Dawoodi Bohra - Knowledge

4630: 1924:, removal of the clitoral hood or clitoral glans. A gynaecologist who took part in the study examined 20 Bohra women and found that both the clitoris and clitoral hood had been cut in most cases. According to the Dawoodi Bohra Women's Association for Religious Freedom, the study's conclusions did not reflect the views of most Bohra women. In Australia in 2018, the convictions of three members of the Bohra community, related to performing FGM on two girls, were overturned when the appeal court accepted that the tip of each girl's clitoris was still visible and had not been "mutilated"; the defence position was that only "symbolic khatna" had been performed. The 976: 530: 4638: 2069:

commemorate Ashara Mubaraka with Mufaddal Saifuddin, the 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq.This zero-waste policy was also adopted at the 2019 Ashara Mubaraka in Colombo. Dana Committee volunteers helped with portion control and distributed leftover food to the disadvantaged. In line with the UAE's policy to mark 2023 as the Year of Sustainability, the 2023 Ashara Mubaraka in Dubai, attended by more than 75,000, also adopted a zero food wastage policy. The Ashara Mubaraka congregations also aligned with the UAE's waste-to-energy initiative, in which organic waste collected during meals is converted into energy.

1478: 1204: 1367: 1704: 2142:. The redevelopment project spans over an area of 16.5 acres comprising 250 decrepit buildings, 3,200 families,and 1,250 shops.The area is being transformed into a healthy and sustainable development comprising 11 new towers, wider roads,modern infrastructure,open spaces and highly visible commercial areas. Relocated residential and commercial tenants will own their new premises at no cost to them. Due to the scope of the project the largest "cluster redevelopment" project in India at an estimated cost of 38: 1810:.Aljamea's predecessor is Dars-e-Saifee , an Islamic theology school established by the 43rd Da'i al-Mutlaq Abdeali Saifuddin, in 1814 in Surat, Gujarat. A century later, the 51st Da'i al-Mutlaq Taher Saifuddin renovated and institutionalized it as a university. His son and successor, Mohammed Burhanuddin, further expanded its reach and scope, opening campuses in three more cities and establishing a dedicated center for Qur'anic sciences, Mahad al-Zahra. The second campus was founded in 1983 in 567:, a town in Gujarat, was one of the Bohras who travelled to Yemen to seek knowledge from the Dai. Najmuddin arrived in Yemen while still in his youth and first studied under Hasan bin Nuh al-Bharuchi. He was eventually appointed the 23rd Dai as his successor and became the first from the Indian community to lead the Tayyibi Da’wa as the 24th al-Mutlaq. When Najmuddin died in CE 1567/H 974, the central headquarters of the Da’wah were transferred from Yemen to Gujarat by his Indian successor, 1544: 592: 339:(unrestricted missionary) who, like the imam, preserves and protects the faith until the imam's return. After the 21st Imam chose seclusion in 1132, the Al-dai al-mutlaq operated from Yemen and subsequently from India, for over the last 450 years. The Dais are considered to have played an important role in shaping the lives of Dawoodi Bohras and contributing to the community's progress over the last nine centuries. 68: 331:, members of the Prophet Mohammed's family, are the rightful imams and successors of the like all Shia Muslims, they hold that Ali bin Abi Talib, the Prophet Mohammed's legatee, succeeded him and provided an interpretation and explanation of the Holy Quran. A fundamental tenet of the Dawoodi Bohra faith is that there will always be an imam on earth, descended from the Prophet through his grandson 3820: 2029:, launched Turning the Tide, a campaign to remove plastic from oceans, rivers, and beaches.On 6 November 2023, ahead of the COP28 World leaders summit, Shahzada Husain Burhanuddin on behalf of his fatherSyedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, attended the COP28 Global Faith leaders summit among 28 Faith leaders in Abu Dhabi and signed a joint appeal to take meaningful action in addressing climate crisis. 660: 1677:

congregation, it forms an important socio-cultural center for the community, the masjids are also a center for education and sessions of learning, in line with Fatimid traditions. A masjid complex usually houses a dining hall for communal meals, called a mawaid or jamaat khana,as well as classrooms and administrative offices. The masjid are predominantly constructed in a distinct

1907:(FGM). The procedure is for the most part performed without anaesthesia by a traditional circumciser when girls reach their seventh year. Non-Bohra women who seek to marry into the community are also required to undergo it. There are no authoritative studies on the extent of the practice among the Bohra. A 1911 Bombay census of unknown reliability noted that they were performing 319:. They number approximately one million worldwide and have settled in over 40 countries around the world. The majority of the Dawoodi Bohra community resides in India, with sizable congregations in Pakistan, Yemen, East Africa, and the Middle East. They also have a growing presence in Europe, North America, and Australia. The present leader is the 53rd al-Dai al-Mutlaq, 1690:

while women participate in prayers and sermons from large galleries on the floors. Building new and restoring old masjids is an important part of Dawoodi Bohra culture. The last half-century has seen a surge in the building of Bohra masjids across the world, especially after the landmark restoration of al-Jami al-Anwar (the mosque of al-Hakim) in Cairo in 1980.

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are now increasingly expanding and transitioning to digital entrepreneurship, utilizing online platforms to market diverse products. Supported by community institutions, they receive financial aid, training, and access to virtual markets, showcasing how digital ventures empower women while also allowing them to fulfil their commitments to their families.

1445:) in the beginning of the month of For them, Husayn ibn Ali's martyrdom epitomizes the values of humanity, justice, and truth. They consider his sacrifice and stand against tyranny, to offer lessons in bravery, loyalty, and compassion. These values, they believe, inculcate in them a spirit of self-sacrifice, forbearance, and adherence to their faith. 2235:, 2018): "Given that most girls are cut at age seven, without anesthesia, by traditional cutters, and the procedure happens in a minute or two, the operator cannot get enough separation between the clitoris and the skin surrounding the clitoris. So, usually they end up cutting the clitoris along with the skin covering the clitoris." 2053:) aims to eliminate food wastage. As of 2021, the committee has 6000 volunteers across 40 countries. After congregations, these volunteers collect untouched leftovers and distribute them to the deprived. To prevent wastage of food due to excess cooking or poor turnout, the committee uses custom web and mobile 790:

The Dai preaches Quranic precepts, which are the foundation of the faith, and guides the community on the path of salvation. Over the nine centuries that this office has existed, each Dai is considered to have played an important role in shaping the community's social and economic progress. Community

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Bohra women integrate business and work with their religious practices and cultural ethos, bolstered by time honoured community principles of women empowerment that can be traced back all the way to the Prophet Mohammed's wife Khadija.Traditionally engaged in physical businesses,women as well as men

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did so in the aftermath of a severe drought in Kathiawar. The 43rd Dai, Abdeali Saifuddin, invited 12,000 of his followers to Surat, and provided food, work and lodgings for all of them. His only conditions were that they learn and practice vocational skills, and he gave them their earnings when it

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The Dawoodi Bohras are a close-knit Muslim community. Their faith is founded on the conviction that there is only one deity, Allah that the Islamic prophet Mohammed is the last of the Prophets and, that the Holy Quran is the message of Allah. They follow the sharia-mandated tenets of Islam, such as

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In September 2018, the Golden Book of World Record (GBWR) recognized and awarded the Dawoodi Bohra community for undertaking the largest zero-waste religious event as part of the community's Ashara Mubaraka sermons in Indore. The event was attended by 150,000 Bohras, who had gathered in Indore to

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Dawoodi Bohras observe all significant occasions on the Muslim calendar, such as Muharram, Ramadan, Eid al Fitr and Eid al Adha and Mawlid al Nabi. They also observe some occasions particular to their sect, such as the death anniversaries of previous dais and the birthday of the current dai. These

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Qardan Hasana contributions from the Bohras are voluntarily made to an institutionally-maintained loan corpus, which is also funded in large part by the Da'i al-Mutlaq. The office of the Da'i al-Mutlaq has appointed committees at the city level to oversee the management of this corpus. The Bohras

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engraved on its walls. Some Dawoodi Bohra masjids in India,such as the newly restored Saifee Masjid in Bhendi Bazaar, Mumbai, feature a fusion of Fatimid, Indian, and classical architecture. The masjids are usually multi-storied structures,the main prayer hall on the ground floor is used by men

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The seclusion of al-Tayyib led to the establishment of the office of al-Dai al-Mutlaq in Yemen. The Indian community which had pledged allegiance to the Fatimids continued to remain loyal to the Dais in Yemen. This resulted in a secession with the Hafizis, led by Al-Tayyib's uncle, Abd al-Majid.

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Nearly 200,000 Dawoodi Bohras from all over the world attended the 10-day Moharram observance which culminated here Wednesday as Ashura, under the guidance of their 102-year-old spiritual head Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin...Elaborate arrangements for lodging, boarding, transportation, medical and

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by donating to local food banks. Since then, based on Islamic traditions of philanthropy, Project Rise has expanded to launch programs that focus on healthcare, nutrition, sanitation and hygiene, and environmental conservation. As part of these drives, volunteers attempt to raise the standard of

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not abhor any science or shun any book, and not be unduly biased against any creed; for our philosophy and creed encompasses all creeds and all knowledge; our creed consists of studying all existing things in their entirety, the physical and the intellectual, from their beginning to their end,

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a charitable trust for environmental awareness, conservation of biological diversity, effective utilisation of resources, pollution control, and other related cause. In 2017, Mufaddal Saifuddin, Burhanuddin's successor, initiated a worldwide program to plant 200,000 tree saplings. In 2018, the

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is the nuclues of Dawoodi Bohra communitiesarounf the world. It was often the practice ofBohras who migrated to a new city or country to build a masjid (or a markaz- community center- if it was not possible to build a masjid). While a Dawoodi Bohra masjid is primarily a place of worship and

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He shifted the community headquarters from Surat to Mumbai, which had become a major centre of trade and commerce in India. His emphasis on acquiring higher education across disciplines saw many young Dawoodi Bohras go on to settle in different parts of the world, resulting in thriving new

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in 1597. A special tribunal decided in favour of Dawood Bin Qutubshah. However, this did not dissolve tensions, leading to a schism in the community. A majority of Bohras acknowledged Dawood Bin Qutubshah as the rightful successor and henceforth came to be known as Dawoodis (or Da’udis.)

2008:. This leads to their belief that every religion is related to one another, that all of creation shares the same purpose. and that true fulfillment is in achieving balance between religious and societal duties, in resourcefulness philanthropy and environmental responsibility. 556:

Meanwhile, the community in Gujarat had maintained ties with their Dais in Yemen, who closely supervised their affairs and regularly welcomed Bohra delegations from Gujarat. During this time, the community grew in size, especially in Cambay, Patan, Sidhpur, and Ahmedabad.

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Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin inaugurated the newly reconstructed Saifee Masjid and its complex on the eve of Milad al Nabi in September 2023.This complex known as Sector 1 was demolished and redeveloped with modern sustainable amenities and a commercial shopping arcade.

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overturned that decision in October 2019, ruling that the phrase "otherwise mutilates" in Australian law does encompass cutting or nicking the clitoris. As a result, the convictions were upheld, and the defendants received custodial sentences of at least 11 months.

