644:
independence from their French owners. L'Ouverture joined the rebellion as a top military official to abolish slavery without complete independence. However, through a series of letters written by
Toussaint, it became clear that he grew open to equal human rights for all that live in Haiti. Similar to how the United States Constitution was ratified, the enlightenment ideas of equality and representation of the people created an impact of change against the status quo that sparked the revolution. The letter details the great concerns he felt due to a conservative shift in France's legislature after the revolution in 1797. The greatest fear was that these conservative values could give ideas to the French Government to bring back slavery. The enlightenment has proven to forever change the way a captive society thinks after L'Ouverture refuses to let the French send him and his people back into slavery. "hen finally the rule of law took the place of anarchy under which the unfortunate colony had too long suffered, what fatality can have led the greatest enemy of its prosperity and our happiness still to dare to threaten us with the return of slavery?" Ultimately, slavery was abolished from French colonies in 1794 and Haiti declared Independence from France in 1804.
1483:
reinforcements and supplies, and was essentially conducting mopping-up operations throughout the country. At that point, he convinced Simon Bolívar to join the struggle and put him in charge of the fort at Puerto
Cabello. This was all at once a supply and arms depot, a strategic port, and the central holding facility for Spanish prisoners. Through what amounts to a gross dereliction of duty, Simon Bolívar neglected to enforce the customary security dispositions before departing to a social event. During the night there was an uprising of the Spanish prisoners and they managed to subdue the Independentist garrison and gain control of the supplies, arms and ammunition, and the port. The Loyalist forces progressively regained control of the country and eventually, Monteverde's successes forced the newly formed congress of the republic to ask Miranda that he sign a capitulation at La Victoria in Aragua, on July 12, 1812, thus ending the first phase of the revolutionary war.
4582:
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8998:
10572:
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1090:
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1628:. In 1815, after Lisbon was reclaimed from the French by the Portuguese, King Dom João VI declared that Rio and Lisbon would become equal centers of the empire. King João VI was forced back to Lisbon in 1821 by the Portuguese Cortes but left his son Dom Pedro behind to run Rio. A year later, Dom Pedro declared independence for Brazil and officially became emperor Pedro I. Although Brazil's independence was met with little resistance from Portugal, several small-scale battles were fought against Portuguese loyalist forces until 1824 to bring the rest of the Brazilian territories under the control of the new Brazilian government, and they were officially recognized by their former colonial overlords in 1825.
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10717:. This measure ostensibly was taken to safeguard the newfound liberties of these new countries, but it was also taken as a precautionary measure against the intrusion of European states. Since the United States was a newly founded nation, it could not prevent other European powers from interfering, for that the United States looked for Britain's help and support to execute the Monroe Doctrine into action.
254:
10951:. Any discrepancies between dates listed here and public holidays celebrating the country's independence (and whether the date listed is celebrated as a holiday at all) are noted, as well as the national day if the country does not have an independence day. Date when a commonwealth realm abolished its monarchy is noted. Note that a large number of states (i.e. those formed in the aftermath of the
1661:, would join later (the last only in 1949). Additionally, Britain's and Norway's claims to Arctic lands were ceded to Canada in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. By 1931, the United Kingdom had relinquished its control over Canada's foreign policy. What few political links that remained between Canada and the UK were formally severed in 1982 with the
1452:, fought back against Brazil in a war that lasted over 2 years, eventually turning into a stalemate. The Brazilian forces withdrew with the United Provinces keeping them at bay but failing to win any decisive victory. With neither side gaining the upper hand and the economic burden of the war crippling the United Provinces economy, the
1287:(pejorative for peninsular-born Spaniards), and declared independence. The unorganized hordes following Hidalgo wrought destruction on the property and the lives of whites in the region of the Bajío. Hidalgo was caught, defrocked, and executed in 1811, along with Allende. Their heads remained on display until 1821. His former student
585:. The Royalists were made up of a cross-section of society loyal to the crown with Americans composing the majority of the royalist forces on all fronts. There were two types of military units: from the regular Spanish army which were sent out or formed with local Europeans and called Expidicionarios and units called veterans or
1303:, which mandated a constitutional monarchy and curtailed the power of the Roman Catholic Church. The monarch repudiated the constitution once the Spanish monarchy was restored in 1814. For conservatives in New Spain, these changed political circumstances threatened the institutions of church and state. Royal military officer
1299:. From 1815 to 1820 there was a stalemate in New Spain, with royalist forces unable to defeat the insurgents and the insurgents unable to expand beyond their narrow territory in the southern region. Again, events in Spain intervened, with an uprising of military men against Ferdinand VII and the restoration of the liberal
1494:. He later returned with a new army, while the war had entered a tremendously violent phase. After much of the local aristocracy had abandoned the cause of independence, blacks and mulattoes carried on the struggle. Elites reacted with open distrust and opposition to the efforts of these common people. Bolívar's forces
1645:'s transition from colonial rule to independence occurred gradually over many decades and was achieved mostly through political means, as opposed to the violent revolutions that marked the end of colonialism in other North and South American countries. Attempts at revolting against the British, such as the
593:'s revolution in 1820, no more Spanish soldiers were sent to the wars in the Americas. In 1820 there were only 10,000 soldiers in Royal Army in Colombia and Venezuela, and Spaniards formed only 10% of all the royalist armies, and only half of the soldiers of the expeditionary units were European. By the
559:
to take "in absence of the king, Fernando VII, their sovereignty devolved temporarily back to the community". The juntas swore loyalty to the captive
Fernando VII and each ruled different and diverse parts of the colony. Most of Fernando's subjects were loyal to him in 1808, but after he was restored
1597:
Unlike the
Spanish, the Portuguese did not divide their colonial territory in the Americas. The captaincies they created were subdued to a centralized administration in Salvador which reported directly to the Crown in Lisbon. Therefore, it is not common to refer to "Portuguese America" (like Spanish
1323:
which recognized Mexico as independent from the
Spanish Empire. Iturbide and O'Donojú entered Mexico City with the Army of the Three Guarantees on September 27, 1821, where the remaining Spanish forces surrendered. With no European monarch presenting himself for the Crown of Mexico, Iturbide himself
1173:
The
Chilean Independence campaign was led by Liberator General Jose de San Martin with the support of Chilean exiles such as Bernardo O'Higgins. The local independence movement was composed of Chilean-born criollos, who sought political and economic independence from Spain. The independence movement
643:
Toussaint L'Ouverture was born a slave in Saint-Domingue where he developed labor skills that would give him higher privileges than other slaves. He intellectually and physically advanced resulting in promotion, land of his own, and owning slaves. In 1791, slaves in Haiti formed a revolution to seek
10908:
Timeline list arranged according to current countries. Explanatory notes are added in cases where decolonization was achieved jointly or where the current state is formed by a merger of previously decolonized states. For simplicity's sake, the numerous U.S. military occupations that occurred during
1237:
Those in favor of independence held meetings in
Guatemala, but they did not have the resources to rise up against the government; They expected everything from the progress made in Mexico by the Plan of Iguala or Plan of Independence. Likewise, not all the independentists were in agreement with the
1241:
On
September 13, the minutes of Ciudad Real de Chiapas and other towns of that State adhering to the Plan of Iguala were received in Guatemala; the advances that the army was making gave all their strength to the pronouncements of Chiapas, which by itself never had any political importance in that
564:
and punished those who had supported it. The violence used by royalist forces and the prospect of being ruled by
Fernando shifted the majority of the colonist population in favor of separation from Spain. The local elites reacted to absolutism in much the same way that the British colonial elites,
447:
Peaceful independence by the voluntary withdrawal of colonial powers then became the norm in the second half of the 20th century. However, there are still
British and Dutch colonies in North America (mostly Caribbean islands). France has fully integrated most of its former colonies in the Americas
1601:
As a result, Brazil did not split into several states by the time of independence (1822), as happened to its Spanish-speaking neighbors. The adoption of a monarchy instead of a federal republic in the first six decades of Brazilian political sovereignty also contributed to the nation's unity.
1421:, made the organization of the country excessively difficult. Only three civilians — Manuel Pardo, Nicolás de Piérola, and Francisco García Calderón — acceded to the presidency in the first seventy-five years of Peru's independence. The Republic of Bolivia was created in Upper Peru. In 1837, a
477:
During the 18th century, Spain recovered much of the strength it had lost in the 17th century but the country's resources were under strain because of the incessant warfare in Europe from 1793. This led to increased local participation in the financing of defense and increased participation in
1531:
came to play in the region's struggle. Turning the tide against independence, these highly mobile, ferocious fighters made up a formidable military force that pushed Bolívar out of his home country once more. In 1814, heavily reinforced Spanish forces in Venezuela lost a series of battles to
1482:
of 1865, General Francisco de Miranda, already a hero to the French, Prussians, English, and Americans had garnered a series of successes against the Spanish between 1808 and 1812. He had effectively negated their access to all the ports in the Caribbean, thus preventing them from receiving
1174:
was far from gaining unanimous support among Chileans, who became divided between independentists and royalists. What started as an elitist political movement against their colonial master, finally ended as a full-fledged civil war. Traditionally, the process is divided into three stages:
10785:
Sixty-three years later the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics was established. It was renamed the International Commercial Bureau at the Second International Conference of 1901–1902. These two bodies, in existence as of 14 April 1890, represent the point of inception of today's
1233:
In 1821, the entire Kingdom of Guatemala was peacefully subject to Spanish rule. With the innovations produced by the constitutional system, the freedom of the press and the exaltation of the parties, which were born in the popular elections, opinion in favor of independence spread.
1940:, an ongoing subject of controversy.) Aruba, for example, seceded from the Netherlands Antilles on January 1, 1986, and became a separate, self-governing member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. A movement toward full independence by 1996 was halted at Aruba's request in 1990.
1536:
on August 18, for 2,000 Spanish casualties out of 10,000 soldiers as well as most of the 3,000 in the rebel army. Bolívar and other leaders then returned to New Granada. Later that year the largest expeditionary force ever sent by Spain to America arrived under the command of
1649:, were brief and quickly put down. Canada was declared a dominion within the British Empire in 1867. Originally, the Canadian Confederation included just a few of what are now Canada's eastern provinces; other British colonies in modern-day Canada, such as
1311:, which called for independence, equality of peninsular and American-born Spaniards, a monarchy with a prince from Spain as king, and secured Catholicism as the proclaimed state religion. He persuaded the insurgent Guerrero to ally with him and create the
901:
led the final phase of the independence struggle. Although Bolívar attempted to keep the Spanish-speaking parts of the continent politically unified, they rapidly became independent of one another as well, and several further wars were fought, such as the
555:, as Spanish monarch. This event disrupted the political stability of Spain and broke the link with some of the colonies which were loyal to the Bourbon Dynasty. The local elites, the creoles, took matters into their own hands organizing themselves into
670:
on July 4, 1776, thus becoming the first independent, foreign-recognized nation in the Americas and the first European colonial entity to break from its mother country. Britain formally acknowledged American independence in 1783 after its defeat in the
11471:
On March 18, 1861, the Dominican Republic under Pedro Santana formally rejoined the Spanish Empire as a colony. This proved to be very unpopular among the Dominican people, and on August 16, 1865, the Dominican Republic became independent once
13370:
1200:
The first uprising against Spanish rule took place in 1809, and criollos in Ecuador set up a junta on 22 September 1810, to rule in the name of the Bourbon monarch; but as elsewhere, it allowed assertion of their power. Only in 1822 did
10700:
Great Britain and the United States were rivals for influence in the newly independent sovereign nations. As a result of the successful revolutions which established so many newly independent nations, United States President
13380:
13350:
13213:
886:. The territories freed themselves, often with help from foreign mercenaries and privateers. The United States and Europe were neutral, yet aimed to achieve political influence and trade without the Spanish monopoly.
13375:
1397:
Peru finally succumbed after the decisive continental campaigns of José de San Martín (1820–1823) and Simón Bolívar (1824). While San Martín was in charge of the land campaign, a newly-built Chilean Navy led by
808:
Places in the Americas by date of independence. Note that the United States did not complete its continental territorial expansion until 1867; Canada did not complete sovereignty as an independent country until
1238:
system of government proclaimed by Iturbide, much less by the dynasty called to the Mexican throne, but then it was only about independence, each one reserving their opinion regarding the forms of government.
14265:
13290:
12162:
Timeline list arranged according to current countries. Explanatory notes are added in cases where decolonization was achieved jointly or where the current state is formed by merger of previously decolonized
12105:
Timeline list arranged according to current countries. Explanatory notes are added in cases where decolonization was achieved jointly or where the current state is formed by merger of previously decolonized
13355:
1324:
was proclaimed emperor Agustín I in 1822. He was overthrown in 1823 and Mexico was established as a republic. Decades of political and economic instability ensued which resulted in a population decline.
10056:
13133:
10746:, proposed the creation of a league of American republics, with a common military, a mutual defense pact, and a supranational parliamentary assembly. This meeting was attended by representatives of
13203:
13305:
1936:
Some of the remaining non-sovereign territories of the Americas have retained this status by choice, and enjoy a significant degree of self-government. (Some have nevertheless been placed on the
13223:
13068:
13345:
490:(founded in 1768) and contributed to its defense. The increased local organization of the defenses would ultimately undermine the metropolitan authority and bolster the independence movement.
14209:
13295:
7577:(most of them were British colonies) gained their independence in 20th century. Today, North America consists of twenty-two sovereign states with common government system being some form of
1937:
1079:, a local struggle for independence kicked off with two failed revolutions. Over sixteen years of struggle followed before the first steps toward the establishment of a republic were taken.
13228:
589:
created in the Americas. The militias included some veteran units and were called the disciplined militia. Only 11% of the personnel in the militias were European or American whites. After
11270:
was sworn in as Acting President on September 21, 1839. From November 12, 1838, from the Federal Republic to Zelaya y Ayes' inauguration, Honduras was headed by a provisional President.
1245:
The trustee of the Guatemala City Council, Mr. Mariano Aycinena, requested an extraordinary session to present a petition in order to proclaim independence. pp. 85–90.</ref>
13398:
13360:
7259:
4146:
3831:
929:, but within a decade the region fought against the United States over the borderlands (losing the bordering lands of California and Texas). Most of the heat was during the official
13415:
13403:
13393:
13340:
13310:
13365:
12041:
4253:
13335:
13208:
13143:
13078:
11575:
Not celebrated as a holiday. From this date to May 20, 1902, Cuba was occupied by the United States, supposedly to help Cuba prepare for independence. However, the terms of the
13330:
13325:
13320:
13118:
13300:
1624:
forced the Portuguese court out of their capital city of Lisbon and into exile in Brazil. Over the next eight years, the capital of the Portuguese empire would be located in
412:
from the former French colony of Haiti, the President of the Dominican Republic signed an agreement that reverted the country to a Spanish colony in 1861. This triggered the
14316:
13315:
13238:
13183:
13153:
13073:
13270:
13193:
13168:
13128:
13113:
13083:
1548:
Bolívar and other republican leaders returned to Venezuela in December 1816, leading a largely unsuccessful insurrection against Spain from 1816 to 1818 from bases in the
637:
14364:
14088:
13285:
13280:
13233:
13173:
13148:
13138:
13093:
11175:
On November 15, 1838, Costa Rica formally withdrew from the Federal Republic of Central America and then declared itself as an independent republic on September 28, 1848
13188:
13178:
13158:
13103:
13098:
12096:
After gaining independence of Spain the territory of present-day Uruguay in 1817 was occupied and in 1921 annexed by Portugal to be administered as Brazilian province.
1271:
who may well have been sympathetic to creoles' aspirations. Iturrigaray was ousted by pro-royalists. A few from among the creole elites sought independence, including
784:
to the United States and from then on focused on the European theater, marking the end of France's ambitions of building a colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere.
13275:
13163:
13108:
12900:
1402:
transported the fighting troops and launched a sea campaign against the Spanish fleet in the Pacific. San Martín, who had displaced the royalists of Chile after the
1263:, as elsewhere in Spanish America in 1808, people reacted to the unexpected French invasion of the Iberian peninsula and the ouster of the Bourbon king, replaced by
1025:
Following half a decade of battles and skirmishes with provincial royalist forces within the former Vice-royalty along with military expeditions across the Andes to
11283:
On February 18, 1841, El Salvador (by then the only member remaining in the Federal Republic of Central America), formally withdrew and became an independent state.
9403:
13695:
13198:
13123:
628:
Independence movements in South America can be traced back to slave revolts in plantations in the northernmost part of the continent and the Caribbean. In 1791, a
366:(1808–33), which were primarily fought between opposing groups of colonists and only secondarily against Spanish forces. At the same time, the Portuguese monarchy
14149:
13543:
11438:, Uruguay continued to struggle for its independence against Spain. From 1816 to 1820, the territory of present-day Uruguay was invaded and conquered by the
1259:
Independence in Mexico was a protracted struggle from 1808 until the fall of the royal government in 1821 and the establishment of independent Mexico. In the
12731:
11506:. Because of these decades-long steps, Canada Day is not considered to be a celebration of Canada's independence (although it is usually celebrated as such).
1441:
led a successful revolt against the Spanish forces in the Provincia Oriental, now Uruguay, joining the independentist movement that was taking place in the
11980:
10575:
9933:
5560:
2817:
11357:
formally declared Ecuador's independence) is celebrated as Ecuador's date of independence. On May 13, 1830, Ecuador formally seceded from Gran Colombia.
9370:
1382:
Spain initially had the support of the Lima oligarchs because of their opposition to the commercial interests of Buenos Aires and Chile. Therefore, the
12895:
11458:. Uruguay declared independence from the Empire of Brazil on August 25, 1825, but its independence was officially recognized on August 27, 1828 by the
11204:
assumed office as a triumvirate nine days after the Federal Republic of Central America regained independence from Mexico, succeeding Chief of State
10819:
9476:
10782:. Nevertheless, the great distances and geographical barriers, not to mention the different national and regional interests, made union impossible.
14134:
11233:
Sometime around 1840 Guatemala formally withdrew from the Federal Republic of Central America and became an independent republic on March 21, 1847.
10947:
and other wars in the period after decolonization and the resulting states and federations are not part of this list and are only noted – see the
6568:
2331:
1123:
13896:
7452:
2016:
1283:. Hidalgo made a proclamation in his home parish of Dolores, which was not recorded in writing at the time, but denounced the bad government and
41:
10724:
trade policies. British pressure was sufficient to prevent Spain from attempting any serious reassertion of its control over its lost colonies.
632:
sparked a general insurrection against the plantation system and French colonial power. These events were followed by a violent uprising led by
14451:
14446:
14426:
13930:
13449:
8991:
1973:). Other regions however have had or currently have movements to change their political status, for example, different movements to change the
1364:
657:
1410:
in 1820, proclaimed the independence of Peru in Lima on 28 July 1821. Four years later, the Spanish Monarchy was defeated definitively at the
14461:
14384:
12912:
7254:. The country remained independent until it was reoccupied by Spain from 1861 until 1865, when the country regained its independence as the
1445:
at the time. In 1821, the Provincia Oriental was invaded by Portugal, trying to annex it into Brazil under the name of Província Cisplatina.
88:
13758:
13743:
13700:
13675:
8382:
7202:
2937:
1417:
After independence, the conflicts of interests that faced different sectors of Creole Peruvian society and the particular ambitions of the
60:
10720:
Great Britain's trade with Latin America greatly expanded during the revolutionary period, which until then was restricted due to Spanish
851:. The crisis of political legitimacy sparked a reaction in Spain's overseas empire. Several assemblies were established after 1810 by the
618:
spurred the desire for social and economic reform to spread throughout the Americas and the Iberian Peninsula. Ideas about free trade and
13935:
1567:
on June 24, his forces decisively defeated Spanish and colonial forces, winning Venezuelan independence, although hostilities continued.
12033:
1291:
continued the rebellion and was himself caught and killed in 1815. The struggle of Mexican insurgents continued under the leadership of
1002:, became greatly weakened. Without a recognized king on the Spanish throne to render the office of the Viceroy legitimate, the right of
14250:
13619:
12861:
12846:
12518:
12194:
12137:
11743:
10948:
1532:
Bolívar's forces but then decisively defeated Bolivar at La Puerta on June 15, took Caracas on July 16, and again defeated his army at
683:
367:
196:
10565:
9760:
6426:
1521:
With loyalists displaying the same passion and violence, the rebels achieved only short-lived victories. The army led by the loyalist
1490:
turned over Francisco de Miranda to the Spanish authorities, secured a safe passage for himself and his closest officers, and fled to
1449:
1006:
to govern came under fire. The local elites, tired of the Spanish trade restrictions and taxes, seized the opportunity and during the
67:
14018:
13624:
12062:
After independence the United States colonized and later incorporated in their federal structure, territories on their own. The last
11443:
11132:, the territory of present-day Venezuela continued to struggle for its independence until June 24, 1821 when the decisive victory of
10977:
After independence the United States colonized and later incorporated in their federal structure, territories on their own. The last
9690:
in the early 19th century. Today, South America consists of twelve sovereign states with common government system being some form of
8207:
7650:
7622:
7605:
231:
416:, which resulted in the Dominican Republic's second independence from Spain in 1865. Cuba fought for independence from Spain in the
14179:
13058:
13040:
12067:
11840:
10982:
7962:
7952:
1917:
722:. American encroachment on indigenous nations prompted the creation of several federations opposed to Manifest Destiny such as the
191:
1338:
on the night of May 14 and the morning of May 15, 1811, after a plan organized by various pro-independence nationalists including
560:
to the Spanish crown in 1814, his policy of restoring absolute power alienated both the juntas and his subjects. He abrogated the
13748:
13614:
13609:
13487:
12572:
9671:
1399:
355:
206:
11612:
leader of Cuba in the aftermath of the Cuban Revolution, he would not assume office until February 16, 1959, as Prime Minister.
