2417:
2014:
715:
468:
325:
481:
542:
530:
518:
506:
275:
2901:. Almost all cities, towns, castles and churches in locations where Swedish troops were stationed were destroyed, and in guides to many Polish towns and cities one can find notes that read "object destroyed during Swedish invasion". From the Royal Castle in Warsaw the Swedes plundered approximately 200 paintings, a number of carpets and Turkish tents, musical instruments, furniture, Chinese porcelain, weapons, books, manuscripts, marbles, even dresses of maids and door frames pulled from walls. Meanwhile, the Russian invaders in the east had also destroyed and damaged much of the eastern part's infrastructure, partly due to heavy agricultural fertile developments there.
668:
650:
351:
1794:
2847:
5283:
554:
313:
620:
410:
338:
3103:
in the 1660 Treaty of Oliwa, Sweden pledged to return all stolen goods, which never happened. The MP had previously intervened at the Polish
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Culture; he also visited the Embassy of Sweden in Warsaw. A businessman from Warsaw, Sławian Krzywiński, joined Poznański, creating the Foundation of Reconstruction of Destruction Caused by the Swedish Invasion (Fundacja Odbudowy Zniszczeń Dokonanych w Czasie Potopu Szwedzkiego). According to Krzywiński, looted goods are still kept in Swedish museums and private collections. Among others, Poland lost the
4706:
685:
440:
703:
397:
287:
4409:
Baltici musiał się rozwiać, a siła ofensywna
Szwecji została złamana . Dlatego też wynik wojny północnej w porównaniu z wynikien trzydziestoletniej należy uznać za cofnięcie się Szwecji z po mocarstwowej. Mimo że elektor brandenburski oddawał Pomorze, które miał przecier w ręku, to on właśnie był głównym triumfatorem w Oliwie. Udało mu sie bowiem osiągnąć w wojnie 1655–1660 największy sukces swego panowania zrzucenie zwierzchności polskiej w Prusach, natomiast Szwecji nie udało się usadowić na południowych wybrzeżach Bałtyku.
2294:
2181:
633:
423:
300:
727:
454:
602:
590:
572:
385:
5537:
5546:
5558:
163:
695:
677:
612:
2546:
36:
1574:. Rottermund claims that Swedish invaders robbed the Commonwealth of its most important riches, and most of the stolen items never returned to Poland. Warsaw, the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, was destroyed by the Swedes, and out of a pre-war population of 20,000, only 2,000 remained in the city after the war. According to the 2012 Polish estimates, the material damage caused by the Swedish army amounted to 4 billion
2211:, but on March 16 they returned to Jarosław without success. On March 22, the Swedish army set off northwards, along the San and Vistula rivers, back to Warsaw. They were followed by units of Stefan Czarniecki and Aleksander Koniecpolski, and during the retreat, Polish troops supporting the invaders changed sides, joining the forces of John Casimir. On March 30, the starving, cold and tired Swedish army of 5,000 stopped near
365:
2618:. In August 1659, the Polish army captured Głowa and Grudziądz, and soon afterwards, the starving Swedish garrison at Brodnica surrendered. The siege of Malbork was continued, and Polish – Brandenburgian troops blocked Elbląg. In December 1659, the siege of Elbląg began. Meanwhile, in late 1658, the Polish–Russian truce ended when Russian forces under
2040:. The defense of Jasna Góra galvanized Polish resistance against the Swedes. The news of the siege spread across the nation, and in several areas guerrilla units were created, outraged at the Swedes' attempt to seize the monastery. On December 7, 1655, the unit of Colonel Gabriel Wojniłłowicz defeated the Swedes and their Polish collaborators near
4219:„Porównując postanowienia trzech traktatów pokojowych z lat 1660–1661 (łącznie z układem z Rosją – L.P.) z planami ekspansji Karola Gustawa wypadałoby stwierdzić, że wojna północna skończyła się porażką Szwecji – pisał Adam Kersten, Historia Szwecji – Rzeczpospolita i Dania zachowały integralność terytorialną i niezależność.
2930:) sent official missions to Sweden, but without success. In most situations, Swedish authorities claimed that they did not know where stolen goods were. In 1911, Kraków's Academy of Science sent its own mission, which was made up of renowned professors Eugeniusz Barwiński, Ludwik Birkenmajer and Jan Łoś. In Stockholm and
2471:. The Swedish withdrawal made Rákóczi uneasy, as he was well aware of the poor quality of his soldiers. On July 7–8, 1656, at Łańcut Castle, King John Casimir and his hetmans agreed that Stefan Czarniecki would follow Rákóczi and the Cossacks, while Lubomirski's and Potocki's divisions together with Crimean Tatars.
2490:. Three days later, Rákóczi signed a peace treaty with the Commonwealth, in which he promised to break the alliance with Sweden, withdraw his troops from Kraków and Brześć Litewski, and pay for the damage inflicted by his army. On July 26, remnants of the Transylvanian army were surrounded by the Tatars near
2266:, but other Polish leaders opposed this idea. Charles Gustav decided to prevent the Poles from taking control of the northern districts of the country, and departed Warsaw with an army of 10,000 (April 17). On April 21, the Lithuanians under Sapieha freed Lublin, and on April 23, the Lithuanian army reached
3094:
According to the estimates of Polish scholars I. Ihnatowicz, Z. Landau, A. Mączak and B. Zientara, the invasion by the
Swedish army and its allies (Brandenburg-Prussia and Transilvania), resulted in the loss of 25% of the population in four core Polish provinces. Lesser Poland lost 23% of population,
2474:
The
Ottomans were offended that George II Rakoczi, who was officially their vassal, did not ask their approval to attack Poland and did not want to open another war (in that time they tried to attack Venice through Dalmatia) but when he ignored them they ordered the Crimean Tatars to help the Polish
2387:
signed an alliance with Poland, and the relations between the
Commonwealth and Transylvania were friendly. George had even been offered the Polish crown, on condition that he convert to Catholicism. Stunning Swedish successes, however, made Rákóczi change his mind. On May 18, 1656, Charles X Gustav,
3133:
One of the most notable effects of the devastating Deluge was the subsequent weakening of Poland's international standing. While Sweden destroyed more, Russia also took part and was second only to Sweden in the level of destruction. With the entire Polish nation crippled by the Swedes and
Russians,
3102:
member of the Polish parliament, announced his plan to send thousands of postcards to
European politicians and journalists, in which he wanted to convince the recipients that Poland should get financial compensation from Sweden for the destruction of the country in the deluge. Poznański claims that
2934:
they found 205 manuscripts and 168 rare Polish books, describing their foundings in a report. In 2002, the Warsaw Royal Castle organized an exhibition, "Eagle and Three Crowns", which presented many items stolen from Poland, and kept in
Swedish museums. After the Deluge, the Commonwealth became a
4408:
Wbrew pozorom wynik drugiej wojny północnej był niekorzystny dla
Szwecji. Pewne nabytki terytorialne kosztem Danii, zachowanie w innych przypadkach status quo ante bellum nie mogły przesłonić faktu, że nie udało się Szwedom dokończyć dzieła tworzenia nadbałtyckiego imperium, sen • Dominium Maris
2568:, which after the Treaty of Bromberg changed sides. Altogether, almost 25,000 soldiers besieged Toruń. After a prolonged artillery bombardment, the main attack took place in the night of November 16–17, and on December 30 Toruń capitulated. Meanwhile, Stefan Czarniecki's division headed to
2943:
were not destroyed, and when
Swedish soldiers were unable to steal an item, they would destroy or burn it. In ruins were castles, palaces, churches, abbeys, towns and villages. As a result of the Swedish invasion, few pre-Baroque buildings remained in Poland. An estimated 3 million died.
2754:, the treaty aimed to change the face of Eastern Europe. However, its terms never came into full operation: in addition to the unpopularity of continued integration with the Commonwealth with the majority of the Cossacks, Russia refused to recognize Hadiach, and maintained its claims to
2317:
was promised sovereignty in four voivodeships – Poznań, Kalisz, Łęczyca, and Sieradz. On July 28, a reinforced Swedish–Brandenburgian army, under Charles Gustav, set out for Warsaw. Even though the allied army was smaller, it still managed to defeat the Poles and Lithuanians in the
2837:
Some claim that Sweden won the war. However, other historians claim that Sweden lost the war. Other historians also claim that the war ended favourably for Sweden. With other historians claiming the war to have ended favourably for the Commonwealth or unfavourably for Sweden.
2917:
and then to Sweden. In November 2011, archaeologists of the University of Warsaw found approximately 70 items (total weight five tons), which probably come from the Warsaw Royal Castle. They sank in the Vistula while being transported to Sweden. Even though Article 9 of the
2560:, began a campaign in Royal Prussia, where several key towns and cities were still in Swedish hands. On July 1, the siege of Toruń began. The heavily fortified city was defended by 2400 soldiers under Barthod Hartwig von Bülow. The Polish troops included the divisions of
1732:. He became King in 1648. However, some of the nobility supported Charles Gustav (King of Sweden from 1654 to 1660 and John Casimir's cousin) for the Polish–Lithuanian throne. Many members of the Polish nobility regarded John Casimir as a weak king or a "Jesuit-King";
1962:(October 20, 1655), which ended Lithuania's union with Poland. The decision of the Radziwiłłs was the result of the 1654 Russian invasion, as Janusz Radziwiłł accused the Poles of not helping the Lithuanians with the defence of the Grand Duchy. The Russian capture of
2370:
promised to aid John Casimir with 12,000 troops against the Swedish-Brandenburgian alliance. By late 1656, Swedish troops had been pushed out of most of the Commonwealth. They only held the right-bank half of Royal Prussia, northern Mazovia, Łowicz, Kraków, and
2525:, where it spent the winter. Polish army commanders and King John Casimir, gathered in Poznań on November 26, decided to delay the attack on Swedish forces in Royal Prussia until spring 1658. On November 6, 1657, Poland and Brandenburg–Prussia signed the
2482:. To save his skin, the ruler of Transylvania began a quick retreat southwards, towards the Carpathians. On July 11, Stefan Czarniecki's division defeated Rákóczi at Magierów near Lwów, and on July 20, the Transylvanian-Cossack army was destroyed in the
2388:
in a letter sent from Malbork, offered the Hungarian prince Red Ruthenia, in exchange for military support against the Commonwealth. Meanwhile, Rákóczi had already been negotiating with Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and on September 7, 1656, Transylvania and the
2713:
in the territories controlled by the Commonwealth. In all these other invasions, only the Russian invaders caused the most similar damages to the Swedes, due to Russian raids, destructions and rapid incursion which crippled Polish industries.
2173:. On March 3, Charles Gustav, whose units were harassed by Polish guerilla forces, decided to retreat. At the same time, guerilla warfare also broke out in Mazovia and Greater Poland, and Lithuanian units under the Grand Hetman of Lithuania
4317:
Fredsförhandlingarna togs med förnyad kraft och den 23 april 1660 slöts freden i Oliva mellan å ena sidan Sverige å andra Polen, Brandenburg och Österrike. Det var en bra fred för Sverige. Hotet från Polen var över och bara det var en god
4485:
2304:
Already in late 1655, Charles Gustav realized that it would be impossible for him to control the Commonwealth. The Swedish king decided to find allies, who would help him to divide Poland-Lithuania. On June 29, 1656, he signed the
2818:
renounced his right to claim the Swedish throne for himself and those who succeeded him. He did, however, retain the title of King of Sweden for the rest of his life. Sweden had pledged to uphold freedom of trade in the Baltic.
2813:
signed in 1660 meant that: Poland gave up most of Livonia with Riga, retaining only part of it (Latgale – the south-eastern part of Livonia) which was in Russian hands at the time, until the Armistice of Andrusov in 1667. King
3095:
Mazovia 40% in villages and 70% in towns, Greater Poland 50% in villages and 60% in towns. Royal Prussia lost some 60% of its population. The Commonwealth's population losses are estimated at between 30% and 50% in 1648–1660.
