David I. Walsh - Knowledge

764: 1062:, the laudable restraint of the rest of the press, the details of the FBI's report, and the Senate's affirmation of Walsh's "unsullied" reputation. He declined to insert the FBI report in the Congressional Record, he said, "because it contains disgusting and unprintable things". Without addressing Walsh's sexuality, he said the report contained no evidence that Walsh ever "visited a 'house of degradation' to connive or to consort with, or to converse with, or to conspire with anyone who is the enemy of the United States". He denied the charges related to espionage. He provided no specifics about the sexual activity at issue and said the details of the charges were "too loathsome to mention in the Senate or in any group of ladies and gentlemen". The press conflated the charges in a similar way. For example, 33: 841:

Constitution, struck down that law and released from jeopardy an American citizen whose only offense was that he was a victim of war hysteria. I wonder if young men would have had the courage to do it. Another was an outburst during the Ku Klux Klan hysteria. A State Legislature and the Governor approved a law, supported by an initiative vote of the people, denying a parent the right to send his child to a religious school of his choosing. An independent judiciary, the United States Supreme Court, nine old men, struck down that law and proclaimed that it is an unalienable right under the Constitution for a parent to bring up his children and educate them as he may choose.

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it ... I speak in the name of the large, tolerant and superb non-Catholic citizenship of my state. I speak also in the name of the forty percent of soldiers and sailors in the last war who were Roman Catholics. I speak not less confidently in the name of the nearly twenty million Roman Catholics in these United States; and I say that the sons of my Church are loyal and true, on this issue, not less than every other, always and at all times loyal and devoted to our country, its institutions and its high aims and objects.

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the relief of the Democrats. The contretemps gave Walsh an opportunity to define his position, that he was no isolationist because he favored the war and seeing the war through to total victory. He also believed the troops should return home quickly, allowing only that some may be required to perform "police duties in enemy territory", and the reserves demobilized. He hoped for a "democratic peace ... free from the influences of political expediency which compromises with imperialism and surrenders to power politics".

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dandified. He wears silk shirts in bright colors and stripes and, often, stiff collars to match. His feet are small and well-shod. Beneath his habitual derby hat his hair is turning thin and grey. Society is his prime diversion. Of secondary interest are motoring, sporting events, the theatre. In Washington he occupies an expensive suite of rooms at the luxurious Carlton Hotel on 16th Street. A good and frequent host himself, he accepts all invitations out, is one of the most lionized Senators in Washington.

4080: 836:, Walsh argued his position in terms of the separation of powers, judicial independence, and the proper role of the executive. He described the public's reaction as "a state of fear, of apprehension, of bewilderment, of real grief, as a result of the proposal to impair, if not indeed to destroy, the judicial independence of the Supreme Court". He also emphasized the role of the Court in protecting civil liberties, citing two examples: 1124:

exposure and hired a team led by Daniel Doran to conduct an investigation into Walsh's behavior and the Post's own reporting. Doran learned that Walsh had been in attendance at the Senate in Washington at the same times he was alleged to have been visiting the gay brothel. "Not a single item of legal evidence has been obtained," Doran reported back to the Post, which never amended or corrected its reporting.

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depths ... I do not want our forces deprived of one gun, or one bomb, or one ship which can aid that American boy whom you and I may some day have to draft. I want every instrument. I want every bomb. I want every plane. I want every boat ready and available. So I can say when and if it becomes necessary to draft him: "Young man, you have every possible weapon of defense your Government can give you."

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world, or those only who have been fortunate enough to have been born in an environment of ease and luxury. To this class of men no argument on the initiative and referendum can be addressed with any confidence of success. Consciously or unconsciously, they are recreant to the principles upon which this republic was founded.

989:, which had long favored U.S. involvement in the European conflict, implicated Walsh in a sensational sex and spy scandal uncovered at a Brooklyn male brothel for U.S. Navy personnel that had been infiltrated by Nazi spies. The charges went unreported by the rest of the press, but word of mouth made it, according to 1172:

Walsh was raised a Roman Catholic and throughout his life identified himself as a Catholic and practiced his religion both in public and in private. An altar boy as a youth, in his adult years he regularly attended retreats and participated in meetings of Catholic laymen. Senate colleagues recognized

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to establish peacetime conscription for the first time in U.S. history, Walsh offered an amendment, which failed to pass, that would have delayed the law's effective date until war was declared. In June 1940, he authored an amendment to the naval appropriations bill, sometimes called the Walsh Act of

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I say it is too risky, too dangerous, to try to determine how far we can go tapping the resources of our own Government and furnishing naval vessels, air planes, powder and bombs. It is trampling on dangerous ground. It is moving toward the edge of a precipice—a precipice of stupendous and horrifying

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Walsh won reelection in 1928, 1934 and 1940, failing in his final bid for reelection in 1946. During his Senate service, Walsh held the posts of chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor (73rd and 74th Congresses) and of the Committee on Naval Affairs (74th-77th and 79th Congresses). In 1932,

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said that "Impartial Senate observers rate him thus: A good practical politician, a legislator above the average. His political philosophy is liberal and humane, except on economic matters (the tariff) which affect the New England industry, when he turns conservative. His floor attendance is regular,

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by name in the party platform: "We ask you to cut out of the body politic with the sharpest instrument at your command this malignant growth which, injected, means the destruction of everything which has made America immortal. If you can denounce Republicanism, you can denounce Ku Kluxism. If you can

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referred to Walsh as an "isolationist", a characterization Walsh resented. On November 2, just five days before the election, the President called Walsh at his home in Clinton, Massachusetts, and invited him to join the presidential party in Worcester, Massachusetts. Walsh accepted the invitation to

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agenda. In 1936, when some Democrats looked for an alternative presidential candidate, he supported Roosevelt, "although their relations are none too good". A newspaper reported that "He is not of the insurgent type ... At heart, observers say, he dissents from many of the policies of the New

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1940, which permitted "surplus military equipment" to be sold only if it was certified as useless for American defense. To aid Great Britain, the administration evaded the Walsh provision by substituting leases for sales and by trading equipment for bases. In 1941, when the administration used the

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He offered voters an alternative to boss-dominated politics, expressing a "forthright espousal of government responsibility for social welfare". Walsh proposed increased government responsibility for charity work and the care of the insane and reorganized the state's management of these areas with

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in reply had repeated its charges. It concluded its coverage: "The known facts made only one thing indisputable: either a serious scandal was being hushed up or a really diabolical libel had been perpetrated." In private, the New York Post's publisher became concerned about the newspaper's libel

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first suggested a scandal. Over the course of several weeks it hinted an important person was involved, then named "Senator X", and finally identified Walsh by name. Its sensational treatment of the story detracted from the seriousness of its charges. The Post was not alone in its coyness; before

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one "that goes far beyond the Constitutional powers of the President and one that no other President in our history even presumed to assume. ... The President alone, and on his own initiative, has undertaken to pledge our government, our nation, and the lives of 130,000,000 persons and their

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of Montana proposed a plank for the party platform that read: "We will not participate in foreign wars and we will not send our army or navy or air force to fight in foreign lands outside of the Americas." When the President added the words "except in case of attack", they accepted the change. In

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There are men—and you and I know them—who, though proclaiming their belief in democracy, really are believers in autocracy. There are men within the knowledge of us all who believe in a government of the few, of the college bred class only, of those only who have been successful in the commercial

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A bachelor, he is tall and stout. A double chin tends to get out over his tight-fitting collar. His stomach bulges over his belt. He weighs 200 lbs. or more. Setting-up exercises every other day at a Washington health centre have failed to reduce his girth. He is troubled about it. His dress is

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Walsh's 1924 defeat also marked a turning point in his political philosophy. He had previously endorsed an activist role for government, but after 1924 his rhetoric increasingly attacked the "federal bureaucracy" and "big government". Though he had once advocated in favor of federal child labor

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Who can say when some majority of the moment may attempt to harass a minority? Who dares predict that a future Congress in a time of hysteria may not succumb to the prejudice or passion of the hour ... Without an independent judiciary, I hesitate to even think of denials to minorities of

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and died the following year. A maverick in the Senate who regularly broke with his own party, he was remembered chiefly for his isolationism, as well as his passionate defense of Irish and Catholic interests. Walsh, who never married, was also dogged by accusations of homosexuality during his

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One was the enactment, during the war hysteria, of a law in one of the sovereign States making it a crime to teach a child the German language ... teacher in a German-language school was indicted and convicted ... The United States Supreme Court, nine old men, sworn to uphold the

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I am unworthy to make any defense of the Roman Catholic Church but I want to remind every senator on this floor that everyone of them owes her an everlasting debt of gratitude. For fifteen centuries she alone held aloft the torch of Christianity in the world; she gave her blood to preserve

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to the state constitution, key Progressive-era reforms. He served as a delegate-at-large to the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention in 1917 and 1918 that saw those reforms passed. His speech on behalf of initiative and referendum shows him in the role of populist and reformer:

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report of Barkley's speech said that the FBI reported that "there is not the 'slightest foundation' for charges that Senator Walsh, 69-year-old chairman of the Naval Affairs Committee, visited a 'house of degradation' in Brooklyn and was seen talking to Nazi agents there."

