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549:"The large groves of corals and sponges are unique to seamounts. The crests of seamounts are particularly good because they provide flat rocky surfaces that don't accumulate much sediment. This is partly due to the fact that seamounts are so far offshore. In contrast when you look at the seafloor in Monterey Canyon, it's mucky. That makes it tough for filter feeders, especially sponges. Any flat surface in the canyon collects mud. This makes it tough for corals to settle anywhere except on near-vertical surfaces. Just staying attached to these surfaces can be a challenge in itself."
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755:, with whom the final decision rested. In a press release dated November 20, 2008, the NOAA finalized its approval of the plans, and expanded the Monterey Bay Sanctuary by a total of 775 sq mi (2,007 km) to include Davidson Seamount in its protected area. After a management plan was created, Davidson Seamount was incorporated into Monterey Bay in 2009, 7 years after it was originally proposed.
222:. At 26 mi (42 km) long and 8 mi (13 km) wide, it is one of the largest known seamounts in the world. From base to crest, the seamount is 7,480 ft (2,280 m) tall, yet its summit is still 4,101 ft (1,250 m) below the sea surface. The seamount is biologically diverse, with 237 species and 27 types of
632:, some over 100 years old, that live on its banks. These large colonies are extremely fragile to human interaction. Davidson's proximity to scientific research institutions has helped its exploration, as multiple dives, mappings, and studies have made it one of the better-studied seamounts in the world.
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for its unique ecology. In 2002 the NOAA sponsored the first modern in-depth study of the seamount. The team included scientists, educators, and resource managers, with the goal of documenting species, taking geologic samples, and describing the ocean environment. The expedition documented many rare,
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expeditions to the seamount in 2002 and 2006 cast light upon its unique deep-sea coral ecosystem. Davidson
Seamount is populated by a dense population of large, ancient corals, some of which are over 100 years of age. The data gathered during the studies fueled the making of Davidson Seamount into a
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There are reasons that seamounts are biologically important. They rise high in the water column, creating complex current patterns that support life on, around, and above the seamount. The surface of the seamount also provides a substrate upon which organisms can attach themselves and grow. This in
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species, some of which have yet to be studied properly or even named. These are all cold-water species, as the temperature even at the top of the seamount is just above freezing—around 2 °C (36 °F), as compared to 14 °C (57 °F) at the ocean's surface.
456:(widespread), and sufficient data exists for 22% of the observed species to strongly suggest that their range is not limited to seamounts. The remaining 7% have only been seen in video footage. Thirteen species have been identified in other areas, but never in other seamounts.
324:. This group is morphologically unique, and very similar to one another. All the seamounts in the group are complex northeast-southwest trending structures, consisting of parallel ridges separated by sediment-filled troughs. The ridges constructed run parallel to an ancient
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than the surrounding seafloor. Although previous analysis has stressed the exceptionalism of the seamount habitat, recent biological analysis, much of it centered on
Davidson Seamount, has indicated that this does not necessarily translate into a higher
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Despite its size, the top of
Davidson Seamount remains over 4,500 ft (1,372 m) below the ocean's surface. This great depth means that the habitats that the seamount supports have not been significantly disturbed by human activity;
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Davidson
Seamount is among the best biologically described seamounts worldwide. Six major expeditions to the volcano have yielded over 60,000 species observations. As of 2009 scientists have observed and recorded 168 species of
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was undertaken, mainly to test a model that had been developed to predict the availability of coral and to advance the understanding of the seamount's deep-sea coral. The NOAA outlined a set of 4 goals for the expedition:
690:. A total of 70 hours of observations and 102 deep-sea animal and rock specimens were collected during the cruise. The expedition, which lasted from January 26 through February 4, made use if the MBARI's
565:." Sinks are low-lying areas in which species can live, but do so very poorly; if they are not replenished by nearby population centers, such as at Davidson, they could disappear from the area entirely.