2908:
Institute of Archeology says that Swedes stole anything they could lay their hands on – windows, stairs, chimneys, sculptures, floors, doors and gates. Most goods were loaded on boats and transported along the
2396:
was signed, which divided Poland-Lithuania among Charles X Gustav, Bogusław Radziwiłł, Elector Frederick William, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and George II Rákóczi. In late January 1657, the Transylvanian army of 25,000 crossed the
2354:(November 20), which granted full sovereignty to the Prussian ruler, in exchange for his complete military support of Sweden in the ongoing war. The Commonwealth, on the other hand, had already been negotiating with the
2326:, where they regrouped, and were soon ready to continue fighting. Finally, Charles Gustav decided to abandon Warsaw, and retreat to Royal Prussia. To punish Brandenburg-Prussia, Commonwealth forces decided to invade the
1966:(August 9, 1655) and the subsequent slaughter of its residents convinced the Lithuanian nobility that Swedish protection was the best solution. The situation of the Commonwealth was desperate, but hope appeared with the
2451:. The joined forces began to follow the Polish Crown army under Stanisław Potocki, and the Lithuanian army under Paweł Sapieha, to force a decisive battle. On April 29, the Polish and Lithuanian armies joined forces at
2889:, the Swedish army robbed Poland of her most precious goods – thousands of works of art, books and valuables. Most of these items have never been returned to Poland, and are kept both in private Swedish hands and in
2443:, only 5,000 soldiers reached Kraków, which by the Treaty of Radnot, was to be ruled by Transylvania. After leaving 2,500 soldiers to help the Swedish garrison of Kraków, Rákóczi's army headed northwards, along the
2416:
2439:, and on March 28, he reached Kraków. Along the way to the ancient Polish capital, the Transylvanian-Cossack army burned and looted towns and villages, murdering thousands. Since his army was too busy looting
1644:, which technically already was at war with the Commonwealth (a ceasefire agreement existed from 1629 and was prolonged from 1635 to 1661), invaded in July 1655 and occupied the remaining half of the country.
3978:
7296:
2128:
While in Krosno, the Polish king found out about the end of the siege of Jasna Góra, and about the death of Janusz Radziwiłł. On January 12, 1656, John Casimir left Krosno, and after three days, arrived at
4185:
Wang, Kevin, and James Lee Ray. “Beginners and Winners: The Fate of Initiators of Interstate Wars Involving Great Powers Since 1495.” International Studies Quarterly, vol. 38, no. 1, 1994, pp. 139–154.
2239:. At Gorzyce, however, second-quality Polish forces remained, and the Swedish king managed to break out (April 5), and on April 13, Charles Gustav reached Warsaw. Meanwhile, the Polish king made the
2068:. By late 1655, the situation in southern Lesser Poland had deteriorated to such an extent for the invaders that on December 27 they decided to lift the siege of Jasna Góra. On December 16, 1655, in
2141:, which, together with Gdańsk, was one of only two major cities of the Commonwealth not seized by any of Poland's enemies. Soon Polish Army units began to concentrate in the area of Lwów, including
4097:
3020:
all Warsaw palaces – completely robbed were the Kazanowski Palace, the Ossoliński Palace, the Daniłłowicz Palace, the Primate Palace, the Bishophoric Palace, the Royal Palace and the Royal Castle,
3017:. Most of the stolen books are kept in the University Library at Uppsala, the Royal Library at Stockholm, and private libraries of the Bielke, Oxenstierna, Rosenhahne, Wrangel and Brahe families,
4481:
2793:
The Deluge brought to an end the era of religious tolerance in the Commonwealth: mostly non-Catholic invaders antagonized Catholic (including Uniate) population. The expulsion of the Protestant
1856:, Andrzej Karol Grudziński, argued with each other whether to fight or to give up. Polish troops lacked gunpowder, cannons, and even food, which was stolen at local villages by hungry soldiers.
3989:
1665:
emerged as one of the strongest kingdoms on the continent. It had a large army but little money to pay its soldiers. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, weakened by wars with the Cossacks and
4300:
1728:. Nevertheless, in December 1646, he returned to Poland and, in October 1647, resigned his position as Cardinal to stand for election to the Polish throne, after the death of his brother
2161:
fortress. Charles Gustav, after finding out about the return of the Polish king, ordered his armies to concentrate in Łowicz. On February 8, 1656, the Swedes defeated Czarniecki in the
2786:(right of the Dnieper). While initially the agreement stipulated that Russia would return Left-bank Ukraine to the Commonwealth in twenty years, the division became permanent with the
1986:, in which the Royal Prussian nobility agreed to allow Brandenburgian garrisons in their province to defend it against the Swedish invasion (the treaty did not include the cities of
1891:. Four days later, the Swedish army entered the Polish capital, becoming the first foreign army in history to capture Warsaw. King Charles Gustav left a garrison in Warsaw, under
2533:, which had previously allied itself with Sweden and attacked Poland, changed sides and guaranteed military support of the Commonwealth, in return for sovereignty (it had been a
3594:
5596:
3484:
2641:
was signed, which ended the Polish–Swedish War. After the conclusion of the conflict, Poland–Lithuania initiated a large offensive against the Russians, who were beaten in the
6506:
2498:, who himself was captured by the Tatars. After six months of fighting in Poland, Rákóczi's army of 25,000 ceased to exist, with all survivors taken prisoner by the Tatars.
1014:
4066:
3683:
3654:
2823:
3632:
2350:, which resulted in withdrawal of Brandenburger forces from most of Greater Poland. Charles Gustav, knowing that he needed the support of the Elector, agreed to sign the
3793:
2405:, where 10,000 Cossack allies awaited them. To face the new invader, the army of hetman Stanisław Rewera Potocki rushed southwards. At the same time (January 2), in the
2169:
on February 25. On March 1, realizing that without heavy guns it was impossible to capture the mighty stronghold, the Swedish army gave up the siege, and headed towards
7291:
4557:
2505:. Altogether, by autumn of that year, only some 8,000 Swedish soldiers remained in Poland–Lithuania. The Swedes still kept some Prussian cities, as Malbork, Elbląg,
1128:
7678:
6653:
4743:
3559:
During 'The Deluge', Commonwealth lost an estimated ⅓ of its population (proportionally higher losses than during World War II), and its status as a great power.
3817:"II. Rákóczi György 1657. évi lengyelországi hadjáratának diplomáciai háttere [The diplomatic background of György Rákóczi II's 1657 Polish campaign]"
7345:
2922:
stated that Sweden should return all stolen goods, all items are still kept in Stockholm and other Swedish locations. Several Polish kings (John II Casimir,
7394:
5470:
2025:
To prevent John Casimir's return to Poland, Swedish units protected the border with Silesia. On November 18, 1655, the Swedes besieged the monastery at
1501:
invasion and occupation of the Commonwealth as a theatre of the Second Northern War (1655–1660) only; in Poland and Lithuania this period is called the
5513:
3845:
A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
2665:
The Deluge was the climax of a series of wars that took place in Poland–Lithuania in the mid-17th century. The Commonwealth was first affected by the
5675:
1007:
2729:
to a position equal to that of Poland and Lithuania in the Polish–Lithuanian Union, and in fact transform the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth into a
1817:, one of the richest and most developed provinces of the Commonwealth, which had for centuries been unaffected by any military conflicts, and whose
7360:
6690:
6039:
5200:
2730:
789:
7479:
5426:
1169:
7557:
7224:
6916:
6365:
4957:
2431:
After joining the Cossacks, Rákóczi decided not to attack Lwów, but set off towards Kraków, where the situation of the Swedish garrison under
2235:, so John Casimir ordered the mounted units of Czarnecki and Lubomirski to face the margrave. Frederick's army was defeated on April 7 in the
7663:
7658:
7653:
7333:
2243:(April 1), in which he entrusted the Commonwealth to the Blessed Virgin Mary's protection, and declared her 'The Queen of the Polish Crown'.
1121:
2501:
On August 30, the Swedish garrison left Kraków, and throughout August and September 1657, all Swedish troops in Poland moved northwards, to
7574:
5942:
5803:
4983:
4806:
4331:
3191:
1000:
444:
4916:
4669:
7286:
7281:
6541:
4736:
3938:
3859:
2881:), which for the most part had not been affected by major wars for 200 years. According to Professor Andrzej Rottermund, manager of the
2013:
7202:
6602:
6361:
5569:
20:
3602:
4262:
3476:
2310:
1979:
981:
624:
594:
4951:
4933:
6828:
5071:
4939:
1114:
7673:
6519:
3538:
2463:, and on May 17, after a three-day siege, the Swedes, Cossacks, and Transylvanians captured Warsaw. Soon afterwards, however, the
6683:
6668:
6275:
5759:
5746:
5731:
5697:
5503:
5463:
4892:
2224:
1970:(November 3), in which Poland and the Tsardom of Russia formed an anti-Swedish alliance. With Russian forces attacking Sweden in
5842:
5692:
5417:
4969:
3691:
3658:
3624:
1903:
gave up resistance and surrendered to the invaders. The Polish king headed towards Kraków on September 25, and then fled to the
7434:
7365:
6658:
6592:
6456:
6061:
6044:
6034:
6022:
5975:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5871:
5866:
5736:
5709:
5219:
5206:
5146:
5105:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5037:
4911:
4848:
4729:
3319:
3281:
2710:
1694:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1043:
3890:
3789:
2113:
1841:, gathered there to face the Swedish Army, was more interested in drinking. To make matters worse, two powerful magnates, the
6962:
5601:
5591:
4362:
4310:
4245:
4111:
4080:
3713:
1810:
1751:
1443:
653:
100:
2537:
of Poland since 1466). This treaty is regarded by historian Józef Włodarski as one of the worst mistakes in Polish history.
7313:
7303:
6597:
6466:
6246:
5764:
5225:
4875:
4821:
4811:
2619:
2223:, where they were quickly surrounded by approximately 23,000 Poles and Lithuanians. To help the besieged army, on March 27
2105:
1978:), Poland finally had time to recoup and gather fresh forces. On October 12, 1655, with permission from King John Casimir,
782:
72:
4549:
4459:
3142:
in the latter half of the 18th century. As a result of the Deluge, the Commonwealth began a subsequent period of decline.
534:
7338:
3113:
7552:
7384:
7271:
6750:
6494:
6474:
6017:
5820:
5786:
5456:
5431:
4770:
4642:
4622:
4533:
4001:
3932:
3853:
1927:, on October 13, 1655. With the three most populated and best developed Polish provinces in his hands (Greater Poland,
1883:, the armies of Wittenberg and Charles Gustav joined forces, and headed for Warsaw. On September 2, the Poles lost the
1478:
279:
242:
197:
3023:
castles and churches, which were robbed and destroyed, as were almost all Polish towns; the most notable examples are
79:
7494:
7113:
7059:
7054:
7002:
6997:
6987:
6952:
6947:
6937:
6927:
6905:
6900:
6877:
6872:
6847:
6823:
6818:
6803:
6663:
6443:
6357:
6327:
6167:
6101:
5398:
5139:
4401:
4378:
4049:
4024:
3752:
3521:
3440:
3395:
3372:
3334:
2767:
1975:
1164:
119:
53:
5379:
2935:"cultural desert". Poland and Lithuania lost 67 libraries and 17 archives. Of all major cities of the country, only
2669:, which began in 1648, and affected southeastern provinces of the country. In the final stages of the uprising, the
2564:, Jan Sapieha and Stefan Czarniecki. Furthermore, they were provided support by the Brandenburgian-Prussian army of
1578:. 188 cities and towns, 186 villages, 136 churches, 89 palaces, and 81 castles were completely destroyed in Poland.
1241:
836:
7096:
7032:
6857:
6770:
6133:
5649:
5181:
4752:
2670:
2623:
2270:, which today is a right-bank district of Warsaw. The forces of Czarniecki and Lubomirski joined other troops near
1629:
1595:
1490:
1179:
1174:
153:
2342:(October 8), but after the Tatars decided to return to the Crimea, the Polish–Lithuanian army was defeated in the
7648:
7489:
7249:
7234:
7175:
6534:
6407:
5654:
5644:
5349:
2322:(July 28–30), and to recapture Warsaw. This victory, however, achieved little, as the Poles retreated behind the
2290:
with 2,000 soldiers, as the main Swedish army was busy besieging Gdańsk. Wittenberg capitulated on July 1, 1656.