7714:
718:. Land speculators and individual settlers both played a significant role in the expansion of America into what was then termed
74:
14159:
14104:
13538:
12470:
12193:
and other wars in the period after decolonization and the resulting states and federations are not part of this list – see the
12136:
and other wars in the period after decolonization and the resulting states and federations are not part of this list – see the
12063:
11325:
11129:
10978:
10884:
10844:
7968:
2430:
1982:
913:
A related process took place in what is now Mexico, Central America, and parts of North America between 1810 and 1821 with the
11258:
On November 15, 1838, Honduras formally withdrew from the Federal Republic of Central America and became an independent state.
14184:
14041:
13548:
12550:
12419:
12329:
12315:
12273:
12245:
11797:
11070:
11003:
10952:
10889:
10484:
10478:
9687:
9663:
7570:
7542:
6304:
6117:
3978:
3370:
1343:
793:
363:
282:
236:
216:
211:
166:
130:
10366:
9834:
9739:
9326:
7144:
6450:
6396:
6289:
5606:
2863:
2198:
1442:
979:
13553:
13482:
12950:
9683:
9667:
7554:
7546:
4392:
4029:
221:
161:
56:
11905:
The Five Republics of Central America; Their Political and Economic Development and Their Relations with the United States
11715:
11144:, from which Venezuela gained independence on January 13, 1830. Venezuela celebrates July 5, 1811 as its independence day.
14129:
13826:
13792:
13787:
13492:
12560:
11738:
11459:
10755:
9679:
9102:
8858:
8649:
8467:
8128:
7764:
7550:
7231:
7000:
6939:
6871:
6796:
6735:
6030:
5945:
5860:
5791:
5722:
4652:
2569:
2532:
2495:
2458:
2411:
2151:
201:
186:
181:
171:
156:
151:
1563:
In 1819 Bolívar successfully invaded New Granada, and returned to Venezuela in April 1821, leading an army of 7,000. At
486:, Spanish authorities promised freedom from the Encomienda for indigenous locals who settled near the new stronghold of
14083:
13763:
13599:
13584:
13442:
12087:
were a pair of Canadian armed uprisings that occurred in 1837 and 1838 in response to frustrations in political reform.
11876:
11535:
were a pair of Canadian armed uprisings that occurred in 1837 and 1838 in response to frustrations in political reform.
9675:
9091:
8847:
8638:
8456:
8315:
8187:
8117:
7881:
7558:
7197:
6228:
4718:
4672:
4626:
4336:
2631:
857:(Latin Americans who are of full or near full Spanish descent) to recover sovereignty and self-government based on the
714:
in regions such as the Dakotas and California, as well as opportunities for American settlers to claim farmland in the
176:
12348:
Harvey, Robert. "Liberators: Latin America`s Struggle For Independence, 1810–1830". John Murray, London (2000).
14456:
14240:
13604:
13594:
13589:
13558:
13512:
13507:
12978:
12803:
12698:
12353:
12343:
12301:
12287:
12259:
12016:
11992:
11981:
International Relations in South America Nineteenth Century A Case Study: The Independence and Sovereignty of Uruguay
11955:
11413:
Not celebrated as a holiday. Brazil’s independence from Portugal was officially recognized on August 29, 1825 by the
11066:
10869:
10676:
9021:
8801:
7243:
7052:
4387:
4110:
4092:
4076:
3785:
2038:
1143:
1119:
1089:
1046:
107:
1386:
became the last redoubt of the Spanish Monarchy in South America. Nevertheless, a Creole rebellion arose in 1812 in
362:
in Spanish America to question their allegiance to Spain, stoking independence movements that culminated in various
14441:
14354:
14260:
13947:
13685:
13648:
13533:
12798:
12071:
11082:
10986:
10571:
9929:
9434:
9360:
9227:
9190:
9017:
8997:
8275:
8250:
8217:
7484:
7472:
7456:
7444:
7412:
7381:
7331:
5258:
4436:
4172:
4156:
3487:
1978:
226:
14431:
14374:
14369:
14321:
14204:
14174:
14114:
11414:
11324:
starting from February 27 of that year, the Dominican Republic regained sovereignty upon the ratification of the
11116:
10787:
7488:
4647:
2639:
1974:
1491:
817:
581:
The colonial army of the Spanish Empire in the Americas was made up of local American and European supporters of
444:
in the Pacific Ocean. Under military occupation, Cuba became a U.S. protectorate until its independence in 1902.
11201:
1727:: Granted internal self-government in 1964 and, then achieved full independence from the United Kingdom in 1973.
14154:
13942:
13003:
12513:
11498:
entering into force on July 1, 1867. On December 11, 1931, it got increased self-governance powers through the
11128:
Not celebrated as a holiday. After declaring independence from Spain on July 5, 1811 with the enactment of the
10809:
9076:
8832:
8623:
8434:
8095:
7104:
6984:
6923:
6855:
6780:
6719:
6356:
6345:
3264:
2731:
2417:
2379:
2366:
2219:
2020:
1748:
1465:
1195:
45:
11673:
was sworn in as President on March 17, 1970. From the abolition of Guyana's monarchy and Chung's inauguration
11587:
on January 1, 1959. As a result, Cuba celebrates the date October 10, 1868, as its date of independence, when
4522:
1968:
1335:
14011:
13918:
13435:
12833:
11522:
were respectively the Prime Minister on the date of passage of the Statute of Westminster and the Canada Act.
11321:
11221:
9986:
9471:
9409:
9332:
9233:
9011:
8573:
8281:
7656:
7247:
6461:
5586:
4698:
2843:
2224:
1225:'s forces defeated a Spanish force defending Quito. The Spanish defeat guaranteed the liberation of Ecuador.
965:
409:
14405:
11340:
was the President of the Central Government Junta on the date of ratification of the Dominican Constitution.
9288:
9278:
1394:
between 1814 and 1816. Both were suppressed. These rebellions were supported by the armies of Buenos Aires.
832:, the Spanish colonies in the Americas won their independence during the first quarter of the 19th century.
81:
13908:
13854:
13736:
13731:
13033:
12998:
11435:
10839:
8537:
7155:
6620:
2912:
2797:
2764:
1929:
1893:
1473:
1355:
1312:
1300:
1062:
1003:
922:
561:
12414:. Europe and the World in the Age of Expansion, Vol. 5. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1974.
11588:
11245:
was Head of State around the time of Guatemala's withdrawal from the Federal Republic of Central America.
1041:
to finally end Spanish rule in America, a formal declaration was signed on 9 July 1816, by an assembly in
14311:
13891:
13563:
12966:
12889:
12567:
12508:
11499:
10849:
10814:
10250:
9388:
9306:
9212:
9065:
8821:
8612:
8547:
8416:
8260:
8077:
7773:
7635:
7480:
6673:
6516:
6321:
2611:
2283:
1646:
1469:
1422:
1254:
1168:
1076:
914:
371:
14306:
14301:
14255:
14214:
14056:
14051:
13811:
13799:
13690:
13517:
13502:
13218:
12688:
12650:
12584:
12463:
10854:
10733:
10618:
10522:
10488:
10409:
10362:
10293:
10162:
10079:
10026:
10022:
9851:
9830:
9735:
9526:
9521:
9416:
9399:
9366:
8377:
8193:
8153:
7958:
7562:
7093:
7041:
6557:
4827:
4517:
2677:
2318:
2270:
2113:
1499:
776:, which lasted from 1791 to 1804. Thwarted in his attempt to rebuild a French empire in North America,
672:
315:
11903:
11316:
Not celebrated as a holiday. After gaining independence from Spain, the Republic of Spanish Haiti was
9650:. The division between North and South America is unclear, generally viewed as lying somewhere in the
7525:. The division between North and South America is unclear, generally viewed as lying somewhere in the
14336:
14326:
13886:
13871:
13821:
13816:
12838:
12615:
12528:
12280:
Adventuring through Spanish Colonies: Simón Bolívar, Foreign Mercenaries and the Birth of New Nations
11580:
11422:
11317:
11305:
10418:
10333:
10119:
9976:
9803:
9555:
9466:
8764:
8361:
8350:
8197:
7915:
7339:
7311:
7255:
7239:
7172:
4744:
4620:
3599:
3093:
3065:
2963:
2784:
1899:
1453:
1280:
727:
425:
413:
405:
401:
275:
1598:
America, Dutch America, etc.), but rather to Brazil, as a unified colony since its very beginnings.
14004:
13836:
13753:
13568:
13467:
13088:
12823:
12808:
12605:
12448:
12172:
Some territories changed hands multiple times, so in the list is mentioned the last colonial power.
12115:
Some territories changed hands multiple times, so in the list is mentioned the last colonial power.
10926:
Some territories changed hands multiple times, so the list is mentioned as the last colonial power.
10859:
10738:
The notion of closer Spanish American cooperation and unity was first put forward by the Liberator
9953:
9550:
9496:
9381:
9377:
9299:
9295:
8541:
8143:
7999:
7753:
7743:
7440:
7327:
7263:
7251:
6265:
6036:
5951:
5866:
5797:
5728:
5271:
5219:
5167:
5115:
3685:
3422:
3331:
1923:
1260:
945:
930:
723:
667:
429:
11162:
After gaining independence from Spain, the Federal Republic of Central America was annexed by the
11049:
9421:
9097:
8853:
8644:
8462:
8123:
5651:
2902:
1962:
1438:
1222:
1042:
633:
14436:
14379:
14144:
14073:
13957:
13026:
12907:
12813:
12579:
11917:
11639:
11267:
11217:
11193:
11086:
11061:
Composed of the following leaders: Vicente Ignacio Iturbe Domínguez; Juan Valeriano de Zevallos;
10323:
10313:
10109:
10099:
9770:
9201:
9178:
9156:
8254:
7942:
7931:
7628:
7611:
5487:
5375:
4595:
3565:
2173:
2009:
1368:
1288:
1038:
1017:
898:
853:
34:
9605:
9595:
8203:
1307:
seized the opportunity to lead, allying with his former enemy Guerrero. Iturbide proclaimed the
13980:
13881:
13876:
13861:
13804:
13719:
12818:
12775:
12770:
12703:
12610:
12555:
11572:
11495:
11418:
11197:
11119:
formally declared New Granada's independence) is celebrated as Colombia's date of independence.
10874:
10468:
9491:
9393:
9311:
9217:
9001:
8775:
8552:
8265:
7870:
7817:
7807:
7778:
7699:
7640:
7476:
7448:
7323:
5656:
4739:
3038:
2958:
2907:
1821:
1637:
1576:
862:
761:
691:
582:
387:
335:
12424:
Uribe, Victor M. "The Enigma of Latin American Independence: Analyses of the Last Ten Years,"
11613:
9197:
9174:
9152:
9113:
8367:
8246:
7618:
7601:
3680:
3088:
2606:
1793:
Some parts of the Americas are still administered by European countries or the United States:
1502:". Bolívar's forces defeated Domingo Monteverde's Spanish army in a series of battles, taking
1304:
1268:
1093:
Retreat of European colonialism and change of political borders in South America, 1700–present
918:
478:
militias by the locally born. Such development was at odds with the ideals of the centralized
13849:
12674:
12456:
11089:
as Chile's date of independence. Chile would not be recognized by Spain until April 25, 1844.
10236:
9992:
9252:
9135:
9031:
8717:
5662:
5474:
5084:
3591:
2278:
2165:
1953:
1766:
1522:
461:
12322:
Response to Revolution: Imperial Spain and the Spanish American Revolutions, 1810–1840
10624:
10299:
10168:
10085:
9456:
8567:
8532:
7877:
1102:
483:
14270:
13985:
12935:
12851:
12828:
12523:
11579:
meant that the United States continued to dominate Cuba long after independence, including
11163:
10999:
10914:
10059:
9516:
9506:
9486:
9223:
9087:
8981:
8843:
8713:
8634:
8522:
8452:
8113:
7978:
7464:
7338:
meant that the United States continued to dominate Cuba long after independence, including
6637:
6585:
6061:
5992:
5907:
5822:
5753:
5188:
4876:
3739:
3142:
1654:
1183:
1072:
926:
777:
706:. While ending European control over the region, these events resulted in the expansion of
615:
517:
268:
9322:
9317:
9284:
7705:
1533:
1425:
was also created, but was dissolved two years later due to Chilean military intervention.
1320:
350:
lasted from 1791 to 1804 and resulted in the independence of the French slave colony. The
8:
14331:
14124:
13257:
12993:
12736:
12718:
11388:
11350:
11220:
was Head of State when Costa Rica withdrew from the Federal Republic of Central America.
10546:
10532:
10512:
10435:
10283:
10152:
10069:
9922:
9855:
9813:
9718:
9691:
9575:
9531:
7989:
7948:
7864:
7747:
7671:
7595:
7578:
7501:
7424:
6609:
5611:
5362:
4907:
4894:
4587:
4258:
3877:
3760:
3552:
3173:
3160:
3079:
3060:
2868:
2751:
1754:
1706:
1383:
1210:
1179:
877:
745:
707:
653:
606:
529:
513:
311:
11832:
11366:
11271:
11112:
9658:
is considered to be part of North America as its southernmost nation. The continent was
9610:
9007:
8987:
8670:
7537:
is considered to be part of North America as its southernmost nation. The continent was
3898:
1316:
1107:
396:
Spain would lose all three of its remaining Caribbean colonies by the end of the 1800s.
14400:
14068:
13844:
12988:
12207:
12150:
12084:
11532:
11242:
11137:
11133:
10965:
10824:
10743:
10739:
10714:
10713:. It stated that the United States would not tolerate any European interference in the
10474:
10205:
9589:
9571:
9511:
9481:
9441:
9352:
8948:
8593:
8396:
8371:
8305:
7995:
7845:
7760:
7694:
7678:
7185:
7167:
6505:
6247:
6216:
5508:
5396:
5344:
5136:
4713:
4667:
4615:
4600:
4235:
4219:
4177:
4141:
4125:
4034:
3872:
3826:
3734:
3534:
2990:
2932:
2792:
2759:
2726:
2685:
2626:
2383:
2374:
2326:
2178:
1621:
1564:
1542:
1495:
1487:
1411:
1296:
1083:
1050:
975:
907:
894:
781:
773:
739:
629:
594:
521:
441:
397:
347:
339:
14266:
Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)
11328:. The February 27 date is celebrated as the Dominican Republic's date of independence.
9766:
9082:
8977:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8838:
8629:
8563:
8558:
8528:
8447:
8108:
1403:
14296:
14291:
14210:
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)
13680:
12871:
12785:
12683:
12532:
12415:
12349:
12339:
12325:
12311:
12297:
12283:
12269:
12255:
12241:
12182:
12125:
12012:
11988:
11951:
11921:
11626:
11592:
11447:
11439:
11028:
10955:) would not be recognized by their colonial power as independent until decades later.
10879:
10706:
10581:
10055:
9939:
9651:
9585:
9565:
9460:
8927:
8033:
8028:
8023:
7530:
7526:
7223:
5581:
5573:
5448:
4822:
4801:
4693:
3033:
2838:
2830:
2250:
2117:
2108:
2087:
1586:
1407:
873:
757:
749:
679:
675:. The U.S. victory encouraged independence movements in other parts of the Americas.
479:
421:
417:
383:
331:
323:
140:
12254:. The Cambridge History of Latin America, Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press, 1987.
11166:
on January 25, 1822. The Federal Republic would regain independence on July 1, 1823.
8781:
8740:
8723:
6795:
El Salvador part of 1st Mexican Empire. Then later got independence and creation of
3806:
1553:
14235:
14189:
14109:
12656:
12646:
11913:
11584:
11451:
11434:
Not celebrated as a holiday. After its decisive victory over Spanish forces at the
11401:
11205:
11062:
10585:
9943:
9823:
9728:
9540:
9274:
8760:
8744:
8698:
8518:
8321:
8053:
7925:
7860:
7821:
7811:
7492:
7343:
6879:
6734:
Costa Rica part of 1st Mexican Empire. Then later got independence and creation of
6408:
5638:
5323:
4300:
3526:
2894:
1977:
and intermittent calls for independence in other non-sovereign territories such as
1887:
1839:
1650:
1339:
1292:
1264:
937:
844:
719:
703:
590:
552:
525:
390:
12238:
The Political Economy of Spanish America in the Age of Revolution, 1750–1850
11787:
8483:
6999:
Nicaragua part of 1st Mexican Empire. Then later got independence and creation of
6870:
Guatemala part of 1st Mexican Empire. Then later got independence and creation of
6071:
6002:
5917:
5832:
5763:
2578:
2541:
2504:
2467:
2425:
1267:. Local American-born Spaniards saw the opportunity to seize control from Viceroy
386:, remained in Brazil and in 1822 successfully declared himself emperor of a newly
14346:
14230:
14139:
14027:
13952:
13018:
12940:
12922:
12856:
12746:
12713:
12708:
11576:
11503:
10864:
10750:(comprising the modern-day nations of Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela),
10710:
9912:
9641:
9501:
8478:
8473:
8149:
8139:
8134:
7566:
7520:
7460:
7335:
6938:
Honduras part of 1st Mexican Empire. Then later got independence and creation of
3852:
3300:
1663:
1498:
in 1813, waging a campaign with a ferocity captured perfectly by their motto of "
1360:
1276:
640:
that sprung up in 1795 Venezuela, allegedly inspired by the revolution in Haiti.
610:
537:
509:
499:
14078:
11818:
Toussaint L'Ouverture, "Letter to the French Directory, 1797", in Nicola Foote,
9908:
9108:
8665:
8660:
8655:
12945:
12881:
12866:
12790:
12780:
12760:
12487:
12483:
11707:
11674:
11519:
11502:, followed by complete sovereignty on April 17, 1982, after the passage of the
11246:
11140:
led to the independence of the country from Spain and the establishment of the
11007:
10829:
10804:
10747:
10424:
10240:
9865:
9844:
9749:
9536:
8727:
8707:
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8009:
7400:
7227:
7215:
6875:
6300:
6239:
6192:
6049:
5981:
5968:
5964:
5896:
5883:
5879:
5810:
5741:
5667:
5625:
5500:
5456:
5440:
5388:
5336:
5284:
5232:
5180:
5128:
5076:
5024:
4980:
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4959:
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4814:
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4317:
3664:
3435:
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3212:
3134:
3025:
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2881:
2211:
2137:
2100:
1905:
1827:
1700:
1625:
1507:
1434:
1308:
1068:
1007:
971:
903:
858:
836:
753:
699:
695:
687:
533:
503:
359:
351:
327:
297:
258:
11752:
11002:
until Washington's inauguration the United States was nominally headed by the
8340:
7921:
7646:
7235:
1613:
577:
Graphs showing the make-up of the royalist army at the time of the revolution.
326:
in Europe followed, and collectively these events had profound effects on the
14420:
14062:
13458:
12972:
11909:
11560:
11515:
11337:
11141:
11099:
10628:
10528:
10303:
10172:
10089:
9645:
9623:
9450:
9185:
9163:
9141:
9027:
7985:
7938:
7911:
7574:
7364:
6533:
6138:
5452:
4928:
4788:
4752:
4483:
4431:
4381:
4341:
4248:
4105:
4024:
3973:
3890:
3844:
3798:
3752:
3391:
3181:
3001:
2717:
2671:
2360:
2312:
2082:
1941:
1881:
1845:
1538:
1206:
1082:
Formally, it is considered that the fight for independence culminated in the
1011:
941:
890:
769:
663:
573:
449:
379:
343:
11884:
10561:
10431:
10414:
10405:
10395:
10279:
10148:
10065:
9809:
9799:
9756:
9714:
9071:
9060:
8967:
8827:
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8771:
8618:
8607:
8429:
8411:
8336:
8311:
8182:
8090:
8072:
804:
12930:
12765:
12723:
12666:
12542:
12479:
12370:
12004:
11899:
11670:
11605:
10834:
10721:
10702:
10229:
8962:
7905:
7893:
7258:. Fifty-one years later, between 1916 and 1924, the Dominican Republic was
6478:
5240:
5032:
4441:
3469:
3443:
3259:
1911:
1658:
1581:
1175:
1045:, declaring full independence with provisions for a national constitution.
882:
848:
799:
715:
548:
12011:(Second ed.). West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 70.
11629:
was an earlier armed uprising that failed to gain independence from Spain.
10464:
10219:
10210:
10201:
8213:
1616:, proclaimed the country's independence in 1822 and became Brazil's first
1590:
14194:
13866:
13427:
12693:
12678:
12638:
11616:
was sworn in as President two days after the end of the Cuban Revolution.
10910:
10799:
10763:
10399:
9861:
9840:
9819:
9745:
9724:
9347:
9268:
9145:
8923:
8496:
8405:
7728:
7687:
7573:
in the early 19th century; Canada and many other island countries in the
7468:
7377:
7242:
gained independence from Spain in 1821, but was subsequently occupied by
6754:
6130:
6017:
5292:
5206:
5063:
5050:
4115:
3983:
3857:
3811:
3765:
3495:
3461:
3383:
3292:
3279:
3012:
2556:
1875:
1781:
1742:
1606:
1541:. This force effectively replaced the improvised llanero units, who were
1272:
1115:
953:
829:
619:
433:
319:
12436:
The United States and the Independence of Latin America, 1800–1830
10968:
or as a parliamentary republic the head of government is listed instead.