519:, some of which are over 100 years old. Although these species also grow elsewhere, they are generally sparsely distributed and far smaller and younger than the coral growth on Davidson. Conversely,
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alone, only about 0.1% of them have been explored. The aqueous environment of the seamount means that it behaves differently from volcanoes on land. Its surface is composed mostly of
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At 26 mi (42 km) long and 8 mi (13 km) wide, Davidson
Seamount is impressively large. If it were on land, it would dominate the landscape in a way similar to how
340:, evident in many oceanic volcanoes, is absent. This lack of a collapse crater suggests that magma was never stored in a chamber within the structure, as with most other volcanoes.
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748:. The group decided that the seamount was eligible for sanctuary designation, and the majority of the group recommended its incorporation into the nearby Monterey Bay sanctuary.
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740:. A key group of research scientists, fishermen, officials, educators, and marine biologists was formed in 2006 to discuss whether or not to make Davidson Seamount a
286:. These rocks indicate mildly explosive eruptions of gas-rich lava near the summit of the volcano. The base of Davidson is probably buried in a deep layer of muds.
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previously undiscovered species that exist nowhere else, not even on nearby seamounts, including ancient coral gardens that are vulnerable to human activity.
404:) on the crest of Davidson Seamount, at 1,255 m (4,117 ft) deep. Paragorgia grow to over 2.5 m (8 ft) tall on Davidson; they also grow in
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Davidson
Seamount was initially discovered and mapped in 1933. Davidson Seamount was the first underwater volcano to be classified as "seamount" by the
463:, most of which in turn provide a habitat for other species. It has in the past been called "An Oasis in the Deep", hosting a vast coral forest, large
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studies indicate that
Davidson formed between 9 and 15 million years ago, 5 to 12 million years after the formation of the overlaying oceanic crust.
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Because of its great depth, for a long time
Davidson Seamount had been preceded only by a sparse few investigations. Davidson is interesting to
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Researchers speculate that
Davidson Seamount is an ideal habitat for deep-sea corals and sponges because it has favorable bottom rock (bare
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Following the information learned from the 2002 and 2006 expeditions, there was public support for the making of
Davidson Seamount into a
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typically does not occur below a depth of 1,500 ft (457 m), and waste disposal and discharge occurs much closer to shore.
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1289:"NOAA Releases Plans for Managing and Protecting Cordell Bank, Gulf of Farallones and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuaries"
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836:"Davidson Seamount: In 2009, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Expanded To Include The Davidson Seamount Management Zone"
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Research also suggests that seamounts such as Davidson Seamount may be ecologically valuable to rare species that use them as
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under the National Marine Sanctuaries Act, and if so whether to make it its own sanctuary, or incorporate it into the nearby
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may in the future help scientists prove seamounts are indeed sources of larvae for their surrounding seafloor.
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Studies have indicated that a seamount functions as an "oasis of life," with a higher species count and more
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dominates the horizon of northern California. Put in perspective, the size of the seamount is enough to fill
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McClain, Craig R.; Lundsten, L.; Ream, M.; Barry, J.; DeVogelaere, A. (January 7, 2009). Rands, Sean (ed.).
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Lundsten, L.; Barry, J.P.; Cailliet, G.M.; Clague, D.A.; DeVogelaere, A.; Geller, J.B. (January 13, 2009).
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In 2006, another exploration, a collaboration of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, the
1055:"Endemicity, Biogeography, Composition, and Community Structure On a Northeast Pacific Seamount"
538:), and has not been disturbed by strong bottom currents than often bother other seafloor areas.
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The Monterey Bay advisory group concurred with the findings, and submitted its approval to the
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Recent expeditions to Davidson have focused on its ecology, and specifically on the variety of
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believed that they provide a refuge for rare species that have difficulty surviving elsewhere.
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1116:"Benthic invertebrate communities on three seamounts off southern and central California"
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1021:"Seamounts may serve as refuges for deep-sea animals that struggle to survive elsewhere"
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Davidson Seamount is part of a group of seamounts off the continental margin, including
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system. They are unique in this origin, as they are formed from the remnants of an old
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that maintains the population of the species in nearby, sub-optimal areas, known as "
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turn supports the species that feed on them, in turn supporting the whole ecological
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The ecology on Davidson Seamount is dominated by an extensive "forest" of ancient
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Share the exciting experience with the public through television and the Internet
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and food availability of the seamount was collected, as was information on the
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732:. Davidson Seamount, part of the Monterey Bay sanctuary, at bottom-left.