2170:
1221:
816:
775:
7389:
3121:. Krzywiński states that as an act of goodwill, the Swedish side should cover the cost of reconstruction of the
86:
6957:
6921:
6226:
6148:
4212:
2573:
2464:
2432:
1895:, and headed southwards, in pursuit of John Casimir. On September 16, the Swedes defeated Polish troops in the
1747:
1184:
57:
6394:
3820:
7372:
7123:
6852:
6678:
6673:
6628:
5900:
5791:
5508:
5479:
5187:
4778:
2798:
2467:
began, and Charles X Gustav left Poland with most of his troops. The remaining Swedish army was commanded by
2367:
1892:
1704:
The Polish–Lithuanian King John II Casimir (reigned 1648–68) lacked support among the Commonwealth nobility (
1204:
1138:
1073:
1038:
1431:
976:
7688:
7683:
7449:
7419:
7414:
7355:
7244:
7239:
7207:
7148:
7069:
7027:
6910:
6344:
6138:
5849:
5253:
5247:
4977:
2787:
2521:. On September 11, an Austrian army of 11,000, allied with Poland, concentrated near Kraków and set off to
1558:
During the wars the Commonwealth lost approximately one third of its population as well as its status as a
1421:
68:
6389:
1632:. In the summer of 1654, the Russians managed to capture most important cities and strongholds of today's
1271:
871:
7584:
7567:
7439:
7308:
7276:
7212:
7101:
6992:
6977:
6813:
6501:
6280:
6250:
6195:
6190:
5741:
1955:
1770:
1199:
1090:
4333:
Historya wyzwolonéj Rzeczypospolitéj wpadającej pod jarzmo domowe za panowania Jana Kaźmierza, 1655–1660
3965:
in the 19th century. For varying estimates of the numbers of Jews killed and for extensive sources, see
3251:
2478:
On June 20, 1657, Stenbock was ordered by Charles X Gustav to abandon Rákóczi and head with his army to
2475:
troops and punish Rakoczi. They already replaced Rakoczi's vassal voivodes from Moldavia and Wallachia.
2097:
1746:, an old enemy of the Polish King who had been exiled to Sweden, encouraged Charles Gustav to claim the
7668:
7484:
7022:
7012:
6982:
6972:
6587:
6527:
6479:
6214:
6202:
5523:
5498:
5387:
4816:
4614:
4268:
3513:
3477:"Potop szwedzko-rosyjski, czyli III wojna północna (Swedish–Russian Deluge, or the Third Northern War)"
2447:. On April 12, 1657, the Transylvanian-Cossack army met with Swedish forces under Charles X Gustav, at
2250:, to support guerrilla forces active there. By April 9, Polish troops reached Royal Prussia, capturing
2220:
2101:
1868:
1766:
1095:
667:
649:
576:
3966:
2565:
2483:
1755:
1376:
951:
671:
7323:
7217:
7017:
6312:
6219:
5628:
5360:
5354:
5306:
4800:
3990:
The Jews of Poland: A Social and Economic History of the Jewish Community in Poland from 1100 to 1800
3314:
3299:
3190:, a patriot who valiantly fought against the Swedish invasion. The film received a nomination for an
2406:
2331:
1736:
1361:
941:
546:
5606:
2392:
signed a peace treaty, which obliged both sides to help each other in war. On December 8, 1656, the
1947:. The Swedes, who were generally superior in training, discipline, and equipment, advanced rapidly.
1924:
1570:, the destruction of Poland in the Deluge was more extensive than the destruction of the country in
1346:
961:
831:
19:
This article is about the 17th-century Swedish invasion. For the 18th-century Swedish invasion, see
7643:
7464:
7170:
6745:
6549:
6307:
6270:
4760:
3289:'s trilogy) contains a quest called "The Deluge" that is based on the events of the actual Deluge.
2801:
also fell victim to violence carried out by the Zaporozhian Cossacks and Polish-Lithuanian forces.
2627:
2626:). The Russians managed to capture large parts of the Commonwealth, but were later defeated in the
2585:
2278:, despite their numerical superiority. After the battle, the surviving Polish units regrouped near
1951:
1778:
971:
4587:
4429:
2927:
2549:
1793:
1609:
1396:
966:
7377:
7106:
6725:
6317:
6295:
6285:
6049:
6027:
6009:
5829:
5684:
5581:
5212:
5111:
5017:
4337:
3329:
3150:
The Deluge had a major effect on Poland, and there are several books describing the war. In 1886
2797:
from Poland in 1658 exemplified the increasing intolerance. During the Deluge, many thousands of
2363:
2359:
2319:
2297:
1562:
due to invasions by Sweden and Russia. According to Professor Andrzej Rottermund, manager of the
1411:
1316:
1024:
916:
641:
580:
46:
24:
5282:
4885:
4666:"Potop szwedzki na Podlasiu 1655–1657 – Płosiński J. – Księgarnia Odkrywcy, książki historyczne"
2495:
2409:, the Swedes defeated the Poles. On February 26, Stefan Czarniecki and King John Casimir met in
2246:
After the Battle of Warka, Czarniecki and Lubomirski decided to head towards Greater Poland and
2026:
1616:(1651), it brought into focus the rivalry between Russia and the Commonwealth for hegemony over
7638:
7579:
7254:
6775:
6710:
6384:
6262:
5987:
5970:
5937:
5085:
5012:
4665:
4302:
Karl X Gustavs krig : fälttågen i Polen, Tyskland, Baltikum, Danmark och Sverige 1655–1660
2831:
2826:
state that the Deluge "did not end in a Swedish defeat" and "did not end in a Polish victory".
2384:
2283:
2093:
2030:
1729:
1725:
1682:
1391:
1301:
1261:
1194:
901:
856:
689:
6967:
6153:
5930:
5859:
5264:
5027:
3922:
3843:
2346:(October 22). In November 1656, Greater Poland's troops invaded the Brandenburger province of
2037:
1864:
1849:
1798:
1774:
1256:
851:
7509:
7469:
7229:
7158:
6607:
6489:
6417:
6300:
6290:
6126:
5854:
5173:
5022:
4237:
4231:
4118:
These treaties were a substantial victory for Sweden, but she was again verging on bankruptcy
2557:
2455:, and in early May 1657, the Poles decided to organize a revenge raid on Transylvania, under
1896:
1743:
1613:
1231:
1048:
826:
2089:
1959:
1371:
946:
167:
The occupation of the Commonwealth by Sweden, Russia, Brandenburg and Khmelnytsky's Cossacks
93:
7042:
6715:
6612:
6582:
6121:
5992:
5617:
5493:
5407:
5167:
5091:
4837:
3139:
2905:
2882:
2857:
The Swedish invasion affected the richest provinces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (
2815:
2666:
2603:
2468:
2459:
Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski. On May 13, Rákóczi and Charles X Gustav seized the fortress of
2306:
2166:
2162:
1999:
1698:
1686:
1669:, seemed like easy prey, also because its best soldiers had been either killed in the 1652
1658:
1605:
1587:
1563:
1482:
1331:
1286:
1281:
1266:
881:
866:
861:
510:
6451:
5997:
5957:
5097:
4989:
2343:
2174:
1777:(1655), which envisaged the Radziwiłł princes ruling over two duchies carved out from the
1416:
1356:
936:
719:
8:
7617:
7547:
7404:
6932:
6867:
6638:
6091:
5518:
5127:
4103:
3108:
2894:
2686:
2561:
2314:
2262:, on April 17, was a failure. After a short rest, Stefan Czarniecki considered a raid of
2076:
urged the nation to fight the Swedish armies. Two days later, King John Casimir left the
2036:, the garrison of this symbolic sanctuary-fortress of Poland held off its enemies in the
1940:
1825:
had not been used to fighting. Greater Poland's noble camp, located in the valley of the
1591:
1514:
1494:
1470:
1406:
1326:
886:
414:
342:
149:
5702:
4452:"Wiadomości – Wiadomości w Onet – Najnowsze i Najważniejsze Wiadomości z Kraju i Świata"
2275:
1860:
1381:
1336:
1296:
1216:
956:
921:
896:
811:
7607:
7589:
7542:
7524:
7504:
7143:
6895:
6793:
6765:
6648:
6633:
6351:
6113:
5980:
5965:
5912:
5876:
5769:
5714:
5340:
5324:
5241:
5158:
5077:
5043:
4995:
4880:
4854:
4843:
4783:
4705:
4372:
4151:
3959:
Such specifically anti-Jewish violence became known in the modern technical sense as a
3546:
3306:
3155:
3151:
2783:
2759:
2654:
2569:
2526:
2339:
2158:
2157:, as well as forces under Potocki and Prince Lubomirski, together with the garrison of
2142:
2130:
1900:
1820:
1763:
1678:
1601:
1551:
1546:
1486:
1426:
1085:
637:
356:
304:
250:
5368:
2018:
1236:
731:
694:
7514:
7454:
7261:
7187:
7165:
7064:
6942:
6755:
6735:
6730:
6720:
6555:
6412:
6231:
6207:
6143:
6056:
5947:
5659:
5586:
5312:
4945:
4700:
4618:
4529:
4397:
4358:
4306:
4241:
4208:
4143:
4107:
4076:
4045:
4020:
3928:
3849:
3748:
3542:
3517:
3436:
3391:
3368:
3339:
3270:
3266:
3183:
3169:
2923:
2775:
2718:
2650:
2642:
2631:
2622:
and Jurij Aleksiejewicz Dołgorukow again attacked the Polish – Lithuanian units (see
2355:
2263:
2216:
2134:
2109:
2033:
1920:
1916:
1806:
1782:
1720:" culture of the nobility. Earlier, in 1643, John Casimir had become a member of the
1666:
1559:
1351:
1321:
1311:
1246:
931:
911:
841:
522:
485:
431:
427:
401:
329:
291:
246:
238:
3747:. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History. Cambridge University Press. p. 2.
3407:
3052:
2962:
2846:
1612:. Although the initial phase of the rebellion ended (after much destruction) at the
7499:
7444:
7350:
7091:
6832:
6798:
6643:
6376:
6236:
6175:
6108:
6086:
6066:
5925:
5774:
5318:
5152:
5121:
4898:
4187:
3882:
3099:
2694:
2690:
2413:, where they decided to prevent the Swedish and Transylvanian armies from meeting.
2393:
2389:
2351:
2327:
2293:
2287:
2041:
1884:
1872:
1721:
1625:
1522:
1436:
1401:
1341:
1306:
1251:
1226:
926:
906:
846:
821:
707:
657:
606:
6422:
4522:
Liberty's Folly. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th Century, 1687–1795
3721:
3024:
2693:
gained formal Polish recognition of its independence outside of the Polish state (
2049:
676:
611:
7519:
7266:
7118:
7086:
6760:
6740:
6427:
6180:
5796:
5779:
5300:
4904:
4352:
4283:
4170:
3655:"Co zgubiło Polskę podczas Potopu szwedzkiego – trzej zdrajcy, historiapolski.eu"
3507:
3344:
3122:
3028:
2919:
2898:
2827:
2810:
2794:
2771:
2702:
2638:
2596:
2335:
2236:
1983:
1958:
since August 1655, Janusz Radziwiłł and his cousin Bogusław Radziwiłł signed the
1670:
1620:
and over the eastern Slavic lands in general. Thus, in October 1653, the Russian
1534:
1506:
1462:
1291:
1276:
891:
876:
558:
317:
228:
208:
4721:
2851:
Charles X Gustav in skirmish with Tatars at the battle of Warsaw, July 29, 1656.