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The meal begins and ends with a taste of salt, traditionally said to cleanse the palate and prevent diseases. Bohras usually wear a topi (cap)during the meal and eat with their hands. A common etiquette is for the host to offer to wash their guests' hands using a

1757:(FMB) community kitchens to deliver at least one meal per day to all Bohra families and to ensure no one goes to bed hungry. FMB proved beneficial to women in particular as household work reduced, freeing up time to pursue other activities. Meals are delivered in 411:. The majlis is an age-old practise of the community in which they congregate on major dates in the Islamic calendar. The Bohra community during their gatherings, eat in groups of eight or nine people, seated around a big metal plate called a thaal. 1917:, the Bohra remove either the clitoral hood or the tip of the clitoris. Supporters of the practice say that the Bohra remove only the clitoral hood or perform symbolic nicking, and that it should be referred to as "female circumcision", not FGM. 1855:, women of the Bohra faith are among the best-educated women in the Indian subcontinent. Female Bohra around the world have become business owners, lawyers, doctors, teachers and leaders in a range of professions. At an interfaith celebration of 5449: 327:

reciting the Quran, performing the five daily prayers (Salah), and fasting during the month of Ramadan, and the mandatory Hajj pilgrimage to Makkah and the Prophet's shrine in Medina. At the core of their faith is the belief that the

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It is customary among the Bohras to visit mausoleums, mosques, and other places of religious importance in Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iran, Iraq, and India. In most places, a community-administered complex

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A significant volume of literature, from Fatimid-era text to treatises,discourses and poetry the Dua't Mutlaqeen are part of the Jamea curriculum. Per tradition, the current Da'i al-Mutlaq presides over annual examinations

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at the apex of the dome. The interior is usually lit up in incandescent light and Quranic verses are inscribed on its walls. These mausoleums embody several meanings in the form of their structure and build. As an example,

798:) in Yemen by Queen Arwa bint Ahmed when the 21st Imam went into seclusion. Over the next 400 years, 23 Dais established the Dawat in Yemen. The seat of the Dawat then transferred from Yemen to India, where the 24th Dai, 6124: 1814:, Pakistan. A third campus was established in Nairobi, Kenya in 2011, and a fourth in 2013 in Mumbai, India. The libraries of Jamea preserve rare Arabic manuscripts. Other departments of Jamea specialize in the art of 1764:

Whilst FMB has substantially increased food security within the Bohra community, in times of crisis (such as natural disaster or the COVID-19 pandemic), it has also supplied meals and provisions to the wider society.

578:. However, three years later, Sulayman bin Hasan, a high-ranking dignitary in Yemen, claimed the succession to the leadership of the community for himself. This succession dispute was brought before the Mughal emperor 6142: 6233: 1806:(Jamea) is the community's primary educational and cultural institute. Selected students pursue rigorous Islamic and Arabic studies for up to 11 years, and are trained to subsequently lead various institutions 1219:

which matches the lunar cycle of 354 days (and hence requires no adjustments). The odd-numbered months have 30 days and the even-numbered months have 29 days—except in a leap year when the 12th and final month,

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is engraved 113 times in precious stones, and four doors, one on each side of the wall, are clad with silver. The inner side of the dome proclaims, "Allah holds the sky and earth together which none else can."

6440: 802:, became the first Dai to assume office from this region. Despite territorial and political upheavals through different periods, the Dais persevered and continued to lead the faithful and preserve the faith. 5907:

In another Hadith, the Prophet Muhammed (peace be upon him) said: The food of one person is sufficient for two, the food of two people suffices for four people and the food of four people suffices for eight.

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is first taken at whatever age a child is deemed to have reached maturity: most commonly, thirteen years for girls, fourteen or fifteen for boys. These vows are renewed throughout of a Bohra's adult life.

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laid foundation for Clusters I and III. In 2020, 600 residents and 128 shop owners were relocated to the completed twin towers called Al Saadah, marking completion of the project's first phase.

5540: 4604: 2887: 6050: 1589:, who is buried there. The sanctum of the mausoleum is 51 × 51 feet, which symbolises Saifuddin's position as the 51st Dai al-Mutlaq. The entire Quran is inscribed in gold on its walls, whilst 6496: 5993: 4983: 4139: 3381: 447:, descendants of the Prophet Mohammed, ruled over North Africa and Egypt, Hejaz, and the Levant between the 10th and 11th centuries. They flourished during what Maurice Lombard called the 6337: 4843: 5749: 2253:

Project Rise is chartered to help eradicate poverty and hunger, improve health and education, empower women, avoid waste, and preserve the environment – align with the United Nations

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In June 2018, the Bohra community launched Project Rise, a philanthropy programme focused on the marginalized and the poor. Their first initiative, undertaken in collaboration with

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During the seclusion of the Imam, his vicegerent, al-Dai al-Mutlaq was appointed to lead the community and administer, with complete authority, its secular and religious affairs.

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other requirements of the visitors were made...For the benefit of the global community members, the discourses were relayed live via internet to over 650 community centres.

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containers daily, and have a rotating menu. As of 2021, FMB community kitchens, usually built near mosques, are operational in every Bohra community throughout the world.

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In line with Islamic traditions, the Bohras seek both religious and secular education. Women's education is encouraged, and higher education is common in the community.

4184: 2004:, has been to be loyal to one's country of residence. A migratory community, they participate in the culture and society they live in, but stay conservative enough to 6072: 5118: 3491: 6674: 5970: 6171: 5283: 4223: 3587: 2385: 2057:

apps. Before a meal commences, volunteers remind attendees of their responsibility as Muslims in ensuring no food goes to waste. The Bohras also participate in the

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from dawn to dusk. The Bohras congregate in their local mosques for daily prayers (particularly for the evening prayers), and break the day-long fast with the

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Over the next few centuries, the Bohra headquarters moved within India with the changing location of the Dai. The centre of the Da’wah has been in six places:

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acceded to the office of al-Dai al-Mutlaq as the 51st Dai, He is credited with revitalising the community by restructuring its organisation on modern lines.

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style. The Bohras' cultural attire is known as Libas al-Anwar and men usually grow a full beard. Prominent religious festivals include Eid-e-Milad an-Nabi,

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Joining each other for meals is a well-known Dawoodi Bohra custom. Families and friends gather around sharing the meal from a large circular tray called

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Twenty-three Dais operated from their mountain bases in Yemen for nearly four centuries, preserving the faith and authoring seminal works. The 19th Dai,

4882: 4436: 4147: 3391: 4339: 2898: 6341: 6015: 3466: 5472: 1224:, has 30 days. This contrasts with other Muslim communities, which base the beginnings of specific Islamic months on sightings of the moon crescent. 908:

remains community's dominant liturgical language, Lisan al-Dawat is its language of sermons and its medium of official and day-to-day communication.

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twice a day, one each in the morning and in the evening, recounting Husayn ibn Ali's sacrifice, which forms the central theme of the discourse. The

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Starting in the early 19th century, some community members emigrated in search of better livelihoods. The first wave of Bohra traders to migrate to

3857: 3775: 4987: 3882: 5366: 2134:(SBUT) to undertake one of urban India's largest makeover projects believed to impact lives of around 20,000 people. It's mandate was to rebuild 6263: 4853: 3233: 3210: 5250: 4969: 4805: 3797: 3546: 5798: 4161: 2966:

An Authentic Account of the Pontifical Office of Dai-l-Mutlaq and its fifty first incumbent His Holiness Sardar Saiyedna Taher Saifuddin Saheb

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Reciting verses from the Quran, the Awqaf official said: '...and eat and drink be not extravagant; surely does not love the extravagant.'

5658: 2827: 7112: 545:, Gujarat) in AD 1067/H 460 and soon won many converts, including local rulers. Abdullah was the first Wali ( representative) in India. 342:

Mostly self-reliant, the Bohras are typically well-educated traders, businesspersons, and entrepreneurs. The word "Bohra" comes from the

6425: 2933: 2471: 1871:) praised the Bohras for having "used their voices to make progress on countless issues including gender equality and the environment." 904:. Lisan al-Dawat, which takes its basic structure from Gujarati developed as a medium to articulate Islamic values and heritage. Though 6185: 2320: 959:. Its distinguishing features are bright colors, decorative patterns and lace, and the fact that it does not cover a woman's face. The 6028: 3904: 3728: 2441: 2176:

After completing the first phase of the project SBUT initiated construction work on the second phase of the project in February 2021.

5775: 5644: 3933: 2334: 1868: 1797: 6385: 5708: 5683: 4086: 3187: 2281: 5320: 4200: 541:, the 18th Imam, sent a Dai named Abdullah from Yemen to initiate the Da’wah on his behalf. Abdullah arrived in Cambay (modern day 435:

Islam. Reverence for the Fatimid Imams, whose lineage traces back to Mohammed's daughter Fatima is fundamental to Bohras' beliefs.

3499: 7574: 5978: 3674: 3053: 2114:, the Prime Minister of India acknowledged the community's social service. In 2019 and 2020, volunteers in North America marked 4231: 4068: 3597: 7569: 4655: 4325: 2351: 1390:. The Bohras believe that Husayn's sacrifice was foretold by Muhammad, and that he was destined to change the course of Islam 7193: 5349: 3304: 3156: 3102: 2859: 2746: 2572: 2454: 2328: 635:

was time for them to leave Surat. Many from this group decided to use this capital to venture forth to trade in East Africa.

335:, to carry on the task of leading the faithful. When the imam chooses to withdraw from public view, he is represented by the 6819: 6739: 7584: 7198: 6355: 5849: 5327: 4311: 3572: 1971: 1678: 5872: 3743: 3345: 2306:

Schleifer, Abdallah; Elgawhary, Tarek; Ahmed, Aftab; Al-Meheid, Minwer; Elqabbany, Moustafa; Asfour, Zeinab, eds. (2013).

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A qualitative study in 2018 carried out by WeSpeakOut, a group opposed to FGM, concluded that most Bohra girls experience

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Several sub-committees and trusts administer different aspects of a local Bohra community under the purview of respective

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The status of women in the Bohra community underwent a major change in the latter half of the 20th century. According to

5622: 5502: 3984: 6295: 4497: 1884: 1007:, a large cloth that covers the floor. Each course of the meal is served one after the other for those seated at the 7012: 6987: 6962: 6937: 6912: 6860: 6808: 6787: 6762: 6716: 6685: 6663: 6640: 6587: 6524: 6080: 3440: 2787: 2644: 2597: 683:(Islamic holy creed): "There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, Ali is the guardian of Allah". 521:, whereby each Da'i appoints a successor in his own lifetime. As of 2024 the chain of succession was uninterrupted. 6556: 6459: 5734: 1982:, which encompasses their different essences, their diverse species, their various types, and their changing forms. 916:

The Dawoodi Bohras wear distinct attire. The men traditionally dress in a predominantly white, three-piece outfit:

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https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-bohra-volunteers-serve-150000-meals-every-day-on-ashara-mubaraka-congregations

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Transplanted Continuity: Examining the Ethno-Spatial Prospect of the Dawoodi Bohra Community in Southern California

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schools teach sciences, humanities, and arts. In 1984, Mohammed Burhanuddin established the first MSB schools in

1569:) provides accommodation, business centers, dining, and various recreational activities to the traveling Bohras. 7035: 5480: 7213: 5092: 4289: 3054:"An interview with Jonah Blank, author of Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity among the Daudi Bohras" 2684: 2524: 2416: 832:

The Bohras are primarily traders and businesspersons, while some are industrialists and skilled professionals.

5075: 3783: 7168: 3890: 2254: 1145:(as opposed to the lender), this model has played an important role in the economic growth of the community. 5890: 2106:, volunteers sent aid to the Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Gujarat; while during the 1921: 967:

is folded to one side to allow a woman's face to be visible, but it can be worn over the face when desired.

7371: 7263: 6561: 6271: 5404: 4597:"Dawoodi Bohras join other volunteers to serve migrants food, water during their arduous journey back home" 3218: 2449:. Ministry of National Coexistence, Dialogue and Official Languages, Government of Sri Lanka. p. 291. 2194: 7090: 7024:"Dawoodi Bohra implementation of meaning making methods for successful establishment in Western societies" 4826: 3805: 1838:

examination where they are questioned by rectors of the institute and occasionally by the Da'i al-Mutlaq.

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Saifuddin, the 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq, presides over a Muharram gathering at Mohammedi Masjid, Houston, 2015.

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As of 2021, there are an estimated 1 million Dawoodi Bohras around the world. The majority reside in the

568: 6543:. Silsilat al-turāth al-Fāṭimī. Vol. 6. Translated by Mustafa Ghalib. Dar al-Andalus. p. 738. 4908: 4581: 4108: 3865: 3821:"Vicissitudes of a Holy Place: Construction, Destruction and Commemoration of Mashhad Ḥusayn in Ascalon" 3417: 3258:

Madraswala, Aliasger. "Lisan al-Da'wah: Between Expression and Identity" (Document). Harvard University.

