552:"We ask that this Government protect the integrity of free territory against the aggressions of slavery—against its wrongful usurpations. Sir, I was in favor of the annexation of Texas. I supported it with the whole influence which I possessed, and I was willing to take Texas in as she was. I sought not to change the character of her institutions. Texas was a slave country. We voted for the annexation of Texas. The Democracy of the North was for it, to a man. We are for it now—firmly for it. Sir, we are fighting this war for Texas, and for the South. I affirm it; here is a matter well known to the Union. Now, sir, we are told that California is ours; and so it is. I intend to refer more particularly to this subject before I conclude. But, we are told, California is ours. And all we ask in the North is, that the character of its territory be preserved. It is free; and it is part of the established law of nations, and all public law, that when it shall come in to this Union, all laws there existing, not inconsistent with its new allegiance, will remain in force. This fundamental law, which prohibits slavery in California, will be in force; this fundamental law, which prohibits slavery in New Mexico, will be in force. Shall the South invade it? Shall the South make this Government an instrument for the violation of its neutrality, and for the establishment of slavery in these territories, in defiance of law? That is the question. There is no question of abolition here, sir. It is a question whether the South shall be permitted, by aggression, by invasion of right, by subduing free territory and planting slavery upon it, to wrest this territory to the accomplishment of its own sectional purposes and schemes? That is the question. And shall we of the North submit to it? Must we yield this? It is not, sir, in the spirit of the compact; it is not, sir, in the Constitution."
625:
fact, he sometimes referred to the Wilmot proviso as the "White Man's
Proviso". In a speech in the House, Wilmot said, "I plead the cause and the rights of white freemen I would preserve to free white labor a fair country, a rich inheritance, where the sons of toil, of my own race and own color, can live without the disgrace which association with negro slavery brings upon free labor." Around the same time, however, Wilmot, in a New York speech, spoke of the ultimate demise of slavery when he argued, "Keep it within given limits ...and in time it will wear itself out. Its existence can only be perpetuated by constant expansion. ... Slavery has within itself the seeds of its own destruction."
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524:"Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted."
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568:"This sir, looks very much like the 'Proviso.' Here is the original "firebrand"—the heresy, for holding onto which men are now proscribed by the government of their country. Mr. Jefferson, had he lived at this day, would have been denounced as an abolitionist, and a disturber of the peace of the Union."
624:
By 1848 Wilmot was thoroughly identified as a Free Soiler, but, like many other Free
Soilers, he did not oppose the expansion of slavery based on a legal rejection of the short-term existence of the institution itself, but rather because he felt slavery was detrimental to the interests of whites. In
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A measure to the Wilmot
Proviso was brought forward at the next session of Congress, with the appropriation amount increased to $ 3 million, and the scope of the amendment expanded to include all future territory which might be acquired by the United States. This was passed in the House by a vote of
533:
of 1787. Unlike some
Northern Whigs, Wilmot and other anti-slavery Democrats were largely unconcerned by the issue of racial equality, and instead opposed the expansion of slavery because they believed the institution was detrimental to the "laboring white man". Historian
547:
In a
February 1847 debate over the Proviso, Wilmot explained that he was not an abolitionist, and was not seeking to abolish slavery in the Southern states, but simply wanted to preserve the integrity of free territories that did not have slavery and did not want it:
738:
Wilmot was the son of
Randall (1792–1876) and Mary (née Grant) Wilmot (1792–1820). His father was a well-to-do merchant, and David's early life was a comfortable one. In 1836, he married Anna Morgan. The couple had three children, none of whom survived childhood.
543:
claimed that he was the true author of the proviso. Wilentz speculates that the proviso was jointly drafted by Wilmot and other anti-slavery
Democrats, and that the drafters agreed that whoever had the first opportunity to introduce the proviso would do so.
1808:
538:
writes that it is unclear why Wilmot, an "unremarkable" first-term
Congressman, was the one to introduce the measure. Wilmot would later claim that he had introduced the proviso independent of any other members of Congress, while Congressman
580:, passed the proviso by a vote of 83–64. This led to an attempt to table the entire appropriations bill rather than pass it with "the obnoxious proviso attached", but this effort was defeated "in an ominously sectional vote, 78–94". The
1858:
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In August 1846, an appropriations bill for $ 2 million to be used by the
President in negotiating a treaty of peace with Mexico was introduced in the House. Wilmot immediately offered the following amendment:
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and strong common sense; of phlegmatic temperament, without any pretension to genius; a sensible speaker, with no claim to eloquence or oratory. But he had courage, determination, and honesty".
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482:. Although Wilmot opposed the extension of slavery into the territories, he was generally considered to be a Democratic Party loyalist; he supported Polk in the initiation of the
1818:
510:"David Wilmot represented a district which had always given Democratic majorities and was himself an intense partisan of that political school. He was a man of strong
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609:
115 to 105, but the Senate refused to concur and passed a bill of its own without the amendment. The House acquiesced, owing largely to the influence of general
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613:. As the 1848 presidential election took shape, the Democrats rejected the Wilmot Proviso in their platform and selected Cass as their candidate to run on a
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A Pennsylvania State historical marker is placed at
Williams Street at the Riverside Cemetery, Towanda, identifying the cemetery as his resting place.
