Democratic-Republican Party

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district manager in each district or section of his town, obtaining from each an assurance that he will faithfully do his duty". Then the town manager was instructed to compile lists and total the number of taxpayers and the number of eligible voters, find out how many favored the Republicans and how many the Federalists and to count the number of supporters of each party who were not eligible to vote but who might qualify (by age or taxes) at the next election. These highly detailed returns were to be sent to the county manager and in turn were compiled and sent to the state manager. Using these lists of potential voters, the managers were told to get all eligible people to town meetings and help the young men qualify to vote. The state manager was responsible for supplying party newspapers to each town for distribution by town and district managers. This highly coordinated "

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congressmen voted for Jefferson and most Federalists voted for Burr. Preferring Jefferson to Burr, Hamilton helped engineer Jefferson's election on the 36th ballot of the contingent election. Jefferson would later describe the 1800 election, which also saw Democratic-Republicans gain control of Congress, as the "Revolution of 1800", writing that it was "as real of a revolution in the principles of our government as that of was in its form." In the final months of his presidency, Adams reached an agreement with France to end the Quasi-War and appointed several Federalist judges, including Chief Justice

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navy, and passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts. Jefferson was especially averse to a national debt, which he believed to be inherently dangerous and immoral. After the party took power in 1800, Jefferson became increasingly concerned about foreign intervention and more open to programs of economic development conducted by the federal government. In an effort to promote economic growth and the development of a diversified economy, Jefferson's Democratic-Republican successors would oversee the construction of numerous federally funded infrastructure projects and implement protective tariffs.

315: 3069:. In addition to its base among the leaders of Clay and Calhoun's generation, nationalist policies also proved attractive to many older Democratic-Republicans, including James Monroe. The Panic of 1819 sparked a backlash against nationalist policies, and many of those opposed to the nationalist policies rallied around William H. Crawford until he had a major stroke in 1823. After the 1824 election, most of Crawford's followers, including Martin Van Buren, gravitated to Andrew Jackson, forming a major part of the coalition that propelled Jackson to victory in the 1828 election. 2702: 2893:

scientist James A. Reichley writes that "the issue that most sharply divided the Jeffersonians from the Federalists was not states rights, nor the national debt, nor the national Bank... but the question of social equality." In a world in which few believed in democracy or egalitarianism, Jefferson's belief in political equality stood out from many of the other leaders who held that the wealthy should lead society. His opponents, says Susan Dunn, warned that Jefferson's "Republicans would turn America upside down, permitting the

4862:. Under these rules, an individual who received more votes than any other candidate, and received votes from a majority of the electors, was elected as president. If neither of those conditions were met, the House of Representatives would select the president through a contingent election in which each state delegation received one vote. After the selection of the president, the individual who finished with the most votes was elected as vice president, with the Senate holding a contingent election in the case of a tie. 10146: 12437: 2541: 1823: 2862:"Republican party", "republican ticket" or "republican interest". Jefferson and Madison often used the terms "republican" and "Republican party" in their letters. As a general term (not a party name), the word republican had been in widespread usage from the 1770s to describe the type of government the break-away colonies wanted to form: a republic of three separate branches of government derived from some principles and structure from ancient republics; especially the emphasis on 2713: 2301: 12449: 1810: 12410: 11564: 2991: 3144: 57: 2399: 2825: 2249:, a type of new local political societies that favored democracy and generally supported the Jeffersonian position. Historians use the term "Democratic-Republican" to describe these new organizations, but that name was rarely used at the time. They usually called themselves "Democratic", "Republican", "True Republican", "Constitutional", "United Freeman", "Patriotic", "Political", "Franklin", or "Madisonian". The ratification of the 2120: 2966:

rights promised by the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. They further held that slavery had been permitted under the Constitution only as a local and impermanent exception, and thus, slavery should not be allowed to spread outside of the original thirteen states. The anti-slavery positions developed by Northern Democratic-Republicans would influence later anti-slavery parties, including the

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immoral institution, but he opposed the immediate emancipation of all slaves on social and economic grounds. Instead, he favored gradual phasing out of the institution. Meanwhile, Northern Democratic-Republicans often took stronger anti-slavery positions than their Federalist counterparts, supporting measures like the abolition of slavery in Washington. In 1807, with President Jefferson's support, Congress

12461: 2347:, Adams dismissed two Hamilton allies from his Cabinet, leading to an open break between the two key figures in the Federalist Party. Though the Federalist Party united against Jefferson's candidacy and waged an effective campaign in many states, the Democratic-Republicans won the election by winning most Southern electoral votes and carrying the crucial state of New York. 6438:, p. 376: "he sectional divisions among the Jeffersonian Republicans...offers historical paradoxes...in which hard-line slaveholding Southern Republicans rejected the egalitarian ideals of the slaveholder Jefferson while the antislavery Northern Republicans upheld them – even as Jefferson himself supported slavery's expansion on purportedly antislavery grounds. 3048:, were a loose group of influential Southern plantation owners who strongly favored states' rights and denounced any form of compromise with the Federalists. The radicals consisted of a wide array of individuals from different sections of the country who were characterized by their support for far-reaching political and economic reforms; prominent radicals include 5157:

minority faction — headed by incumbent president John Quincy Adams — became the National Republicans (and then the Whigs); it drew its support from the mercantile regions of the country, mainly New England and the large cities of the South. Members of the majority faction, meanwhile, renamed themselves the Democrats under the leadership of Andrew Jackson.

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leaders were wealthy Southern slaveowners. The Democratic-Republicans also attracted middle class Northerners, such as artisans, farmers, and lower-level merchants, who were eager to challenge the power of the local elite. Every state had a distinct political geography that shaped party membership; in Pennsylvania, the Republicans were weakest around

2332:. These acts restricted speech critical of the government while also implementing stricter naturalization requirements. Numerous journalists and other individuals aligned with the Democratic-Republicans were prosecuted under the Sedition Act, sparking a backlash against the Federalists. Meanwhile, Jefferson and Madison drafted the 2836:

the creation of a national university, a naval academy, and a national astronomical observatory. His requests to Congress galvanized the opposition, spurring the creation of an anti-Adams congressional coalition consisting of supporters of Jackson, Crawford, and Vice President Calhoun. Following the 1826 elections, Calhoun and

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you with a parcel of tickets to be distributed in your County. Any assistance and advice you can furnish him with, as to suitable districts & characters, will I am sure be rendered". Beckley was the first American professional campaign manager and his techniques were quickly adopted in other states.

6814:. "The people are now able every where to compare the principles and policy of those who have borne the name of Republicans or Democrats with the career of the adverse party and to see and feel that the former are as much in harmony with the Spirit of the Nation as the latter was at variance with both." 6901:

From the time when the anti-federal party assumed the more popular appellation of republican, which was soon after the arrival of the French minister in 1793, that epithet became a powerful instrument in the process of making proselytes to the party. The influence of names on the mass of mankind, was

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ran as Republicans, although they were not nominated by any national body. While Jackson won a plurality in the electoral college and popular vote, he did not win the constitutionally required majority of electoral votes to be elected president. The contest was thrown to the House of Representatives,

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Fear of a large debt is a major legacy of the party. Andrew Jackson believed the national debt was a "national curse" and he took special pride in paying off the entire national debt in 1835. Politicians ever since have used the issue of a high national debt to denounce the other party for profligacy

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pioneered. In 1796, he managed the Jefferson campaign in Pennsylvania, blanketing the state with agents who passed out 30,000 hand-written tickets, naming all 15 electors (printed tickets were not allowed). Beckley told one agent: "In a few days a select republican friend from the City will call upon

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After the War of 1812, Southerners increasingly came to view slavery as a beneficial institution rather than an unfortunate economic necessity, further polarizing the party over the issue. Anti-slavery Northern Democratic-Republicans held that slavery was incompatible with the equality and individual

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The Democratic-Republican Party saw itself as a champion of republicanism and denounced the Federalists as supporters of monarchy and aristocracy. Ralph Brown writes that the party was marked by a "commitment to broad principles of personal liberty, social mobility, and westward expansion." Political

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Adams shared Monroe's goal of ending partisan conflict, and his Cabinet included individuals of various ideological and regional backgrounds. In his 1825 annual message to Congress, Adams presented a comprehensive and ambitious agenda, calling for major investments in internal improvements as well as

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and a jingoistic attitude towards Britain. On June 1, 1812, Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war. The declaration was passed largely along sectional and party lines, with intense opposition coming from the Federalists and some other congressmen from the Northeast. For many who favored war,

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as Secretary of the Treasury; Federalists were excluded from the Cabinet, but Jefferson appointed some prominent Federalists and allowed many other Federalists to keep their positions. Gallatin persuaded Jefferson to retain the First Bank of the United States, a major part of the Hamiltonian program,

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The divisions between Adams and Jefferson were exasperated by the more extreme views expressed by some of their partisans, particularly the High Federalists led by Hamilton on what was becoming known as the political right, and the democratic wing of the Republican Party on the left, associated with

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While commonly labeled as the Federalist candidate, Clinton technically ran as a Democratic-Republican and was not nominated by the Federalist party itself, the latter simply deciding not to field a candidate. This did not prevent endorsements from state Federalist parties (such as in Pennsylvania),

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As one historian explained: "It was the good fortune of the Republicans to have within their ranks a number of highly gifted political manipulators and propagandists. Some of them had the ability... to not only see and analyze the problem at hand but to present it in a succinct fashion; in short, to

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From the foundation of the party, slavery divided the Democratic-Republicans. Many Southern Democratic-Republicans, especially from the Deep South, defended the institution. Jefferson and many other Democratic-Republicans from Virginia held an ambivalent view on slavery; Jefferson believed it was an

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to determine the president. Clay personally disliked Adams but nonetheless supported him in the contingent election over Crawford, who opposed Clay's nationalist policies, and Jackson, whom Clay viewed as a potential tyrant. With Clay's backing, Adams won the contingent election. After Clay accepted

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The term "Democratic-Republican" was used by contemporaries only occasionally, but is used by modern political scientists. Historians often refer to the "Jeffersonian Republicans". The term "Democratic Party" was first used pejoratively by Federalist opponents. Historians argue that the party died

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lands to white settlement. Ultimately, Jackson won 178 of the 261 electoral votes and just under 56 percent of the popular vote. Jackson won 50.3 percent of the popular vote in the free states and 72.6 percent of the vote in the slave states. The election marked the permanent end of the Era of Good

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quickly ratified the treaty, and the House immediately authorized funding. The Louisiana Purchase nearly doubled the size of the United States, and Treasury Secretary Gallatin was forced to borrow from foreign banks to finance the payment to France. Though the Louisiana Purchase was widely popular,

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on a diplomatic mission to purchase New Orleans. To the surprise of the American delegation, Napoleon offered to sell the entire territory of Louisiana for $ 15 million. After Secretary of State James Madison gave his assurances that the purchase was well within even the strictest interpretation of

2056:. After the War of 1812, Madison and many other party leaders came to accept the need for a national bank and federally funded infrastructure projects. In foreign affairs, the party advocated western expansion and tended to favor France over Britain, though the party's pro-French stance faded after 6697: 2654:

In his first term, Madison and his allies had largely hewed to Jefferson's domestic agenda of low taxes and a reduction of the national debt, and Congress allowed the national bank's charter to expire during Madison's first term. The challenges of the War of 1812 led many Democratic-Republicans to

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Amid the passion and the anger, Jefferson and Madison's Republican Party — the forerunner of today's Democrats — won the day; the coalition they built then proceeded to win every national election until 1824... The elections of 1828 and 1832 saw the ruling Republicans break into two factions: The