2556:
In the spring of 1658, the Polish army, together with its Austrian allies under
2096:
was formed in support of the Polish king. John Casimir himself met with hetmans
1677:
after it. Furthermore, Swedes remembered claims to their throne by Polish kings
1575:
7602:
7429:
7192:
7182:
6559:
6185:
4711:
3979:
The Jews in a Polish Private Town: The Case of Opatów in the Eighteenth Century
3274:
3187:
3135:
2858:
2763:
2425:
2421:
1967:
1814:
1674:
1662:
1641:
1498:
1386:
1366:
1189:
389:
370:
232:
3067:
1923:, which opened the road to Kraków. The ancient capital of Poland was captured
23:. For the use of the term "Deluge" outside the field of European history, see
7632:
7562:
7399:
7037:
4147:
3451:
Polska Akademia Nauk, Polska w okresie drugiej wojny północnej, 1957, 271–280
3324:
3165:
3014:
2862:
2779:
2743:
2530:
2502:
2494:. Rákóczi himself managed to flee, and the army was temporarily commanded by
2460:
2440:
2077:
2065:
1936:
1928:
1912:
1904:
1690:
145:
5448:
4638:
2215:, which was already in Polish hands. The Swedes camped among the forests of
1106:
7318:
6842:
6808:
6563:
6339:
6096:
5837:
5133:
4963:
4715:
3279:(1983). The Deluge has also found its way into video games. The video game
3238:("Bloody storm") by Augustyn Necel (describing the Deluge in the region of
2682:
2606:
was withdrawn to major Royal Prussian fortresses – Malbork, Głowa Gdańska,
2448:
2146:
2003:
1944:
1621:
1571:
7079:
2982:
2607:
2514:
2282:, and in late May, they headed for Warsaw, to help the Lithuanians in the
2240:
2180:
2112:
in Krosno, on December 31, 1655. The meeting was also attended by Primate
2045:
7424:
7153:
7074:
7007:
6837:
6241:
5536:
5329:
5259:
4611:
After the Deluge: Poland–Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655–1660
4354:
After the Deluge: Poland–Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655–1660
3745:
After the Deluge. Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655–1660
3509:
After the Deluge. Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655–1660
3286:
3118:
3079:
2822:
The evaluation of the outcome of the Deluge is disputed. Historians like
2706:
2398:
2204:
2188:
1759:
5545:
4694:
4155:
4132:"The Relationship Between Revolt and War in Early Modern Western Europe"
4131:
2994:
2580:, and in December 1658, with the help of Polish troops, the fortress of
2286:
of the Polish capital (April 24 – July 1). Warsaw was being defended by
2208:
2200:
2081:
7459:
7409:
7328:
7197:
5726:
5721:
4867:
4861:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3002:
2914:
2726:
2212:
162:
5557:
4482:"Grabieże szwedzkie w Polsce (1). Przyczyny, charakterystyka i skutki"
4002:"Pokój w Oliwie 1660 – Jan II Kazimierz – pełnia alegorii i symboliki"
3576:
3075:
3064:
2545:
1624:
declared war on the Commonwealth, and in June 1654 the forces of Tsar
992:
7047:
4525:
4072:
3083:
2970:
2890:
2870:
2749:
2251:
2061:
1954:, whose eastern part had been occupied by another Swedish army under
1733:
1717:
473:
4285:
The History of Germany: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time
4191:
3044:
3032:
3010:
2978:
2940:
2678:
2611:
2452:
2436:
1991:
1987:
1888:
1876:
1846:
1830:
601:
35:
7612:
7474:
6484:
5436:
3816:
3595:"Pierwsze zniszczenie Warszawy i jej odbudowa po potopie 1655–1696"
3239:
3222:
3196:
3104:
3087:
2878:
2722:
2649:
was recaptured (December 2), and in 1663–64, Polish forces invaded
2615:
2510:
2150:
1919:; on October 3 Swedish forces once again defeated the Poles in the
1836:
1740:
1707:
1637:
459:
3071:
2966:
2522:
2518:
2259:
2255:
1995:
1826:
5612:
4175:. Harvard University. Wien und Leipzig, C. W. Stern. p. 769.
3625:"Potop szwedzki przyniósł Polsce straty o wartości 4 mld złotych"
2998:
2986:
2974:
2931:
2910:
2866:
2755:
2674:
2646:
2581:
2577:
2487:
2479:
2444:
2372:
2347:
2279:
2232:
2117:
2085:
2007:
1971:
1963:
1932:
1908:
1842:
1713:
1633:
1617:
2936:
2271:
2138:
6551:
3961:
3056:
2990:
2886:
2874:
2774:.) The peace settlement gave Russia control over the so-called
2740:
2698:
2599:, who were accused of collaborating with the Swedish invaders.
2491:
2456:
2410:
2402:
2323:
2247:
2228:
2154:
2073:
1853:
1567:
1541:) due to the simultaneous Russo-Polish War. The term "deluge" (
589:
4451:
3684:"Co zgubiło Polskę podczas Potopu szwedzkiego – trzej zdrajcy"
2721:
on September 16, 1658, the Polish Crown sought to elevate the
2044:. On December 13, Polish troops under Wojniłłowicz recaptured
3040:
3006:
2506:
2267:
2069:
2057:
2053:
1880:
1477:) was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the
767:
2592:
2534:
2192:
2002:
captured all the towns of Royal Prussia except for Gdańsk,
1628:
invaded the eastern half of Poland-Lithuania, starting the
2834:
and says that the whole war was an unnecessary bloodshed.
2602:
In 1659, the Swedish army still remaining in Poland under
185:
1655 – April 23 (O.S.), May 3 (N.S.) 1660 (Swedish Deluge)
5597:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
4130:
Kiser, Edgar; Drass, Kriss A.; Brustein, William (1994).
4068:
Forced Migration in Central and Eastern Europe, 1939–1950
3128:
2739:, "Commonwealth of Three Nations"). Supported by Cossack
2207:
river. Charles Gustav sent some of his forces to capture
1481:. In a wider sense, it applies to the period between the
2029:, located in Lesser Poland, near the border. Led by the
1998:). In November and December 1655 the Swedish army under
1758:, introduced dissension into the Commonwealth and began
4579:
4421:
3138:
in the early 18th century and play a major role in the
2165:, and continued their march towards Lwów, reaching the
4639:"Publikacje | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego"
4017:
Charles X's Wars, Volume 3: The Danish Wars, 1657–1660
7346:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
4550:"Poseł Ruchu Palikota chce odszkodowania za... Potop"
2762:
of January 13, 1667. (Poland-Lithuania profited from
1935:), Charles Gustav decided to head back northwards to
1608:
and Ukrainian peasants discontented with the rule of
3924:
Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culture
3678:
3676:
4305:. Svenska Historiska Media Förlag AB. p. 267.
4044:(in Polish). Zysk i S-ka Wydawnictwo. p. 273.
3211:
The time of the Swedish deluge in Polish literature
2576:. In October 1658, the Polish army of 4500 reached
1640:was captured after a siege on October 3, 1654. The
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4129:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3125:castle, which was destroyed by them in the 1650s.
2947:Among others, Swedish troops stole such items as:
2841:
2758:. The Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) ended with the
4751:
3673:
3182:) in 1974, a classic historical work. It starred
3013:, also archives and libraries from most towns of
2330:. In early October 1656, an army of 11,000 under
7630:
7361:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
6691:List of battles involving the Russian Federation
3357:
1805:In July 1655 two Swedish armies, operating from
361:
7480:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
7395:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)
5427:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
4508:Zientara Dzieje gospodarcze Polski do roku 1939
4172:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
3564:
3206:Czasy potopu szwedzkiego w literaturze polskiej
1489:in 1667, comprising the Polish theatres of the
5808:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
5514:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1769:aimed at breaking up the Commonwealth and the
1497:. In a stricter sense, the term refers to the
7334:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
6535:
5478:
5464:
4737:
4136:Journal of Political & Military Sociology
3512:. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History.
2435:was desperate. On March 21, Rákóczi captured
1136:
1122:
1008:
783:
4095:
3690:(in Polish). January 8, 2013. Archived from
3382:
3380:
3256:
3243:
3233:
3227:
3214:
3204:
3176:
3157:
3154:described the Swedish invasion in his novel
2747:
2734:
1834:
1818:
1705:
7679:1650s in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
7287:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)
7282:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)
5804:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
5792:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
4357:. Cambridge University Press. p. 164.
2681:. The Commonwealth also fought forces from
2383:In 1653, the Transylvanian Hungarian ruler
2362:was signed, which was followed by a second
1797:Nineteenth-century reimagining of the 1655
6603:Military history of the Russian Federation
6542:
6528:
5650:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
5471:
5457:
5034:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
4744:
4730:
4704:
4510:. Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1988, p. 233
4229:
3920:
3880:
3465:. Cambridge University Press. p. 104.
3111:, including the 1543 Nuremberg edition of
2951:both Polish and Lithuanian state records (
2258:(April 19). The Polish attempt to capture
2195:in 1655, pledging to drive out the Swedes.
1887:, and on September 4, the Swedes captured
1871:. On July 31, 1655, the army commanded by
1129:
1115:
1015:
1001:
790:
776:
450:
231:was formally ceded by the Commonwealth to
6853:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)
5655:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
5645:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
4299:Isacsson, Clas-Göran (February 3, 2015).
4260:
3788:Nagielski, Mirosław (December 25, 1990).
3787:
3577:"Nikt tak nie ograbił Polski jak Szwedzi"
3377:
3226:). Other books about this topic include:
2853:Johan Philip Lemke, oil on canvas, 1684.
2338:. On October 8, Gosiewski's army won the
2311:Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
2274:, but on May 7 they were defeated in the
2199:On March 11, the Swedish army arrived at
1980:Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
1833:, looked more like a large party, as the
595:Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
5943:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
4663:
4519:
4506:I. Ihnatowicz, Z. Landau, A. Mączak, B.
4329:
4298:
4039:
3460:
3282:Mount & Blade: With Fire & Sword
3203:In 2000, Renata Ocieczek wrote the book
2845:
2731:Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth
2544:
2415:
2292:
2179:
2012:
1792:
1712:) due to his sympathies with absolutist
1581:
6814:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)
6684:List of wars involving the Soviet Union
5504:History of Polish intelligence services
5248:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
4984:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
4488:from the original on September 20, 2017
3967:the article on the Khmelnytsky Uprising
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
1022:
16:1648–1666 invasions of Poland–Lithuania
7631:
7435:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
7366:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
7225:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)
7203:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919
6917:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)
6593:Military history of the Russian Empire
6457:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
4590:from the original on December 25, 2021
4560:from the original on December 25, 2021
4432:from the original on December 25, 2021
4391:
4281:
4168:
4064:
3893:from the original on December 17, 2022
3841:
3435:(2002) Lund, Historiska Media. p. 96.
3320:List of wars between Russia and Sweden
3263:The memoir of the siege of Częstochowa
3194:in 1974, but lost to the Italian film
3129:Effect on the fate of the Commonwealth
21:Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706)
7585:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)
6963:Russian colonization of North America
6523:
5850:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
5452:
4725:
4645:from the original on December 3, 2013
4608:
4350:
4019:. Helion & Company. p. 410.
4014:
3742:
3505:
3213:), and in 2006 Jacek Płosiński wrote
3145:
2673:in 1654, reaching as far west as the
2653:. The war with Russia ended with the
2191:(1838–1893) shows the Polish king in
1859:After an easy Swedish victory at the
1110:
996:
771:
182:January 25, 1648 – 1666 (wider sense)
7664:Military operations involving Russia
7659:Military operations involving Sweden
7654:Military operations involving Poland
6598:Military history of the Soviet Union
6040:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
5693:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
4970:Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
4807:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
4641:(in Polish). Wydawnictwo.us.edu.pl.
4096:Durant, Will; Durant, Ariel (2011).
3774:
3536:
3487:from the original on January 6, 2018
3390:, Magyar Könyvklub Publisher, 2000.
3255:) by Stanisław Maria Jankowski, and
2620:Ivan Andreyevich Khovansky (Tararui)
2334:entered Prussia, supported by 2,000
2092:on December 27. Two days later, the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
7339:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
6276:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
5201:Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War
4462:from the original on April 16, 2013
3941:from the original on March 31, 2023
3823:from the original on March 20, 2023
3367:, Zrínyi Military Publisher, 1985.
3134:Russia was able to rise, found the
3114:De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
3098:In January 2013 Marek Poznański, a
2782:), with the Commonwealth retaining
2313:a reward for fighting on his side.
2177:began moving towards Red Ruthenia.
2137:. On February 10, the king came to
1647:
13:
7385:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
6751:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
4394:Historia powszechna. Wiek XVI–XVII
3814:
3635:from the original on June 27, 2018
3539:"Durham University Polish Society"
3273:describes the Deluge in his novel
2660:
2088:, returned to Poland, arriving at
2048:, and soon afterwards Sweden lost
1915:. Kraków was left in the hands of
14:
7700:
7250:Red Army intervention in Mongolia
5294:Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)
4688:
4672:from the original on June 2, 2013
3117:, and the oldest printed text of
2671:Russians invaded Poland–Lithuania
2358:. On December 1, 1656, the first
1689:, who themselves belonged to the
7304:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
7097:Russian conquest of Central Asia
7033:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
6829:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)
6771:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
6062:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
5765:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
5556:
5544:
5535:
5281:
5226:Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
4876:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
4822:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
4812:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
3862:from the original on May 2, 2023
3796:from the original on May 2, 2023
3388:Lordships of the Hungarian State
1750:. Two Lithuanian noble princes,
725:
713:
701:
693:
683:
675:
666:
648:
631:
618:
610:
600:
588:
570:
552:
540:
528:
516:
504:
479:
466:
452:
438:
421:
408:
395:
383:
363:
349:
336:
323:
311:
298:
285:
273:
161:
34:
7590:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)
7235:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
7176:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
6045:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
6035:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
6023:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
5976:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
5894:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
5889:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
5884:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
5872:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
5867:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
5760:Władysław the White's rebellion
5747:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
5732:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
5698:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
5350:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
5072:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War
4912:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
4657:
4631:
4602:
4572:
4542:
4513:
4500:
4474:
4444:
4414:
4385:
4344:
4323:
4292:
4275:
4254:
4223:
4197:
4179:
4162:
4123:
4089:
4058:
4033:
4008:
3994:
3983:
3972:
3953:
3914:
3905:
3874:
3835:
3808:
3769:Wojna polsko-szwedzka 1655–1660
3761:
3736:
3706:
3647:
3617:
3587:
3285:(named after the first book of
3258:Pamiętnik oblężenia Częstochowy
2842:Destruction of the Commonwealth
2420:Transylvanian–Swedish Siege of
1716:and his open contempt for the "
45:needs additional citations for
7272:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)
6922:War of the Austrian Succession
6227:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
6018:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
5787:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
5432:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
5018:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
4893:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
4849:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
3921:Yermolenko, Galina I. (2010).