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Without discussing details, Walsh issued a brief statement calling the story "a diabolical lie" and demanding a full investigation. He then conducted his usual Senate business without reference to the charges. An FBI investigation produced no evidence to support the

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Given his poor relationship with the White House, Walsh anticipated that the administration might even support an opponent in a Democratic primary when he next ran for reelection. He faced no such challenge, but was defeated in his 1946 race for reelection by

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his Catholic faith and occasionally baited him by challenging him to defend himself as a partisan of Catholic interests, which Walsh did not hesitate to answer. Once when a senator accused the Catholic Church of attempting to involve the United States in the

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The brothel was located within walking distance of the Brooklyn Navy Yard at 329 Pacific Street and attracted young military men, not all sailors. Clients included a range of New York professional men. The scandal also touched composer and music journalist

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Walsh never married. He and his brother Thomas, who died in 1931, supported their four unmarried sisters, two of whom outlived the Senator. Some biographers and historians believe Walsh to have been homosexual. Writing in the 1960s, former Attorney General

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little opposition. In his 1914 campaign for re-election, he cited as accomplishments an increase in the amounts paid for workman's compensation and improved administration of the state's care for the insane. As governor, Walsh fought unsuccessfully for a

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in 1910, but ran again and won in 1912, becoming the state's first Democratic lieutenant governor in 70 years. He became the first Irish and the first Catholic Governor of Massachusetts in 1914, successfully challenging the incumbent Democratic governor

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As governor he asked the legislature to call a Constitutional Convention without success. When the legislature later called a convention, Walsh won election as a delegate-at-large as part of a slate of candidates who endorsed adding provisions for

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hinted at the subject when he described Walsh in the mid-1930s as "an elderly politician with a soft tread and low, colorless voice ... whose concealed and controlled anxieties not altogether centered on retaining his job." According to

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reported that some commented on the contrast between his political populism and his luxurious life style. The profile noted he was a "gruff and bull-voiced debater" but that "in private conversation his voice is soft and controlled." In sum,

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would "make secure and assured the rights of every single nation in the world except Ireland." In general, he felt that the Treaty failed to adequately provide for the right to self-determination, which had been articulated in Wilson's

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The brothel's owner and several others arrested in a police raid identified Walsh to the police as "Doc", a regular client, whose visits ended just before police surveillance began. Some furnished intimate physical details.

650:, serving his first term from March 4, 1919, to March 3, 1925. He was the first Irish Catholic senator from Massachusetts, and second Massachusetts senator to be elected by popular vote, after the passage of the 996:

The scandal was complex in that it implicated the Senator as a homosexual, as a patron of a male bordello, and as a possible dupe of enemy agents. Homosexuality was a taboo subject for public discourse, so the

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After the 1940 election in particular, he opposed any action that would compromise American neutrality, first in closed-door hearings of the Naval Affairs Committee, which he headed, and then in attacking the

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candidate who took votes from McCall. McCall successfully reunited the Republicans and the Progressives the next year, and defeated Walsh, in part by supporting Walsh's call for a constitutional convention.

790:, Walsh identified two principal causes of voter dissatisfaction: "the administration's indifference to economic conditions and its failure to recognize the widespread opposition to prohibition". 3054: 5467: 432:, becoming the state's first Democratic lieutenant governor in seventy years. He served as governor from 1914 to 1916 and led a successful effort to call for a state constitutional convention. 1586:, accessed October 30, 2010. Walsh and others who shared his position attacked the Klan largely for its opposition to Catholics and Jews, notably potential Democratic presidential candidate 6426: 6406: 4582: 2586:

Flannagan, John H. “The Disillusionment of a Progressive: U. S. Senator David I. Walsh and the League of Nations Issue, 1918-1920.” The New England Quarterly 41, no. 4 (1968): 483–504.

686:. Walsh also became a vocal critic of Article 10, which would have allowed the League of Nations to make war without a vote by the US Congress. Consequently he was labeled one of the " 5809: 3945: 579:

for the party nomination, and then defeating a divided Republican opposition (and Foss, who ran as an independent) with a comfortable plurality. He served two one-year terms.

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In 1936, Walsh, as head of the Senate Labor Committee, lent his name an administration bill to establish labor standards for employees of government contractors, known as the

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Deal", but "he will stay on the reservation" and "he will avoid an open break". During the campaign, he failed to speak in support of the President until October 20, 1936.

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TO AGREE TO REPORT OF CONFERENCE COMMITTEE ON H.R. 7995, (APP. 5/26/1924, 43 STAT. L. 153), A BILL TO LIMIT THE IMMIGRATION OF ALIENS INTO THE UNITED STATES. (P. 8568-2).

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contended the incident represented a larger effort on the part of a "secret society" that for two years had been trying to discredit him and his fellow isolationists.

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Vidal also said that "The senator from Massachusetts, David Ignatius Walsh, tried to make my father when my father was a West Point cadet." Peabody and Ebersole, 16

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In the 1913 election Walsh won 180,400 votes; Progressive Charles S. Bird, 126,700; Republican Augustus P. Gardner, 116,300; and Independent Eugene Foss, 20,900.

4575: 1145: 651: 447:. He lost his re-election bid in 1924 but returned to the Senate two years later. Walsh became increasingly opposed to an activist government, and supported 6411: 3129: 2701: 5802: 3938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2875: 2871: 1263: 6451: 4568: 2356: 1871: 570:. Walsh's vote to restrict the hours that women and children could work to 58 led to his defeat when he sought another term. He next lost the race for 2011: 1817: 1741: 1665: 725:

campaigned for his opponent, in the November 1926 special election Walsh won the right to complete the remaining two years of Lodge's term, defeating

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magazine noted the special election posed a risk to the Republicans because Walsh had come so close to surviving the Coolidge landslide in 1924.

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Walsh was named, Winchell teased that the mystery man was "one of four Senators with the same last initial...the 23rd letter of the alphabet."

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of July 1940 that increased the size of the U.S. Navy by 70 percent. It included seven battleships, 18 aircraft carriers and 15,000 aircraft.

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Steinberg, 138, calls Walsh "a notorious homosexual who sought companions in the lower ranks of the Naval Academy staff". Randall E. Woods,

1254:", a tribute to his service to the U.S. Navy while in the Senate. Walsh's alma mater, Holy Cross, awards an annual scholarship in his name. 6446: 1408: 5435: 1245: 6431: 943: 608:, a Massachusetts organization founded in 1897 that was particularly active and nearly successful in the decade preceding World War I. 2499: 6461: 6396: 3671: 2831: 2827: 2823: 1291:"How World War II Led to Washington's First Outing: A wild tale of Nazi spies, a Brooklyn brothel and the private life of a senator" 6441: 4929: 4364: 4329: 4324: 3721: 3681: 3665: 3122: 710: 5955: 4229: 3383: 825:

It provided for minimum wages and overtime, safety and sanitation rules, and restrictions on the use of child and convict labor.

