766:
1260:"Hűlegű demanded that the Georgian King David Ulu support his conquest of Syria and Egypt . Surprisingly, David refused. One might have expected that the Georgian king would have been more than interested in liberating the Holy Land . However, David was not only disinterested in this venture, but also bold enough to refuse Hűlegű’s order. In addition, he sought a revolt, which was suppressed by Arghun Aqa in Southern Georgia in 1260. David Ulu ’s refusal to participate in the Mongol campaign in Syria can be explained by his huge loss of men in the battle for Baghdad."
673:
1348:
Georgian appanage. King David V refused and Tegüder remained stuck there. David Narin sheltered him in
Imereti, but his behavior in Georgia – pillaging villages and caravans and insulting the clergy – provoked the rage of the local population, who urged Abaqa to summon him back. When Tegüder refused (or because he had found out about his plans) Abaqa attacked him, defeating him in 1270, with the help of the Georgian and Armenian troops headed by King David V.
49:
560:. And all this great assembly came with such baggage as befitted a court; and there came also from other directions so many envoys and messengers that two thousand felt tents had been made ready for them: there came also merchants with the rare and precious things that are produced in the East and the West.
1172:
MONGOL-ARMENIAN MILITARY COOPERATION: STAGE I: THE CONQUEST OF THE MIDDLE EAST 11258-1260 (...) The main allies of this campaign were King Het‘um from
Cilicia, the Greater Armenian lords under the Georgian King David Ulu and the Mongol Prince Hűlegű, who promoted himself as a founder of the Mongol
694:
lost tens of thousands of soldiers in these campaigns, and was left without native defenders against the Mongol forces sent to suppress spontaneous rebellions that broke out due to high taxes and the heavy burden of military service. The country suffered heavily from the consequences of rebellions
1347:
The only non-Toluid army in Iran was at this time under the command of the
Chaghadaid prince Tegüder, who had accompanied Hülegü to Iran and received an appanage in Georgia. After Hülegü's death, Tegüder joined the Chaghadaid cause. Trying to join Baraq via Derbend, Tegüder asked to return to his
573:
In order to control the country more easily, due to the apparent succession crisis, although the majority of the nobility did not side with the illegitimate son, the
Mongols divided the Georgian nobles into two rival parties, each representing its own candidate for the crown. But there were also
334:
upon his death in 1223. Since
Georgia became a Mongol vassal in 1236 and no longer depended so much on the will of the local nobility, Rusudan, fearing that he would want to ascend the throne, sent him into captivity at the court of her son-in-law, Sultan
822:. As Hulegu died in the same year, Berke began to prepare a major offensive. The following year, his army penetrated into Georgia, but the offensive was abruptly stopped due to the death of the khan in the vicinity of
826:. However, Georgia's troubles continued, but now with the Ilkhanate. The nobles were encouraged to rise up against the crown, which naturally facilitated Mongol control over the country. In the same year, 1266,
1450:
758:, while David Narin only nominally recognized Mongol rule in Imereti. The reason for Hulegu's tolerance towards the rebel lies in the fact that since 1261, the Il-kan was at war with the
384:, Kaykhusraw was forced to release David Ulu. Rusudan died in 1245, still waiting for her son's return from the Mongolian court. A part of the Georgian nobility, thinking that
330:
and a woman of non-noble origin. Because of this, he was considered an illegitimate son in the circles of the
Georgian nobility, so his father was succeeded by his sister
695:
against the Mongol authorities, and even more devastating than the Mongol punitive expeditions were the internal conflicts between currents loyal and disloyal to the
814:
in 1263-1265. In 1263, King David's troops participated in the defense of the Siba fortress against the Golden Horde. In 1265, his troops, as the vanguard of the
1468:
1173:
dynasty in this region.(...) In
November 1257, Hűlegű set off from Hamadān in the direction of Baghdad. (...) With him were the forces of the Armenian Prince
1865:
1860:
1582:
742:, and then brutally plundered the country. The Mongol campaign continued during the winter, and the following year the king was forced to flee to
1438:
626:, who was given virtually independent rule over the western parts of the Mongol Empire by Mongke. Having embarked on an expedition to the
498:
there came emirs and officials; and from
Transoxiana and Turkestan the emir Masʿud accompanied by grandees of that region. With the emir
1575:
1409:
1340:
1313:
1286:
1238:
1056:
1024:
992:
28:
932:
179:
17:
647:
780:
307:
1568:
1114:
1081:
775:
1486:
1181:. The Mongols placed considerable trust in these Armenian lords, whose assistance they had received since the 1230s.
