473:
subdued the
Madurai Sultanate after a conflict lasting four decades, found a natural enemy in the Bahmanids of the northern Deccan, over the control of the Godavari-basin, Tungabadhra Doab, and the Marathwada country, although they seldom required a pretext for declaring war. Military conflicts between the Bahmanids and Vijayanagara were almost a regular feature and lasted as long as these kingdoms continued. These military conflicts resulted in widespread devastation of the contested areas by both sides, resulting in considerable loss of life and property. Military slavery involved captured slaves from Vijayanagar and having them embrace a Deccani identity by converting them to Islam and integrating into the host society, so they could begin military careers within the Bahmanid empire. This was the origin of powerful political leaders such as Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri.
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kingdoms of the Deccan led to the gradual disbandment of the
Pindaris. These were at that stage taken in the service of the Marathas. The inclusion of the Pindaris eventually became an indispensable part and parcel of the Maratha army. As a class of freebooters in Maratha armies they acted as a "sort of roving cavalry...rendering them much the same service as the Cossacks for the armies of Russia." The Pindaris would also later be used by kings such as Tipu Sultan.
465:
730:
758:
456:, with the revolt being led by another Afghan, named Ismail Mukh. Ismail Mukh succeeded and then abdicated in favor of Zafar Khan, who founded the Bahmani Sultanate. Hasan Gangu was one of the inhabitants of Delhi who were forced to immigrate to Daulatabad in the during the Delhi Sultanate, with the purpose of building a large Muslim urban centre in the Deccan.
1272:
In the early fourteenth century, the Muslim
Bahmani kingdom of the Deccan emerged following Alauddin's conquest of the south. Zafar Khan, an Afghan general and governor appointed by Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, was victorious against the troops of the Delhi Sultanate, establishing the Bahmani kingdom
580:
Muslim military men with
Deccani background were much sought after by the Marava and Kallar warrior chiefs of the south Indian hinterland. Their fortress towns soon acquired concentrations of migrant Deccanis and Urdu-speaking service people, mostly Sunnis. These incomers included seasoned fighters
472:
The
Bahmanids' aggressive confrontation with the two main Hindu kingdoms of the southern Deccan, Warangal and Vijayanagar, made them renowned among Muslims as warriors of the faith. Ahmad Shah Bahmani I conquered Warangal kingdom in 1425, annexing it to the empire. The Vijayanagar empire, which had
1302:
Some
Authors write that he was descended from Bahman, one of the ancient kings of Persia. And I have seen a pedigree of him, fo derived (?), in the royal library of Ahmednagar: but am inclined to believe, such lineage was only framed upon his accession to royalty, by flatterers and poets, and that
571:
The first mention of the
Pindaris referred to Muslim mercenaries generally settled in the districts of Bijapur, who had served as mercenaries for the armies of most of the Muslim Deccani kingdoms. They took part in the numerous wars against the Mughals of Delhi. The disintegration of the Muslim
1287:
Ferishta's
History of Dekkan from the first Mahummedan conquests: with a continuation from other native writers, of the events in that part of India, to the reduction of its last monarchs by the emperor Aulumgeer Aurungzebe: also, the reigns of his successors in the empire of Hindoostan to the
740:
originated in the 16th century in the Deccan region, containing an insightful native style with the blend of
Persianate techniques and is similar to neighbouring Vijayanagara paintings. Due to Islamic influence, Deccani paintings are mostly of nature and inspired by local
254:-speaking Muslims, known as the Deccani, who would come to play an important role in the politics of the Deccan. Their language, Deccani, emerged as a language of linguistic prestige and culture during the Bahmani Sultanate, further evolving in the
1189:
Zafar Khan alias
Alauddin Hasan Gangu ('Ala al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah), an Afghan or a Turk soldier, revolted against Delhi and established the Muslim Kingdom of Bahmani on August 3 in the South (Madura) and ruled as Sultan Alauddin Bahman
1768:
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (12 April 2012). "Courtly Insults". Courtly Encounters : Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia. Harvard University Press. pp. 34–102. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674067363.c2.
