845:
832:
819:
1878:
802:
53:
249:
2012. Among its recommendations, the Task Force recommended the creation of a cyber command (DCyA), an aerospace command and a special operations command. All three units were proposed to be tri-service commands in order to bring the various special forces units of the military under a unified
549:
294:, the DCyA would have the responsibility of framing a long-term policy for the security of military networks, including eliminating the use of foreign hardware and software in the Indian Armed Forces, and preparing a
509:
683:
747:
657:
480:
174:
Mohit Gupta was appointed in May 2019 as the first head of the DCyA. The DCyA was expected to be operational by
November 2019. As of 2021, DCyA was fully operational with Army,
603:
1802:
237:. The committee conducted the first holistic review of national security since the Kargil Review Committee and submitted its classified report to Prime Minister
921:
575:
1939:
1772:
1574:
455:
1777:
1484:
1479:
1321:
411:
1929:
936:
1535:
1048:
708:
1689:
971:
1060:
1662:
931:
926:
791:
269:
on 28 September 2018. The existing
Defence Information Assurance and Research Agency was upgraded to form the new Defence Cyber Agency.
1489:
1474:
1461:
1528:
1092:
1038:
382:
338:
258:
138:
68:
1767:
1469:
1540:
1314:
1934:
1704:
1299:
993:
1924:
1720:
1613:
1523:
1331:
1548:
1383:
1351:
1013:
976:
1667:
895:
534:
197:, assess the implementation progress, and suggest new reforms related to national security. The task force was led by
1746:
1346:
1294:
1003:
983:
916:
886:
396:
369:
187:
153:
threats. The DCyA draws personnel from all three branches of the Armed Forces. The head of the DCyA is an officer of
1833:
1741:
1736:
1699:
1378:
1289:
1067:
906:
406:
343:
1657:
1553:
1072:
901:
784:
629:
348:
748:"New Defence Cyber Agency Will Have to Work Around Stovepipes Built by Army, Navy & Air Force: Lt Gen Hooda"
1848:
1782:
966:
911:
891:
326:
158:
1858:
1629:
1130:
988:
202:
722:
1309:
1246:
1241:
1196:
434:
307:
282:
reported that the DCyA would have the capability to hack into networks, mount surveillance operations, lay
1828:
1818:
1518:
1281:
1206:
1191:
1186:
1043:
961:
876:
429:
358:
214:
1919:
1881:
1373:
1356:
998:
777:
320:
278:
1896:
1823:
1751:
1304:
1261:
1201:
881:
401:
210:
1393:
1256:
1211:
1125:
1120:
1077:
1055:
1008:
363:
353:
332:
162:
88:
1590:
1251:
1135:
1115:
1110:
871:
456:"India setting up tri-service commands for special forces, cyber security, and space |Jane's 360"
287:
194:
1694:
1608:
1513:
1508:
1494:
1401:
1168:
684:"India set to have Defence Cyber Agency in May; Rear Admiral Mohit Gupta to be its first chief"
1853:
1843:
1838:
1566:
1163:
1158:
1140:
291:
1891:
1886:
1634:
1361:
1087:
377:
283:
254:
658:"Formation of Indian armed forces' special operations unit begins, to have 3000 commandos"
8:
1639:
1409:
1216:
805:
481:"India set to have Defence Cyber Agency in May; Rear Admiral Mohit to be its first chief"
142:
1647:
1366:
1236:
866:
1599:
702:
335:, tri-services command at strategic level composed of MoD, MEA and tri-services staff
190:
150:
1863:
1558:
1451:
1441:
1178:
850:
175:
1456:
1423:
1388:
266:
290:
channels, and perform other complex objectives. According to
Lieutenant General
178:, and Navy establishing their respective Cyber Emergency Response Teams (CERT).