634:
was particularly keen to exploit the political and religious divisions of that part of the world. Attacking mostly
1517:
64:
765:
1725:
723:
663:
400:, who had been in Mongolia since 1243, and the recently proclaimed David VII Ulu) attended the enthronement of
1452:
Manuel de Généalogie et de
Chronologie pour l'histoire de la Caucasie chrétienne (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie)
437:
59:
1591:
1014:
449:
393:
299:
281:
1686:
1209:
810:
in the following years. David Ulu provided his support for the conflict between the Il-Khanate and the
704:
667:
303:
457:
1845:
1820:
1790:
1705:
1421:
Under the shadow of a dog; Tatars and South Slavic countries in the second half of the 13th century
251:
142:
87:
1330:
842:. In this way, Sargis was elevated to the rank of David and Georgia was torn into three entities.
1815:
1739:
945:
942:
in c. 1273, and later the
Georgian noble Sadun of Mankaberdi, regent of the kingdom in 1269–1278.
856:
David VII Ulu died of a bowel infection at the age of 55 in the spring of 1270. He was buried at
527:
445:
373:
185:
107:
1099:
Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia
1805:
1795:
1641:
1535:
549:
1303:
1276:
1257:
1228:
1169:
1046:
1785:
1651:
1616:
1552:
1457:
Manual of Genealogy and Chronology of Christian Caucasian History (Armenia, Georgia, Albania)
982:
861:
511:
502:
there came the celebrities and notables of Khorasan, Iraq, Lur, Azerbaijan and Shirvan. From
1855:
1850:
1810:
1661:
1631:
1626:
889:
796:
747:
557:
453:
327:
227:
163:
1178:
8:
1780:
1770:
1754:
1715:
1621:
1528:
1501:
1497:
1481:
700:
607:
591:
519:
515:
397:
385:
340:
319:
295:
1710:
1666:
1607:
1595:
1432:
831:
792:
691:
441:
417:
389:
356:
331:
277:
217:
97:
1405:
1336:
1309:
1282:
1234:
1110:
1077:
1052:
1020:
988:
565:
487:
291:
267:
174:
750:
was killed. Peace with the Mongols was achieved in 1262, when David Ulu returned to
1656:
1365:
1102:
877:
727:
684:
651:
475:
433:
377:
1210:"Silver dirham of David [Ulugh]/Möngke Khan, Tiflis, 650 H. 1977.158.1348"
672:
1446:
827:
746:, which the Mongols failed to conquer. David's family was captured, and his wife
735:
507:
483:
479:
471:
461:
1544:
1464:
523:
1174:
935:(1250–1268) (by Altun), heir apparent, died before his father's death in 1268.
619:
486:, tribute, and presents. This event was related by the 13th century historian
1839:
893:
845:
In 1270, David Ulu led Georgian and Armenian troops in support of the Mongol
615:
545:
405:
352:
336:
654:
in 1258, and in the skirmishes between Mongol leaders during the campaign.