10664:
8346:
7330:. Cuba was occupied by the United States until the establishment of the
1132:
342:
followed, resulting in the creation of several independent countries in
14164:
13901:
12751:
12429:
11491:
11455:
11292:
10940:
10775:
9963:
8167:
8066:
7219:
6692:
6243:
5709:
3339:
2398:
2023: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1949:
1945:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1593:
after giving the news of the Brazilian independence on 7 September 1822
869:
565:
Tory and Whig alike, had reacted to London's interference before 1775.
457:
453:
12210:
instead of first head of state is listed the first head of government.
12153:
instead of first head of state is listed the first head of government.
10319:
10309:
10105:
10095:
7710:
1387:
1010:
of 1810, removed Cisneros and created the first local government, the
543:
In the case of Spain and its colonies, in May 1808, Napoleon captured
14359:
14199:
13705:
13262:
12384:
British Policy and the Independence of Latin America, 1804–1828
12190:
12186:
12133:
12129:
10944:
10771:
10759:
10642:
10608:
9784:
9708:
9126:
9054:
8971:
8683:
8601:
8440:
8422:
8101:
8083:
7471:, and the expansion of the civil government and the establishment of
6972:
6958:
6911:
6843:
6815:
6768:
6707:
6662:
6438:
6433:
6333:
6328:
5847:
5778:
4509:
4331:
3960:
3942:
3573:
2598:
2482:
2445:
2346:
2193:
1851:
983:
813:
682:
between Canada and Florida, the United States would later eventually
622:
544:
482:. The Spanish also made formal concessions to strengthen defense; In
12478:
12221:
Rivalry of the U.S. and Great Britain over Latin America (1808–1830)
10614:
10518:
10289:
10158:
10075:
9546:
1998:
1513:
23:
14245:
14169:
13248:
13050:
11792:
11081:
Not celebrated as a holiday. The date September 18, 1810 (when the
10767:
10503:
10458:
10380:
10356:
10329:
10223:
10133:
10115:
10049:
9237:
9205:
8893:
8879:
8872:
8865:
8810:
8296:
8271:
8240:
8005:
7792:
7737:
7487:
with autonomous local, democratic government, officially named the
6897:
6545:
6540:
6277:
6272:
6112:
5932:
5154:
5011:
4998:
3993:
3903:
3409:
3357:
3251:
3238:
2519:
2298:
2239:
1797:
1777:
1736:
1718:
1418:
1332:
995:
840:
303:
14365:
Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
13996:
11295:
was President when El Salvador withdrew from the Federal Republic.
9600:
7974:
6874:
in 1823. Then later dissolved in 1841 creation of Guatemala. late
1675:
Other countries did not gain independence until the 20th century:
1456:, fostered by Britain, declaring Uruguay as an independent state.
12983:
12034:"Barbados ditches Britain's Queen Elizabeth to become a republic"
11833:"Mexican-American War | Mexico-United States [1846-1848]"
11739:"La criollización de un ejército periférico, Chile, 1768 to 1810"
11249:
became President upon the declaration of Guatemala's sovereignty.
11098:
Assumed office four days after independence as Supreme Director.
10936:
10599:
10555:
10246:
10214:
10186:
10142:
9982:
9972:
9959:
9949:
9893:
9879:
9793:
9581:
8941:
8902:
8703:
8588:
8512:
8326:
7132:
7116:
7081:
6384:
6368:
5601:
5102:
4855:
4842:
4367:
4351:
3318:
3121:
3108:
2858:
2779:
2703:
1833:
1815:
1809:
1730:
1724:
1696:
1617:
1610:
1557:
1527:
1503:
1218:
1202:
1034:
999:
987:
917:. Independence was achieved in 1821 by a coalition uniting under
586:
14150:
Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)
12266:
The Poverty of Progress: Latin America in the Nineteenth Century
11925:
11417:. The date September 7, 1822 (when then-Prince Regent Dom Pedro
9561:
8750:
8356:
3610:
868:
This experience of self-government, along with the influence of
302:
occurred over several centuries as most of the countries in the
12206:
First head of state after independence. For current and former
12149:
First head of state after independence. For current and former
10779:
10347:
10273:
10264:
10195:
10007:
9918:
9902:
9659:
9655:
9045:
8957:
8046:
7854:
7838:
7801:
7538:
7534:
7439:
Spain ceded Puerto Rico to the United States at the end of the
7029:
6828:
6799:
in 1823. Then later dissolved in 1841 creation of El Salvador.
6738:
in 1823. Then later dissolved in 1841 creation of Costra Rica.
6650:
6056:
5987:
5902:
5817:
5748:
5555:
5427:
5414:
5310:
4946:
4496:
4418:
4402:
4011:
3513:
3199:
2978:
2812:
2657:
2593:
1960:, but have been "incorporated" into France itself, as overseas
1957:
1760:
1712:
1642:
1549:
375:
307:
12377:
The Origins of the Latin American Revolutions, 1808–1826
12360:
Foreign Legionaries in the Liberation of Spanish South America
3832:
United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)
710:
against Native nations, especially following the discovery of
14275:
11462:. Uruguay celebrates August 25, 1825 as its independence day.
11354:
10040:
10016:
9167:
8794:
8754:
8733:
8692:
7419:
7407:
7395:
7306:
7192:
7139:
7088:
7036:
7003:
in 1823. Then later dissolved in 1841 creation of Nicaragua.
6979:
6967:
6918:
6906:
6850:
6838:
6775:
6763:
6714:
6702:
6657:
6604:
6552:
6500:
6492:
6445:
6391:
6340:
6284:
6205:
4685:
4569:
4467:
4451:
3780:
3693:
2265:
2132:
1803:
1763:(formerly British Honduras): from the United Kingdom, in 1981
1679:
1391:
1214:
1026:
991:
765:
487:
314:
was the first in the Americas, and the British defeat in the
11669:
Remained Prime Minister when Guyana abolished its monarchy.
6942:
in 1823. Then later dissolved in 1841 creation of Honduras.
1715:(formerly British Guiana): from the United Kingdom, in 1966.
568:
14119:
14089:
United States involvement in regime change in Latin America
10751:
10449:
10389:
8231:
8176:
7342:. This dominance would last until the end of the communist
7299:
6597:
6592:
6407:
Uruguay gained independence from Spain, was annexed by the
6079:
3651:
3646:
3053:
2746:
1686:
1376:
1372:
1030:
949:
825:
711:
437:
12032:
Faulconbridge, Guy; Ellsworth, Brian (November 30, 2021).
11861:
David Bushnell, "Wars of Independence: South America", in
7561:. The United States of America gained its independence in
4753:
Gained independence from the British Empire/United Kingdom
14317:
Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)
12412:
Empires to Nations: Expansion in America, 1713–1824
11865:, vol. 5, p. 447. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
11686:
Abolished its commonwealth monarchy on November 30, 2021.
11660:
Abolished its commonwealth monarchy on February 23, 1970.
11387:
Assumed office six days after independence as President.
11369:
was Jéfe Supremo when Ecuador seceded from Gran Colombia.
4533:
14135:
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
12294:
The Emergence of Latin America in the Nineteenth Century
7459:
from 1900 to 1952, which oversaw the establishment of a
1319:,the final Viceroy of New Spain, and Iturbide settled a
880:, brought about a struggle for independence, led by the
472:
11591:
formally declared Cuba's independence and launched the
11224:
was President when Costa Rica declared its sovereignty.
1605:
After several failed revolts in the Portuguese colony,
678:
Although initially occupying only the land east of the
12031:
11863:
The Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
11651:
Abolished its commonwealth monarchy on August 1, 1976.
11604:
Assumed office on May 20, 1902 as President. Although
4045:
956:, ending Spanish territorial control in the Americas.
12367:
The Emancipation of Peru: British Eyewitness Accounts
12336:
Independence in Latin America: A Comparative Approach
12308:
Americanos: Latin America's Struggle for Independence
12240:. Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1994.
11494:. The Dominion of Canada was constituted through the
768:, a French slave colony, was the first to follow the
597:
in 1824, less than 1% of the soldiers were European.
12398:
The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808-1826, 2nd ed.
11775:
Latin American Independence: An Anthology of Sources
10998:
Assumed office on April 30, 1789 as President. From
8012:
1907–1934, a dependency of United Kingdom 1934–1949)
5519:
1985:
in Bermuda in 1995 resulted in a massive "no" vote.
1788:
925:. Unity was maintained for a short period under the
428:(1895–98). American intervention in 1898 became the
322:, aided by France and Spain, Britain's enemies. The
10576:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
9934:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
5561:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
2818:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
2142:
1609:(also Pedro IV of Portugal), son of the Portuguese
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
13048:
12438:. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1941.
12268:. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1980.
11158:
11156:
11154:
11152:
11150:
11031:was President on the date of France's recognition.
10964:For countries that became independent either as a
10695:
9995:, renamed "Federative Republic of Brazil" in 1967)
5676:
1981:and others, with differing amounts of support. An
1049:was signed in 1853, declaring the creation of the
11583:. This dominance would last until the end of the
11391:was President on the date of Spain's recognition.
11102:was President on the date of Spain's recognition.
11052:was President on the date of Spain's recognition.
10820:Predecessors of sovereign states in South America
9477:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
7506:'Free Associated State of Puerto Rico').
6146:
14418:
11353:Day. The date August 10, 1909 (when the city of
10727:
6878:annexed north-east Guatemala and made colony of
1448:The former Vice-royalty of the Río de la Plata,
820:(provinces) of the South American viceroyalties.
733:
684:acquire various other North American territories
14180:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
11773:Chambers, Sarah C., and John Charles Chasteen.
11736:
11573:Date marking the end of Spanish rule over Cuba.
11454:in 1822 as a Brazilian province under the name
11147:
7485:unincorporated and organized American territory
1506:on August 6, 1813, and besieging Monteverde at
467:
14160:Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
12296:(2nd edition). Oxford University Press, 1994.
11446:. Uruguay was formally annexed firstly by the
11136:and Venezuelan forces over the Spanish at the
11019:Not recognized by France until April 17, 1825.
10648:(renamed from "Republic of Venezuela" in 1999)
7234:between 1809 and 1821, a time period known as
847:, on the Spanish throne and captured the King
658:History of United States continental expansion
14385:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)
14105:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)
14012:
13443:
13034:
12464:
12445:. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
12375:Humphreys, R. A., and Lynch, John (editors).
11820:Sources for Latin America in the Modern World
11040:Not recognized by Spain until April 29, 1857.
6242:, ceded the eastern portion of the island of
3611:Gained independence from Spain, United States
276:
13371:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
11378:Not recognized by Spain until July 21, 1847.
11010:held the office on the date of independence.
7203:Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic
6683:
3911:
1525:demonstrated the key military role that the
440:(which are still U.S. territories), and the
14185:Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
14120:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)
12236:Andrien, Kenneth J. and Lyman, L. Johnson.
10913:are not listed here despite accusations of
9968:(renamed "United States of Brazil" in 1937)
3947:
1938:U.N. list of non-self-governing territories
1205:fully gain independence and became part of
1071:, along with the independence movements in
14355:Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)
14251:Central America-4 Border Control Agreement
14130:Central American Integration System (SICA)
14019:
14005:
13457:
13450:
13436:
13041:
13027:
12471:
12457:
12195:list of sovereign states by formation date
12138:list of sovereign states by formation date
11874:
11822:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
11708:"Pedro I | emperor of Brazil | Britannica"
11320:on February 9, 1822. On November 6, 1844,
11115:Day. The date July 20, 1810 (when Viceroy
10949:list of sovereign states by formation date
7455:from 1898 to 1900 and continuing under an
7322:Spain ceded Cuba to the United States via
6569:Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada
3998:
3694:Gained independence from the United States
2332:Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada
1124:Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada
861:and to rule American lands in the name of
432:and resulted in the United States gaining
283:
269:
12386:. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1951.
11444:Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental
9686:. Most of the present-day nations gained
9260:Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
8208:United States Military Government in Cuba
7533:, Central America including the whole of
2039:Learn how and when to remove this message
1209:, from which it withdrew in 1830. At the
978:, the Spanish colonial government of the
569:Spanish military presence in its colonies
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
14205:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
12371:https://sites.google.com/site/jhemanperu
11950:(2nd ed.). Blackwell. p. 404.
11945:
11780:
11274:held office on the date of independence.
7246:for 23 years until 1844, when it gained
6080:Gained independence from the Netherlands
1918:South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
1580:
1512:
1359:
1101:
1088:
1016:
812:
803:
702:in succeeding years under the mantle of
572:
11730:
11419:formally declared Brazil's independence
10566:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
9964:Republic of the United States of Brazil
9954:Republic of the United States of Brazil
9761:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
7523:in North America and their predecessors
7230:in 1795. Spain recaptured and held the
6483:
6427:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
3070:
1454:Treaty of Montevideo was signed in 1828
1450:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
1371:'s proclamation of the independence of
540:at different times, from 1799 to 1815.
14419:
12405:France and Latin American Independence
12292:Bushnell, David, and Macaulay, Neill.
12044:from the original on November 30, 2021
11718:from the original on February 10, 2023
11326:Constitution of the Dominican Republic
11189:
11187:
11185:
11183:
11181:
11130:Venezuelan Declaration of Independence
10885:Territorial evolution of the Caribbean
7969:Provisional Government of Saskatchewan
6411:, then regained independence in 1825.
6305:Spanish American wars of independence
4534:Gained independence from France, Spain
2431:Act of Independence of Central America
14452:Rebellions against the British Empire
14447:Rebellions against the Spanish Empire
14427:European colonization of the Americas
14175:Organization of American States (OAS)
14155:Latin American Economic System (SELA)
14115:Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
14042:Spanish American wars of independence
14000:
13431:
13022:
12452:
12070:in 1959, but some of the territories
12003:
11897:
11004:President of the Continental Congress
10985:in 1959, but some of the territories
10953:Spanish American wars of independence
10890:Spanish American wars of independence
794:Spanish American wars of independence
512:were a series of wars fought between
473:Undermining of metropolitan authority
400:declared independence in 1821 as the
364:Spanish American wars of independence
354:with France, which resulted from the
14462:Spanish colonization of the Americas
12951:Postcolonial international relations
12324:. Cambridge University Press, 1986.
12282:. Liverpool University Press, 2006.
10659:
7497:Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico
4147:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
2021:adding citations to reliable sources
1992:
1127:
1004:Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros
374:. After the royal court returned to
318:(1775–1783) was a victory against a
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
14026:
12892:— Predecessors of sovereign states
12181:Date of decolonization. Subsequent
12124:Date of decolonization. Subsequent
11777:. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub., 2010.
11737:Ossa Santa Cruz, Juan Luis (2010).
11178:
10935:Date of decolonization. Subsequent
10756:United Provinces of Central America
9253:Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
9103:Federal Republic of Central America
8859:Federal Republic of Central America
8650:Federal Republic of Central America
8468:Federal Republic of Central America
8129:Federal Republic of Central America
7334:in 1902. However, the terms of the
7001:Federal Republic of Central America
6940:Federal Republic of Central America
6872:Federal Republic of Central America
6797:Federal Republic of Central America
6736:Federal Republic of Central America
6031:United Provinces of Central America
5946:United Provinces of Central America
5861:United Provinces of Central America
5792:United Provinces of Central America
5723:United Provinces of Central America
4653:Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo
4046:World War I and immediate aftermath
2570:Federal Republic of Central America
2533:Federal Republic of Central America
2496:Federal Republic of Central America
2459:Federal Republic of Central America
2412:Federal Republic of Central America
2062:
520:) and alliances involving Britain,
13:
14084:Inter-American Commission of Women
12379:. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.
12338:(2nd edition). McGraw-Hill, 1994.
12230:
11946:Bakewell, Peter (September 2003).
10367:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
9835:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
9740:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
8341:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
8316:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
8188:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
7266:followed the end U.S. occupation.
7198:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
7145:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
6451:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
6397:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
6290:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
6229:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
5607:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
4719:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
4673:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
4627:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
4337:Occupation of the Falkland Islands
4254:Invasion of the Dominican Republic
2938:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
2864:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
2632:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
2199:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
1769:: from the United Kingdom, in 1983
1757:: from the United Kingdom, in 1981
1751:: from the United Kingdom, in 1979
1745:: from the United Kingdom, in 1979
1739:: from the United Kingdom, in 1978
1733:: from the United Kingdom, in 1974
1721:: from the United Kingdom, in 1966
1709:: from the United Kingdom, in 1962
1496:invaded Venezuela from New Granada
1443:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
980:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
787:
625:were raised by the Enlightenment.
493:
14:
14473:
14241:CARICOM Single Market and Economy
14215:United States Pirate Party (USPP)
12310:. Oxford University Press, 2008.
12009:A History of Modern Latin America
11843:from the original on May 14, 2017
11800:from the original on May 14, 2019
11425:as Brazil's date of independence.
10870:History of the Dominican Republic
10655:
5520:Gained independence from Portugal
3786:United States occupation of Haiti
1789:Current non-sovereign territories
1120:Spanish reconquest of New Granada
1067:Following upheaval caused by the
970:After the defeat of Spain in the
237:Colonization of the United States
14261:Eastern Caribbean Currency Union
13247:
13214:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
12913:Sovereign states formation dates
12362:. New York: Octagon Books, 1969.
11553:
11071:José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
10663:
10643:Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
10635:
10623:
10613:
10592:
10580:
10570:
10560:
10539:
10527:
10517:
10496:
10473:
10463:
10442:
10430:
10413:
10404:
10394:
10373:
10361:
10340:
10328:
10318:
10308:
10298:
10288:
10278:
10257:
10245:
10235:
10218:
10209:
10200:
10179:
10167:
10157:
10147:
10126:
10114:
10104:
10094:
10084:
10074:
10064:
10054:
10033:
10021:
10000:
9981:
9971:
9958:
9948:
9938:
9928:
9907:
9886:
9872:
9850:
9829:
9808:
9798:
9777:
9765:
9755:
9734:
9713:
9633:
9616:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9580:
9570:
9560:
9545:
9535:
9455:
9435:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
9427:
9420:
9415:
9398:
9387:
9376:
9365:
9361:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
9340:
9321:
9316:
9305:
9294:
9283:
9273:
9245:
9228:Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
9222:
9211:
9196:
9191:Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
9184:
9173:
9162:
9151:
9140:
9119:
9112:
9107:
9096:
9081:
9070:
9059:
9038:
9026:
9016:
9006:
8996:
8992:Provisional Government of Mexico
8986:
8976:
8966:
8934:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8886:
8878:
8871:
8864:
8852:
8837:
8826:
8815:
8787:
8780:
8770:
8749:
8739:
8722:
8712:
8702:
8697:
8676:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8643:
8628:
8617:
8606:
8581:
8562:
8557:
8546:
8536:
8527:
8517:
8489:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8461:
8446:
8428:
8410:
8389:
8376:
8366:
8355:
8345:
8335:
8325:
8320:
8310:
8289:
8270:
8259:
8245:
8224:
8212:
8202:
8192:
8181:
8160:
8148:
8138:
8133:
8122:
8107:
8089:
8071:
8039:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8016:
7994:
7984:
7947:
7937:
7920:
7910:
7899:
7887:
7876:
7859:
7831:
7816:
7806:
7785:
7772:
7759:
7742:
7721:
7709:
7704:
7693:
7664:
7645:
7634:
7617:
7600:
7512:
7418:
7413:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
7406:
7394:
7370:
7357:
7305:
7292:
7282:
7275:
7232:eastern portion of Santo Domingo
7191:
7178:
7166:
7138:
7125:
7115:
7087:
7074:
7064:
7035:
7022:
7012:
6978:
6966:
6951:
6917:
6905:
6890:
6849:
6837:
6821:
6808:
6774:
6762:
6747:
6713:
6701:
6685:
6656:
6643:
6631:
6603:
6591:
6579:
6551:
6539:
6527:
6499:
6485:
6472:
6444:
6432:
6420:
6390:
6377:
6367:
6339:
6327:
6315:
6283:
6271:
6259:
6222:
6209:
6198:
6186:
6123:
6105:
6055:
6042:
6023:
6010:
5986:
5974:
5957:
5938:
5925:
5901:
5889:
5872:
5853:
5840:
5816:
5803:
5784:
5771:
5747:
5734:
5715:
5702:
5631:
5618:
5594:
5566:
5548:
5493:
5480:
5467:
5433:
5420:
5407:
5381:
5368:
5355:
5329:
5316:
5303:
5277:
5264:
5259:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5251:
5225:
5212:
5199:
5173:
5160:
5147:
5121:
5108:
5095:
5069:
5056:
5043:
5017:
5004:
4991:
4965:
4952:
4939:
4913:
4900:
4887:
4861:
4848:
4835:
4807:
4794:
4781:
4724:
4706:
4678:
4660:
4632:
4608:
4580:
4562:
4502:
4489:
4476:
4460:
4424:
4411:
4374:
4360:
4324:
4310:
4241:
4228:
4165:
4134:
4098:
4085:
4017:
4004:
3966:
3953:
3883:
3865:
3837:
3819:
3791:
3773:
3745:
3727:
3657:
3639:
3584:
3558:
3545:
3519:
3506:
3488:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3480:
3454:
3428:
3415:
3402:
3376:
3363:
3350:
3324:
3311:
3285:
3272:
3244:
3231:
3205:
3192:
3166:
3153:
3127:
3114:
3101:
3072:
3059:
3046:
3018:
3006:
2995:
2984:
2971:
2943:
2925:
2887:
2874:
2851:
2823:
2805:
2772:
2739:
2710:
2696:
2664:
2650:
2619:
2586:
2563:
2549:
2526:
2512:
2489:
2475:
2452:
2438:
2405:
2391:
2353:
2339:
2305:
2291:
2258:
2232:
2204:
2186:
2158:
2144:
2125:
2105:July 4, 1776; September 3, 1783
2093:
2075:
1997:
1486:After the capitulation of 1812,
1344:José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
1279:, and the secular parish priest
1131:
647:
600:
252:
139:
57:"Decolonization of the Americas"
22:
14375:Free Trade Area of the Americas
14370:Economic Partnership Agreements
14322:Inter-American Development Bank
12391:Independence in Spanish America
12223:New York, Octagon Press, 1964 .
