Decimus Burton - Knowledge

3661: 3093: 1343: 3571: 2889: 2164: 2922: 2141: 3487: 2830: 2701: 3390: 2127: 2749: 3164: 2667: 2715: 2248:, Inner Circle, Regent's Park (1818). From 1818, Burton resided, with his father, at The Holme, Regent's Park, which has been described as 'one of the most desirable private homes in London', which was designed as the Burton family mansion by Decimus, and built by James Burton's own company. The Holme was the second villa to be built in Regent's Park, and the first of those to be designed or constructed by the Burton family. The hallmark of the Burton design is the large semi-circular bay that divided the principal elevation, and which extended for two storeys. The original villa also had a conservatory of polygonal form, which used wrought iron glazing bars, then only recently patented, instead of the then customary wooden bars. 3453: 1545:, had been used by the Princess Victoria and the Duchess of Kent. The villas constructed by Burton on the Calverley Estate were intended for the gentry, and each would be able to accommodate several servants. Burton's design is predominantly Georgian neoclassical in style, but includes elements of the Italianate-, Old English or Tudor-, neogothic-, and cottage orne styles. Burton designed 24 villas, the first of which was completed in autumn 1828: nearly twenty years would pass until the last villa of the series were complete. Burton also constructed a series of Tudor-style servants' cottages, and three grand entrances to the estate: the Victoria Gate, and the less ornate Keston Lodge and Farnborough Lodge. 1046:, one of London's grandest gentlemens' clubs" where Burton "mixed with many of the greatest in the land, meeting the most creative as well as those with enormous hereditary wealth". By 1826, the name of Decimus Burton "was on the lips of everyone who cared at all about the arts and architecture": he was "very well liked his modesty, politeness, and upright bearing were endearing" and "his integrity and professional competence were worthy of the greatest respect". Burton was treated by the aristocracy 'more as a friend than as a professional advisor' and his close friendships with, and patronage by, the aristocracy were undamaged by the vituperation of both his person and his neoclassical architecture by 3590: 2023: 2794: 3295: 2812: 2952: 2866: 1022: 3328: 1328:

the arch by the statue, and of the statue by its elevation on the arch, more complete. Every post brings us letters urging renewed efforts to remove the figure to another site". The contestation about the prospective removal of the statue became national. However, the Government failed to remove the statue, despite that they had professed, when it had been placed, that they would do so if it provoked the aversion which it had provoked. Foreign intellectuals who visited London identified the incongruous fusion of the statue and the arch as "spectacular confirmation" of the "artistic ignorance of the English". Architectural historian Guy Williams writes that "

820: 2730: 729:'s early years in private practice, and his first speculative developments, which failed either to sell or let, were unsuccessful, and his consequent financial shortage was exacerbated by the 'crazily extravagant' wife whom he had married before he had completed his training, until he was declared bankrupt in 1783. To resolve his financial shortage, Nash cultivated the acquaintance of James Burton, who consented to patronize him. James Burton was responsible for the social and financial patronage of the majority of Nash's London designs, in addition to for their construction, and Decimus became acquainted with Nash through his father. 3356: 3425: 2211: 3266: 3179: 2904: 2686: 1694:, which the author had to publish himself as a consequence of the extent of the defamation of society architects therein, satirized John Nash as "Mr Wash, Plasterer, who jobs out Day Work on Moderate Terms", and Burton as "Talent of No Consequence, Premium Required", and included satirical sketches of Nash's Buckingham Palace and Burton's Wellington Arch. Consequently, the amount of commissions received by Burton declined, although he retained a close friendship with the aristocrats amongst his patrons, who continued to commission him. Burton completed a new portico, hall, and staircase for 2196: 3642: 2852: 3149: 1892:, there is a gross imbalance between the ‘scale and significance’ of Decimus Burton's work and the amount of documentary evidence about it that has come into the public domain. Given the fragmentary nature of written sources concerning his work, he has tended to be relegated, quite undeservedly, 'to the margins of architectural histories’. However, Burton's works in London, especially those around Hyde Park, Green Park, Regent's Park, remains a lasting and resplendent memorial. His reputation has increased since the commencement of the 20th century, during which a 1354: 2653: 2989: 1569:, commended Burton's 'restrained eclectism' in the Calverley developments. Williams contends that the Calverley Estate be 'one of the great architectural successes of the nineteenth century' and that 'Decimus Burton's reputation could be assured by his work here alone', and describes Burton's villas at the estate as 'domestic masterpiece'. Henry Russell Hitchcock described Burton's Calverley Estate as 'the finest extant example' of its kind. Sir John Soane's friend John Britton described Burton's Calverley as a 'beautiful pleasure garden'. 2937: 4730: 5848: 1368:'s expanding family was becoming acute. It was "solved" in two steps by Decimus Burton and W.A. Nesfield. With his eye for landscape, Burton had John Nash's triumphal monument, originally intended as the entrance to the palace, relocated to the north eastern corner of Hyde Park. He consulted on filling in the Buckingham Palace forecourt, creating new interiors and the courtyard we know today. The Royal Family were able to move in to more spacious premises. Moving the arch, stone by stone, was left to the engineering skills of 3281: 2226: 3194: 2764: 3552: 2779: 2625: 3134: 1191:, President of the Board of Commissioners of Woods and Forests, selected Decimus Burton as the project's architect: in 1828, when giving evidence to a Parliamentary select committee on the Government's spending on public works, Arbuthnot explained that he had nominated Burton 'having seen in the Regent's Park, and elsewhere, works which pleased my eye, from their architectural beauty and correctness'. Burton intended to create an urban space dedicated to the celebration of the 2265:, which became known as 'St. Dunstan's Villa'. Burton's creation was described as, 'decorated simplicity, such as the hand of taste, aided by the purse of wealth can alone execute'. Burton's creation was subsequently reconstructed as a building with a modern exterior. In 1819, Burton had also designed for the same commissioner a South Villa, the designs of which were exhibited at Royal Academy in 1822 and in 1825, the manuscript drawings of which are now in the Library of the 3107: 3678: 3627: 2639: 3314: 3122: 1950: 1499:, in around 1840. Burton's Athenaeum clubhouse is in the Neoclassical style, with both Ancient Greek, Ancient Roman, and Renaissance Italian elements: it has a Doric portico with paired columns, and has been described by architectural scholar Guy Williams as 'a building of remarkable grace and astonishing novelty' with a central staircase that is 'distinctly Egyptian in flavour'. The Corinthian-columns of the entrance hall, informed by those of the Athenian 1317:, yet I would prefer that the building should remain for the present in its forlorn and bare state, rather than a colossal equestrian statue should be placed upon it... I fear that if this appropriation of the building should be decided upon, a proposition would soon be made for removing altogether the facades of columns, the slender proportions of which would appear so incongruous and out of proportion compared with the prodigious dimensions of the statue 1096:

Regent's Park, and the first of those to be designed or constructed by the Burton family. The hallmark of the Burton design is the large semi-circular bay that divided the principal elevation, and which extended for two storeys. The original villa also had a conservatory of polygonal form, which used wrought iron glazing bars, then only recently patented, instead of the then customary wooden bars. The first villa to be constructed in the park was

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triumphal arch at Hyde Park Corner: Burton expressed his opposition to this proposal 'as plainly and as vehemently as his nature allowed' consistently over successive years, because the ungainly statue would 'disfigure' his arch, for which it was much too large, and the surrounding neighbourhood, because it would have to be placed, contrary to all classical precedent, across, instead of parallel with, the roadway under the arch.

1150:, on a stepped base, with a shallow pyramidal cover. His tomb was Grade II listed building in 2001. On his death, his property, including his extensive library and all of his architectural drafts and notes passed to surviving members of his family, mostly to his nephew Alfred Henry Burton (d.1917) or his two unmarried nieces, Helen and Emily Jane Wood, who subsequently sold their share, despite that he had left his library to the 3342: 52: 1624:], vaultings, tracery, pointed roof, and flying buttresses of a Gothic building…": a building of a style that they contended to be improper ‘to the prevailing sentiment of an age so enlightened’. In contradistinction to the neo-gothic style, they commended those who had ‘built St. Paul's Cathedral, to the satisfaction of an applauding posterity, in the more beautiful and universal style of Roman architecture’. 650:

under all disadvantages of war, and of an unjust clamour which has repeatedly been raised against him. Mr Burton was ready to come forward with money and personal assistance to relieve and help forward those builders who were unable to proceed in their contracts; and in some instances he has been obliged to resume the undertaking and complete himself what has been weakly and imperfectly proceeded with....

615:, in 1805, the large country mansion which he named Mabledon House, which was described in 1810 by the local authority as 'an elegant imitation of an ancient castellated mansion'. The majority of the stone that James Burton required for Mabledon was quarried from the hill on which it was to be built, but Burton also purchased the stone that had been released by the recent demolition at a nearby mansion, 1158:, which displayed 18 of the same in its British Galleries. Amongst Burton's possession on his death were an oil painting of St. John, copied by Sir Joshua Reynolds from a work by Raphael; a model of the Temple on the Ilissus at Athens; a statuette of an Angel copied from an original by Thorvaldsen; framed drawings of 'A Royal Palace' by Joseph Gandy ARA (b. 1771), who had been described as 'an English 741:, which he had already been commissioned to construct. In return, Nash agreed to promote the career of Decimus Burton. Nash was a vehement advocate of the neoclassical revival endorsed by Soane, although he had lost interest in the plain stone edifices typical of the Georgian style, and instead advocated the use of stucco. Decimus Burton entered the office of Nash in 1815, where he worked alongside 1784:. Subsequent to his retirement there, Decimus designed and constructed several buildings at St Leonards-on-Sea. Burton's Temperate House at Kew, which is double the size of his Palm House and the world's largest surviving Victorian glass structure, was only completed after his death, in 1898, and has become one of his most popularly acclaimed works: Williams writes of the Temperate House, " 635:", and "James Burton became adept at relieving the monotony of long residential terraces by allowing their central blocks to project slightly from the surfaces to each side, and by bringing forward, too, the houses at each end", and that "the ironwork in a classical style in James Burton's Bloomsbury terraces was, and often still is, particularly fine, though mass produced". 631:. Decimus's father James was a talented architect, in addition to the foremost contemporaneous property developer. Williams says of James Burton, " was no ordinary builder. He could have put up an imposing and beautifully proportioned building, correct in every constructional detail, from the roughest of sketches tossed patronizingly at him by a 'gentleman architect 1556:, was constructed at Calverley. The Crescent contained 17 shops, and covered areas for spectators. Burton's development of the Calverley Estate contained elements of the neoclassical-, the Old English-, and the neogothic styles, and was highly commended: it has been described as "a landmark in English domestic architecture" and the "prototype garden suburb". 709:, which had not been built in proportion: Soane used special diagrams to demonstrate to his students, including Burton, the failings of Smirke's design, as a consequence of which he was ostracized within the Royal Academy and compelled to suspend his lectures. Soane commended, in contradistinction, in 1815, as an archetype of neoclassical excellence, 1245:(on which Nash's Marble Arch had been modelled) – because it was not sufficiently ostentatious. Burton created a new design, "to pander to the majestic ego", which was much larger and modelled on a fragment found in the Ancient Roman forum, which was accepted on 14 January 1826, and subsequently built as the present 1214:, in the classical style. There were no authoritative precedents for such buildings, which required windows and chimney stacks, in the classical style, and, in the words of Guy Williams, 'Burton's reticent treatment of the supernumerary features' and of the cast iron gates and railings, was 'greatly admired'. 1294:

pedestal... Mr. Burton, through the mildness which characterizes him, has not expressed this opinion so loudly and so publicly as he ought to have done.... an opinion prevails very generally, that he is a party to the proceedings, and this has induced many to be silent who would otherwise have spoken...