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4000 crores), it has been subject to logistical and regulatory challenges, resulting in several delays.

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occasions typically bring together members of the community for educational sermons and communal meals.

7098: 7085: 6904: 6779: 6708: 6632: 6579: 5600: 4806:"Chapter 4: The Management System of Dawoodi Bohra for Maximum Literacy Rate Through Quranic Education" 2915: 2107: 2005: 1988: 1945: 1266:) meal together. Ramadan is a month of heightened spirituality activity for the Bohras that ends with 720: 692: 373:. Whilst adherence to traditional values is important for the community, they are also known for their 5570: 4362: 5750:"Afroz Shah gives Mithi River a new life, manages to clear 1.25-km stretch in Mithi of plastic waste" 2199: 1904: 1777: 452: 7056: 6617: 6319: 4409: 3131: 2998:"Bombay high court rejects Dawoodi Bohra succession suit, upholds Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin's claim" 529: 7346: 5037:"Dawoodi Bohra women organize first-ever business expo in U.S. to showcase female entrepreneurship" 4750: 2479: 1485:

To facilitate marriages among the Dawoodi Bohra, Taher Saifuddin, the 51st Da'i al-Mutlaq, started

1240:, the 9th month of the Islamic calendar, the Dawoodi Bohras like rest of Islamic world, observe a 1216: 497: 6189: 4386: 1792:. As of 2021, 24 MSB schools operate in southeast Asia the Middle East and Africa affiliated to 7564: 7411: 7356: 7243: 6036: 5358: 4814:

Conceptual study of the Quranic education system managed under Dawoodi Bohra Spiritual leadership

4008: 3980: 3912: 3748: 2506:"The Iḥyāʾ of al-Jāmiʿ al-Anwar: Religious Values in the Restoration of Sacred Islamic Monuments" 1925: 1613:, manages the affairs of the close-knit Dawoodi Bohra community through a distributed network of 1555: 6872: 5232: 2122:

living of the disadvantaged through revamped housing, access to food, and improved well-being.

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The Daudi Bohras (Mustali Ismaili Shia) Using Modernity to Institutionalise a Fatimid Tradition

2819: 2289: 2026: 1626: 1477: 1322: 727: 463: 3294: 3146: 3092: 2897:. No. 40. Section authored by Taibali Hamzali. Kenya Museum Society. 2012. Archived from 1391: 7406: 7316: 7258: 7223: 7125: 7043: 6979: 5814:"Abu Dhabi: Powerful interfaith document promising climate change signed by 28 faith leaders" 2946: 2083: 1891: 1031:(savoury dish), and then the main course. Food wastage is frowned upon. Those seated at the 553:, wrote numerous works, including a comprehensive and detailed history of the Fatimid faith. 420: 5328:"Genital mutilation convictions overturned after new evidence showing victims remain intact" 3057: 7431: 7336: 7326: 7306: 7253: 6420: 5541:"Indore: Work for welfare of humanity, says spiritual leader Dr. Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin" 5345: 2017: 1803: 1750: 1520: 1361: 857: 795: 575: 6837: 6234:"Exordium Networks, Inc. Involved in Local and Global Charitable "Upliftment" Initiatives" 4812: 1149:

use these loans to finance their enterprises, acquire homes, and pursue higher education.

8: 7469: 7361: 7321: 7273: 7233: 7148: 6954: 6393: 4659: 1781: 664: 538: 456: 343: 138: 312: 7436: 7421: 7401: 7386: 7341: 7331: 7218: 7208: 7203: 7031: 6929: 6727: 6605: 4984:"Dawoodi Bohras of Detroit Share Message of Unity and Peace with Friends and Neighbors" 4848: 4397: 3119: 2170: 2103: 1979: 1975: 1819: 1532: 806: 448: 320: 6771: 5119:"No official data on existence of Female Genital Mutilation in India, Centre tells SC" 5011:"Bohra digital entrepreneurship shows how religious communities can help women thrive" 7391: 7366: 7238: 7178: 7158: 7121: 7008: 6983: 6958: 6933: 6908: 6856: 6804: 6783: 6758: 6712: 6659: 6636: 6593: 6583: 6544: 6534: 6520: 6467: 4725: 4192: 3843: 3753: 3353: 3300: 3152: 3098: 2783: 2742: 2640: 2593: 2568: 2450: 2422: 2412: 2324: 1565: 1551: 1512: 1394:. Remembrance of the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, often linked to the hagiography of 1379: 1203: 901: 845: 799: 560: 550: 537:

The roots of the community's establishment in India go back to the Fatimid era, when

476: 444: 384: 336: 133: 2000:

The Bohras are considered politically neutral. The community's stance, in line with

1366: 615:

in the present-day state of Madhya Pradesh (two Dais, from 1737/1150 to 1779/1193);

7396: 6885: 6829: 5952: 5450:"Muslim as chief guest at RSS' function: Political compulsion or a paradigm shift?" 4818: 4717: 4064: 3835: 2355: 1656:. and administers and manages its socio-religious affairs. At the local mosque or 1523:, founded the International Taiseer al-Nikah Committee (ITNC), which now organizes 1395: 1241: 1051: 1039: 905: 893: 881: 873: 743: 471: 383:

is the language of the Bohras. The language is based on a Neo-Indo-Aryan language,

354:, meaning "to trade". Their heritage is derived from the traditions of the Fatimid 277: 206: 171: 128: 3148:

L'Afrique indienne: les minorités d'origine indo-pakistanaise en Afrique orientale

1352:) of prominent community leaders, and the birthday of the current Da'i al-Mutlaq. 623:

in the present-day state of Gujarat (eight Dais, from 1785/1200 to 1933/1351) and

7426: 7381: 7351: 7173: 7004: 6998: 6973: 6948: 6923: 6898: 6846: 6798: 6773: 6748: 6702: 6626: 6573: 6538: 6514: 5101: 4376:

Zameer Basrai. "Evolution of the Bohra Masjid in Gujarat". In Shikha Jain (ed.).

3020:. Beiträge zur 1. Kölner Afrikawissenschaftlichen Nachwuchstagung. Archived from 2762: 2736: 2634: 2562: 2505: 1963: 1864: 1586: 1043: 639: 467: 157: 6363: 2842: 1991:, an encyclopedic work on religion, sciences, and philosophy that permeates the 805:

The current leader of the Dawoodi Bohra community is the 53rd al-Dai al-Mutlaq,

4721: 3432: 2378:"Who are Dawoodi Bohras: 5 points to understand this Muslim community in India" 2118: 2115: 2062: 2058: 1908: 1375: 1047: 877: 451:, and were patrons of arts, learning, and scientific discovery. The 14th Imam, 380: 332: 123: 90: 37: 7079: 6796: 6143:"PM Modi interacts with Dawoodi Bohra community's Shahzada Husain Burhanuddin" 3954: 3296:

Calcutta Mosaic: Essays and Interviews on the Minority Communities of Calcutta

2257:. Bohras claim to follow this tradition of charity and activism for centuries. 1703: 7558: 7163: 6597: 6471: 4729: 4196: 3592: 2426: 2135: 2111: 1992: 1953: 1949: 1578: 1547: 1296: 739: 501: 428: 272: 5251:"'I was crying with unbearable pain': study reveals extent of FGM in India'" 4707:"Modernity in the frame of Mullah authorities in Dawoodi Bohra denomination" 4385:. Vol. 4. New Delhi: Center for Science and Environment. Archived from 3839: 3234:"Not just Sanskrit, Gujarati owes a lot to Arabic and Persian languages too" 2983: 7120: 6125:"Humanity over hate: Religious organizations help out with covid-19 relief" 2158: 2147: 2139: 2087: 1682: 1516:

are solemnized at the hands of the Da'i al-Mutlaq and his representatives.

1274: 1221: 1168: 517: 374: 267: 6533: 3819:

Talmon-Heller, Daniella; Kedar, Benjamin; Reiter, Yitzhak (January 2016).

829:

is spread across Europe, North America, the Middle East, and East Africa.

574:

When the 26th al-Dai al-Mutlaq died in CE 1589/H 997, he was succeeded by

6889: 6754: 5063:"All for 'Izzat' The Practice of Female Circumcision among Bohra Muslims" 3539:"DBWRF powers Great Dawoodi Bohra Cook-off with influencers in Kandivali" 2404: 2099: 1856: 1852: 1582: 1284: 1267: 716: 712: 631: 424: 404: 400: 328: 6873:"In the Age of Al-Fārābī: Arabic Philosophy in the Fourth-tenth Century" 6833: 5994:"Shining lesson on zero food wastage policy at massive Bohra conference" 4822: 2844:

A Brief Biographical Sketch of His Holiness Syedna Taher Saifuddin Saheb

1660:

under his jurisdiction, the Amil leads daily prayers, and presides over

1291:

traditions, on the 18th of Zil Hajj, the day Muhammad publicly anointed

1207:

Tazyeen (decoration) of Masjid al-Husaini in Colombo, the host venue of

864:, who emerged as the leader of the majority following a schism in 1588. 5902: 4520: 2564:

Al-Dai Al-Fatimi, Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin: an illustrated biography

1815: 1543: 1288: 1141:), which means interest-free loans. Based on the ideal of benefitting 1054:

cuisines, is known for its unique taste and dishes such as bohra-style

533:

A Gujarati Bohra pictured wearing white and gold turban with a red top.

432: 370: 316: 6821:

Intellectual upliftment through memorization of Quran: A social aspect

5414: 5104:, New York: United Nations Children's Fund, February 2016, footnote 2. 2244:

The Quran and the Hadiths inform Muslims to not be wasteful with food.

1035:

are encouraged to take smaller portions and expected to finish those.

852:, in reference to their traditional occupation as traders. The prefix 591: 7456: 6852: 6655: 5844: 5294: 5284:"'Heartwrenching' study shows FGM prevalent among India's Bohra sect" 5175: 4525: 4036: 3090: 2972:. Bombay, British India: The Times of India Press, Bombay. p. 1. 2162: 1941: 1835: 1823: 1648:

may number from a hundred to tens of thousands of Bohras. A resident

1176: 675:, Islam's central monotheistic concept of a single, indivisible God ( 616: 608: 600: 242: 201: 6557:"First Arabic Edition of 'Uyun al-akhbar in collaboration with IFPO" 5260: 2409:

Mullahs on the mainframe: Islam and modernity among the Daudi Bohras

2222:, in the Islamic context, has been mentioned six times in the Quran. 2130:

In 2009, Mohammed Burhanuddin, the 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq, established

791:

members seek and abide by his counsel in different aspects of life.

7000:

Al-Kimia: The Mystical Islamic Essence of the Sacred Art of Alchemy

6772:

M. J. L. Young; John Derek Latham; Robert Bertram Serjeant (2006).

4116: 3673:. Finance and Business Development, Dawat-e-Hadiyah. Archived from 2154: 1967: 1713: 1490: 1142: 1118: 897: 826: 822: 708: 698: 604: 564: 542: 408: 362: 259: 215: 193: 4637:. Government of the United Kingdom. September 2014. Archived from 2138:—a decrepit, under-developed, and dense muslim-majority locale in 1834:) every year. Senior Jamea students additionally undergo a public 936:, a crocheted white cap with a gold design. Men, adhering to the 7027: 6797:

Garry W. Trompf; Gunner B. Mikkelsen; Jay Johnston, eds. (2018).

6575:

A Short History of the Ismailis: Traditions of a Muslim Community

6548: 6170:(Press release). Global Newswire. 24 October 2019. Archived from 5070: 4340:"Bohra mosque opens in Sharjah today - News | Khaleej Times" 4032:"Dawoodi Bohras to flock to Indore for Syedna's Muharram sermons" 2095: 2091: 1913: 1860: 1811: 1785: 1591: 1402:, is among the most important events of the year for the Bohras. 1237: 1184: 1055: 747: 704: 697:

For an overview of the Mustaali Shi'a denomination of Islam, see

680: 233: 7072: 6950:

The Master and the Disciple: An Early Islamic Spiritual Dialogue

5971:"Bohras set world record for largest zero waste religious event" 2305: 1481:

Taher Saifuddin presides over a Rasm-e Saifee Nikah in Jamnagar.