294:
from 1246 to 1270. He first ruled Georgia jointly with his namesake cousin,
1749:
965:
873:
811:
804:
759:
583:
574:
conflicts among the Mongols themselves, whereby David Ulu was supported by
157:
1560:
1106:
1800:
1700:
911:
835:
800:
711:
631:
627:
575:
503:
237:
1191:
1744:
939:
839:
770:
731:
499:
429:
421:
401:
81:
48:
884:. In the meantime (1249/50), he bigamously contracted a union with an
734:
invaded Georgia from the south, inflicted a heavy defeat on David and
922:
907:
815:
739:
719:
715:
643:
639:
623:
579:
425:
409:
348:
323:
1463:
1371:
680:
578:, the general and commander of Persia, and his contemporary brother
1775:
1695:
1671:
1636:
1424:
898:
881:
857:
838:, received special protection and patronage from the new ilkhan of
788:
553:
413:
276:, "David the Senior" in the Mongol language) (1215–1270), from the
146:
1646:
1503:
History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th century. Part III
850:
823:
819:
751:
743:
696:
635:
611:
537:
465:
381:
240:
212:
131:
754:
to reclaim his crown as a Mongol vassal, pledging allegiance to
646:. Numerous Georgian-Armenian military units participated in the
915:
755:
676:
541:
495:
468:
344:
167:
919:
903:
885:
846:
807:
650:
in 1256, where they were personally led by David Ulu, and of
298:, from 1246 to 1259. From 1259, David VI, revolting from the
880:, died in 1252, and was buried at the reginal necropolis in
302:, seceded in the western half of the kingdom and formed the
532:
428:, together with a large number of foreign ambassadors: the
286:
27:
This article is about the Georgian king. There was also a
888:
woman, Altun, whom he repudiated in 1252. His third wife
730:, David Ulu rebelled. A large Mongol army led by General
1353:
638:, he tried to maintain the best possible relations with
420:, attended the enthronement ceremony of the Mongol Khan
310:
in the region of eastern Georgia under Mongol control.
1485:] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Artanuji. Archived from
1377:
1147:
622:
in 1251. Georgia then came under the supreme rule of
1332:
The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire 2 Volumes
416:. The "two Davids", as incumbents for the throne of
1135:
1123:
1019:. Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press. p. 256.
726:, remembering the losses of his troops in the 1258
818:army, defeated Berke and pushed his troops out of
530:; and from the city of Peace, Baghdad, the chief
1837:
1399:
1253:
1233:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 254–255.
1165:
424:on 24 August 1246, near the Mongol capital at
271:
1576:
938:Tamar (by Altun) was married twice: a son of
928:He had two sons and one daughter, including:
876:, either a Mongol woman or a daughter of the
306:, while David VII was left to rule a reduced
1177:, the son of Shahnshah Zak‘arian and Prince
703:rose up against the Mongols, separating the
536:Fakhr al-Din. There also came the Sultan of
1590:
1335:. Cambridge University Press. p. 721.
1329:Biran, Michal; Kim, Hodong (31 July 2023).
1301:
1274:
1226:
1101:. Cambridge University Press. p. 348.
1044:
1012:
980:
872:He was married four times. His first wife,
853:, who had found refuge in Western Georgia.
606:In the following years, both David Ulu and
1866:13th-century people from Georgia (country)
1861:Illegitimate children of Georgian monarchs
1583:
1569:
1437:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1302:Mikaberidze, Alexander (6 February 2015).
1275:Mikaberidze, Alexander (6 February 2015).
1227:Mikaberidze, Alexander (6 February 2015).
1045:Mikaberidze, Alexander (6 February 2015).
981:Mikaberidze, Alexander (6 February 2015).
618:and the coming to power of the great Khan
47:
1459:] (in French). Rome: Edizioni Aquila.
1445:
1402:The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335)
1359:
1308:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 260.
1281:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 255.
1214:Digital Library of the Middle East - DLME
1051:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 254.
1008:
1006:
1004:
614:even after the change at the head of the
601:
1328:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1096:
987:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 19.
948:(by Gvantsa), who succeeded him in 1270.
867:
764:
679:coinage in the name of David VII citing
671:
351:, so that he could be recognized as the
1496:
1471:[Chronicle of A Hundred Years]
1383:
1040:
1038:
1036:
14:
1838:
1518:History of Georgia – XIII-XV centuries
1418:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1001:
976:
974:
769:David VII on a hunt. A miniature from
392:had died, proclaimed David Ulu as the
339:. Then in 1243 she sent her son, also
1564:
1263:
586:. The Mongols appointed David VII as
396:. In 1246 the two Davids (the future
1071:
1033:
968:. Biographical Dictionary of Georgia
1192:"The Tiflis Dirhams of Möngke Khān"
971:
722:as part of the Mongol units in the
540:, envoys from the Franks, and from
24:
1506:. London: Longmans, Green, And Co.