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at Tunbridge Wells in the neo-gothic style: he unwisely accepted the commission despite that he was 'neither by temperament nor training' qualified to design a work in this style, of which he knew little, and his design was censured, in addition to commended as a 'beautiful structure' and a 'handsome

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I will take the opportunity of repeating the proposition I have made to you about a Club for Literary and Scientific men and followers of the Fine Arts. The fashionable and Military Clubs... have spoiled all the Coffee Houses and Taverns so that the artist, or mere literary man... are in a much worse

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contended, "down, unquestionably, it must come. As the network of timber is removed, spar by spar, from before it, so do the folly of the experiment, the absurdity of the conjunction, and the greatness of the sacrifice become apparent. Its effect is even worse than we anticipated – the destruction of

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that 'thanks to royal and other influential patronage, Wyatt enjoyed a reputation and practice to which his mediocre abilities hardly entitled him'. Trench, and his patrons the Duke and Duchess of Rutland, had told the public subscribers to the statue that the statue would be place on top of Burton's

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Without such a man, possessed of very considerable talents, unwearied industry, and a capital of his own, the extraordinary success of the improvement of the Foundling Estate could not have taken place... By his own peculiar resources of mind, he has succeeded in disposing of his buildings and rents,

1631:, wanted, now that he were premier, to disassociate himself from the controversial John Wilson Croker, who was a founding member of the Athenaeum, close associate of the Burtons, an advocate of neoclassicism, and repudiator of the neo-gothic style: consequently, Peel appointed a committee chaired by 1486:

on 16 February 1824, where a committee was formed that resolved: first, that temporary premises would be rented at 12 Waterloo Place, which had been constructed by the company of Club member James Burton, the pre-eminent London property developer; and, second, that Decimus Burton, then 24 years old,

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Canning wrote that 'the remonstrances which reach Her Majesty's Government against the proposed appropriation of the arch are so many and so strong, the representations of its architect, Mr. Burton, in the same sense, are so earnest, and the opinion of every other eminent architect, artist, or other

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From 1818, Burton resided, with his father, at The Holme, Regent's Park, which has been described as "one of the most desirable private homes in London", which was designed as the Burton family mansion by Decimus, and built by James Burton's own company. The Holme was the second villa to be built in

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and extremely erudite in both arts and sciences, as was demonstrated by the diversity of his library – a part of which was auctioned off by his nieces after his death. The sale catalogue listed 347 separate lots, some of which ran into many volumes, and demonstrated the diversity of his intellectual

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specifications. However, to Nash's great annoyance, Decimus disregarded the latter's advice and developed the terraces according to his own style. As a result, Nash sought, unsuccessfully, to demolish and completely rebuild Chester Terrace. Decimus subsequently eclipsed his master and emerged as the

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are bound to express their entire satisfaction at the manner in which the work has been carried out by Mr. Burton. They can testify, and indeed the foregoing Accounts evince, the general accuracy of his estimates and they trust that the Club at large, as well as the public, must be satisfied of his

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During 1882, traffic congestion at Hyde Park Corner motivated advocacy for Burton's triumphal arch to be moved to the top of Constitution Hill to create space for traffic. In response to this advocacy, Burton's great-nephew Francis Fearon compiled and published a pamphlet that advocated the removal

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arch at Hyde Park Corner is a visible reminder of one of the fiercest attacks that have ever been launched in the worlds of art and architecture. The face of London might have been very different now – freer, perhaps, of the 'monstrous carbuncles' so disliked by the present Prince of Wales – if the

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Despite the fact that he had left his library to the Royal Institute of British Architects, of which he had served as president, most of it was deposited instead with his two unmarried nieces, Helen and Emily Jane Wood, who subsequently sold it, and the remainder was distributed among other family

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from 1840. An 1828 testimonial for his election to Fellowship of the Society of Antiquaries described him as 'Architect and Gentleman, well versed in the History and Antiquaries of this Kingdom': he was elected FSA on 8 January 1829, during the tenure of W. R. Hamilton, Chief Commissioner of Woods

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has been founded in St Leonards-on-Sea to 'encourage the preservation of the work of James and Decimus Burton and to prevent development unsympathetic to its character', which has successfully thwarted several attempts to create new developments that would have violated the beauty of the Burtons'

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at Kew Gardens. The constructed Palm House is the consequence of the collaboration of Burton and Richard Turner: 'Decimus Burton contributed his considerable flair for creating refined and elegant structures and Richard Turner a singular talent for metal fabrication'. Burton's Palm House has been

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At Hyde Park Corner, the King required that "some great ceremonial outwork that would be worthy of the new palace that lay to its rear", and accepted Burton's consequent proposal for a sequence comprising a gateway and a classical screen, and a triumphal arch, which would enable those approaching

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During the competition for the design of the new Houses of Parliament, Burton, "the land's leading classicist", was vituperated with continuous invective, which Guy Williams has described as an "anti-Burton campaign", by the foremost advocate of the neo-gothic style, Augustus Pugin, who was made

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Architectural scholar Guy Williams has written, 'John Nash relied on James Burton for moral and financial support in his great enterprises. Decimus had showed precocious talent as a draughtsman and as an exponent of the classical style... John Nash needed the son's aid, as well as the father's'.

1183:, and the area around it, must be renovated to the extent of the splendor of rival European capital cities, and that the essence of the new arrangement would be a triumphal approach to Buckingham Palace, which had been recently completed. The committee of the project, led by the Prime Minister, 1405:

style. As a consequence of the success of his London Zoo designs, Burton received more commissions than he were able to complete himself, and, consequently, employed assistants, began to train pupils, and bought a plot at Spring Gardens, St. James's Park, at the east end of The Mall, where he

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From all sides, Decimus Burton's Zoo buildings received the highest praise. They were playful - witty, even - while being architecturally beyond reproach. They made a visit to the Zoo an aesthetic, as well as an educational, pleasure. They brought a suggestion of foreign lands to the flattish

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The arch would, I consider, suffer greatly in importance if the colossal statue in question be placed there, because it would become a mere pedestal. The want of proportion in the proposed surmount, compared with the columns and other details of the architecture, would show that they had been

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at Rome, on which the central and side blocks of the Screen had been modelled, was more technically perfect, and coherent with the Screen, than that of the arch that was subsequently built: this original design, however, was rejected by the committee – who had envisaged a design based on the

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We have learnt, and can state positively, that Mr. Burton has the strongest objection possible against placing the group in question on the archway... and that he is taking no part whatever in the alteration proposed to be made in the upper part of the structure to prepare it to receive the

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Burton had realized that the disciples of Pugin and advocates of Pugin's anti-classicism would remove all classical elements from his arch if permitted the opportunity to do so. The Government placed the Wellington statue on the arch in autumn 1846: Williams contends that the product was

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in the fire of 1834 were an opportunity for the creation of a splendid neoclassical replacement of the Houses of Parliament, in which the Elgin Marbles could be displayed: they expressed their aversion that the new seat of the British Empire would "be doomed to crouch and wither in the

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positioned in the recess at the top of the principal staircase at the Athenaeum was a gift to the club from Decimus. There is a photographic portrait of Decimus, taken in 1873, preserved at the club, and the Club retains some furniture designed by Decimus. Another early member was

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at Constitution Hill into Green Park, London, which has been described as 'one of London's best loved landmarks'. Burton designed the arch's iron gates, which were constructed by Bramah and Co. of Pimlico. Burton's original design for the triumphal arch, which was modelled on the

1687:) to alter the appearance of London". Pugin attempted to popularize advocacy of the neo-gothic, and repudiation of the neoclassical, by composing and illustrating books that contended the supremacy of the former and the degeneracy of the latter, which were published from 1835. 1376:

of the Wellington statue from the arch in the event of the removal of the arch to another location: Fearon contended that the arch should be 'relieved once and for all of its unsightly load'. The campaign led by Fearon was successful: Wyatt's incongruous statue was removed to

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Burton's work with his father on the East Sussex town of St Leonards-on-Sea, between 1827 and 1837, had so impressed their friend, and fellow Atheneaum Club member, Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood that he commissioned Burton to design and lay out his new port and seaside resort of

811:, where he exclusively designed No. 3 and No. 4. Decimus also designed some of the villas of the Inner Circle: his villa for the Marquess of Hertford has been described as, 'decorated simplicity, such as the hand of taste, aided by the purse of wealth can alone execute'. 1230:

Hyde Park Gate/Screen at Hyde Park Corner, which delighted the King and his Committee, and which architectural historian Guy Williams describes as 'one of the most pleasing architectural works that have survived from the neo-classical age'. The triumphal arch became the

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during the acquisition and transportation of the Elgin Marbles, published a pamphlet in which he censured the fact that ‘gothic barbarism’ had been preferred to the masterful designs of Ancient Greece and Rome: but the judgement was not altered, and was ratified by the

545:, the daughter of John and Mary Westley. His father was born James Haliburton, and shortened his surname to Burton in 1794, between the births of his fourth and fifth children. The paternal grandfather was William Haliburton (1731–1785), a London property developer of 1300:, contended that another site would be preferable, and proposed, on behalf of the Crown, to offer any other site, but the statue's subscribers rejected all alternative proposals. Every single MP except Sir Frederick Trench wanted the statue to be placed elsewhere. 1779:

Philip Whitbourn contends that Burton's Palm House 'could have a just claim as the world's most important surviving Victorian glass and iron structure'. Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace was derived almost entirely from the glasshouse work of Decimus Burton and

1674:. The commissioners subsequently appointed Pugin to assist in the construction of the interior of the new Palace, to the design of which Pugin himself had been the foremost determiner. The first stone of the new Pugin-Barry design was laid on 27 April 1840. 1518:

Burton made himself responsible for the design of as many of the decorative features of the club as possible, including the clock-cases and the pendant light-fittings. When the Clubhouse was completed in April 1830, the members of the Club Committee stated,

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Burton had envisaged that his arch would be topped with only a small quadriga whose horses would have been parallel with the road under the arch. Burton's objections were extensively endorsed by most of the aristocratic residents of London. A writer in

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that Decimus Burton should be remembered'. William Willicombe's subsequent designs on the Calverley Estate, including Lansdowne Road and Calverley Park Gardens, were informed by Burton, with whom he had worked on Burton's earlier parts of the town.