238:
222:
198:
1913:
1030:
423:
262:
226:
154:
576:"Policy Report: The Unending Quest to Reform India National Security System"
1503:
769:
295:
234:
218:
171:
117:
78:
1150:
1102:
837:
824:
230:
168:
1446:
1416:
801:
583:
S. Rajaratnam School of
International Studies (RSIS) (www.rsis.edu.sg)
535:"'GOI in final stage of formulating National Cyber Security strategy'"
146:
99:
286:, recover deleted data from hard drives and cellphones, break into
510:"Agencies take shape for special operations, space, cyber war"
58:
323:, tri-services command at policy level with NSA as its chief
604:"All eyes on Naresh Chandra report on natl security today"
186:
The Naresh
Chandra Task Force was set up in July 2011 by
1604:(Portuguese India - Goa, Damaon, Silvassa & Diu)
253:
The creation of the
Defence Cyber Agency (DCyA), the
1911:
1536:Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War
972:Department of Defence Research and Development
922:Director General Armed Forces Medical Services
329:, professional head of the Indian Armed Forces
265:during the Combined Commanders' Conference at
1690:Defence Research and Development Organisation
785:
1940:Joint military units and formations of India
799:
707:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1549:Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait
792:
778:
272:
1093:Armed Forces Special Operations Division
630:"Defence Reforms: A National Imperative"
339:Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands
259:Armed Forces Special Operations Division
1930:Government agencies established in 2018
627:
261:(AFSOD) was approved by Prime Minister
1912:
503:
501:
773:
573:
193:to review the recommendations of the
149:, the agency is tasked with handling
1721:List of equipment of the Indian Army
977:Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare
498:
13:
896:Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee
681:
16:Command of the Indian Armed Forces
14:
1951:
1803:Indian Maritime Security Strategy
547:
507:
397:List of Indian Air Force stations
1877:
1876:
1834:Women in the Indian Armed Forces
1457:Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes
1068:Northern Theatre Command (India)
843:
830:
817:
800:
407:List of active Indian Navy ships
370:Indian Nuclear Command Authority
344:Northern Theatre Command (India)
51:
1554:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
1073:Western Theatre Command (India)
740:
715:
675:
412:India's overseas military bases
349:Western Theatre Command (India)
250:command and control structure.
1849:Indian Armed Forces rank flags
967:Department of Military Affairs
650:
628:Kanwal, Gurmeet; Kohli, Neha.
621:
596:
567:
541:
527:
473:
448:
327:Chief of Defence Staff (India)
221:(retired), Lieutenant General
139:integrated tri-services agency
69:Integrated tri-services agency
32:Established: 28 September 2018
1:
1663:Counter-insurgency operations
994:Standing Committee on Defence
989:Cabinet Committee on Security
550:"Shutting his ears to change"
441:
203:Indian Administrative Service
1935:2018 establishments in India
435:List of cyber warfare forces
308:List of cyber warfare forces
7:
1925:Ministry of Defence (India)
1705:Weapons of mass destruction
1519:Nathu La and Cho La clashes
1509:Sino-Indian border skirmish
1044:Andaman and Nicobar Command
1039:Integrated Theatre Commands
1014:Defence Intelligence Agency
917:Vice Chief of Defence Staff
574:Joshi, Manoj (March 2014).
430:Credible minimum deterrence
383:Special Operations Division
366:, nuclear command of India
359:Air Defence Command (India)
301:
215:Srinivasapuram Krishnaswamy
10:
1956:
1575:Indo-Myanmar border strike
999:Defence Planning Committee
372:, Strategic Forces Command
321:Defence Planning Committee
181:
1872:
1811:
1795:
1760:
1729:
1713:
1682:
1622:
1583:
1432:
1339:
1330:
1310:Border Roads Organisation
1274:
1262:Border Roads Organisation
1229:
1202:South Western Air Command
1177:
1149:
1101:
1029:
1022:
1004:Nuclear Command Authority
984:National Security Council
952:
945:
887:National Security Advisor
859:
812:
402:List of Indian Navy bases
267:Jodhpur Air Force Station
211:Gopalaswami Parthasarathy
209:other members, including
205:officer, and comprised 13
188:National Security Advisor
111:
106:
95:
84:
74:
64:
46:
28:
23:
1829:President's Colour Award
1819:President's fleet review
1078:Maritime Theatre Command
1056:Strategic Forces Command
1009:Integrated Defence Staff
907:Chief of the Naval Staff
508:P, Rajat (16 May 2019).
364:Strategic Forces Command
354:Maritime Theatre Command
333:Integrated Defence Staff
163:Integrated Defence Staff
89:Integrated Defence Staff
902:Chief of the Army Staff
682:Apr 30, ANI | Updated.