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The Jacksonians formed an effective party apparatus that adopted many modern campaign techniques and emphasized Jackson's popularity and the supposed corruption of Adams and the federal government. Though Jackson did not articulate a detailed political platform in the same way that Adams did, his

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Monroe believed that the existence of political parties was harmful to the United States, and he sought to usher in the end of the Federalist Party by avoiding divisive policies and welcoming ex-Federalists into the fold. Monroe favored infrastructure projects to promote economic development and,

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Political leaders on both sides were reluctant to label their respective faction as a political party, but distinct and consistent voting blocs emerged in Congress by the end of 1793. Jefferson's followers became known as the Republicans (or sometimes as the Democratic-Republicans) and Hamilton's

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The affiliation of many Congressmen in the earliest years is an assignment by later historians. The parties were slowly coalescing groups; at first there were many independents. Cunningham noted that only about a quarter of the House of Representatives up until 1794 voted with Madison as much as

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Though open to some redistributive measures, Jefferson saw a strong centralized government as a threat to freedom. Thus, the Democratic-Republicans opposed Federalist efforts to build a strong, centralized state, and resisted the establishment of a national bank, the build-up of the army and the

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was waged by competing members of the Democratic-Republican Party. The party's congressional nominating caucus was largely ignored, and candidates were instead nominated by state legislatures. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, former Speaker of the House Henry Clay, Secretary of the Treasury

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around 1806, which have been well documented by Cunningham. The Federalists dominated Connecticut, so the Republicans had to work harder to win. In 1806, the state leadership sent town leaders instructions for the forthcoming elections. Every town manager was told by state leaders "to appoint a

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polarization over the issue of slavery. Northern Democratic-Republicans formed a coalition across partisan lines with the remnants of the Federalist Party in support of the amendments, while Southern Democratic-Republicans were almost unanimously against such the restrictions. In February 1820,

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Shortly after Adams took office, he dispatched a group of envoys to seek peaceful relations with France, which had begun seizing American merchantmen trading with Britain after the ratification of the Jay Treaty. The failure of talks, and the French demand for bribes in what became known as the

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was formed in 1854 to oppose the expansion of slavery, and many former Whig Party leaders joined the newly formed anti-slavery party. The Republican Party sought to combine Jefferson and Jackson's ideals of liberty and equality with Clay's program of using an active government to modernize the

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Madison and Jefferson formed the Democratic-Republican Party from a combination of former Anti-Federalists and supporters of the Constitution who were dissatisfied with the Washington administration's policies. Nationwide, Democratic-Republicans were strongest in the South, and many of party's

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and accused him of unduly favoring well-connected wealthy Northern merchants and speculators. Madison emerged as the leader of the congressional opposition while Jefferson, who declined to publicly criticize Hamilton while both served in Washington's Cabinet, worked behind the scenes to stymie

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Despite the intensity of the 1800 election, the transition of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans was peaceful. In his inaugural address, Jefferson indicated that he would seek to reverse many Federalist policies, but he also emphasized reconciliation, noting that "every

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In the 1790s, political parties were new in the United States and people were not accustomed to having formal names for them. There was no single official name for the Democratic-Republican Party, but party members generally called themselves Republicans and voted for what they called the

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Jefferson and Burr both finished with 73 electoral votes, more than Adams or Pinckney, necessitating a contingent election between Jefferson and Burr in the House of Representatives. Burr declined to take his name out of consideration, and the House deadlocked as most Democratic-Republican

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in June 1815 brought a final end to the Napoleonic Wars and European interference with American shipping. With Americans celebrating a successful "second war of independence", the Federalist Party slid towards national irrelevance. The subsequent period of virtually one-party rule by the

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but other Federalist policies were scrapped. Jefferson and his Democratic-Republican allies eliminated the whiskey excise and other taxes, shrank the army and the navy, repealed the Alien and Sedition Acts, and pardoned all ten individuals who had been prosecuted under the acts.

4916:“In 1992, the Democratic Party of the United States will celebrate the 200th anniversary of its establishment on May 13, 1792... Thomas Jefferson founded the first political party in the United States, the Democratic Party, which was originally known as the Republican Party.” 10817: 2256:

By 1795–96, election campaigns—federal, state and local—were waged primarily along partisan lines between the two national parties, although local issues continued to affect elections, and party affiliations remained in flux. As Washington declined to seek a third term, the

2806:" in which Adams promised Clay the appointment in return for Clay's support in the contingent election. Jackson, who was deeply angered by the result of the contingent election, returned to Tennessee, where the state legislature quickly nominated him for president in the 8248: 3008:

settlements in the west. The Federalists had broad support in New England, but in other places they relied on wealthy merchants and landowners. After 1800, the Federalists collapsed in the South and West, though the party remained competitive in New England and in some

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Democratic-Republicans favored keeping the U.S. economy based on agriculture and said that the U.S. should serve as the agricultural provider for the rest of the world . Economically, the Democratic-Republicans wanted to remain a predominantly agricultural nation,

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after taking offense to a comment allegedly made by Hamilton; Hamilton died in the subsequent duel. Bolstered by a superior party organization, Jefferson won the 1804 election in a landslide over Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. In 1807, as the

2427:. Partly as a result of these spending cuts, Jefferson lowered the national debt from $ 83 million to $ 57 million between 1801 and 1809. Though he was largely able to reverse Federalist policies, Federalists retained a bastion of power on the Supreme Court; 5403: 3064:

After 1810, a younger group of nationalist Democratic-Republicans, led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, rose to prominence. These nationalists favored federally funded internal improvements and high tariffs, positions that would form the basis for Clay's

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emerged as the major candidates in the election. The regional strength of each candidate played an important role in the election; Adams was popular in New England, Clay and Jackson were strong in the West, and Jackson and Crawford competed for the South.

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While economic policies were the original catalyst to the partisan split between the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists, foreign policy was also a major factor that divided the parties. Most Americans supported the French Revolution prior to the

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In a private letter in September 1798, George Washington wrote, "You could as soon as scrub the blackamore white, as to change the principles of a profest Democrat; and that he will leave nothing unattempted to overturn the Government of this Country."

3194:, which was the second major party in the United States between the 1830s and the early 1850s. The diverse and changing nature of the Democratic-Republican Party allowed both major parties to claim that they stood for Jeffersonian principles. Historian 2569:

As attacks on American shipping continued after Madison took office, both Madison and the broader American public moved towards war. Public resentment towards Britain led to the election of a new generation of Democratic-Republican leaders, including

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in Philadelphia. The moderate faction consisted of many former supporters of the ratification of the Constitution, including James Madison, who were more accepting of Federalist economic programs and sought conciliation with moderate Federalists.

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Ideologically, all US parties are liberal and always have been. Essentially they espouse classical liberalism, that is a form of democratized Whig constitutionalism plus the free market. The point of difference comes with the influence of social

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Republicans were deeply committed to the principles of republicanism, which they feared were threatened by the aristocratic tendencies of the Federalists. During the 1790s, the party strongly opposed Federalist programs, including the

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In the uproar that ensued, the Party split, with each side laying claim to a portion of its name: the smaller faction, led by Adams, became the short-lived National Republicans; the larger, led by Jackson, became the Democratic

3094:. He blamed the newspapers for electing Jefferson and wrote they were "an overmatch for any Government.... The Jacobins owe their triumph to the unceasing use of this engine; not so much to skill in use of it as by repetition". 3098:

fabricate the apt phrase, to coin the compelling slogan and appeal to the electorate on any given issue in language it could understand". Outstanding propagandists included editor William Duane (1760–1835) and party leaders

2667:, who argued that Madison's program "out-Hamiltons Alexander Hamilton." Responding to Madison's proposals, the 14th Congress compiled one of the most productive legislative records up to that point in history, enacting the 2261:

became the first contested president election. Having retired from Washington's Cabinet in 1793, Jefferson had left the leadership of the Democratic-Republicans in Madison's hands. Nonetheless, the Democratic-Republican

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Presidential election results from 1796 to 1824. Darker shades of green indicate that the state generally supported the Democratic-Republicans, and darker shades of brown indicate that the state generally supported the

6753:"I see by a paper of last evening that even in New York a meeting of the people has taken place, at the instance of the Republican party, and that a committee is appointed for the like purpose." See also: Smith, 832. 5129:

The Republicans contended that the Federalists harboured aristocratic attitudes and that their policies placed too much power in the central government and tended to benefit the affluent at the expense of the common

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The Democratic-Republican Party invented campaign and organizational techniques that were later adopted by the Federalists and became standard American practice. It was especially effective in building a network of

2840:(who brought along many of Crawford's supporters) agreed to throw their support behind Jackson in the 1828 election. In the press, the two major political factions were referred to as "Adams Men" and "Jackson Men". 10958: 4871:

Clay himself was not eligible in the contingent election because the House could only choose from the top-three candidates in the electoral vote tally. Clay finished a close fourth to Crawford in the electoral

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in 1793, but Federalists began to fear the radical egalitarianism of the revolution as it became increasingly violent. Jefferson and other Democratic-Republicans defended the French Revolution until

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of New York "tossed a bombshell into the Era of Good Feelings" by proposing amendments providing for the eventual exclusion of slavery from Missouri. The amendments sparked the first major national

1993:, Jefferson and his Republican allies came into power following the 1800 elections. As president, Jefferson presided over a reduction in the national debt and government spending, and completed the 2853:. The dream of non-partisan politics, shared by Monroe, Adams, and many earlier leaders, was shattered, replaced with Van Buren's ideal of partisan battles between legitimated political parties. 11765: 2198:

of state governments. Hamilton pursued his programs in the belief that they would foster a prosperous and stable country. His policies engendered an opposition, chiefly concentrated in the

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Jefferson used the term "republican party" in a letter to Washington in May 1792 to refer to those in Congress who were his allies and who supported the existing republican constitution.

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to govern the nation and unseating the wealthy social elite, long accustomed to wielding political power and governing the nation." Jefferson advocated a philosophy that historians call

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By 1804, Vice President Burr had thoroughly alienated Jefferson, and the Democratic-Republican presidential nominating caucus chose George Clinton as Jefferson's running mate for the

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that would influence national politics long after the recession ended. Despite the ongoing economic troubles, the Federalists failed to field a serious challenger to Monroe in the

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difference of opinion is not a difference of principle". He appointed a geographically balanced and ideologically moderate Cabinet that included Madison as Secretary of State and

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In their second presidential run, Jefferson and Burr received the same number of electoral votes. Jefferson was subsequently chosen as President by the House of Representatives.

2521:, but helped Madison triumph over George Clinton and James Monroe at the party's congressional nominating caucus. Madison won the general election in a landslide over Pinckney. 11219: 3647:

were nominated for president and vice-president by a group of 66 Congressmen that called itself the "Democratic members of Congress". Gallatin later withdrew from the contest.

12062: 12057: 12052: 2509:, which called for a blockade on French-controlled ports. In response to subsequent British and French searches of American shipping, the Jefferson administration passed the 12166: 11224: 11072: 2929:" that centered on the acquisition and settlement of western territories. Under Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, the United States completed the Louisiana Purchase, acquired 17: 11758: 8699:(2006) how 4 Republican and 4 Federalist papers covered election of 1800; Thomas Paine; Louisiana Purchase; Hamilton-Burr duel; impeachment of Chase; and the embargo. 10338: 9447: 5482:

Foner found only two that used the actual term "Democratic-Republican", including the "Democratic-Republican Society of Dumfries", Virginia, 1794. Philip S. Foner,

11700: 10149: 3240: 2213:, a newspaper which recast national politics not as a battle between Federalists and Anti-Federalists, but as a debate between aristocrats and republicans. In the 2945:

with regard to European wars and conflicts, but declared that the United States would not accept the recolonization of any country by its former European master.