1384:. Jones' statue is not nearly as elegant as Burton's designed statue intended for the arch, but it is more coherent with the arch than Wyatt's statue, and its figures, unlike those of Wyatt's statue, are aligned with the roadway under the arch. 1653:, because he had recently openly and fervently converted to Roman Catholicism, as a consequence of which any design submitted in his own name would certainly have been automatically rejected; the design he submitted for improvements to 1037:

to a design by Decimus Burton. It has been described as "one of the most desirable private homes in London" by architectural scholar Guy Williams, and "a definition of Western civilization in a single view" by architectural critic Ian

1115:, where he constructed, in the Georgian neoclassical townhouse style, No. 10, 12, and 14 Spring Gardens, as both his townhouse and his principal office. The buildings no longer exist, but elevations of them appear in the former LCC's 611:. Subsequent to the birth of his twelfth child, Jessy, in 1804, Decimus's father James Burton had purchased a site on a hill about one mile to the south of Tonbridge in Kent, where he constructed, to the designs of the architect 2520:, various buildings (1826–28) and (1831–34); the surviving of which include the Giraffe House, the Camel House, the Raven Cage and the tunnel under the Outer Circle, connecting the two parts of the zoo. He also designed the 1257:

The arch at Constitution Hill was left devoid of decorative sculpture as a result of the moratorium in 1828 on public building work, and, instead, despite the absolute objection of Burton, was mounted with an ungainly

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has been erroneously attributed primary responsibility and credit. Architectural historian Guy Williams is unequivocal: Decimus Burton was " designer of the Great Stove at Chatsworth". Burton, who was advisor to the

2299:: Stanhope, Grosvenor, and Cumberland Gates and their lodges. More extensive plans for the Parks that were not realized included the dramatic circular Bayswater Gate and Lodge, and an entrance to Green Park from 1908:, meaning that what had been thought of as mere engineering was allowed to enter the pantheon of true architecture. Burton's name was now fortunately attached to some of the most significant works of that type". 1904:. Douglas Murphy contends that Burton's use of "Iron and glass, through shedding ornament and aiming for efficient performance over capricious pomp, was retroactively understood as the historic forerunner of 1851:(1821–1880) the son of his eldest brother, William Ford Burton. Henry Marley Burton succeeded to Decimus's architectural practice subsequent to Decimus's retirement. In 1866, Henry Marley was commissioned by 1206:, began, in 1825, with the demarcation of new drives and pathways, subsequent to which Burton designed new lodges and gates, viz. Cumberland Gate, Stanhope Gate, Grosvenor Gate, the Hyde Park Gate/Screen at 1572:

Philip Whitbourn contends that Burton has been inaccurately 'sometimes stereotyped as feeling no enthusiasm for the Gothic Revival' and that 'it is as a master not only of the neoclassical but also of the

694:. As a consequence of his father's social position, Burton was able to enter the Schools at an unprecedentedly young age, without having been previously articled to an architect. There he was taught by Sir 4737: 4735: 4733: 773:

as, 'One of the most elegant and successful adaptations of the Grecian style to purposes of modern domestic architecture to be found in this or any country'. Subsequently, Nash invited Burton to design

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Burton was "on excellent terms" with Princess Victoria, and with the Duchess of Kent. The Princess and the Duchess, with several courtiers, had laid the foundation stone of a Decimus Burton School in

3660: 662:. Simultaneously, Maddox taught Decimus architectural draughtsmanship, including the details of the five orders. After his first year of tuition by his father and Maddox, Decimus submitted to the 1162:'; and a bronze lamp suspended from a snake's mouth. An obituary notice said "No architect was better known, and none was better respected, for he was amiable, considerable, and gentle to all". 1418:

demonstrates the breadth of his knowledge, and the esteem in which his opinion was held by his contemporaries. Burton's evidence to the 1840 Select Committee, which discussed plans to develop

1491:; Sir Thomas Lawrence, President of the Royal Academy; and Sir Humphry Davy, President of the Royal Society. Decimus continued to work for the club until 1864, and designed Croker's villa at 2553:. The construction of additions to the club building that were designed by Decimus Burton, in 1853, was superintended, when eventually commenced, in 1871, by his nephew, Henry Marley Burton. 1541:

Burton was commissioned to develop the Calverley Estate by John Ward, an MP for whom he had designed his first neoclassical country residence. Great Mount Pleasant, a mansion owned by the

1134:, and St. Leonards Lodge, St. Leonards-on-Sea, which adjoined 'The Uplands' and 'The Lawn' developments which he had designed. He never married nor had issue. He died in December 1881, at 1657:, in 1843 were rejected for this reason. The design for Parliament that Pugin submitted through Barry won the competition. Subsequent to the announcement of the design ascribed to Barry, 1123:. At the end of 1834, Burton had two "comfortable well-staffed homes", one in Spring Gardens and one at Tunbridge Wells, where he had another office at No. 10 Calverley Parade, where the 1127:

now stands. Williams records that, for Burton, "Money was rolling in. Income tax was of no concern. had a brother who could look after his business affairs and see to his investments".

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early in Decimus's career meant that his books and casts were the sources for his early designs, which are technically formal in style. However, he subsequently travelled extensively in

2582:, London SE (1831). Burton landscaped the grounds and designed the buildings for the entrepreneur, John Davidson Smith. It became a popular society venue attracting large crowds to its 760:

in Regent's Park. Greenough's invitation to Decimus Burton was 'virtually a family affair', for Greenhough had dined frequently with Decimus's parents and Decimus's brothers, including

6333: 2140: 517:. The Burtons' London mansion, The Holme of Regent's Park, which was built by James's company to a design by his son Decimus Burton, was described by 20th century architectural critic 1313:

designed by different hands, and without reference for each other. ...I have desired to witness the completion of this building, as originally designed by me, and as approved by the

1524:". Decimus Burton subsequently became the "prime member of the Athenaeum, one of London's grandest gentlemen's clubs", of which his father James was also a member. The cast of the 3570: 2666: 6652: 2811: 982:

His use of the orders is always correct, but he showed a lack of pedantry in their application that sets him apart from some of his more doctrinaire contemporaries, such as

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would be commissioned to design a permanent clubhouse. The Trustees of the Club who employed Burton were the Earl of Aberdeen, former Prime Minister and President of the

2829: 2586:. Burton's buildings were in a " rustic" style, with the ticket office in the form of a thatched cottage. The Spa closed in 1856 soon after the opening of the nearby 1414:

Burton was one of the first architects to consider the implications of architecture on the creation of distinct urban environments. The evidence given by Burton to two

2022: 3452: 717:: "In this superb structure he has united... the taste and magnificence of a Roman villa with all the comforts and conveniences of an English Nobleman's residence". 347:(30 September 1800 – 14 December 1881) was one of the foremost English architects and landscapers of the 19th century. He was the foremost Victorian architect in the 1872: 6662: 3389: 1646: 3163: 2921: 2163: 6572: 1443: 1259: 2865: 2087:

subsequently termed 'Kensington Italianate'. (Only numbers 1–10 were built in Burton's style: the remainder were completed from 1850 to a much grander design)

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M. Wilson contends that 'Decimus Burton's laying out of the Calverley Estate is the best surviving embodiment of Early Victorian seriousness and refinement'.

2126: 6050: 3512:. This included many works on the paths, relocation of monuments and construction of gates to an area previously dominated by military and police barracks. 3486: 2888: 6416: 4756: 4311: 4071: 3942: 1772:

described as "one of the boldest pieces of 19th century functionalism in existence - much bolder indeed, and hence aesthetically much more satisfying than

1426:. This is one of the first examples of public discourse about an urban space that acknowledged the potential for its national and political significance. 1042:

Burton has been described, by architectural scholar Guy Williams, as "rich, cool, well-dressed, apparently celibate, the designer and prime member of the

2116: 658:

and, in 1816, Decimus commenced work in James Burton's office. While working for his father, Decimus was present in the design and construction of lower

343: 41: 5894: 674:

Burton has been described by Williams as "an exceptionally clever child" who demonstrated a lack of emotion characteristic of his family. Decimus left

2793: 2729: 3589: 2748: 1786:

It makes one wonder how much the appearance of London might not have been improved if Augustus W. N. Pugin had never started his anti-Burton campaign

6526: 619:. Decimus Burton was coincidentally commissioned to expand Mabledon, his childhood home, on several occasions after it had been sold by his father. 3294: 2266: 2262: 569: 310: 3838: 2700: 339: 37: 3327: 1615:

for the nation, and the erection of a neoclassical gallery in which they could be displayed to the same, and subsequently contended that the

1081:. Decimus and his siblings, Jane, James (born 1786), Septimus, the solicitor, Octavia, and Jessy, would host Thomas on his visits to London. 6722: 6687: 6622: 6617: 2714: 2354: 2195: 1868: 1455: 1342: 557: 888:; and numerous topographical views and surveys of cities and counties in the collection; and foreign-language texts, including volumes by 6717: 3355: 1154:, of which he had served as president. However, Burton donated 200 of his extensive collection of casts, which informed his work, to the 1852: 1727: 1467: 1692:

Contrasts: or a Parallel Between the Noble Edifices of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries and Similar Buildings of the Present Day

1591:

structure' which 'reflects great credit on the architect'. A more unanimously successful attempt to design in the neogothic style was

6732: 3424: 2951: 2685: 2475: 1707: 1695: 1459: 1218:

Buckingham Palace from the north to ride or drive first through the screen and then through the arch, before turning left to descend

1062: 1058: 506: 502: 1446:, who was primarily responsible for the organisation and early development of the club. In 1823, Croker wrote to Sir Humphry Davy, " 6707: 6632: 5091: 3265: 1900:

The recently completed restoration (2018) of the Temperate House at London's Kew Gardens has prompted a re-evaluation of Burton's

4957: 2225: 1974: 1271: 1184: 552:

On his father's side, Decimus's great-great grandparents were Rev. James Haliburton (1681–1756) and Margaret Eliott, daughter of

3178: 6702: 6582: 3535: 2056: 1667: 850: 6263:

The Golden Dream: The Biography of Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, Bart., and the Founding of the Town of Fleetwood in Lancashire

6657: 6642: 6576: 6376: 6292: 6271: 6229: 6208: 4191: 2590:. Burton also drew up designs for a grand crescent of terraced houses on hill above the spa, which was, however, never built. 1831: 1715: 1151: 1146:, and his sister Jessy Burton. Decimus was the last of his siblings to die. Over his grave is a tapering sarcophagus of grey 364: 2496:. It was described as 'one of the finest and best proportioned of Greco-Doric in the Metropolis'. It was demolished in 1875. 5161: 4887: 3098: 3032: 2210: 1671: 1645:, the foremost expert on the Gothic, had to submit each of his designs through, and thus in the name of, other architects, 592: 6480: 5815: 3906: 3148: 3133: 6712: 3641: 3106: 1314: 335: 33: 1639:, which resolved that the new Houses of Parliament would have to be in either the ‘gothic’ or the ‘Elizabethan’ style. 4962: 3742: 3551: 3492: 3472: 2169: 2106: 1949: 1592: 1176: 6335:

Picturesque Urban Planning – Tunbridge Wells and the Suburban Ideal: The Development of the Calverley Estate 1825–1855

2903: 1380:, and its place on Burton's arch, which was moved to Constitution Hill in 1883, was occupied by a Quadriga by Captain 541:, a pre-eminent London property developer (1761–1837), and Elizabeth Westley (12 December 1761 – 14 January 1837), of 6677: 6647: 6395: 6355: 6322: 6250: 4874: 4507: 4145: 3902: 2083:, Brighton, (1831 – 1834, for Sir Isaac Goldsmith). The style that Burton used here was the progenitor of that which 1415: 1288: 1088:, and, five weeks later, in autumn 1834, they had stayed, by Burton's invitation, at James Burton's private villa at 1034: 705:

Soane was an advocate of the Neo-Palladian style, but had repudiated, including to his students, Robert Smirke's new

538: 376: 267: 2936: 843:, in 135 volumes; and transactions of many of the learned societies of which Burton was a member; and the complete 2988: 2851: 1990: 1827: 1488: 1463: 854: 769: 6137:"Phoenix Park: History from the Georgian Period to the Present. The Nineteenth Century and the Decimus Burton Era" 5921: 3790: 3604: 3280: 6727: 6637: 6627: 6607: 6488: 6058: 3921: 3476: 3333: 3228: 2778: 2568: 2132: 2100: 1662: 1596: 1227: 1120: 348: 737:'s refusal to finance them, James Burton agreed to personally finance the construction projects of John Nash at 603:

Decimus was born at the 'very comfortable and well staffed' North House in the newly built Southampton Terrace,

6672: 1560: 3733:

One widely publicized event was a "Grand Scottish Fête" on 16 September 1834 "with a tightrope performance by

3193: 1372:

and took four years. The siting at the Cumberland Gate entrance to the park was eventually completed in 1851.