288:encrypted communication
195:Kargil Review Committee
1695:Ordnance Factory Board
1614:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
1322:Awards and Decorations
1169:Southern Naval Command
912:Chief of the Air Staff
892:Chief of Defence Staff
662:The New Indian Express
273:Area of responsibility
159:Chief of Defence Staff
1859:National War Memorial
1854:Indian military bands
1844:Armed Forces Tribunal
1839:Armed Forces Flag Day
1164:Eastern Naval Command
1159:Western Naval Command
1141:Army Training Command
1131:South Western Command
292:Deependra Singh Hooda
157:, and reports to the
1362:Battle of Asal Uttar
1242:National Cadet Corps
1197:Southern Air Command
1088:Defence Space Agency
1083:Defence Cyber Agency
723:"Three-pronged plan"
378:Defence Space Agency
255:Defence Space Agency
213:, Air Chief Marshal
131:Defence Cyber Agency
24:Defence Cyber Agency
1773:Historical Aircraft
1668:LOC surgical strike
1410:Battle of Longewala
1347:Indo-Pakistani wars
1315:Paramilitary forces
1286:Ranks and insignia
1247:Paramilitary forces
1217:Maintenance Command
1207:Western Air Command
1192:Eastern Air Command
1187:Central Air Command
962:Ministry of Defence
955:Committees/Councils
877:Minister of Defence
806:Indian Armed Forces
315:Integrated entities
217:(retired), Admiral
145:. Headquartered in
143:Indian Armed Forces
1778:Aircraft Squadrons
1700:Ballistic missiles
1367:Battle of Chawinda
1282:Military Academies
1237:Indian Coast Guard
1061:Commander-in-Chief
1049:Commander-in-Chief
688:The Times of India
514:The Times of India
161:(CDS) through the
1920:Military of India
1907:
1906:
1791:
1790:
1678:
1677:
1495:Balakot airstrike
1270:
1269:
1225:
1224:
882:Defence Secretary
426:, general concept
191:Shivshankar Menon
124:
123:
1947:
1880:
1879:
1864:Amar Jawan Jyoti
1742:Historical Ships
1711:
1710:
1452:Siachen conflict
1442:Kashmir conflict
1337:
1336:
1257:Territorial Army
1230:Other components
1212:Training Command
1126:Southern Command
1121:Northern Command
1027:
1026:
950:
949:
937:Serving marshals
932:Serving admirals
927:Serving generals
851:Indian Air Force
849:
847:
846:
836:
834:
833:
823:
821:
820:
804:
794:
787:
780:
771:
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
744:
738:
737:
735:
733:
719:
713:
712:
706:
698:
696:
694:
679:
673:
672:
670:
668:
654:
648:
647:
645:
643:
634:
625:
619:
618:
616:
614:
600:
594:
593:
591:
589:
580:
571:
565:
564:
562:
560:
545:
539:
538:
537:. 4 August 2021.
531:
525:
524:
522:
520:
505:
496:
495:
493:
491:
477:
471:
470:
468:
466:
452:
437:of other nations
418:General concepts
310:of other nations
248:
244:
208:
57:
55:
54:
21:
20:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1868:
1807:
1787:
1768:Active Aircraft
1756:
1725:
1709:
1674:
1630:Northeast India
1618:
1579:
1524:Doklam standoff
1434:
1428:
1424:Sino-Indian War
1389:Battle of Chamb
1326:
1266:
1221:
1173:
1145:
1136:Western Command
1116:Eastern Command
1111:Central Command
1097:
1018:
954:
941:
855:
844:
842:
831:
829:
818:
816:
808:
798:
768:
767:
757:
755:
746:
745:
741:
731:
729:
721:
720:
716:
700:
699:
692:
690:
680:
676:
666:
664:
656:
655:
651:
641:
639:
632:
626:
622:
612:
610:
602:
601:
597:
587:
585:
578:
572:
568:
558:
556:
546:
542:
533:
532:
528:
518:
516:
506:
499:
489:
487:
479:
478:
474:
464:
462:
454:
453:
449:
444:
304:
275:
257:(DSA), and the
246:
242:
206:
184:
127:
113:
52:
50:
38:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1953:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1747:Weapon Systems
1744:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1343:
1341:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1252:Special forces
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
980:
979:
974:
969:
958:
956:
947:
943:
942:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
889:
884:
879:
874:
872:Prime Minister
869:
863:
861:
857:
856:
854:
853:
840:
827:
813:
810:
809:
797:
796:
789:
782:
774:
766:
765:
754:. 26 June 2019
739:
714:
674:
649:
620:
595:
566:
548:Joshi, Manoj.