12213:
12200:
12175:
12166:
12156:
12143:
12118:
12109:
12099:
12090:
12077:
12056:
12025:
11997:
11973:
11964:
11939:
11680:
11663:
11654:
11645:
11632:
11619:
11598:
11566:
11538:
11525:
11509:
11484:
11475:
11465:
11428:
11407:
11394:
11381:
11372:
11360:
11343:
11331:
11310:
11298:
11286:
11277:
11261:
11252:
11236:
11227:
11211:
11169:
11122:
11105:
11092:
11075:
11055:
11043:
11034:
11022:
11013:
10992:
10971:
10958:
10929:
10920:
10902:
10788:Organization of American States
10696:United States and Great Britain
10547:Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
10265:Co-operative Republic of Guyana
8765:with Dominican Republic annexed
7826:(British self-governing colony)
7443:in 1898. The island became and
6357:Venezuelan wars of independence
5677:Gained independence from Mexico
2008:needs additional citations for
1975:political status of Puerto Rico
1670:
306:gained their independence from
33:needs additional citations for
14047:Decolonization of the Americas
13004:Decolonization of public space
12426:Latin American Research Review
11891:
11868:
11855:
11825:
11812:
11767:
11700:
11481:Celebrated as Restoration Day.
10810:Decolonization of public space
9894:Plurinational State of Bolivia
9077:Captaincy General of Guatemala
8833:Captaincy General of Guatemala
8624:Captaincy General of Guatemala
8435:Captaincy General of Guatemala
8096:Captaincy General of Guatemala
7105:Ecuadorian War of Independence
6985:Captaincy General of Guatemala
6924:Captaincy General of Guatemala
6856:Captaincy General of Guatemala
6781:Captaincy General of Guatemala
6720:Captaincy General of Guatemala
6462:Argentine wars of independence
6346:Captaincy General of Venezuela
6147:Gained independence from Spain
3265:Barbados Independence Act 1966
2732:Ecuadorian War of Independence
2418:Captaincy General of Guatemala
2380:Venezuelan War of Independence
2367:Captaincy General of Venezuela
1749:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1466:Venezuelan War of Independence
1196:Ecuadorian War of Independence
1110:sealed Colombia's independence
356:Napoleonic occupation of Spain
1:
14125:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
12819:Couronian (Polish-Lithuanian)
12428:(1997) 32#1 pp. 236–255
11898:Munro, Dana Gardiner (1918).
11751:(II): 413–448. Archived from
11693:
10728:Attempts at hemispheric unity
10008:Federative Republic of Brazil
9472:Province of Massachusetts Bay
7260:occupied by the United States
5587:Brazilian War of Independence
4699:Dominican War of Independence
2844:Brazilian War of Independence
2225:Argentine War of Independence
1406:, and who had disembarked in
966:Argentine War of Independence
734:Haiti and the French Antilles
13744:Central banks and currencies
12999:Christianity and colonialism
11581:another period of occupation
11460:Preliminary Peace Convention
11450:in 1821 and secondly by the
11202:Juan Vicente Villacorta Díaz
10840:Spanish reconquest of Mexico
10251:Commonwealth Realm of Guyana
9208:separated from 1882 to 1951)
8502:(before 1890 referred to as
8218:Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)
7340:another period of occupation
6621:Peruvian War of Independence
6517:Chilean wars of independence
4269:
4188:
3698:
2798:Bolivian War of Independence
2765:Peruvian War of Independence
1930:United States Virgin Islands
1474:Second Republic of Venezuela
1459:
1433:Following the events of the
1356:Peruvian War of Independence
1313:Army of the Three Guarantees
1301:Spanish Constitution of 1812
1228:
1063:Bolivian War of Independence
959:
923:Army of the Three Guarantees
772:to independence, during the
468:Conditions before revolution
338:colonies in the Americas. A
7:
14312:Central American Parliament
13701:Liberalism and conservatism
12967:Decolonization of knowledge
12890:Wars of national liberation
12407:. New York, Octagon, 1967.
12403:Robertson, William Spence.
12064:acquisition in the Americas
11881:A Guide to Andean Countries
11677:served as Acting President.
10979:acquisition in the Americas
10850:Wars of national liberation
10815:Wars of national liberation
10793:
10705:and the Secretary of State
10600:Eastern Republic of Uruguay
9146:Colony of Saint Christopher
9066:Real Audiencia of Guatemala
8822:Real Audiencia of Guatemala
8613:Real Audiencia of Guatemala
8417:Real Audiencia of Guatemala
8168:Second Costa Rican Republic
8078:Real Audiencia of Guatemala
7729:Commonwealth of the Bahamas
7489:Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
7481:Constitution of Puerto Rico
7477:Jones-Sheffield Act of 1917
7445:American overseas territory
7156:Bolivia war of independence
6674:Mexican War of Independence
6322:First Republic of Venezuela
2612:Mexican War of Independence
2284:Chilean War of Independence
2216:May 25, 1810; July 9, 1816
1988:
1470:First Republic of Venezuela
1423:Peru-Bolivian Confederation
1327:
1255:Mexican War of Independence
1169:Chilean War of Independence
1097:
915:Mexican War of Independence
666:declared independence from
551:and installed his brother,
372:French invasion of Portugal
10:
14478:
14307:Caribbean Development Bank
14302:Caribbean Court of Justice
14256:Central America-4 passport
14057:North American integration
14052:Latin American integration
13696:International peacekeeping
13503:Latin American integration
11985:Peacekeeping 1815 to Today
11948:A History of Latin America
11117:Antonio José Amar y Borbón
10855:History of Central America
10845:Spanish American Royalists
10734:Latin American integration
10731:
10619:Viceroyalty of New Granada
10523:Viceroyalty of New Granada
10489:Kingdom of the Netherlands
10410:Governorate of New Castile
10294:Viceroyalty of New Granada
10163:Viceroyalty of New Granada
10080:Viceroyalty of New Granada
10027:Captaincy General of Chile
9527:Province of South Carolina
9522:Province of North Carolina
8154:First Costa Rican Republic
7959:Colony of Vancouver Island
7953:Colony of British Columbia
7563:American Revolutionary War
7094:Viceroyalty of New Granada
7042:Viceroyalty of New Granada
6558:Viceroyalty of New Granada
6506:Captaincy General of Chile
6266:First Republic of Paraguay
4828:American Revolutionary War
4518:Operation Uphold Democracy
2678:Viceroyalty of New Granada
2319:Viceroyalty of New Granada
2271:Captaincy General of Chile
2202:
2114:American Revolutionary War
1635:
1574:
1463:
1428:
1353:
1252:
1193:
1189:
1166:
1113:
1060:
1056:
1047:The Argentine Constitution
1039:General José de San Martín
963:
797:
791:
764:colonies in the Americas.
737:
673:American Revolutionary War
651:
604:
562:Cádiz Constitution of 1812
497:
424:(1879-80) and finally the
316:American Revolutionary War
14393:
14345:
14337:South American Parliament
14327:Latin American Parliament
14284:
14223:
14097:
14034:
13976:
13926:
13917:
13835:
13783:
13776:
13727:
13718:
13668:
13661:
13644:
13637:
13577:
13526:
13475:
13466:
13389:
13356:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
13256:
13245:
13057:
12959:
12921:
12880:
12745:
12665:
12637:
12628:
12593:
12541:
12501:
12494:
12365:Higgins, James (editor).
12252:From Independence to 1870
11875:Fuertes Medina, Aurelia.
11589:Carlos Manuel de Céspedes
11306:Republic of Spanish Haiti
11142:Republic of Gran Colombia
10419:Governorate of New Toledo
10334:United States of Colombia
10120:United States of Colombia
9804:Governorate of New Toledo
9556:Republic of Indian Stream
9467:Province of New Hampshire
8351:Republic of Spanish Haiti
8198:Captaincy General of Cuba
7977:republic defeated in the
7916:United Province of Canada
7353:
7312:Captaincy General of Cuba
7256:Second Dominican Republic
7240:Republic of Spanish Haiti
7173:Second Dominican Republic
6629:
4745:Dominican Restoration War
4621:Republic of Spanish Haiti
4114:
4096:
3912:1907–1919 (miscellaneous)
3600:Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw
3556:
3426:
3413:
3125:
3094:Cuban War of Independence
3066:Captaincy General of Cuba
2964:Dominican Restoration War
2785:Real Audiencia of Charcas
2676:
2429:
2416:
2220:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
2197:
2069:Independence won through
1900:Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1692:From the United Kingdom:
1631:
1570:
1281:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
1248:
752:had profound effects on
426:Cuban War of Independence
414:Dominican Restoration War
402:Republic of Spanish Haiti
14457:Decolonization by region
13376:Turks and Caicos Islands
12306:Chasteen, John Charles.
11415:Treaty of Rio de Janeiro
11322:after months of fighting
11222:José María Castro Madriz
10895:
10860:History of South America
9654:, however, the whole of
9624:United States of America
9551:Republic of West Florida
9497:Province of Pennsylvania
9382:British Windward Islands
9300:British Windward Islands
8972:Viceroyalty of New Spain
8708:Colony of Saint-Domingue
8542:British Windward Islands
8331:Colony of Saint-Domingue
8297:Commonwealth of Dominica
8144:Free State of Costa Rica
8000:Dominion of Newfoundland
7906:Province of Lower Canada
7894:Province of Upper Canada
7769:(separated Crown colony)
7754:British Windward Islands
7264:Third Dominican Republic
7252:First Dominican Republic
6037:Viceroyalty of New Spain
5952:Viceroyalty of New Spain
5867:Viceroyalty of New Spain
5798:Viceroyalty of New Spain
5729:Viceroyalty of New Spain
5272:British Windward Islands
5220:British Windward Islands
5168:British Windward Islands
5116:British Windward Islands
4523:1991 Haitian coup d'état
3423:British Windward Islands
3332:British Windward Islands
2599:Viceroyalty of New Spain
1969:départements d'outre-mer
1924:Turks and Caicos Islands
1261:Viceroyalty of New Spain
1221:on 24 May 1822, General
1162:
724:Northwestern confederacy
664:United States of America
14442:History of the Americas
14380:G3 Free Trade Agreement
14145:Contadora support group
13931:Countries by population
13488:Portuguese colonization
12908:Independence referendum
12443:The Latin-American Mind
12320:Costeloe, Michael P. .
11918:Oxford University Press
11837:Encyclopædia Britannica
11640:Independence of Jamaica
11268:Francisco Zelaya y Ayes
11218:Braulio Carrillo Colina
11194:Pedro Molina Mazariegos
10324:Granadine Confederation
10314:Republic of New Granada
10110:Granadine Confederation
10100:Republic of New Granada
9987:United States of Brazil
9977:United States of Brazil
9771:Argentine Confederation
9404:Colony of Saint Vincent
9371:Colony of Saint Vincent
9202:British Leeward Islands
9179:British Leeward Islands
9157:British Leeward Islands
8497:Republic of El Salvador
8255:British Leeward Islands
7943:North-Western Territory
7767:(1885–1958; 1962–1966)
7629:British Leeward Islands
7625:(1671–1816; 1833–1958)
7612:British Leeward Islands
7608:(1671–1816; 1833–1958)
7483:, the island became an
7324:Treaty of Paris of 1898
7055:(Bloodless revolution)
5488:British Leeward Islands
5376:British Leeward Islands
4596:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
4406:
3979:Occupation of Nicaragua
3566:British Leeward Islands
2174:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
1983:independence referendum
1647:Rebellions of 1837–1838
1349:
1336:gained its independence
843:installed his brother,
460:) as fully constituent
14432:Independence movements
14110:Andean Community (CAN)
13805:Latin American studies
13291:British Virgin Islands
13049:Decolonization of the
12066:was in 1935, the last
11500:Statute of Westminster
11496:Constitution Act, 1867
11198:Antonio Rivera Cabezas
10981:was in 1935, the last
10875:History of Puerto Rico
9648:and their predecessors
9492:Province of New Jersey
9394:West Indies Federation
9312:West Indies Federation
9279:Colony of Sainte Lucie
9218:West Indies Federation
8553:West Indies Federation
8266:West Indies Federation
8257:1871–1958) (1763–1958)
7779:West Indies Federation
7641:West Indies Federation
7496:
7053:Independence of Panama
6165:Pre-independence name
5657:Juan Antonio Lavalleja
4295:Subsequently annexed?
4214:Subsequently annexed?
4071:Subsequently annexed?
4030:Occupation of Veracruz
3937:Subsequently annexed?
3039:Canadian Confederation
2908:Juan Antonio Lavalleja
1822:British Virgin Islands
1773:From the Netherlands:
1638:Canadian Confederation
1594:
1577:Independence of Brazil
1518:
1480:Encyclopedia Americana
1379:
1140:This section is empty.
1111:
1094:
1086:, on 9 December 1824.
1022:
974:and the abdication of
863:Ferdinand VII of Spain
821:
810:
728:Tecumseh's Confederacy
578:
232:Colonization of Canada
14406:Pan-American Congress
13204:Saint Kitts and Nevis
12382:Kaufman, William W..
12072:remain unincorporated
11436:Battle of Las Piedras
11050:Justo José de Urquiza
10987:remain unincorporated
9993:military dictatorship
9692:presidential republic
9327:Colony of Saint Lucia
9289:Colony of Saint Lucia
9240:separated since 1980)
9136:Saint Kitts and Nevis
9127:Republic of Nicaragua
9046:United Mexican States
9022:United Mexican States
9002:United Mexican States
8684:Republic of Guatemala
7715:Colony of the Bahamas
7700:Colony of the Bahamas
7579:presidential republic
7565:; most of nations in
5663:Battle of Las Piedras
5652:José Gervasio Artigas
5542:War for independence
5475:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5085:Lynden Oscar Pindling
4775:War for independence
4648:José Núñez de Cáceres
4556:War for independence
3633:War for independence
3592:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2913:Battle of Las Piedras
2903:José Gervasio Artigas
2640:José Núñez de Cáceres
2166:French First Republic
1954:dependent territories
1767:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1584:
1516:
1439:José Gervasio Artigas
1363:
1223:Antonio José de Sucre
1105:
1092:
1043:San Miguel de Tucumán
1020:
872:and the ideas of the
816:
807:
798:Further information:
638:José Caridad González
634:José Leonardo Chirino
576:
462:Departments of France
131:European colonization
14271:Interoceanic Highway
13759:Water and sanitation
13483:Spanish colonization
12936:Internal colonialism
12434:Whitaker, Arthur P.
11887:on December 1, 1998.
11877:"History of Ecuador"
11067:Pedro Juan Caballero
10915:American imperialism
10504:Republic of Suriname
10381:Republic of Paraguay
10134:Republic of Colombia
10060:Muisca Confederation
9640:list of all present
9517:Province of Carolina
9507:Province of Maryland
9487:Province of New York
9375:(since 1838 part of
9293:(since 1838 part of
9172:(since 1833 part of
9150:(since 1833 part of
8894:Republic of Honduras
8535:(1763–1958) part of
8504:Republic of Salvador
7979:North-West Rebellion
7932:Hudson's Bay Company
7930:(a territory of the
7519:list of all present
7473:American citizenship
7465:American nationality
7441:Spanish-American War
7346:on January 1, 1959.
7332:First Cuban Republic
7328:Spanish-American War
7218:ceded the island of
6638:First Mexican Empire
6586:Protectorate of Peru
6099:First head of state
6062:First Mexican Empire
5993:First Mexican Empire
5908:First Mexican Empire
5823:First Mexican Empire
5754:First Mexican Empire
5696:First head of state
5539:First head of state
5189:Louis Cools-Lartigue
4877:Alexander Bustamante
4772:First head of state
4553:First head of state
4393:Grenadian Revolution
3740:Santo Domingo Affair
3718:First head of state
3686:Spanish–American War
3630:First head of state
3143:Alexander Bustamante
2066:First head of state
2017:improve this article
1854:(Kingdom of Denmark)
1655:Prince Edward Island
946:Spanish–American War
931:Mexican-American War
927:First Mexican Empire
878:American Revolutions
630:massive slave revolt
430:Spanish–American War
42:improve this article
14332:Mercosur Parliament
13493:French colonization
13381:U.S. Virgin Islands
13224:Trinidad and Tobago
13069:Antigua and Barbuda
12994:Uncontacted peoples
12845:Mostly contiguous:
12719:settler colonialism
12684:Chartered companies
12358:Hasbrouck, Alfred.
12264:Burns, Bradford E.
12208:Commonwealth realms
12151:Commonwealth realms
11987:(1995) pp 612–619;
11979:Nilton Freixinho, "
11755:on February 1, 2016
11614:Manuel Urrutia Lleó
11351:Battle of Pichincha
10533:British West Indies
10513:Trinidad and Tobago
10485:constituent country
10479:Country of Suriname
10436:Viceroyalty of Peru
10284:Viceroyalty of Peru
10206:Colony of Essequibo
10187:Republic of Ecuador
10153:Viceroyalty of Peru
10070:Viceroyalty of Peru
9880:Republic of Bolivia
9856:Viceroyalty of Peru
9814:Viceroyalty of Peru
9719:Viceroyalty of Peru
9674:; and later by the
9576:California Republic
9532:Province of Georgia
9258:(also known as the
7990:Newfoundland Colony
7672:Antigua and Barbuda
7596:Antigua and Barbuda
7479:. In 1952, via the
7469:Foraker Act of 1900
7453:military government
7451:, starting under a
7425:Spanish East Indies
6610:Viceroyalty of Peru
6152:
6068:September 15, 1821
5999:September 15, 1821
5914:September 15, 1821
5829:September 15, 1821
5760:September 15, 1821
5612:Cisplatina Province
5505:September 19, 1983
5363:Antigua and Barbuda
5341:September 21, 1981
4908:Trinidad and Tobago
4895:Trinidad and Tobago
4588:First French Empire
4388:Invasion of Grenada
4277:Occupied territory
4259:Dominican Civil War
4196:Occupied territory
4111:Occupation of Haiti
4053:Occupied territory
3919:Occupied territory
3878:Dominican Civil War
3849:September 18, 1924
3761:Juan Isidro Jiminez
3681:Tomás Estrada Palma
3596:September 19, 1983
3553:Antigua and Barbuda
3531:September 21, 1981
3174:Trinidad and Tobago
3161:Trinidad and Tobago
3089:Tomás Estrada Palma
2869:Cisplatina Province
2752:Viceroyalty of Peru
2603:September 27, 1821
2575:September 15, 1821
2538:September 15, 1821
2501:September 15, 1821
2464:September 15, 1821
2422:September 15, 1821
1952:are not considered
1755:Antigua and Barbuda
1707:Trinidad and Tobago
1510:in September 1813.
1384:Viceroyalty of Peru
1375:on 28 July 1821 in
1305:Agustín de Iturbide
1269:José de Iturrigaray
1213:, near present-day
1211:Battle of Pichincha
933:from 1846 to 1848.
919:Agustín de Iturbide
708:settler colonialism
654:American Revolution
607:Enlightenment Spain
312:American Revolution
125:Part of a series on
14401:Pan American Games
14074:José de San Martín
13827:Race and ethnicity
13793:Illegal drug trade
13134:Dominican Republic
12989:Indigenous peoples
12732:Non-self-governing
12369:, 2014. Online at
12085:Rebellions of 1837
11920:. pp. 24–28.
11796:. April 29, 2009.