1274:. Matthew Cotes Wyatt was not competent: Guy Williams contends that he was 'not noticeably talented', and the 6692: 6667: 3701: 3319: 3234: 2310:(1825). Remodelled in 1853 and 1854, also by Decimus Burton, after which they were named 'Stationery Office'. 1781: 958:, a Tory MP and author. Burton collected casts, which informed his work, over 200 of which he donated to the 577: 316: 6164: 3626: 2763: 6017: 6013: 3286: 3222: 2691: 2672: 2572: 2528: 2499: 2471: 2046: 1956: 1768: 1512: 983: 725:

Whereas Decimus's father James Burton was vigorously industrious, and had become 'most gratifyingly rich',

521:

as 'a definition of Western civilization in a single view'. Burton also contributed to the design of their

459: 3313: 2652: 2505: 2360: 1819: 1636: 1021: 1000: 699: 584: 486: 331: 286: 29: 6682: 3846: 1159: 1155: 1097: 1078: 987: 970: 966: 959: 955: 897: 819: 565: 352: 304: 173: 5948: 3737:, the black circus performer who would later dominate the Victorian circus and achieve immortality in 1788:". Burton's other works at Kew include the Museum No.1, the Campanile, and the Main Entrance Gates to 1763:, also designed the 'Winter Garden' glasshouse of the Royal Botanic Society in Regent's Park, and the 6612: 6514: 2803: 1219: 1124: 628: 57: 4870: 4503: 745:, who detested the neoclassical style. Decimus established his own architectural practice in 1821. 3521: 3076: 3062:

style for Alexandre Pott, now converted into flats. It has been termed DB's most picturesque house.

1864: 1658: 1143: 803: 778:, Regent's Park. Nash was appointed architectural 'overseer' for Decimus's Regent's Park projects: 761: 588: 564:

was descended on the maternal side. Burton was a cousin of the Canadian author and British Tory MP

292: 3983: 3341: 3121: 2624: 2600:(1823–1826) This has been described as 'splendidly Grecian... the best thing of its kind in Kent'. 1482:, accepted. The first meeting of the Athenaeum, with 14 men present, was held at the rooms of the 6442: 5868: 5267: 2560: 2493: 1764: 1739: 1654: 1565: 1530: 1401:". Burton laid out the Zoo in the picturesque style, and designed the early animal houses in the 1381: 1135: 1070: 753: 455: 91: 3791:"Pedigree of Decimus Burton (1800–1881), The Weald, Public Archives of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex" 2617:; additions to the Grove; additions to Sutton Court, Chiswick (1835, for 6th Duke of Devonshire) 6485:

Collection of documents and letters relating to James and Decimus Burton, from family donations

6150: 3347: 3246: 2871: 2857: 2366: 2329: 2232: 2186: 2029: 2012: 1924: 1684: 1435: 1270:, who had been selected by statue's commissioner, and one of its few subsequent advocates, Sir 1043: 893: 742: 638: 439: 372: 213: 168: 4135: 2575:, (1859–1863) (the flanking wings, also part of Burton's design, were not built until 1897–98) 1939:(and other Royal Parks in London) and Phoenix Park. This exhibition was also displayed at the 6697: 6282: 4179: 3140: 3113: 3026: 2676: 2638: 2429: 2343: 1835: 1823: 1760: 1616: 1602: 1331:

attacked party had been a little more pugnacious, and so better equipped to stand his ground

1139: 823: 808: 726: 687: 679: 663: 479: 443: 368: 356: 218: 103: 6602: 6597: 3199: 3072: 2511: 2453: 1608: 1479: 951: 654:

In 1815, James Burton took Decimus to Hastings, where the two would later design and build

360: 5797: 1969:

The projects are listed by county in alphabetical order. The list is based on the work of

1353: 1013:

style. His Gothic revival designs are unoriginal as he had little sympathy for the style.

8: 6567: 6303: 3977: 3689: 3610: 2839: 2539: 2317: 1905: 1901: 1848: 1796: 1719: 1406:

constructed Nos. 10, and 11, and 12 Spring Gardens as both his townhouse and his office.

1263: 1242: 1108: 612: 482:. His Calverley Estate (of which only a small proportion survives) was highly commended. 298: 973:. It was in his Georgian neoclassical work that he attained the acme of his excellence. 764:. Greenough and Decimus finalized their designs during numerous meetings at the opera. 5925: 3973: 3936: 3504:

Burton spent two decades of his life modernising and landscaping the neglected site of

3301: 3240: 3170: 3048: 2817: 2587: 2189:, as a pleasure resort for the gentry. Decimus designed the majority of the buildings. 2112: 1916: 1773: 1508: 1500: 1439: 1203: 1089: 1066: 845: 655: 642: 510: 467: 399: 242: 6183: 3534:, the invitation to make improvements to the sea-side resort in the 1840s was made by 2563:(1844–48) (at the time the largest greenhouse in the world), Main Gate (1846, renamed 6391: 6372: 6351: 6318: 6288: 6267: 6246: 6225: 6204: 4187: 4141: 2821: 2770: 2735: 2543: 2423: 2386: 2379: 2347: 2296: 2146: 2076: 1808: 1548:

In 1832, Calverley Park Crescent, designed by Burton, modelled partially on those at

1423: 1347: 1188: 1180: 1130:

Burton retired in 1869, and subsequently resided at his homes at Gloucester Gardens,

706: 645:, a contemporary of James Burton, commended James Burton's architectural excellence: 431: 383: 131: 3079:. All that remains of the Burton designed estate is the woodland part of the grounds 607:, London. From 1805, Decimus was raised in his father's mansion, Mabledon House, in 6564: 6538: 6421: 6194: 5087: 4953: 4761: 4316: 4076: 3947: 3937:"Haliburton [Haleburton; formerly Burton], James (1788–1862), Egyptologist" 3256: 3083: 2994: 2974: 2755: 2706: 2630: 2481: 2435: 2409: 2373: 2290: 2272: 2251: 2084: 1812: 1751: 1699: 1525: 1475: 1419: 1207: 1192: 1112: 1030: 799: 791: 779: 775: 749: 738: 675: 415: 407: 403: 387: 196: 178: 157: 114: 6433: 4773: 4328: 4088: 3959: 1933:

Parks, Our Shared Heritage: The Phoenix Park, Dublin & The Royal Parks, London

1396:, which had opened in April 1828, to fervent commendation. Guy Williams records, " 6366: 6261: 6240: 6219: 6198: 5899: 3185: 3154: 3066: 3012: 2875: 2784: 2644: 2416: 2323: 2278: 1994: 1920: 1815:, believes that Decimus was the designer of the Gatehouse and the Inn buildings. 1703: 1587: 1471: 1246: 1232: 1147: 1085: 889: 787: 616: 553: 542: 419: 391: 252: 184: 163: 1855:

to design a mansion at Coneyborough. Decimus had previously designed Bineham in

1402: 1009: 4765: 4080: 3979:

Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada

3951: 3541: 2614: 2532: 2485: 2459: 2313: 2258: 1940: 1642: 1549: 1504: 1365: 1104: 1047: 858: 840: 757: 714: 498: 451: 447: 427: 6425: 4320: 2610:

Headmaster's House, Harrow School, (1840, enlarged by Burton in 1845 and 1846)

1792:. Burton's Glasshouses at Kew constituted the UK's case for Kew to be made an 6591: 5423: 3410: 3055: 2957: 2604: 2593: 2579: 2550: 2465: 2399: 2033: 1936: 1860: 1755: 1711: 1650: 1612: 1542: 1483: 1454:

Croker suggested 30 names for the club's organizing Committee, including the

1369: 1237: 1211: 943: 911: 683: 659: 126: 3382:, extended 1855–56, remodelled 1908 – very little of Burton's work survives. 857:; and standard works on classical architecture, such as the five volumes of 6543: 3734: 3681: 3670: 3618: 3595: 3580: 3558: 3505: 3396: 3375: 3059: 2658: 2284: 1998: 1928: 1683:

enviously reproachful that Burton "had done much more that Pugin's father (

878: 866: 783: 734: 691: 561: 514: 490: 411: 223: 190: 1603:

Neoclassical Houses of Parliament and vituperation by Augustus W. N. Pugin

4102: 3738: 3677: 3531: 3038:

Calverley Estate (Calverley House is now a hotel), Tunbridge Wells (1828)

2942: 2928: 2913: 2895: 2556: 2489: 2484:, Regent's Park, (1823–1827). It was informed by the design of the Roman 2336: 2307: 2182: 2070: 2050: 1978: 1889: 1632: 1628: 1574: 1358: 1337: 1297: 1267: 1223: 994:, and it is the picturesque that is predominant in much of his later work 991: 974: 923: 884: 870: 756:, a close friend of the Prince Regent, Humphry Davy, and Nash, to design 710: 591:. He was the nephew of Constance Mary Fearon, who was the founder of the 463: 435: 6559: 1304:

competent authority who has been consulted on the subject is so decided

627:

Decimus first trained with his father and received drawing lessons from

560:. Decimus was descended from John Haliburton (1573–1627), from whom Sir 3794: 3632: 3517: 2909: 2835: 2799: 2720: 2571:), the Water Lily House (1852), The Museum, (1857, extended 1881), the 2517: 2449: 2439: 2403: 2300: 1735: 1723: 1492: 1393: 1346:

Marble Arch before its relocation at the entrance to the newly rebuilt

1199: 1131: 902: 695: 604: 475: 395: 247: 232: 208: 72: 767:

Decimus's design, when the villa had been completed, was described in

6566:

at entrance to the now demolished neoclassical Wick House, built for

3414: 3362: 3305: 3272: 3214: 2393: 2245: 1912: 1789: 1731: 1377: 1291:, the First Commissioner for Woods and Forests, to ban the project: " 1074: 1026: 947: 835: 795: 522: 518: 471: 423: 237: 202: 143: 6388:

Augustus Pugin Versus Decimus Burton: A Victorian Architectural Duel

422:, and the villas of the Inner Circle which include his own mansion, 6460: 2154: 1876: 831: 573: 546: 375:, whose clubhouse he designed and which the company of his father, 5710: 5253: 4754:

Cooke, Neil M. R. "Haliburton , James (1788–1862), Egyptologist".

2320:, No. 10, 12, and 14, all for his own townhouse and office (1827). 6136: 3459: 3442: 2978: 1856: 1496: 927: 669: 494: 51: 2097:

Furze Hill Villa, Brighton, (1833, for Sir Isaac Lyon Goldsmith)

377:

James Burton, the pre-eminent Georgian London property developer

6463:

Burton, Decimus, in Directory of British Architects 1834 – 1914

3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3685: 3614: 3576: 3562: 3509: 3075:, Tunbridge Wells, Kent (1830), demolished to make way for the 3008: 2961: 2597: 1793: 1553: 1522:

professional skill, and the beauty of his architectural designs

939: 935: 915: 907: 227: 6284:

Inventing Sam Slick: A Biography of Thomas Chandler Haliburton

5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 1611:. Decimus Burton and his pupils commended the purchase of the 1478:, and Robert Smirke the Younger: all of those invited, except 5319: 5317: 5315: 5302: 5300: 5216: 5214: 5212: 4888:"Fountain Design of Edgar Burton to commemorate James Burton" 4643: 4641: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 3379: 2521: 1119:

Vol. XX, and views of their interiors have been preserved in

931: 919: 6368:

Decimus Burton, Esquire: Architect and Gentleman (1800–1881)

6078: 6076: 5741:

Jones, R.P. (1905). "The Life and Works of Decimus Burton".

3776: 1750:

Decimus was primarily responsible for the 'Great Stove' at

1222:

and enter the forecourt of Buckingham Palace through Nash's

1069:; John Nash; Sir Humphry Davy; George Bellas Greenough; Sir 962:, which displayed 18 of the same in its British Galleries. 826:, to the design of which Burton made extensive contributions 682:, in 1817. His contemporaries at the Royal Academy included 5983: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5768: 5758: 5756: 5698: 5688: 5686: 5661: 5659: 4484:

Rural Urbanism: London Landscapes in the Early 19th Century

3666: 3651: 3527: 2150: 2091: 2080: 1057:

The Burtons' social circle included Princess Victoria; the

666:

a design for a bridge, which was commended by the academy.