369:, who ruled over North Africa between the 10th and 11th century 6649: 6441:"Bhendi Bazaar's home run: 550 families move into 2 new towers" 6294:. Governance, Democracy, and Politics. May 2016. Archived from 5945:"Global Dawoodi Bohra faith feeds the hungry on World Food Day" 5898: 5389: 5195:"UNICEF Estimate Of Female Genital Mutilation Up By 70 Million" 2945:(Thesis). Los Angeles: University of California. Archived from 2384:. Diligent Media Corporation. 24 September 2018. Archived from 2110:, volunteers distributed food packets among the poor. In 2020, 2001: 1958: 1789: 1758: 1717: 1673: 1630: 1573: 1326: 1183:

wholeheartedly and without reservation. This ceremony, akin to

1159: 1067: 956: 952: 937: 885: 672: 624: 612: 388: 366: 296: 250: 228: 6828:(Thesis). Shri Jagdishparasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University. 5157:

Anantnarayan, Lakshmi; Diler, Shabana; Menon, Natasha (2018).

4865: 4863: 4817:(Thesis). Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibarewala University. 4758: 4705:

Zaenal Muttaqin (2011). Siti Fauziyah; Mohamad Rohman (eds.).

3618: 3616: 2984:"His Holiness Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin; Chancellor of AMU" 2309:

The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021

2153:

Starting in 2010, the trust began building transit homes near

1572:

A Bohra mausoleum typically has white exteriors with a golden

6540:

Uyun al-akhbar wa-funun al-athar fi faḍail al-Aimmah al-aṭhar

6493:"Bhendi Bazaar cluster redevelopment: Civic authority issues" 6168:"Dawoodi Bohras in North America Support U.N. World Food Day" 4245: 4243: 4241: 2316: 2166: 1863:, Michigan, United States on 7 June 2019, U.S. Congresswoman 1686: 1661: 1399: 1383: 1301: 1246: 1164: 948: 928: 918: 818: 768: 759: 755: 735: 731: 676: 620: 579: 395:, and Persian vocabulary and is written in the Arabic script 223: 102: 73: 6416:"Congested Bhendi Bazaar in Mumbai gets a new spanking look" 5521: 5212: 4836: 4468:"'Community kitchen' gives Bohra women freedom from cooking" 4109:"Welcome to International Taiseer un Nikah Committee (ITNC)" 4057:"101 years: At Rasm-e-Saifee, lucky 41 tie the nuptial knot" 3999:"200,000 Dawoodi Bohras attend Mumbai's Moharram discourses" 3014:

Die Dawoodi Bohras – eine indische Gemeinschaft in Ostafrika

2679: 1452:, the Bohra communities all over the world host a series of 627:

in the state of Maharashtra, where the current Dai resides.

611:

region of Gujarat (five Dais, from 1655/1065 to 1737/1150);

6971: 5509: 5035:

4938: 4926: 4909:"At 6 This Youngest Hafiz Ever Is A Child Prodigy On Quran" 4860: 4785: 4773: 4686: 4255: 3977:"100,000 Dawoodi Bohras in Mumbai for discourses by Syedna" 3613: 3410:"Strong traditions, savoury flavours (and a palidu recipe)" 3386: 3031: 2054: 1387: 1279: 1175:

binds a believer to the duties owed to Allah, including an

1097: 1019:(basin and jug). At community feasts, the Bohras first eat 889: 751: 392: 355: 143: 6079:. Mumbai: Yahoo Finance. 17 September 2019. Archived from 4674: 4611: 4416: 4238: 3721:"12th Rabi ul Awwal, Mawlid, and the Hijri-Misri Calendar" 3514:"A community affair! How the Dawoodi Bohras celebrate Eid" 6750:

Ismaili Literature: A Bibliography of Sources and Studies

6210:(Press release). Calgary. 2 December 2019. Archived from 6204:"Dawoodi Bohras offer much-needed support to the elderly" 4950: 3698:

Hasanaat al-Qard al-Hasan al-Burhaniyah Department, Pg 11

2725:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 269. 2143: 1378:

was martyred along with his family and companions on the

1331: 1292: 794:

The 1st Dai, Dhu'ayb bin Musa, was appointed in 1138 (532

659: 619:, Madhya Pradesh (one Dai, from 1779/1193 to 1785/1200); 3818: 3635: 1464:

on occasion attract hundreds of thousands of followers.

872:

Dawoodi Bohras culture is a blend of Yemeni, Egyptian,

6840:

on 18 June 2020 – via shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in.

5637:"An Address by Syedna Burhanuddin on his 80th birthday" 5367:"High Court upholds NSW genital mutilation convictions" 4832:

on 24 June 2020 – via shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in.

4516:"How the Bohras enriched Kozhikode's cultural heritage" 3325: 3323: 6775:

Religion, learning, and science in the ʻAbbasid period

6386:"Tasees – Foundation Laying Ceremony of Sub Cluster 1" 6356:"Tasees – Foundation Laying Ceremony of Sub Cluster 3" 6021: 5300: 5266: 5181: 5156: 2125: 1171:, effected through God's representative on earth. The 1026: 1020: 466:, the 20th Fatimid imam, directed his grand emissary, 6675:"Sayyida Hurra: The Isma'ili Sulayhid Queen of Yemen" 4224:"Meher Marfatia: One hundred years behind the bazaar" 2888:"The Architectural Heritage of the Lamu Bohra Mosque" 2847:. Bombay, India: Dawoodi Bohra Book Depot. p. 6. 2411:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 156. 1737:

Communal meals are served in dining halls called the

1425:), the Dawoodi Bohras congregate for a series of ten 7531:

Jamal-al-Din Ali bin Sharaf-al-Din Husayn al-Makrami

6057:. Press Trust of India. 20 June 2018. Archived from 5200: 4716:. Vol. 28, no. 3. Indonesia. p. 449. 3930:"USA Dawoodi Bohras observe Ashara Mubaraka at home" 3320: 3274: 3262: 3211:"Four unique languages you can only hear in Karachi" 2723:

The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines (2nd ed.)

2689: 2288:. Indian Council on Global Relations. Archived from 500:

and to lead the faithful. Arwa bint Ahmad appointed

6725: 6188:. The Dawoodi Bohras. 25 March 2019. Archived from 6178: 6051:"'Project Rise' food assistance programme launched" 5277: 5275: 5094:

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern

3701: 3382:"Bohra Cuisine: A pinch of salt and desserts first" 3072: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 1652:, appointed by the dai is the president of a given 6871: 6516:The Dawoodi Bohras: an anthropological perspective 5429: 5134: 5132: 4185:"Raudat Tahera: Etched in stone, a labour of love" 3048: 3046: 2904:on 6 July 2021 – via kenyamuseumsociety.org. 2675:Gems of History: A Brief History of Doat Mutlaqeen 2671: 2615:Pedagogy in Islamic Education: The Madrasa Context 2567:. London: Al-Jamea-Tus-Saifiyah Press. p. 4. 2301: 2299: 1741:, which are generally part of the mosque complex. 1585:above the plinth: the number signifies the age of 983:about to commence their meal with a taste of salt. 496:) to act as vicegerent for his son, the 21st Imam 6029:"Get involved with us to support a child in need" 5920:"In holy Ramzan, Muslims urged not to waste food" 5495:"From text to context: An exercise in patriotism" 5112: 5110: 4970:"Letter: Dawoodi Bohra women of Detroit speak up" 4437:"Surat - The City of Unique Attractions, Gujarat" 4326:"Bohra leader to open grand Dh 25 million mosque" 2510:School of Architecture, Oxford Brookes University 7556: 6650:Joseph W. Meri; Jere L. Bacharach, eds. (2005). 6240:(Press release). 26 January 2017. Archived from 5865:"Islam does not accept food wastage at any time" 5272: 4883:"City's Arabic univ now opens campus in Nairobi" 3924: 3922: 3292: 3091:Kumar Suresh Singh; Rajendra Behari Lal (2003). 2539: 1720:), the largest Bohra community center in Europe. 1179:: a vow to accept the spiritual guidance of the 723:of Islam according to the Dawoodi Bohra faith. 6946: 6728:"Cosmology and Authority in Medieval Ismailism" 6073:"Dawoodi Bohras Support Flood Victims in India" 5129: 4704: 3043: 2678:. Colombo: Alvazaratus Saifiyah. Archived from 2296: 1187:, is mandatory to enter the fold of the faith. 474:queen of Yemen, to establish the office of the 459:, one of the oldest universities in the world. 42:Dawoodi Bohra family in their religious attire. 6975:The Fatimid Caliphate: Diversity of Traditions 6844: 6746: 6700: 6652:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia 6624: 6571: 5107: 5054: 4714:Al Qalam: Journal Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan 4140:"Mass procession organized by Bohra community" 3945: 3943: 3658: 3656: 3610:Quran; 2:245, 5:12, 57:11, 57:18, 64:17, 73:20 2628: 2626: 2624: 2592:. UK: Edinburgh University Press. p. 13. 1157:The rite of initiation for the Bohras is the 7106: 6925:The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning 6896: 6283: 6281: 5963: 5791:"Dawoodi Bohra women enlist in clean-up army" 4162:"Syedna to inaugurate Masjid in Secunderabad" 3919: 3636:"Burhani Qardan Hasana Corporation (America)" 3562: 1386:, through the deserts of modern-day Iraq, to 963:is of any colour except black. A flap called 772:of Allah and his prophets, imams, and da'is. 7038:on 29 June 2020 – via diva-portal.org. 6972:Farhad Daftary; Shainool Jiwa, eds. (2017). 6900:Women And the Fatimids in the World of Islam 6817: 6331: 6329: 5863:Altaher, Nada; Fahim, Omnia (14 June 2016). 5862: 5659:"Pregnant with Meaning - the Dawoodi Bohras" 5585: 5527: 5515: 5448:Mukhopadhyay, Nilanjan (25 September 2017). 5447: 4944: 4932: 4869: 4791: 4779: 4739:on 7 July 2021 – via media.neliti.com. 4692: 4680: 4617: 4574:"Food drive for needy by North Texas Bohras" 4422: 4261: 4249: 3622: 3340: 3338: 3286: 3084: 3037: 2560: 2037:Under the aegis of FMB, the Dana Committee ( 1121:; the Dawoodi Bohras follow the practice of 455:, founded the city of Cairo and established 7477:Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin al-Fahd al-Makrami 6996: 6848:Ismaili History and Intellectual Traditions 6512: 5977:. Indore. 20 September 2018. Archived from 5939: 5937: 5731:"Bohra community launches plantation drive" 5249:Cantera, Angel L. Martínez (6 March 2018). 5140:"Dawoodi Bohra women's group defends khafz" 4509: 4507: 3987:on 17 June 2020 – via twocircles.net. 3940: 3653: 3533: 3531: 3144: 2621: 2561:Abdulhussein, Mustafa (27 September 2001). 2038: 1644:). Set up anywhere Bohras live and work, a 1609:The office of the Da'i al-Mutlaq, known as 1430: 1410: 1337: 1306: 1251: 1126: 1102: 1085: 812: 481: 7113: 7099: 6921: 6672: 6628:The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines 6535:Idris Imad al-Din ibn al-Hasan al-Quraishi 6278: 5774:. Mumbai. 29 November 2018. Archived from 5733:. Rawalpindi. 11 June 2017. Archived from 5615:"Preserving the old and embracing the new" 5547:. Indore. 7 September 2018. Archived from 5378: 4631:"Guidance for schools with Muslims pupils" 4571: 4023: 3991: 3969: 3877: 3875: 3664:"An economic system of the Dawoodi Bohras" 3403: 3401: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 2882: 2880: 2840: 2612: 2503: 2321:The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre 1889:The Dawoodi Bohra practice what they call 1295:his successor, the Bohras mark celebrate 671:As Muslims, the Dawoodi Bohras believe in 603:(eight Dais, from 1567/974 to 1655/1065); 7528:Sharaf-al-Din Husayn bin Ahmad al-Makrami 6443:. Mumbai: Hindustan Times. Archived from 6326: 6162: 6160: 5891:"Scholars tell Muslims not to waste food" 5218: 5060: 4743: 4542: 4513: 4487: 4485: 4375: 4312:"Head of Dawoodi Bohras arrives in Dubai" 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4215: 4054: 3460: 3458: 3335: 2927: 2925: 2860:"Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements" 2820:"The globalised Dawoodi Bohras of Bombay" 2802: 2370: 2344: 2282:"The globalised Dawoodi Bohras of Bombay" 2275: 2273: 2011: 1734:when there is no existing mosque nearby. 6335: 6301:on 23 October 2020 – via sbut.com. 5959:on 11 June 2021 – via einnews.com. 5934: 5473:"How Bohra Muslims set themselves apart" 5325: 5061:Ghadially, R. (September–October 1991). 5034: 4803: 4650: 4648: 4504: 4221: 3585: 3563:Bhattacharyya, Sourish (30 March 2013). 3528: 3430: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3138: 2636:Ismāʻı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines 1744: 1542: 1476: 1365: 1202: 974: 943:The women wear a two-piece dress called 658: 590: 528: 311:are a religious denomination within the 7137: 5752:. Mumbai: Mumbai Mirror. Archived from 5464: 5402: 5146:. Press Trust of India. 26 August 2018. 5008: 4797: 4491: 4137: 4080: 4078: 3872: 3588:"The Bohras have a unique iftar custom" 3398: 3172: 3056:. University of Chicago. Archived from 2877: 2782:. UK: The Scarecrow Press. p. 82. 2777: 2720: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2632: 2617:. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 16. 2469: 2439: 1753:, the 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq, established 1215:The Dawoodi Bohra follow a Fatimid-era 7557: 7292: 6869: 6704:Mediaeval Isma'ili History and Thought 6457: 6438: 6336:Sadhwani, Yogesh (10 September 2017). 6157: 6035:. Mumbai. 20 June 2018. Archived from 5888: 5837: 5788: 5470: 5230: 5171:from the original on 1 September 2018. 4482: 4466:Parmar, Vijaysinh (15 February 2012). 4465: 4434: 4392:on 7 July 2021 – via dronah.org. 4267: 4182: 4138:Goswami, Vajrasar (29 December 2013). 4084: 4029: 3812: 3464: 3455: 3407: 3257: 3231: 3208: 3185: 2962: 2931: 2922: 2817: 2279: 2270: 1878: 1869:Michigan's 14th congressional district 1163:. This ceremony is a covenant between 876:, and Indian cultures. Their language 7454: 7291: 7136: 7094: 7081:An Introduction to The Dawoodi Bohras 6818:Electricwala, Mohammed Abbas (2015). 6495:. Mumbai: India Times. Archived from 6338:"What ails the Bhendi Bazaar project" 5991: 5747: 5281: 5231:Baweja, Harinder (21 February 2016). 5206: 5159:"The Clitoral Hood: A Contested Site" 4956: 4645: 4494:"The Bohras – Plucky Business Barons" 3707: 3558: 3556: 3545:. Mumbai. 17 May 2018. Archived from 3489: 3467:"Lower waste, slimmer waists (India)" 3368: 3329: 3280: 3268: 3078: 2780:Historical Dictionary of the Ismailis 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2695: 2587: 2403: 1535:, continues to uphold the tradition. 940:, are expected to grow a full beard. 835: 638:A century on from Abdeali Saifuddin, 387:, but incorporates a heavy amount of 7021: 5992:Deane, Ruqyyaha (8 September 2019). 5768:"Dawoodi Bohras join river clean-up" 5483:on 14 June 2021 – via pri.org. 5435: 5306: 5301:Anantnarayan, Diler & Menon 2018 5267:Anantnarayan, Diler & Menon 2018 5182:Anantnarayan, Diler & Menon 2018 5116: 4594: 4222:Marfatia, Meher (24 February 2018). 4075: 3379: 3010: 3004: 2738:Lanterns on the Lanes: Lit for Life… 2660: 2613:Glenn Hardaker, Aishah Ahmad Sabki. 2499: 2497: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2072: 1604: 738:(offering a portion of one's income 649: 323:who assumed office in January 2014. 60:Regions with significant populations 7534:Sharafi Hasan bin Husayn al-Makrami 7377:Abduttayyeb Zakiuddin Bin Badruddin 6428:on 22 June 2021 – via Rediff. 6087: 5811: 5673:"Project Rise Annual Report - 2020" 5410:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4543:Sadriwala, Maryam (November 2019). 4352: 4346: 4055:Attarwala, Fatima (12 March 2012). 4015:from the original on 17 June 2020. 3565:"Faith & food in the Bohra way" 3472:Young Reporters for the Environment 2857: 2830:from the original on 27 March 2021. 2470:Suk-Wai, Cheong (15 October 2015). 2233:The Clitoral Hood: A Contested Site 2126:Bhendi Bazaar cluster redevelopment 1962:, with the understanding that they 1003:made of wood or metal, on top of a 926:, an overcoat of equal length; and 524: 419:Dawoodi Bohras are a subset of the 13: 7525:Husam-al-Din al-Hajj Ghulam Husayn 7455: 6742:from the original on 23 June 2020. 6506: 6439:Kamath, Naresh (6 February 2020). 6270:. 22 November 2019. Archived from 6095:"Dawoodi Bohras serve poor, needy" 5715:. 28 February 2020. Archived from 5326:Laurence, Emily (11 August 2018). 5117:Nair, Shalini (28 December 2017). 4572:Sapatwalla, Mudar (8 March 2012). 4492:Hussein, Asiff (1 February 2018). 3983:. 22 December 2009. Archived from 3741: 3713: 3692: 3553: 3151:. Karthala Editions. p. 272. 3097:. Popular Prakashan. p. 248. 2741:. Notion Press. 28 December 2020. 2701: 2672:Mamujee Hassanally, Yusuf (2017). 2535:from the original on 11 June 2020. 2032: 2020:established the Burhani Foundation 1885:Female genital mutilation in India 1841: 14: 7596: 7064: 6149:. 2 November 2020. Archived from 5643:. 4 December 2020. Archived from 4972:. Detroit News. 12 December 2018. 4852:. 6 November 2009. Archived from 4670:– via thedawoodibohras.com. 4658:. 5 February 2018. Archived from 4595:Bose, Mrityunjay (27 June 2020). 4282:"The Masjid and its significance" 4168:. 20 October 2019. Archived from 3953:. 8 December 2010. Archived from 3776:"The Holy Kaaba: A brief history" 3727:. 2 February 2018. Archived from 3443:from the original on 27 July 2018 3293:Himadri Banerjee (10 July 2009). 3232:Parikh, Shreya (18 August 2019). 3188:"The Bohra transcultural network" 2841:Habibullah, Abdul Qaiyum (1947). 2633:Daftary, Farhad (24 April 1992). 2522: 2494: 2392: 1911:. According to a 1991 article in 1859:hosted by the Bohra community of 1374:The grandson of Prophet Muhammad 1038:The Bohra cuisine, influenced by 766:(religious congregation) for the 7540:Al-Fakhrī ‘Abdullah bin Muhammad 6870:Netton, Ian Richard (May 2011). 6485: 6451: 6432: 6408: 6378: 6348: 6256: 6226: 6196: 6135: 6117: 6065: 6043: 6008: 5985: 5912: 5882: 5856: 5831: 5805: 5782: 5760: 5741: 5723: 5701: 5665: 5651: 5629: 5607: 5555: 5533: 5501:. 15 August 2018. Archived from 5487: 5441: 5396: 5335: 5313:A2 v R; Magennis v R; Vaziri v R 5243: 5224: 5187: 5150: 5028: 5009:Hussain, Arwa (4 October 2022). 5002: 4976: 4962: 4900: 4875: 4804:Izzuddin, Tasneem Saify (2016). 4698: 4353:Lim, Desmond (15 October 2015). 4030:Shelar, Jyoti (25 August 2018). 3932:. 20 August 2020. Archived from 3911:. 26 August 2020. Archived from 3889:. 21 August 2020. Archived from 3864:. 10 August 2018. Archived from 3465:Madsen, Kristina (5 June 2019). 2247: 2238: 2225: 2190:Succession to 52nd Dai al-Mutlaq 1702: 1472: 1287:at its conclusion. In line with 1090: 782:List of Dai of the Dawoodi Bohra 686: 586: 438: 66: 36: 7322:Ali Shamsuddin Bin Moulai Hasan 7154:Ibrahim ibn al-Husayn al-Hamidi 6458:Mahale, Ajeet (23 March 2020). 6127:. 16 April 2020. Archived from 6101:. 13 April 2020. Archived from 5955:16 October 2020. Archived from 5889:Jiffry, Fadia (2 August 2013). 5471:Ingber, Hanna (24 April 2011). 5282:Batha, Emma (5 February 2018). 5193:Cole, Diana (8 February 2016). 5164:. WeSpeakOut. pp. 40, 42. 4986:. 21 April 2017. Archived from 4906: 4623: 4588: 4565: 4536: 4459: 4428: 4369: 4355:"In Pictures: Sacred sanctuary" 4332: 4318: 4304: 4288:. 21 April 2021. Archived from 4176: 4154: 4131: 4101: 4048: 3897: 3883:"The Message of Imam Husain AS" 3850: 3804:. 30 March 2019. Archived from 3790: 3782:. 4 August 2020. Archived from 3768: 3735: 3628: 3604: 3586:Ali Zain, Asma (12 June 2016). 3579: 3506: 3483: 3431:Ankolkar, Sama (15 June 2018). 3424: 3380:Saha, Somdatta (18 July 2020). 