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near the summit of Davidson Seamount, 1,461 m (4,793 ft) deep.
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on the seamount. Of these, about 7% of the species at Davidson are
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seamounts, all located roughly between 37.5° and 34.0° degrees of
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Improve the species list and taxonomy of corals from the seamount
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Understand why deep-sea corals live where they do on the seamount
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Craig McClain, one of the scientists studying the seamount, told
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1322:"California's marine sanctuaries may face new drilling threat"
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1200:, Office of Ocean Exploration and Research. December 3, 2009
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961:, Office of Ocean Exploration and Research. May 19, 2002
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in 1933, Davidson Seamount is named after geographer
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1194:"Davidson Seamount: Exploring Ancient Coral Gardens"
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955:"Role of Sanctuary in Davidson Seamount Expedition"
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328:which has since been replaced in its role by the
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716:Diagram illustrating the orientation of the 3
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1674:Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems
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1364:Final Rule of incorporation into Monterey Bay
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651:Determine the age and growth patterns of the
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1739:Freshwater environmental quality parameters
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301:boardwalk to Monterey's Fishermen's Wharf.
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1349:Deep-sea coral research at Davidson (2006)
1169:, Office of Ocean Exploration and Research
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440:species that are not found anywhere else.
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1263:Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
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637:Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
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523:, which are very common on the walls of
214:, 80 mi (129 km) southwest of
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607:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
603:United States Board of Geographic Names
239:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
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1223:"Sanctuary Science: Davidson Seamount"
930:Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
844:Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
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773:Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
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684:) filmed the cruise for their series,
620:because of its unique geology, and to
501:Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
248:Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
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763:In July 2017, under the direction of
241:. Studied only sparsely for decades,
218:and 75 mi (121 km) west of
1161:DeVogelaere, Andrew (July 7, 2009).
2002:Oceanic physical-biological process
1864:List of freshwater ecoregions (WWF)
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499:In comparisons drawn to the nearby
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597:, for whom the seamount was named.
16:Underwater volcano near California
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229:Discovered during the mapping of
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1529:Colored dissolved organic matter
678:British Broadcasting Corporation
641:Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
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1874:Latin America and the Caribbean
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2461:Seamounts of the Pacific Ocean
2356:Ecological values of mangroves
1899:North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
1121:Marine Ecology Progress Series
874:"Geology of Davidson Seamount"
676:of the corals themselves. The
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1:
1130:Inter-Research Science Center
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586:1933 map of Davidson Seamount
535:
2376:Marine conservation activism
2361:Fisheries and climate change
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1082:10.1371/journal.pone.0004141
334:ocean-ridge spreading center
83:7,480 ft (2,280 m)
75:4,101 ft (1,250 m)
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2371:Human impact on marine life
2248:Davidson Seamount § Ecology
1484:Aquatic population dynamics
801:National Science Foundation
212:coast of Central California
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1359:SIMon Ecological overview
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2233:Coastal biogeomorphology
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424:percentage. However, it
226:having been identified.
2466:Landforms of California
2141:Paradox of the plankton
1952:Diel vertical migration
1846:Freshwater swamp forest
1564:GIS and aquatic science
1412:General components and
1326:San Francisco Chronicle
759:Oil and gas exploration
720:of Central California:
664:Scientific data on the
479:, and a number of rare
262:such as Davidson is an
1967:Large marine ecosystem
1659:Shoaling and schooling
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726:Gulf of the Farallones
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180:~9.8 million years ago
2386:Marine protected area
2313:Salt pannes and pools
2088:Marine larval ecology
2063:Census of Marine Life
1947:Deep scattering layer
1904:San Francisco Estuary
1869:Africa and Madagascar
1694:Underwater camouflage
1474:Aquatic biomonitoring
1414:freshwater ecosystems
767:13795 from President
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708:As a marine sanctuary
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38:of Davidson Seamount.