540:
526:
497:
472:
446:
445:
443:
440:
439:
438:
432:
427:
420:
419:
415:
414:
409:
404:
399:
393:
392:
388:
387:
386:
385:
380:
375:
374:
373:
361:
356:
351:
346:
336:
330:
324:
317:
316:
312:
311:
303:
300:
274:
271:
239:Manmohan Singh
223:V. R. Raghavan
199:Naresh Chandra
183:
180:
151:cyber security
125:
122:
121:
115:
109:
108:
104:
103:
97:
93:
92:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
44:
43:
30:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1952:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
959:
957:
951:
948:
944:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
897:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
862:
858:
852:
841:
839:
828:
826:
815:
814:
811:
807:
803:
795:
790:
788:
783:
781:
776:
775:
772:
753:
749:
743:
728:
724:
718:
710:
704:
689:
685:
678:
663:
659:
653:
638:
631:
624:
609:
605:
599:
584:
577:
570:
555:
551:
544:
536:
530:
515:
511:
504:
502:
486:
482:
476:
461:
460:www.janes.com
457:
451:
447:
436:
433:
431:
428:
425:
424:Joint warfare
422:
421:
417:
416:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
390:
389:
384:
381:
379:
376:
371:
368:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
318:
314:
313:
309:
306:
305:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
270:
268:
264:
263:Narendra Modi
260:
256:
251:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:Anil Kakodkar
224:
220:
216:
212:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
179:
177:
173:
170:
166:
164:
160:
156:
155:two-star rank
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
126:Military unit
119:
116:
110:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
79:Cyber Warfare
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
49:
45:
42:
39:Operational:
37:
36:November 2019
31:
27:
22:
19:
1812:Other topics
1737:Active Ships
1649:
1641:
1623:Insurgencies
1601:
1592:
1568:
1560:
1542:
1504:Congo Crisis
1463:
1404:Cactus-Lilly
1403:
1395:
1082:
953:Ministry and
946:Organisation
756:. Retrieved
751:
742:
730:. Retrieved
726:
717:
691:. Retrieved
687:
677:
665:. Retrieved
661:
652:
640:. Retrieved
636:
623:
611:. Retrieved
607:
598:
586:. Retrieved
582:
569:
557:. Retrieved
553:
543:
529:
517:. Retrieved
513:
488:. Retrieved
484:
475:
463:. Retrieved
459:
450:
296:cyberwarfare
277:
276:
252:
235:V. K. Duggal
219:Arun Prakash
201:, a retired
185:
172:Rear Admiral
167:
134:
130:
128:
118:Rear Admiral
96:Headquarters
85:Part of
40:
35:
18:
1595:(Hyderabad)
1584:Annexations
1569:Devi Shakti
1305:Coast Guard
838:Indian Navy
825:Indian Army
554:India Today
231:K. C. Verma
225:(retired),
169:Indian Navy
120:Mohit Gupta
41:August 2021
34:Activated:
1914:Categories
1648:Operation
1640:Operation
1600:Operation
1591:Operation
1567:Operation
1559:Operation
1541:Operation
1462:Operation
1447:Korean War
1417:Kargil War
1402:Operation
1394:Operation
1332:Operations
860:Leadership
588:6 December
442:References
298:doctrine.
107:Commanders
1897:Air Force
1796:Documents
1761:Air Force
1683:Equipment
1642:Blue Star
1485:2016–2018
1480:2014–2015
1435:Conflicts
1433:External
1379:Naval War
1352:1947–1948
1300:Air Force
1275:Personnel
1179:Air Force
867:President
637:Brookings
284:honeypots
176:Air Force
147:New Delhi
114:commander
100:New Delhi
1882:Category
1650:Woodrose
1609:Junagadh
1464:Parakram
1023:Commands
727:The Week
703:cite web
302:See also
279:The Week
137:) is an
1824:History
1658:Kashmir
1396:Trident
1384:Air War
758:15 July
732:12 June
693:12 June
667:12 June
642:12 June
613:12 June
559:12 June
519:12 June
490:12 June
465:12 June
182:History
165:(IDS).
141:of the
112:Current
102:, India
47:Country
1783:Future
1752:Future
1635:Punjab
1561:Raahat
1543:Cactus
848:
835:
822:
752:News18
608:Rediff
391:Assets
247:
243:
233:, and
207:
56:
29:Active
1602:Vijay
1031:Joint
633:(PDF)
579:(PDF)
241:on 23
91:(IDS)
59:India
1892:Navy
1887:Army
1730:Navy
1714:Army
1593:Polo
1529:2020
1514:1987
1490:2019
1475:2013
1470:2011
1374:1971
1357:1965
1340:Wars
1295:Navy
1290:Army
1151:Navy
1103:Army
760:2019
734:2019
709:link
695:2019
669:2019
644:2019
615:2019
590:2018
561:2019
521:2019
492:2019
467:2019
135:DCyA
129:The
75:Role
65:Type
485:ANI
245:May
1916::
750:.
725:.
705:}}
701:{{
686:.
660:.
635:.
606:.
581:.
552:.
512:.
500:^
483:.
458:.
229:,
898:)
894:(
793:e
786:t
779:v
762:.
736:.
711:)
697:.
671:.
646:.
617:.
592:.
563:.
523:.
494:.
469:.
133:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.