699:. In 1259, Georgian nobles led by
526:; from Mosul, the envoy of Sultan
522:; from Aleppo, the brother of the
25:
1877:
1511:
610:showed unwavering loyalty to the
1305:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
1278:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
1230:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
1048:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
1016:Historical dictionary of Georgia
984:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
914:in 1262. In 1263, David married
910:, was executed on the orders of
762:, which was on a larger scale.
31:named David VII from 965 to 971.
1404:. Leiden ; Boston: Brill.
1322:
1295:
1247:
1220:
1202:
1184:
1159:
1013:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2007).
1726:Kingdom of Georgia (1256-1329)
1372:"Chronicle of A Hundred Years"
1090:
1076:. Paris: Fayard. p. 312.
1065:
959:
892:, widow of the Georgian noble
860:. He was succeeded by his son
664:Kingdom of Georgia (1256-1329)
308:Kingdom of Georgia (1256–1329)
13:
1:
952:
657:
448:; the brother of the king of
313:
53:Mural of King David VII Ulugh
29:Caucasian Albanian catholicos
1393:
966:გიორგი IV (საქართველოს მეფე)
795:itself, became the scene of
129:1270 (aged 54–55)
7:
1419:Uzelac, Aleksandar (2015).
1400:Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan, D. (2011).
1196:American Numismatic Society
707:from the unified Georgia.
376:in 1243, which subdued the
10:
1882:
1687:Kingdom of Western Georgia
896:and daughter of Kakhaber,
714:requested the presence of
705:Kingdom of Western Georgia
668:Kingdom of Western Georgia
661:
630:in 1253, Mongke's brother
367:
304:Kingdom of Western Georgia
26:
1764:Reunification (1329–1490)
1763:
1724:
1685:
1606:
1602:
1549:
1533:
1525:
1097:Eastmond, Antony (2017).
918:, daughter of the Mongol
648:Mongol conquest of Alamut
518:); from Georgia, the two
464:; and ambassadors of the
272:
247:
233:
223:
211:
200:
195:
191:
173:
153:
137:
125:
117:
113:
103:
93:
80:
72:
58:
46:
39:
1072:Roux, Jean-Paul (2003).
791:, and as part of it the
590:("senior") ruler, while
362:
252:Georgian Orthodox Church
143:Svetitskhoveli Cathedral
88:Svetitskhoveli Cathedral
1540:1246–1270
446:Yaroslav II of Vladimir
186:Demetrius II of Georgia
784:
688:
602:Decline of the kingdom
571:
343:, to the court of the
1469:"„ასწლოვანი მატიანე""
1107:10.1017/9781316711774
868:Marriage and children
787:The territory of the
768:
675:
550:ʿAla al-Din of Alamut
492:
438:John of Plano Carpini
1728:(in eastern Georgia)
834:, who ruled city of
803:and the Khan of the
776:Livre des merveilles
556:, Shihab al-Din and
458:Seljuk Sultan of Rum
454:Sempad the Constable
228:George IV of Georgia
164:Gvantsa Kakhaberidze
18:David VII of Georgia
1254:Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan 2011
1166:Bai︠a︡rsaĭkhan 2011
552:, his governors in
432:friar and envoy of
201:David VII the Elder
1608:Kingdom of Georgia
1482:Kartlis Tskhovreba
1447:Toumanoff, Cyrille
793:Kingdom of Georgia
785:
738:in a battle near
689:
528:Badr al-Din Luʾluʾ
442:Benedict of Poland
374:Battle of Köse Dağ
357:Kingdom of Georgia
278:Bagrationi dynasty
98:Rusudan of Georgia
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1559:
1558:
1550:Succeeded by
1498:Howorth, Henry H.
1411:978-9-0041-8635-4
1342:978-1-009-30197-8
1315:978-1-4422-4146-6
1288:978-1-4422-4146-6
1240:978-1-4422-4146-6
1179:Pŕosh Khaghbakian
1156:, pp. 78–79.
1058:978-1-4422-4146-6
1026:978-0-8108-5580-9
994:978-1-4422-4146-6
512:Sultan of Takavor
257:
256:
207:
206:
16:(Redirected from
1873:
1846:Kings of Georgia
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1571:
1562:
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1526:Preceded by
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1522:
1507:
1493:
1491:
1477:ქართლის ცხოვრება
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598:(junior) ruler.