1218:
The Bahmani sultanate of the Deccan Soon after Muhammad Tughluq left Daulatabad, the city was conquered by Zafar Khan, a Turkish or Afghan officer of unknown descent, had earlier participated in a mutiny of troops in
960:"V. N. Misra and M. S. Mate Indian prehistory: 1964. (Deccan College Building Centenary and Silver Jubilee Series, No.32.) xxiii, 264 pp. Poona: Deccan college postgraduate and Research Institute, 1965. Rs.15"
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his origin is too obscure to be authentically traced. The apellation of Bahmani, he certainly took in compliment to Kango Brahmin, which is often pronounced Bhamen, and by tribe he was an Afghan.
1906:
509:
and dismissed them from their posts with a few exceptions, replacing them with nobles of the Deccani party. Uniting in a coalition under the leadership of Hussain Nizam Shah, the
485:
of diverse origins continued to identify as successor states of the Bahmanid dynasty as the basis of legitimacy, and minted Bahmanid coins rather than issue their own coins. The
813:
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635:, he overran the borderlands between the kingdoms and seized land and immense booty, increasing his power. Ultimately, this brought him into conflict with the
1938:
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708:
1439:
555:
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The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, Volume 1
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who had seen service with the Mughals and the Muslim states in northern India. This was the source of the phenomenal rise of rulers such as
270:
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672:
250:-speaking people to the Deccan and intermarriage with the local Hindus who converted to Islam, led to the creation of a new community of
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1985:
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of most Muslims in the states of Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, and it is spoken by a section of Muslims in Maharashtra,
737:
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942:
890:
1832:
773:. The term "bidriware" originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief center of production. Bidriware is a
1975:
1805:
607:
and became a cavalry officer in 1749. Once he took control of the army, he took advantage of court politics, stormed into
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17:
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The craftspersons of Bidar were so famed for their inlay work on copper and silver that it came to be known as
322:
170:
417:
1990:
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in order to fight the British and their allies. Eventually, after existing for 38 years, the Deccani Muslim
429:
1980:
531:
1030:
1970:
1052:
521:, resulting in the Sack of Vijayanagara. Hussain Nizam Shah personally beheaded the Vijayanagar Emperor,
1995:
1369:
328:
The Deccani people are further divided into various groups that can broadly be lumped into three: the
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648:
445:
79:
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408:
314:
1031:"Sultans of Deccan India, 1500-1700 Opulence and Fantasy | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
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present day: and the history of Bengal, from the accession of Aliverdee Khan to the year 1780
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223:
75:
8:
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251:
247:
1797:
1258:
A Short History of India: From the Earliest Civilisations to Today's Economic Powerhouse
505:, who established Sunnism (the religion of the Deccani Muslims). He degraded the Afaqis
1911:
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819:
Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Volume 22 (1963)
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494:
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262:
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243:
1388:
Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi
1005:
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would begin. His son and successor Tipu Sultan would inherit both conflicts. He saw
612:
1345:
Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century
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40:
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333:
266:
219:
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1411:
840:
309:. They form a majority in the old cities of Hyderabad and Aurangabad. After the
1803:
1499:
A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Part 1, Volume 8
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959:
801:
444:, or also known as Zafar Khan, a ruler of Afghan or Turk origin. following the
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294:
158:
83:
975:
321:, where they make up a significant portion of the Urdu speaking minority, the
1964:
983:
608:
174:
154:
137:
1081:
Sufis of Bijapur, 1300 - 1700 : social roles of Sufis in medieval India
226:. Further ancestry can also be traced from immigrant Muslims referred to as
1807:
Religion and Public Culture:Encounters and Identities in Modern South India
345:
337:
231:
103:
67:
1142:
Prince;Poet;Lover;Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad
1671:
Three Ways to be Alien: Travails and Encounters in the Early Modern World
906:
632:
586:
278:
207:
192:
125:
1743:
934:
The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700: Social Roles of Sufis in Medieval India
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and the Marathas, and the Wadiyars were reinstated on the Mysori throne.
464:
1696:
A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Volume 1
729:
306:
282:
1412:
Sheila Blair, Sheila S. Blair, Jonathan M. Bloom (25 September 1996).
749:. Some Deccani paintings present the historical events of the region.
317:, large diaspora communities formed outside the Deccan, especially in
766:
582:
498:
341:
302:
298:
290:
1145:. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.