2121:Marine bacteriophage
2083:Marine invertebrates
1229:. September 18, 2008
284:pyroclastic material
2476:Submarine volcanoes
1997:Ocean fertilization
1806:Trophic state index
1764:Lake stratification
1494:Aquatic respiration
1302:. November 20, 2008
1269:). January 26, 2006
1138:2009MEPS..374...23L
1073:2009PLoSO...4.4141M
1027:. February 11, 2009
919:"Davidson Seamount"
170:9–15 million years
112: /
2263:Intertidal wetland
2258:Intertidal ecology
2126:Marine prokaryotes
2068:Deep-sea community
1962:Iron fertilization
1885:Specific examples
1811:Upland and lowland
1729:Freshwater biology
1594:Microbial food web
1504:Aquatic toxicology
1447:Aquatic adaptation
1400:Aquatic ecosystems
799:. Earthref.org, a
793:"Seamount Catalog"
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718:marine sanctuaries
599:
588:
402:Paragorgia arborea
394:Coryphaenoides sp.
345:argon–argon dating
264:underwater volcano
231:California's coast
210:) located off the
208:underwater volcano
158:underwater volcano
116:35.717°N 122.717°W
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2429:Oceans portal
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2098:Seashore wildlife
1929:Marine ecosystems
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1684:Thermal pollution
1649:Ramsar Convention
1589:Microbial ecology
1549:Fisheries science
1489:Aquatic predation
1147:10.3354/meps07745
984:"Ask an Explorer"
797:Seamount database
536:the section above
330:San Andreas Fault
272:blocky lava flows
200:Davidson Seamount
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765:Executive Order
761:
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692:research vessel
674:growth patterns
630:deep-sea corals
611:George Davidson
595:George Davidson
580:
575:
525:Monterey Canyon
509:
461:deep-sea corals
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138:, United States
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36:Bathymetric map
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2169:Saltwater fish
2166:
2164:Marine reptile
2161:
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2147:
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2143:
2138:
2136:Marine viruses
2133:
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2113:Microorganisms
2109:
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2103:Wild fisheries
2100:
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2039:
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2029:
2024:
2019:
2017:Thorson's rule
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
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1972:Marine biology
1969:
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1831:Brackish marsh
1828:
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1808:
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1788:
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1771:
1766:
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1759:Lake ecosystem
1756:
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1749:Hyporheic zone
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1599:Microbial loop
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1544:Eutrophication
1541:
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1524:Cascade effect
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1452:Aquatic animal
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1344:
1343:External links
1341:
1338:
1337:
1313:
1280:
1240:
1211:
1180:
1163:"Mission Plan"
1153:
1106:
1038:
1001:
990:. July 7, 2009
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666:water currents
662:
661:
658:
655:
649:
618:volcanologists
579:
576:
574:
571:
513:deep-sea coral
508:
507:Deep-sea coral
505:
396:) in front of
388:
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379:
365:
358:
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349:
255:
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224:deep-sea coral
195:
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190:Discovery date
187:
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2323:Sponge ground
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2288:Marine biomes
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2199:
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2189:Demersal fish
2187:
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2184:Deep-sea fish
2182:
2180:
2177:
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2172:
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2167:
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2159:Marine mammal
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695:Western Flyer
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639:(MBARI), and
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176:Last eruption
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97:
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52:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2481:Monterey Bay
2471:Oceanography
2343:Conservation
2194:Pelagic fish
2174:Coastal fish
2078:Marine fungi
1816:Water garden
1699:Water column
1644:Productivity
1619:Pelagic zone
1579:Macrobenthos
1569:Hydrobiology
1539:Ecohydrology
1354:SIMoN images
1329:. Retrieved
1325:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1295:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1258:
1231:. Retrieved
1202:. Retrieved
1171:. Retrieved
1156:
1125:
1119:
1109:
1067:(1): e4141.