3251: 3225: 3202: 3186:Lentin, Sifra (22 April 2021). 2990: 2976: 2956: 2851: 2834: 2818:Lentin, Sifra (25 March 2021). 2811: 2805:The Encyclopedia of Islam Three 2796: 2771: 2755: 2729: 2606: 2581: 2525:"Same faith, with a difference" 2443:The Dawoodi Bohras of Sri Lanka 2323:(published 2021). p. 172. 2280:Lentin, Sifra (25 March 2021). 2212: 2132:Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust 1527:throughout the year at various 1519:Saifuddin's son and successor, 1499:and later institutionalised it 719:– is the most important of the 7575:Muslim communities of Pakistan 6424:. 9 March 2020. Archived from 6289:"Changing landscape of Mumbai" 5789:Shelar, Jyoti (5 March 2019). 5748:Linah, Baliga (24 June 2019). 5621:. 2 March 2019. Archived from 5599:. 26 June 2021. Archived from 5392:: Dar Sadir. 1957. p. 52. 4514:V Mithran (19 November 2019). 4183:Shelar, Jyoti (26 June 2019). 3520:. 14 June 2018. Archived from 3408:Masudi, Faisal (30 May 2017). 2963:Moulvi, Shaikh Dawood (1940). 2639:. Cambridge University Press. 2516: 2463: 2433: 1956:, with the aim to grasp their 1932: 1903:, a practice critics consider 1538: 730:(purity in body and thought), 595:A Bohra woman, Surat, Gujarat. 1: 7537:Husayn bin Isma'il al-Makrami 7169:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 6947:James W. Morris, ed. (2020). 6340:. India Times. Archived from 6264:"The Blessings of our elders" 5926:. 27 May 2018. Archived from 5838:Mistry, Rhea (16 June 2018). 4844:"From Gurukul to IBO varsity" 3299:. Anthem Press. p. 200. 3209:Kamran, Omair (29 May 2021). 3168:– via books.google.com. 3114:– via books.google.com. 2512:: 1 – via Google Books. 2504:Madraswala, Aliasger (2020). 2264: 2255:Sustainable Development Goals 1780:(MSB) chain of international 1500: 1493: 1467: 775: 654: 462:Before the empire's decline, 7372:Hebatullah-il-Moayed Fiddeen 6726:Simonetta Calderini (1996). 6701:Farhad Daftary, ed. (2001). 6682:Institute of Ismaili Studies 6562:Institute of Ismaili Studies 3798:"The Ziyārat of Imam Husain" 3490:Navya, KV (26 August 2019). 2932:Munaim, Arfakhashad (2014). 2472:"Roots, culture and customs" 2195:List of Dai of Dawoodi Bohra 1778:Madrasah Saifiyah Burhaniyah 1768: 1755:Faiz al-Mawaid al-Burhaniyah 1392:as a result of his martyrdom 1227: 1062:(rice, lentils, and curry), 807:Aali Qadr Mufaddal Saifuddin 800:Yusuf bin Sulayman Najmuddin 561:Yusuf bin Sulayman Najmuddin 511:Succession to the office of 358:; direct descendants of the 7: 7585:Muslim communities of India 7269:Jalal Shamshuddin bin Hasan 6897:Peter Adamson, ed. (2006). 5682:. June 2021. Archived from 5074:(66): 17–20. Archived from 4435:Anusha (8 September 2014). 4361:. Singapore. Archived from 3571:. New Delhi. Archived from 2767:. Cambridge Stanford Books. 2183: 1846: 1355: 1198: 1027: 1021: 932:, loose-fit trousers; with 867: 10: 7601: 7580:Social groups of Sri Lanka 6905:Edinburgh University Press 6878:Journal of Islamic Studies 6780:Cambridge University Press 6709:Cambridge University Press 6633:Cambridge University Press 6580:Edinburgh University Press 5840:"No food wastage this Eid" 5388:(in Arabic). Vol. 4. 4722:10.32678/alqalam.v28i3.886 3858:"The Prophet Eesa (Jesus)" 2803:Qutbuddin, Tahera (2013). 2006:Epistles of Ikhwan al-Safa 1989:Epistles of Ikhwan al-Safa 1882: 1599: 1359: 1025:(sweet dish), followed by 970: 779: 726:The other six pillars are 696: 693:Seven pillars of Ismailism 690: 414: 16:Sect of Ismaili Shia Islam 7570:Tayyibi Isma'ili branches 7464: 7450: 7301: 7287: 7143: 7132: 5593:"The essence of humanity" 5371:The Sydney Morning Herald 5317:[2018] NSWCCA 174 4554:. Karachi. Archived from 4146:. Udaipur. Archived from 3498:. Chennai. Archived from 2656:– via Google Books. 2200:Progressive Dawoodi Bohra 1993:Ismaili school of thought 1905:female genital mutilation 1693: 1667: 1531:Burhanuddin's successor, 1152: 746:(fasting in the month of 294: 289: 188: 183: 113: 108: 101: 96: 89: 84: 79: 64: 59: 52: 47: 35: 7467: 7347:Abduttayyeb Zakiuddin II 7304: 5848:. Mumbai. Archived from 5797:. Mumbai. Archived from 5456:. Nagpur. Archived from 5425:– via iep.utm.edu. 5321:Court of Criminal Appeal 5197:. National Public Radio. 5100:10 February 2017 at the 4603:. Mumbai. Archived from 4085:Raghib, Qureish (2006). 3492:"Being Bohra in Chennai" 2778:Daftary, Farhad (2012). 2721:Daftary, Farhad (2007). 2205: 1712:Mohammedi Park Complex ( 1382:while on a journey from 1086:Traditions and practices 911: 813:Demographics and culture 754:(a ritual pilgrimage to 734:(daily ritual prayers), 7486:Isma'il bin Hibat-Allah 7483:Hibat-Allah bin Ibrahim 7412:Abdul Husain Husamuddin 7357:Noor Mohammad Nooruddin 7244:al-Hasan Badr al-Din II 7022:Hill, Geoffrey (2015). 6845:Farhad Daftary (2017). 6747:Farhad Daftary (2005). 6625:Farhad Daftary (1992). 6572:Farhad Daftary (1998). 6314:Cite magazine requires 5386:Rasa'il Ikhwan al-Safa' 5359:High Court of Australia 5330:. ABC News (Australia). 5319: (10 August 2018), 4545:"Fighting world hunger" 4009:Indo-Asian News Service 3981:Indo-Asian News Service 3840:10.1515/islam-2016-0008 3749:Encyclopedia Britannica 2895:Kenya: Past and Present 2588:Brett, Michael (2017). 2440:Mamujee, Yusuf (2017). 1926:High Court of Australia 1730:) is centered around a 1556:Mohammed Burhanuddin II 1185:baptism in Christianity 1076:steamed-mutton-in-a-box 979:Bohras seated around a 491:unrestricted missionary 7312:Sheikh Aadam Safiuddin 7249:al-Husayn Husam al-Din 7229:al-Hasan Badr al-Din I 7051:Cite journal requires 5545:The Free Press Journal 5323:(NSW, Australia). 4004:The New Indian Express 3543:Food and Beverage News 2914:: CS1 maint: others ( 2764:Islam en India y China 2108:2020 lockdown in India 2090:among those living in 2025:Bohras, together with 2012:The Burhani Foundation 1984: 1726:A Bohra community (or 1559: 1482: 1371: 1212: 984: 809:, who lives in India. 668: 596: 534: 464:Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah 7489:Hasan bin Hibat-Allah 7407:Abdul Qadir Najmuddin 7317:Abduttayyeb Zakiuddin 7259:Muhammad Izz al-Din I 7224:Abdallah Fakhr al-Din 7199:Ibrahim ibn al-Husayn 6980:Bloomsbury Publishing 6513:Shibani Roy (2007) . 6033:Action Against Hunger 5346:[2019] HCA 35 5233:"India's Dark Secret" 2084:Action Against Hunger 2027:Champion of the Earth 1937: 1883:Further information: 1745:FMB community kitchen 1546: 1480: 1369: 1277:the Bohras undertake 1206: 978: 884:script, derives from 780:Further information: 740:in the cause of Allah 707:– devotion to Allah, 662: 594: 532: 498:Al-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim 431:, itself a branch of 377:and forward outlook. 365:through his daughter 184:Related ethnic groups 118:Predominantly spoken: 7504:Isma'il bin Muhammad 7492:Abd-al-Ali bin Hasan 7480:Muhammad bin Isma'il 7432:Mohammed Burhanuddin 7417:Mohammad Burhanuddin 7337:Feer Khan Shujauddin 7327:Kasim Khan Zainuddin 7307:Dawood Bin Qutubshah 7254:Ali Shams al-Din III 6997:John Eberly (2005). 6421:Press Trust of India 6268:thedawoodibohras.com 6186:"About Project Rise" 5713:thedawoodibohras.com 5680:thedawoodibohras.com 5641:thedawoodibohras.com 5619:thedawoodibohras.com 5597:thedawoodibohras.com 5567:thedawoodibohras.com 5403:Steigerwald, Diana. 4286:thedawoodibohras.com 4011:. 13 November 2013. 3909:thedawoodibohras.com 3887:thedawoodibohras.com 3862:thedawoodibohras.com 3802:thedawoodibohras.com 3780:thedawoodibohras.com 3496:Express News Service 3145:Michel Adam (2009). 2807:. Brill. p. 58. 2682:on 24 February 2021. 2102:, India. During the 2086:, sought to address 2048:food grain committee 2018:Mohammed Burhanuddin 1832:al-Imtihan al-Sanawi 1804:Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah 1751:Mohammed Burhanuddin 1685:and verses from the 1681:, with the names of 1521:Mohammed Burhanuddin 1362:Mourning of Muharram 1327:birthday of Muhammad 858:Dawood Bin Qutubshah 663:The word 'Allah' in 576:Dawood Bin Qutubshah 7519:Ali bin Hibat-Allah 7470:Sulayman bin Hassan 7362:Ismail Badruddin II 7274:Dawood Bin Ajabshah 7264:Yusuf Najm al-Din I 7234:Ali Shams al-Din II 7138:Commonly recognized 6955:Bloomsbury Academic 6928:. Ismaili Studies. 6922:Heinz Halm (1997). 6519:. B.R. Publishing. 6460:"A whole new world" 6396:on 25 February 2021 6366:on 25 February 2021 4959:, pp. 125–126. 4913:www.shethepeople.tv 4552:South Asia Magazine 3957:on 30 December 2012 3905:"The Grand Theriac" 3744:"Battle of Karbala" 2340:on 23 January 2021. 1879:Female circumcision 938:customs of Muhammad 922:, a form of tunic; 856:is in reference to 679:). They recite the 539:Al Mustansir Billah 457:Al-Azhar University 449:Golden Age of Islam 53:1,000,000–2,000,000 32: 7507:Hasan bin Muhammad 7437:Mufaddal Saifuddin 7422:Abdullah Badruddin 7402:Mohammed Badruddin 7387:Abde Ali Saifuddin 7382:Yusuf Najmuddin II 7342:Ismail Badruddin I 7332:Qutubuddin Shaheed 7219:Abbas ibn Muhammad 7209:Ali Shams al-Din I 7204:Muhammad ibn Hatim 7126:Tayyibi Isma'ilism 7032:Uppsala University 6930:Palgrave Macmillan 6890:10.1093/jis/etr005 6565:. 2 February 2020. 6238:globalnewswire.com 6208:globalnewswire.com 6147:The Times Of India 6099:The Times of India 5924:The Times of India 5812:Abdulla, Nasreen. 5563:"The Bohras Today" 5454:The Economic Times 5373:. 16 October 2019. 5221:, pp. 17, 19. 5123:The Indian Express 4856:on 11 August 2011. 4849:The Times of India 4472:The Times of India 4314:. 23 January 2018. 4234:on 31 August 2020. 4113:taiseerunnikah.org 3742:Newman, Andrew J. 3725:The Dawoodi Bohras 3011:Paul, Eva (2006). 2590:The Fatimid Empire 2171:Mufaddal Saifuddin 1987:—Excerpt from the 1820:Arabic calligraphy 1776:The community-run 1621:head office is at 1560: 1533:Mufaddal Saifuddin 1483: 1372: 1283:and all celebrate 1213: 1177:oath of allegiance 1082:(spicy potatoes). 1060:dal chaawal palidu 985: 844:takes root in the 836:Name and etymology 669: 665:Arabic calligraphy 597: 563:, originally from 535: 321:Mufaddal Saifuddin 21: 7552: 7551: 7548: 7547: 7516:Abd-Allah bin Ali 7513:Ahmad bin Isma'il 7510:Hasan bin Isma'il 7501:Husayn bin Husayn 7495:Abd-Allah bin Ali 7446: 7445: 7392:Mohammed Ezzuddin 7367:Ibrahim Wajiuddin 7283: 7282: 7239:Idris Imad al-Din 7194:Ali ibn al-Husayn 7189:Ali ibn al-Husayn 7184:al-Husayn ibn Ali 7179:Ahmad ibn Mubarak 7159:Hatim ibn Ibrahim 6800:The Gnostic World 6055:Business Standard 5951:(Press release). 5905:on 11 June 2021. 5875:on 11 June 2021. 5709:"Ethereal beauty" 5528:Abdulhussein 2001 5516:Abdulhussein 2001 5499:jameasaifiyah.edu 5405:"Ikhwan al-Safa'" 5361:, 16 October 2019 4945:Abdulhussein 2001 4933:Abdulhussein 2001 4870:Abdulhussein 2001 4792:Abdulhussein 2001 4780:Abdulhussein 2001 4693:Abdulhussein 2001 4681:Abdulhussein 2001 4618:Abdulhussein 2001 4423:Abdulhussein 2001 4359:The Straits Times 4262:Abdulhussein 2001 4250:Abdulhussein 2001 4166:teleganatoday.com 4071:on 13 March 2012. 3893:on 10 March 2021. 3786:on 10 March 2021. 3671:qardanhasana.info 3623:Abdulhussein 2001 3433:"The Bohri Story" 3306:978-81-905835-5-8 3158:978-2-8111-0273-9 3104:978-81-7991-104-4 3038:Abdulhussein 2001 2858:Daftary, Farhad. 2748:978-1-64899-659-7 2574:978-0-9536256-0-4 2476:The Straits Times 2456:978-955-7537-03-0 2330:978-9957-635-56-5 2286:The Gateway House 2169:. In early 2016, 2073:Other initiatives 1679:Neo-Fatimid style 1605:Community centers 1529:religious events. 1380:plains of Karbala 1293:Ali ibn Abi Talib 995:is raised upon a 650:Faith and beliefs 513:al-Da'i al-Mutlaq 337:Al-Da'i al-Mutlaq 305: 304: 80:500,000–1,000,000 7592: 7474:Ali bin Sulayman 7452: 7451: 7397:Tayyeb Zainuddin 7289: 7288: 7149:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 7134: 7133: 7115: 7108: 7101: 7092: 7091: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7073:Official website 7060: 7054: 7049: 7047: 7039: 7034:. Archived from 7018: 6993: 6968: 6943: 6918: 6893: 6875: 6866: 6841: 6836:. Archived from 6814: 6793: 6768: 6743: 6722: 6697: 6695: 6693: 6684:. Archived from 6679: 6673:Farhad Daftary. 6669: 6646: 6621: 6615: 6611: 6609: 6601: 6566: 6552: 6530: 6501: 6500: 6499:on 27 June 2021. 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6447:on 22 June 2021. 6436: 6430: 6429: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6392:. Archived from 6382: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6362:. Archived from 6352: 6346: 6345: 6344:on 22 June 2021. 6333: 6324: 6323: 6317: 6312: 6310: 6302: 6300: 6293: 6285: 6276: 6275: 6274:on 13 June 2021. 6260: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6200: 6194: 6193: 6192:on 18 June 2021. 6182: 6176: 6175: 6164: 6155: 6154: 6153:on 3 March 2021. 6139: 6133: 6132: 6131:on 16 June 2021. 6121: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6083:on 18 June 2021. 6069: 6063: 6062: 6061:on 18 June 2021. 6047: 6041: 6040: 6039:on 18 June 2021. 6025: 6019: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6004:on 11 June 2021. 6000:. Archived from 5998:The Sunday Times 5989: 5983: 5982: 5967: 5961: 5960: 5953:Washington, D.C. 5941: 5932: 5931: 5930:on 11 June 2021. 5916: 5910: 5909: 5901:. Archived from 5886: 5880: 5879: 5871:. Archived from 5860: 5854: 5853: 5852:on 11 June 2021. 