627:, westernizing the army of Mysore in the process and developing the
600:
Hyder Ali had initially served as an ordinary soldier for the Hindu
769:. It was developed in the 14th century C.E. during the rule of the
757:
318:
286:
71:
1646:
The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times
1084:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publ. p. 41.
227:
1698:(illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 145.
501:, also switched to a Deccani ethnic and political identity under
361:
353:
349:
199:
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1576:
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period marked a golden age for Deccani culture, notably in the
203:
91:
87:
746:
215:
116:
63:
1748:(illustrated ed.). Africa World Press. pp. 196–7.
1619:(illustrated ed.). Metropolitan Museum of Art. p.
1385:
A. Rā Kulakarṇī; M. A. Nayeem; Teotonio R. De Souza (1996).
493:
were founded by the heads of the Deccani Muslim party. The
239:
235:
133:
1338:
1336:
210:. The community traces its origins to the shifting of the
814:
Urban Culture of Medieval Deccan (1300 A.D. TO 1650 A.D.)
369:
1804:
Keith E. Yandell Keith E. Yandell, John J. Paul (2013).
1615:
Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy
273:. The Deccani people form significant minorities in the
1834:
Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813
1333:
1718:
964:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
513:
Sultan, the five Deccan Sultanates defeated the Hindu
1721:
History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D
1593:
1611:
Navina Najat Haidar; Marika Sardar (13 April 2015).
1580:
Ancient India and South Indian History & Culture
1482:
Medieval India UPSC Preparation Books History Series
1273:
with its capital at Ahsanabad (modern-day Gulbarga).
1006:"Bahmani sultanate | historical Muslim state, India"
855:"Kya ba so ba – Learning to speak south-indian urdu"
1744:Shihan de S. Jayasuriya; Richard Pankhurst (2003).
1668:
662:) would be defeated by an alliance of the British,
1612:
1233:The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700-1800 CE
1053:"Urdu is the 2nd most spoken language in 5 states"
1830:
1962:
1693:
1643:
1495:
592:
242:and had settled in the Deccan region during the
1723:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 101.
1201:
1138:
733:Hunting party, Deccan, 1st half of 17th century
714:Sir David Baird Discovering Body of Tipu Sultan
631:as an artillery weapon. With the withdrawal of
1871:
1865:
1549:
1522:
1342:
1790:Origin growth and suppression of the Pindaris
549:Sultan Hussain Nizam Shah I beheads Rama Raya
1438:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1367:
1202:Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004).
1502:. Cambridge University Press. p. 126.
1452:
1415:The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250-1800
1317:Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries
678:Territories of the original Wadeyar kingdom
1673:(illustrated ed.). UPNE. p. 36.
1235:. Cambridge University Press. p. 87.
261:Following the demise of the Bahmanis, the
39:
1786:
1719:Radhey Shyam Chaurasia (1 January 2002).
1456:E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam
1115:Locating Home: India's Hyderabadis Abroad
1112:Leonard, Karen Isaksen (1 January 2007).
1939:"Karnataka tableau to feature Bidriware"
1837:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. p. 457.
1746:The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean
1577:Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar (1951).
1023:
756:
728:
463:
1172:
1111:
931:Eaton, Richard Maxwell (8 March 2015).
497:Sultanate, which was founded by a Shia
230:, also known as Pardesis who came from
14:
1963:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1553:The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate
1418:. Yale University Press. p. 159.
957:
1907:"Proving their mettle in metal craft"
1810:. Taylor & Francis. p. 200.
1694:Richard M. Eaton (17 November 2005).
1496:Richard M. Eaton (17 November 2005).
1284:
1077:
930:
885:. New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd.
841:"Deccani population statistics, 2011"
403:"south") was derived in the court of
1314:
1260:. Oldcastle Books Ltd. p. 160.
1255:
1230:
878:
476:
459:
58:Regions with significant populations
1931:
1894:
1644:Shanti Sadiq Ali (1 January 1996).
1583:. Oriental Book Agency. p. 81.
879:Aggarwal, Dr Malti Malik and Mala.
