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business partners had to read each one to ensure that they were all exactly the same, and that human error or tiredness had not introduced an error into one copy. The process was time consuming and frustrating for all. The stencil copy method meant that only one copy had to be read, as all copies were mechanically identical.
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Gestetner allegedly perceived the idea of the duplicating method after an ink-spill accident whilst vending kites in
Chicago. After a pot of ink spilled over a pile of kites, he found that the same ink pattern remained throughout the pile. This inspired him to find a way to replicate the process for
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During the ensuing years he further developed his invention, with the stencil eventually being placed on a screen wrapped around a pair of revolving drums, onto which ink was placed. The drums were revolved and ink, spread evenly across the surface of the screen by a pair of cloth-covered rollers,
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Until this time, any "short copy runs" which were needed for the conduct of a business (e.g., for the production of 10–50 copies of contracts, agreements, or letters) had to be copied by hand. (If more were needed, the document would have to go to the printers.) After the run had been copied,
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The stencil duplicator provided individuals with a means to produce their own uncensored and uncontrolled ideas and distribute them in public places (near factories, churches, government offices, parks etc.). Previously, producing mass numbers of copies required the co-operation of owners of
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On 12 March 2011 a Blue Plaque was placed on
Gestetner's home at 124 Highbury New Park. It was presented by Gestetner's grandson, Jonathan, and great-great grandchildren Harry Gestetner, aged 11, and Henrietta Hodgson, 13, accompanied by various relatives and descendants.
303:, and from him to his sons, David and Jonathan. Gestetner acquired other companies during the years: Nashua (later changed to Nashuatec), Rex Rotary, Hanimex and Savin. Eventually a holding company was set up called NRG (N=Nashuatec, R= Rex Rotary, G= Gestetner).
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was forced through the cuts made in the stencil and transferred onto a sheet of paper which was fed through the duplicator and pressed by pressure rollers against the lower drum. Each complete rotation of the screen fed and printed one sheet. After the first
275:, and employed tens of thousands of people until the 1990s. His invention became an overnight international success, and he soon established an international chain of branches that sold and serviced his products.
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was invented, a stencil was created which could be typed on, thus creating copies similar to printed newspapers and books, instead of handwritten material.
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A History of the County of
Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham
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that left a broken line through the stencil – breaking the paper and removing the wax covering. Ink was forced through the stencil – originally by an
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The
Gestetner Company expanded quickly during the start and middle of the 20th century. Management was passed on to David Gestetner's son,
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252:– and it left its impression on a white sheet of paper below. This was repeated again and again until sufficient copies were produced.
267:. He also invented other notable devices such as the nail-clipper and a type of ball-point pen. The Gestetner works opened in 1906 at
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314:. The company was renamed NRG Group, and markets and services Ricoh products under its three main brand names, primarily in Europe,
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that allowed production of numerous copies of documents quickly and inexpensively. He also invented a new kind of
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The devoutly Jewish David
Gestetner left Hungary to work in Vienna in the 1870s, where he began work at the
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to produce his inventions and went on to achieve great commercial success.
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The stencil method used a thin sheet of paper coated with wax (originally
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408:(editors), A.P. Baggs, Diane K. Bolton, Eileen P. Scarff, G.C. Tyack,
164:(31 March 1854 – 8 March 1939) was the inventor of the
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and the Middle East, but also through dealers throughout the world.
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In 1996, the international
Gestetner Company was acquired by the
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paper was used), which was written upon with a special
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381:"The real star of the Office gets a blue plaque"
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544:British people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
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422:, 1976. Date accessed: 15 November 2007.
222:commercial use. Gestetner then moved to
42:David Gestetner outside his home at 124
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438:, Thoemmes Continuum (for life dates).
436:Biographical Dictionary of Management
218:, making kites out of Chinese paper.
524:People from Győr-Moson-Sopron County
442:"Before Copies", Graphic Com Central
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259:David Gestetner eventually moved to
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449:The Origin of Stencil Duplicating
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539:Immigrants to the United Kingdom
457:Dictionary of National Biography
379:Elgot, Jessica (17 March 2011).
534:Immigrants to the United States
529:Emigrants from Austria-Hungary
509:Inventors from Austria-Hungary
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194:was placed on his home at 124
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494:20th-century Hungarian people
484:19th-century Hungarian people
451:, Hutchinson of London, 1972.
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179:. Gestetner was awarded the
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489:19th-century British people
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224:London, United Kingdom
185:The Franklin Institute
88:London, United Kingdom
171:, the first piece of
385:The Jewish Chronicle
236:Gestetner Cyclograph
46:, London, circa 1905
504:Hungarian inventors
190:On 12 March 2011 a
554:People from Csorna
447:Proudfoot, W. B.,
169:stencil duplicator
119:Sidonie Gestetner
102:stencil duplicator
63:Kingdom of Hungary
519:Economy of Vienna
514:British inventors
347:Sigmund Gestetner
301:Sigmund Gestetner
234:See main article
196:Highbury New Park
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142:Scientific career
121:Sigmund Gestetner
44:Highbury New Park
16:Austrian inventor
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294:printing presses
181:John Scott Medal
173:office equipment
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388:. Retrieved
357:Nail clipper
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316:South Africa
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273:north London
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200:north London
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177:nail clipper
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110:nail clipper
77:8 March 1939
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479:1939 deaths
474:1854 births
352:Photocopier
322:Blue Plaque
310:company of
192:Blue Plaque
135:Blue Plaque
106:photocopier
468:Categories
406:R. B. Pugh
363:References
337:Duplicator
281:typewriter
250:ink roller
230:The device
206:Early life
81:1939-03-09
342:Gestetner
187:in 1888.
166:Gestetner
98:Gestetner
331:See also
151:Inventor
116:Children
455:Oxford
430:Sources
390:17 July
265:patents
216:Chicago
79: (
261:London
246:stylus
148:Fields
127:Awards
59:Csorna
312:Japan
308:Ricoh
392:2018
242:kite
74:Died
52:Born
198:in
183:by
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371:^
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