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5801:on 22 June 2021. 5786: 5780: 5779: 5778:on 22 June 2021. 5764: 5758: 5757: 5756:on 22 June 2021. 5745: 5739: 5738: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5719:on 21 June 2021. 5705: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5688: 5677: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5647:on 21 June 2021. 5633: 5627: 5626: 5625:on 21 June 2021. 5611: 5605: 5604: 5603:on 27 June 2021. 5589: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5569:. Archived from 5559: 5553: 5552: 5551:on 16 June 2021. 5537: 5531: 5525: 5519: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5505:on 28 June 2020. 5491: 5485: 5484: 5479:. Archived from 5468: 5462: 5461: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5413:. Archived from 5400: 5394: 5393: 5382: 5376: 5374: 5362: 5356: 5351:Judgment summary 5339: 5333: 5331: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5279: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5191: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5163: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5136: 5127: 5126: 5114: 5105: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5080: 5067: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5015:The Conversation 5006: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4879: 4873: 4867: 4858: 4857: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4825:. Archived from 4810: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4757:. Archived from 4747: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4732:. Archived from 4711: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4652: 4643: 4642: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4607:on 25 June 2021. 4592: 4586: 4585: 4584:on 10 June 2021. 4580:. Archived from 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4549: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4532:on 25 June 2021. 4528:. Archived from 4511: 4502: 4501: 4500:on 22 June 2021. 4496:. Archived from 4489: 4480: 4479: 4478:on 5 April 2014. 4474:. Archived from 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4443:. Archived from 4441:nativeplanet.com 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4401: 4393: 4391: 4384: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4365:on 20 June 2020. 4350: 4344: 4343: 4336: 4330: 4329: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4278: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4236: 4235: 4230:. Archived from 4219: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4199:. Archived from 4180: 4174: 4173: 4172:on 25 June 2020. 4158: 4152: 4151: 4150:on 25 June 2020. 4144:udaipurtimes.com 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4115:. Archived from 4105: 4099: 4098: 4097:on 22 June 2020. 4093:. Archived from 4082: 4073: 4072: 4067:. Archived from 4065:Tribune Pakistan 4052: 4046: 4045: 4044:on 17 June 2020. 4040:. Archived from 4027: 4021: 4020: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3947: 3938: 3937: 3936:on 13 June 2021. 3926: 3917: 3916: 3915:on 13 June 2021. 3901: 3895: 3894: 3879: 3870: 3869: 3868:on 19 July 2020. 3854: 3848: 3847: 3842:. Archived from 3834:: 11–13, 28–34. 3825: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3808:on 13 June 2021. 3794: 3788: 3787: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3752:. Archived from 3739: 3733: 3732: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3679: 3668: 3660: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3600:on 10 June 2021. 3596:. Archived from 3583: 3577: 3576: 3575:on 5 April 2014. 3560: 3551: 3550: 3549:on 16 June 2021. 3535: 3526: 3525: 3524:on 16 June 2021. 3510: 3504: 3503: 3502:on 16 June 2021. 3487: 3481: 3480: 3479:on 16 June 2021. 3475:. Archived from 3462: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3420:on 10 June 2021. 3416:. Archived from 3405: 3396: 3395: 3394:on 10 June 2021. 3390:. Archived from 3377: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3352:. Archived from 3342: 3333: 3327: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3221:on 10 June 2021. 3217:. Archived from 3206: 3200: 3199: 3194:. Archived from 3183: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3129: 3125: 3123: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3060:on 27 March 2014 3050: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3019: 3008: 3002: 3001: 3000:. 23 April 2024. 2994: 2988: 2987: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2943:escholarship.org 2940: 2929: 2920: 2919: 2913: 2905: 2903: 2892: 2884: 2875: 2874: 2864: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2718: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2683: 2669: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2630: 2619: 2618: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2558: 2537: 2536: 2523:Horan, Deborah. 2520: 2514: 2513: 2501: 2492: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2478:. Archived from 2467: 2461: 2460: 2448: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2401: 2390: 2389: 2388:on 11 June 2020. 2374: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2354:. Archived from 2352:"Bohra in India" 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2333:. Archived from 2314: 2303: 2294: 2293: 2277: 2258: 2251: 2245: 2242: 2236: 2229: 2223: 2216: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 1996: 1824:Arabesque design 1816:Quran recitation 1706: 1664:and discourses. 1617:committees. The 1505: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1450:ʿAshara Mubāraka 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1407:ʿAshara Mubāraka 1396:John the Baptist 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1321:), the night of 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1273:In the month of 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1217:tabular calendar 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1095:Islam prohibits 1030: 1024: 525:Origins in India 515:happens through 495: 492: 489: 486: 483: 381:Lisan ald-Da'wat 301: 298: 297:thedawoodibohras 172:Classical Arabic 72: 70: 69: 48:Total population 40: 33: 20: 7600: 7599: 7595: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7590: 7589: 7555: 7554: 7553: 7544: 7543: 7460: 7442: 7441: 7427:Taher Saifuddin 7352:Musa Kalimuddin 7297: 7279: 7278: 7214:Abd al-Muttalib 7174:Ali ibn Hanzala 7139: 7128: 7122:Da'i al-Mutlaqs 7119: 7080: 7071: 7070: 7067: 7052: 7050: 7041: 7040: 7015: 7005:Sophia Perennis 6990: 6965: 6940: 6915: 6863: 6826:inflibnet.ac.in 6811: 6790: 6765: 6719: 6691: 6689: 6688:on 23 June 2020 6677: 6666: 6654:. Vol. 1. 6643: 6613: 6612: 6603: 6602: 6590: 6555: 6527: 6509: 6507:Further reading 6504: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6456: 6452: 6437: 6433: 6414: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6369: 6367: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6334: 6327: 6316:|magazine= 6315: 6313: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6291: 6287: 6286: 6279: 6262: 6261: 6257: 6247: 6245: 6244:on 19 June 2021 6232: 6231: 6227: 6217: 6215: 6214:on 19 June 2021 6202: 6201: 6197: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6174:on 8 July 2020. 6166: 6165: 6158: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6123: 6122: 6118: 6108: 6106: 6105:on 18 June 2021 6093: 6092: 6088: 6077:Global Newswire 6071: 6070: 6066: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6013: 6009: 5990: 5986: 5981:on 7 July 2021. 5975:indoremirror.in 5969: 5968: 5964: 5943: 5942: 5935: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5887: 5883: 5861: 5857: 5836: 5832: 5822: 5820: 5810: 5806: 5787: 5783: 5766: 5765: 5761: 5746: 5742: 5737:on 6 July 2021. 5729: 5728: 5724: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5692: 5690: 5689:on 16 June 2021 5686: 5675: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5657: 5656: 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3605: 3584: 3580: 3561: 3554: 3537: 3536: 3529: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3488: 3484: 3463: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3429: 3425: 3406: 3399: 3378: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3356:on 10 June 2021 3350:Journey Kitchen 3346:"Bohra Cuisine" 3344: 3343: 3336: 3328: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3291: 3287: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3256: 3252: 3242: 3240: 3230: 3226: 3207: 3203: 3184: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3143: 3139: 3127: 3126: 3117: 3116: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3094:Gujarat, Part I 3089: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3052: 3051: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3027:on 9 June 2021. 3024: 3017: 3009: 3005: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2961: 2957: 2952:on 6 July 2021. 2949: 2938: 2930: 2923: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2890: 2886: 2885: 2878: 2862: 2856: 2852: 2839: 2835: 2816: 2812: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2776: 2772: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2719: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2670: 2661: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2631: 2622: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2586: 2582: 2575: 2559: 2540: 2529:Chicago Tribune 2521: 2517: 2502: 2495: 2485: 2483: 2468: 2464: 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784: 778: 717:his descendants 702: 695: 689: 657: 652: 640:Taher Saifuddin 589: 569:Jalal bin Hasan 551:Idris Imaduddin 527: 493: 490: 487: 484: 468:Arwa bint Ahmad 441: 417: 360:Islamic prophet 295: 285: 282: 255: 238: 211: 179: 176: 162: 148: 67: 65: 54: 43: 31: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7598: 7588: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7565:Dawoodi Bohras 7550: 7549: 7546: 7545: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7526: 7523: 7522:Ali bin Muhsin 7520: 7517: 7514: 7511: 7508: 7505: 7502: 7499: 7496: 7493: 7490: 7487: 7484: 7481: 7478: 7475: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7448: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7440: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7303: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7285: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7130: 7129: 7118: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7077: 7066: 7065:External links 7063: 7062: 7061: 7053:|journal= 7019: 7013: 6994: 6988: 6969: 6963: 6944: 6938: 6919: 6913: 6894: 6884:(2): 247–248. 6867: 6861: 6842: 6815: 6809: 6794: 6788: 6769: 6763: 6744: 6723: 6717: 6698: 6670: 6664: 6647: 6641: 6622: 6614:|journal= 6588: 6569: 6568: 6567: 6531: 6525: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6484: 6450: 6431: 6407: 6377: 6347: 6325: 6277: 6255: 6225: 6195: 6177: 6156: 6134: 6116: 6086: 6064: 6042: 6020: 6007: 5984: 5962: 5933: 5911: 5881: 5855: 5830: 5804: 5781: 5759: 5740: 5722: 5700: 5664: 5650: 5628: 5606: 5584: 5554: 5532: 5530:, p. 141. 5520: 5508: 5486: 5463: 5440: 5428: 5395: 5377: 5342:The Queen v A2 5334: 5305: 5293: 5271: 5259: 5242: 5223: 5219:Ghadially 1991 5211: 5199: 5186: 5174: 5149: 5128: 5106: 5081:on 1 July 2018 5053: 5041:Daily Bulletin 5027: 5001: 4975: 4961: 4949: 4937: 4925: 4899: 4887:Times of India 4874: 4859: 4835: 4796: 4784: 4772: 4742: 4697: 4685: 4673: 4644: 4622: 4610: 4587: 4564: 4535: 4503: 4481: 4458: 4427: 4415: 4406:|journal= 4368: 4345: 4331: 4317: 4303: 4266: 4264:, p. 142. 4254: 4237: 4214: 4175: 4153: 4130: 4100: 4091:islamvoice.com 4087:"Rasme Saifee" 4074: 4061:tribune.com.pk 4047: 4022: 3990: 3968: 3939: 3918: 3896: 3871: 3849: 3811: 3789: 3767: 3734: 3712: 3700: 3691: 3680:on 2 July 2021 3652: 3627: 3625:, p. 106. 3612: 3603: 3578: 3552: 3527: 3518:Economic Times 3505: 3482: 3454: 3423: 3397: 3367: 3334: 3332:, p. 146. 3319: 3305: 3285: 3283:, p. 142. 3273: 3271:, p. 144. 3261: 3250: 3224: 3201: 3198:on 3 May 2021. 3171: 3157: 3137: 3103: 3083: 3071: 3042: 3040:, p. 103. 3030: 3003: 2989: 2975: 2955: 2921: 2876: 2850: 2833: 2810: 2795: 2788: 2770: 2754: 2747: 2728: 2700: 2698:, p. 106. 2688: 2659: 2645: 2620: 2605: 2598: 2580: 2573: 2538: 2515: 2493: 2482:on 9 June 2021 2462: 2455: 2432: 2417: 2391: 2369: 2343: 2329: 2295: 2292:on 3 May 2021. 