2343:, the Democratic-Republicans once again nominated a ticket of Jefferson and Burr. Shortly after a Federalist caucus re-nominated President Adams on a ticket with 12501: 2233:. While economic policies were the original motivating factor in the growing partisan split, foreign policy became even more important as war broke out between 12047: 2423:

With the repeal of Federalist laws and programs, many Americans had little contact with the federal government in their daily lives, with the exception of the

5398:

After 1802, some local organizations slowly began merging "Democratic" into their own name and became known as the "Democratic Republicans". Examples include

2274:. Though the candidates themselves largely stayed out of the fray, supporters of the candidates waged an active campaign; Federalists attacked Jefferson as a 12506: 9091: 8875: 2659:

convened in December 1815, Madison proposed the re-establishment of the national bank, increased spending on the army and the navy, and a tariff designed to

12486: 10584: 8583: 2463:. Many in the United States, particularly those in the west, favored further territorial expansion, and especially hoped to annex the Spanish province of 11187: 11112: 10430: 4855: 3609: 1580: 8702:

Laracey, Mel. "The presidential newspaper as an engine of early American political development: The case of Thomas Jefferson and the election of 1800."

11716: 10259: 12526: 12481: 11897: 11633: 10248: 7549: 4858:

in 1804, each member of the Electoral College cast two votes, with no distinction made between electoral votes for president and electoral votes for

12521: 12516: 11212: 11162: 11102: 10154: 9999: 5206: 1455: 8678:

Hale, Matthew Rainbow. "On their tiptoes: Political time and Newspapers during the Advent of the Radicalized French Revolution, circa 1792-1793."

12551: 10325: 4911: 4839: 4792: 2871: 2136: 2053: 1467: 12531: 12491: 11132: 11117: 9466: 4812: 3729: 3103: 274: 3222:

economy. The Democratic-Republican Party inspired the name and ideology of the Republican Party, but is not directly connected to that party.

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chose Jefferson as the party's presidential nominee, in the belief that he would be the party's strongest candidate; the caucus chose Senator

10976: 10552: 10290: 10267: 9440: 8381:

Ray, Kristofer. "The Republicans Are the Nation? Thomas Jefferson, William Duane, and the Evolution of the Republican Coalition, 1809–1815."

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writes that, after assuming power in 1801, the Democratic-Republicans began to factionalize into three main groups: moderates, radicals, and

5484:

The Democratic-Republican Societies, 1790-1800: A Documentary Source-book of Constitutions, Declarations, Addresses, Resolutions, and Toasts

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S.2047 – A bill to establish a commission to commemorate the bicentennial of the establishment of the Democratic Party of the United States.

2286:. Ultimately, Adams won the presidency by a narrow margin, garnering 71 electoral votes to 68 for Jefferson, who became the vice president. 12171: 10237: 9647: 4992:

Beasley, James R. (1972). "Emerging Republicanism and the Standing Order: The Appropriation Act Controversy in Connecticut, 1793 to 1795".

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ascended to power. Democratic-Republican foreign policy was marked by support for expansionism, as Jefferson championed the concept of an "

35: 7424: 12541: 11731: 11680: 10449: 9839: 8458:(September 2004). "Jeffersonian Democracy and the Origins of Political Antislavery in the United States: The Missouri Crisis Revisited". 8109:(September 2004). "Jeffersonian Democracy and the Origins of Political Antislavery in the United States: The Missouri Crisis Revisited". 3904: 3677: 2599:. Though Clinton assembled a formidable coalition of Federalists and anti-Madison Democratic-Republicans, Madison won a close election. 12176: 10474: 10373: 10205: 9924: 9849: 2909:. Influenced by the Jeffersonian belief in equality, by 1824 all but three states had removed property-owning requirements for voting. 2623: 2253:

with Britain further inflamed partisan warfare, resulting in a hardening of the divisions between the Federalists and the Republicans.

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In his first presidential run, Jefferson did not win the presidency, and Burr did not win the vice presidency. However, under the pre-

11710: 11202: 11107: 11087: 10899: 10602: 10344: 9869: 9342: 8868: 8740:

Scherr, Arthur. " 'A Genuine Republican': Benjamin Franklin Bache's Remarks (1797), the Federalists, and Republican Civic Humanism."

1942:. Those calling for a return to the older founding principles of the party were often referred to as "Democratic Republicans" (later 1502: 1439: 2513:, which cut off American trade with Europe. The embargo proved unpopular and difficult to enforce, especially in Federalist-leaning 12511: 12072: 12067: 11015: 11010: 11005: 10393: 10084: 9909: 9844: 9692: 9433: 9046: 9033: 9020: 9007: 8994: 8981: 8968: 8955: 3495: 3475: 3441: 3389: 3362: 3335: 3315: 3281: 3163: 2807: 2785: 2738: 2684: 2596: 2518: 2489: 2372:, by means of which the Federalist-controlled Congress sought to establish a closed-door Grand Committee with powers to disqualify 2340: 2258: 2214: 2033: 1990: 1939: 1615: 1434: 562: 294: 2716:

Four Democratic-Republicans sought the presidency in 1824: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay.

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of New York as Jefferson's running mate. Meanwhile, an informal caucus of Federalist leaders nominated a ticket of John Adams and

2160: 11920: 11622: 11601: 11234: 11122: 10731: 10380: 10226: 10014: 10004: 9974: 9697: 9637: 9632: 9224: 4842:. To distinguish this party from the current Republican Party, political scientists usually use the term "Democratic-Republican". 2324:, an undeclared naval war between France and the United States. The Federalist-controlled Congress passed measures to expand the 2180: 1970: 1854: 1537: 1461: 1449: 2104: 12139: 11644: 10836: 10388: 9597: 9457: 5431: 5419: 5399: 2442: 2431:

rulings continued to reflect Federalist ideals until Chief Justice Marshall's death in the 1830s. In the Supreme Court case of

1880: 1789: 351: 31: 5427: 5423: 11775: 11177: 11029: 10894: 10823: 10617: 10535: 10454: 9677: 8293: 8169: 8028: 7936: 7897: 7853: 7796: 5737: 2955: 2845: 2591:

wrote that the only alternative to war was "the abandonment of our right as an independent nation." George Clinton's nephew,

1769: 11915: 11798: 11355: 10758: 9989: 9769: 8861: 7686: 6727:

At a conference with Washington a year later, Jefferson referred to "what is called the republican party here". Bergh, ed.

6691:(1957), pp. 48, 63–66, 97, 99, 103, 110, 111, 112, 144, 151, 153, 156, 157, 161, 163, 188, 196, 201, 204, 213, 218 and 234. 2874:

was formed. However, since the days of Franklin Roosevelt Democratic politicians proudly claim Jefferson as their founder.

2438: 2369: 6950:

The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799 Volume 36 August 4, 1797-October 28, 1798

6799: 6785: 6741: 3683:

two-thirds of the time and another quarter against him two-thirds of the time, leaving almost half as fairly independent.

2982:, which proposed the voluntary recolonization of Africa as part of a broader plan for the gradual emancipation of slaves. 12026: 11793: 11167: 11092: 10909: 10240: 9929: 9914: 9582: 9562: 9537: 9371: 6756: 4859: 2887: 10557: 2350:

A significant element in the party's success in New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore and other east-coast cities were

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The Whig Party fell apart in the 1850s due to divisions over the expansion of slavery into new territories. The modern

2831:

won the 1824 presidential election as a Democratic-Republican after leaving the Federalist Party earlier in his career.

1896: 356: 230: 10421: 2663:

American goods from foreign competition. Madison's proposals were strongly criticized by strict constructionists like

2554: 12132: 11969: 11147: 10946: 10676: 10079: 9979: 9939: 9904: 9521: 8811: 8782: 8731: 8620: 8524: 8506: 8441: 8368: 8327: 8272: 8223: 8139: 8047: 7872: 7829: 7775: 7730: 7529: 7502: 6958: 6929: 5703: 5170: 5086: 5042: 4940: 3166:

the Democratic-Republicans split into factions. The coalition of Jacksonians, Calhounites, and Crawfordites built by

2942: 2472: 2333: 2044:. Jackson's supporters eventually coalesced into the Democratic Party, while supporters of Adams became known as the 1444: 11867: 11636: 11485: 11207: 11037: 10624: 10251: 10054: 9964: 9934: 9899: 9672: 9577: 9490: 9483: 9169: 3911: 3175: 3151: 2971: 2774: 2672: 2579: 2502: 2172: 2017: 2013: 1943: 1620: 1424: 159: 10867: 12161: 12100: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 10572: 10567: 10562: 9397: 9360: 9299: 9244: 9002: 8989: 3341: 3257: 3066: 2844:

coalition was united in opposition to Adams's reliance on government planning and tended to favor the opening of

2819: 2676: 2373: 2263: 2246: 2191: 2148: 2086: 1947: 1892: 1774: 1600: 302: 225: 8843: 5411: 2978:, continued to adhere to the Jeffersonian view of slavery as a necessary evil; many of these leaders joined the 12325: 12320: 11625: 11152: 10963: 10904: 10804: 10797: 10441: 10229: 10198: 9919: 9834: 9542: 9328: 9267: 8920: 8712:

Pasley, Jeffrey L. "The Two National" Gazettes": Newspapers and the Embodiment of American Political Parties."

5690: 3079: 2797:

As no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote in the 1824 election, the House of Representatives held a

2393: 1565: 479: 334: 279: 10579: 10355: 12496: 12090: 12031: 11748: 11652: 11197: 10877: 10726: 10511: 10410: 10279: 10271: 10164: 9894: 9889: 9592: 9379: 9195: 8545: 2979: 1575: 1570: 269: 2485:

argued that "We are to spend money of which we have too little for land of which we already have too much."

12212: 11753: 10914: 10884: 10753: 10486: 10009: 9682: 9160: 5573:

Contingent Election of the President and Vice President by Congress: Perspectives and Contemporary Analysis

3123:" drive would be familiar to future political campaigners, but was the first of its kind in world history. 3010: 2753: 2424: 1908: 1708: 1532: 195: 5143: 3021: 2778: 12546: 12228: 11995: 11990: 11785: 11695: 11660: 11594: 11509: 11425: 11157: 11127: 10491: 10294: 10109: 10089: 10069: 9516: 9501: 9137: 8925: 7601: 5034: 4719: 4670: 4585: 4541: 4497: 4448: 4404: 4360: 4316: 4267: 4223: 2656: 2530: 2344: 2217:, Washington effectively ran unopposed for president, but Jefferson and Madison backed New York Governor 1847: 1605: 329: 11892: 7475: 5202: 12427: 11850: 11820: 11082: 10523: 10464: 10059: 10029: 9764: 9627: 9385: 8930: 4807: 4179: 4135: 4086: 4042: 3993: 3944: 3851: 3807: 3758: 3191: 3049: 2773:, in which Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, but slavery would be excluded in the remaining 2696: 2448: 2359: 2351: 2325: 2140: 2025: 1955: 1585: 527: 5115: 2626:. Britain shifted troops to North America in 1814 following Napoleon's abdication, and British forces 12196: 12021: 11930: 11668: 11567: 11455: 11407: 11377: 11182: 11097: 11057: 10716: 10629: 10366: 10302: 10191: 10124: 10074: 9949: 9819: 9759: 9602: 9552: 9391: 9250: 8895: 6757:"James Madison to William Hayward, March 21, 1809. Address to the Republicans of Talbot Co. Maryland" 5392: 4896: 3715: 3187: 2726: 2615: 2218: 2090: 2045: 2004:

Madison succeeded Jefferson as president in 1809 and led the country during the largely inconclusive

1981:

each became more cohesive during Washington's second term, partly as a result of the debate over the

1419: 765: 164: 146: 2517:, and expired at the end of Jefferson's second term. Jefferson declined to seek a third term in the 1938:" by expanding the size and scope of the national government. The Republicans splintered during the 12536: 12112: 12016: 11491: 11142: 10607: 10114: 8199:

The First Republicans: Political Philosophy and Public Policy in the Party of Jefferson and Madison

6902:

never more distinctly exhibited, than in the increase of the democratic party in the United States.