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described Walsh as a "more moderate critic" of the administration's attempts to aid Great Britain even as he called the August

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One Cabinet official described his overall relationship to the administration as "not sympathetic ... to put it mildly".

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Walsh returned to the practice of law after leaving office, working with his older brother Thomas in his hometown of Clinton.

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for two terms in 1900 and 1901, elected from a longtime Republican district. From the start of his political career, he was

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Duff, John B. “The Versailles Treaty and the Irish-Americans.” The Journal of American History 55, no. 3 (1968): 582–98.

902: 694: 591:. He also campaigned for film censorship in the state after large protests were mounted against the racial depictions in 519: 456: 1824:, which the Supreme Court held unconstitutional in 1935. Gerard D. Reilly, "Madame Secretary". in Katie Louchheim, ed., 4049: 850:

constitutional guarantees if some of the doctrines preached by groups in this country today should be enacted into law.

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J. Edgar Hoover and the Anti-interventionists: FBI Political Surveillance and the Rise of the Domestic Security State

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Along with four of his colleagues, Walsh condemned antisemitism in Nazi Germany in a Senate speech on June 10, 1933.

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Immediately following the defeat of France, Walsh was the sponsor, along with Representative Vinson, of the

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Augustus Peabody Loring, "A Short Account of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1917–1919", in

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In 1937, he declared himself an opponent of the administration and joined the opposition to FDR's plan to

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Kirchick, James, Secret City: The Hidden History of Gay Washington, Henry Holt & Co., 2022, pgs 55-57

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specific charges against the Senator, though it accumulated much "derogatory information" in its files.

2357:"President Invites Walsh to Join his Party for Meeting in Boston and Senator Accepts". November 3, 1944 1435:

D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation: A History of "The Most Controversial Motion Picture of All Time"

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Philip A. Grant, Jr., "The Michigan Congressional Delegation and the Burke–Wadsworth Act of 1940", in

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The press used these Senate speeches to cover the affair at last. Their treatment varied in tone:

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denounce Bolshevism, you can denounce Ku Kluxism." Walsh was one of nine Senators to oppose the

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Father Coughlin: The Tumultuous Life of the Priest of the Little Flower by Sheldon Marcus, 1973

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Isolationist senators promptly denounced the charges as an attack on their political position.

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Sheldon Spear, "The United States and the Persecution of the Jews in Germany, 1933–1939", in

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His social activities were occasionally noted in the press: his arrival in Newport by yacht,

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that year's election, he out-polled Roosevelt in Massachusetts despite being opposed by the

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published a detailed profile of Walsh and his voting record. It noted that he voted for the

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John Robert Moore, "Senator Josiah W. Bailey and the 'Conservative Manifesto' of 1937", in

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Alan Rogers, "Chinese and the Campaign to Abolish Capital Punishment in Massachusetts", in

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In 1945, demonstrating that his isolationism was not absolute, Walsh voted in favor of the

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lifetime, including a sensationalized scandal in his final term that he privately called "

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that "everyone knew" about Walsh's homosexuality and he had a similar conversation with

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Wayman, 10–1, 16, 21, 49, 66–7, 92–3, 127, 142, 145, 160–1, 174–5, 194–5, 257, 316, 345

2014:, accessed October 30, 2010. The comparison was with the sharper opposition of Senator 1555: 1226: 1058:

in hand, Senator Barkley addressed the Senate at length on the irresponsibility of the

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A bronze statue of him by Joseph Coletti was erected near the Music Oval on Boston's

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During the 1944 presidential race, with FDR seeking a fourth term, his running mate

813:, a longtime friend. Though a Democrat, he gave only reluctant support to President 754:, but said the Senator "votes Wet, drinks Wet". Its more personal description said: 713:, and briefly resumed the practice of law in Boston. Following the death of Senator 6270: 6225: 6125: 6080: 6075: 6045: 6020: 6005: 5960: 5665: 5645: 5623: 5608: 5593: 5548: 5513: 5488: 5291: 5256: 5226: 5211: 5191: 5139: 5104: 5094: 5089: 5079: 4740: 4635: 4615: 4489: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4379: 4359: 4304: 4274: 4239: 4219: 4194: 4064: 3836: 3821: 3806: 3761: 3741: 3624: 3614: 3577: 3545: 3539: 3402: 3294: 3253: 3046: 2764: 1925: 1547: 1234: 1094: 1033: 1029: 935: 627: 555: 421: 377:(November 11, 1872 – June 11, 1947) was an American politician from 361: 352: 225: 6325: 6255: 6165: 6100: 5965: 5915: 5870: 5766: 5703: 5650: 5613: 5538: 5528: 5518: 5369: 5359: 5339: 5301: 5251: 5246: 5236: 5231: 5186: 5176: 5129: 5039: 5024: 4830: 4715: 4650: 4645: 4605: 4499: 4439: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4404: 4339: 4319: 4299: 4264: 4069: 3861: 3851: 3846: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3691: 3686: 3654: 3509: 3419: 3407: 2941: 2737: 2503: 1956:

No Ordinary Times, Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II

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J. David Valaik, "Catholics, Neutrality, and the Spanish Embargo, 1937–1939", in

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Walsh won election to the Senate in 1918, earning a reputation as a supporter of

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The Inauguration of J. Stanley Durkee as President of Howard University ...

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against FDR for the Democratic nomination for president. He objected to Justice

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Trout, 302. The CIO had opposed Walsh from the mid-1930s; Trout, 222–23, 316–17

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in Boston on June 11, 1947. Walsh is buried in St. John's Cemetery in Clinton.

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believed the charge that Walsh was homosexual was true. He told Vice President

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in opposition. His initial objections stemmed from the fact that the proposed

6375: 6300: 6265: 6195: 6190: 6140: 6110: 6095: 6070: 6040: 6025: 5995: 5985: 5980: 5885: 5880: 5850: 5588: 5578: 5563: 5553: 5543: 5533: 5311: 5124: 5069: 5054: 4890: 4855: 4775: 4640: 4524: 4519: 4504: 4374: 4269: 4244: 4177: 4162: 4152: 4054: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4004: 3999: 3984: 3893: 3888: 3871: 3841: 3831: 3816: 3786: 3731: 3634: 3609: 3599: 3571: 3494: 3470: 3425: 3413: 3359: 3347: 3316: 3289: 3284: 3248: 3238: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3188: 3183: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3107: 3074: 2958: 2907: 2860: 2437:(NY: Free Press, 2006), 138, attributes this characterization to Congressman 985: 833: 709:

Walsh failed to win reelection by just 20,000 votes in 1924, the year of the

378: 113: 55: 2614: 2579: 2368:

Philip A. Grant, Jr., "Roosevelt, the Congress, and the United Nations", in

6345: 6320: 6305: 6275: 6235: 6170: 6120: 6115: 6060: 6055: 5990: 5845: 5771: 5736: 5726: 5708: 5241: 5049: 4974: 4895: 4835: 4765: 4730: 4660: 4610: 4549: 4544: 4534: 4344: 4309: 4199: 3989: 3898: 3555: 3528: 3504: 3499: 3482: 3371: 2792: 1174: 1075: 906: 873: 803: 698: 559: 472: 425: 168: 2608:

Improper Bostonians: Lesbian and Gay History from the Puritans to Playland

1015:

mentioned "Brooklyn's spy nest, also known as the swastika swishery." The

467:

that established labor standards for government contractors. Prior to the

6355: 6340: 6310: 6290: 6285: 6260: 6245: 6210: 6105: 5905: 5890: 5756: 5741: 5731: 5698: 5693: 5414: 5404: 5394: 5384: 5334: 5281: 4725: 4394: 4314: 3883: 3751: 3460: 2807: 2747: 2720: 2438: 1475:, vol. 2: The Initiative and Referendum (Boston, 1918), 570–85, quote 572 659: 576: 563: 511:

immigrants. Walsh attended public schools in his birthplace and later in

266: 254: 213: 2057:

Frank Friedel, "FDR vs. Hitler: American Foreign Policy, 1933–1941", in

1780:

F. Lauriston Bullard, "Walsh Casts Lot with Curley Group", March 1, 1936

6280: 6230: 6135: 5761: 5746: 5603: 5568: 5468:

United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions

5419: 5409: 5399: 5389: 5364: 5014: 4900: 4539: 4529: 4514: 4204: 3877: 3515: 3064: 2635:

Public Health and the State: Changing Views in Massachusetts, 1842–1936

2012:

Turner Catledge, "Another Aid Bill is Seen in Capital", August 15, 1941

1914:

Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History

1872:"Text of Senator Walsh's Address Denouncing Court Plan", March 13, 1937 1420:

James J. Kenneally, "Catholicism and Woman Suffrage in Massachusetts",

1193: 1083: 923: 806:

and promoted the appointment of Jews to the judiciary, notably that of

799: 6422:

Democratic Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives

2096:, who was arrested in a raid there on March 14, 1942. Tommasini, 355–6 1559: 1535: 1513:

The American Bar: Contemporary Lawyers of the United States and Canada

909:

for president rather than FDR, he and his fellow isolationist Senator

6200: 5751: 4910: 3866: 2564:. Vol. 14. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 835–837. 2229:

The Most Exclusive Club: A History of the Modern United States Senate

1864:"3 Senators Score Court Plan Here as Peril to Nation", March 13, 1937 1001:

referred to a "house of degradation". At one point a sub-headline in

1666:"Notes of Social Activities in New York and Elsewhere", July 7, 1938 507:, on November 11, 1872, the ninth of ten children. His parents were 5374: 4905: 2227:

Gentry, 287. See also Charles, 87ff; Fleming, 298; Lewis L. Gould,

1587: 1551: 926:

program on the floor of the Senate. He was a leading member of the

880:

and opposed an American alliance with the United Kingdom until the

795: 460: 448: 2539: 2587: 1473:

Debates in the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, 1917–1918

1217:

In his later years he received honorary degrees from Holy Cross,

5817: 2534:"Charles River Esplanade Study Report as amended June 23, 2009" 409: 930:

movement, opposing U.S. involvement in World War II. In 1940,

4590: 2623: United States, James Street Publishing, 2005. 737:

legislation, he became one of its most consistent opponents.

2547:

The New Dealers' War: F.D.R, and the War within World War II

1766:(Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1978), 239n 1206:

Upon his retirement from political office, Walsh resided in

6427:

Members of the 1917 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention

971:

List of federal political sex scandals in the United States

964: 6407:

Democratic Party United States senators from Massachusetts

2044:(NY: Harper & Row, 1963), 303–05; Richard M. Ketchum, 3953: 2694: 2258:

Wayman, 351–8, presents Barkley's speech in its entirety.

1930:

Sam Johnson's Boy: A Close-Up of the President from Texas

1818:

Delbert Clark, "Congress Ends Its Session", June 21, 1936

1590:. For Walsh's support of Negro rights, see his speech at 1119:

reported Barkley's speech exonerating Walsh and that the

717:, the Republicans fought hard to retain his seat. Though 654:. A noted orator, he introduced Irish Republic President 459:. Despite his lukewarm support for President Roosevelt's 2522:, (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1962) 2147:"Gets 5 to 20 Years in Spy-Tinged Case", October 6, 2010 2046:

The Borrowed Years, 1938–1941: America on the Way to War

1764:

Letters of Louis D. Brandeis: 1921–1941: Elder Statesman

673:, joining fellow Massachusetts senator (and Republican) 1903:(Boston: Jewish Advocate Publishing Company, 1922), 62. 1802:

Supreme Power: Franklin Roosevelt vs. the Supreme Court

1719:"Walsh Says Black Won by Deception", September 23, 1937 1177:, Walsh defended the Church at length, saying in part: 1098:: Senator Walsh Story Denounced as Absolute Fabrication 786:

When attacking the Hoover administration following the

652:

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

2341:"Walsh Resentful, Replies to Truman", November 1, 1944 1054:

On May 20, 1942, with a full report from FBI Director

626:

In 1914, Walsh was challenged for the governorship by

876:

He supported American neutrality with respect to the

802:'s failure to disclose his earlier membership in the 2702:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

2560:

Gentile, Richard H (1999). "McCall, Samuel Walker".

2602:

Memories of a Senator: The Honorable David I. Walsh

2529:, (Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 2007) 2306:"How World War II Led to Washington's First Outing" 2059:

Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society

1742:"Ex-Senator Walsh Dies at Age of 74", June 12, 1947 1264:

List of political sex scandals in the United States

420:from 1900 to 1901, establishing a reputation as an 3004:United States Senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts 2966:United States Senator (Class 2) from Massachusetts 2386:"Says Senators ask Jews' Delegation", May 23, 1945 1515:(Minneapolis: James C. Fifield Company, 1918), 285 2441:, a key opponent of Walsh on naval policy issues. 2187: 2185: 2177:"FBI Clears Walsh, Barkley Asserts", May 21, 1942 2042:Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932–1940 6373: 4954:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services 1828:(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983), 171 646:In 1918, Walsh was elected as a Democrat to the 389:before winning election to several terms in the 3099:as Chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee 3137: 2675:Boston, the Great Depression, and the New Deal 2621:Outing the Senator: Sex, Spies, and Videotape. 2182: 1882: 1880: 1826:The Making of the New Deal: The Insiders Speak 750:that increased penalties for the violation of 641: 5803: 5451: 4937: 4576: 3939: 3123: 1804:(NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2010), 456–7; 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1175:Church's battle with the government of Mexico 2139:"Pleads Guilty in Morals Case", May 12, 1942 2078: 2076: 1636:"National Affairs: Lodge", November 17, 1924 1598:(Washington: Howard University, 1919), 26–27 1437:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 146 408:, subsequently entering a legal practice in 146:November 10, 1914 – August 24, 1915 6412:Democratic Party governors of Massachusetts 2684:(Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing Company, 1952) 2637:(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972) 1877: 1762:Melvin I. Urofsky and David W. Levy, eds., 545: 498: 68:December 6, 1926 – January 3, 1947 5810: 5796: 5458: 5444: 4944: 4930: 4583: 4569: 3946: 3932: 3130: 3116: 2168: 2166: 2164: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1487: 1324: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1159: 397:from Massachusetts to fill either office. 246:January 7, 1913 – January 8, 1914 189:January 8, 1914 – January 6, 1916 31: 6452:Politicians from Fitchburg, Massachusetts 4592:United States senators from Massachusetts 2562:Dictionary of American National Biography 2115:, June 1, 1942, accessed December 1, 2009 2073: 1533: 1409:"Gov. Walsh Takes Stump", October 18, 191 562:and opposed America's authority over the 2626:Peabody, Richard and Ebersole, Lucinda, 2595:J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets 2104: 2102: 1317: 1315: 1288: 1163: 892: 762: 530:, where he graduated in 1897. Walsh was 471:, Walsh opposed American involvement in 2630:(University Press of Mississippi, 2005) 2559: 2477:City of Boston, Charles River Esplanade 2303: 2161: 1958:(NY: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 65–66 1724: 1275: 767:Walsh and then incoming junior senator 729:, a friend of Coolidge and head of the 486:Walsh lost his 1946 re-election bid to 428:. In 1912, he won election as the 43rd 6467:Boston University School of Law alumni 6374: 5718:Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 2645:. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing. 939:descendants for generations to come." 872:In the Senate, Walsh was a consistent 697:, he spoke in favor of condemning the 695:Democratic National Convention in 1924 665:Walsh broke with Democratic President 552:Massachusetts House of Representatives 418:Massachusetts House of Representatives 103:March 4, 1919 – March 3, 1925 6417:Lieutenant governors of Massachusetts 6392:People from Leominster, Massachusetts 5791: 5439: 4925: 4564: 3955:Lieutenant governors of Massachusetts 3927: 3111: 2663:(NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999) 2661:Virgil Thomson: Composer on the Aisle 2640: 2099: 1616:Wayman, 153, 159; Melvin I. Urofsky, 1312: 1127: 534:and commenced the practice of law in 2728:Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts 2435:LBJ: Architect of American Authority 572:Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts 234:Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts 2677:(NY: Oxford University Press, 1977) 1239:St. Joseph's College (Philadelphia) 1104:: FBI Clears Walsh, Barkley Asserts 903:1940 Democratic National Convention 457:1932 Democratic National Convention 13: 6447:People from Clinton, Massachusetts 2424:Wayman, 36, 123–4, 193, 322, 344–6 2113:"The Press: The Case of Senator X" 1932:(NY: Macmillan Company, 1968), 138 1448:Journal of American Ethnic History 14: 6478: 6432:20th-century American politicians 2688: 1534:Flannagan, John (December 1968). 1289:Kirchick, James (June 15, 2022). 975:Prostitution in the United States 918:for his anti-New Deal positions. 823:Walsh–Healey Public Contracts Act 783:his powers of persuasion, fair." 566:as part of the settlement of the 6462:College of the Holy Cross alumni 6397:American people of Irish descent 5622: 5148: 4749: 4078: 3262: 2304:Kirchik, James (June 15, 2022). 1651:Rosenkrantz, 139–42, 156–7, 158n 1201:Naval Order of the United States 979:Sodomy laws in the United States 936:commitment FDR made to Churchill 475:and was a leading member of the 385:, he served as the state's 46th 6442:America First Committee members 2682:David I. Walsh: Citizen-Patriot 2540:https://doi.org/10.2307/1891015 2489: 2480: 2471: 2462: 2453: 2444: 2427: 2418: 2409: 2400: 2391: 2375: 2362: 2346: 2330: 2297: 2288: 2279: 2270: 2261: 2252: 2243: 2234: 2221: 2212: 2203: 2194: 2152: 2127: 2118: 2085: 2064: 2051: 2034: 2021: 2001: 1992: 1983: 1970: 1961: 1948: 1935: 1919: 1906: 1889: 1853: 1840: 1831: 1807: 1794: 1785: 1769: 1756: 1747: 1708: 1699: 1679: 1654: 1645: 1623: 1610: 1601: 1573: 1527: 1518: 1505: 1496: 1478: 1466: 1453: 1440: 1427: 1414: 942:When the Senate considered the 860: 538:, in 1897, later practicing in 414:Boston University School of Law 16:American politician (1872–1947) 5820:National Governors Association 3083:Senate Naval Affairs Committee 2783:National Governors Association 2697:"David I. Walsh (id: W000097)" 2633:Rosenkrantz, Barbara Gutmann, 2588:https://doi.org/10.2307/363908 2370:Presidential Studies Quarterly 2061:, 3d ser., v. 99 (1987), 37–39 1398: 1389: 1380: 1377:, vol. 48 (December 1913), 671 1375:The American Review of Reviews 1367: 1358: 1349: 1248:in 1954. It bears the motto: " 1210:, until his death following a 965:"House of Degradation" scandal 832:. Speaking at New York City's 134:National Governors Association 1: 5475:Education/Education and Labor 3914:indicate acting officeholders 2628:Conversations with Gore Vidal 2512: 2141:, accessed November 4, 2010; 2048:(NY: Random House, 1989), 475 1980:(NY: Random House, 2007), 458 1866:, accessed October 30, 2010; 1638:, accessed October 28, 2010. 1005:called it a "Resort". In the 731:Republican National Committee 604:He supported the work of the 2643:Coolidge: An American Enigma 2615:Irish Heritage Trail, Boston 2610:(Boston: Beacon Press, 1998) 2486:Irish Heritage Trail, Boston 2359:, accessed November 22, 2010 2343:, accessed November 22, 2010 2209:Tommasini, 358–9; Tripp, 225 1463:, v. 6 (1933), 89, 14, 54–56 1344:"Letters", November 25, 1929 1168:Memorial for Walsh in Boston 528:Boston University Law School 404:, Walsh was educated at the 7: 6437:American anti-war activists 4961:Military Affairs Committee 2388:, accessed October 30, 2010 2179:, accessed November 4, 2010 2149:, accessed November 4, 2010 1943:Journal of American History 1874:, accessed October 30, 2010 1848:Journal of Southern History 1782:, accessed October 30, 2010 1744:, accessed October 30, 2010 1721:, accessed October 30, 2010 1696:, accessed October 30, 2010 1676:, accessed October 30, 2010 1411:, accessed October 30, 2010 1346:, accessed October 28, 2010 1257: 642:Career in national politics 495:" to his political career. 10: 6483: 3139:Governors of Massachusetts 3055:Senate Education Committee 2619:O'Toole, David. 