3530:
3499:
3469:
3454:
3445:
3425:
3400:
2958:the royal library from Warsaw,
2770:due to Ottoman links with the
2203:, fighting its way across the
1867:surrendered Greater Poland to
1741:Deputy Chancellor of the Crown
1724:and had received the title of
1695:Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)
1610:Polish and Lithuanian magnates
1545:in Polish) was popularized by
1479:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
797:
198:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
7495:South Ossetia war (1991–1992)
7373:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
7124:Russian invasion of Manchuria
7114:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
7060:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
7055:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
6998:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
6988:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
6953:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
6948:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
6938:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
6928:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
6906:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
6901:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)
6878:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
6873:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)
6848:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)
6824:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
6819:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)
6804:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
6679:List of wars involving Russia
6674:Sino-Russian border conflicts
6134:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
6102:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
5775:1444 war against the Ottomans
5602:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
5592:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
5509:List of wars involving Poland
5220:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
5207:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
5147:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
5140:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
5106:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
5064:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
5058:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
5052:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
5038:Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War
4779:Mongol invasions of Lithuania
4753:Lithuanian wars and conflicts
4377:: CS1 maint: date and year (
3831:– via www.academia.edu.
3350:
2768:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)
2736:Rzeczpospolita Trojga Narodów
2595:ordered the expulsion of the
1976:Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)
1893:Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
1652:
1630:Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667
7674:Black Madonna of Częstochowa
7450:Eritrean War of Independence
7420:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
7415:East German uprising of 1953
7356:Eastern Front (World War II)
7245:Red Army invasion of Georgia
7240:Red Army invasion of Armenia
7208:Estonian War of Independence
7149:Russian occupation of Tabriz
7070:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
7028:War of the Seventh Coalition
6911:War of the Polish Succession
6858:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
6144:War of the Bar Confederation
6139:War of the Polish Succession
5254:War of the Bar Confederation
4958:5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
4952:4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
4940:3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
4934:2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
4917:1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2788:Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686
2624:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
2540:
1939:, which was defended by the
1596:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
212:
7:
7490:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
7440:Sino-Soviet border conflict
7309:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
7277:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
7213:Latvian War of Independence
7102:Russian conquest of Bukhara
6993:War of the Fourth Coalition
6978:War of the Second Coalition
6502:Russian invasion of Ukraine
6395:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
6191:War of the Fourth Coalition
5843:campaign of Stephen Báthory
5182:Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War
4203:Podhorecki, Leszek (1985).
3842:Tucker, Spencer C. (2009).
3365:Military history of Hungary
3292:
2572:, to help the Danes in the
1956:Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie
1693:. An earlier conflict, the
1091:War of the Fourth Coalition
10:
7705:
7485:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
7023:War of the Sixth Coalition
7013:War of the Fifth Coalition
6983:War of the Third Coalition
6588:Military history of Russia
6550:Armed conflicts involving
6480:Operation Uphold Democracy
6215:War of the Sixth Coalition
6203:War of the Fifth Coalition
6149:Polish–Russian War of 1792
5524:Warfare in Medieval Poland
5499:History of the Polish Army
5388:June Uprising in Lithuania
4817:Battle of the Vikhra River
4615:Cambridge University Press
4288:. H. G. Bohn. p. 467.
4269:Cambridge University Press
4261:Edmundson, George (1976).
4230:Prazmowska, Anita (2017).
4065:Rieber, Alfred J. (2013).
3514:Cambridge University Press
3216:Potop szwedzki na Podlasiu
2824:Michael Fredholm von Essen
2804:
2102:Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
1767:Charles X Gustav of Sweden
1604:led a popular uprising of
1585:
1096:War of the Sixth Coalition
632:
154:1654–1667 Russo-Polish War
18:
7598:
7533:
7324:Soviet invasion of Poland
7134:
7018:French invasion of Russia
6886:
6784:
6703:
6629:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
6621:
6578:
6571:
6465:
6442:
6403:
6390:Białystok Ghetto uprising
6375:
6335:
6326:
6261:
6220:French invasion of Russia
6166:
6079:
6008:
5921:
5901:Northern War of 1655–1660
5828:
5819:
5755:
5683:
5674:
5637:
5577:
5568:
5530:
5486:
5480:Polish wars and conflicts
5416:
5397:
5378:
5339:
5307:French invasion of Russia
5293:
5276:
5234:
5005:
4978:Northern Seven Years' War
4926:
4830:
4793:
4769:
4759:
4609:Frost, Robert I. (1993).
4392:Wójcik, Zbigniew (2006).
4351:Frost, Robert I. (2004).
4330:Walewski, Antoni (1870).
4282:Menzel, Wolfgang (1862).
4194:. Accessed March 3, 2024.
4040:Koneczny, Feliks (2016).
3870:– via Google Books.
3804:– via Google Books.
3315:Kostka-Napierski Uprising
3177:
3158:
2711:almost annual slave raids
2332:Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski
1165:Russo-Swedish (1656–1658)
1148:
1140:Northern War of 1655–1660
1034:
807:
758:
753:
740:
494:
263:
171:
160:
143:
138:
7465:South African Border War
7390:Guerrilla war in Ukraine
7292:Chechen uprising of 1932
6973:Russo-Persian War (1796)
6308:Second Silesian Uprising
5625:1156 war against Germany
5622:1146 war against Germany
4761:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4520:Lukowski, Jerzy (2014).
3927:. Ashgate. p. 111.
3911:Włodarski (1993), p. 62.
3743:Frost, Robert I (2004).
3506:Frost, Robert I (2004).
3461:Subtelny, Orest (1988).
2133:, which belonged to the
2098:Stanisław Rewera Potocki
1952:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1879:, and on August 20 near
1829:river, near the town of
1779:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1529:), or less commonly the
1180:Dano-Swedish (1658–1660)
1175:Dano-Swedish (1657–1658)
7107:Khivan campaign of 1873
6958:Russo-Polish War (1792)
6507:Military aid to Ukraine
6318:Third Silesian Uprising
6286:First Silesian Uprising
6281:Polish–Czechoslovak War
6050:Battle of Chocim (1673)
6028:Battle of Chocim (1621)
5213:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
5112:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
4338:Jagiellonian University
4169:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
4015:Essen, Michael (2023).
3232:by Mirosław Nagielski,
2904:Hubert Kowalski of the
2484:Battle of Czarny Ostrów
2378:
2227:left Warsaw with 2,500
2185:The Vow of John Casimir
2123:
1788:
1771:Polish–Lithuanian union
1539:Potop szwedzko-rosyjski
25:Deluge (disambiguation)
7649:17th-century conflicts
7580:Western Libya campaign
7255:East Karelian uprising
6776:Wagner Group rebellion
6711:Uprising of Bolotnikov
6385:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
6328:World War II in Poland
5988:Zebrzydowski rebellion
5971:Moldavian Magnate Wars
5938:Siege of Danzig (1577)
5086:Zebrzydowski rebellion
5013:Moldavian Magnate Wars
3257:
3244:
3234:
3228:
3215:
3205:
3164:. Based on the novel,
2953:Metrica Regni Poloniae
2854:
2832:Status quo ante bellum
2748:
2735:
2553:
2428:
2309:, in which he offered
2301:
2196:
2106:Stanisław Lanckoroński
2094:Tyszowce Confederation
2022:
1835:
1819:
1802:
1706:
1538:
1526:
1510:
1474:
1466:
1392:March Across the Belts
982:Transylvanian campaign
495:Commanders and leaders
404:(1654–1656, 1658–1667)
227:Swedish-ruled part of
7575:Intervention in Syria
7510:Tajikistani Civil War
7218:Lithuanian–Soviet War
7159:Battle of Robat Karim
6608:Post-Soviet conflicts
6490:2003 invasion of Iraq
6418:Operation Ostra Brama
6313:Polish–Lithuanian War
6127:Battle of Berestechko
5855:War against Sigismund
5629:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
5361:Polish–Lithuanian War
5355:Lithuanian–Soviet War
5174:Battle of Berestechko
5023:War against Sigismund
4801:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
4238:Bloomsbury Publishing
3771:, Warsaw 1973, s. 156
3694:on September 21, 2013
3661:on September 21, 2013
3431:Claes-Göran Isacson,
2928:Stanisław II Augustus
2893:museums, such as the
2849:
2766:participation in the
2591:On July 1, 1658, the
2558:Raimondo Montecuccoli
2548:
2419:
2296:
2183:
2016:
1852:, and the Voivode of
1811:Province of Pomerania
1796:
1744:Hieronim Radziejowski
1614:Battle of Berestechko
1582:Historical background
754:Casualties and losses
486:Lithuanian supporters
69:"Deluge" history
7558:Annexation of Crimea
7262:Central Asian Revolt
7171:Ukrainian–Soviet War
7043:Russo-Circassian War
6726:Pugachev's Rebellion
6669:Russo-Ukrainian Wars
6613:Russian Armed Forces
6583:Early modern warfare
6271:Polish–Ukrainian War
6122:Khmelnytsky Uprising
5685:Polish–Teutonic wars
5494:Early modern warfare
5408:Lithuanian partisans
5168:Khmelnytsky Uprising
4838:Samogitian uprisings
4714:of area occupied by
4556:. January 16, 2013.
4396:. pp. 481–482.
4104:Simon & Schuster
4099:The Age of Louis XIV
3724:on November 22, 2020
3599:www.wilanow-palac.pl
3300:Après nous le déluge
3140:Partitions of Poland
2906:University of Warsaw
2816:John II Casimir Vasa
2667:Khmelnytsky Uprising
2657:(January 30, 1667).
2637:On May 3, 1660, the
2604:Lorens von der Linde
2469:Gustaf Otto Stenbock
2424:in 1657, painted by
2307:Treaty of Marienburg
2080:in Silesia, and via
2000:Gustaf Otto Stenbock
1739:, a Protestant, and
1737:Bogusław Leszczyński
1699:Treaty of Stuhmsdorf
1606:Zaporozhian Cossacks
1588:Khmelnytsky Uprising
1531:Russo–Swedish Deluge
1495:Second Northern Wars
1483:Khmelnytsky Uprising
837:Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki
511:John II Casimir Vasa
54:improve this article
7689:Invasions by Russia
7684:Invasions by Sweden
7618:Sphere of influence
7548:Russo-Ukrainian War
7405:First Indochina War
7378:Soviet–Japanese War
7314:Xinjiang War (1937)
7183:Kazakhstan Campaign
6968:Kościuszko Uprising
6868:Second Northern War
6746:Coup attempt (1991)
6639:Soviet-Finnish wars
6368:during World War II
6154:Kościuszko Uprising
6118:1644 Tatar Invasion
6092:Fedorovych uprising
6083:1624 Tatar Invasion
6010:Polish–Ottoman wars
5962:1593 Tatar Invasion
5954:1589 Tatar Invasion
5931:Battle of Lubieszów
5860:Battle of Stångebro
5830:Polish–Swedish wars
5737:Thirteen Years' War
5607:Miecław's Rebellion
5582:Polish–Veletian War
5519:Polish Armed Forces
5487:General and related
5265:Kościuszko Uprising
5164:1644 Tatar Invasion
5128:Fedorovych uprising
5118:1624 Tatar Invasion
5028:Battle of Stångebro
4886:Battle of Pabaiskas
4233:A History of Poland
3605:on January 27, 2020
3433:Karl X Gustavs Krig
3330:Polish–Swedish wars
3109:Nicolaus Copernicus
2895:Swedish Army Museum
2778:(left of the river
2760:Treaty of Andrusovo
2687:Brandenburg-Prussia
2562:Krzysztof Grodzicki
2366:, in which Emperor
2315:Brandenburg-Prussia
2114:Andrzej Leszczyński
2038:Siege of Jasna Góra
1865:Krzysztof Opaliński
1850:Krzysztof Opaliński
1799:Siege of Jasna Góra
1775:Treaty of Kėdainiai
1697:had ended with the
1592:Second Northern War
1527:Svenska syndafloden
1026:Polish–Swedish wars
762:3,000,000–4,000,000
150:Second Northern War
7608:Russian Revolution
7543:Russo-Georgian War
7525:Second Chechen War
7505:Georgian Civil War
7144:Russo-Japanese War
6896:Great Northern War
6794:Russo-Crimean Wars
6766:Second Chechen War
6664:Russo-Turkish wars
6659:Russo-Swedish wars
6649:Russo-Persian Wars
6634:Russo-Crimean Wars
6495:Occupation of Iraq
6475:War in Afghanistan
6352:Invasion of Poland
6247:fighting in Poland
6168:Poland partitioned
6114:Ostryanyn uprising
5966:Nalyvaiko Uprising
5913:Great Northern War
5877:Battle of Kircholm
5770:Battle of Grotniki
5742:War of the Priests
5715:Battle of Grunwald
5418:Restored Lithuania
5341:Interwar Lithuania
5325:Revolution of 1905
5242:Great Northern War
5159:Ostryanyn uprising
5078:Battle of Klushino
5044:Battle of Kircholm
4996:Nalyvaiko Uprising
4855:Battle of Grunwald
4844:Lithuanian Crusade
4784:Lithuanian Crusade
4264:History of Holland
3549:on August 21, 2007
3537:Zawadzki, Marcin.