608: 526: 363:

styles. He was a founding fellow and vice-president of the

6221:

A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600-1840

5312: 5297: 5209: 5197: 5129: 5127: 4987: 4985: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4638: 4619: 4355: 4353: 4340: 4338: 4140:. Vol. 1 Aba – Byz. Oxford University Press. p. 133. 622: 6509:. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 6088: 6073: 5497: 5495: 5493: 4948: 4946: 4944: 3868: 3866: 3864: 6119: 6117: 6115: 5974: 5753: 5683: 5656: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3054:

Bentham Hill House, Southborough, Kent (1830–3) a small

1581: 839:

interests: it contained the complete Proceedings of the

6519:

1066 online Hastings & St Leonards the online guide

6031: 5838: 5836: 5389: 5248: 5246: 5124: 5039: 4982: 4901: 4845: 4609: 4607: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4350: 4335: 4041: 3082:

East Cliffe House (additions), Ramsgate, Kent, for Sir

2445:

Lodge for the Prince of Wales's Gate, Hyde Park, (1846)

999:

In his later career, Decimus designed buildings in the

900:'s works, and several dictionaries. The absence of any 5816:"ARCHIVE OF LORD MONK BRETTON OF CONYBORO IN BARCOMBE" 5490: 5329: 5114: 5112: 4941: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 3861: 1830:; a founding Fellow, and later vice-president, of the 1054:

commended Burton's "extreme amiability of character".

969:, Burton was uniquely and significantly influenced by 6317:. Chichester: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. p. 106. 6112: 6100: 5993: 3809: 6653:

Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects

5833: 5644: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5581: 5579: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5341: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 4718: 4604: 2462:(subsequently called 'Nuffield Lodge') Regent's Park 2181:

In 1828 Burton's father, James, bought an estate in

986:

and Smirke. From Nash he had learned to combine the

598: 5722: 5632: 5353: 5109: 5086: 4952: 4513: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4025: 5964: 5962: 5808: 3946:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. 3935: 1677: 1252: 752:in Regent's Park, and Decimus was also invited by 6500:(revised ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 6348:The Phoenix Suburb: A South London Social History 5620: 5591: 5576: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5453: 5278: 5226: 5180: 5051: 5012: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4871:Basic biographical details of Henry Marley Burton 4797: 4795: 4780: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4200: 4012: 4010: 3041:Calverley Park Crescent, Tunbridge Wells (c.1833) 1964: 6589: 5892: 5144: 5142: 5029: 5027: 5002: 5000: 4835: 4833: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4679: 4677: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4446: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4247: 4245: 4232: 4230: 4217: 4215: 4022: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3885: 3883: 3881: 2263:Francis Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of Hertford 2015:(1836–1840: Conservatory demolished circa 1920)) 1981:. Any other sources are specified individually. 1802: 6663:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London 6014:"Architecture at ZSL London Zoo, Regent's Park" 5959: 5671: 5260: 4180:"Sample biographical essay for Burton, Decimus" 3895: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 1607:Burton created a design for a new neoclassical 1503:, are Greek: the barrel-vaulted ceiling Roman. 794:, the villas along the Inner Circle, including 6583:Joint Heritage Exhibition, Dublin-London, 2017 6192: 5716: 5608: 5531: 5507: 5478: 5401: 5365: 4970: 4924: 4792: 4689: 4434: 4095: 4007: 2474:, (for John Mabberley MP) (let in 1829 to the 2442:, (additions: portico, hall, staircase),(1843) 1409: 670:Tuition at Royal Academy Schools by John Soane 6478: 6043: 5564: 5519: 5441: 5377: 5139: 5024: 4997: 4830: 4807: 4706: 4674: 4653: 4463: 4422: 4401: 4389: 4377: 4365: 4242: 4227: 4212: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 3990: 3878: 2432:(restoration, with Sydney Smirke) (1841–1843) 2406:, (restoration, for 3rd Lord Holland), (1833) 1935:, demonstrating the historical links between 977:(2002) described his Neoclassical work thus: 6504: 6461:RIBA: British Architectural Library (2001). 6443:"The Contradictory Career of Decimus Burton" 6420:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 6259: 5869:"The Contradictory Career of Decimus Burton" 4760:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4741: 4504:Basic biographical details of Decimus Burton 4315:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4075:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3753: 2488:, but also by Grecian principles, and had a 2011:The Great Conservatory and the Home Farm at 1977:entry for "Burton, Decimus (1800–1881)", by 558:George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield 6350:(2nd ed.). Crystal Palace Foundation. 6151:"Dictionary of Irish Architects, 1720–1940" 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 3901: 3524:headquarters in Phoenix Park, Dublin (1840) 3044:Burrswood Hospital, Tunbridge Wells (1830s) 1260:equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington 1195:, national pride, and the nation's heroes. 6531:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 5162:"The Nelson Monument and Trafalgar Square" 4486:. Manchester University Press. p. 58. 4154: 2492:portico. Its dome was larger than that of 1853:John George Dodson, 1st Baron Monk Bretton 1754:for the 6th Duke of Devonshire, for which 1438:was founded in 1824 at the instigation of 1210:, and, later, the Prince of Wales's Gate, 50: 6542: 6495: 6364: 5987: 5895:"Park yourself in Dublin's finest garden" 5783: 5762: 5704: 5692: 5665: 5501: 5395: 5335: 5323: 5306: 5220: 5203: 5133: 5045: 4991: 4918: 4858: 4632: 4359: 4344: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4047: 3820: 1970: 1696:William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire 1507:contends design were informed by that of 1392:By the end of 1829, Burton had completed 1175:During the second half of the 1820s, the 1063:William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire 507:William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire 497:. He had close friendships with Princess 6385: 5968: 5842: 5677: 5650: 5638: 5626: 5614: 5602: 5585: 5570: 5558: 5546: 5525: 5513: 5484: 5472: 5447: 5407: 5383: 5371: 5291: 5237: 5191: 5154: 5148: 5118: 5074: 5033: 5018: 5006: 4976: 4935: 4839: 4824: 4801: 4786: 4712: 4700: 4683: 4668: 4647: 4598: 4475: 4469: 4457: 4440: 4428: 4416: 4395: 4383: 4371: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4251: 4236: 4221: 4206: 4116: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4035: 4016: 4001: 3889: 3770: 3676: 3458:Burton's King Edward VI Grammar School, 3011:(1840s; later extended – now a Grade II 1959:The Palm House and lake to Victoria Gate 1888:members. As a consequence, according to 1352: 1341: 1266:, the son of the then recently deceased 1020: 965:Although he was the leading exponent of 818: 748:In 1821, Nash invited Decimus to design 6417:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 6371:. Royal Tunbridge Wells Civic Society. 6345: 6238: 6224:(4th ed.). Yale University Press. 6181: 6094: 6082: 6037: 6011: 5886: 5854: 4864: 4757:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4312:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4072:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3943:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3707: 2559:. Layout of the gardens and paths, the 1975:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1595:, which he redesigned, for the Tory MP 1185:Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool 1170: 1103:Burton bought from the Crown a plot at 720: 623:Tuition by his father and George Maddox 466:. Burton designed the seaside towns of 6590: 6575:, recorded talk (30 minutes) from the 6527:"Obituary notices of fellows deceased" 6505:Pevsner, Nikolaus; Nairn, Ian (1965). 6469: 6447:Apollo: The International Art Magazine 6440: 6280: 6217: 5873:Apollo: The International Art Magazine 5866: 5728: 5418: 5416: 5166:Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal 4724: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4481: 4177: 3972: 3872: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3722:Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal 3536:George Brodrick, 5th Viscount Midleton 3475:(1836–38). Burton was commissioned by 1911:Burton's legacy on either side of the 1635:, a detestor of the style of Nash and 6577:Royal Institute of British Architects 6331: 6312: 6301: 6260:Curtis, Bill; Curtis, Elinor (1994). 6165:"Chapelized Gate Lodge, Phoenix Park" 6123: 6106: 5999: 5946: 5914: 5740: 5359: 5347: 5268:"Grand Staircase, The Athenaeum Club" 5096:Research records (formerly PastScape) 4747: 4613: 4257: 4053: 3966: 3720:The proceedings were reported in the 2306:Parliamentary Mews, Prince's Street, 2176: 1832:Royal Institute of British Architects 1818:In 1832 Decimus Burton was elected a 1807:From 1830 to 1834, Burton studied at 1716:John Hobart Caradoc, 2nd Baron Howden 1582:Constructions in the neo-gothic style 1399:expanses at the foot of Primrose Hill 1364:In 1847 the problem of accommodating 1152:Royal Institute of British Architects 430:); the enclosure of the forecourt of 365:Royal Institute of British Architects 6185:The Oriental Club and Hanover Square 4880: 4133: 3982:. Toronto: Williams Briggs. p. 3099:Holy Trinity Church, Tunbridge Wells 3033:Holy Trinity Church, Tunbridge Wells 2478:, who employed Burton to enlarge it. 2185:, on which he built the new town of 1927:, mounted an exhibition at Dublin's 1863:. Burton also taught the architects 1767:, originally named 'the Stove', and 1033:, which was built by the company of 6723:People from the City of Westminster 6688:Neoclassical architecture in London 6623:Alumni of the Royal Academy Schools 6618:People educated at Tonbridge School 6245:. London: Historical Publications. 6182:Baillie, Alexander Francis (1901). 5428:Legacies of British Slave-ownership 5413: 4490: 4068: 3826: 2524:building (1828) with a clock tower. 2057:St Mary's Church, Bradford Peverell 2001:border (1831) demolished circa 1928 1943:in London in July and August 2017. 1811:. The architectural historian, Sir 1536: 814: 13: 6718:English Landscape Garden designers 6413: 6406: 6390:. London: Cassell Publishers Ltd. 6305:Sir Christopher Wren and His Times 5254:"Athenaeum Club, London. Homepage" 4963:National Heritage List for England 4958:"Tomb of Decimus Burton (1389239)" 4308: 4069:Bowdler, Roger. "Burton , James". 3743:Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite! 3435: 3404: 2353:4 Carlton House Terrace, for Lord 2204:with Kenilworth Road in background 2157:, Burton's houses are on the left. 1984: 1586:Burton was commissioned to design 1177:Commissioners of Woods and Forests 641:, advisor to the Governors of the 71:North House, Southampton Terrace, 14: 6744: 6553: 6441:Murphy, Douglas (26 March 2018). 6414:Arnold, Dana. "Burton, Decimus". 5893:Fionnuala Fallon (1 April 2017). 5867:Murphy, Douglas (26 March 2018). 5795: 4875:Dictionary of Scottish Architects 4753: 4508:Dictionary of Scottish Architects 4309:Arnold, Dana. "Burton, Decimus". 4103:"History of Mabledon House, Kent" 2239: 1661:, who had been secretary to Lord 1627:However, the Prime Minister, Sir 1533:, a close friend of the Burtons. 1429: 1092:, until several weeks into 1835. 678:in 1816 and entered directly the 599:Education and architectural style 568:and of the British civil servant 501:(the future Queen Victoria); the 386:(including the gate or screen of 367:, and from 1840 architect to the 268:James Burton (property developer) 6733:Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery 6157: 6143: 6129: 6005: 5947:McKie, David (6 February 2006). 5940: 5860: 5789: 5734: 3843:The Burtons' St Leonards Society 3727: 3659: 3640: 3625: 3603: 3588: 3569: 3550: 3485: 3451: 3430:Grimston Park, Yorkshire 1839-40 3423: 3388: 3354: 3340: 3326: 3312: 3293: 3279: 3264: 3192: 3177: 3162: 3147: 3132: 3120: 3105: 3091: 3001: 2987: 2950: 2935: 2920: 2902: 2887: 2864: 2850: 2828: 2810: 2792: 2777: 2762: 2747: 2728: 2713: 2699: 2684: 2665: 2651: 2637: 2623: 2224: 2209: 2194: 2162: 2139: 2125: 2115:, Sussex, (additions, 1833, for 2021: 1948: 1839:and Forests, as vice-president. 1828:Society of Antiquaries of London 1489:Society of Antiquaries of London 1276:Dictionary of National Biography 1052:Proceedings of the Royal Society 807:dominant force in the design of 770:Proceedings of the Royal Society 6708:19th-century British architects 6633:19th-century English architects 6489:Hastings Museum and Art Gallery 6287:. University of Toronto Press. 5168:. 7 September 1840. p. 304 5080: 3922:Hastings Museum and Art Gallery 3714: 3493:St Mary's Church, Goring-by-Sea 3473:St Mary's Church, Goring-by-Sea 2738:and part of Kensington Gardens 2569:Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II 2303:based on a Greek temple design. 2170:St Augustine's Church, Flimwell 2133:Holy Trinity Church, Eastbourne 2107:St Augustine's Church, Flimwell 2101:Holy Trinity Church, Eastbourne 1678:Vituperation of Burton by Pugin 1593:St Mary's Church, Goring-by-Sea 1416:Parliamentary select committees 1310:Decimus Burton himself wrote, " 1253:Sculpture of the Triumphal Arch 1121:Hastings Museum and Art Gallery 554:Sir William Eliott, 2nd Baronet 537:Decimus was the tenth child of 6515:"Burtons' St Leonards History" 6315:The Victorian Churches of Kent 4137:The Dictionary of Architecture 3928: 3583:Jaunting car Postcard, c. 1905 3466: 2977:(originally Ashburton House), 2376:, Hyde Park, (redesign) (1830) 2275:, Regent's Park, London (1821) 2063: 1965:List of architectural projects 1745: 1: 6703:Architects from Dublin (city) 6308:. London: Chapman & Hall. 6188:. Longman, Green and Company. 5922:"Parks – Our Shared Heritage" 4186:. Routledge. pp. 66–67. 4184:Reading Architectural History 3320:Pharos Lighthouse (Fleetwood) 3207: 2607:for Rev. J. W. Colenso (1838) 2452:, (1864), (improvements, for 2005: 1859:for Dodson's brother-in-law, 1803:Further studies and elections 1387: 1198:The renovation of Hyde Park, 1136:1 Gloucester Road, Kensington 686:, with whom he would restore 585:the Egyptologist James Burton 578:Peerage of the United Kingdom 371:, and an early member of the 317:Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet 92:1 Gloucester Road, Kensington 16:British architect (1800–1881) 6658:Fellows of the Royal Society 6643:English landscape architects 6434:UK public library membership 6341:(Thesis). Oxford University. 6018:Zoological Society of London 4774:UK public library membership 4329:UK public library membership 4134:Curl, James Stevens (1999). 4089:UK public library membership 3960:UK public library membership 3334:St Peter's Church, Fleetwood 3287:Beach Lighthouse (Fleetwood) 3249:, Queen's Terrace, Fleetwood 3229:St Peter's Church, Fleetwood 2968: 2820:Lake, to the northwest, and 2500:Zoological Society of London 2363:, St. Martin's Place, (1830) 1894:Burtons' St Leonards Society 1822:. He became a Fellow of the 1513:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne 707:Theatre Royal, Covent Garden 583:Decimus's siblings included 438:moved; the clubhouse of the 7: 6332:Jones, Christopher (2017). 6281:Davies, Richard A. (2005). 5804:. The Bedford Park Society. 5802:Architecture and architects 3907:"The Diary of James Burton" 3695: 3255:The Customs House, now the 3051:(1830) altered in the 1880s 2506:Botanical Society of London 2361:Royal Society of Literature 1915:endures. In April 2017 the 1847:Burton trained his nephew, 1842: 1834:; and was architect to the 1820:Fellow of the Royal Society 1531:Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood 1422:, popularised his views on 1410:Architecture as environment 1296:". The Prime Minister, Sir 1179:and the King resolved that 1025:The Burton family mansion, 855:Bernard Germain de Lacépède 690:between 1841 and 1843, and 572:, who was the first native 287:James Burton (Egyptologist) 10: 6749: 6713:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 6560:Burton St Leonards Society 6537:(220–223): 220–223. 1883. 6365:Whitbourn, Philip (2003). 6200:London: The City of London 6174: 6167:. Dublin. 5 February 2010. 