656:
629:first successful iron-cased rockets
468:All Steel Deccani Sword, the Tulwar
448:. Hasan Gangu revolted against the
440:The Bahmanid empire was founded by
393:
24:
1851:
807:
702:Hyder Ali as 'The Pretended Fakir'
423:A medieval Deccani Muslim horseman
25:
2012:
1648:. Orient Blackswan. p. 112.
1526:Local States in an Imperial World
1391:. Popular Prakashan. p. 34.
1206:. Psychology Press. p. 181.
27:Ethnoreligious community in India
1915:. 2 January 2012. Archived from
1597:Historic Landmarks of the Deccan
707:
695:
683:
671:
554:
542:
530:
428:
416:
246:(1347). The migration of Muslim
1986:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh
1861:, britannica.com, 10 April 2012
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1132:
1105:
1078:Eaton, Richard Maxwell (1996).
1071:
575:
1878:University of California Press
1594:Thomas Wolseley Haig · (101).
1343:Ahmed Farooqui, Salma (2011).
1045:
998:
951:
937:. Princeton University Press.
924:
899:
872:
847:
833:
409:Sultan Mahmood Shah Bahmani II
13:
1:
1485:. Mocktime Publication. 2011.
1118:. Stanford University Press.
907:"Āfāqī | people | Britannica"
826:
777:(GI) awarded craft of India.
752:
195:ethno-religious community of
1669:Sanjay Subrahmanyam (2011).
958:Burton, J. (February 1968).
645:victory against the Marathas
619:in 1761, Hyder Ali launched
222:in 1327 during the reign of
202:who inhabit or are from the
7:
1976:Muslim communities of India
1600:. Pioneer Press. p. 6.
780:
724:
615:. Having styled himself as
566:
10:
2017:
1831:Jaswant Lal Mehta (2005).
1556:. Bloomsbury. p. 59.
1290:. hansebooks. p. 15.
1177:. McFarland. p. 257.
719:
435:Map of the Bahmanid empire
379:
1173:Jenkins, Everett (2015).
976:10.1017/s0041977x00113035
787:South Asian ethnic groups
690:Hyder's Dominions in 1780
660: God-gifted kingdom
537:The Malik-i Maidan cannon
407:rulers in 1487 AD during
153:
148:
114:
109:
102:
97:
62:
57:
52:
47:
38:
1347:. Pearson. p. 150.
1285:Scott, Jonathan (2016).
1139:Narendra Luther (1991).
613:proclaimed himself ruler
446:Rebellion of Ismail Mukh
80:United States of America
1872:Mark Zebrowski (1983).
1550:Pushkar Sohoni (2018).
1523:Roy S. Fischel (2020).
1459:. Brill. p. 1072.
1010:Encyclopædia Britannica
775:Geographical Indication
315:annexation of Hyderabad
1319:. BRILL. p. 144.
762:
738:Deccani style painting
734:
469:
344:), and Madrasis (from
1368:Ibrahim Khan (1960).
1256:Kerr, Gordon (2017).
859:www.zanyoutbursts.com
760:
732:
467:
149:Related ethnic groups
1991:Urdu-speaking people
1453:E. J. Brill (1993).
1371:Anecdotes from Islam
1315:Wink, Andre (1991).
1231:Wink, André (2020).
647:and allied with the
561:Ruins of Vijayanagar
289:, and the states of
224:Muhammad bin Tughluq
76:United Arab Emirates
1981:Muhajir communities
1880:. pp. 40–285.
653:Sultanat-e-Khudadad
594:Sultanat-i-Khudadad
503:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
35:
1971:Hyderabadi Muslims
1912:The Times of India
1787:Roy, M.P. (1973).
1204:A History of India
1059:. 2 September 2019
911:www.britannica.com
797:Hyderabadi Muslims
763:
735:
519:Battle of Talikota
515:Vijayanagar empire
470:
364:). Deccani is the
311:Partition of India
167:Hyderabadi Muslims
33:
1996:Deccan sultanates
1945:. 11 January 2011
1775:978-0-674-06736-3
944:978-1-4008-6815-5
892:978-93-5199-083-3
605:Kingdom of Mysore
483:Deccan Sultanates
477:Deccan Sultanates
460:Vijayanagara Wars
336:); Mysoris (from
256:Deccan Sultanates
244:Bahmani Sultanate
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827:References
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220:Daulatabad
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138:Isma'ilism
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