5548: 3045: 3025: 2802:

appointment as Secretary of State, Jackson's supporters claimed that Adams and Clay had reached a "

2664: 2506: 2295: 2234: 1927: 1361: 454: 361: 11690: 9425: 6896: 4961: 2634:, ending the war without major concessions by either side. Though it had no effect on the treaty, 12313: 12260: 12186: 12105: 11964: 11467: 11419: 11343: 11310: 11286: 11052: 10919: 10889: 10044: 9587: 9557: 9311: 6846: 4932:

A Magnificent Catastrophe: The Tumultuous Election of 1800, America's First Presidential Campaign

2376:. Adams was to name Duane one of the three or four men most responsible for his eventual defeat. 2329: 1923: 1918:

Increasing dominance over American politics led to increasing factional splits within the party.

1780: 1675: 1492: 1203: 8822: 8307: 1930:, believed that the administrations of Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe—and the Congresses led by 12413: 12284: 11587: 11137: 10862: 10775: 10639: 10612: 10405: 10400: 9859: 9717: 9707: 9662: 9652: 9547: 9348: 9207: 8910: 8243:

Dougherty, Keith L. "TRENDS: Creating Parties in Congress: The Emergence of a Social Network."

8238:

Partisanship and the Birth of America's Second Party, 1796–1800: Stop the Wheels of Government.

5110: 4782: 2918: 2898: 2883: 2611: 2493: 2199: 2061: 1962: 1840: 1482: 1321: 1108: 903: 820: 790: 700: 670: 665: 587: 557: 399: 200: 10812:

Proposals for concerted operation among the powers at war with the Pyratical states of Barbary

8848: 7519: 7492: 6948: 6915: 6811: 3612:

election rules, Jefferson won the vice presidency due to dissension among Federalist electors.

2610:

were defeated. The United States had more military success in 1813, and American troops under

2311:

in the 1800 presidential election, thereby becoming the first Democratic-Republican president.

12303: 12144: 12117: 11830: 11725: 11449: 11437: 11318: 10741: 10682: 10501: 10332: 9984: 9969: 9814: 9809: 9687: 9113: 7471: 6687:

For examples of original quotes and documents from various states, see Cunningham, Noble E.,

6354: 5028: 3178:, which dominated presidential politics in the decades prior to the Civil War. Supporters of 2639: 2630:

in August 1814. In early 1815, Madison learned that his negotiators in Europe had signed the

2627: 2464: 2238: 1998: 1649: 1630: 1497: 1477: 1366: 1233: 1113: 1083: 810: 620: 532: 449: 8830:

The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776–1826

8745: 8209: 7120: 2336:, which held that state legislatures could determine the constitutionality of federal laws. 314: 12441: 12279: 12254: 12191: 11862: 11808: 11473: 11383: 11335: 10929: 10857: 10658:

Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States

10282: 9622: 9101: 8915: 8376:

Beyond the Founders: New Approaches to the Political History of the Early American Republic

8344: 7012:

Jefferson's second revolution: the election crisis of 1800 and the triumph of republicanism

5652:"A "Wild Irishman" under Every Federalist's Bed: Naturalization in Philadelphia, 1789-1806" 4966: 4948:

New York Governor George Clinton and Pennsylvania legislator Albert Gallatin, among others.

4802: 3159: 3106:

and Jefferson himself. Just as important was effective party organization of the sort that

3005: 2959: 2749: 2648: 2619: 2583: 2477: 2029: 1951: 1935: 1827: 1356: 1013: 780: 552: 459: 424: 345: 8804:

John Randolph of Roanoke: A study in American politics, with selected speeches and letters

5755:"William Duane, Philadelphia's Democratic Republicans, and the Origins of Modern Politics" 3138: 8: 12181: 11245: 11067: 10872: 10506: 10104: 9824: 9804: 9722: 9712: 9702: 9667: 9567: 9305: 9256: 9068: 8019:

The Birth of Modern Politics: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and the Election of 1828

3640: 3549: 3203: 3132: 2850: 2798: 2770: 2701: 2680: 2510: 2364: 2195: 1750: 1736: 1590: 1542: 1487: 1351: 1331: 1118: 825: 680: 640: 429: 419: 339: 8431: 8192: 6890: 12290: 12250: 12245: 12204: 12127: 12122: 11952: 11940: 11925: 11857: 11479: 11413: 11330: 11278: 11042: 10669: 10644: 10546: 10469: 10459: 9944: 9799: 9409: 9287: 9238: 9041: 9028: 8905: 8652:

New Jersey's Jeffersonian Republicans: The Genesis of an Early Party Machine, 1789–1817

8085: 7948: 7883: 7786: 7719: 7705: 7671: 7373: 5774: 5671: 5009: 3631:

but he received the endorsement from the New York state Democratic-Republicans as well.

3454: 3195: 3087: 2906: 2745: 2643: 2433: 2403: 2241:, which Republicans favored until 1799. Partisan tensions escalated as a result of the 2176: 2094: 1994: 1966: 1701: 1341: 1268: 1238: 1223: 1208: 1103: 695: 675: 630: 572: 504: 8216:

The Other Founders: Anti-Federalism and the Dissenting Tradition in America, 1788–1828

5205:. Charlottesville, Virginia: Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. 2733:. The panic engendered a widespread resentment of the national bank and a distrust of 12361: 12236: 11835: 11803: 11741: 11736: 11443: 11302: 11077: 10530: 10479: 10350: 10119: 9642: 9607: 9213: 9143: 9050: 8807: 8778: 8735: 8727: 8707: 8616: 8520: 8502: 8495: 8471: 8437: 8403: 8364: 8323: 8316: 8289: 8283: 8268: 8219: 8165: 8159: 8135: 8122: 8076:

Thompson, Harry C. (1980). "The Second Place in Rome: John Adams as Vice President".

8062: 8043: 8024: 8017: 8001: 7994: 7978: 7971: 7955: 7932: 7903: 7893: 7887: 7868: 7849: 7843: 7825: 7792: 7771: 7752: 7745: 7726: 7682: 7651: 7630: 7525: 7498: 6954: 6925: 6782:"The party called republican is steadily for the support of the present constitution" 5766: 5733: 5699: 5663: 5092: 5082: 5038: 4936: 4905: 4712: 3986: 3800: 3652: 3528: 3179: 3091: 3057: 2926: 2828: 2721:

despite some constitutional concerns, signed bills providing federal funding for the

2588: 2460: 2242: 2152: 2144: 2065: 2037: 2032:. Lacking an effective opposition, the Republicans split into rival groups after the 2021: 1974: 1904: 1814: 1391: 1376: 1228: 1088: 1058: 840: 650: 434: 409: 8785:). Adams, son of the Federalist president, switched and became a Republican in 1808. 8349: 5551:. Charlottesville, Virginia: Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia 1899:, individual liberty, equal rights, decentralization, free markets, free trade, and 12394: 12333: 12308: 12297: 12221: 11515: 11431: 11371: 11350: 11192: 10981: 10935: 10214: 10094: 10024: 10019: 9994: 9754: 9617: 9336: 9183: 9177: 8985: 8972: 8959: 8467: 8118: 7924: 7365: 6921: 5001: 4926: 4128: 3722: 3287: 3171: 3120: 2837: 2304: 2230: 2209: 2168: 2110: 1978: 1912: 1884: 1694: 1293: 1283: 1278: 1048: 1003: 978: 923: 888: 845: 690: 685: 484: 414: 394: 210: 187: 177: 90: 4834:

Party members generally referred to it as the Republican Party; although the word

3114:

The emergence of the new organizational strategies can be seen in the politics of

12453: 12379: 12373: 12367: 12355: 12000: 11845: 11840: 11461: 11395: 11389: 11062: 10841: 10829: 10540: 10496: 10169: 10034: 9959: 9954: 9874: 9864: 9794: 9354: 9317: 9232: 9107: 9072: 9063: 9054: 8900: 8772: 8397: 8279: 7839: 7815: 7645: 7624: 6701: 5727: 4930: 4787: 3661: 3644: 3554: 3506: 3421: 3211: 3199: 3107: 3099: 3041: 2967: 2938: 2930: 2803: 2784:

By 1824, the Federalist Party had largely collapsed as a national party, and the

2762: 2631: 2575: 2560: 2498: 2452: 2416: 2355: 2271: 2164: 1919: 1722: 1381: 1336: 1273: 1258: 1153: 1148: 1128: 1078: 1053: 1043: 1028: 968: 943: 928: 830: 815: 805: 735: 715: 710: 660: 577: 489: 8774:

Memoirs of John Quincy Adams: Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848

8285:

The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon

7845:

The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon

12465: 12349: 11974: 11770: 11503: 11265: 11172: 11047: 10924: 10768: 10694: 10689: 10099: 9403: 9281: 9275: 9125: 9081: 9059: 9015: 8253: 7819: 5175: 3648: 3579: 3500: 3416: 3395: 3167: 3147: 3029: 2934: 2790: 2725:

and other projects. Partly due to the mismanagement of national bank president

2668: 2635: 2592: 2428: 2041: 2009: 1514: 1396: 1346: 1326: 1316: 1311: 1288: 1218: 1188: 1178: 1163: 1073: 1063: 1033: 1023: 993: 908: 855: 795: 635: 499: 494: 444: 404: 8853: 7626:

Thomas Jefferson: The American Presidents Series: The 3rd President, 1801–1809

7583: 7356:

Cunningham, Noble E. (1956). "John Beckley: An Early American Party Manager".

2606:, but the war got off to a disastrous start as multiple American invasions of 2282:, while the Democratic-Republicans accused Adams of being an anglophile and a 12475: 12156: 12151: 11935: 11825: 11705: 11610: 11543: 11401: 10986: 10951: 10941: 10748: 10664: 9189: 9011: 8998: 8935: 8758: 7907: 5770: 5667: 4309: 3368: 3207: 3028:

was a prominent member of a group of Southern plantation owners known as the

2756:

debate since the ratification of the Constitution, and instantly exposed the

2730: 2722: 2660: 2381: 2184: 2156: 2125: 1903:. In foreign policy it was hostile to Great Britain and in sympathy with the 1888: 1794: 1743: 1715: 1248: 1243: 1138: 1038: 1008: 878: 775: 760: 755: 745: 730: 720: 705: 655: 615: 547: 509: 469: 464: 95: 8724:'The Tyranny of Printers': Newspaper Politics in the Early American Republic 8433:

Inquiry Into the Origin and Course of Political Parties in the United States

7788:

The Jeffersonian Republicans: The formation of Party Organization, 1789–1801

7323:"The Tyranny of Printers": Newspaper Politics in the Early American Republic 6914:

Janda, Kenneth; Berry, Jeffrey M.; Goldman, Jerry; Deborah, Deborah (2015).