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476:Ala ud din Masud
434:Pope Innocent IV
378:Sultanate of Rum
275:
274:
262:, also known as
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36:
21:
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1759:
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1657:Tamar the Great
1598:
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1541:
1539:
1536:King of Georgia
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1489:
1472:
1465:Metreveli, Roin
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1074:L'Asie Centrale
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1027:
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670:
662:Main articles:
660:
604:
570:
564:
548:also; and from
480:Delhi Sultanate
462:Kilij Arslan IV
452:and historian,
394:king of Georgia
370:
365:
316:
300:Mongol hegemony
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60:King of Georgia
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34:King of Georgia
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1821:Constantine II
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1545:David VI Narin
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1529:David VI Narin
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1513:
1512:External links
1510:
1509:
1508:
1494:
1492:on 2012-04-01.
1467:, ed. (2008).
1461:
1443:
1416:
1410:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:, p. 141.
1376:
1374:, p. 581.
1364:
1362:, p. 124.
1360:Toumanoff 1976
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783:Fr2810, f. 8r)
659:
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594:was appointed
582:, Khan of the
562:
524:Lord of Aleppo
482:. all bearing
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318:David was the
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114:
111:
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105:
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100:
95:
91:
90:
84:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
62:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1878:
1867:
1864:
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1822:
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1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
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1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:Constantine I
1789:
1787:
1784:
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1774:
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1769:
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1756:
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1733:
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1706:Constantine I
1704:
1702:
1699:
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1684:
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1236:
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1223:
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1205:
1197:
1193:
1187:
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1176:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1144:, p. 65.
1143:
1138:
1132:, p. 63.
1131:
1126:
1118:
1116:9781316711774
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1083:2-213-59894-0
1079:
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1068:
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934:
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929:
926:
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917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:
895:
894:Avag Zakarian
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:Sultan of Rum
875:
865:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
828:Sargis Jaqeli
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
806:
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798:
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790:
782:
778:
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772:
767:
763:
761:
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749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:When in 1260
708:
706:
702:
698:
693:
687:, dated 1253.
686:
683:as overlord,
682:
678:
674:
669:
665:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:Mongol Empire
613:
609:
599:
597:
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589:
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581:
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567:
561:
559:
555:
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547:
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485:
481:
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473:
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455:
451:
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444:; Grand Duke
443:
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411:
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387:
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353:heir apparent
350:
346:
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337:Kaykhusraw II
333:
329:
325:
321:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
273:დავით VII ულუ
269:
265:
261:
253:
250:
246:
242:
239:
238:Velistsikhian
236:
232:
229:
226:
222:
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216:
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203:Davit VII Ulu
199:
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187:
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89:
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83:
79:
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71:
66:
61:
57:
50:
45:
38:
30:
19:
1816:Alexander II
1750:Vakhtang III
1740:Demetrius II
1734:
1675:
1543:
1534:
1502:
1487:the original
1480:
1476:
1456:
1451:
1420:
1401:
1384:Howorth 1888
1379:
1367:
1355:
1346:
1331:
1324:
1304:
1297:
1277:
1249:
1229:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1098:
1092:
1073:
1067:
1047:
1015:
983:
961:
940:Arghun Noyan
927:
897:
874:Jigda-Khatun
871:
855:
844:
830:, prince of
812:Golden Horde
805:Golden Horde
786:
774:
760:Golden Horde
709:
690:
605:
595:
587:
584:Golden Horde
572:
568:, 1: 249–50.
558:Shams al-Din
531:
506:came Sultan
493:
472:Al-Musta'sim
406:Mongol court
371:
317:
285:
263:
259:
258:
158:Jigda-Khatun
108:Demetrius II
1856:1270 deaths
1851:1215 births
1806:George VIII
1801:Vakhtang IV
1796:Alexander I
1701:Vakhtang II
1689:(1256—1329)
1642:Demetrius I
1610:(1008—1256)
1168:, pp.