2285:Tommasini, 361; Tripp, 226 2029:Michigan Historical Review 1800:Trout, 211; Jeff Sheshol, 1422:Catholic Historical Review 968: 589:Massachusetts Constitution 550:Walsh was a member of the 463:agenda, he introduced the 412:after graduating from the 5826: 5717: 5680:Labor and Human Resources 5679: 5631: 5620: 5474: 5326:Armed Services Committee 5325: 5157: 5146: 4960: 4758: 4747: 4598: 4176: 4114: 4087: 4076: 3961: 3907: 3469: 3303: 3271: 3260: 3145: 3089: 3079: 3071: 3061: 3051: 3043: 3033: 3001: 2993: 2983: 2963: 2955: 2948: 2938: 2897: 2889: 2879: 2850: 2845: 2835: 2819:Governor of Massachusetts 2812: 2804: 2799: 2789: 2779: 2771: 2761: 2755:Governor of Massachusetts 2752: 2744: 2734: 2725: 2717: 2712: 2497:"Holy Cross Scholarships" 2040:William E. Leuchtenburg, 1618:Louis D. Brandeis: A Life 1540:The New England Quarterly 830:enlarge the Supreme Court 614:initiative and referendum 606:Anti-Death Penalty League 524:College of the Holy Cross 505:Leominster, Massachusetts 406:College of the Holy Cross 402:Leominster, Massachusetts 368: 349:College of the Holy Cross 344: 334: 317: 311:Leominster, Massachusetts 293: 288: 284: 272: 260: 250: 239: 231: 219: 207: 193: 182: 177:Governor of Massachusetts 174: 162: 150: 139: 131: 119: 107: 96: 84: 72: 61: 49: 45: 30: 23: 6402:American Roman Catholics 5632:Labor and Public Welfare 5158:Naval Affairs Committee 2800:Party political offices 2695:United States Congress. 2231:(Basic Books, 2005), 164 1912:Spencer C. Tucker, ed., 1690:"D.I. Walsh Sees 'Revolt 1269: 1146:San Francisco Conference 905:, where Walsh supported 632:Progressive (Bull Moose) 546:Career in state politics 536:Fitchburg, Massachusetts 499:Early life and education 2670:(NY: McGraw-Hill, 1975) 2597:(NY: W.W. Norton, 1991) 1502:Sobel, pp. 101, 107-109 1246:Charles River Esplanade 1199:He was a member of the 1160:Personal life and death 704:Immigration Act of 1924 477:America First Committee 2641:Sobel, Robert (1998). 2613:Irish Heritage Trail: 1954:Doris Kearns Goodwin, 1916:(ACB-CLIO, 2005), 1541 1208:Clinton, Massachusetts 1184: 1169: 1142:United Nations Charter 898: 891: 882:attack on Pearl Harbor 852: 843: 771: 761: 669:on the subject of the 624: 513:Clinton, Massachusetts 481:United Nations Charter 469:attack on Pearl Harbor 6457:Massachusetts lawyers 3037:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 3021:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 2668:The Homosexual Matrix 2549:(Basic Books, 2001), 2525:Charles, Douglas M., 2502:May 27, 2010, at the 2372:, v. 13 (1983), 281–2 1945:, v. 54 (1967), 78–79 1897:Jewish Social Studies 1822:National Recovery Act 1620:(Pantheon, 2009), 653 1511:James Clark Fifield, 1461:New England Quarterly 1450:, v. 18 (1999), 55–56 1424:, v. 53 (1967), 54–55 1219:Georgetown University 1179: 1167: 1110:: Whitewash for Walsh 1072:Senator Bennett Clark 896: 886: 847: 838: 808:Supreme Court Justice 769:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 766: 756: 727:William Morgan Butler 619: 598:The Birth of a Nation 526:in 1893. He attended 522:in 1890 and from the 518:Walsh graduated from 488:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 453:Franklin D. Roosevelt 393:, becoming the first 328:Boston, Massachusetts 91:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 51:United States Senator 3093:John Chandler Gurney 3029:Leverett Saltonstall 3013:Frederick H. Gillett 2987:Frederick H. Gillett 2659:Tommasini, Anthony, 2604:(Boston, MA?, 1994?) 2468:Wayman, 92, 221, 252 1386:Rosenrantz, 137, 139 1251:non sibi sed patriae 1154:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr 983:On May 7, 1942, the 723:Charles Evans Hughes 671:Treaty of Versailles 648:United States Senate 568:Spanish–American War 445:Treaty of Versailles 391:United States Senate 375:David Ignatius Walsh 298:David Ignatius Walsh 126:Frederick H. Gillett 2839:Frederick Mansfield 2775:Francis E. McGovern 2680:Wayman, Dorothy G. 2673:Trout, Charles H., 2600:Hanify, Edward B., 2311:The Washington Post 1976:Jean Edward Smith, 1694:", November 5, 2010 1395:Rosenkrantz, 140–42 1296:The Washington Post 1212:cerebral hemorrhage 1078:, attorney for the 1026:President Roosevelt 944:Burke–Wadsworth Act 662:on June 29, 1919. 532:admitted to the bar 520:Clinton High School 493:a tragic Gethsemane 430:lieutenant governor 416:. He served in the 157:Francis E. McGovern 3523:Governor's Council 3433:Governor's Council 3354:Governor's Council 3342:Governor's Council 3017:Marcus A. Coolidge 3010:Served alongside: 2972:Served alongside: 2883:Marcus A. Coolidge 2713:Political offices 2520:In Brief Authority 2382:The New York Times 2353:The New York Times 2337:The New York Times 2173:The New York Times 2143:The New York Times 2135:The New York Times 2031:, v. 18 (1992), 73 2008:The New York Times 1868:The New York Times 1860:The New York Times 1850:, v. 31 (1965), 23 1814:The New York Times 1776:The New York Times 1738:The New York Times 1715:The New York Times 1686:The New York Times 1670:The New York Times 1662:The New York Times 1405:The New York Times 1170: 1128:Final Senate years 1102:The New York Times 1064:The New York Times 1003:The New York Times 932:The New York Times 899: 772: 711:Coolidge landslide 503:Walsh was born in 437:Irish independence 381:. A member of the 202:Grafton D. Cushing 39:Harris & Ewing 6369: 6368: 5785: 5784: 5682:(1977–1999) 5634:(1947–1977) 5477:(1869–1947) 5433: 5432: 4919: 4918: 4558: 4557: 3921: 3920: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3090:Succeeded by 3062:Succeeded by 3034:Succeeded by 3008:1926–1947 2997:William M. Butler 2984:Succeeded by 2979:William M. Butler 2975:Henry Cabot Lodge 2970:1919–1925 2939:Succeeded by 2893:William A. Gaston 2880:Succeeded by 2836:Succeeded by 2790:Succeeded by 2762:Succeeded by 2735:Succeeded by 2545:Fleming, Thomas, 2518:Biddle, Francis, 2276:Tommasini, 359–60 2016:Burton K. Wheeler 1901:The Terrible Jews 1592:Howard University 1546:(4483): 483–504. 1231:Boston University 878:Spanish Civil War 748:Jones Act of 1929 715:Henry Cabot Lodge 679:League of Nations 675:Henry Cabot Lodge 587:Amendment to the 372: 371: 358:Boston University 308:November 11, 1872 79:William M. Butler 6474: 5812: 5805: 5798: 5789: 5788: 5626: 5460: 5453: 5446: 5437: 5436: 5152: 4952:Chairmen of the 4946: 4939: 4932: 4923: 4922: 4753: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4562: 4561: 4182: 4120: 4093: 4082: 4081: 3967: 3948: 3941: 3934: 3925: 3924: 3475: 3309: 3277: 3266: 3265: 3151: 3132: 3125: 3118: 3109: 3108: 3096: 3072:Preceded by 3047:Jesse H. Metcalf 3044:Preceded by 2994:Preceded by 2956:Preceded by 2890:Preceded by 2805:Preceded by 2772:Preceded by 2765:Samuel W. McCall 2745:Preceded by 2718:Preceded by 2710: 2709: 2706: 2656: 2583: 2532:City of Boston: 2507: 2493: 2487: 2484: 2478: 2475: 2469: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2416: 2413: 2407: 2404: 2398: 2395: 2389: 2379: 2373: 2366: 2360: 2350: 2344: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2318:on June 18, 2022 2314:. Archived from 2301: 2295: 2292: 2286: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2268: 2265: 2259: 2256: 2250: 2247: 2241: 2238: 2232: 2225: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2207: 2201: 2200:Tommasini, 358–9 2198: 2192: 2189: 2180: 2170: 2159: 2156: 2150: 2133:Tommasini, 360; 2131: 2125: 2122: 2116: 2106: 2097: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2055: 2049: 2038: 2032: 2025: 2019: 2005: 1999: 1998:O'Toole, 123–24. 1996: 1990: 1987: 1981: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1959: 1952: 1946: 1939: 1933: 1926:Alfred Steinberg 1923: 1917: 1910: 1904: 1893: 1887: 1884: 1875: 1857: 1851: 1844: 1838: 1835: 1829: 1811: 1805: 1798: 1792: 1789: 1783: 1773: 1767: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1735: 1722: 1712: 1706: 1703: 1697: 1693: 1683: 1677: 1658: 1652: 1649: 1643: 1627: 1621: 1614: 1608: 1605: 1599: 1577: 1571: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1531: 1525: 1522: 1516: 1509: 1503: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1485: 1484:Sobel, pp. 89–90 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1457: 1451: 1444: 1438: 1431: 1425: 1418: 1412: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1378: 1371: 1365: 1362: 1356: 1353: 1347: 1337: 1322: 1319: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1286: 1235:Canisius College 1156:by a landslide. 