1064:
1058:
1029:. Retrieved
992:. Retrieved
963:. Retrieved
934:. Retrieved
882:. Retrieved
848:. Retrieved
805:. Retrieved
796:
787:
769:Donald Trump
762:
750:
735:
730:Monterey Bay
722:Cordell Bank
701:
694:
687:Planet Earth
685:
663:
653:bamboo coral
634:
627:
615:
600:
552:
548:
540:
529:
510:
498:
486:
477:basket stars
458:
454:cosmopolitan
442:
430:
425:
417:biodiversity
414:
401:
393:
368:Benthoctopus
366:
343:Analysis of
342:
303:
295:Monterey Bay
291:Mount Shasta
288:
280:volcanic ash
257:
246:part of the
228:
199:
198:
72:Summit depth
18:
2328:Sponge reef
2303:Rocky shore
2298:Oyster reef
2268:Kelp forest
2151:Vertebrates
2051:Marine life
2027:Viral shunt
1992:Marine snow
1894:Maharashtra
1801:Stream pool
1704:Zooplankton
1624:Photic zone
1584:Meiobenthos
1437:Algal bloom
1173:December 6,
1031:December 7,
994:December 3,
884:December 2,
807:29 November
578:Exploration
567:DNA studies
276:pillow lava
166:Age of rock
119: /
94:Coordinates
2455:Categories
2308:Salt marsh
2243:Coral reef
2032:Whale fall
2012:Photophore
1889:Everglades
1857:Ecoregions
1796:Stream bed
1769:Macrophyte
1722:Freshwater
1554:Food chain
1467:Water bird
1331:2017-10-25
1306:2 December
1273:6 December
1233:8 December
1204:6 December
965:2 December
936:2 December
850:2009-11-29
779:References
622:biologists
609:scientist
371:sp. and a
299:Santa Cruz
220:San Simeon
136:California
2333:Tide pool
2238:Cold seep
2022:Upwelling
1786:Rheotaxis
1779:Fish pond
1754:Limnology
1679:Substrate
1664:Siltation
1534:Dead zone
1132:: 23–32.
532:lava rock
490:anchoring
446:megafauna
390:Grenadier
318:Rodriguez
297:from the
250:in 2009.
2440:Category
2366:HERMIONE
2283:Mangrove
2093:Seagrass
1639:Pleuston
1634:Plankton
1614:Particle
1559:Food web
1101:19127302
1060:PLoS ONE
697:and the
494:trawling
434:food web
322:latitude
260:seamount
216:Monterey
204:seamount
154:Seamount
107:122°43′W
88:Location
2293:Mudflat
2253:Estuary
2223:Bay mud
2201:Seabird
1957:f-ratio
1940:General
1821:Wetland
1609:Neuston
1574:Hypoxia
1519:Biomass
1509:Benthos
1425:General
1134:Bibcode
1092:2613552
1069:Bibcode
1025:PhysOrg
803:Project
702:Tiburon
573:History
543:PhysOrg
517:sponges
481:benthic
467:field,
450:endemic
438:endemic
422:endemic
351:Ecology
314:Gumdrop
310:Pioneer
254:Geology
237:of the
185:History
143:Geology
132:Country
104:35°43′N
2278:Lagoon
1604:Nekton
1462:Mammal
1457:Insect
1099:
1089:
932:. 2006
728:, and
559:larvae
465:sponge
392:fish (
338:crater
316:, and
80:Height
1669:Spawn
1292:(PDF)
1267:MBARI
1255:(PDF)
922:(PDF)
563:sinks
469:crabs
306:Guide
202:is a
1774:Pond
1308:2009
1300:NOAA
1275:2009
1235:2009
1227:NOAA
1206:2009
1198:NOAA
1175:2009
1167:NOAA
1097:PMID
1033:2009
996:2009
988:NOAA
967:2009
959:NOAA
938:2009
926:NOAA
886:2009
878:NOAA
840:NOAA
809:2009
753:NOAA
672:and
515:and
492:and
373:clam
282:and
243:NOAA
193:1933
149:Type
1836:Fen
1826:Bog
1142:doi
1126:374
1087:PMC
1077:doi
699:ROV
682:BBC
670:age
2457::
1324:.
1298:.
1294:.
1261:.
1257:.
1243:^
1225:.
1214:^
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1183:^
1165:.
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1041:^
1023:.
1004:^
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894:^
876:.
859:^
838:.
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426:is
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1136::
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1065:4
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998:.
969:.
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888:.
853:.
842:(
811:.
680:(
400:(
206:(
160:)
156:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