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rallied around the Wilmot Proviso, and nominated Van Buren on a platform calling for "No more slave states and no more slave territory."
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877:"Twenty Years of Congress, Vol. 1 / From Lincoln to Garfield, with a Review of the Events Which Led to the Political Revolution of 1860"
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688:. Wilmot served from March 14, 1861, to March 3, 1863. He was not a candidate for reelection in 1862. He was a member of the
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when he introduced and supported the Proviso, he subsequently became a notable member of the anti-slavery
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for the Thirteenth Judicial District from 1851 to 1861. He took a leading part in the founding of the
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interests. They were specifically disappointed by Polk's decision to compromise with Britain over the
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636:. Wilmot was forced to withdraw from the 1850 congressional elections in favor of the more moderate
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In an 1848 speech, Wilmot responded to critics who called him a radical abolitionist by pointing to
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Wilmot was elected as a Republican to the Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of
529:
Wilmot modeled the language for what would usually be referred to as the Wilmot Proviso after the
466:
Upon taking his seat in Congress, Wilmot initially supported the policies of Democratic president
470:. He also became part of an informal group of anti-slavery Democrats led by New York congressman
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The Frontier Against Slavery: Western Anti-Negro Prejudice and the Slavery Extension Controversy
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Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War
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in 1854. He was Chairman of the Republican Party platform committee, was a delegate to the
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Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War
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Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
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342:(January 20, 1814 – March 16, 1868) was an American politician and judge. He served as
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in 1849 and was soon at odds with the mainstream Pennsylvania Democratic Party led by
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Wilmot died on March 16, 1868. He was interred in Riverside Cemetery in Towanda.
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26:"Senator Wilmot" redirects here. For the Wisconsin State Senate member, see
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United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
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The House, after first voting down a counter-proposal simply to extend the
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931:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 691.
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and worked vigorously for the first Republican presidential candidate,
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Free Soil Party members of the United States House of Representatives
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United States Article I federal judges appointed by Abraham Lincoln
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and was the lone House Democrat from Pennsylvania to vote for the
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Wilmot and other Free Soilers sought to exclude slavery from the
362:. He is best known for being the prime sponsor and eponym of the
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1170:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, 2000,
1849:
Republican Party United States senators from Pennsylvania
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adjourned rather than approve the bill with the proviso.
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This article is about the politician. For the actor, see
696:, in an effort to devise means to prevent the impending
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speaker of the United States House of Representatives
378:. Later, Wilmot was instrumental in establishing the
1199:
The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln
1110:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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Wilmot was presented as the Free Soil candidate for
418:, in August 1834. Wilmot was admitted to the bar of
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668:. He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for
600:(red), which was acquired from Mexico in the 1848
1819:Judges of the Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas
952:"David Wilmot Argues for a Free California, 1847"
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1161:Half Slave and Half Free: The Roots of Civil War
458:, serving from March 4, 1845, to March 3, 1851.
1166:McKnight, Brian D., article on David Wilmot in
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390:David Wilmot was born on January 20, 1814, in
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1304:U.S. House of Representatives
1824:Judges of the United States Court of Claims
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1310:Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district
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440:Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district
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1119:"Wilmot, David – Federal Judicial Center"
795:"Wilmot, David – Federal Judicial Center"
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131:March 14, 1861 – March 3, 1863
72:March 7, 1863 – March 16, 1868
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1168:Encyclopedia of the American Civil War
1076:"National Register Information System"
1027:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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1081:National Register of Historic Places
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757:National Register of Historic Places
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658:1856 Republican National Convention
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708:Wilmot was nominated by president
650:Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas
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422:, and entered private practice in
14:
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1844:People from Towanda, Pennsylvania
1839:People from Bethany, Pennsylvania
1804:19th-century American legislators
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1376:Seat established by 12 Stat. 765
478:and an ally of former president
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95:Seat established by 12 Stat. 765
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498:, as well as Polk's veto of an
396:Aurora, Cayuga County, New York
16:American politician (1814–1868)
1240:New International Encyclopedia
1201:. W. W. Norton & Company.
969:Going, Charles Buxton (1924).
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462:Introducing the Wilmot Proviso
402:with Pennsylvania state judge
1:
1302:Member of the
1287:U.S. House of Representatives
767:
456:31st United States Congresses
420:Bradford County, Pennsylvania
60:United States Court of Claims
1799:19th-century American judges
1105:"David Wilmot (id: W000566)"
829:"David Wilmot (id: W000566)"
7:
971:"David Wilmot, Free-soiler"
941:Wilentz (2005), pp. 597–598
865:Wilentz (2005), pp. 593–595
680:Later congressional service
602:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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412:George Washington Woodward
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704:Federal judicial service
690:Peace Convention of 1861
670:Governor of Pennsylvania
434:Wilmot was elected as a
1771:Never officially seated
928:Encyclopædia Britannica
1197:Wilentz, Sean (2005).