1095:The Boston Globe 1050: 1034:Alben W. Barkley 867:Vinson–Walsh Act 628:Samuel W. McCall 585:Women's Suffrage 556:anti-imperialist 465:Walsh-Healey Act 422:anti-imperialist 383:Democratic Party 324: 307: 305: 289:Personal details 275: 263: 244: 226:Samuel W. McCall 222: 210: 187: 165: 153: 144: 122: 110: 101: 87: 75: 66: 35: 21: 20: 6482: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6365: 5822: 5816: 5786: 5781: 5719: 5713: 5681: 5675: 5633: 5627: 5618: 5476: 5470: 5464: 5434: 5429: 5327: 5321: 5159: 5153: 5144: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4920: 4915: 4754: 4745: 4594: 4589: 4559: 4554: 4180: 4179: 4172: 4118: 4117: 4110: 4091: 4090: 4083: 4079: 4074: 3965: 3964: 3957: 3952: 3922: 3917: 3903: 3473: 3472: 3465: 3307: 3306: 3299: 3275: 3274: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3149: 3148: 3141: 3136: 3095: 3086: 3077: 3067: 3058: 3049: 3039: 3009: 3007: 2999: 2989: 2971: 2969: 2961: 2944: 2942:John F. Kennedy 2917: 2910: 2895: 2885: 2870: 2863: 2841: 2822: 2810: 2795: 2786: 2777: 2767: 2758: 2750: 2740: 2738:Edward P. Barry 2731: 2723: 2691: 2653: 2572: 2515: 2510: 2504:Wayback Machine 2494: 2490: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2380: 2376: 2367: 2363: 2351: 2347: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2235: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2183: 2171: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2107: 2100: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2056: 2052: 2039: 2035: 2026: 2022: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1953: 1949: 1940: 1936: 1924: 1920: 1911: 1907: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1878: 1858: 1854: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1812: 1808: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1786: 1774: 1770: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1736: 1725: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1691: 1684: 1680: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1646: 1628: 1624: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1578: 1574: 1564: 1562: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1493:Gentile, p. 386 1492: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1471: 1467: 1458: 1454: 1445: 1441: 1433:Melvyn Stokes, 1432: 1428: 1419: 1415: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1338: 1325: 1320: 1313: 1303: 1301: 1300:. Washington DC 1287: 1276: 1272: 1260: 1162: 1134:Harry S. Truman 1130: 1056:J. Edgar Hoover 1048: 1038:majority leader 1013:Walter Winchell 981: 967: 959:Father Coughlin 957:, published by 863: 688:Irreconcilables 684:Fourteen Points 656:Éamon de Valera 644: 548: 501: 441:strong opponent 356: 335:Political party 326: 322: 309: 303: 301: 300: 299: 279:Edward P. Barry 273: 261: 245: 240: 220: 208: 200: 198:Edward P. Barry 188: 183: 163: 151: 145: 140: 120: 108: 102: 97: 85: 73: 67: 62: 53: 41: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6480: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5818:Chairs of the 5815: 5814: 5807: 5800: 5792: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5723: 5721: 5720:(1999–present) 5715: 5714: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5637: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5480: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5466:Chairs of the 5463: 5462: 5455: 5448: 5440: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5331: 5329: 5328:(1947–present) 5323: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4966: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4949: 4948: 4941: 4934: 4926: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4595: 4588: 4587: 4580: 4573: 4565: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4240:L. Lincoln Jr. 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4186: 4184: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4124: 4122: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4103: 4097: 4095: 4085: 4084: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3959: 3958: 3951: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3928: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3915: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3485: 3479: 3477: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3441: 3436: 3429: 3422: 3417: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3393: 3386: 3381: 3374: 3369: 3362: 3357: 3350: 3345: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3313: 3311: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3281: 3279: 3269: 3268: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3155: 3153: 3143: 3142: 3135: 3134: 3127: 3120: 3112: 3104: 3103: 3091: 3088: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3063: 3060: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3025:Sinclair Weeks 3000: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2982: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2896: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2878: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2834: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2791: 2788: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2760: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2736: 2733: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2690: 2689:External links 2687: 2686: 2685: 2678: 2671: 2664: 2657: 2651: 2638: 2631: 2624: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2598: 2593:Gentry, Curt, 2591: 2584: 2570: 2557: 2543: 2536: 2530: 2523: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2508: 2488: 2479: 2470: 2461: 2452: 2443: 2426: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2390: 2374: 2361: 2345: 2329: 2296: 2287: 2278: 2269: 2260: 2251: 2242: 2233: 2220: 2211: 2202: 2193: 2191:Tommasini, 360 2181: 2160: 2158:Tommasini, 358 2151: 2126: 2117: 2098: 2094:Virgil Thomson 2084: 2072: 2063: 2050: 2033: 2020: 2000: 1991: 1982: 1969: 1960: 1947: 1934: 1918: 1905: 1888: 1876: 1852: 1839: 1830: 1806: 1793: 1784: 1768: 1755: 1746: 1723: 1707: 1698: 1678: 1653: 1644: 1622: 1609: 1600: 1580:New York Times 1572: 1552:10.2307/363908 1526: 1524:Wayman, 108–11 1517: 1504: 1495: 1486: 1477: 1465: 1452: 1439: 1426: 1413: 1397: 1388: 1379: 1366: 1357: 1348: 1323: 1311: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1259: 1256: 1189:Francis Biddle 1161: 1158: 1129: 1126: 1112: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1074:asserted that 966: 963: 954:Social Justice 949:Greer incident 911:Burton Wheeler 862: 859: 845:He continued: 811:Louis Brandeis 788:1930 elections 719:Herbert Hoover 667:Woodrow Wilson 643: 640: 593:D. W. Griffith 547: 544: 509:Irish Catholic 500: 497: 395:Irish Catholic 370: 369: 366: 365: 346: 342: 341: 336: 332: 331: 325:(aged 74) 319: 315: 314: 297: 295: 291: 290: 286: 285: 282: 281: 276: 270: 269: 264: 258: 257: 252: 248: 247: 237: 236: 229: 228: 223: 217: 216: 211: 205: 204: 195: 191: 190: 180: 179: 172: 171: 166: 160: 159: 154: 148: 147: 137: 136: 129: 128: 123: 117: 116: 111: 105: 104: 94: 93: 88: 82: 81: 76: 70: 69: 59: 58: 47: 46: 43: 42: 36: 28: 27: 25:David I. Walsh 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6479: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5825: 5821: 5813: 5808: 5806: 5801: 5799: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5630: 5625: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 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Weeks 2954: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2914: 2909: 2908:Massachusetts 2905: 2901: 2894: 2888: 2884: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2867: 2862: 2861:Massachusetts 2858: 2854: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2809: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2785: 2784: 2781:Chair of the 2776: 2770: 2766: 2757: 2756: 2749: 2743: 2739: 2730: 2729: 2722: 2716: 2711: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2692: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2666:Tripp, C.A., 2665: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2571:9780195206357 2567: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2555:0-465-02465-3 2552: 2548: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2492: 2483: 2474: 2465: 2456: 2447: 2440: 2436: 2430: 2421: 2415:Wayman, 163–4 2412: 2403: 2394: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2371: 2365: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2307: 2300: 2291: 2282: 2273: 2264: 2255: 2246: 2237: 2230: 2224: 2215: 2206: 2197: 2188: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2155: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2130: 2121: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2103: 