5717:Bradley & Pevsner 2002 3499: 3369: 3348:Queen's Terrace, Fleetwood 3112:Calverley House, c. 1860, 2448:The Ferns, Victoria Road, 2326:, Hyde Park Corner, (1827) 1879:, who was his last pupil. 1444:Secretary to the Admiralty 1335: 1156:Victoria and Albert Museum 1079:Thomas Chandler Haliburton 971:Ancient Roman architecture 967:Greek revival architecture 960:Victoria and Albert Museum 956:Thomas Chandler Haliburton 914:. His first tours were of 898:Giovanni Battista Piranesi 762:the physician Henry Burton 589:the physician Henry Burton 566:Thomas Chandler Haliburton 305:Thomas Chandler Haliburton 273:Elizabeth Westley (mother) 174:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 6346:Warwick, Alan R. (1982). 6203:. Yale University Press. 6055:London Borough of Croydon 5949:"Ghosts of St. Leonard's" 3015:and converted into flats) 2267:Architectural Association 2040: 1882: 1599:, between 1836 and 1838. 1165: 1125:Tunbridge Wells Town Hall 922:, in 1826. He toured the 532: 434:from which he had Nash's 280: 260: 149: 139: 120: 110: 99: 80: 64: 49: 23: 6678:Greek Revival architects 6648:Decimus Burton buildings 6496:Summerson, John (1962). 6479:National Archives, Kew. 5092:"Marble Arch (1492760)" 4742:Curtis & Curtis 1994 3522:Royal Irish Constabulary 3361:Queen's Terrace (1844), 3139:Calverley Park Crescent 3077:Kent and Sussex Hospital 2995:Bay House, main entrance 2231:Warrior Square Station, 2103:(1837-9, later extended) 1919:, in collaboration with 1659:William Richard Hamilton 1226:. The screen became the 1142:, alongside his brother 896:, and a complete set of 698:, for whom his brother, 293:Henry Burton (physician) 6470:Miller, Philip (1981). 6218:Colvin, Howard (2008). 3839:"Who were the Burtons?" 3479:to redesign the church. 3019: 2389:, (alterations), (1830) 2094:(1840; demolished 1936) 1873:Arthur William Hakewill 1740:Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood 1690:In 1845, Pugin, in his 1655:Balliol College, Oxford 1071:Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood 1050:and his disciples. The 1016: 754:George Bellas Greenough 485:Burton was a member of 6728:People from Kensington 6638:British urban planners 6628:Architects from London 6608:People from Bloomsbury 6544:10.1098/rspl.1882.0002 6386:Williams, Guy (1990). 6239:Coulter, John (1996). 5437:– via ucl.ac.uk. 4877:Biographical Database. 4766:10.1093/ref:odnb/11926 4510:Biographical Database. 4081:10.1093/ref:odnb/50182 3952:10.1093/ref:odnb/11926 3692: 3271:Former Customs House, 3247:Queens Terrace Gardens 3127:Calverley Park gardens 2872:Charing Cross Hospital 2858:Athenaeum Club, London 2675:, Regent's Park, 1833 2367:Charing Cross Hospital 2335:Royal Naval Club, 160 2330:Athenaeum Club, London 2254:, Regent's Park (1823) 2047:Lower Pleasure Gardens 1925:Office of Public Works 1685:Augustus Charles Pugin 1647:James Gillespie-Graham 1361: 1350: 1039: 894:Jean-Baptiste Rondelet 827: 743:Augustus Charles Pugin 652: 639:Samuel Pepys Cockerell 440:Athenaeum Club, London 373:Athenaeum Club, London 214:Charing Cross Hospital 6673:Georgian architecture 6426:10.1093/ref:odnb/4125 6313:Homan, Roger (1984). 6302:Elmes, James (1852). 5820:The National Archives 4482:Arnold, Dana (2005). 4321:10.1093/ref:odnb/4125 4178:Arnold, Dana (2003). 3911:The National Archives 3680: 3635:entrance lodge (1833) 3598:- Wellington Monument 3243:, Fleetwood (1841–42) 3225:, Fleetwood (1839–40) 3141:Royal Tunbridge Wells 3114:Royal Tunbridge Wells 3027:Royal Tunbridge Wells 2927:The Temperate House, 2512:Parliamentary Stables 2430:Temple Church, London 2419:(improvements) (1839) 2344:Carlton House Terrace 2332:Clubhouse (1827–1830) 1902:horticultural designs 1836:Royal Botanic Society 1824:Royal Society of Arts 1761:Royal Botanic Society 1710:; the enlargement of 1617:Burning of Parliament 1356: 1345: 1315:Lords of the Treasury 1140:Kensal Green Cemetery 1111:, at the east end of 1024: 863:Vitruvius Britannicus 822: 809:Carlton House Terrace 688:Temple Church, London 680:Royal Academy Schools 664:Royal Academy of Arts 647: 593:Francis Bacon Society 480:Royal Tunbridge Wells 444:Carlton House Terrace 369:Royal Botanic Society 357:Georgian neoclassical 219:Carlton House Terrace 104:Kensal Green Cemetery 6693:Regency architecture 6668:English bibliophiles 6573:Decimus Burton video 5743:Architectural Review 3708:References and notes 3441:The Grammar School, 3252:Fleetwood, Town Hall 3200:Great Culverden Park 3047:St. Peter's Church, 2567:in 2012 to mark the 2494:St. Paul's Cathedral 2454:Edward William Cooke 2028:Great Conservatory, 1609:Houses of Parliament 1480:Richard Payne Knight 1171:Central London Parks 1138:, and was buried in 1001:Gothic revival style 952:Halifax, Nova Scotia 875:Book of Architecture 721:Tuition by John Nash 702:, had also worked. 576:to be raised to the 6568:Isaac Lyon Goldsmid 6481:"Burton Collection" 5719:, pp. 293–294. 5424:"David Lyon junior" 3974:Morgan, Henry James 3849:on 8 September 2019 3724:, 7 September 1840 3690:Republic of Ireland 3540:Martinstown House, 3516:Lay-out and gates, 3184:Church of St Mary, 3169:St Peter's Church, 3065:St. Mary's Church, 3007:Haydon Hill House, 2540:United Service Club 2233:St Leonard's-on-Sea 2187:St Leonard's-on-Sea 1849:Henry Marley Burton 1797:World Heritage Site 1620:groinings [ 1588:Holy Trinity Church 1264:Matthew Cotes Wyatt 1243:Arch of Constantine 930:in 1850. He toured 865:by John Woolfe and 613:Joseph T. Parkinson 529:mansion, Mabledon. 487:London high society 426:, and the original 382:Burton's works are 299:Henry Marley Burton 58:Sir Thomas Lawrence 5926:The Mall Galleries 5845:, pp. 132–134 5653:, pp. 103–104 5641:, pp. 100–102 5121:, pp. 131–133 4601:, pp. 135–157 3693: 3557:Phoenix Monument, 3302:North Euston Hotel 3241:North Euston Hotel 3237:, Fleetwood (1840) 3171:Southborough, Kent 3049:Southborough, Kent 3029:, (commenced 1828) 3025:Calverley Estate, 2787:, Hyde Park Corner 2613:Lodges, Gates, at 2565:The Elizabeth Gate 2529:Geological Society 2508:Gardens (1840–59). 2476:Marquess Wellesley 2355:Stuart de Rothesay 2177:St Leonards-on-Sea 2073:Sedlescombe (1830) 1917:Hearsum Collection 1826:; a Fellow of the 1730:; and a new town, 1720:Princess Bagration 1708:Earl of Burlington 1704:10 Belgrave Square 1561:Christopher Hussey 1509:Baldassare Peruzzi 1501:Tower of the Winds 1460:Earl of Ashburnham 1440:John Wilson Croker 1362: 1351: 1100:by John Raffield. 1090:St Leonards-on-Sea 1067:John Wilson Croker 1040: 954:, with his cousin 946:, after departing 846:Histoire Naturelle 828: 733:Subsequent to the 656:St Leonards-on-Sea 643:Foundling Hospital 511:John Wilson Croker 468:St Leonards-on-Sea 394:, and the Gates); 243:St Leonards-on-Sea 6683:Hyde Park, London 6432:(Subscription or 6378:978-0-9545343-0-1 6294:978-0-8020-5001-4 6273:978-1-68874-371-7 6231:978-0-300-12508-5 6210:978-0-300-09624-8 6195:Pevsner, Nikolaus 6085:, pp. 80–84. 5786:, pp. 57–58. 5707:, pp. 56–57. 5326:, pp. 34–35. 5309:, pp. 24–25. 5272:The Victorian Web 5223:, pp. 21–22. 5206:, pp. 15–16. 4772:(Subscription or 4635:, pp. 12–13. 4327:(Subscription or 4193:978-1-134-53231-5 4087:(Subscription or 3958:(Subscription or 3875:, pp. 71–73. 3611:Garda (Police) HQ 3395:Gate and lodges, 3235:Pharos Lighthouse 2822:Buckingham Palace 2804:Constitution Hill 2544:Pall Mall, London 2531:'s apartments at 2502:Gardens (1826–41) 2424:Hyde Park Gardens 2412:(not built, 1833) 2348:Baron de Clifford 2297:Hyde Park, London 2147:Adelaide Crescent 2117:Joseph Montefiore 2077:Adelaide Crescent 1714:, Yorkshire, for 1424:urban development 1348:Buckingham Palace 1220:Constitution Hill 1189:Charles Arbuthnot 1187:, and advised by 1007:style and in the 432:Buckingham Palace 384:Hyde Park, London 325: 324: 94:, London, England 75:, London, England 68:30 September 1800 6740: 6613:People from Kent 6548: 6546: 6522: 6510: 6501: 6492: 6475: 6466: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6437: 6429: 6401: 6382: 6361: 6342: 6340: 6328: 6309: 6298: 6277: 6256: 6235: 6214: 6193:Bradley, Simon; 6189: 6169: 6168: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6133: 6127: 6121: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6061:on 14 March 2012 6057:. 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Archived from 3787: 3774: 3768: 3746: 3731: 3725: 3718: 3663: 3644: 3629: 3607: 3592: 3573: 3554: 3489: 3455: 3427: 3392: 3358: 3344: 3330: 3316: 3297: 3283: 3268: 3257:Fleetwood Museum 3223:Beach Lighthouse 3196: 3181: 3166: 3157:, Victoria Lodge 3151: 3136: 3124: 3109: 3095: 3084:Moses Montefiore 2991: 2954: 2945:Water Lily House 2939: 2924: 2906: 2894:Elizabeth Gate, 2891: 2868: 2854: 2840:St. James's Park 2832: 2814: 2796: 2781: 2766: 2756:Hyde Park Corner 2751: 2732: 2717: 2707:London Colosseum 2703: 2692:St. John's Lodge 2688: 2669: 2655: 2641: 2631:Cornwall Terrace 2627: 2482:London Colosseum 2472:St. John's Lodge 2436:Devonshire House 2410:House of Commons 2374:Grenadier Guards 2372:Magazine of the 2318:St. James's Park 2291:Hyde Park Screen 2273:Cornwall Terrace 2252:Clarence Terrace 2228: 2213: 2198: 2166: 2143: 2129: 2085:Osbert Lancaster 2030:Chatsworth House 2025: 1991:Stockgrove House 1952: 1813:Nikolaus Pevsner 1752:Chatsworth House 1718:and the Russian 1700:Devonshire House 1537:Calverley Estate 1526:Apollo Belvedere 1511:'s 17th century 1476:Francis Chantrey 1456:Earl of Aberdeen 1420:Trafalgar Square 1272:Frederick Trench 1208:Hyde Park Corner 1193:House of Hanover 1117:Survey of London 1109:St. James's Park 815:Other influences 800:London Colosseum 792:Clarence Terrace 780:Cornwall Terrace 776:Clarence Terrace 750:Cornwall Terrace 676:Tonbridge School 634: 416:Clarence Terrace 408:Cornwall Terrace 388:Hyde Park Corner 346: 197:Clarence Terrace 179:Cornwall Terrace 158:Hyde Park Corner 152: 115:Tonbridge School 87: 84:14 December 1881 54: 44: 21: 20: 6748: 6747: 6743: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6588: 6587: 6556: 6551: 6525: 6513: 6498:Georgian London 6465:. RIBA, London. 6451: 6449: 6431: 6409: 6407:Further reading 6404: 6398: 6379: 6358: 6338: 6325: 6295: 6274: 6253: 6232: 6211: 6177: 6172: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6149: 6148: 6144: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6122: 6113: 6105: 6101: 6093: 6089: 6081: 6074: 6064: 6062: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6036: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6010: 6006: 5998: 5994: 5986: 5975: 5967: 5960: 5945: 5941: 5931: 5929: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5905: 5903: 5900:The Irish Times 5891: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5865: 5861: 5853: 5849: 5841: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5796:Grant, Sandra. 5794: 5790: 5782: 5769: 5761: 5754: 5739: 5735: 5727: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5703: 5699: 5691: 5684: 5676: 5672: 5664: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5637: 5633: 5625: 5621: 5613: 5609: 5601: 5592: 5584: 5577: 5569: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5545: 5532: 5524: 5520: 5512: 5508: 5500: 5491: 5483: 5479: 5471: 5454: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5422: 5421: 5414: 5406: 5402: 5394: 5390: 5382: 5378: 5370: 5366: 5358: 5354: 5346: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5322: 5313: 5305: 5298: 5290: 5279: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5252: 5251: 5244: 5236: 5227: 5219: 5210: 5202: 5198: 5190: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5147: 5140: 5132: 5125: 5117: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5085: 5081: 5073: 5052: 5044: 5040: 5032: 5025: 5017: 5013: 5005: 4998: 4990: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4951: 4942: 4934: 4925: 4917: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4869: 4865: 4857: 4846: 4838: 4831: 4823: 4808: 4800: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4752: 4748: 4740: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4699: 4690: 4682: 4675: 4667: 4654: 4646: 4639: 4631: 4620: 4612: 4605: 4597: 4514: 4502: 4491: 4480: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4456: 4447: 4439: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4402: 4394: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4358: 4351: 4343: 4336: 4326: 4307: 4258: 4250: 4243: 4235: 4228: 4220: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4194: 4176: 4155: 4148: 4132: 4117: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4086: 4067: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4034: 4023: 4015: 4008: 4000: 3991: 3971: 3967: 3957: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3915: 3913: 3900: 3896: 3888: 3879: 3871: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3837: 3836: 3827: 3819: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3789: 3788: 3777: 3769: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3732: 3728: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3698: 3673: 3664: 3655: 3645: 3636: 3630: 3621: 3608: 3599: 3593: 3584: 3574: 3565: 3555: 3502: 3495: 3490: 3469: 3462: 3456: 3438: 3436:Nottinghamshire 3431: 3428: 3407: 3405:North Yorkshire 3400: 3393: 3372: 3365: 3359: 3350: 3345: 3336: 3331: 3322: 3317: 3308: 3298: 3289: 3284: 3275: 3269: 3210: 3203: 3197: 3188: 3186:Riverhead, Kent 3182: 3173: 3167: 3158: 3155:Tunbridge Wells 3152: 3143: 3137: 3128: 3125: 3116: 3110: 3101: 3096: 3073:Culverden House 3067:Riverhead, Kent 3022: 3013:listed building 3004: 2997: 2992: 2971: 2964: 2955: 2946: 2940: 2931: 2925: 2916: 2907: 2898: 2892: 2883: 2876:Villiers Street 2869: 2860: 2855: 2846: 2833: 2824: 2818:St James's Park 2815: 2806: 2797: 2788: 2785:Wellington Arch 2782: 2773: 2769:Aerial view of 2767: 2758: 2752: 2743: 2733: 2724: 2718: 2709: 2704: 2695: 2694:, Regent's Park 2689: 2680: 2670: 2661: 2656: 2647: 2645:Chester Terrace 2642: 2633: 2628: 2573:Temperate House 2417:Belgrave Square 2324:Wellington Arch 2287:, Regent's Park 2281:, Regent's Park 2279:Chester Terrace 2242: 2235: 2229: 2220: 2214: 2205: 2199: 2179: 2172: 2167: 2158: 2144: 2135: 2130: 2069:Oaklands Park, 2066: 2043: 2036: 2026: 2008: 1995:Buckinghamshire 1987: 1985:Buckinghamshire 1967: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1953: 1921:The Royal Parks 1885: 1867:, George Mair, 1845: 1805: 1769:Temperate House 1748: 1722:; additions to 1706:for the second 1702:; additions to 1680: 1637:William Wilkins 1605: 1584: 1539: 1472:Thomas Lawrence 1468:Lord Palmerston 1432: 1412: 1390: 1357:Aerial view of 1340: 1289:Charles Canning 1255: 1247:Wellington Arch 1233:Wellington Arch 1204:St James's Park 1173: 1168: 1148:Cornish granite 1098:St John's Lodge 1086:Tunbridge Wells 1059:Duchess of Kent 1019: 890:Charles Percier 883:The Designs of 851:G. L. L. Buffon 824:Carlton Gardens 817: 804:Thomas Hornor's 788:Chester Terrace 723: 672: 632: 625: 617:Penshurst Place 601: 570:Lord Haliburton 543:Loughton, Essex 535: 503:Duchess of Kent 493:and during the 460:Temperate House 420:Chester Terrace 400:St James's Park 392:Wellington Arch 330: 311:Lord Haliburton 276: 253:Tunbridge Wells 205:, Regent's Park 199:, Regent's Park 193:, Regent's Park 187:, Regent's Park 185:Chester Terrace 181:, Regent's Park 164:Wellington Arch 150: 121:Alma mater 95: 89: 85: 76: 69: 60: 45: 28: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6746: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6570: 6562: 6555: 6554:External links 6552: 6550: 6549: 6523: 6511: 6502: 6493: 6476: 6472:Decimus Burton 6467: 6458: 6438: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6396: 6383: 6377: 6362: 6356: 6343: 6329: 6323: 6310: 6299: 6293: 6278: 6272: 6257: 6251: 6236: 6230: 6215: 6209: 6190: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6156: 6142: 6128: 6126:, p. 106. 