903:Wilentz (2005), p. 596
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644:State judicial service
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562:Land Ordinance of 1784
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408:Montrose, Pennsylvania
1234:"Wilmot, David"
1181:Morrison, Michael A.
1129:Berwanger, Eugene H.
1086:National Park Service
1041:Berwanger pp. 125–126
733:Bethany, Pennsylvania
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712:on March 6, 1863, to
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500:internal improvements
430:Congressional service
426:, from 1834 to 1844.
392:Bethany, Pennsylvania
114:United States Senator
582:United States Senate
484:Mexican–American War
386:Education and career
21:David Wilmot (actor)
1362:Charles R. Buckalew
1279:Andrew Gregg Curtin
956:College.cengage.com
761:David Wilmot School
714:the Court of Claims
672:in 1857, losing to
615:popular sovereignty
574:Missouri Compromise
531:Northwest Ordinance
496:partition of Oregon
154:Charles R. Buckalew
1351:Served alongside:
736:
731:Wilmot's house in
698:American Civil War
617:platform. The new
606:
588:Free Soil movement
272:Riverside Cemetery
1776:
1775:
1401:
1400:
1392:Succeeded by
1359:Succeeded by
1349:1861–1863
1318:Succeeded by
1276:Succeeded by
755:was added to the
743:Legacy and honors
674:William F. Packer
541:Jacob Brinkerhoff
382:in Pennsylvania.
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1088:. July 9, 2010.
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1265:nominee for
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1227:Find a Grave
1223:David Wilmot
1198:
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1065:, Waymarking
1046:
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1011:. Retrieved
1007:the original
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988:
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884:. Retrieved
880:
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753:Wilmot House
737:
718:
707:
683:
647:
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623:
607:
571:
567:
560:'s proposed
555:
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546:
536:Sean Wilentz
528:
523:
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511:
509:
476:Silas Wright
472:Preston King
465:
433:
389:
352:Pennsylvania
340:David Wilmot
339:
338:
291:(until 1848)
279:Pennsylvania
262:Pennsylvania
253:(1868-03-16)
241:Pennsylvania
204:Succeeded by
181:
169:Pennsylvania
149:Succeeded by
126:
119:Pennsylvania
102:Succeeded by
94:
78:Appointed by
67:
39:David Wilmot
32:
1794:1868 deaths
1789:1814 births
1354:Edgar Cowan
1329:U.S. Senate
410:, and with
309:Anna Morgan
301:(from 1854)
296:(from 1848)
192:Preceded by
137:Preceded by
90:Preceded by
1783:Categories
1698:J. Cameron
1693:S. Cameron
1673:S. Cameron
1633:Muhlenberg
1508:S. Cameron
1389:1863–1868
1315:1845–1851
1263:Republican
768:References
692:, held in
611:Lewis Cass
398:. He then
299:Republican
289:Democratic
230:1814-01-20
1758:Fetterman
1743:Schweiker
1463:S. Maclay
1448:W. Maclay
1185:. (1997)
1163:. (1992).
1148:. (1970)
1133:. (1967)
1013:August 8,
664:, in the
502:bill. As
354:and as a
322:Signature
294:Free Soil
182:In office
127:In office
68:In office
1668:Buchanan
1593:Santorum
1578:H. Scott
1533:Mitchell
1523:J. Scott
1518:Buckalew
1503:Brodhead
1498:Sturgeon
1453:Gallatin
1023:cite web
763:in 1988.
512:physique
492:Southern
436:Democrat
400:read law
372:Democrat
314:Children
175:district
1748:Specter
1703:Penrose
1663:Wilkins
1628:Bingham
1616:Class 3
1588:Wofford
1528:Wallace
1483:Barnard
1478:Findlay
1473:Roberts
1441:Class 1
1243:. 1905.
1123:Fjc.gov
1097:Sources
886:July 1,
799:Fjc.gov
446:of the
442:to the
424:Towanda
358:of the
348:Senator
275:Towanda
258:Towanda
237:Bethany
1753:Toomey
1718:Grundy
1708:Pepper
1683:Bigler
1678:Cooper
1653:Lowrie
1648:Lacock
1623:Morris
1573:Martin
1568:Guffey
1548:Oliver
1513:Wilmot
1493:McKean
1488:Dallas
1307:from
1205:
1189:
1174:
1152:
1137:
723:Family
346:and a
306:Spouse
264:, U.S.
243:, U.S.
1767:Notes
1738:Clark
1728:Myers
1723:Davis
1688:Cowan
1658:Marks
1643:Gregg
1638:Logan
1598:Casey
1583:Heinz
1257:First
438:from
356:judge
167:from
117:from
1733:Duff
1713:Vare
1563:Reed
1558:Crow
1553:Knox
1543:Knox
1538:Quay
1468:Leib
1458:Ross
1272:1857
1203:ISBN
1187:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1150:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1029:link
1015:2020
888:2022
751:The
454:and
452:30th
448:29th
350:for
248:Died
224:Born
173:12th
1225:at
925:".
414:in
406:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