2095: 2088: 2079: 2077: 2067: 2060: 2054: 2047: 2043: 2037: 2030: 2024: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2004: 1995: 1986: 1979: 1973: 1964: 1957: 1951: 1944: 1938: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1915: 1909: 1902: 1898: 1892: 1883: 1881: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1849: 1843: 1834: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1803: 1797: 1788: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1765: 1759: 1750: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1702: 1695: 1687: 1682: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1657: 1648: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1626: 1619: 1613: 1604: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1584:June 29, 1924 1581: 1576: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1530: 1521: 1514: 1508: 1499: 1490: 1481: 1474: 1469: 1462: 1456: 1449: 1443: 1436: 1430: 1423: 1417: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1392: 1383: 1376: 1370: 1364:Wayman, 44–45 1361: 1355:Wayman, 34–35 1352: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1318: 1316: 1299: 1297: 1292: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1274: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1190: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1166: 1157: 1155: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1135: 1125: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1109: 1108:New York Post 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1080:New York Post 1077: 1073: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1060:New York Post 1057: 1052: 1047: 1046:New York Post 1041: 1039: 1036:, the Senate 1035: 1031: 1030:Henry Wallace 1027: 1021: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1000: 994: 992: 988: 987: 986:New York Post 980: 976: 972: 962: 960: 956: 955: 950: 945: 940: 937: 933: 929: 928:America First 925: 919: 917: 912: 908: 904: 897:Walsh in 1939 895: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 870: 868: 858: 855: 851: 846: 842: 837: 835: 834:Carnegie Hall 831: 826: 824: 819: 816: 812: 809: 805: 801: 797: 794:he supported 791: 789: 784: 781: 776: 770: 765: 760: 755: 753: 749: 745: 744: 738: 734: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 707: 705: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 680: 676: 672: 668: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 639: 636: 633: 629: 623: 618: 615: 609: 607: 602: 600: 599: 594: 590: 586: 580: 578: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 516: 514: 510: 506: 496: 494: 489: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 398: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 379:Massachusetts 376: 367: 363: 359: 354: 350: 347: 343: 340: 337: 333: 329: 321:June 11, 1947 320: 316: 312: 296: 292: 287: 283: 280: 277: 271: 268: 265: 259: 256: 253: 249: 243: 238: 235: 230: 227: 224: 218: 215: 212: 206: 203: 199: 196: 192: 186: 181: 178: 173: 170: 167: 161: 158: 155: 149: 143: 138: 135: 132:Chair of the 130: 127: 124: 118: 115: 114:John W. Weeks 112: 106: 100: 95: 92: 89: 83: 80: 77: 71: 65: 60: 57: 56:Massachusetts 52: 48: 44: 40: 34: 29: 22: 19: 6316:Hickenlooper 5840: 5598: 5316: 4860: 4705: 4399: 4181:(since 1776) 3911: 3876: 3756: 3664: 3587: 3570: 3538: 3521: 3514: 3487: 3474:(since 1776) 3443: 3431: 3424: 3412: 3395: 3388: 3376: 3364: 3352: 3340: 3333: 3321: 3098: 3097: 3080: 3052: 3011: 3002: 2973: 2964: 2904:U.S. Senator 2902:nominee for 2898: 2857:U.S. Senator 2855:nominee for 2851: 2846: 2817:nominee for 2813: 2793:William Spry 2780: 2753: 2726: 2700: 2681: 2674: 2667: 2660: 2642: 2634: 2627: 2620: 2607: 2601: 2594: 2561: 2546: 2526: 2519: 2491: 2482: 2473: 2464: 2455: 2446: 2434: 2429: 2420: 2411: 2402: 2397:Hanify, 26–7 2393: 2381: 2377: 2369: 2364: 2352: 2348: 2336: 2332: 2322:December 27, 2320:. 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Williams 4963:(1816–1947) 4886:Saltonstall 4465:A. Coolidge 4415:C. Coolidge 4390:Frothingham 4235:W. Phillips 4210:S. Phillips 4119:(1692–1776) 4092:(1686–1689) 3966:(1629–1686) 3802:Saltonstall 3660:W. Washburn 3630:E. Washburn 3578:Lincoln Jr. 3540:Lincoln Sr. 3308:(1692–1776) 3276:(1686–1689) 3150:(1629–1686) 2950:U.S. Senate 2808:Eugene Foss 2748:Eugene Foss 2721:Robert Luce 2495:Holy Cross: 2439:Carl Vinson 2267:Wayman, 354 2249:Gentry, 287 2124:Tripp, 224n 2082:Wayman, 312 1886:Biddle, 202 815:Roosevelt's 752:Prohibition 660:Fenway Park 577:Eugene Foss 564:Philippines 267:Robert Luce 262:Preceded by 255:Eugene Foss 214:Eugene Foss 209:Preceded by 152:Preceded by 109:Preceded by 74:Preceded by 6376:Categories 6351:Hutchinson 6271:Napolitano 6256:Kempthorne 6241:Glendening 5931:Vanderbilt 5856:Harrington 5666:Yarborough 5005:Crittenden 4726:E. Kennedy 4716:J. Kennedy 4495:Richardson 4410:G. Cushing 4280:Huntington 4220:L. Lincoln 4195:B. Lincoln 4190:T. Cushing 4158:Hutchinson 4065:Bradstreet 4050:Willoughby 4045:Bellingham 4010:Bellingham 3995:Bellingham 3717:Greenhalge 3456:Hutchinson 3445:Hutchinson 3295:Bradstreet 3254:Bradstreet 3244:Bellingham 3234:Bellingham 3194:Bellingham 3087:1936–1947 3065:Hugo Black 3059:1933–1937 2900:Democratic 2853:Democratic 2815:Democratic 2787:1914–1915 2759:1914–1916 2732:1913–1914 2652:0895264102 2513:References 2459:O'Toole, 8 2240:Tripp, 226 1837:Trout, 225 1791:Trout, 288 1223:Notre Dame 1194:Gore Vidal 1084:Gerald Nye 969:See also: 924:Lend-Lease 800:Hugo Black 339:Democratic 304:1872-11-11 194:Lieutenant 6326:McAuliffe 6226:Voinovich 6166:Alexander 6076:Ellington 6046:Rosellini 6036:McNichols 5767:Alexander 5704:Kassebaum 5509:Patterson 5370:Goldwater 5272:McPherson 5262:McPherson 5222:Fairfield 5177:Pleasants 5120:Wadsworth 4876:Lodge Jr. 4786:Pickering 4711:Lodge Jr. 4696:Lodge Sr. 4520:E. Murphy 4485:McLaughin 4480:R. Murphy 4255:Armstrong 4168:T. Oliver 4163:A. Oliver 4128:Stoughton 4116:Province 4106:Nicholson 4101:Stoughton 4089:Dominion 4035:T. Dudley 4025:T. Dudley 4005:T. Dudley 3985:T. Dudley 3589:Armstrong 3360:J. Dudley 3348:J. Dudley 3335:Stoughton 3329:Bellomont 3323:Stoughton 3305:Province 3285:J. Dudley 3273:Dominion 3224:T. Dudley 3209:T. Dudley 3189:T. Dudley 3169:T. Dudley 740:In 1929, 483:in 1946. 439:and as a 345:Education 242:In office 185:In office 142:In office 99:In office 64:In office 6331:Sandoval 6301:Heineman 6296:Gregoire 6276:Pawlenty 6266:Huckabee 6206:Campbell 6196:Ashcroft 6186:Branstad 6151:Matheson 6146:Snelling 6126:Milliken 6051:Anderson 6021:Stratton 6001:Thornton 5991:Peterson 5966:Hildreth 5961:Caldwell 5886:McMullen 5881:Brewster 5836:McGovern 5737:Jeffords 5727:Jeffords 5709:Jeffords 5689:Williams 5671:Williams 5656:A. Smith 5569:H. Smith 5559:Dolliver 5514:Burnside 5499:Flanagan 5380:Thurmond 5312:Trammell 5197:Southard 5135:Reynolds 5130:Sheppard 5110:Johnston 5085:Walthall 5065:Randolph 4990:Harrison 4881:S. Weeks 4871:Coolidge 4856:J. Weeks 4841:Boutwell 4831:Rockwell 4771:Sedgwick 4686:Washburn 4671:Winthrop 4550:Driscoll 4525:Cellucci 4490:Bellotti 4475:Whittier 4470:Sullivan 4460:Bradford 4435:Youngman 4355:Brackett 4305:Goodrich 4295:Benchley 4285:Plunkett 4250:Winthrop 4153:S. Phips 4070:Danforth 4055:Leverett 4040:Endecott 4030:Endecott 4020:Winthrop 4015:Endecott 4000:Winthrop 3980:Humphrey 3872:Cellucci 3812:Bradford 3767:Coolidge 3707:Brackett 3697:Robinson 3625:Clifford 3620:Boutwell 3534:Sullivan 3426:S. Phips 3414:S. Phips 3317:W. Phips 3249:Leverett 3239:Endecott 3229:Endecott 3219:Endecott 3214:Winthrop 3204:Endecott 3199:Winthrop 3184:Winthrop 3164:Winthrop 3159:Endecott 2580:39182280 2500:Archived 1588:Al Smith 1565:April 4, 1304:June 16, 1298:Magazine 1258:See also 796:Al Smith 595:'s film 461:New Deal 449:Al Smith 400:Born in 387:governor 251:Governor 6336:Bullock 6321:Herbert 6306:Markell 6291:Manchin 6286:Douglas 6281:Rendell 6236:Leavitt 6191:Gardner 6181:Baliles 6171:Clinton 6131:Carroll 6106:Rampton 6086:Hearnes 6026:Collins 6016:Stanley 6011:Langlie 5996:Shivers 5986:Lausche 5981:Carlson 5941:O'Conor 5936:Stassen 5921:Cochran 5901:Pollard 5876:Trinkle 5831:Willson 5777:Sanders 5757:Kennedy 5742:Kennedy 5732:Kennedy 5699:Kennedy 5594:Metcalf 5589:Couzens 5554:Penrose 5549:McComas 5360:Stennis 5355:Russell 5345:Russell 5340:Tydings 5307:F. Hale 5297:Swanson 5292:Tillman 5287:Perkins 5282:E. Hale 5277:Cameron 5267:Cameron 5257:Sargent 5242:J. 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