3463:Ukraine. A history
3412:sok.riksarkivet.se
3221:Swedish deluge in
3168:directed the film
3152:Henryk Sienkiewicz
3146:In popular culture
3107:Library, works of
2855:
2784:Right-bank Ukraine
2655:Truce of Andrusovo
2584:was captured (see
2566:Bogusław Radziwiłł
2554:
2527:Treaty of Bromberg
2429:
2407:Battle of Chojnice
2401:, heading towards
2340:Battle of Prostken
2302:
2197:
2159:Kamieniec Podolski
2023:
1960:Union of Kėdainiai
1950:Meanwhile, in the
1941:Voivode of Malbork
1803:
1783:Swedish protection
1773:. They signed the
1756:Bogusław Radziwiłł
1679:Sigismund III Vasa
1602:Bohdan Khmelnytsky
1547:Henryk Sienkiewicz
1487:Truce of Andrusovo
638:Bohdan Khmelnytsky
547:Wincenty Gosiewski
251:Truce of Andrusovo
7669:Cossack uprisings
7626:
7625:
7515:First Chechen War
7470:Soviet–Afghan War
7455:Angolan Civil War
7230:Polish–Soviet War
7188:Finnish Civil War
7166:Russian Civil War
7065:November Uprising
7003:Anglo-Russian War
6943:Bar Confederation
6756:First Chechen War
6736:Russian Civil War
6731:Decembrist revolt
6721:Bulavin Rebellion
6716:Razin's Rebellion
6699:
6698:
6654:Russo-Polish Wars
6622:Lists by opponent
6517:
6516:
6452:Racibórz Conflict
6444:People's Republic
6438:
6437:
6413:Operation Tempest
6291:Polish–Soviet War
6232:November Uprising
6208:Austro-Polish War
6196:Prussian campaign
6162:
6161:
6057:Great Turkish War
5998:Battle of Humenné
5993:Thirty Years' War
5981:Battle of Kłuszyn
5958:Kosiński uprising
5948:Battle of Byczyna
5815:
5814:
5727:Gollub War (1422)
5722:Hunger War (1414)
5670:
5669:
5660:Battle of Legnica
5611:1072 war against
5587:Battle of Cedynia
5446:
5445:
5399:Soviet occupation
5313:November Uprising
5274:
5273:
5098:Battle of Humenné
5092:Thirty Years' War
4990:Kosiński uprising
4946:Glinski rebellion
4364:978-0-521-54402-3
4312:978-91-7545-011-7
4247:978-0-230-34412-9
4113:978-1-4516-4765-5
4082:978-1-135-27482-5
3688:historiapolski.eu
3543:Durham University
3340:Treaty of Hadiach
3267:Augustyn Kordecki
3186:as the character
3184:Daniel Olbrychski
2924:John III Sobieski
2830:calls the result
2776:Left-bank Ukraine
2719:Treaty of Hadiach
2651:Left-bank Ukraine
2643:Battle of Chudnov
2632:Battle of Polonka
2628:Battle of Konotop
2586:Battle of Kolding
2385:George II Rákóczi
2356:House of Habsburg
2344:Battle of Filipów
2264:Swedish Pomerania
2217:Sandomierz Forest
2175:Paweł Jan Sapieha
2135:Lubomirski family
2110:Stefan Czarniecki
2034:Augustyn Kordecki
1921:Battle of Wojnicz
1917:Stefan Czarniecki
1807:Swedish Pomerania
1730:Władysław IV Vasa
1683:Władysław IV Vasa
1667:Tsardom of Russia
1659:Thirty Years' War
1452:
1451:
1104:
1103:
990:
989:
766:
765:
720:Constantin Șerban
625:Frederick William
535:Stanisław Potocki
523:Stefan Czarniecki
428:Cossack Hetmanate
259:
258:
239:Cossack Hetmanate
130:
129:
122:
104:
7696:
7500:Transnistria War
7445:War of Attrition
7351:Continuation War
7300:
7092:January Uprising
6933:Seven Years' War
6833:Time of Troubles
6799:Russo-Kazan Wars
6644:Russo-Kazan Wars
6576:
6575:
6544:
6537:
6530:
6521:
6520:
6408:Italian Campaign
6377:Ghetto uprisings
6364:, and
6333:
6332:
6296:Battle of Warsaw
6237:January Uprising
6176:Denisko uprising
6109:Pavlyuk uprising
6087:Zhmaylo uprising
6067:Battle of Vienna
5926:Danzig rebellion
5826:
5825:
5703:Battle of Płowce
5681:
5680:
5676:Jagiellon Poland
5638:Mongol invasions
5575:
5574:
5560:
5548:
5539:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5450:
5449:
5319:January Uprising
5285:
5153:Pavlyuk uprising
5122:Zhmaylo uprising
4899:Crusade of Varna
4881:Battle of Ašmena
4767:
4766:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4723:
4722:
4708:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4517:
4511:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4376:
4368:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4227:
4221:
4205:Rapier i Koncerz
4201:
4195:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3998:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3889:(in Hungarian).
3881:B. Szabó János.
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3785:
3772:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3720:. Archived from
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3657:. Archived from
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3601:. Archived from
3591:
3585:
3584:
3573:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3545:. Archived from
3534:
3528:
3527:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3483:. June 1, 2018.
3473:
3467:
3466:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3443:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3404:
3398:
3384:
3375:
3361:
3260:
3250:The sign of the
3247:
3237:
3231:
3218:
3208:
3180:
3179:
3161:
3160:
3100:Palikot Movement
2753:
2738:
2695:Treaty of Wehlau
2691:Duchy of Prussia
2574:Dano-Swedish War
2465:Dano-Swedish War
2394:Treaty of Radnot
2390:Zaporizhian Sich
2364:Treaty of Vienna
2360:Treaty of Vienna
2352:Treaty of Labiau
2328:Duchy of Prussia
2320:Battle of Warsaw
2298:Battle of Warsaw
2288:Arvid Wittenberg
2276:Battle of Kłecko
1897:Battle of Żarnów
1885:Battle of Sobota
1873:Arvid Wittenberg
1861:Battle of Ujście
1840:
1824:
1752:Janusz Radziwiłł
1711:
1648:Swedish invasion
1626:Alexis of Russia
1485:of 1648 and the
1352:Prostki/Prostken
1143:
1141:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1029:
1027:
1017:
1010:
1003:
994:
993:
802:
792:
785:
778:
769:
768:
730:
729:
728:
718:
717:
716:
706:
705:
704:
697:
688:
687:
686:
679:
670:
662:
654:Janusz Radziwiłł
652:
636:
635:
634:
623:
622:
621:
614:
607:Arvid Wittenberg
605:
604:
593:
592:
577:Charles X Gustav
575:
574:
573:
557:
556:
555:
545:
544:
543:
533:
532:
531:
521:
520:
519:
509:
508:
507:
484:
483:
482:
472:
470:
469:
462:
458:
456:
455:
443:
442:
441:
426:
425:
424:
413:
412:
411:
400:
399:
398:
388:
387:
386:
373:
369:
367:
366:
355:
353:
352:
341:
340:
339:
328:
327:
326:
316:
315:
314:
303:
302:
301:
290:
289:
288:
280:Poland–Lithuania
278:
277:
276:
237:Division of the
173:
172:
165:
136:
135:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
7704:
7703:
7699:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7694:
7693:
7644:1650s in Europe
7629:
7628:
7627:
7622:
7594:
7535:
7529:
7520:War of Dagestan
7294:
7267:August Uprising
7136:
7130:
7119:Boxer Rebellion
7087:Amur Annexation
6888:
6882:
6786:
6780:
6761:War of Dagestan
6741:August Uprising
6695:
6617:
6567:
6548:
6518:
6513:
6461:
6434:
6428:Warsaw Uprising
6399:
6371:
6322:
6263:Second Republic
6257:
6181:Napoleonic Wars
6158:
6075:
6004:
5917:
5811:
5797:Battle of Orsha
5780:Battle of Varna
5751:
5666:
5633:
5618:Siege of Głogów
5564:
5563:
5552:
5528:
5482:
5477:
5447:
5442:
5412:
5393:
5374:
5369:Klaipėda Revolt
5335:
5301:Napoleonic Wars
5289:
5288:
5270:
5230:
5001:
4922:
4905:Battle of Varna
4826:
4789:
4755:
4750:
4691:
4686:
4685:
4675:
4673:
4662:
4658:
4648:
4646:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4625:
4607:
4603:
4593:
4591:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4563:
4561:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4528:. p. 147.
4518:
4514:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4456:Onet Wiadomości
4450:
4449:
4445:
4435:
4433:
4422:"Strona główna"
4420:
4419:
4415:
4404:
4390:
4386:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4349:
4345:
4328:
4324:
4313:
4297:
4293:
4280:
4276:
4259:
4255:
4248:
4228:
4224:
4215:
4207:. p. 272.
4202:
4198:
4192:10.2307/2600875
4184:
4180:
4167:
4163:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4094:
4090:
4083:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4013:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3973:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3935:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3894:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3815:Kármán, Gábor.
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3790:"Warszawa 1656"
3786:
3775:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3697:
3695:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3581:PolskieRadio.pl
3575:
3574:
3565:
3552:
3550:
3535:
3531:
3524:
3516:. p. 164.
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3481:polskieradio.pl
3475:
3474:
3470:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3385:
3378:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3345:Treaty of Oliva
3335:Tatar invasions
3295:
3269:. Furthermore,
3245:Znak Jastrzębca
3148:
3131:
3123:Rawa Mazowiecka
2961:libraries from
2920:Treaty of Oliva
2899:Livrustkammaren
2844:
2828:Feliks Koneczny
2811:Treaty of Oliva
2807:
2795:Polish Brethren
2703:Crimean Khanate
2663:
2661:Other conflicts
2639:Treaty of Oliva
2597:Polish Brethren
2543:
2461:Brześć Litewski
2381:
2237:Battle of Warka
2167:Zamość Fortress
2163:Battle of Gołąb
2126:
2072:, Polish Crown
2019:Siege of Kraków
1984:Treaty of Rinsk
1791:
1734:Grand Treasurer
1687:John II Casimir
1671:Battle of Batih
1655:
1650:
1598:
1586:Main articles:
1584:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1105:
1100:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1021:
991:
986:
803:
798:
796:
736:
732:Gheorghe Ștefan
726:
724:
714:
712:
702:
700:
684:
682:
658:
630:
619:
617:
599:
587:
571:
569:
563:
559:Mehmed IV Giray
553:
551:
541:
539:
529:
527:
517:
515:
505:
503:
490:
480:
478:
467:
465:
453:
451:
439:
437:
422:
420:
409:
407:
396:
394:
384:
382:
376:
364:
362:
350:
348:
337:
335:
324:
322:
318:Crimean Khanate
312:
310:
299:
297:
286:
284:
274:
272:
221:
209:Treaty of Oliva
200:
188:
166:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7702:
7692:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7603:Russian Winter
7599:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7571:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7545:
7539:
7537:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7430:Vlora incident
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7381:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7369:
7368:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7342:
7341:
7331:
7326:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7258:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7221:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7200:
7195:
7193:Sochi conflict
7190:
7185:
7180:
7179:
7178:
7163:
7162:
7161:
7151:
7146:
7140:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7127:
7126:
7116:
7111:
7110:
7109:
7104:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7083:
7082:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6919:
6914:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6892:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6790:
6788:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6707:
6705:
6701:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6579:
6573:
6569:
6568:
6547:
6546:
6539:
6532:
6524:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6509:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6482:
6477:
6471:
6469:
6467:Third Republic
6463:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6448:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6410:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6354:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6336:
6330:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6301:Kiev offensive
6298:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6267:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6188:
6186:Peninsular War
6183:
6178:
6172:
6170:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6119:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5990:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5960:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5940:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5898:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5852:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5834:
5832:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5789:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5695:
5689:
5687:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5652:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5550:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5476:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5453:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5404:
5402:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5384:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5358:
5346:
5344:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5327:
5322:
5316:
5310:
5304:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5262:
5257:
5251:
5245:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5165:
5162:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5061:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4961:
4955:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4914:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4841:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4764:
4757:
4756:
4749:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4709:
4690:
4689:External links
4687:
4684:
4683:
4656:
4630:
4624:978-0521420082
4623:
4601:
4571:
4541:
4535:978-1138009127
4534:
4512:
4499:
4473:
4443:
4413:
4402:
4384:
4363:
4343:
4322:
4311:
4291:
4274:
4271:. p. 231.