1154:Uzelac 2015
1142:Uzelac 2015
1130:Uzelac 2015
912:Hulegu Khan
836:Akhaltsikhe
779:, c. 1410 (
712:Hulegu Khan
701:David Narin
632:Hulegu Khan
628:Middle East
608:David Narin
576:Baiju Noyan
508:Rukn al-Din
388:the son of
322:son of the
264:David Ulugh
94:Predecessor
1840:Categories
1786:George VII
1745:David VIII
1652:George III
1617:Bagrat III
1553:Demetre II
1256:, p.
953:References
902:(duke) of
862:Demetre II
840:Abaqa Khan
771:Marco Polo
732:Arghun Aqa
658:Later life
430:Franciscan
402:Guyuk Khan
372:After the
345:great khan
320:morganatic
314:Early life
218:Bagrationi
82:Coronation
1811:Bagrat VI
1735:David VII
1678:(jointly)
1676:David VII
1662:George IV
1632:George II
1627:Bagrat IV
1433:cite book
1394:Biography
946:Demetrius
923:Chormaqan
816:Ilkhanate
740:Akhaldaba
720:Armenians
716:Georgians
644:Armenians
640:Georgians
624:Batu Khan
580:Batu Khan
516:Trebizond
426:Karakorum
410:Karakorum
349:Karakorum
328:George IV
260:David VII
241:Aznauri's
104:Successor
76:1246–1270
42:დავით VII
40:David VII
1781:Bagrat V
1776:David IX
1771:George V
1755:George V
1716:Bagrat I
1696:David VI
1672:David VI
1637:David IV
1622:George I
1500:(1888).
1449:(1976).
1425:Belgrade
1170:121, 129
899:eristavi
882:Mtskheta
858:Mtskheta
849:against
799:between
789:Caucasus
592:David VI
563:—
554:Quhistan
510:and the
414:Mongolia
398:David VI
324:Georgian
296:David VI
268:Georgian
248:Religion
243:daughter
147:Mtskheta
86:1245 at
1711:Michael
1667:Rusudan
1647:David V
1175:Zak‘arē
908:Takveri
890:Gvantsa
851:Tekuder
832:Samtkhe
824:Tbilisi
820:Shirvan
752:Tbilisi
748:Gvantsa
744:Imereti
697:Mongols
692:Georgia
685:Persian
652:Baghdad
636:Muslims
612:Mongols
566:Juvayni
538:Erzurum
488:Juvayni
478:of the
466:Abbasid
450:Armenia
418:Georgia
404:at the
390:Rusudan
382:Mongols
380:to the
368:Diarchy
355:to the
332:Rusudan
292:Georgia
213:Dynasty
132:Tbilisi
65:more...
1542:With:
1408:
1339:
1312:
1285:
1237:
1113:
1080:
1055:
1023:
991:
933:George
916:Esukan
801:Hulegu
756:Hulegu
724:Levant
681:Möngke
677:Tiflis
620:Mongke
542:Kerman
520:Davits
500:Arghun
496:Khitai
484:homage
469:Caliph
280:, was
270::
234:Mother
224:Father
180:George
168:Esukan
161:Althun
154:Spouse
138:Burial
1592:Kings
1490:(PDF)
1479:[
1473:(PDF)
1455:[
920:Noyan
904:Racha
847:Abaqa
808:Berke
596:narin
494:From
422:Güyük
386:David
363:Reign
341:David
326:King
290:) of
196:Names
183:Tamar
175:Issue
73:Reign
1439:link
1406:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1283:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1053:ISBN
1021:ISBN
989:ISBN
906:and
886:Alan
718:and
666:and
642:and
546:Fars
544:and
533:qadi
474:and
440:and
287:mepe
282:king
126:Died
121:1215
118:Born
1594:of
1258:137
1103:doi
797:war
781:BNF
773:'s
588:ulu
504:Rum
408:in
347:in
1842::
1475:.
1435:}}
1431:{{
1423:.
1345:.
1265:^
1212:.
1194:.
1109:.
1035:^
1003:^
973:^
925:.
864:.
490::
460:,
436:,
412:,
359:.
145:,
67:)
1674:-
1584:e
1577:t
1570:v
1441:)
1427:.
1414:.
1318:.
1291:.
1243:.
1216:.
1198:.
1119:.
1105::
1086:.
1061:.
1029:.
997:.
514:(
284:(
266:(
63:(
20:)
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