11712:www.britannica.com
11533:Rebellions of 1837
11243:Mariano Rivera Paz
11138:Battle of Carabobo
10966:Commonwealth realm
10825:Creole nationalism
10744:Congress of Panama
10715:Western Hemisphere
10675:. You can help by
10412:(1528–1542) &
10348:Republic of Panama
10224:Colony of Demerara
10217:(1627–1815) &
9785:Argentine Republic
9590:Republic of Hawaii
9512:Colony of Virginia
9482:Connecticut Colony
9442:Commonwealth realm
9353:Commonwealth realm
8949:Commonwealth realm
8594:Commonwealth realm
8397:Dominican Republic
8372:Dominican Republic
8306:Dominican Republic
8251:Colony of Dominica
8058:Dominion of Canada
7882:Province of Quebec
7846:Commonwealth realm
7765:Colony of Barbados
7748:Colony of Barbados
7679:Commonwealth realm
7457:insular government
7326:at the end of the
7186:Dominican Republic
7121:Bolivian Republic
6248:Dominican Republic
6217:Dominican Republic
6151:
6135:November 25, 1975
6096:Independence date
5693:Independence date
5578:September 7, 1822
5536:Independence date
5509:Robert L. Bradshaw
5428:Dominion of Canada
5397:Vere Cornwall Bird
5345:George Cadle Price
5237:February 22, 1979
5137:Eric Matthew Gairy
5029:November 30, 1966
4819:September 3, 1783
4769:Independence date
4714:Dominican Republic
4690:February 27, 1844
4668:Dominican Republic
4644:November 20, 1821
4616:Dominican Republic
4601:Haitian Revolution
4550:Independence date
4437:Invasion of Panama
4236:Dominican Republic
4220:Dominican Republic
4178:Sugar Intervention
4142:Dominican Republic
4126:Dominican Republic
4035:Mexican Revolution
3895:September 3, 1965
3873:Dominican Republic
3827:Dominican Republic
3757:February 11, 1904
3735:Dominican Republic
3715:Independence date
3627:Independence date
3535:George Cadle Price
3466:February 22, 1979
3388:November 25, 1975
3256:November 30, 1966
3085:December 10, 1898
2991:Province of Canada
2933:Dominican Republic
2682:November 28, 1821
2636:November 20, 1821
2627:Dominican Republic
2384:Battle of Carabobo
2279:Bernardo O'Higgins
2275:February 12, 1818
2179:Haitian Revolution
2063:Independence date
1622:Napoleon Bonaparte
1620:. This began when
1595:
1519:
1517:Battle of Carabobo
1412:Battle of Ayacucho
1380:
1369:José de San Martín
1297:Guadalupe Victoria
1289:José María Morelos
1112:
1095:
1084:Battle of Ayacucho
1051:Argentine Republic
1023:
1021:José de San Martín
976:King Ferdinand VII
908:War of the Pacific
899:José de San Martín
822:
811:
778:Napoleon Bonaparte
774:Haitian Revolution
750:French Revolutions
740:Haitian Revolution
595:Battle of Ayacucho
579:
518:Napoleon Bonaparte
442:Philippine Islands
348:Haitian Revolution
340:revolutionary wave
259:History portal
14414:
14413:
14297:Bank of the South
14292:Andean Parliament
13994:
13993:
13972:
13971:
13968:
13967:
13772:
13771:
13764:Wealth inequality
13714:
13713:
13686:Drug legalization
13681:Conservative wave
13657:
13656:
13633:
13632:
13610:League of Nations
13578:Foreign relations
13425:
13424:
13016:
13015:
13012:
13011:
12797:Overseas, minor:
12759:Overseas, major:
12624:
12623:
12561:European colonies
12420:978-0-8166-0709-9
12389:Kinsbruner, Jay.
12334:Graham, Richard.
12330:978-0-521-32083-2
12316:978-0-19-517881-4
12274:978-0-520-04160-8
12250:Bethell, Leslie.
12246:978-0-8263-1489-5
11788:"Timeline: Haiti"
11448:Portuguese Empire
11440:Portuguese Empire
11029:Jean-Pierre Boyer
11000:September 5, 1774
10880:Age of Revolution
10707:John Quincy Adams
10693:
10692:
10653:
10652:
10469:Colony of Surinam
10041:Republic of Chile
9652:Isthmus of Panama
9631:
9630:
9586:Kingdom of Hawaii
9566:Republic of Texas
9461:Thirteen Colonies
9355:) (1979–present)
8928:Colony of Jamaica
8795:Republic of Haiti
8755:Republic of Haiti
8596:) (1974–present)
7651:Colony of Antigua
7623:Colony of Barbuda
7606:Colony of Antigua
7531:Caribbean Islands
7527:Isthmus of Panama
7510:
7509:
7505:
7262:for 8 years. The
6144:
6143:
6077:
6076:
6033:
5948:
5863:
5794:
5725:
5674:
5673:
5647:August 27, 1828
5574:Portuguese Empire
5517:
5516:
5449:John A. Macdonald
5393:November 1, 1981
5289:October 27, 1979
5185:November 3, 1978
5133:February 7, 1974
4823:George Washington
4802:Thirteen Colonies
4750:
4749:
4740:José María Cabral
4694:Juan Pablo Duarte
4623:
4531:
4530:
4267:
4266:
4186:
4185:
4043:
4042:
3909:
3908:
3691:
3690:
3677:
3673:
3672:December 10, 1898
3608:
3607:
3570:November 1, 1981
3492:October 27, 1979
3440:November 3, 1978
3336:February 7, 1974
3034:John A. Macdonald
2959:José María Cabral
2831:Portuguese Empire
2756:December 9, 1824
2720:
2674:
2572:
2535:
2498:
2461:
2414:
2363:
2315:
2251:Paraguay campaign
2152:Kingdom of France
2118:Siege of Yorktown
2109:George Washington
2088:Thirteen Colonies
2049:
2048:
2041:
1478:According to the
1321:treaty in Córdoba
1160:
1159:
616:The Enlightenment
480:absolute monarchy
324:French Revolution
293:
292:
118:
117:
110:
92:
14469:
14347:Free trade areas
14236:CARICOM passport
14190:Pacific Alliance
14021:
14014:
14007:
13998:
13997:
13948:Spanish language
13924:
13923:
13781:
13780:
13725:
13724:
13666:
13665:
13642:
13641:
13508:Great Depression
13473:
13472:
13452:
13445:
13438:
13429:
13428:
13346:Saint Barthélemy
13306:Falkland Islands
13251:
13043:
13036:
13029:
13020:
13019:
12960:Related concepts
12901:in South America
12809:Austro-Hungarian
12747:Colonial empires
12657:Age of Discovery
12647:Maritime history
12635:
12634:
12499:
12498:
12473:
12466:
12459:
12450:
12449:
12278:Brown, Matthew.
12224:
12217:
12211:
12204:
12198:
12179:
12173:
12170:
12164:
12160:
12154:
12147:
12141:
12122:
12116:
12113:
12107:
12103:
12097:
12094:
12088:
12081:
12075:
12060:
12054:
12053:
12051:
12049:
12029:
12023:
12022:
12001:
11995:
11977:
11971:
11968:
11962:
11961:
11943:
11937:
11936:
11934:
11932:
11895:
11889:
11888:
11883:. Archived from
11872:
11866:
11859:
11853:
11852:
11850:
11848:
11829:
11823:
11816:
11810:
11809:
11807:
11805:
11784:
11778:
11771:
11765:
11764:
11762:
11760:
11734:
11728:
11727:
11725:
11723:
11704:
11687:
11684:
11678:
11667:
11661:
11658:
11652:
11649:
11643:
11636:
11630:
11623:
11617:
11602:
11596:
11585:Cuban Revolution
11570:
11564:
11559:
11557:
11556:
11542:
11536:
11529:
11523:
11513:
11507:
11488:
11482:
11479:
11473:
11469:
11463:
11452:Empire of Brazil
11432:
11426:
11411:
11405:
11402:Empire of Brazil
11398:
11392:
11385:
11379:
11376:
11370:
11367:Juan José Flores
11364:
11358:
11347:
11341:
11335:
11329:
11318:annexed by Haiti
11314:
11308:
11302:
11296:
11290:
11284:
11281:
11275:
11272:José Lino Matute
11265:
11259:
11256:
11250:
11240:
11234:
11231:
11225:
11215:
11209:
11206:Vicente Filisola
11191:
11176:
11173:
11167:
11160:
11145:
11126:
11120:
11113:Battle of Boyacá
11109:
11103:
11096:
11090:
11083:Government Junta
11079:
11073:
11063:Fulgencio Yegros
11059:
11053:
11047:
11041:
11038:
11032:
11026:
11020:
11017:
11011:
10996:
10990:
10975:
10969:
10962:
10956:
10933:
10927:
10924:
10918:
10906:
10688:
10685:
10667:
10660:
10641:
10639:
10638:
10627:
10617:
10598:
10596:
10595:
10586:Empire of Brazil
10584:
10574:
10564:
10545:
10543:
10542:
10531:
10521:
10502:
10500:
10499:
10477:
10467:
10450:Republic of Peru
10448:
10446:
10445:
10434:
10425:Spanish colonies
10417:
10408:
10398:
10379:
10377:
10376:
10365:
10346:
10344:
10343:
10332:
10322:
10312:
10302:
10292:
10282:
10263:
10261:
10260:
10249:
10239:
10222:
10213:
10204:
10185:
10183:
10182:
10171:
10161:
10151:
10132:
10130:
10129:
10118:
10108:
10098:
10088:
10078:
10068:
10058:
10039:
10037:
10036:
10025:
10006:
10004:
10003:
9985:
9975:
9962:
9952:
9944:Empire of Brazil
9942:
9932:
9911:
9892:
9890:
9889:
9878:
9876:
9875:
9854:
9833:
9824:Crown of Castile
9812:
9802:
9783:
9781:
9780:
9769:
9759:
9738:
9729:Crown of Castile
9717:
9700:Sovereign state
9697:
9696:
9642:sovereign states
9622:
9620:
9619:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9584:
9574:
9564:
9549:
9541:Vermont Republic
9539:
9459:
9433:
9431:
9430:
9424:
9419:
9410:Associated State
9402:
9391:
9380:
9369:
9346:
9344:
9343:
9333:Associated State
9325:
9320:
9309:
9298:
9287:
9277:
9251:
9249:
9248:
9234:Associated State
9226:
9215:
9200:
9188:
9177:
9166:
9155:
9144:
9125:
9123:
9122:
9116:
9111:
9100:
9085:
9074:
9063:
9044:
9042:
9041:
9030:
9020:
9012:Mexican Republic
9010:
9000:
8990:
8980:
8970:
8940:
8938:
8937:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8892:
8890:
8889:
8883:
8882:
8876:
8875:
8869:
8868:
8856:
8841:
8830:
8819:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8784:
8774:
8753:
8745:Kingdom of Haiti
8743:
8726:
8716:
8706:
8701:
8682:
8680:
8679:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8647:
8632:
8621:
8610:
8587:
8585:
8584:
8574:Associated State
8566:
8561:
8550:
8540:
8531:
8521:
8495:
8493:
8492:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8465:
8450:
8432:
8414:
8395:
8393:
8392:
8380:
8370:
8359:
8349:
8339:
8329:
8324:
8314:
8295:
8293:
8292:
8282:Associated State
8274:
8263:
8249:
8232:Republic of Cuba
8230:
8228:
8227:
8216:
8206:
8196:
8185:
8166:
8164:
8163:
8152:
8142:
8137:
8126:
8111:
8093:
8075:
8054:Second World War
8045:
8043:
8042:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8020:
8019:
7998:
7988:
7963:British Columbia
7951:
7941:
7924:
7914:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7892:
7891:
7890:
7880:
7863:
7837:
7835:
7834:
7820:
7812:British Honduras
7810:
7791:
7789:
7788:
7776:
7763:
7746:
7727:
7725:
7724:
7713:
7708:
7698:
7697:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7657:Associated State
7649:
7638:
7621:
7604:
7587:Sovereign state
7584:
7583:
7545:: Mainly by the
7521:sovereign states
7500:
7461:civil government
7423:
7422:
7411:
7410:
7399:
7398:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7363:
7361:
7360:
7344:Cuban Revolution
7310:
7309:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7280:
7279:
7278:
7196:
7195:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7171:
7170:
7143:
7142:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7120:
7119:
7092:
7091:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7040:
7039:
7028:
7026:
7025:
7017:
7016:
7015:
6983:
6982:
6971:
6970:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6922:
6921:
6910:
6909:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6880:British Honduras
6854:
6853:
6842:
6841:
6827:
6825:
6824:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6779:
6778:
6767:
6766:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6718:
6717:
6706:
6705:
6695:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6661:
6660:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6608:
6607:
6596:
6595:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6556:
6555:
6544:
6543:
6532:
6531:
6530:
6504:
6503:
6495:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6449:
6448:
6437:
6436:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6409:Empire of Brazil
6395:
6394:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6372:
6371:
6344:
6343:
6332:
6331:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6288:
6287:
6276:
6275:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6227:
6226:
6225:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6191:
6190:
6189:
6153:
6150:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6084:
6083:
6060:
6059:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6020:
6016:
6014:
6013:
5991:
5990:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5935:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5906:
5905:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5850:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5821:
5820:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5781:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5752:
5751:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5712:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5681:
5680:
5639:Empire of Brazil
5637:
5635:
5634:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5524:
5523:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5324:British Honduras
5322:
5320:
5319:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5010:
5008:
5007:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4925:August 31, 1962
4919:
4917:
4916:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4757:
4756:
4736:August 16, 1865
4730:
4728:
4727:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4592:January 1, 1804
4586:
4584:
4583:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4538:
4537:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4320:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4301:Falkland Islands
4286:Occupying state
4274:
4273:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4205:Occupying state
4193:
4192:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4062:Occupying state
4050:
4049:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4000:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3928:Occupying state
3916:
3915:
3899:Joaquín Balaguer
3889:
3887:
3886:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3703:
3702:
3675:
3671:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3615:
3614:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3527:British Honduras
3525:
3523:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3178:August 31, 1962
3172:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3064:
3063:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2955:August 16, 1865
2949:
2947:
2946:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2899:August 27, 1828
2895:Empire of Brazil
2893:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2835:August 29, 1825
2829:
2827:
2826:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2170:January 1, 1804
2164:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2001:
1993:
1926:(United Kingdom)
1920:(United Kingdom)
1888:Saint Barthelemy
1872:(United Kingdom)
1842:(United Kingdom)
1840:Falkland Islands
1830:(United Kingdom)
1824:(United Kingdom)
1812:(United Kingdom)
1800:(United Kingdom)
1651:British Columbia
1523:José Tomás Boves
1500:war to the death
1340:Fulgencio Yegros
1293:Vicente Guerrero
1265:Joseph Bonaparte
1155:
1152:
1142:You can help by
1135:
1128:
1108:Battle of Boyacá
938:Greater Antilles
936:In 1898, in the
845:Joseph Bonaparte
720:Indian Territory
704:Manifest Destiny
591:Rafael del Riego
553:Joseph Bonaparte
391:Brazilian Empire
285:
278:
271:
257:
256:
255:
143:
122:
121:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
14477:
14476:
14472:
14471:
14470:
14468:
14467:
14466:
14417:
14416:
14415:
14410:
14389:
14341:
14280:
14231:Andean passport
14219:
14165:Lima Group (LG)
14140:Contadora group
14093:
14030:
14028:Pan-Americanism
14025:
13995:
13990:
13964:
13953:Latin Americans
13913:
13831:
13768:
13749:Stock exchanges
13710:
13653:
13629:
13573:
13522:
13462:
13456:
13426:
13421:
13399:Central America
13385:
13260:
13252:
13243:
13060:
13053:
13047:
13017:
13008:
12955:
12941:Nation-building
12923:Postcolonialism
12917:
12876:
12749:
12741:
12714:detribalization
12689:Interventionism
12661:
12630:
12620:
12589:
12537:
12490:
12477:
12441:Zea, Leopoldo.
12233:
12231:Further reading
12228:
12227:
12218:
12214:
12205:
12201:
12180:
12176:
12171:
12167:
12161:
12157:
12148:
12144:
12123:
12119:
12114:
12110:
12104:
12100:
12095:
12091:
12082:
12078:
12061:
12057:
12047:
12045:
12030:
12026:
12019:
12002:
11998:
11978:
11974:
11969:
11965:
11958:
11944:
11940:
11930:
11928:
11896:
11892:
11873:
11869:
11860:
11856:
11846:
11844:
11831:
11830:
11826:
11817:
11813:
11803:
11801:
11786:
11785:
11781:
11772:
11768:
11758:
11756:
11735:
11731:
11721:
11719:
11706:
11705:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11690:
11685:
11681:
11668:
11664:
11659:
11655:
11650:
11646:
11637:
11633:
11624:
11620:
11603:
11599:
11577:Platt Amendment
11571:
11567:
11554:
11552:
11543:
11539:
11530:
11526:
11514:
11510:
11504:Canada Act 1982
11489:
11485:
11480:
11476:
11470:
11466:
11433:
11429:
11412:
11408:
11399:
11395:
11386:
11382:
11377:
11373:
11365:
11361:
11348:
11344:
11336:
11332:
11315:
11311:
11303:
11299:
11291:
11287:
11282:
11278:
11266:
11262:
11257:
11253:
11241:
11237:
11232:
11228:
11216:
11212:
11192:
11179:
11174:
11170:
11161:
11148:
11127:
11123:
11110:
11106:
11097:
11093:
11085:was formed) is
11080:
11076:
11060:
11056:
11048:
11044:
11039:
11035:
11027:
11023:
11018:
11014:
10997:
10993:
10976:
10972:
10963:
10959:
10934:
10930:
10925:
10921:
10907:
10903:
10898:
10865:History of Cuba
10796:
10736:
10730:
10711:Monroe Doctrine
10698:
10689:
10683:
10680:
10673:needs expansion
10658:
10646:(1828–present)
10636:
10634:
10632:
10622:
10603:(1828–present)
10593:
10591:
10589:
10579:
10569:
10550:(1962–present)
10540:
10538:
10536:
10526:
10507:(1975–present)
10497:
10495:
10493:
10472:
10453:(1824–present)
10443:
10441:
10439:
10429:
10403:
10384:(1814–present)
10374:
10372:
10370:
10351:(1906–present)
10341:
10339:
10337:
10327:
10317:
10307:
10297:
10287:
10268:(1970–present)
10258:
10256:
10254:
10244:
10234:
10190:(1830–present)
10180:
10178:
10176:
10166:
10156:
10137:(1886–present)
10127:
10125:
10123:
10113:
10103:
10093:
10083:
10073:
10063:
10044:(1818–present)
10034:
10032:
10030:
10011:(1889–present)
10001:
9999:
9997:
9980:
9970:
9957:
9947:
9937:
9927:
9913:Colonial Brazil
9897:(2009–present)
9887:
9885:
9883:
9873:
9871:
9870:
9849:
9828:
9807:
9788:(1861–present)
9778:
9776:
9774:
9764:
9754:
9733:
9666:: First by the
9636:
9627:(1776–present)
9617:
9615:
9593:
9579:
9569:
9559:
9554:
9544:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9502:Delaware Colony
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9438:(1979–present)
9428:
9426:
9414:
9397:
9386:
9341:
9339:
9337:
9315:
9304:
9282:
9256:(1983–present)
9246:
9244:
9242:
9221:
9210:
9183:
9168:Colony of Nevis
9161:
9130:(1838–present)
9120:
9118:
9106:
9095:
9080:
9069:
9049:(1867–present)
9039:
9037:
9035:
9025:
9015:
9005:
8995:
8985:
8975:
8965:
8945:(1962–present)
8935:
8933:
8931:
8897:(1838–present)
8887:
8885:
8877:
8870:
8863:
8862:
8851:
8836:
8825:
8798:(1859–present)
8788:
8786:
8779:
8776:Empire of Haiti
8769:
8748:
8738:
8721:
8718:Empire of Haiti
8711:
8687:(1839–present)
8677:
8675:
8653:
8642:
8627:
8616:
8582:
8580:
8578:
8568:British Grenada
8556:
8545:
8533:British Grenada
8526:
8500:(1841–present)
8490:
8488:
8471:
8460:
8445:
8427:
8400:(1865–present)
8390:
8388:
8386:
8375:
8365:
8354:
8344:
8334:
8319:
8300:(1978–present)
8290:
8288:
8286:
8269:
8258:
8235:(1959–present)
8225:
8223:
8221:
8211:
8201:
8191:
8171:(1949–present)
8161:
8159:
8157:
8147:
8132:
8121:
8106:
8088:
8060:were also used)
8050:(1867–present)
8040:
8038:
8017:
8015:
8014:
7993:
7983:
7967:
7946:
7936:
7919:
7909:
7900:
7898:
7897:
7888:
7886:
7885:
7875:
7842:(1981–present)
7832:
7830:
7828:
7815:
7796:(1966–present)
7786:
7784:
7782:
7771:
7758:
7732:(1973–present)
7722:
7720:
7718:
7703:
7692:
7675:(1981–present)
7665:
7663:
7661:
7644:
7633:
7616:
7567:Central America
7529:, however, the
7515:
7449:Treaty of Paris
7417:
7405:
7393:
7371:
7369:
7358:
7356:
7336:Platt Amendment
7304:
7293:
7291:
7283:
7281:
7276:
7274:
7190:
7179:
7177:
7165:
7137:
7126:
7124:
7114:
7086:
7075:
7073:
7065:
7063:
7034:
7023:
7021:
7013:
7011:
6977:
6965:
6952:
6950:
6916:
6904:
6891:
6889:
6848:
6836:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6809:
6807:
6773:
6761:
6748:
6746:
6712:
6700:
6686:
6684:
6655:
6644:
6642:
6632:
6630:
6602:
6590:
6580:
6578:
6550:
6538:
6528:
6526:
6498:
6486:
6484:
6473:
6471:
6443:
6431:
6421:
6419:
6389:
6378:
6376:
6366:
6338:
6326:
6316:
6314:
6282:
6270:
6260:
6258:
6223:
6221:
6210:
6208:
6199:
6197:
6187:
6185:
6167:(if different)
6149:
6124:
6122:
6106:
6104:
6093:Colonial power
6082:
6054:
6043:
6041:
6024:
6022:
6011:
6009:
5985:
5975:
5973:
5958:
5956:
5939:
5937:
5926:
5924:
5900:
5890:
5888:
5873:
5871:
5854:
5852:
5841:
5839:
5815:
5804:
5802:
5785:
5783:
5772:
5770:
5746:
5735:
5733:
5716:
5714:
5703:
5701:
5690:Colonial power
5679:
5632:
5630:
5619:
5617:
5595:
5593:
5567:
5565:
5549:
5547:
5533:Colonial power
5522:
5494:
5492:
5481:
5479:
5468:
5466:
5445:1867/1931/1982
5434:
5432:
5421:
5419:
5408:
5406:
5382:
5380:
5369:
5367:
5356:
5354:
5330:
5328:
5317:
5315:
5304:
5302:
5278:
5276:
5265:
5263:
5252:
5250:
5226:
5224:
5213:
5211:
5200:
5198:
5174:
5172:
5161:
5159:
5148:
5146:
5122:
5120:
5109:
5107:
5096:
5094:
5070:
5068:
5057:
5055:
5044:
5042:
5018:
5016:
5005:
5003:
4992:
4990:
4966:
4964:
4953:
4951:
4940:
4938:
4914:
4912:
4901:
4899:
4888:
4886:
4873:August 6, 1962
4862:
4860:
4849:
4847:
4836:
4834:
4808:
4806:
4795:
4793:
4782:
4780:
4766:Colonial power
4755:
4725:
4723:
4707:
4705:
4679:
4677:
4661:
4659:
4633:
4631:
4609:
4607:
4581:
4579:
4563:
4561:
4547:Colonial power
4536:
4514:
4503:
4501:
4490:
4488:
4477:
4475:
4461:
4459:
4425:
4423:
4412:
4410:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4361:
4359:
4325:
4323:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4292:Part of war(s)
4283:Occupied state
4272:
4242:
4240:
4229:
4227:
4211:Part of war(s)
4202:Occupied state
4191:
4166:
4164:
4135:
4133:
4099:
4097:
4086:
4084:
4068:Part of war(s)
4059:Occupied state
4048:
4018:
4016:
4005:
4003:
3967:
3965:
3954:
3952:
3934:Part of war(s)
3925:Occupied state
3914:
3884:
3882:
3866:
3864:
3853:Desiderio Arias
3838:
3836:
3820:
3818:
3803:August 1, 1934
3792:
3790:
3774:
3772:
3746:
3744:
3728:
3726:
3721:Part of war(s)
3712:Colonial power
3701:
3696:
3674:
3670:
3669:10 October 1868
3658:
3656:
3640:
3638:
3624:Colonial power
3613:
3585:
3583:
3559:
3557:
3546:
3544:
3520:
3518:
3507:
3505:
3481:
3479:
3455:
3453:
3429:
3427:
3416:
3414:
3403:
3401:
3377:
3375:
3364:
3362:
3351:
3349:
3325:
3323:
3312:
3310:
3301:Lynden Pindling
3286:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3245:
3243:
3232:
3230:
3206:
3204:
3193:
3191:
3167:
3165:
3154:
3152:
3139:August 6, 1962
3128:
3126:
3115:
3113:
3102:
3100:
3073:
3071:
3058:
3047:
3045:
3019:
3017:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2983:
2972:
2970:
2944:
2942:
2926:
2924:
2916:
2906:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2867:
2852:
2850:
2824:
2822:
2806:
2804:
2789:August 6, 1825
2773:
2771:
2740:
2738:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2697:
2695:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2651:
2649:
2620:
2618:
2587:
2585:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2550:
2548:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2513:
2511:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2476:
2474:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2439:
2437:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2392:
2390:
2371:June 24, 1821
2354:
2352:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2323:August 7, 1819
2306:
2304:
2301:
2292:
2290:
2259:
2257:
2233:
2231:
2205:
2203:
2187:
2185:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2143:
2126:
2124:
2094:
2092:
2076:
2074:
2060:Colonial power
2045:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2014:
2002:
1991:
1932:(United States)
1878:(United States)
1791:
1782:the Netherlands
1673:
1640:
1634:
1579:
1573:
1476:
1464:Main articles:
1462:
1431:
1404:Battle of Maipú
1390:and another in
1358:
1352:
1330:
1277:Ignacio Allende
1257:
1251:
1231:
1198:
1192:
1171:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1126:
1114:Main articles:
1100:
1065:
1059:
968:
962:
802:
796:
790:
788:Spanish America
742:
736:
660:
652:Main articles:
650:
613:
611:Bourbon Reforms
605:Main articles:
603:
571:
510:Napoleonic Wars
506:
500:Napoleonic Wars
498:Main articles:
496:
494:Napoleonic Wars
475:
470:
360:Spanish Creoles
300:of the Americas
289:
253:
251:
246:
133:of the Americas
132:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
14475:
14465:
14464:
14459:
14454:
14449:
14444:
14439:
14437:Decolonization
14434:
14429:
14412:
14411:
14409:
14408:
14403:
14397:
14395:
14391:
14390:
14388:
14387:
14382:
14377:
14372:
14367:
14362:
14357:
14351:
14349:
14343:
14342:
14340:
14339:
14334:
14329:
14324:
14319:
14314:
14309:
14304:
14299:
14294:
14288:
14286:
14282:
14281:
14279:
14278:
14273:
14268:
14263:
14258:
14253:
14248:
14243:
14238:
14233:
14227:
14225:
14221:
14220:
14218:
14217:
14212:
14207:
14202:
14197:
14192:
14187:
14182:
14177:
14172:
14167:
14162:
14157:
14152:
14147:
14142:
14137:
14132:
14127:
14122:
14117:
14112:
14107:
14101:
14099:
14095:
14094:
14092:
14091:
14086:
14081:
14076:
14071:
14066:
14059:
14054:
14049:
14044:
14038:
14036:
14032:
14031:
14024:
14023:
14016:
14009:
14001:
13992:
13991:
13989:
13988:
13983:
13977:
13974:
13973:
13970:
13969:
13966:
13965:
13963:
13962:
13961:
13960:
13950:
13945:
13940:
13939:
13938:
13927:
13921:
13915:
13914:
13912:
13911:
13906:
13905:
13904:
13899:
13889:
13884:
13879:
13874:
13869:
13864:
13859:
13858:
13857:
13847:
13841:
13839:
13833:
13832:
13830:
13829:
13824:
13819:
13814:
13809:
13808:
13807:
13797:
13796:
13795:
13784:
13778:
13774:
13773:
13770:
13769:
13767:
13766:
13761:
13756:
13751:
13746:
13741:
13740:
13739:
13728:
13722:
13716:
13715:
13712:
13711:
13709:
13708:
13703:
13698:
13693:
13688:
13683:
13678:
13672:
13670:
13663:
13659:
13658:
13655:
13654:
13652:
13651:
13645:
13639:
13635:
13634:
13631:
13630:
13628:
13627:
13622:
13620:United Kingdom
13617:
13612:
13607:
13602:
13597:
13592:
13587:
13581:
13579:
13575:
13574:
13572:
13571:
13566:
13561:
13556:
13551:
13546:
13541:
13536:
13530:
13528:
13524:
13523:
13521:
13520:
13515:
13510:
13505:
13500:
13498:Decolonization
13495:
13490:
13485:
13479:
13477:
13470:
13464:
13463:
13461: articles
13455:
13454:
13447:
13440:
13432:
13423:
13422:
13420:
13419:
13412:
13410:
13408:
13406:
13401:
13396:
13390:
13387:
13386:
13384:
13383:
13378:
13373:
13368:
13363:
13361:Sint Eustatius
13358:
13353:
13348:
13343:
13338:
13333:
13328:
13323:
13318:
13313:
13308:
13303:
13298:
13296:Cayman Islands
13293:
13288:
13283:
13278:
13273:
13267:
13265:
13254:
13253:
13246:
13244:
13242:
13241:
13236:
13231:
13226:
13221:
13216:
13211:
13206:
13201:
13196:
13191:
13186:
13181:
13176:
13171:
13166:
13161:
13156:
13151:
13146:
13141:
13136:
13131:
13126:
13121:
13116:
13111:
13106:
13101:
13096:
13091:
13086:
13081:
13076:
13071:
13065:
13063:
13055:
13054:
13046:
13045:
13038:
13031:
13023:
13014:
13013:
13010:
13009:
13007:
13006:
13001:
12996:
12991:
12986:
12981:
12976:
12969:
12963:
12961:
12957:
12956:
12954:
12953:
12948:
12946:Neocolonialism
12943:
12938:
12933:
12927:
12925:
12919:
12918:
12916:
12915:
12910:
12905:
12904:
12903:
12898:
12886:
12884:
12882:Decolonization
12878:
12877:
12875:
12874:
12869:
12864:
12859:
12854:
12849:
12842:
12841:
12836:
12831:
12826:
12821:
12816:
12811:
12806:
12801:
12794:
12793:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12773:
12768:
12763:
12756:
12754:
12743:
12742:
12740:
12739:
12734:
12728:
12727:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12701:
12691:
12686:
12681:
12671:
12669:
12663:
12662:
12660:
12659:
12654:
12643:
12641:
12632:
12626:
12625:
12622:
12621:
12619:
12618:
12613:
12608:
12603:
12597:
12595:
12594:Decolonization
12591:
12590:
12588:
12587:
12582:
12577:
12576:
12575:
12573:Southeast Asia
12565:
12564:
12563:
12553:
12547:
12545:
12539:
12538:
12536:
12535:
12526:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12505:
12503:
12496:
12492:
12491:
12488:neocolonialism
12484:decolonization
12476:
12475:
12468:
12461:
12453:
12447:
12446:
12439:
12432:
12422:
12410:Savelle, Max.
12408:
12401:
12394:
12387:
12380:
12373:
12363:
12356:
12346:
12332:
12318:
12304:
12290:
12276:
12262:
12248:
12232:
12229:
12226:
12225:
12212:
12199:
12174:
12165:
12155:
12142:
12117:
12108:
12098:
12089:
12076:
12055:
12024:
12017:
11996:
11972:
11963:
11956:
11938:
11890:
11867:
11854:
11824:
11811:
11779:
11766:
11747:(in Spanish).
11729:
11698:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11689:
11688:
11679:
11675:Edward Luckhoo
11662:
11653:
11644:
11631:
11627:Ten Years' War
11618:
11597:
11593:Ten Years' War
11565:
11537:
11524:
11520:Pierre Trudeau
11508:
11490:Celebrated as
11483:
11474:
11464:
11427:
11406:
11393:
11389:José Ballivián
11380:
11371:
11359:
11349:Celebrated as
11342:
11330:
11309:
11297:
11285:
11276:
11260:
11251:
11247:Rafael Carrera
11235:
11226:
11210:
11177:
11168:
11164:Mexican Empire
11146:
11121:
11111:Celebrated as
11104:
11091:
11074:
11054:
11042:
11033:
11021:
11012:
11008:Elias Boudinot
10991:
10970:
10957:
10928:
10919:
10900:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10893:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10830:Spanish Empire
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10805:Decolonization
10802:
10795:
10792:
10732:Main article:
10729:
10726:
10697:
10694:
10691:
10690:
10670:
10668:
10657:
10656:World reaction
10654:
10651:
10650:
10611:
10605:
10604:
10558:
10552:
10551:
10515:
10509:
10508:
10461:
10455:
10454:
10392:
10386:
10385:
10359:
10353:
10352:
10276:
10270:
10269:
10241:British Guiana
10230:Dutch colonies
10198:
10192:
10191:
10145:
10139:
10138:
10052:
10046:
10045:
10019:
10013:
10012:
9905:
9899:
9898:
9866:Spanish Empire
9845:Spanish Empire
9796:
9790:
9789:
9750:Spanish Empire
9711:
9705:
9704:
9701:
9635:
9632:
9629:
9628:
9453:
9447:
9446:
9363:
9357:
9356:
9271:
9265:
9264:
9138:
9132:
9131:
9088:Mexican Empire
9057:
9051:
9050:
9032:Mexican Empire
8982:Mexican Empire
8960:
8954:
8953:
8905:
8899:
8898:
8844:Mexican Empire
8813:
8807:
8806:
8761:northern Haiti
8728:State of Haiti
8695:
8689:
8688:
8635:Mexican Empire
8604:
8598:
8597:
8523:French Grenada
8515:
8509:
8508:
8453:Mexican Empire
8408:
8402:
8401:
8308:
8302:
8301:
8243:
8237:
8236:
8179:
8173:
8172:
8114:Mexican Empire
8069:
8063:
8062:
8010:British Empire
7973:(unrecognized
7957:(included the
7857:
7851:
7850:
7804:
7798:
7797:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7690:
7684:
7683:
7598:
7592:
7591:
7588:
7514:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7437:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7415:
7401:Spanish Empire
7389:
7388:
7387:
7386:
7385:
7382:Unincorporated
7352:
7348:
7347:
7320:
7317:
7314:
7302:
7289:
7272:
7268:
7267:
7228:Peace of Basel
7213:
7210:
7207:
7188:
7175:
7163:
7159:
7158:
7153:
7150:
7147:
7135:
7122:
7112:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7099:
7096:
7084:
7071:
7061:
7057:
7056:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7032:
7019:
7009:
7005:
7004:
6997:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6987:
6961:
6948:
6944:
6943:
6936:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6900:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6868:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6858:
6832:
6805:
6801:
6800:
6793:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6757:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6696:
6681:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6668:
6665:
6653:
6640:
6628:
6624:
6623:
6618:
6615:
6612:
6600:
6588:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6548:
6536:
6524:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6496:
6481:
6479:State of Chile
6469:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6441:
6429:
6417:
6413:
6412:
6405:
6402:
6399:
6387:
6374:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6354:
6351:
6348:
6336:
6324:
6312:
6308:
6307:
6301:May Revolution
6298:
6295:
6292:
6280:
6268:
6256:
6252:
6251:
6246:, present-day
6240:Peace of Basel
6237:
6234:
6231:
6219:
6195:
6193:Saint-Domingue
6183:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6163:
6160:
6157:
6148:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6133:
6120:
6115:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6090:Colonial name
6088:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6066:
6050:Spanish Empire
6039:
6034:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5997:
5982:Spanish Empire
5969:Mosquito Coast
5965:British Empire
5954:
5949:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5912:
5897:Spanish Empire
5884:Mosquito Coast
5880:British Empire
5869:
5864:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5827:
5811:Spanish Empire
5800:
5795:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5758:
5742:Spanish Empire
5731:
5726:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5687:Colonial name
5685:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5668:Cisplatine War
5660:
5649:
5645:May 18, 1811;
5643:
5626:Spanish Empire
5615:
5604:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5576:
5563:
5558:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5531:
5530:Colonial name
5528:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5506:
5503:
5501:United Kingdom
5490:
5477:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5457:Pierre Trudeau
5446:
5443:
5441:United Kingdom
5430:
5417:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5394:
5391:
5389:United Kingdom
5378:
5365:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5342:
5339:
5337:United Kingdom
5326:
5313:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5290:
5287:
5285:United Kingdom
5274:
5261:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5238:
5235:
5233:United Kingdom
5222:
5209:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5186:
5183:
5181:United Kingdom
5170:
5157:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5134:
5131:
5129:United Kingdom
5118:
5105:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5082:
5081:July 10, 1973
5079:
5077:United Kingdom
5066:
5053:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5030:
5027:
5025:United Kingdom
5014:
5001:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4981:Forbes Burnham
4978:
4975:
4973:United Kingdom
4962:
4960:British Guiana
4949:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4926:
4923:
4921:United Kingdom
4910:
4897:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4874:
4871:
4869:United Kingdom
4858:
4845:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4817:
4815:British Empire
4804:
4791:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4763:Colonial name
4761:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4734:
4732:Spanish Empire
4721:
4716:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4688:
4675:
4670:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4642:
4640:Spanish Empire
4629:
4624:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4590:
4577:
4575:Saint-Domingue
4572:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4544:Colonial name
4542:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4499:
4486:
4472:
4470:
4457:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4421:
4408:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4370:
4357:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4321:
4318:United Kingdom
4306:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4238:
4225:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4175:
4162:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4144:
4131:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4095:
4082:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4014:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3963:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3880:
3875:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3834:
3829:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3807:Sténio Vincent
3804:
3801:
3788:
3783:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3742:
3737:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3667:
3665:Spanish Empire
3654:
3649:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3621:Colonial name
3619:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3597:
3594:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3571:
3568:
3555:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3516:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3467:
3464:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3436:United Kingdom
3425:
3412:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3373:
3360:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3321:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3298:
3297:July 10, 1973
3295:
3282:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3241:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3221:Forbes Burnham
3218:
3215:
3213:British Guiana
3202:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3163:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3140:
3137:
3135:United Kingdom
3124:
3111:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3083:
3068:
3056:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3026:United Kingdom
3015:
2981:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2951:Spanish Empire
2940:
2935:
2921:
2920:
2918:Cisplatine War
2910:
2900:
2897:
2882:Spanish Empire
2871:
2861:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2833:
2820:
2815:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2721:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2462:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2420:
2415:
2387:
2386:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2212:Spanish Empire
2201:
2196:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2140:
2138:Saint-Domingue
2135:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2101:British Empire
2090:
2085:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:Colonial name
2055:
2047:
2046:
2005:
2003:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1906:Sint Eustatius
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1828:Cayman Islands
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1701:United Kingdom
1690:
1689:
1672:
1669:
1636:Main article:
1633:
1630:
1626:Rio de Janeiro
1575:Main article:
1572:
1569:
1554:Ciudad Bolívar
1508:Puerto Cabello
1461:
1458:
1435:May Revolution
1430:
1427:
1414:in late 1824.
1354:Main article:
1351:
1348:
1329:
1326:
1309:Plan de Iguala
1253:Main article:
1250:
1247:
1230:
1227:
1194:Main article:
1191:
1188:
1167:Main article:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1138:
1136:
1099:
1096:
1069:May Revolution
1061:Main article:
1058:
1055:
1008:May Revolution
986:, majority of
982:, present-day
972:Peninsular War
964:Main article:
961:
958:
904:Paraguayan War
837:Peninsular War
792:Main article:
789:
786:
738:Main article:
735:
732:
649:
646:
602:
599:
583:King Ferdinand
570:
567:
504:Peninsular War
495:
492:
474:
471:
469:
466:
420:(1868–78) and
418:Ten Years' War
368:fled to Brazil
352:Peninsular War
298:decolonization
291:
290:
288:
287:
280:
273:
265:
262:
261:
248:
247:
245:
244:
242:Decolonization
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
148:
145:
144:
136:
135:
127:
126:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14474:
14463:
14460:
14458:
14455:
14453:
14450:
14448:
14445:
14443:
14440:
14438:
14435:
14433:
14430:
14428:
14425:
14424:
14422:
14407:
14404:
14402:
14399:
14398:
14396:
14392:
14386:
14383:
14381:
14378:
14376:
14373:
14371:
14368:
14366:
14363:
14361:
14358:
14356:
14353:
14352:
14350:
14348:
14344:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14325:
14323:
14320:
14318:
14315:
14313:
14310:
14308:
14305:
14303:
14300:
14298:
14295:
14293:
14290:
14289:
14287:
14283:
14277:
14274:
14272:
14269:
14267:
14264:
14262:
14259:
14257:
14254:
14252:
14249:
14247:
14244:
14242:
14239:
14237:
14234:
14232:
14229:
14228:
14226:
14222:
14216:
14213:
14211:
14208:
14206:
14203:
14201:
14198:
14196:
14193:
14191:
14188:
14186:
14183:
14181:
14178:
14176:
14173:
14171:
14168:
14166:
14163:
14161:
14158:
14156:
14153:
14151:
14148:
14146:
14143:
14141:
14138:
14136:
14133:
14131:
14128:
14126:
14123:
14121:
14118:
14116:
14113:
14111:
14108:
14106:
14103:
14102:
14100:
14098:Organizations
14096:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14069:Simón Bolívar
14067:
14065:
14064:
14063:Patria Grande
14060:
14058:
14055:
14053:
14050:
14048:
14045:
14043:
14040:
14039:
14037:
14033:
14029:
14022:
14017:
14015:
14010:
14008:
14003:
14002:
13999:
13987:
13984:
13982:
13979:
13978:
13975:
13959:
13956:
13955:
13954:
13951:
13949:
13946:
13944:
13943:Ethnic groups
13941:
13937:
13934:
13933:
13932:
13929:
13928:
13925:
13922:
13920:
13916:
13910:
13907:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13895:
13894:
13893:
13890:
13888:
13885:
13883:
13880:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13870:
13868:
13865:
13863:
13860:
13856:
13853:
13852:
13851:
13848:
13846:
13843:
13842:
13840:
13838:
13834:
13828:
13825:
13823:
13820:
13818:
13815:
13813:
13810:
13806:
13803:
13802:
13801:
13798:
13794:
13791:
13790:
13789:
13786:
13785:
13782:
13779:
13775:
13765:
13762:
13760:
13757:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13738:
13735:
13734:
13733:
13730:
13729:
13726:
13723:
13721:
13717:
13707:
13704:
13702:
13699:
13697:
13694:
13692:
13689:
13687:
13684:
13682:
13679:
13677:
13674:
13673:
13671:
13667:
13664:
13660:
13650:
13647:
13646:
13643:
13640:
13636:
13626:
13625:United States
13623:
13621:
13618:
13616:
13613:
13611:
13608:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13598:
13596:
13593:
13591:
13588:
13586:
13583:
13582:
13580:
13576:
13570:
13567:
13565:
13562:
13560:
13557:
13555:
13552:
13550:
13547:
13545:
13542:
13540:
13539:Environmental
13537:
13535:
13532:
13531:
13529:
13525:
13519:
13516:
13514:
13511:
13509:
13506:
13504:
13501:
13499:
13496:
13494:
13491:
13489:
13486:
13484:
13481:
13480:
13478:
13474:
13471:
13469:
13465:
13460:
13459:Latin America
13453:
13448:
13446:
13441:
13439:
13434:
13433:
13430:
13418:
13417:
13416:South America
13413:
13411:
13409:
13407:
13405:
13402:
13400:
13397:
13395:
13394:North America
13392:
13391:
13388:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13367:
13364:
13362:
13359:
13357:
13354:
13352:
13349:
13347:
13344:
13342:
13339:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13327:
13324:
13322:
13319:
13317:
13314:
13312:
13311:French Guiana
13309:
13307:
13304:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13294:
13292:
13289:
13287:
13284:
13282:
13279:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13268:
13266:
13264:
13259:
13255:
13250:
13240:
13237:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13229:United States
13227:
13225:
13222:
13220:
13217:
13215:
13212:
13210:
13207:
13205:
13202:
13200:
13197:
13195:
13192:
13190:
13187:
13185:
13182:
13180:
13177:
13175:
13172:
13170:
13167:
13165:
13162:
13160:
13157:
13155:
13152:
13150:
13147:
13145:
13142:
13140:
13137:
13135:
13132:
13130:
13127:
13125:
13122:
13120:
13117:
13115:
13112:
13110:
13107:
13105:
13102:
13100:
13097:
13095:
13092:
13090:
13087:
13085:
13082:
13080:
13077:
13075:
13072:
13070:
13067:
13066:
13064:
13062:
13056:
13052:
13044:
13039:
13037:
13032:
13030:
13025:
13024:
13021:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12997:
12995:
12992:
12990:
12987:
12985:
12982:
12980:
12977:
12975:
12974:
12973:Terra nullius
12970:
12968:
12965:
12964:
12962:
12958:
12952:
12949:
12947:
12944:
12942:
12939:
12937:
12934:
12932:
12929:
12928:
12926:
12924:
12920:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12902:
12899:
12897:
12894:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12887:
12885:
12883:
12879:
12873:
12872:South African
12870:
12868:
12865:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12855:
12853:
12850:
12848:
12844:
12843:
12840:
12837:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12796:
12795:
12792:
12789:
12787:
12784:
12782:
12779:
12777:
12774:
12772:
12769:
12767:
12764:
12762:
12758:
12757:
12755:
12753:
12748:
12744:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12729:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12696:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12682:
12680:
12676:
12673:
12672:
12670:
12668:
12664:
12658:
12655:
12652:
12648:
12645:
12644:
12642:
12640:
12636:
12633:
12627:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12599:
12598:
12596:
12592:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12574:
12571:
12570:
12569:
12566:
12562:
12559:
12558:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12548:
12546:
12544:
12540:
12534:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12506:
12504:
12500:
12497:
12493:
12489:
12485:
12481:
12474:
12469:
12467:
12462:
12460:
12455:
12454:
12451:
12444:
12440:
12437:
12433:
12431:
12427:
12423:
12421:
12417:
12413:
12409:
12406:
12402:
12399:
12396:Lynch, John.
