, p. 200 4023:, p. 199 4019:, 1985, 3944:, 1979, 3873:Archived 3778:JPS 2012 3293:Archived 2739:See also 2343:election 2337:to form 2162:Unit 101 1811:1948 war 1478:Havlagah 1316:Sarafand 1265:fellahin 1170:Salonika 1162:Istanbul 1131:adopting 1127:Ha'ahdut 1094:moshavah 642:Born in 632:de facto 499:Children 384:, Israel 8485:Bill W. 7514:(2022–) 7500:Gallant 7488:Bennett 7269:(2022–) 7225:Ne'eman 7165:Hanegbi 7153:Ne'eman 7141:Meridor 7093:Shapira 7081:Shapira 6971:(2022–) 6921:Hanegbi 6891:Yahalom 6843:Yaacobi 6825:Weizman 6698:(2022–) 6696:Gallant 6684:Bennett 6666:Ya'alon 6570:Weizman 6454:Bennett 6318:Sharett 6052:of the 6048:in the 5452:Haaretz 5080:Tantura 5060:Haaretz 4863:13 July 4723:Haaretz 3879:20 July 3867:Haaretz 3041:(1978) 2932:Haaretz 2836:(1987) 2619:In the 2534:of the 2244:in 1965 2226:Kennedy 2115:Knesset 2090:Menorah 2069:and in 2042:Zionism 2001:Haganah 1947:Palmach 1882:atheism 1861:Shabbat 1841:Mizrahi 1798:in the 1724:Haganah 1671:Turkish 1482:Haganah 1356:gentile 1286:of the 1251:Zionist 1239:Yiddish 1166:Turkish 1150:Ben-Zvi 1098:Galilee 1019:Program 998:malaria 909:Tolstoy 874:Yiddish 849:Zionist 760:in the 758:kibbutz 722:Knesset 668:Zionism 617:of the 609:; born 493: 485: 481: 307:Himself 259:Himself 50:‎ 8392:& 8314:& 7661:Peretz 7643:Kessar 7637:Meshel 7625:Becker 7494:Peretz 7466:(2006) 7458:Livnat 7434:Hammer 7424:(1993) 7410:Hammer 7398:Hammer 7392:Yadlin 7358:(1951) 7344:Shazar 7237:Shaked 7207:Olmert 7197:(2006) 7171:Beilin 7161:(1996) 7155:(1996) 7135:Sharir 7131:(1986) 7129:Moda'i 7123:Nissim 7113:(1977) 7089:(1972) 7065:(1956) 7053:(1952) 6917:(2002) 6915:Sharon 6879:Kessar 6873:Katsav 6861:Landau 6851:(1977) 6839:(1974) 6819:Carmel 6801:Carmel 6797:(1955) 6785:(1952) 6783:Serlin 6779:(1952) 6771:Pinkas 6654:Peretz 6632:(1999) 6602:(1990) 6600:Shamir 6582:Sharon 6552:Eshkol 6464:(2022) 6438:Olmert 6430:Sharon 6390:Shamir 6374:Shamir 6334:Eshkol 6148:(none) 6069:(none) 5991: 5922: 5899: 5875: 5852:online 5818: 5736: 5716:online 5413: 5382: 5351: 5320: 5298:Tiran. 5289: 5253: 5213: 5187: 5088:Safsaf 5064:Saliha 5006: 4998: 4990: 4982: 4974: 4906: 4854: 4820: 4778: 4702: 4694: 4644:, the 4626: 4586: 4529: 4506:20 May 4497: 4409: 4378: 4348: 4317: 4286: 4256: 4226: 4094:(1976) 4073:(2015) 4003: 3972: 3948: 3927: 3897: 3843: 3818: 3810: 3763:17 May 3723: 3586: 3564: 3521: 3434: 3276: 3110: 3053: 2872: 2848:. p. 7 2844: 2525:Awards 2284:Mossad 2071:Hebron 1865:kosher 1729:Saison 1688:Yishuv 1428:Yishuv 1340:Aliyah 1277:Yizkor 1271:Jews. 1243:Hebrew 1241:. The 1235:Yizkor 1135:Hebrew 1090:Sejera 1017:Ramleh 901:Warsaw 870:Hebrew 866:heders 857:sepsis 819:Płońsk 786:Plonsk 644:Płońsk 590:Hebrew 585:-ee-ən 471:Spouse 421:Israel 361:Płońsk 7655:Ramon 7619:Lavon 7613:Namir 7607:Lavon 7595:Remez 7583:Zakai 7512:Kisch 7482:Piron 7476:Sa'ar 7470:Tamir 7452:Barak 7446:Sarid 7422:Rabin 7416:Aloni 7404:Navon 7386:Allon 7362:Dinur 7350:Remez 7267:Levin 7261:Sa'ar 7255:Gantz 7243:Ohana 7231:Livni 7213:Livni 7195:Ramon 7189:Livni 7183:Lapid 7147:Libai 7117:Tamir 7111:Begin 7105:Zadok 7075:Yosef 7069:Rosen 7057:Rosen 7045:Yosef 7039:Rosen 6969:Regev 6957:Regev 6939:Mofaz 6867:Corfu 6849:Begin 6837:Yariv 6831:Peres 6789:Sapir 6765:Yosef 6759:Remez 6690:Gantz 6660:Barak 6648:Mofaz 6636:Barak 6630:Arens 6618:Peres 6612:Rabin 6606:Arens 6594:Rabin 6588:Arens 6576:Begin 6564:Peres 6558:Dayan 6540:Lavon 6462:Lapid 6422:Barak 6406:Peres 6398:Rabin 6382:Peres 6366:Begin 6358:Rabin 6342:Allon 5989:JSTOR 5593:(PDF) 5586:(PDF) 5110:. In 5086:: at 5004:S2CID 4972:eISSN 4958:(2). 