4253:
4246:
4240:. p. 99.
4222:
4213:
4196:
4178:
4161:
4122:
4112:
4088:
4081:
4057:
4050:
4032:
4025:
4007:
4004:. May 6, 2021.
3993:
3982:
3971:
3952:
3934:978-1409403746
3933:
3913:
3904:
3873:
3855:978-1851096725
3854:
3834:
3807:
3773:
3760:
3753:
3735:
3718:www.zabytki.pl
3705:
3672:
3646:
3616:
3586:
3563:
3529:
3522:
3498:
3468:
3453:
3444:
3424:
3399:
3386:László Markó:
3376:
3363:Ervin Liptai:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3304:
3294:
3291:
3271:James Michener
3188:Andrzej Kmicic
3147:
3144:
3136:Russian Empire
3130:
3127:
3092:
3091:
3053:Pieskowa Skała
3021:
3018:
2963:Ujazdów Castle
2959:
2956:
2859:Greater Poland
2843:
2840:
2806:
2803:
2662:
2659:
2570:Denmark–Norway
2550:Siege of Toruń
2542:
2539:
2380:
2377:
2336:Crimean Tatars
2125:
2122:
1968:Truce of Vilna
1869:Charles Gustav
1821:levée en masse
1815:Greater Poland
1790:
1787:
1663:Swedish Empire
1657:Following the
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1642:Swedish Empire
1583:
1580:
1511:potop szwedzki
1503:Swedish Deluge
1467:potop szwedzki
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1190:Peach Tree War
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1159:Swedish Deluge
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1086:Great Northern
1083:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1005:
997:
988:
987:
985:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
808:
805:
804:
795:
794:
787:
780:
772:
764:
763:
756:
755:
751:
750:
747:
743:
742:
738:
737:
735:
734:
722:
710:
698:
680:
664:
646:
628:
615:
597:
585:
566:
564:
562:
561:
549:
537:
525:
513:
500:
497:
496:
492:
491:
489:
488:
476:
463:
448:
435:
418:
405:
392:
390:Swedish Empire
379:
377:
375:
374:
371:Dutch Republic
359:
357:Denmark-Norway
346:
333:
320:
308:
295:
282:
269:
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:
255:
254:
235:
223:
217:
216:
206:
202:
201:
196:
194:
190:
189:
187:
186:
183:
179:
177:
169:
168:
158:
157:
141:
140:
134:
133:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7701:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7639:Northern Wars
7637:
7636:
7634:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7600:
7597:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7569:
7568:2022 invasion
7566:
7564:
7563:War in Donbas
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7532:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7400:Ili Rebellion
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7298:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7160:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7133:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7038:Caucasian War
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6885:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6783:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6702:
6692:
6689:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6545:
6540:
6538:
6533:
6531:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6464:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6441:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6423:Lwów uprising
6421:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6402:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6367:
6366:contributions
6363:
6359:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6346:
6345:Eastern Front
6343:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6252:
6251:Eastern Front
6248:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6165:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6123:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6007:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5920:
5914:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5474:
5469:
5467:
5462:
5460:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5370:
5367:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5338:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5004:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4742:
4740:
4735:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4671:
4667:
4664:Płosiński J.
4660:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4626:
4620:
4617:. p. 3.
4616:
4612:
4605:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4580:"Avanti24.pl"
4575:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4537:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4503:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4447:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4410:
4405:
4403:9788301146030
4399:
4395:
4388:
4380:
4374:
4366:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4347:
4340:. p. 79.
4339:
4336:(in Polish).
4335:
4334:
4326:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4226:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4092:
4084:
4078:
4075:. p. 5.
4074:
4070:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4051:9788382026658
4047:
4043:
4042:Dzieje Polski
4036:
4028:
4026:9781915113603
4022:
4018:
4011:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3956:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3917:
3908:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3883:"Tanulmanyok"
3877:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3838:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3770:
3764:
3756:
3754:0-521-54402-5
3750:
3746:
3739:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3560:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3525:
3523:9780521544023
3519:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3502:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3464:
3457:
3448:
3442:
3441:91-89442-57-1
3438:
3434:
3428:
3417:September 13,
3413:
3409:
3408:"Adolf Johan"
3403:
3397:
3396:963-547-085-1
3393:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3374:
3373:963-326-337-9
3370:
3366:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Northern Wars
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3265:), by Father
3264:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3235:Krwawy sztorm
3230:
3229:Warszawa 1656
3225:
3224:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3166:Jerzy Hoffman
3163:
3162:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3025:Golub-Dobrzyń
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:Royal Prussia
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2863:Lesser Poland
2860:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2744:Ivan Vyhovsky
2742:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2697:, 1657). The
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:Ducal Prussia
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2503:Royal Prussia
2499:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2441:Lesser Poland
2438:
2434:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2131:Łańcut Castle
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:Royal Prussia
1934:
1930:
1929:Lesser Poland
1926:
1925:after a siege
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:Upper Silesia
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:Polish forces
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1795:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:House of Vasa
1688:
1684:
1681:and his sons
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1549:in his novel
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1377:Czarny Ostrów
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1004:
999:
998:
995:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
952:Czarny Ostrów
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
806:
801:
793:
788:
786:
781:
779:
774:
773:
770:
761:
757:
752:
748:
745:
744:
739:
733:
723:
721:
711:
709:
699:
696:
691:
681:
678:
673:
669:
665:
663:
661:
655:
651:
647:
645:
644:
639:
629:
626:
616:
613:
608:
603:
598:
596:
591:
586:
584:
583:
578:
568:
567:
565:
560:
550:
548:
538:
536:
526:
524:
514:
512:
502:
501:
499:
498:
493:
487:
477:
475:
464:
461:
449:
446:
436:
433:
429:
419:
416:
406:
403:
393:
391:
381:
380:
378:
372:
360:
358:
347:
344:
334:
331:
321:
319:
309:
306:
296:
293:
283:
281:
271:
270:
268:
267:
262:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
234:
230:
226:
225:
224:
219:
218:
214:
210:
207:
204:
203:
199:
195:
192:
191:
184:
181:
180:
178:
175:
174:
170:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
146:Northern Wars
142:
137:
132:
124:
121:
113:
110:February 2024
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
7319:World War II
6862:
6843:Smolensk War
6809:Livonian War
6356:Polish
6340:World War II
6097:Smolensk War
5905:
5838:Livonian War
5821:Commonwealth
5570:Piast Poland
5551:
5420:(since 1990)
5380:World War II
5235:18th century
5209:(1672–1676)
5193:
5190:(1655–1660)
5188:Northern War
5170:(1648–1657)
5136:(1632–1634)
5134:Smolensk War
5108:(1620–1621)
5094:(1618–1648)
5074:(1605–1618)
5040:(1600–1611)
5006:17th century
4966:(1558–1583)
4964:Livonian War
4927:16th century
4901:(1443–1444)
4851:(1409–1411)
4831:15th century
4794:14th century
4771:13th century
4716:Transylvania
4695:
4674:. Retrieved
4659:
4647:. Retrieved
4633:
4610:
4604:
4594:December 25,
4592:. Retrieved
4583:
4574:
4564:December 25,
4562:. Retrieved
4553:
4544:
4521:
4515:
4507:
4502:
4492:September 1,
4490:. Retrieved
4476:
4466:December 25,
4464:. Retrieved
4455:
4446:
4436:December 25,
4434:. Retrieved
4425:
4416:
4407:
4393:
4387:
4353:
4346:
4332:
4325:
4316:
4301:
4294:
4284:
4277:
4263:
4256:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4204:
4199:
4181:
4171:
4164:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4117:
4098:
4091:
4067:
4060:
4041:
4035:
4016:
4010:
3996:
3985:
3974:
3960:
3955:
3943:. Retrieved
3923:
3916:
3907:
3897:November 26,
3895:. Retrieved
3887:epa.oszk.hu/
3886:
3876:
3866:December 13,
3864:. Retrieved
3848:. ABC-CLIO.
3844:
3837:
3825:. Retrieved
3810:
3800:December 28,
3798:. Retrieved
3768:
3767:Jan Wimmer,
3763:
3744:
3738:
3726:. Retrieved
3722:the original
3717:
3708:
3696:. Retrieved
3692:the original
3687:
3663:. Retrieved
3659:the original
3649:
3639:December 25,
3637:. Retrieved
3628:
3619:
3609:December 25,
3607:. Retrieved
3603:the original
3598:
3589:
3580:
3558:
3551:. Retrieved
3547:the original
3532:
3508:
3501:
3489:. Retrieved
3480:
3471:
3462:
3456:
3447:
3432:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3411:
3402:
3387:
3364:
3359:
3307:
3303:(expression)
3298:
3280:
3275:
3262:
3249:
3220:
3210:
3202:
3195:
3175:
3170:
3156:
3149:
3132:
3112:
3097:
3093:
2952:
2946:
2903:
2883:Royal Castle
2856:
2850:
2836:
2821:
2808:
2792:
2716:
2683:Transylvania
2664:
2636:
2601:
2590:
2555:
2500:
2477:
2473:
2430:
2426:E. Dahlbergh
2382:
2303:
2245:
2225:Frederick VI
2198:
2184:
2147:Red Ruthenia
2127:
2116:, and eight
2024:
1949:
1945:Jakub Wejher
1907:castle near
1858:
1804:
1764:Swedish king
1760:negotiations
1748:Polish crown
1703:
1656:
1622:Zemsky Sobor
1599:
1572:World War II
1564:Royal Castle
1557:
1550:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1502:
1491:Russo-Polish
1475:švedų tvanas
1458:
1456:
1158:
1157:
1079:
799:
759:
672:B. Radziwiłł
659:
642:
581:
445:Transylvania
264:Belligerents
243:Commonwealth
241:between the
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
7425:Vietnam War
7295: [
7154:World War I
7075:Crimean War
7008:Finnish War
6924:(1740–1748)
6913:(1733–1738)
6838:Ingrian War
6554:(including
6242:World War I
5439:(2003–2011)
5401:(1944–1990)
5363:(1919–1920)
5357:(1918–1919)
5343:(1918–1940)
5332:(1914–1918)
5330:World War I
5321:(1863–1864)
5315:(1830–1831)
5303:(1803–1815)
5260:War of 1792
5256:(1768–1774)
5250:(1733–1735)
5244:(1700–1721)
5222:(1683–1699)
5203:(1666–1671)
5184:(1654–1667)
5149:(1633–1634)
5066:(1626–1629)
5060:(1621–1625)
5054:(1617–1618)
4998:(1594–1596)
4992:(1591–1593)
4986:(1587–1588)
4980:(1563–1570)
4972:(1577–1582)
4960:(1534–1537)
4954:(1512–1522)
4942:(1507–1508)
4936:(1500–1503)
4919:(1492–1494)
4895:(1431–1435)
4840:(1401–1409)
4803:(1340–1392)
4786:(1283–1422)
4584:Avanti24.pl
4426:Odkrywcy.pl
3827:November 5,
3792:. Bellona.