12395:
12392:
12388:
12385:
12381:
12378:
12374:
12372:
12368:
12364:
12361:
12357:
12355:
12354:0-7195-5566-3
12351:
12347:
12345:
12344:0-07-024008-6
12341:
12337:
12333:
12331:
12327:
12323:
12319:
12317:
12313:
12309:
12305:
12303:
12302:0-19-508402-0
12299:
12295:
12291:
12289:
12288:1-84631-044-X
12285:
12281:
12277:
12275:
12271:
12267:
12263:
12261:
12260:0-521-34128-0
12257:
12253:
12249:
12247:
12243:
12239:
12235:
12234:
12222:
12216:
12209:
12203:
12196:
12192:
12188:
12184:
12178:
12169:
12159:
12152:
12146:
12139:
12135:
12131:
12127:
12121:
12112:
12102:
12093:
12086:
12080:
12073:
12069:
12068:incorporation
12065:
12059:
12043:
12039:
12035:
12028:
12020:
12018:9781118772485
12014:
12010:
12006:
12005:Meade, Teresa
12000:
11994:
11993:0-662-62062-3
11990:
11986:
11982:
11976:
11970:Bakewell, 404
11967:
11959:
11957:0-631-23160-9
11953:
11949:
11942:
11927:
11923:
11919:
11915:
11911:
11910:New York City
11907:
11906:
11901:
11900:Kinley, David
11894:
11886:
11882:
11878:
11871:
11864:
11858:
11842:
11838:
11834:
11828:
11821:
11815:
11799:
11795:
11794:
11789:
11783:
11776:
11770:
11754:
11750:
11746:
11745:
11740:
11733:
11717:
11713:
11709:
11703:
11699:
11683:
11676:
11672:
11666:
11657:
11648:
11641:
11635:
11628:
11622:
11615:
11611:
11607:
11601:
11594:
11590:
11586:
11582:
11578:
11574:
11569:
11562:
11561:United States
11550:
11546:
11541:
11534:
11528:
11521:
11517:
11516:R. B. Bennett
11512:
11505:
11501:
11497:
11493:
11487:
11478:
11468:
11461:
11457:
11453:
11449:
11445:
11441:
11437:
11431:
11424:
11420:
11416:
11410:
11403:
11397:
11390:
11384:
11375:
11368:
11363:
11356:
11352:
11346:
11339:
11338:Pedro Santana
11334:
11327:
11323:
11319:
11313:
11307:
11301:
11294:
11289:
11280:
11273:
11269:
11264:
11255:
11248:
11244:
11239:
11230:
11223:
11219:
11214:
11207:
11203:
11199:
11195:
11190:
11188:
11186:
11184:
11182:
11172:
11165:
11159:
11157:
11155:
11153:
11151:
11143:
11139:
11135:
11134:Simón Bolívar
11131:
11125:
11118:
11114:
11108:
11101:
11100:Manuel Bulnes
11095:
11088:
11084:
11078:
11072:
11068:
11064:
11058:
11051:
11046:
11037:
11030:
11025:
11016:
11009:
11005:
11001:
10995:
10988:
10984:
10983:incorporation
10980:
10974:
10967:
10961:
10954:
10950:
10946:
10942:
10938:
10932:
10923:
10916:
10912:
10905:
10901:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10797:
10791:
10789:
10783:
10781:
10777:
10773:
10769:
10765:
10761:
10757:
10753:
10749:
10748:Gran Colombia
10745:
10742:who, in 1826
10741:
10740:Simón Bolívar
10735:
10725:
10723:
10718:
10716:
10712:
10708:
10704:
10687:
10678:
10674:
10671:This section
10669:
10666:
10662:
10661:
10649:
10645:
10644:
10630:
10629:Gran Colombia
10626:
10620:
10616:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10606:
10602:
10601:
10587:
10583:
10577:
10573:
10567:
10563:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10553:
10549:
10548:
10534:
10530:
10524:
10520:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10510:
10506:
10505:
10492:
10490:
10486:
10480:
10476:
10470:
10466:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10456:
10452:
10451:
10437:
10433:
10428:
10426:
10420:
10416:
10411:
10407:
10401:
10397:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10387:
10383:
10382:
10368:
10364:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10354:
10350:
10349:
10335:
10331:
10325:
10321:
10315:
10311:
10305:
10304:Gran Colombia
10301:
10295:
10291:
10285:
10281:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10271:
10267:
10266:
10252:
10248:
10242:
10238:
10233:
10231:
10225:
10221:
10216:
10212:
10208:(1616–1815),
10207:
10203:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10193:
10189:
10188:
10174:
10173:Gran Colombia
10170:
10164:
10160:
10154:
10150:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10140:
10136:
10135:
10121:
10117:
10111:
10107:
10101:
10097:
10091:
10090:Gran Colombia
10087:
10081:
10077:
10071:
10067:
10061:
10057:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10047:
10043:
10042:
10028:
10024:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10014:
10010:
10009:
9996:
9994:
9988:
9984:
9978:
9974:
9969:
9965:
9961:
9955:
9951:
9945:
9941:
9935:
9931:
9926:
9924:
9920:
9914:
9910:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9900:
9896:
9895:
9881:
9869:
9867:
9863:
9857:
9853:
9848:
9846:
9842:
9836:
9832:
9827:
9825:
9821:
9815:
9811:
9805:
9801:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9791:
9787:
9786:
9772:
9768:
9762:
9758:
9753:
9751:
9747:
9741:
9737:
9732:
9730:
9726:
9720:
9716:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9706:
9703:Predecessors
9702:
9699:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9689:
9685:
9681:
9677:
9673:
9669:
9665:
9661:
9657:
9653:
9649:
9647:
9646:South America
9643:
9634:South America
9626:
9625:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9591:
9588:(1795–1893),
9587:
9583:
9577:
9573:
9567:
9563:
9557:
9552:
9548:
9542:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9462:
9458:
9454:
9452:
9451:United States
9449:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9437:
9436:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9411:
9405:
9401:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9383:
9379:
9372:
9368:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9358:
9354:
9350:
9349:
9336:
9334:
9328:
9324:
9319:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9301:
9297:
9290:
9286:
9280:
9276:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9255:
9254:
9241:
9239:
9235:
9229:
9225:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9207:
9203:
9199:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9180:
9176:
9169:
9165:
9160:
9158:
9154:
9147:
9143:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9133:
9129:
9128:
9115:
9110:
9104:
9099:
9093:
9089:
9084:
9078:
9073:
9067:
9062:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9052:
9048:
9047:
9033:
9029:
9023:
9019:
9013:
9009:
9003:
8999:
8993:
8989:
8983:
8979:
8973:
8969:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8944:
8943:
8929:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8900:
8896:
8895:
8881:
8874:
8867:
8860:
8855:
8849:
8845:
8840:
8834:
8829:
8823:
8818:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8802:United States
8800:(occupied by
8797:
8796:
8783:
8777:
8773:
8768:
8766:
8762:
8756:
8752:
8746:
8742:
8737:
8735:
8729:
8725:
8719:
8715:
8709:
8705:
8700:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8690:
8686:
8685:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8651:
8646:
8640:
8636:
8631:
8625:
8620:
8614:
8609:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8599:
8595:
8591:
8590:
8577:
8575:
8569:
8565:
8560:
8554:
8549:
8543:
8539:
8534:
8530:
8524:
8520:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8499:
8498:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8469:
8464:
8458:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8442:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8424:
8418:
8413:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8403:
8399:
8398:
8384:
8379:
8373:
8369:
8363:
8358:
8352:
8348:
8342:
8338:
8332:
8328:
8323:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8303:
8299:
8298:
8285:
8283:
8277:
8273:
8267:
8262:
8256:
8252:
8248:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8238:
8234:
8233:
8219:
8215:
8209:
8205:
8199:
8195:
8189:
8184:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8174:
8170:
8169:
8155:
8151:
8145:
8141:
8136:
8130:
8125:
8119:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8103:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8085:
8079:
8074:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8055:
8049:
8048:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8013:
8011:
8007:
8001:
7997:
7991:
7987:
7982:
7980:
7976:
7970:
7966:
7964:
7960:
7954:
7950:
7944:
7940:
7935:
7933:
7927:
7926:Rupert's Land
7923:
7917:
7913:
7907:
7895:
7883:
7879:
7874:
7872:
7871:French colony
7866:
7862:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7841:
7840:
7827:
7823:
7819:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7795:
7794:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7766:
7762:
7757:
7755:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7731:
7730:
7716:
7712:
7707:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7674:
7673:
7660:
7658:
7652:
7648:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7630:
7624:
7620:
7615:
7613:
7607:
7603:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7590:Predecessors
7589:
7586:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7576:
7575:Caribbean Sea
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7522:
7513:North America
7503:
7498:
7494:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7450:
7446:
7442:
7438:
7435:
7432:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7391:
7390:
7383:
7379:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7365:United States
7355:
7354:
7350:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7301:
7290:
7273:
7270:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7249:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7214:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7187:
7176:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7161:
7160:
7157:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7134:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7083:
7072:
7062:
7059:
7058:
7054:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7031:
7020:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6993:15 September
6992:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6934:
6932:15 September
6931:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6899:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6866:
6864:15 September
6863:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6817:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6794:
6791:
6789:15 September
6788:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6730:
6728:15 September
6727:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6694:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6675:
6672:
6669:
6667:15 September
6666:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6652:
6641:
6639:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6587:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6567:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6535:
6534:Gran Colombia
6525:
6522:
6521:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6494:
6482:
6480:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6428:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6386:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6323:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6267:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6250:, to France.
6249:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6220:
6218:
6207:
6196:
6194:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6162:Modern state
6161:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6140:
6139:Johan Ferrier
6137:
6134:
6132:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6073:
6072:Gabino Gaínza
6070:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6058:
6051:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6019:
6008:
6007:
6004:
6003:Gabino Gaínza
6001:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5989:
5983:
5970:
5966:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5934:
5923:
5922:
5919:
5918:Gabino Gaínza
5916:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5904:
5898:
5885:
5881:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5849:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5833:Gabino Gaínza
5831:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5819:
5812:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5780:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5764:Gabino Gaínza
5762:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5750:
5743:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5711:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5670:
5669:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5627:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5491:
5489:
5478:
5476:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5453:R. B. Bennett
5450:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5431:
5429:
5418:
5416:
5405:
5404:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5379:
5377:
5366:
5364:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5327:
5325:
5314:
5312:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5275:
5273:
5262:
5260:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5223:
5221:
5210:
5208:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5171:
5169:
5158:
5156:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5119:
5117:
5106:
5104:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5067:
5065:
5054:
5052:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5015:
5013:
5002:
5000:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:May 26, 1966
4976:
4974:
4963:
4961:
4950:
4948:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4930:
4929:Eric Williams
4927:
4924:
4922:
4911:
4909:
4898:
4896:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4859:
4857:
4846:
4844:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4805:
4803:
4792:
4790:
4789:United States
4779:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4617:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4511:
4500:
4498:
4487:
4485:
4484:United States
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:United States
4422:
4420:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4382:United States
4371:
4369:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4342:Falklands War
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4322:
4319:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:United States
4239:
4237:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4106:United States
4094:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4025:United States
4015:
4013:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3974:United States
3964:
3962:
3951:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:United States
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3845:United States
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:United States
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:United States
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3668:
3666:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3554:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3517:
3515:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3424:
3411:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3392:Johan Ferrier
3390:
3387:
3385:
3374:
3372:
3361:
3359:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3322:
3320:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3283:
3281:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3242:
3240:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:May 26, 1966
3216:
3214:
3203:
3201:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3182:Eric Williams
3180:
3177:
3175:
3164:
3162:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3123:
3112:
3110:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:July 1, 1867
3029:
3027:
3016:
3014:
3003:
3002:New Brunswick
2992:
2982:
2980:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2883:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Simón Bolívar
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Simón Bolívar
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Simón Bolívar
2725:
2723:May 24, 1822
2722:
2719:
2718:Gran Colombia
2705:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2686:Simón Bolívar
2684:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:Gran Colombia
2659:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:Gabino Gaínza
2577:
2574:
2571:
2558:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:Gabino Gaínza
2540:
2537:
2534:
2521:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2505:Gabino Gaínza
2503:
2500:
2497:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:Gabino Gaínza
2466:
2463:
2460:
2447:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2426:Gabino Gaínza
2424:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2400:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:Simón Bolívar
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2361:Gran Colombia
2348:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Simón Bolívar
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2313:Gran Colombia
2300:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2244:May 14, 1811
2243:
2241:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2200:
2195:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2155:(until 1792)
2153:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:United States
2073:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2043:
2040:
2032:
2029:December 2021
2022:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2006:This section
2004:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:French Guiana
1939:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1914:(Netherlands)
1913:
1910:
1908:(Netherlands)
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:(Netherlands)
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:French Guiana
1844:
1841:
1838:
1836:(Netherlands)
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1818:(Netherlands)
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1806:(Netherlands)
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1558:Orinoco River
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1539:Pablo Morillo
1535:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:Simón Bolívar
1484:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:Lord Cochrane
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:Juan O'Donojú
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:Gran Colombia
1204:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1154:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1012:Primera Junta
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
967:
957:
955:
951:
948:and occupied
947:
943:
942:United States
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
900:
896:
895:Simón Bolívar
892:
891:South America
887:
885:
884:
879:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
859:Castilian law
856:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
819:
815:
806:
801:
795:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:United States
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
741:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
669:
668:Great Britain
665:
659:
655:
648:United States
645:
641:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
621:
617:
612:
608:
601:Other factors
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
575:
566:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
505:
501:
491:
489:
485:
481:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:French Guiana
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:Santo Domingo
394:
392:
389:
385:
381:
380:prince regent
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:Latin America
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
299:
286:
281:
279:
274:
272:
267:
266:
264:
263:
260:
250:
249:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
147:
146:
142:
138:
137:
134:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
112:
109:
101:
98:December 2007
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
14285:Institutions
14079:Lucas Alamán
14061:
14046:
13919:Demographics
13513:World War II
13497:
13414:
13366:Sint Maarten
13351:Saint Martin
13258:Dependencies
12971:
12931:Independence
12667:Colonization
12600:
12543:Colonization
12533:World oceans
12480:Colonization
12442:
12435:
12425:
12411:
12404:
12397:
12390:
12383:
12376:
12366:
12359:
12335:
12321:
12307:
12293:
12279:
12265:
12251:
12237:
12220:
12219:Fred Rippy,
12215:
12202:
12177:
12168:
12158:
12145:
12120:
12111:
12101:
12092:
12079:
12058:
12046:. Retrieved
12037:
12027:
12008:
11999:
11984:
11975:
11966:
11947:
11941:
11929:. Retrieved
11904:
11893:
11885:the original
11880:
11870:
11862:
11857:
11845:. Retrieved
11836:
11827:
11819:
11814:
11802:. Retrieved
11791:
11782:
11774:
11769:
11757:. Retrieved
11753:the original
11748:
11742:
11732:
11722:February 10,
11720:. Retrieved
11711:
11702:
11682:
11671:Arthur Chung
11665:
11656:
11647:
11634:
11621:
11609:
11606:Fidel Castro
11600:
11568:
11548:
11544:
11540:
11527:
11511:
11486:
11477:
11467:
11430:
11409:
11396:
11383:
11374:
11362:
11345:
11333:
11312:
11300:
11288:
11279:
11263:
11254:
11238:
11229:
11213:
11171:
11124:
11107:
11094:
11077:
11057:
11045:
11036:
11024:
11015:
10994:
10973:
10960:
10931:
10922:
10904:
10835:Libertadores
10784:
10737:
10722:mercantilist
10719:
10709:drafted the
10703:James Monroe
10699:
10681:
10677:adding to it
10672:
10647:
10633:
10590:
10537:
10494:
10482:
10481:(1954–1975)
10440:
10422:
10421:(1528–1542)
10371:
10338:
10255:
10227:
10226:(1745–1815)
10177:
10124:
10062:(~1450–1540)
10031:
9998:
9990:
9989:(1964–1989)
9967:
9966:(1930–1946)
9916:
9915:(1500-1815)
9884:
9859:
9858:(1810–1825)
9838:
9837:(1776–1810)
9817:
9816:(1542–1776)
9775:
9743:
9742:(1776–1810)
9722:
9721:(1542–1776)
9688:independence
9639:
9637:
9614:
9439:
9425:
9407:
9406:(1962–1979)
9374:
9373:(1763–1958)
9338:
9330:
9329:(1962–1979)
9292:
9291:(1814–1958)
9259:
9257:
9243:
9236:since 1967;
9231:
9230:(1962–1983)
9194:
9193:(1882–1958)
9171:
9170:(1628–1882)
9149:
9148:(1623–1882)
9117:
9036:
8963:Aztec Empire
8946:
8932:
8884:
8799:
8785:
8763:since 1820;
8758:
8757:(1806–1849)
8731:
8730:(1806–1811)
8674:
8579:
8576:(since 1967)
8571:
8570:(1962–1974)
8525:(1649–1763)
8503:
8501:
8487:
8438:
8437:(1609–1821)
8420:
8419:(1543–1609)
8387:
8381:Occupied by
8360:Occupied by
8287:
8279:
8278:(1962–1978)
8222:
8158:
8099:
8098:(1609–1821)
8081:
8080:(1543–1609)
8057:
8052:(before the
8051:
8037:
8003:
8002:(1907–1949)
7972:
7956:
7955:(1858–1871)
7929:
7928:(1670–1870)
7868:
7867:(1535–1763)
7843:
7829:
7825:
7824:(1973–1981)
7783:
7768:
7751:
7750:(1625–1885)
7719:
7688:Bahamas, The
7676:
7662:
7654:
7653:(1962–1981)
7626:
7609:
7571:independence
7518:
7516:
7475:through the
7467:through the
7447:through the
7248:independence
7200:
7046:November 28
6818:
6562:17 December
6510:12 February
6166:
6053:
5972:
5887:
5814:
5745:
5666:
5655:
5646:
5629:
5610:
5241:John Compton
5033:Errol Barrow
4442:War on drugs
3676:May 20, 1902
3470:John Compton
3444:Patrick John
3371:Dutch Guiana
3260:Errol Barrow
2035:
2026:
2015:Please help
2010:verification
2007:
1967:
1963:départements
1961:
1935:
1912:Sint Maarten
1894:Saint Martin
1792:
1772:
1691:
1677:
1674:
1671:20th century
1662:
1659:Newfoundland
1641:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1562:
1547:
1545:by Morillo.