2268: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2246: 2237: 2224: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2185: 2182: 2127: 2124: 2119:World Food Day 2116:United Nations 2074: 2071: 2063:World Food Day 2059:United Nations 2034: 2031: 2013: 2010: 1942:their apparent 1936: 1934: 1931: 1909:clitoridectomy 1880: 1877: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1770: 1767: 1746: 1743: 1711: 1710: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1669: 1666: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1540: 1537: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1462:Da'i al-Mutlaq 1376:Husayn ibn Ali 1360:Main article: 1357: 1354: 1242:mandatory fast 1229: 1226: 1200: 1197: 1181:Da'i al-Mutlaq 1154: 1151: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1017:chilamchi lota 972: 969: 947:distinct from 913: 910: 878:Lisan al-Dawat 869: 866: 862:Da'i al-Mutlaq 837: 834: 814: 811: 777: 774: 691:Main article: 688: 685: 656: 653: 651: 648: 588: 585: 526: 523: 506:Da'i al-Mutlaq 477:Da'i al-Mutlaq 440: 437: 416: 413: 309:Dawoodi Bohras 303: 302: 292: 291: 287: 286: 284: 283: 281: 280: 275: 270: 264: 256: 254: 253: 247: 239: 237: 236: 231: 226: 220: 212: 210: 209: 204: 198: 189: 186: 185: 181: 180: 178: 177: 175: 174: 168: 163: 161: 160: 154: 149: 147: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 124:Lisan al-Dawat 120: 114: 111: 110: 106: 105: 99: 98: 94: 93: 87: 86: 82: 81: 77: 76: 62: 61: 57: 56: 50: 49: 45: 44: 41: 30: 29: 28:داؤوْدِي بُهرة 26: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7597: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7539: 7536: 7533: 7530: 7527: 7524: 7521: 7518: 7515: 7512: 7509: 7506: 7503: 7500: 7498:Yusuf bin Ali 7497: 7494: 7491: 7488: 7485: 7482: 7479: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7449: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7294:Dawoodi Bohra 7290: 7286: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 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Routledge. 6802: 6801: 6795: 6791: 6789:9780521028875 6785: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6770: 6766: 6764:9780857713865 6760: 6756: 6752: 6751: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6724: 6720: 6718:9780521003100 6714: 6710: 6706: 6705: 6699: 6687: 6683: 6676: 6671: 6667: 6665:9781135455965 6661: 6657: 6653: 6648: 6644: 6642:9780521429740 6638: 6634: 6630: 6629: 6623: 6619: 6607: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6589:9780748606870 6585: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6554: 6553: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6526:9780865903241 6522: 6518: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6454: 6446: 6442: 6435: 6427: 6423: 6422: 6417: 6411: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6381: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6351: 6343: 6339: 6332: 6330: 6321: 6308: 6307:cite magazine 6297: 6290: 6284: 6282: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6259: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6229: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6199: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6161: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6130: 6126: 6120: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6024: 6017: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5988: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5938: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5915: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5885: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5834: 5819: 5818:Khaleej Times 5815: 5808: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5785: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5763: 5755: 5751: 5744: 5736: 5732: 5726: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5704: 5685: 5681: 5674: 5668: 5660: 5654: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5558: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5536: 5529: 5524: 5518:, p. 95. 5517: 5512: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5467: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5432: 5416: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5399: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5375: 5372: 5368: 5360: 5353: 5352: 5347: 5343: 5338: 5332: 5329: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5309: 5303:, p. 37. 5302: 5297: 5289: 5285: 5278: 5276: 5268: 5263: 5256: 5252: 5246: 5238: 5234: 5227: 5220: 5215: 5209:, p. 57. 5208: 5203: 5196: 5190: 5184:, p. 28. 5183: 5178: 5167: 5160: 5153: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5133: 5124: 5120: 5113: 5111: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5064: 5057: 5042: 5038: 5031: 5016: 5012: 5005: 4989: 4985: 4979: 4971: 4965: 4958: 4953: 4947:, p. 26. 4946: 4941: 4935:, p. 17. 4934: 4929: 4914: 4910: 4903: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4872:, p. 21. 4871: 4866: 4864: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4845: 4839: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4807: 4800: 4794:, p. 22. 4793: 4788: 4782:, p. 19. 4781: 4776: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4695:, p. 99. 4694: 4689: 4683:, p. 23. 4682: 4677: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4649: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4620:, p. 98. 4619: 4614: 4606: 4602: 4601:Deccan Herald 4598: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4557: 4553: 4546: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4510: 4508: 4499: 4495: 4488: 4486: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4462: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4431: 4425:, p. 49. 4424: 4419: 4411: 4399: 4388: 4381: 4380: 4372: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4349: 4341: 4335: 4327: 4321: 4313: 4307: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4263: 4258: 4252:, p. 97. 4251: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4218: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4134: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4079: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4051: 4043: 4039: 4038: 4033: 4026: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4005: 4000: 3994: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3972: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3944: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3923: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3876: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3755: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3710:, p. 51. 3709: 3704: 3695: 3676: 3672: 3665: 3659: 3657: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3624: 3619: 3617: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3593:Khaleej Times 3589: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3559: 3557: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3532: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3461: 3459: 3442: 3438: 3437:Mumbai Foodie 3434: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3414:The Gulf News 3411: 3404: 3402: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3383: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3339: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3308: 3302: 3298: 3297: 3289: 3282: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3254: 3239: 3235: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3205: 3197: 3193: 3192:Gateway House 3189: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3160: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3141: 3133: 3121: 3106: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3087: 3081:, p. 14. 3080: 3075: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3047: 3039: 3034: 3023: 3016: 3015: 3007: 2999: 2993: 2985: 2979: 2968: 2967: 2959: 2948: 2944: 2937: 2936: 2928: 2926: 2917: 2911: 2910:cite magazine 2900: 2896: 2889: 2883: 2881: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2854: 2846: 2845: 2837: 2829: 2825: 2824:Gateway House 2821: 2814: 2806: 2799: 2791: 2789:9780810861640 2785: 2781: 2774: 2766: 2765: 2758: 2750: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2732: 2724: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2697: 2692: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2648: 2646:9780521429740 2642: 2638: 2637: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2616: 2609: 2601: 2599:9780748640775 2595: 2591: 2584: 2576: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2519: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2498: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2466: 2458: 2452: 2445: 2444: 2436: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2357: 2353: 2347: 2336: 2332: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2311: 2310: 2302: 2300: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2276: 2274: 2269: 2256: 2250: 2241: 2234: 2231:Sujaat Vali ( 2228: 2221: 2220:Qardan Hasana 2215: 2211: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2146:550 million ( 2145: 2141: 2137: 2136:Bhendi Bazaar 2133: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2112:Narendra Modi 2109: 2105: 2101: 2098:districts of 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2079: 2070: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2030: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1893: 1886: 1876: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1766: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1742: 1740: 1739:jamaat khaana 1735: 1733: 1729: 1719: 1715: 1705: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1640:(also called 1639: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1579:Raudat Tahera 1575: 1570: 1568: 1567: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1548:Raudat Tahera 1545: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525:Rasm-e Saifee 1522: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1508:Rasm-e Saifee 1492: 1488: 1487:Rasm-e Saifee 1479: 1473:Rasm-e Saifee 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1440:congregations 1428: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1368: 1363: 1353: 1335: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1261:fast breaking 1249: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1225: 1223: 1218: 1210: 1205: 1196: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1124: 1123:Qardan Hasana 1120: 1100: 1099: 1091:Qardan Hasana 1083: 1081: 1080:masala bateta 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064:kheema samosa 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1029: 1023: 1018: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 982: 977: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 941: 939: 935: 931: 930: 925: 921: 920: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 880:, written in 879: 875: 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 833: 830: 828: 825:. A sizeable 824: 820: 810: 808: 803: 801: 797: 792: 787: 783: 773: 771: 770: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 724: 722: 721:seven pillars 718: 714: 710: 706: 700: 694: 687:Seven pillars 684: 682: 678: 674: 666: 661: 647: 646:communities. 643: 641: 636: 633: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 593: 587:Major centres 584: 581: 577: 572: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 552: 546: 544: 540: 531: 522: 520: 519: 514: 509: 507: 504:as the first 503: 502:Zoeb bin Musa 499: 479: 478: 473: 469: 465: 460: 458: 454: 450: 446: 439:Fatimid imams 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 324: 322: 318: 314: 310: 300: 293: 288: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 262: 261: 257: 252: 249: 248: 245: 244: 240: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 221: 218: 217: 213: 208: 205: 203: 200: 199: 196: 195: 191: 190: 187: 182: 173: 170: 169: 167: 164: 159: 156: 155: 153: 150: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 121: 119: 116: 115: 112: 107: 104: 100: 95: 92: 88: 83: 78: 75: 63: 58: 51: 46: 39: 34: 27: 25:Dawoodi Bohra 24: 23: 19: 7293: 7044:cite journal 7036:the original 6999: 6974: 6949: 6924: 6899: 6881: 6877: 6847: 6838:the original 6834:10603/135136 6825: 6820: 6799: 6774: 6749: 6738:(1): 11–22. 6735: 6731: 6703: 6690:. 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Retrieved 2356:the original 2346: 2335:the original 2308: 2290:the original 2285: 2249: 2240: 2232: 2227: 2219: 2214: 2178: 2175: 2152: 2140:South Bombay 2129: 2088:malnutrition 2081: 2078:Project Rise 2077: 2076: 2067: 2036: 2021: 2015: 1999: 1985: 1957: 1946:their hidden 1938: 1919: 1912: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1888: 1873: 1850: 1831: 1828: 1807: 1802: 1775: 1772: 1763: 1754: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1725: 1671: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1635: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1590: 1571: 1564: 1561: 1528: 1524: 1518: 1511: 1507: 1486: 1484: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1447: 1426: 1406: 1404: 1400:Jesus Christ 1373: 1330: 1300: 1278: 1272: 1245: 1235: 1231: 1214: 1208: 1191: 1189: 1180: 1172: 1165:the believer 1158: 1156: 1147: 1143:the borrower 1122: 1096: 1094: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1063: 1059: 1037: 1032: 1016: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 986: 980: 964: 960: 944: 942: 933: 927: 923: 917: 915: 882:Perso-Arabic 871: 861: 853: 849: 841: 839: 831: 816: 804: 793: 788: 785: 767: 763: 725: 703: 670: 644: 637: 629: 598: 573: 559: 555: 547: 536: 516: 512: 510: 505: 475: 461: 442: 423:sect of the 418: 396: 379: 375:mercantilism 351: 347: 341: 325: 308: 306: 258: 241: 214: 192: 165: 151: 117: 18: 6755:I.B. 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