5096: 2459:

By the time Jefferson took office, Americans had settled as far west as the

12401: 10699: 10039: 9789: 9293: 9201: 9037: 9024: 8761:

at Readex America's Historical Newspapers, available at research libraries.

8613:

The Transformation of Political Culture. Massachusetts Parties, 1790s–1840s

8578: 8530:

Cunningham, Noble E., Jr. "John Beckley: An Early American Party Manager",

8455: 8151:

James Madison: The American Presidents Series: The 4th President, 1809-1817

8106: 6886: 6695:

Address of the Republican committee of the County of Gloucester, New-Jersey

4490: 3447: 3150:

led a faction of Democratic-Republicans that ultimately coalesced into the

3082:

in major cities to broadcast its statements and editorialize its policies.

3053: 3037: 3001: 2757: 2705: 2540: 2468: 2455:

served as Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Jefferson and Madison.

1656: 1386: 1198: 1193: 1183: 1173: 1168: 1133: 983: 973: 953: 938: 918: 913: 883: 850: 785: 740: 725: 645: 605: 384: 8799:(1978), 3 vol; reprints the political newsletters sent out by congressmen. 7696:

Brown, David (1999). "Jeffersonian Ideology and the Second Party System".

7123:. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. October 4, 2016 6917:

The Challenge of Democracy: American Government in Global Politics 13th ed

6357:. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. October 4, 2016 5571: 2933:, and reached a treaty with Britain providing for shared sovereignty over 11815: 11521: 11497: 11270: 10971: 10780: 9474: 7740: 3198:

writes that Democrats traced their heritage to the "Old Republicanism of

3115: 3083: 2902: 2607: 2603: 2514: 2482: 2407: 2358:, whom the Federalists regarded with distinct suspicion. Among these was 2275: 2203: 2159:

prior to 1789, though the country had been broadly polarized between the

2069: 2005: 1900: 1560: 1401: 1371: 1253: 1158: 1093: 1018: 988: 963: 958: 948: 873: 800: 770: 610: 474: 439: 389: 205: 12448: 8717: 8683: 8089: 7709: 6689:

Jeffersonian Republicans: The Formation of Party Organization: 1789–1801

5778: 5754: 2028:. The Federalists collapsed after 1815, beginning a period known as the 11554: 11536: 11253: 10837:

Jefferson manuscript collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society

10736: 9149: 9131: 9119: 9077: 8976: 8963: 8584:

The Last Founding Father: James Monroe and a Nation's Call to Greatness

7377: 5013: 4035: 3656: 3574: 3294: 3183: 2975: 2894: 2863: 2712: 2571: 2546: 2317: 2308: 2300: 2283: 2267: 2250: 2222: 1986: 1982: 1965:

to oppose the nationalist and economically interventionist policies of

1931: 1729: 1687: 1213: 1123: 1098: 933: 893: 835: 750: 625: 542: 5675: 5651: 3158:

The Federalists collapsed after 1815, beginning a period known as the

3143: 2962:, doing so at the earliest possible date allowed by the Constitution. 2729:, the country experienced a prolonged economic recession known as the 2410:(2,144,480 square kilometers), doubling the size of the United States. 2012:. After the war, Madison and his congressional allies established the 10705: 10064: 8206:

Political Parties in a New Nation: The American Experience, 1776–1809

2990: 2866:

and the opposition to corruption, elitism, aristocracy and monarchy.

2683:

in a 65-to-54 vote. The Federalists offered little opposition in the

2398: 2321: 2190:

Hamilton implemented an expansive economic program, establishing the

1809: 1143: 1068: 898: 582: 537: 366: 8757:

The complete text, searchable, of all early American newspapers are

7369: 5362:(New York), September 22, 1800, p. 2 & November 25, 1800, p. 2; 5005: 56: 11294: 10763: 10389:

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777 draft and 1786 passage

10183: 9455: 7791:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. 6381: 2922: 2766: 2734: 2057: 1668: 1507: 1263: 567: 220: 8535: 8399:

The Louisiana Purchase: a historical and geographical encyclopedia

8390:

The Old Republicans: Southern Conservatism in the Age of Jefferson

7602:"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives, 1789 to Present" 6521: 6519: 2151:. His unanimous victory in part reflected the fact that no formal 8566:

James Madison and the American Nation, 1751–1836: An Encyclopedia

8418:

American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis

7808:

The Jeffersonian Republicans in Power: Party Operations 1801–1809

6975:

American Politics in the Early Republic: The New Nation in Crisis

6892:

A Collection of Papers on Political, Literary, and Moral Subjects

6786:"James Madison to Baltimore Republican Committee, April 22, 1815" 5729:

America Afire: Jefferson, Adams, and the First Contested Election

3660:

where Adams won with Clay's support. The electoral college chose

2279: 998: 11579: 8164:. Oxford History of the United States. Oxford University Press. 8040:

The Life of the Parties: A History of American Political Parties

7892:. Oxford History of the United States. Oxford University Press. 7821:

A Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create the American Republic

3206:", while the Whigs looked to "the new Republican nationalism of 2974:. Some Democratic-Republicans from the border states, including 2119: 8797:

Circular Letters of Congressmen to Their Constituents 1789–1829

7889:

What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848

6516: 8819:

Federalists, Republicans, and foreign entanglements, 1789-1815

8666:

The Democratic Republicans of New York: The Origins, 1763–1797

8643:

The Second Party System: Party Formation in the Jacksonian Era

8318:

What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America 1815–1848

7152: 7150: 6536: 6534: 3090:" to link members of Jefferson's party to the radicals of the 2781:. A bill based on Thomas's proposal became law in April 1820. 11225:

Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence

11073:

Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression

8161:

Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815

7452: 6506: 6504: 6465: 6453: 5950: 5698:. Belfast, UK: Ulster Historical Foundation. pp. 25–37. 2888:

Thomas Jefferson § Political, social and religious views

2690: 2642:

ended the war on a triumphant note. Napoleon's defeat at the

2445:

had the final word on the constitutionality of federal laws.

2060:

took power. The Democratic-Republicans were strongest in the

1946:) while those embracing the newer nationalist principles of " 1681: 1610: 1595: 252: 8430:

Van Buren, Martin. Van Buren, Abraham, Van Buren, John, ed.

6251: 5689:

Gilmore, Peter; Parkhill, Trevor; Roulston, William (2018).

5631: 5513: 5464: 5079:

The radical politics of Thomas Jefferson: a revisionist view

2824: 2679:, Secretary of State James Monroe defeated Secretary of War 2139:, the first such election following the ratification of the 30:"Democratic Republican" redirects here. For other uses, see 8042:(Paperback ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 7303: 7291: 7279: 7267: 7255: 7174: 7162: 7147: 7135: 6546: 6531: 6441: 6417: 6335: 6311: 6299: 6227: 5317: 2207:

Hamilton's programs. Jefferson and Madison established the

2020:, marking a move away from the party's earlier emphasis on 1625: 246: 8099:

The Republicans and Federalists in Pennsylvania, 1790–1801

7725:. American Presidency Series. University Press of Kansas. 7667:

The Jeffersonian Persuasion: Evolution of a Party Ideology

7328: 7186: 7089: 7065: 7053: 7041: 6501: 6369: 6275: 6263: 6239: 6215: 6203: 6191: 6167: 6118: 6094: 6082: 6046: 5857: 5221: 3226:

and a threat to fiscal soundness and the nation's future.

2163:, who supported ratification of the Constitution, and the 10339:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

10150:

State and local political parties (without national body)

7564: 7548:. Washington Republican. February 6, 1824. Archived from 6489: 6477: 6000: 5998: 5905: 5833: 5692:

Exiles of '98: Ulster Presbyterians and the United States

1662: 258: 8814:; Randolph was a leader of the "Old Republican" faction. 7524:(2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. pp. 503–504. 7219: 7198: 7101: 6913: 6022: 5971: 5845: 5797: 5785: 5619: 5607: 5595: 5583: 5293: 5281: 5081:. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. p. 18. 3241:

List of Democratic-Republican Party presidential tickets

2655:

reconsider the role of the federal government. When the

8844:

A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825

8754:(1968), highly detailed study of Republican newspapers. 7393: 7243: 7231: 7077: 7029: 7017: 6992: 6034: 5983: 5959: 5869: 5688: 8338:

Pennsylvania Politics, 1817–1832: A Game without Rules

6429: 6393: 6155: 5995: 12425: 6716:"Thomas Jefferson to George Washington, May 23, 1792" 6287: 6070: 6058: 2937:. In 1823, the Monroe administration promulgated the 8790:

The Making of the American Party System 1789 to 1809

8777:

Volume VII (1875) edited by Charles Francis Adams; (

8265:

Adams Vs. Jefferson: The Tumultuous Election of 1800

8132:

The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln

7405: 6980: 6826: 2741:, and Monroe won re-election essentially unopposed. 2387: 12048:

1789 Virginia's 5th congressional district election

10431:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

8628:

Jeffersonian Democracy in North Carolina, 1789–1816

8482:(2005), a close reading of Henry Adams (1889–1891). 7931:. American Presidency. University Press of Kansas. 6771:"Thomas Jefferson to John Melish, January 13, 1813" 6405: 5917: 4959: 2289: 1907:. The party became increasingly dominant after the 1581:

Americans United for Separation of Church and State

11717:Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 8494: 8348: 8315: 8016: 7993: 7970: 7947: 7744: 7718: 6742:"James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, March 2, 1794" 6707: 6681: 5759:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 4830: 4828: 2524: 8517:In Pursuit of Reason The Life of Thomas Jefferson 7996:Habits of Empire: A History of American Expansion 6946: 6323: 5656:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 5530: 5528: 3186:would form the main opposition to Jackson as the 2221:'s unsuccessful attempt to unseat Vice President 2048:, which itself later merged into the Whig Party. 12473: 8552:Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation: A Biography 8449:The Jeffersonian Tradition in American Democracy 8304:The Federalists vs. the Jeffersonian Republicans 2708:, 5th President of the United States (1817–1825) 2492:. That same year, Burr challenged Hamilton to a 2245:and Washington's subsequent denunciation of the 2167:, who opposed ratification. Washington selected 2128:, 4th president of the United States (1809–1817) 2113:, 3rd president of the United States (1801–1809) 11921:Co-author, George Washington's Farewell Address 11766:Constitution drafting and ratification timeline 10326:A Summary View of the Rights of British America 8883: 6800:"James Madison to William Eustis, May 22, 1823" 5070: 4825: 4793:History of the Democratic Party (United States) 3671: 2602:Madison initially hoped for a quick end to the 12502:Classical liberal parties in the United States 9467:List of political parties in the United States 8849:Democratic-Republican Party ideology over time 8606:The Old Dominion and the New Nation, 1788–1801 6606: 5525: 4894: 4813:List of political parties in the United States 3190:, which in turn eventually formed part of the 2437:, the Marshall Court established the power of 2320:, outraged the American public and led to the 11595: 10199: 9441: 8869: 8806:, 4th ed., Liberty Fund, 1997, 588 pp. 8497:James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity 7865:Grand Old Party: A History of the Republicans 7480:. Garden City, N.Y.,: Doubleday. p. 292. 2744:During the proceedings over the admission of 2647:Democratic-Republican Party is known as the " 1848: 12507:Defunct liberal parties in the United States 12172:James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation 10885:Member, Virginia Committee of Correspondence 8697:Jefferson And the Press: Crucible of Liberty 8260:(1995), detailed political history of 1790s. 5203:"George Washington: Campaigns and Elections" 2481:some Federalists criticized it; Congressman 12487:1824 disestablishments in the United States 8945: 8635:The Democratic-Republicans of Massachusetts 7477:Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics 6142: 6010: 5941: 5540: 5489: 5194: 5033:(reprinted, revised ed.). Manchester: 4910:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4890: 4888: 3678:Party divisions of United States Congresses 1934:—had in some ways betrayed the republican " 18:Democratic-Republican Party (United States) 12177:James Madison Freedom of Information Award 11602: 11588: 10977:Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia) 10374:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 10206: 10192: 9448: 9434: 8876: 8862: 8752:The Opposition Press of the Federalist Era 8690:The Press of the Young Republic, 1783–1833 8189:Economic Origins of Jeffersonian Democracy 7805: 7784: 7765: 7570: 7355: 7334: 7113: 6471: 6459: 6423: 6341: 6317: 6305: 5929: 5725: 4919: 3072: 2691:Monroe and Era of Good Feelings, 1817–1825 1855: 1841: 55: 11203:Louisiana Purchase Exposition gold dollar 11163:Washington and Jefferson National Forests 11088:Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service 8640: 8454: 8351:The Oxford History of the American People 8231:The Process of Government Under Jefferson 7676: 5390:(Hartford), November 27, 1800, p. 3; and 5378:(Philadelphia), November 19, 1800, p. 3; 5334: 5332: 5275: 5135: 4798:History of U.S. foreign policy, 1801–1829 3234: 2813: 12527:Political parties disestablished in 1824 12482:1792 establishments in the United States 10830:The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth 8075: 8037: 7945: 7923: 7237: 7192: 7095: 7071: 7059: 7047: 7035: 6998: 6704:", Gloucester County, December 15, 1800. 6671: 6669: 5911: 5752: 5534: 5454: 5452: 5350:(Philadelphia), October 10, 1797, p. 3; 5323: 5227: 5076: 4885: 4850: 4848: 3142: 3020: 2989: 2907:strict limits on the national government 2856: 2823: 2711: 2700: 2687:and Monroe won in a landslide election. 2447: 2397: 2299: 2155:had formed at the national level in the 1616:Southern Christian Leadership Conference 12522:Left-wing politics in the United States 12517:Left-wing populism in the United States 11123:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society 8592:John C. Calhoun, Nationalist, 1782–1828 8542:Alexander Hamilton: Portrait in Paradox 8129: 8105: 8096: 8056: 8014: 7838: 7814: 7664: 7622: 7309: 7297: 7285: 7273: 7261: 7249: 7180: 7168: 7156: 7141: 7023: 6967: 6885: 6675: 6648: 6600: 6588: 6564: 6552: 6540: 6495: 6483: 6447: 6435: 6399: 6387: 6375: 6281: 6269: 6257: 6245: 6233: 6221: 6209: 6197: 6173: 6161: 6124: 6100: 6088: 6076: 6064: 6052: 6028: 6004: 5977: 5863: 5851: 5839: 5803: 5791: 5682: 5637: 5625: 5613: 5601: 5589: 5519: 5507: 5495: 5470: 5458: 5386:(Charleston), November 22, 1800, p. 2; 5342:(Philadelphia), April. 30, 1795, p. 3; 5299: 5287: 5263: 5251: 5239: 5171:"What is Happening to the Republicans?" 4991: 3086:, a leading Federalist, used the term " 2622:in 1814, crushing Indian resistance to 2187:as a key adviser and ally in Congress. 2040:, while another faction backed General 1985:. Though he was defeated by Federalist 1875:(also referred to by historians as the 1538:Center for Budget and Policy Priorities 14: 12552:Political parties in the United States 12474: 11645:United States House of Representatives 9598:Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party 9458:political parties in the United States 8310:, short excerpts by leading historians 7991: 7914: 7606:United States House of Representatives 7490: 7470: 6576: 6525: 6510: 5989: 5649: 5546: 5346:(Portsmouth), October 15, 1796, p. 3; 5329: 4925: 4838:is not to be confused with the modern 2467:. In early 1803, Jefferson dispatched 2080: 1790:Modern liberalism in the United States 32:Democratic Republican (disambiguation) 12532:Political parties established in 1792 12492:Agrarian parties in the United States 11583: 11083:Jefferson National Expansion Memorial 10920:Jefferson and the Library of Congress 10895:Founding Fathers of the United States 10455:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves 10187: 9429: 8857: 8792:(1965) excerpts from primary sources. 8492: 8480:Henry Adams and the Making of America 8148: 7917:John Quincy Adams: American Visionary 7862: 7824:. New York: Oxford University Press. 7716: 7695: 7517: 7399: 7083: 6986: 6847:"Thomas Jefferson: Impact and Legacy" 6832: 6666: 6347: 6185: 6136: 6112: 5827: 5815: 5570:Neale, Thomas H. (November 3, 2016), 5569: 5549:"John Adams: Campaigns and Elections" 5449: 5370:(Baltimore), October 23, 1800, p. 3; 5366:(Harrisburg), October 6, 1800, p. 3; 5348:Claypoole's American Daily Advertiser 5200: 5141: 5026: 4845: 4840:Republican Party founded in the 1850s 2147:won the votes of every member of the 11691:Co-wrote, 1776 Virginia Constitution 11356:Cultural depictions of Sally Hemings 10213: 8647:details the collapse state by state. 8427:(1968), survey of political history. 8355:. New York: Oxford University Press. 8343: 8313: 8157: 7647:Thomas Jefferson and Executive Power 7458: 7411: 7225: 7204: 7107: 6844: 6660: 6636: 6624: 6612: 6411: 6293: 6040: 5965: 5923: 5875: 5547:Taylor, C. James (October 4, 2016). 5443: 5374:(New York), October 25, 1800, p. 3; 5354:(Boston), September 15, 1798, p. 2; 5311: 5168: 4818: 3229: 2901:, which was marked by his belief in 27:American political party (1792–1834) 11669:Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention 10303:Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention 10241:Vice President of the United States 9583:Freedom Road Socialist Organization 8825:, primary sources on foreign policy 8559:Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union 8420:(1993) detailed narrative of 1790s. 8383:American Nineteenth Century History 7929:The Presidency of George Washington 7879:concerns the party founded in 1854. 7429:, A.F. Gilman, Ripon College, 1914" 5376:Poulson's American Daily Advertiser 2941:, which reiterated the traditional 1977:. The Republicans and the opposing 1961:The Republican Party originated in 24: 12542:Republicanism in the United States 12133:James Madison Memorial High School 12027:Belle Grove Plantation, birthplace 10683:A Manual of Parliamentary Practice 10155:Presidential nominating convention 8765: 8180: 7973:Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power 7950:The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson 7681:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 7427:The Origin of the Republican Party 6150:James Madison: The Founding Father 5396:(Boston), November 29, 1800, p. 3. 5209:from the original on July 28, 2017 5201:Knott, Stephen (October 4, 2016). 4935:. Simon and Schuster. p. 21. 2985: 2036:: one faction supported President 1891:in the early 1790s. It championed 25: 12563: 11970:Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions 11926:Supervised the Louisiana Purchase 11916:Co-founder, American Whig Society 11711:Constitution of the United States 11609: 10677:Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 8837: 8460:Journal of the Historical Society 8425:The Democratic Republic 1801–1815 8111:Journal of the Historical Society 7806:Cunningham, Noble E. Jr. (1963). 7785:Cunningham, Noble E. Jr. (1957). 4854:Prior to the ratification of the 2388:Jefferson's presidency, 1801–1809 2334:Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 2024:and a strict construction of the 12459: 12447: 12435: 12409: 12408: 12068:U.S. presidential election, 1808 11873:State of the Union Address (1810 11868:Second Bank of the United States 11563: 11562: 11208:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins 10252:United States Secretary of State 10145: 10144: 8661:(1978) on Virginia and Maryland. 8598: 8472:10.1111/j.1529-921X.2004.00105.x 8123:10.1111/j.1529-921X.2004.00105.x 7882: 7594: 7576: 7538: 7511: 7484: 7464: 7443: 7417: 7384: 7349: 7340: 7315: 7210: 7004: 6938: 6907: 6879: 6853: 6838: 6817: 6734: 6654: 6642: 6630: 6618: 6594: 6582: 6570: 6558: 6355:"James Monroe: Domestic Affairs" 6329: 5579:, Congressional Research Service 5061: 4865: 3634: 3624: 3615: 3602: 2673:Second Bank of the United States 2553: 2539: 2290:Adams and the Revolution of 1800 2118: 2103: 2014:Second Bank of the United States 1821: 1808: 1621:Southern Center for Human Rights 313: 12512:Liberalism in the United States 12101:James Madison Memorial Building 11213:250th Anniversary silver dollar 10613:Founder, University of Virginia 9398:Benjamin Williams Crowninshield 8795:Cunningham, Noble E., Jr., ed. 8788:Cunningham, Noble E., Jr., ed. 8392:(1965) on the Randolph faction. 