1526:
1520:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1447:
1432:
1416:
1396:
1381:
1331:
1284:
1258:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1199:
1184:Patria Nueva
1176:Patria Vieja
1172:
1148:
1144:adding to it
1139:
1081:
1066:
1024:
969:
935:
912:
888:
883:Libertadores
881:
867:
852:
849:Fernando VII
834:
823:
800:Libertadores
743:
716:Great Plains
677:
661:
642:
627:
620:physiocratic
614:
580:
556:
549:Fernando VII
542:
507:
476:
446:
395:
296:
294:
241:
119:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
14195:Petrocaribe
13909:Video games
13737:Agroecology
13732:Agriculture
13615:South Korea
13518:Debt crisis
13336:Puerto Rico
13263:territories
13209:Saint Lucia
13144:El Salvador
12829:New Zealand
12694:Colonialism
12679:Imperialism
12639:Exploration
12502:Exploration
12048:December 5,
11759:January 27,
11442:during the
10911:Banana Wars
10800:Colonialism
10764:El Salvador
10631:(1819–1828)
10621:(1717–1819)
10588:(1822–1828)
10578:(1816–1822)
10568:(1810–1816)
10535:(1797–1962)
10525:(1717–1797)
10471:(1630–1954)
10438:(1542–1824)
10402:(1438–1533)
10400:Inca Empire
10369:(1776–1814)
10336:(1863–1906)
10326:(1858–1863)
10316:(1831–1858)
10306:(1819–1831)
10296:(1717–1819)
10286:(1542–1717)
10253:(1966–1970)
10243:(1814–1966)
10175:(1822–1830)
10165:(1717–1822)
10155:(1542–1717)
10122:(1863–1886)
10112:(1858–1863)
10102:(1831–1858)
10092:(1819–1831)
10082:(1717–1819)
10072:(1542–1717)
10029:(1542–1818)
9979:(1946–1964)
9956:(1889–1930)
9946:(1822–1889)
9936:(1815–1822)
9882:(1825–2009)
9862:Viceroyalty
9841:Viceroyalty
9820:Viceroyalty
9806:(1528–1542)
9773:(1831–1861)
9763:(1810–1831)
9746:Viceroyalty
9725:Viceroyalty
9592:(1894–1898)
9568:(1836–1846)
9558:(1832–1835)
9543:(1777–1791)
9463:(1732–1776)
9412:since 1967)
9396:(1958–1962)
9348:Saint Lucia
9335:since 1967)
9314:(1958–1962)
9281:(1674–1814)
9269:Saint Lucia
9220:(1958–1962)
9105:(1823–1838)
9079:(1609–1821)
9068:(1543–1609)
9034:(1863–1867)
9024:(1846–1863)
9014:(1835–1846)
9004:(1824–1835)
8994:(1823–1824)
8984:(1821–1823)
8974:(1521–1821)
8930:(1655–1962)
8861:(1823–1838)
8835:(1609–1821)
8824:(1543–1609)
8778:(1849–1859)
8747:(1811–1820)
8720:(1804–1806)
8710:(1625–1804)
8652:(1823–1839)
8626:(1609–1821)
8615:(1543–1609)
8555:(1958–1962)
8506:in English)
8470:(1823–1841)
8406:El Salvador
8385:(1861–1865)
8374:(1844–1861)
8364:(1822–1844)
8353:(1821–1822)
8343:(1809–1821)
8333:(1795–1809)
8318:(1492–1795)
8284:since 1967)
8268:(1958–1962)
8220:(1902–1959)
8210:(1898–1902)
8200:(1607–1898)
8190:(1512–1607)
8156:(1848–1948)
8146:(1838–1847)
8131:(1823–1838)
7992:(1610–1907)
7965:since 1866)
7961:and former
7945:(1859–1870)
7918:(1841–1867)
7908:(1791–1841)
7896:(1791–1841)
7884:(1763–1791)
7814:(1862–1973)
7781:(1958–1962)
7717:(1717–1973)
7702:(1648–1717)
7659:since 1967)
7643:(1958–1962)
7378:Puerto Rico
7316:10 October
7236:España Boba
6755:El Salvador
6131:Netherlands
6021:as part of
6018:El Salvador
5971:) in 1787;
5936:as part of
5886:) in 1787;
5851:as part of
5782:as part of
5713:as part of
5293:Milton Cato
5207:Saint Lucia
4116:Banana Wars
3984:Banana Wars
3858:Banana Wars
3812:Banana Wars
3766:Banana Wars
3709:Event name
3496:Milton Cato
3462:Saint Lucia
3384:Netherlands
3013:Nova Scotia
2708:as part of
2662:as part of
2561:as part of
2557:El Salvador
2524:as part of
2487:as part of
2450:as part of
2403:as part of
2351:as part of
2303:as part of
1876:Puerto Rico
1743:Saint Lucia
1699:: from the
1614:Dom João VI
1607:Dom Pedro I
1492:New Granada
1273:Juan Aldama
1180:Reconquista
1151:August 2020
1116:Patria Boba
990:, parts of
954:Puerto Rico
835:During the
830:Puerto Rico
824:Except for
818:Intendecies
680:Mississippi
434:Puerto Rico
406:unification
388:independent
370:during the
320:great power
192:Hospitaller
14421:Categories
13902:Telenovela
13892:Television
13872:Literature
13669:Governance
13554:Literature
13331:Montserrat
13326:Martinique
13321:Guadeloupe
13119:Costa Rica
12979:Plantation
12804:Australian
12786:Portuguese
12752:modern era
12699:chronology
12585:Antarctica
12529:Antarctica
12187:secessions
12130:secessions
11694:References
11492:Canada Day
11456:Cisplatina
11423:celebrated
11293:Juan Lindo
11087:celebrated
10941:secessions
10776:Costa Rica
9682:, and the
9672:Portuguese
9670:, and the
9638:This is a
9189:Colony of
8804:1915–1934)
8767:1822–1844)
8759:(included
8732:(northern
8544:1833–1958)
8067:Costa Rica
7865:New France
7517:This is a
7220:Hispaniola
6693:Costa Rica
6244:Hispaniola
5984:in 1821;
5899:in 1821;
5710:Costa Rica
4456:1994–1995
4407:1989–1990
4224:1965–1966
4161:1917–1922
4130:1916–1924
4081:1915–1934
3340:Eric Gairy
2399:Costa Rica
1979:Martinique
1950:Martinique
1946:Guadeloupe
1870:Montserrat
1864:Martinique
1858:Guadeloupe
1664:Canada Act
1437:, in 1811
1285:gachupines
870:Liberalism
758:Portuguese
458:Martinique
454:Guadeloupe
422:Little War
332:Portuguese
310:rule. The
207:Portuguese
152:First wave
68:newspapers
14360:CARIFORUM
14200:Rio Group
13897:Companies
13812:Etiquette
13800:Education
13706:Pink tide
13691:Falangism
13676:Democracy
13638:Geography
13549:Libraries
13476:By period
13404:Caribbean
13316:Greenland
13239:Venezuela
13184:Nicaragua
13154:Guatemala
13074:Argentina
13059:Sovereign
12896:in Europe
12834:Norwegian
12737:Dependent
12730:Current:
12675:Antiquity
12495:By region
11804:April 30,
10772:Nicaragua
10760:Guatemala
10684:June 2008
10609:Venezuela
9709:Argentina
9668:Spaniards
9664:Europeans
9660:colonized
9195:(part of
9092:1822–1823
9055:Nicaragua
8848:1822–1823
8639:1822–1823
8602:Guatemala
8457:1822–1823
8441:New Spain
8439:(part of
8423:New Spain
8421:(part of
8253:(part of
8118:1822–1823
8102:New Spain
8100:(part of
8084:New Spain
8082:(part of
8056:the term
7752:(part of
7627:(part of
7610:(part of
7547:Spaniards
7543:Europeans
7539:colonized
7433:11 April
7149:6 August
6973:New Spain
6959:Nicaragua
6912:New Spain
6844:New Spain
6816:Guatemala
6769:New Spain
6708:New Spain
6663:New Spain
6439:Argentina
6334:Venezuela
6052:in 1821;
5848:Nicaragua
5813:in 1821;
5779:Guatemala
5744:in 1821;
4510:Argentina
4332:Argentina
4270:1980–1999
4189:1960–1979
3961:Nicaragua
3948:1912–1933
3943:Nicaragua
3699:1898-1965
3574:Vere Bird
2607:Agustín I
2483:Nicaragua
2446:Guatemala
2347:Venezuela
2194:Argentina
1852:Greenland
1784:, in 1975
1703:, in 1962
1591:São Paulo
1543:disbanded
1460:Venezuela
1419:caudillos
1242:kingdom.
1229:Guatemala
1077:Venezuela
984:Argentina
960:Argentina
782:Louisiana
686:from the
623:economics
547:and King
545:Carlos IV
408:and then
358:, caused
14246:CARIPASS
14224:Projects
14170:Mercosur
13981:Category
13887:Religion
13822:HIV/AIDS
13817:Feminism
13662:Politics
13564:Brujería
13559:Military
13534:Catholic
13527:By topic
13271:Anguilla
13219:Suriname
13194:Paraguay
13169:Honduras
13129:Dominica
13114:Colombia
13084:Barbados
13051:Americas
12857:Japanese
12847:American
12799:American
12651:European
12601:Americas
12551:Americas
12509:Americas
12430:in JSTOR
12042:Archived
12007:(2016).
11926:18005317
11914:New York
11841:Archived
11798:Archived
11793:BBC News
11744:Historia
11716:Archived
11610:de facto
11608:was the
11549:De facto
10794:See also
10768:Honduras
10459:Suriname
10357:Paraguay
10050:Colombia
9923:Portugal
9392:Part of
9310:Part of
9238:Anguilla
9216:Part of
9206:Anguilla
9101:Part of
9086:Part of
9075:Part of
9064:Part of
8857:Part of
8842:Part of
8831:Part of
8820:Part of
8811:Honduras
8648:Part of
8633:Part of
8622:Part of
8611:Part of
8551:Part of
8466:Part of
8451:Part of
8433:Part of
8415:Part of
8276:Dominica
8264:Part of
8241:Dominica
8186:Part of
8127:Part of
8112:Part of
8094:Part of
8076:Part of
8006:dominion
7793:Barbados
7777:Part of
7738:Barbados
7639:Part of
7557:and the
7209:15 July
7070:Ecuador
6898:Honduras
6614:28 July
6546:Colombia
6373:Uruguay
6303:part of
6278:Paraguay
6159:Country
6118:Suriname
6113:Suriname
6087:Country
6064:in 1823
5995:in 1823
5933:Honduras
5910:in 1823
5825:in 1823
5756:in 1823
5684:Country
5641:in 1828
5527:Country
5155:Dominica
5012:Barbados
4999:Barbados
4760:Country
4541:Country
3994:Veracruz
3904:Cold War
3706:Country
3618:Country
3410:Dominica
3358:Suriname
3252:Barbados
3239:Barbados
2520:Honduras
2299:Colombia
2240:Paraguay
2054:Country
1989:Timeline
1971:, or DOM
1902:(France)
1896:(France)
1890:(France)
1866:(France)
1860:(France)
1848:(France)
1798:Anguilla
1778:Suriname
1737:Dominica
1719:Barbados
1565:Carabobo
1528:Llaneros
1365:Painting
1333:Paraguay
1328:Paraguay
1098:Colombia
996:Paraguay
944:won the
921:and the
906:and the
854:Criollos
841:Napoleon
746:American
700:Russians
587:militias
530:Portugal
516:(led by
404:. After
308:European
304:Americas
217:Scottish
167:Curonian
14035:History
13862:Cuisine
13837:Culture
13777:Society
13754:Tourism
13720:Economy
13649:Regions
13569:Slavery
13468:History
13301:Curaçao
13286:Bonaire
13281:Bermuda
13234:Uruguay
13174:Jamaica
13149:Grenada
13139:Ecuador
13094:Bolivia
13079:Bahamas
12984:Settler
12867:Russian
12862:Ottoman
12852:Chinese
12839:Swedish
12814:Belgian
12791:Spanish
12781:Italian
12761:British
12750:in the
12709:empires
12704:history
12629:General
12616:Oceania
12580:Oceania
12524:Oceania
12183:mergers
12163:states.
12126:mergers
12106:states.
12038:Reuters
11931:July 2,
11902:(ed.).
11545:De jure
11400:As the
11304:as the
10937:mergers
10778:), and
10556:Uruguay
10487:of the
10215:Berbice
10143:Ecuador
9864:of the
9843:of the
9822:of the
9794:Bolivia
9748:of the
9727:of the
9684:English
9662:by the
8942:Jamaica
8903:Jamaica
8589:Grenada
8513:Grenada
8008:within
7971:(1885)
7569:gained
7555:English
7541:by the
7504:
7493:Spanish
7250:as the
7226:in the
7133:Bolivia
7098:24 May
7082:Ecuador
7018:Panama
6876:British
6455:9 July
6385:Uruguay
6350:5 July
6294:14 May
5602:Uruguay
5582:Pedro I
5103:Grenada
5064:Bahamas
5051:Bahamas
4856:Jamaica
4843:Jamaica
4619:as the
4368:Grenada
4352:Grenada
3319:Grenada
3293:Bahamas
3280:Bahamas
3122:Jamaica
3109:Jamaica
2859:Uruguay
2839:Pedro I
2780:Bolivia
2704:Ecuador
1834:Curacao
1816:Bonaire
1810:Bermuda
1780:: from
1731:Grenada
1725:Bahamas
1697:Jamaica
1618:Emperor
1585:Prince
1556:in the
1504:Caracas
1429:Uruguay
1408:Paracas
1388:Huánuco
1219:Ecuador
1203:Ecuador
1190:Ecuador
1057:Bolivia
1037:led by
1035:Bolivia
1000:Uruguay
988:Bolivia
754:Spanish
696:Spanish
688:British
538:Austria
522:Prussia
328:Spanish
227:Swedish
222:Spanish
212:Russian
197:Italian
162:British
82:scholar
14394:Events
13986:Portal
13936:Cities
13850:Cinema
13585:Canada
13544:Jewish
13189:Panama
13179:Mexico
13159:Guyana
13104:Canada
13099:Brazil
13089:Belize
13061:states
12824:Danish
12776:German
12771:French
12631:topics
12606:Africa
12556:Africa
12514:Africa
12486:, and
12418:
12400:. 1986
12393:. 1994
12352:
12342:
12328:
12314:
12300:
12286:
12272:
12258:
12244:
12015:
11991:
11983:", in
11954:
11924:
11847:May 6,
11558:
11472:again.
11200:, and
10780:Mexico
10774:, and
10754:, the
10640:
10597:
10544:
10501:
10447:
10423:(both
10378:
10345:
10274:Panama
10262:
10196:Guyana
10184:
10131:
10038:
10005:
9919:colony
9903:Brazil
9891:
9877:
9782:
9680:French
9678:, the
9656:Panama
9621:
9578:(1846)
9553:(1810)
9432:
9345:
9250:
9124:
9043:
8958:Mexico
8939:
8891:
8792:
8681:
8586:
8494:
8394:
8294:
8229:
8165:
8047:Canada
8044:
7855:Canada
7839:Belize
7836:
7822:Belize
7802:Belize
7790:
7726:
7669:
7553:, the
7551:French
7549:, the
7535:Panama
7375:
7362:
7297:
7238:. The
7224:France
7183:
7130:
7079:
7030:Panama
7027:
6956:
6895:
6829:Belize
6826:
6813:
6752:
6690:
6651:Mexico
6648:
6490:
6382:
6214:
6203:
6128:
6110:
6047:
6028:
6015:
5979:
5962:
5943:
5930:
5894:
5877:
5858:
5845:
5808:
5789:
5776:
5739:
5720:
5707:
5636:
5623:
5599:
5571:
5556:Brazil
5553:
5498:
5485:
5472:
5438:
5425:
5415:Canada
5412:
5386:
5373:
5360:
5334:
5321:
5311:Belize
5308:
5282:
5269:
5256:
5230:
5217:
5204:
5178:
5165:
5152:
5126:
5113:
5100:
5074:
5061:
5048:
5022:
5009:
4996:
4970:
4957:
4947:Guyana
4944:
4918:
4905:
4892:
4866:
4853:
4840:
4812:
4799:
4786:
4729:
4711:
4683:
4665:
4637:
4613:
4585:
4567:
4507:
4497:Poland
4494:
4481:
4465:
4429:
4419:Panama
4416:
4403:Panama
4379:
4365:
4329:
4315:
4289:Event
4280:Years
4246:
4233:
4208:Event
4199:Years
4170:
4139:
4103:
4090:
4065:Event
4056:Years
4022:
4012:Mexico
4009:
3971:
3958:
3931:Event
3922:Years
3888:
3870:
3842:
3824:
3796:
3778:
3750:
3732:
3662:
3644:
3589:
3563:
3550:
3524:
3514:Belize
3511:
3485:
3459:
3433:
3420:
3407:
3381:
3368:
3355:
3329:
3316:
3290:
3277:
3249:
3236:
3210:
3200:Guyana
3197:
3171:
3158:
3132:
3119:
3106:
3077:
3051:
3023:
2979:Canada
2976:
2948:
2930:
2892:
2879:
2856:
2828:
2813:Brazil
2810:
2777:
2744:
2715:
2701:
2669:
2658:Panama
2655:
2624:
2594:Mexico
2591:
2554:
2517:
2480:
2443:
2396:
2358:
2344:
2310:
2296:
2263:
2247:Junta
2237:
2209:
2191:
2163:
2149:
2130:
2098:
2080:
1958:France
1761:Belize
1713:Guyana
1657:, and
1643:Canada
1632:Canada
1571:Brazil
1560:area.
1550:Llanos
1534:Aragua
1472:, and
1249:Mexico
1182:, and
1122:, and
940:, the
874:French
762:French
698:, and
692:French
557:juntas
536:, and
534:Russia
514:France
484:Chiloé
456:, and
378:, the
376:Lisbon
346:. The
336:French
334:, and
187:German
182:French
172:Danish
157:Basque
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
14276:SUCRE
13882:Music
13877:Media
13867:Dance
13855:Films
13788:Crime
13605:Japan
13600:Italy
13595:India
13590:China
13276:Aruba
13164:Haiti
13109:Chile
12766:Dutch
12191:civil
12134:civil
11421:) is
11355:Quito
10945:civil
10896:Notes
10228:(all
10017:Chile
9676:Dutch
8734:Haiti
8693:Haiti
8383:Spain
8362:Haiti
7975:Métis
7559:Dutch
7436:1899
7319:1868
7288:Cuba
7244:Haiti
7216:Spain
7212:1865
7152:1825
7101:1822
7049:1821
6996:1821
6935:1821
6867:1821
6792:1821
6731:1821
6670:1821
6617:1821
6565:1819
6513:1818
6493:Chile
6458:1816
6404:1811
6353:1811
6297:1811
6236:1795
6206:Haiti
6177:note
6174:year
6171:Date
4686:Haiti
4570:Haiti
4468:Haiti
4452:Haiti
4356:1983
4305:1982
4093:Haiti
4077:Haiti
3781:Haiti
3080:Spain
2266:Chile
2133:Haiti
1804:Aruba
1680:Spain
1678:From
1587:Pedro
1392:Cusco
1215:Quito
1163:Chile
1073:Chile
1027:Chile
992:Chile
809:1982.
780:sold
766:Haiti
526:Spain
488:Ancud
410:split
384:Pedro
202:Norse
177:Dutch
89:JSTOR
75:books
13958:List
13341:Saba
13261:and
13199:Peru
13124:Cuba
12724:wars
12611:Asia
12568:Asia
12519:Asia
12416:ISBN
12350:ISBN
12340:ISBN
12326:ISBN
12312:ISBN
12298:ISBN
12284:ISBN
12270:ISBN
12256:ISBN
12242:ISBN
12189:and
12132:and
12083:The
12050:2021
12013:ISBN
11989:ISBN
11952:ISBN
11933:2022
11922:LCCN
11849:2017
11806:2009
11761:2016
11724:2023
11638:See
11625:The
11551:the
11531:The
11518:and
11069:and
10943:and
10909:the
10752:Peru
10390:Peru
8177:Cuba
7502:lit.
7463:and
7300:Cuba
6598:Peru
4173:Cuba
4157:Cuba
3999:1914
3652:Cuba
3647:Cuba
3054:Cuba
2747:Peru
1948:and
1882:Saba
1687:Cuba
1611:king
1552:and
1377:Lima
1373:Peru
1350:Peru
1342:and
1295:and
1106:The
1075:and
1033:and
1031:Peru
998:and
952:and
950:Cuba
897:and
876:and
828:and
826:Cuba
760:and
748:and
744:The
726:and
712:gold
662:The
656:and
636:and
609:and
508:The
502:and
438:Guam
295:The
61:news
13845:Art
10679:.
9921:of
9644:in
8004:(a
7869:(a
7351:20
7271:19
7222:to
7162:18
7111:17
7060:16
7008:15
6947:14
6886:13
6804:12
6743:11
6680:10
6156:No
4527:No
4446:No
4397:No
4346:No
4263:No
4182:No
4151:No
4120:No
4039:No
3988:No
2019:by
1956:of
1589:in
1367:of
1146:.
889:In
44:by
14423::
12677:—
12531:—
12482:,
12185:,
12128:,
12040:.
12036:.
11916::
11912:,
11908:.
11879:.
11839:.
11835:.
11790:.
11749:42
11741:.
11714:.
11710:.
11547:.
11196:,
11180:^
11149:^
11065:;
11006:.
10939:,
10790:.
10770:,
10766:,
10762:,
10491:)'
9694:.
9204:;
7581:.
7499:,
7495::
7205:)
6627:9
6575:8
6523:7
6468:6
6416:5
6401:?
6363:4
6311:3
6255:2
6233:?
6182:1
5665:;
5654:;
5628:;
5609:;
5513:-
5461:-
5401:-
5349:-
5297:-
5245:-
5193:-
5141:-
5089:-
5037:-
4985:-
4933:-
4881:-
3604:-
3578:-
3539:-
3500:-
3474:-
3448:-
3396:-
3344:-
3305:-
3225:-
3186:-
3147:-
2690:-
2644:-
2382:,
2116:,
1944:,
1682::
1667:.
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