6111: 6109:, p. 236. 6099: 6087: 6072: 6042: 6040:, p. 167. 6030: 6004: 6002:, p. 144. 5992: 5988:Whitbourn 2003 5973: 5958: 5939: 5913: 5885: 5859: 5847: 5832: 5807: 5788: 5784:Whitbourn 2003 5767: 5763:Whitbourn 2003 5752: 5733: 5721: 5709: 5705:Whitbourn 2003 5697: 5693:Whitbourn 2003 5682: 5670: 5666:Whitbourn 2003 5655: 5643: 5631: 5619: 5607: 5590: 5575: 5563: 5551: 5530: 5518: 5506: 5502:Whitbourn 2003 5489: 5477: 5452: 5440: 5412: 5400: 5396:Whitbourn 2003 5388: 5376: 5364: 5352: 5350:, p. 287. 5340: 5336:Whitbourn 2003 5328: 5324:Whitbourn 2003 5311: 5307:Whitbourn 2003 5296: 5277: 5259: 5242: 5225: 5221:Whitbourn 2003 5208: 5204:Whitbourn 2003 5196: 5179: 5153: 5138: 5134:Whitbourn 2003 5123: 5108: 5079: 5050: 5046:Whitbourn 2003 5038: 5023: 5011: 4996: 4992:Whitbourn 2003 4981: 4969: 4940: 4923: 4919:Whitbourn 2003 4900: 4879: 4863: 4859:Whitbourn 2003 4844: 4829: 4806: 4791: 4779: 4746: 4729: 4717: 4705: 4688: 4673: 4652: 4650:, Inside Cover 4637: 4633:Whitbourn 2003 4618: 4616:, p. 209. 4603: 4512: 4489: 4474: 4462: 4445: 4433: 4421: 4400: 4388: 4376: 4364: 4360:Whitbourn 2003 4349: 4345:Whitbourn 2003 4334: 4256: 4241: 4226: 4211: 4199: 4192: 4153: 4146: 4115: 4094: 4052: 4048:Whitbourn 2003 4040: 4021: 4006: 3989: 3976:, ed. (1903). 3965: 3927: 3894: 3877: 3860: 3825: 3821:Whitbourn 2003 3808: 3797:on 15 May 2018 3775: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3726: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3702:Richard Turner 3697: 3694: 3675: 3674: 3665: 3658: 3656: 3646: 3639: 3637: 3631: 3624: 3622: 3609: 3602: 3600: 3594: 3587: 3585: 3575: 3568: 3566: 3556: 3549: 3546: 3545: 3542:County Kildare 3538: 3525: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3457: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3401: 3394: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3366: 3360: 3353: 3351: 3346: 3339: 3337: 3332: 3325: 3323: 3318: 3311: 3309: 3299: 3292: 3290: 3285: 3278: 3276: 3270: 3263: 3260: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3204: 3198: 3191: 3189: 3183: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3161: 3159: 3153: 3146: 3144: 3138: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3119: 3117: 3111: 3104: 3102: 3097: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3080: 3070: 3063: 3052: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3030: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3016: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2993: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2965: 2956: 2949: 2947: 2941: 2934: 2932: 2926: 2919: 2917: 2908: 2901: 2899: 2893: 2886: 2884: 2870: 2863: 2861: 2856: 2849: 2847: 2834: 2827: 2825: 2816: 2809: 2807: 2802:, London, and 2798: 2791: 2789: 2783: 2776: 2774: 2768: 2761: 2759: 2753: 2746: 2744: 2734: 2727: 2725: 2719: 2712: 2710: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2690: 2683: 2681: 2671: 2664: 2662: 2657: 2650: 2648: 2643: 2636: 2634: 2629: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2615:Chiswick House 2611: 2608: 2601: 2591: 2588:Crystal Palace 2576: 2554: 2547: 2536: 2533:Somerset House 2525: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2479: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2446: 2443: 2433: 2427: 2420: 2413: 2407: 2397: 2390: 2383: 2380:Clifford's Inn 2377: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2351: 2340: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2314:Spring Gardens 2311: 2304: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2270: 2259:Winfield House 2255: 2249: 2241: 2240:Central London 2238: 2237: 2236: 2230: 2223: 2221: 2216:Steps down to 2215: 2208: 2206: 2200: 2193: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2168: 2161: 2159: 2145: 2138: 2136: 2131: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2088: 2074: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2054: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2027: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2007: 2004: 2003: 2002: 1986: 1983: 1971:Whitbourn 2003 1966: 1963: 1955: 1954: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1941:Mall Galleries 1923:and Ireland's 1884: 1881: 1844: 1841: 1809:Clifford's Inn 1804: 1801: 1782:Richard Turner 1774:Crystal Palace 1747: 1744: 1679: 1676: 1643:Augustus Pugin 1604: 1601: 1583: 1580: 1538: 1535: 1505:John Summerson 1431: 1430:Athenaeum Club 1428: 1411: 1408: 1389: 1386: 1366:Queen Victoria 1336:Main article: 1323:'ridiculous'. 1254: 1251: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1105:Spring Gardens 1048:Augustus Pugin 1018: 1015: 859:Colen Campbell 849:(70 vols.) of 841:Camden Society 830:Decimus was a 816: 813: 722: 719: 715:Kedleston Hall 671: 668: 624: 621: 600: 597: 556:, and aunt of 534: 531: 448:Spring Gardens 428:Winfield House 328:Decimus Burton 323: 322: 321: 320: 314: 308: 302: 296: 290: 282: 278: 277: 275: 274: 271: 264: 262: 258: 257: 256: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 221: 216: 211: 206: 200: 194: 188: 182: 176: 171: 169:Athenaeum Club 166: 161: 153: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 135: 134: 132:Clifford's Inn 129: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 101: 97: 96: 90: 88:(aged 81) 82: 78: 77: 70: 66: 62: 61: 55: 47: 46: 27: 25:Decimus Burton 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6745: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6545: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6503: 6499: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6477: 6473: 6468: 6464: 6459: 6448: 6444: 6439: 6435: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6399: 6397:0-304-31561-3 6393: 6389: 6384: 6380: 6374: 6370: 6369: 6363: 6359: 6357:0-904034-01-1 6353: 6349: 6344: 6337: 6336: 6330: 6326: 6324:0-85033-466-7 6320: 6316: 6311: 6307: 6306: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6286: 6285: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6266:. B. Curtis. 6265: 6264: 6258: 6254: 6252:9780948667374 6248: 6244: 6243: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6223: 6222: 6216: 6212: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6187: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6166: 6160: 6152: 6146: 6138: 6132: 6125: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6108: 6103: 6096: 6091: 6084: 6079: 6077: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6039: 6034: 6019: 6015: 6012:Paul Wilson. 6008: 6001: 5996: 5990:, p. 19. 5989: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5971:, p. 137 5970: 5969:Williams 1990 5965: 5963: 5954: 5950: 5943: 5927: 5923: 5917: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5889: 5874: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5851: 5844: 5843:Williams 1990 5839: 5837: 5821: 5817: 5811: 5803: 5799: 5792: 5785: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5765:, p. 49. 5764: 5759: 5757: 5748: 5744: 5737: 5730: 5725: 5718: 5713: 5706: 5701: 5695:, p. 52. 5694: 5689: 5687: 5680:, p. 114 5679: 5678:Williams 1990 5674: 5668:, p. 51. 5667: 5662: 5660: 5652: 5651:Williams 1990 5647: 5640: 5639:Williams 1990 5635: 5628: 5627:Williams 1990 5623: 5617:, p. 146 5616: 5615:Williams 1990 5611: 5604: 5603:Williams 1990 5599: 5597: 5595: 5587: 5586:Williams 1990 5582: 5580: 5572: 5571:Williams 1990 5567: 5560: 5559:Williams 1990 5555: 5549:, p. 129 5548: 5547:Williams 1990 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5527: 5526:Williams 1990 5522: 5516:, p. 147 5515: 5514:Williams 1990 5510: 5503: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5487:, p. 150 5486: 5485:Williams 1990 5481: 5474: 5473:Williams 1990 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5449: 5448:Williams 1990 5444: 5429: 5425: 5419: 5417: 5410:, p. 143 5409: 5408:Williams 1990 5404: 5398:, p. 42. 5397: 5392: 5385: 5384:Williams 1990 5380: 5374:, p. 134 5373: 5372:Williams 1990 5368: 5362:, p. 35. 5361: 5356: 5349: 5344: 5337: 5332: 5325: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5308: 5303: 5301: 5293: 5292:Williams 1990 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5255: 5249: 5247: 5239: 5238:Williams 1990 5234: 5232: 5230: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5205: 5200: 5193: 5192:Williams 1990 5188: 5186: 5184: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5150: 5149:Williams 1990 5145: 5143: 5136:, p. 34. 5135: 5130: 5128: 5120: 5119:Williams 1990 5115: 5113: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5083: 5076: 5075:Williams 1990 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5048:, p. 18. 5047: 5042: 5035: 5034:Williams 1990 5030: 5028: 5020: 5019:Williams 1990 5015: 5008: 5007:Williams 1990 5003: 5001: 4994:, p. 58. 4993: 4988: 4986: 4979:, p. 157 4978: 4977:Williams 1990 4973: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4938:, p. 130 4937: 4936:Williams 1990 4932: 4930: 4928: 4921:, p. 56. 4920: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4889: 4883: 4876: 4872: 4867: 4861:, p. 53. 4860: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4841: 4840:Williams 1990 4836: 4834: 4826: 4825:Williams 1990 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4804:, p. 133 4803: 4802:Williams 1990 4798: 4796: 4788: 4787:Williams 1990 4783: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4750: 4743: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4727:, p. 72. 4726: 4721: 4714: 4713:Williams 1990 4709: 4703:, p. 108 4702: 4701:Williams 1990 4697: 4695: 4693: 4685: 4684:Williams 1990 4680: 4678: 4670: 4669:Williams 1990 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4649: 4648:Williams 1990 4644: 4642: 4634: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4600: 4599:Williams 1990 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4485: 4478: 4471: 4470:Williams 1990 4466: 4459: 4458:Williams 1990 4454: 4452: 4450: 4443:, p. 136 4442: 4441:Williams 1990 4437: 4430: 4429:Williams 1990 4425: 4418: 4417:Williams 1990 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4397: 4396:Williams 1990 4392: 4385: 4384:Williams 1990 4380: 4373: 4372:Williams 1990 4368: 4362:, p. 45. 4361: 4356: 4354: 4347:, p. 11. 4346: 4341: 4339: 4330: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4313: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4253: 4252:Williams 1990 4248: 4246: 4238: 4237:Williams 1990 4233: 4231: 4223: 4222:Williams 1990 4218: 4216: 4208: 4207:Williams 1990 4203: 4195: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4149: 4147:0-19-860678-8 4143: 4139: 4138: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4104: 4098: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4050:, p. 10. 4049: 4044: 4037: 4036:Williams 1990 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4019:, p. 135 4018: 4017:Williams 1990 4013: 4011: 4003: 4002:Williams 1990 3998: 3996: 3994: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3969: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3938: 3931: 3923: 3912: 3908: 3905:(1783–1811). 3904: 3903:Burton, James 3898: 3892:, p. 127 3891: 3890:Williams 1990 3886: 3884: 3882: 3874: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3822: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3772: 3771:Williams 1990 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3723: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3700: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3649: 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2985: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2963: 2959: 2958:Holwood House 2953: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2933: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2915: 2911: 2905: 2900: 2897: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2862: 2859: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2831: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2808: 2805: 2801: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2780: 2775: 2772: 2765: 2760: 2757: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2731: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2711: 2708: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2668: 2663: 2660: 2654: 2649: 2646: 2640: 2635: 2632: 2626: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2605:Harrow School 2602: 2599: 2595: 2594:Holwood House 2592: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2580:Upper Norwood 2577: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2551:Oriental Club 2548: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2514:, Westminster 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2466:Holford House 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2401: 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Retrieved 6446: 6415: 6387: 6367: 6347: 6334: 6314: 6304: 6283: 6262: 6242:Norwood Past 6241: 6220: 6199: 6184: 6159: 6145: 6131: 6102: 6095:Warwick 1982 6090: 6083:Coulter 1996 6063:. Retrieved 6059:the original 6054: 6045: 6038:Baillie 1901 6033: 6021:. Retrieved 6007: 5995: 5953:The Guardian 5952: 5942: 5932:22 September 5930:. Retrieved 5916: 5904:. Retrieved 5898: 5888: 5876:. Retrieved 5872: 5862: 5855:Coulter 1996 5850: 5823:. Retrieved 5819: 5810: 5801: 5791: 5746: 5742: 5736: 5724: 5712: 5700: 5673: 5646: 5634: 5622: 5610: 5573:, p. 75 5566: 5554: 5528:, p. 83 5521: 5509: 5504:, p. 7. 5480: 5450:, p. 62 5443: 5431:. Retrieved 5427: 5403: 5391: 5386:, p. 56 5379: 5367: 5355: 5343: 5338:, p. 8. 5331: 5271: 5262: 5199: 5170:. Retrieved 5165: 5156: 5151:, p. 54 5099:. Retrieved 5095: 5082: 5041: 5036:, p. 50 5014: 5009:, p. 49 4972: 4961: 4891:. 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