8374:Pasley, Jeffrey L. et al. eds. 8059:The Presidency of James Madison 7643: 7121:"James Monroe: Foreign Affairs" 6895:. Webster & Clark. p. 6861:"Jeffersonian Republican Party" 6845:Onuf, Peter (August 12, 2019). 6179: 6130: 6106: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5821: 5809: 5746: 5726:Weisberger, Bernard A. (2011). 5719: 5643: 5563: 5501: 5476: 5437: 5305: 5269: 5257: 5245: 5233: 5162: 2820:Presidency of John Quincy Adams 2677:congressional nominating caucus 2638:'s victory in the January 1815 2525:Madison's presidency, 1809–1817 2264:congressional nominating caucus 2247:Democratic-Republican Societies 2192:First Bank of the United States 2087:Presidency of George Washington 1601:National Organization for Women 12321:American Philosophical Society 11898:Federal judiciary appointments 11701:1787 Constitutional Convention 11626:President of the United States 11153:Thomas Jefferson School of Law 10959:Separation of church and state 10868:American Philosophical Society 10805:Notes on the State of Virginia 10798:The Papers of Thomas Jefferson 10230:President of the United States 8921:Presidency of Thomas Jefferson 8659:Chesapeake Politics, 1781–1800 8641:McCormick, Richard P. (1966). 8544:(1959), full-scale biography. 8486: 8395: 8288:. New York: Bloomsbury Press. 8134:. W. W. Norton & Company. 8078:Presidential Studies Quarterly 7954:. University Press of Kansas. 7848:. New York: Bloomsbury Press. 7770:. University Press of Kansas. 7768:The Presidency of James Monroe 7739: 7650:. Twenty-First Century Books. 7623:Appleby, Joyce Oldham (2003). 7615: 7521:Encyclopedia of Policy Studies 7431:. Content.wisconsinhistory.org 7358:The William and Mary Quarterly 6953:. Best Books on. p. 474. 6016: 5899: 5732:. HarperCollins. p. 235. 5169:Cobb, Jelani (March 8, 2021). 5103: 5055: 5020: 4994:The William and Mary Quarterly 4985: 4953: 3139:Thomas Jefferson § Legacy 3044:. The Old Republicans, led by 2849:Feelings and the start of the 2789:William Crawford, and General 2394:Presidency of Thomas Jefferson 2202:, that objected to Hamilton's 1566:American Civil Liberties Union 480:Separation of church and state 13: 1: 11749:Virginia Ratifying Convention 11653:Congress of the Confederation 11113:University of Virginia statue 10947:Jefferson–Hemings controversy 10585:Federal judicial appointments 10272:Congress of the Confederation 10165:Politics of the United States 8704:Rhetoric & Public Affairs 8680:Journal of the Early Republic 8672: 8608:(1972), on Virginia politics. 8575:(1961), full-scale biography. 8561:(1991), a standard biography. 8554:(1975), full-scale biography. 7677:Bordewich, Fergus M. (2016). 5956:Appleby, 2003, pp. 7–8, 61–63 5340:The Aurora General Advertiser 5111:"Democratic-Republican Party" 5077:Matthews, Richard K. (1984). 4962:"Democratic-Republican Party" 4879: 4627: 3893: 3710: 3687: 3056:, who jointly led a powerful 2980:American Colonization Society 2628:captured and burnt Washington 2587:national honor was at stake; 2471:to France to join ambassador 2368:, exposed the details of the 2237:(favored by Federalists) and 2194:, and convincing Congress to 2137:1788–89 presidential election 1877:Jeffersonian Republican Party 1871:, known retroactively as the 1576:American Humanist Association 1571:American Constitution Society 270:Politics of the United States 11754:United States Bill of Rights 10818:European journey memorandums 10558:State of the Union Addresses 10487:Dunbar and Hunter Expedition 9855:Democratic-Republican (1844) 9683:South Carolina Workers Party 8626:Gilpatrick, Delbert Harold. 8314:Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). 8245:Political Research Quarterly 8038:Reichley, A. James (2000) . 7968: 7721:The Presidency of John Adams 6729:Writings of Thomas Jefferson 6390:, pp. 209–210, 251–252. 5935: 5142:Olsen, Henry (Summer 2010). 3672:Congressional representation 2595:, challenged Madison in the 2328:and also pushed through the 1950:" were often referred to as 1709:The Problem with Jon Stewart 1533:Center for American Progress 130:; 199 years ago 7: 11996:The Papers of James Madison 11991:Pacificus-Helvidius Debates 11948:Democratic-Republican Party 11661:Virginia House of Delegates 11426:Cornelia Jefferson Randolph 11158:Thomas Jefferson University 11128:Thomas Jefferson Foundation 10635:Democratic-Republican Party 10553:West Point Military Academy 10345:Declaration of Independence 10295:Second Continental Congress 8926:Presidency of James Madison 8885:Democratic-Republican Party 8532:William and Mary Quarterly, 8322:. Oxford University Press. 5382:, November 20, 1800, p. 2; 5035:Manchester University Press 4776: 3016: 2877: 2870:out before the present-day 2531:Presidency of James Madison 2345:Charles Cotesworth Pinckney 2016:and implemented protective 1873:Democratic-Republican Party 1606:People for the American Way 1515:Rhode Island Suffrage Party 1430:Democratic-Republican Party 48:Democratic-Republican Party 36:Democratic Republican Party 10: 12568: 10465:Lewis and Clark Expedition 9613:National Progressive Party 9538:African People's Socialist 8931:Presidency of James Monroe 8534:13 (January 1956), 40–52, 8396:Rodriguez, Junius (2002). 8229:Cunningham, Noble E., Jr. 8097:Tinkcom, Harry M. (1950). 8057:Rutland, Robert A (1990). 7946:McDonald, Forrest (1976). 7766:Cunningham, Noble (1996). 7644:Bailey, Jeremy D. (2007). 7629:. Henry Holt and Company. 7497:. Macmillan. p. 180. 7491:Remini, Robert V. (2008). 6947:George Washington (1939). 5650:Carter, Edward C. (1989). 5144:"Populism, American Style" 4808:Liberal-Conservative Party 3704: 3699: 3694: 3675: 3586: 3561: 3536: 3514: 3482: 3462: 3428: 3403: 3376: 3349: 3322: 3302: 3238: 3164:1824 presidential election 3136: 3130: 2948: 2881: 2817: 2786:1824 presidential election 2739:1820 presidential election 2697:Presidency of James Monroe 2694: 2685:1816 presidential election 2597:1812 presidential election 2528: 2519:1808 presidential election 2490:1804 presidential election 2391: 2362:who in his newspaper, the 2341:1800 presidential election 2293: 2259:1796 presidential election 2141:United States Constitution 2084: 2075: 2034:1824 presidential election 2026:United States Constitution 1991:1796 presidential election 1940:1824 presidential election 1586:Brennan Center For Justice 528:American Revolutionary War 29: 12389: 12342: 12272: 12081: 12040: 12022:James Madison and slavery 12009: 11983: 11931:Anti-Administration party 11906: 11846:Seven Buildings residence 11784: 11696:1786 Annapolis Convention 11679: 11617: 11531: 11456:Frederick Madison Roberts 11378:Martha Jefferson Randolph 11364: 11298:(1997 documentary series) 11233: 11058:Thomas Jefferson Building 11026: 10995: 10850: 10789: 10715: 10630:Anti-Administration party 10593: 10440: 10420: 10367:All men are created equal 10313: 10221: 10137: 10065:States Rights (Dixiecrat) 9782: 9742: 9735: 9530: 9509: 9500: 9473: 9464: 9370: 9327: 9266: 9223: 9168: 9159: 9090: 8944: 8896:Anti-Administration Party 8891: 8828:Smith, James Morton, ed. 8714:Early American Literature 8590:Wiltse, Charles Maurice. 8447:Wiltse, Charles Maurice. 8204:Chambers, Wiliam Nisbet. 8061:. Univ. Press of Kansas. 8015:Parsons, Lynn H. (2009). 6700:October 21, 2017, at the 5753:Phillips, Kim T. (1977). 5393:Constitutional Telegraphe 5358:, October 8, 1798, p. 2; 4960:Ohio History Connection. 4768:House of Representatives 4767: 4764: 4762: 4711: 4489: 4308: 4127: 4034: 3799: 3706: 3702:House of Representatives 3701: 3696: 3691: 3688: 3504: 3494: 3452: 3445: 3388: 3366: 3339: 3292: 3285: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3188:National Republican Party 3126: 2960:international slave trade 2943:U.S. policy of neutrality 2181:Secretary of the Treasury 2091:Anti-Administration party 2046:National Republican Party 1971:Secretary of the Treasury 1775:Liberal bias in the media 1440:National Democratic Party 265: 238: 194: 183: 173: 165:National Republican Party 152: 147:Anti-Administration party 142: 124: 104: 83: 63: 54: 45: 12113:James Madison University 11351:Wine bottles controversy 11143:Jefferson City, Missouri 10608:Franco-American alliance 9658:Socialism and Liberation 8564:Rutland, Robert A., ed. 8158:Wood, Gordon S. (2009). 7717:Brown, Ralph A. (1975). 7461:, pp. 66, 275, 897. 6678:, pp. 185–187, 195. 6528:, pp. 391–393, 398. 5947:Appleby, 2003, pp. 65–69 5030:Political Ideology Today 3026:John Randolph of Roanoke 2748:as a state, Congressman 2406:in 1803 totaled 827,987 2296:Presidency of John Adams 1928:John Randolph of Roanoke 1881:American political party 1828:United States portal 1770:Liberal bias in academia 1435:Liberal Republican Party 293:This article is part of 70:Jeffersonian Republicans 12314:Cognitive Madisonianism 12187:James Madison Institute 11637:U.S. Secretary of State 11524:(2nd great-grandfather) 11468:Jane Randolph Jefferson 11420:Ellen Randolph Coolidge 11002:Presidential elections 10905:Jefferson and education 10890:Committee of the States 10381:Consent of the governed 10260:U.S. Minister to France 9935:National States' Rights 9790:American (Know Nothing) 9638:Progressive Labor Party 8573:Aaron Burr: A Biography 8336:Klein, Philip Shriver. 7992:Nugent, Walter (2008). 7665:Banning, Lance (1978). 7390:Cunningham (1963), 129. 5116:Encyclopædia Britannica 5064:The American Revolution 4895:102nd Congress (1991), 3073:Organizational strategy 2330:Alien and Sedition Acts 1924:John Taylor of Caroline 1781:The Liberal Imagination 1493:Rockefeller Republicans 111:; 232 years ago 12414:Category:James Madison 12285:American Enlightenment 11663:(1776–1779, 1784–1786) 11306:(2002 animated series) 11138:Monticello Association 10863:American Enlightenment 10824:Indian removal letters 10781:White House Colonnades 10776:Virginia State Capitol 10754:University of Virginia 10640:Jeffersonian democracy 10536:Native American policy 10406:Land Ordinance of 1785 10401:Land Ordinance of 1784 9663:Serve America Movement 9653:Renew America Movement 9349:Caesar Augustus Rodney 8911:Jeffersonian democracy 8817:McColley, Robert, ed. 8744:80.2 (2013): 243-298. 8682:29.2 (2009): 191–218. 8361:Jeffersonian Legacies. 8247:73.4 (2020): 759–773. 8130:Wilentz, Sean (2005). 8023:. Oxford Univ. Press. 7518:Nagel, Stuart (1994). 