4700:S2CID 4624:S2CID 4527:JSTOR 4387:dream 3816:JSTOR 2625:Seine 2616:, W9. 2393:Mapai 2369:Egypt 2288:trial 2175:Qibya 2128:Negev 1952:Mapam 1942:Irgun 1901:Hotam 1800:Negev 1707:Irgun 1542:Lenin 1459:Mapam 1455:Mapai 1369:Greek 1352:Jaffa 1320:Jaffa 1312:Cairo 1247:Jaffa 1154:Manya 985:Jaffa 829:, to 762:Negev 650:, to 487:( 483: 449:Mapai 8457:Pelé 7723:Time 7667:Eini 7440:Levy 7380:Aran 7374:Eban 7368:Aran 7099:Meir 7087:Meir 7051:Cohn 6945:Katz 6909:Sneh 6885:Levy 6855:Amit 6795:Aran 6350:Meir 5920:ISBN 5897:ISBN 5873:ISBN 5816:ISBN 5734:ISBN 5686:2012 5664:2012 5642:2011 5615:2012 5512:2012 5411:ISBN 5380:ISBN 5349:ISBN 5318:ISBN 5287:ISBN 5251:ISBN 5211:ISBN 5185:ISBN 5164:2012 5108:Sasa 5092:Jish 5036:Sir 4996:OCLC 4988:LCCN 4980:ISSN 4917:2011 4904:ISBN 4865:2013 4852:ISBN 4831:2011 4818:ISBN 4776:ISBN 4755:2024 4730:2024 4692:ISSN 4648:and 4584:ISBN 4561:2018 4508:2013 4495:ISBN 4474:2018 4407:ISBN 4376:ISBN 4346:ISBN 4315:ISBN 4284:ISBN 4254:ISBN 4224:ISBN 4001:ISBN 3983:2023 3970:ISBN 3946:ISBN 3925:ISBN 3895:ISBN 3881:2007 3841:ISBN 3808:ISSN 3765:2015 3721:ISBN 3692:2015 3664:2015 3642:2022 3616:2010 3584:ISBN 3562:ISBN 3519:ISBN 3498:2018 3468:2018 3432:ISBN 3274:ISBN 3108:ISBN 3051:ISBN 2895:2018 2870:ISBN 2842:ISBN 2808:2018 2649:yoga 2360:Time 2331:Rafi 2273:UNEF 2238:Rafi 2146:and 1983:Acre 1794:and 1711:Lehi 1709:and 1552:and 1229:and 1156:and 1109:army 1015:The 949:Ezra 924:Bund 894:Ezra 886:Ezra 766:Time 756:, a 583:GOOR 581:ben 455:Rafi 372:Died 344:Born 73:1st 6054:ZBW 5879:), 5484:doi 4964:doi 4684:doi 4616:doi 3800:doi 2604:An 2521:. 2517:at 2509:in 2003:in 1548:by 1294:in 1259:in 1237:in 1133:of 841:'s 821:in 752:in 740:to 563:ʊər 8509:: 5867:, 5761:. 5537:^ 5503:. 5450:. 5419:. 5388:. 5357:. 5326:. 5295:. 5128:^ 5123:." 5106:, 5102:, 5094:, 5040:, 5016:^ 5002:. 4994:. 4986:. 4978:. 4970:. 4956:57 4954:. 4867:. 4746:. 4721:. 4698:. 4690:. 4680:59 4678:. 4672:. 4664:; 4622:. 4610:. 4598:^ 4578:. 4552:. 4533:. 4465:. 4415:. 4384:. 4354:. 4323:. 4292:. 4262:. 4232:. 4164:^ 4154:. 4106:, 4090:: 4078:^ 4069:: 4059:^ 3871:. 3849:. 3814:. 3806:. 3796:41 3794:. 3740:, 3719:, 3715:, 3709:, 3680:. 3633:. 3607:. 3542:. 3484:. 3454:. 3416:^ 3268:) 3218:^ 3005:, 2949:^ 2930:. 2864:) 2612:, 2494:. 2466:. 1418:, 1152:, 1145:. 1043:(" 772:. 717:. 592:: 588:; 489:m. 363:, 7714:e 7707:t 7700:v 7556:e 7549:t 7542:v 7318:e 7311:t 7304:v 7013:e 7006:t 6999:v 6740:e 6733:t 6726:v 6515:e 6508:t 6501:v 6283:e 6276:t 6269:v 5995:. 5928:. 5905:. 5822:. 5759:) 5755:( 5744:. 5742:. 5688:. 5666:. 5644:. 5617:. 5568:" 5514:. 5486:: 5454:. 5259:. 5219:. 5166:. 5010:. 4966:: 4919:. 4833:. 4799:. 4784:. 4757:. 4732:. 4706:. 4686:: 4630:. 4618:: 4612:4 4592:. 4510:. 4476:. 3985:. 3883:. 3822:. 3802:: 3780:. 3767:. 3694:. 3666:. 3644:. 3618:. 3592:. 3546:. 3527:. 3500:. 3470:. 3440:. 2934:. 2810:. 2271:( 1924:. 1048:" 575:/ 572:n 569:ə 566:i 560:ɡ 557:ˈ 552:n 549:ɛ 546:b 543:/ 539:( 502:3 356:) 352:( 30:. 23:.

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