3698:February 7,
3665:February 7,
3287:Sienkiewicz
3252:Jastrzębiec
3119:Bogurodzica
3068:Niepołomice
2799:Polish Jews
2707:Nogai Horde
2677:river near
2645:. In 1661,
2496:John Kemény
2399:Carpathians
2189:Jan Matejko
2031:Grand Prior
1982:signed the
1560:great power
1519:vedų tvanas
760:Total dead:
627:(1656–1658)
447:(1656–1667)
417:(1656–1657)
415:Brandenburg
345:(1657–1667)
343:Brandenburg
332:(1657–1667)
294:(1656–1658)
220:Territorial
7633:Categories
7460:Ogaden War
7410:Korean War
7329:Winter War
7198:Heimosodat
6785:Tsardom of
6362:resistance
5906:The Deluge
5194:The Deluge
4868:Gollub War
4862:Hunger War
4668:. Odk.pl.
4214:830511452X
4142:(2): 321.
3728:August 17,
3351:References
3308:The Deluge
3171:The Deluge
3061:Sandomierz
3049:Lanckorona
3037:Krasnystaw
3029:Krzyżtopór
3003:Sandomierz
2915:Baltic Sea
2727:Ruthenians
2709:conducted
2689:, but the
2213:Sandomierz
2027:Jasna Góra
1899:, and the
1813:, entered
1653:Background
1552:The Deluge
1515:Lithuanian
1471:Lithuanian
1422:Copenhagen
1347:2nd Cracow
1327:Kokenhusen
1317:2nd Warsaw
1302:1st Warsaw
1287:Sandomierz
1257:Jasna Góra
1237:1st Cracow
1195:New Sweden
962:2nd Kraków
917:2nd Warsaw
902:1st Warsaw
882:Sandomierz
852:Jasna Góra
832:1st Kraków
800:The Deluge
305:Right-bank
139:The Deluge
80:newspapers
7080:Åland War
7048:Murid War
6887:18th–19th
5710:Great War
4763:(to 1795)
4676:March 12,
4649:March 12,
4526:Routledge
4373:cite book
4148:0047-2697
4073:Routledge
3629:dzieje.pl
3084:Kruszwica
2983:Grudziądz
2971:Bydgoszcz
2891:Stockholm
2871:Pomerelia
2750:starshyna
2733:(Polish:
2717:With the
2608:Grudziądz
2541:1658–1660
2515:Grudziądz
2368:Leopold I
2252:Bydgoszcz
2241:Lwów Oath
2062:Wieliczka
2046:Nowy Sącz
1875:captured
1762:with the
1718:Sarmatist
1675:massacred
1600:In 1648,
1432:Grudziądz
1242:Nowy Dwór
1170:Pomerania
1074:1655–1660
1069:1626–1629
1064:1621–1625
1059:1617–1618
1054:1600–1611
1049:Sigismund
1044:1563–1568
977:Grudziądz
887:Kozienice
690:George II
474:Wallachia
434:Cossacks)
432:Left-bank
7613:Cold War
7475:Gulf War
6831:and the
6704:Internal
6560:Imperial
6485:Iraq War
5437:Iraq War
4670:Archived
4643:Archived
4588:Archived
4558:Archived
4486:Archived
4460:Archived
4430:Archived
4156:45371312
3945:June 27,
3939:Archived
3891:Archived
3860:Archived
3821:Archived
3794:Archived
3633:Archived
3553:June 23,
3491:June 10,
3485:Archived
3293:See also
3223:Podlasie
3197:Amarcord
3105:Braniewo
3088:Rabsztyn
2995:Jarosław
2879:Podlasie
2746:and the
2723:Cossacks
2705:and the
2630:and the
2616:Brodnica
2511:Brodnica
2233:dragoons
2209:Przemyśl
2201:Jarosław
2151:Volhynia
2143:militias
2118:voivodes
2082:Racibórz
2078:Głogówek
2066:Oświęcim
2017:Swedish
1905:Głogówek
1837:szlachta
1809:and the
1726:Cardinal
1708:szlachta
1638:Smolensk
1555:(1886).
1444:Treaties
1427:Ebeltoft
1372:Magierów
1362:Chojnice
1322:Dyneburg
1272:Jarosław
1200:Courland
1152:Theaters
947:Magierów
942:Chojnice
872:Jarosław
741:Strength
708:Alexis I
460:Moldavia
307:Cossacks
193:Location
152:and the
144:Part of
7553:Outline
7536:century
7137:century
6889:century
6572:Related
6556:Tsarist
6360:,
6358:history
6249:on the
5613:Bohemia
4718:in 1657
3714:"Wstęp"
3310:(novel)
3240:Kaszuby
3076:Wiśnicz
3065:Chęciny
2999:Vilnius
2987:Gniezno
2975:Malbork
2932:Uppsala
2913:to the
2911:Vistula
2867:Mazovia
2805:Outcome
2780:Dnieper
2764:Turkish
2756:Ukraine
2701:of the
2675:Vistula
2647:Vilnius
2582:Kolding
2578:Hamburg
2552:in 1658
2488:Podolia
2480:Stettin
2449:Ćmielów
2445:Vistula
2373:Tykocin
2348:Neumark
2300:in 1656
2280:Gniezno
2229:reiters
2221:Gorzyce
2090:Lubowla
2086:Cieszyn
2074:hetmans
2021:in 1655
2008:Malbork
1972:Livonia
1964:Vilnius
1933:Mazovia
1909:Prudnik
1843:Voivode
1722:Jesuits
1714:Austria
1634:Belarus
1618:Ukraine
1523:Swedish
1499:Swedish
1417:Rödsund
1412:Kolding
1357:Filipów
1312:Tykocin
1247:Wojnicz
1211:Battles
972:Skuodas
937:Filipów
932:Prostki
912:Tykocin
842:Wojnicz
749:191,000
660:†
330:Austria
229:Livonia
222:changes
213:Outcome
94:scholar
6863:Deluge
6787:Russia
6566:times)
6564:Soviet
6552:Russia
5390:(1941)
5371:(1923)
5309:(1812)
5267:(1794)
5176:(1651)
5161:(1638)
5155:(1637)
5130:(1630)
5124:(1625)
5100:(1619)
5088:(1606)
5080:(1610)
5046:(1605)
4948:(1508)
4870:(1422)
4864:(1414)
4703:
4621:
4554:Wprost
4532:
4400:
4361:
4309:
4244:
4211:
4154:
4146:
4110:
4079:
4048:
4023:
3962:pogrom
3931:
3852:
3751:
3520:
3439:
3394:
3371:
3276:Poland
3080:Łobzów
3057:Kielce
3045:Tęczyn
3033:Wieluń
3011:Kraków
3009:, and
2991:Lublin
2979:Poznań
2941:Gdańsk
2897:, and
2887:Warsaw
2875:Kujawy
2772:Crimea
2741:Hetman
2699:Tatars
2679:Puławy
2614:, and
2612:Elbląg
2517:, and
2492:Skałat
2457:hetman
2453:Łosice
2437:Tarnów
2411:Kalisz
2403:Medyka
2324:Wieprz
2248:Kujawy
2171:Bełżec
2155:Lublin
2064:, and
2042:Krosno
1992:Elbląg
1988:Gdańsk
1889:Łowicz
1877:Poznań
1854:Kalisz
1847:Poznań
1831:Ujście
1781:under
1661:, the
1594:, and
1576:złotys
1568:Warsaw
1535:Polish
1507:Polish
1463:Polish
1459:Deluge
1437:Nyborg
1402:Szkudy
1382:Skałat
1342:Lubrze
1337:Łowicz
1307:Kcynia
1297:Kłecko
1282:Zamość
1252:Krosno
1232:Żarnów
1227:Sobota
1222:Danzig
1217:Ujście
1205:Africa
1185:Norway
1080:Deluge
957:Skałat
927:Lubrze
922:Łowicz
907:Kcynia
897:Kłecko
867:Zamość
847:Krosno
827:Żarnów
822:Sobota
817:Danzig
812:Ujście
746:69,000
692:
674:
656:
640:
609:
579:
471:
457:
402:Russia
368:
354:
292:Russia
247:Russia
233:Sweden
205:Result
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
7299:]
4696:Potop
4152:JSTOR
3192:Oscar
3178:Роtор
3159:Роtор
3072:Ojców
3041:Wawel
3007:Radom
2967:Toruń
2523:Płock
2519:Toruń
2507:Sztum
2433:Wirtz
2422:Brest
2284:siege
2268:Praga
2260:Toruń
2256:Nakło
2219:near
2145:from
2070:Sokal
2058:Biecz
2054:Dukla
2050:Biała
1996:Toruń
1974:(see
1881:Konin
1827:Noteć
1543:potop
1407:Sound
1397:Toruń
1292:Warka
1277:Nisko
1267:Gołąb
1262:Radom
967:Toruń
892:Warka
877:Nisko
862:Gołąb
857:Radom
211:(see
101:JSTOR
87:books
7534:21st
7135:20th
6562:and
4701:IMDb
4678:2013
4651:2013
4619:ISBN
4596:2021
4566:2021
4530:ISBN
4494:2012
4468:2021
4438:2021
4398:ISBN
4379:link
4359:ISBN
4318:sak.
4307:ISBN
4242:ISBN
4209:ISBN
4144:ISSN
4108:ISBN
4077:ISBN
4046:ISBN
4021:ISBN
3947:2019
3929:ISBN
3899:2022
3868:2015
3850:ISBN
3829:2020
3802:2021
3749:ISBN
3730:2012
3700:2013
3667:2013
3641:2021
3611:2021
3555:2009
3518:ISBN
3493:2018
3437:ISBN
3419:2023
3392:ISBN
3369:ISBN
2939:and
2937:Lwów
2926:and
2809:The
2725:and
2685:and
2593:Sejm
2535:fief
2379:1657
2272:Piła
2254:and
2231:and
2193:Lwów
2153:and
2139:Lwów
2124:1656
2108:and
2084:and
2006:and
2004:Puck
1994:and
1931:and
1789:1655
1754:and
1685:and
1493:and
1457:The
1387:Gdov
1367:Walk
1332:Riga
1039:1562
245:and
176:Date
73:news
4712:Map
4699:at
4217:.
4188:doi
3242:),
2885:in
2588:).
2486:in
2205:San
2187:by
1911:in
1845:of
1673:or
1566:in
1517:: š
56:by
7635::
7297:ru
6558:,
4613:.
4586:.
4582:.
4552:.
4524:.
4484:.
4458:.
4454:.
4428:.
4424:.
4406:.
4375:}}
4371:{{
4315:.
4267:.
4236:.
4150:.
4140:22
4138:.
4134:.
4116:.
4106:.
4102:.
4071:.
3937:.
3885:.
3858:.
3819:.
3776:^
3716:.
3686:.
3675:^
3631:.
3627:.
3597:.
3579:.
3566:^
3557:.
3541:.
3479:.
3410:.
3379:^
3200:.
3086:,
3082:,
3078:,
3074:,
3070:,
3063:,
3059:,
3055:,
3051:,
3047:,
3043:,
3039:,
3035:,
3031:,
3027:,
3005:,
3001:,
2997:,
2993:,
2989:,
2985:,
2981:,
2977:,
2973:,
2969:,
2965:,
2955:),
2877:,
2873:,
2869:,
2865:,
2861:,
2790:.
2634:.
2610:,
2529:.
2513:,
2509:,
2375:.
2149:,
2120:.
2104:,
2100:,
2060:,
2056:,
2052:,
2010:.
1990:,
1943:,
1863:,
1785:.
1701:.
1636:.
1590:,
1537::
1525::
1521:,
1513:,
1509::
1473::
1469:;
1465::
6543:e
6536:t
6529:v
5472:e
5465:t
5458:v
4745:e
4738:t
4731:v
4680:.
4653:.
4627:.
4598:.
4568:.
4538:.
4496:.
4470:.
4440:.
4381:)
4367:.
4250:.
4190::
4158:.
4085:.
4054:.
4029:.
3969:.
3949:.
3901:.
3757:.
3732:.
3702:.
3669:.
3643:.
3613:.
3583:.
3526:.
3495:.
3421:.
3261:(
3248:(
3219:(
3209:(
3174:(
3090:.
1801:.
1533:(
1505:(
1461:(
1130:e
1123:t
1116:v
1082:)
1078:(
1016:e
1009:t
1002:v
791:e
784:t
777:v
643:#
582:#
430:(
253:)
249:(
215:)
156:)
148:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