7472:Lipset, Seymour Martin 5498:, pp. 323–328, 338–344 5461:, pp. 299–302, 309–311 4783:American Enlightenment 3235:Presidential elections 3155: 3033: 2996: 2919:Execution of Louis XVI 2899:Jeffersonian democracy 2884:Jeffersonian democracy 2832: 2814:Final years, 1825–1829 2717: 2709: 2675:. At the party's 1816 2616:Tecumseh's confederacy 2612:William Henry Harrison 2578:, who championed high 2476:the Constitution, the 2456: 2411: 2312: 2200:Southern United States 1472:historically, factions 588:Young America movement 558:Jeffersonian democracy 400:Economic progressivism 201:Jeffersonian democracy 12145:Madison Square Garden 12118:James Madison College 12017:Early life and career 11831:Burning of Washington 11726:The Federalist Papers 11450:T. Jefferson Coolidge 11446:(great-granddaughter) 11438:John Wayles Jefferson 11183:Jefferson–Jackson Day 11118:David d'Angers statue 10915:Jefferson and slavery 10900:Historical reputation 10603:Early life and career 10335:(initial draft; 1775) 10333:Olive Branch Petition 10070:Traditionalist Worker 9750:Democratic-Republican 9688:Social Democrats, USA 9678:Socialist Alternative 9114:Joseph Bradley Varnum 8611:Formisano, Ronald P. 8550:Peterson; Merrill D. 8515:Cunningham, Noble E. 8493:Ammon, Harry (1971). 8385:14.3 (2013): 283–304. 8345:Morison, Samuel Eliot 8258:The Age of Federalism 8197:Brown, Stuart Gerry. 8149:Wills, Garry (2002). 7969:Meacham, Jon (2012). 7915:Kaplan, Fred (2014). 7863:Gould, Lewis (2003). 6260:, pp. 20, 68–70. 5640:, pp. 86, 91–92. 5522:, pp. 72–73, 86. 5473:, pp. 60, 64–65. 5364:The Oracle of Dauphin 5356:Alexandria (VA) Times 5344:New Hampshire Gazette 3264:Presidential nominee 3146: 3131:Further information: 3024: 2993: 2882:Further information: 2857:Origins of party name 2827: 2818:Further information: 2779:parallel 36°30′ north 2715: 2704: 2695:Further information: 2671:and establishing the 2640:Battle of New Orleans 2584:internal improvements 2529:Further information: 2451: 2401: 2392:Further information: 2303: 2294:Further information: 2229:followers became the 2085:Further information: 1815:Liberalism portal 1650:The American Prospect 1631:National Urban League 1498:Roosevelt Republicans 1420:Anti-Federalist Party 533:Civil rights movement 12497:Classical liberalism 12280:Age of Enlightenment 12230:A More Perfect Union 12192:James Madison Museum 11863:Era of Good Feelings 11809:Battle of Tippecanoe 11474:Lucy Jefferson Lewis 11384:Mary Jefferson Eppes 10858:Age of Enlightenment 10492:Red River Expedition 10283:Governor of Virginia 9925:National Renaissance 9850:Constitutional Union 9102:Frederick Muhlenberg 8916:Era of Good Feelings 8771:Adams, John Quincy. 8742:Pennsylvania History 8716:35.1 (2000): 51-86. 8706:11.1 (2008): 7-46. 8688:Humphrey, Carol Sue 8416:Sharp, James Roger. 8388:Risjord, Norman K.; 8359:Onuf, Peter S., ed. 8256:and Eric McKitrick. 7977:. Random House LLC. 7588:United States Senate 7546:"Anti-Caucus/Caucus" 7449:Gould (2003), p. 14. 6450:, pp. 380, 386. 6236:, pp. 192, 201. 5765:(3): (365–387) 368. 5388:The American Mercury 4967:Ohio History Central 4803:Jacksonian democracy 3160:Era of Good Feelings 2750:James Tallmadge, Jr. 2649:Era of Good Feelings 2620:Battle of the Thames 2441:, through which the 2030:Era of Good Feelings 1952:National Republicans 1503:Moderate Republicans 1239:Roosevelt (Theodore) 1234:Roosevelt (Franklin) 553:Jacksonian democracy 460:Legal egalitarianism 425:Freedom of the press 306:in the United States 216:Classical liberalism 12327:The American Museum 12182:James Madison Award 12167:U.S. postage stamps 11965:Library of Congress 11799:Second inauguration 11518:(great-grandfather) 11220:U.S. postage stamps 11188:Currency depictions 11168:Peaks and mountains 11098:Karl Bitter statues 11068:Jefferson Territory 10965:The American Museum 10873:American Revolution 10524:Non-Intercourse Act 10507:Embargo Act of 1807 10411:Northwest Ordinance 10394:Freedom of religion 10125:Youth International 10075:Unconditional Union 9980:Populist (People's) 9890:Independence (2007) 9885:Independence (1906) 9845:Constitution (1952) 9820:American Vegetarian 9760:National Republican 9603:Legal Marijuana Now 9553:American Solidarity 9306:William H. Crawford 9300:Alexander J. Dallas 9257:William H. Crawford 9245:Alexander J. Dallas 8750:Stewart, Donald H. 8722:Pasley, Jeffrey L. 8657:Risjord; Norman K. 8604:Beeman, Richard R. 8571:Schachner, Nathan. 8423:Smelser, Marshall. 8302:Goodman, Paul, ed. 8236:Dawson, Matthew Q. 7884:Howe, Daniel Walker 7321:Jeffrey L. 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Crawford 3174:coalesced into the 3133:Second Party System 2851:Second Party System 2799:contingent election 2681:William H. Crawford 2582:, federally funded 2511:Embargo Act of 1807 2365:Philadelphia Aurora 2183:, and he relied on 2081:Founding, 1789–1796 1948:The American System 1751:The Washington Post 1737:Talking Points Memo 1591:Equal Justice Works 1555:Other organizations 1543:Roosevelt Institute 1488:Radical Republicans 1229:Roosevelt (Eleanor) 563:Liberal Republicans 430:Freedom of religion 420:Fiscal conservatism 12547:Republican parties 12395:← Thomas Jefferson 12291:Marbury v. Madison 12128:James Madison Park 12123:Madison, Wisconsin 11953:First Party System 11941:Compromise of 1790 11858:Second Barbary War 11794:First inauguration 11732:written by Madison 11480:Randolph Jefferson 11414:George W. Randolph 11408:Thomas J. Randolph 11319:Jefferson's Garden 11279:Jefferson in Paris 11043:Jefferson Memorial 10670:Compromise of 1790 10645:First Party System 10547:Marbury v. Madison 10470:Corps of Discovery 10460:Louisiana Purchase 10005:Progressive (1948) 10000:Progressive (1924) 9995:Progressive (1912) 9930:National Socialist 9910:Liberal Republican 9880:Human Rights Party 9840:Communist Workers' 9693:Socialist Equality 9410:Samuel L. Southard 9288:John Armstrong Jr. 9239:George W. Campbell 8906:First Party System 8802:Kirk, Russell ed. 8695:Knudson, Jerry W. 8254:Elkins, Stanley M. 8187:Beard, Charles A. 7747:Alexander Hamilton 7679:The First Congress 7552:on August 31, 2017 6663:, pp. 281–283 6639:, pp. 279–280 6627:, pp. 275–277 5842:, pp. 99–100. 5352:Columbian Centinel 5230:, pp. 25, 29. 5146:. National Affairs 3455:Daniel D. Tompkins 3196:Daniel Walker Howe 3156: 3034: 2997: 2833: 2746:Missouri Territory 2718: 2710: 2644:Battle of Waterloo 2503:British government 2457: 2434:Marbury v. Madison 2412: 2404:Louisiana Purchase 2354:exiles, and other 2313: 2177:Alexander Hamilton 2173:Secretary of State 2095:First Party System 1995:Louisiana Purchase 1967:Alexander Hamilton 1702:The New York Times 573:New Deal coalition 505:Unalienable rights 12423: 12422: 12362:James Madison Sr. 12264:(2020 miniseries) 11836:The Octagon House 11577: 11576: 11444:Sarah N. Randolph 11347:(2020 miniseries) 11314:(2008 miniseries) 11148:Jefferson College 11108:Louisville statue 11078:Jefferson Lecture 10531:First Barbary War 10480:Empire of Liberty 10422:French Revolution 10351:Committee of Five 10318:the United States 10181: 10180: 10133: 10132: 10050:Social Democratic 10045:Silver Republican 10015:Radical Democracy 10010:Proletarian Party 9778: 9777: 9731: 9730: 9698:Socialist Workers 9588:Freedom Socialist 9558:Christian Liberty 9423: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9343:John Breckinridge 9214:John Quincy Adams 9144:Philip P. Barbour 8664:Young, Alfred F. 8295:978-1-59691-465-0 8171:978-0-19-503914-6 8030:978-0-19-531287-4 7938:978-0-7006-0359-6 7925:McDonald, Forrest 7899:978-0-19-507894-7 7855:978-1-59691-465-0 7798:978-0-835-73909-2 7751:. Penguin Press. 7571:Cunningham (1957) 7402:, pp. 18–19. 7335:Cunningham (1957) 7195:, pp. 36–37. 7098:, pp. 35–36. 7086:, pp. 19–20. 7074:, pp. 42–43. 7062:, pp. 51–52. 7050:, pp. 55–56. 6498:, pp. 79–86. 6486:, pp. 70–72. 6472:Cunningham (1996) 6460:Cunningham (1996) 6426:, pp. 28–29. 6424:Cunningham (1996) 6344:, pp. 19–21. 6342:Cunningham (1996) 6332:, pp. 93–94. 6320:, pp. 18–19. 6318:Cunningham (1996) 6308:, pp. 15–18. 6306:Cunningham (1996) 6296:, pp. 82–84. 6188:, pp. 97–98. 6139:, pp. 95–96. 6115:, pp. 94–96. 6031:, pp. 64–65. 5992:, pp. 61–62. 5980:, pp. 63–64. 5914:, pp. 41–42. 5854:, pp. 95–97. 5806:, pp. 97–98. 5794:, pp. 92–94. 5739:978-0-06-211768-7 5628:, pp. 85–87. 5616:, pp. 78–79. 5604:, pp. 80–82. 5592:, pp. 77–78. 5302:, pp. 45–48. 5290:, pp. 44–45. 4927:Larson, Edward J. 4856:Twelfth Amendment 4819:Explanatory notes 4774: 4773: 4713:John Quincy Adams 3987:George Washington 3801:George Washington 3653:John Quincy Adams 3598: 3597: 3529:John Quincy Adams 3230:Electoral history 3180:John Quincy Adams 3092:French Revolution 3058:political machine 3004:and strongest in 2927:Empire of Liberty 2829:John Quincy Adams 2589:John Quincy Adams 2507:Orders in Council 2473:Robert Livingston 2461:Mississippi River 2326:American military 2243:Whiskey Rebellion 2153:political parties 2149:Electoral College 2145:George Washington 2068:, and weakest in 2038:John Quincy Adams 1975:George Washington 1936:Principles of '98 1905:French Revolution 1865: 1864: 1462:Progressive Party 1456:Progressive Party 1450:Progressive Party 944:Clinton (Hillary) 435:Freedom of speech 410:Equal opportunity 288: 287: 275:Political parties 153:Succeeded by 109:May 13, 1792 16:(Redirected from 12559: 12464: 12463: 12462: 12452: 12451: 12440: 12439: 12438: 12431: 12412: 12411: 12334:Virginia dynasty 12309:Madisonian model 12298:National Gazette 12222:Magnificent Doll 11776:Founding Fathers 11672: 11664: 11656: 11648: 11640: 11629: 11604: 11597: 11590: 11581: 11580: 11566: 11565: 11516:William Randolph 11458:(great-grandson) 11452:(great-grandson) 11372:Martha Jefferson 11287:Thomas Jefferson 11193:Jefferson nickel 11178:Other placenames 11103:Hempstead statue 10982:Virginia dynasty 10936:National Gazette 10625:Ratification Day 10361:physical history 10306: 10298: 10286: 10275: 10263: 10255: 10244: 10233: 10215:Thomas Jefferson 10208: 10201: 10194: 10185: 10184: 10148: 10147: 10060:Socialist (1901) 9780: 9779: 9740: 9739: 9718:Working Families 9673:Socialist Action 9668:Socialist (1973) 9618:Progressive Dane 9548:American Freedom 9507: 9506: 9450: 9443: 9436: 9427: 9426: 9337:Levi Lincoln Sr. 9329:Attorney General 9184:Levi Lincoln Sr. 9178:Thomas Jefferson 9166: 9165: 8878: 8871: 8864: 8855: 8854: 8832:Volume 2 (1994). 8650:Prince, Carl E. 8646: 8557:Remini, Robert. 8540:Miller, John C. 8512: 8500: 8475: 8413: 8356: 8354: 8333: 8321: 8299: 8240:Greenwood, 2000. 8175: 8154: 8145: 8126: 8102: 8093: 8072: 8053: 8034: 8022: 8011: 7999: 7988: 7976: 7965: 7953: 7942: 7920: 7919:. 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Thomas 2699: 2693: 2632:Treaty of Ghent 2576:John C. Calhoun 2567: 2566: 2565: 2564: 2563: 2561:John C. Calhoun 2558: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2533: 2527: 2501:continued, the 2499:Napoleonic Wars 2453:Albert Gallatin 2443:judicial branch 2439:judicial review 2417:Albert Gallatin 2396: 2390: 2298: 2292: 2272:Thomas Pinckney 2133: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2123: 2115: 2114: 2108: 2097: 2083: 2078: 1920:Old Republicans 1861: 1822: 1820: 1819: 1807: 1800: 1799: 1784: 1765: 1757: 1756: 1644: 1636: 1635: 1556: 1548: 1547: 1528: 1520: 1519: 1415: 1407: 1406: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1039:Jackson (Jesse) 869: 861: 860: 601: 593: 592: 578:Progressive Era 523: 515: 514: 490:Social equality 380: 372: 371: 325: 305: 303: 284: 261: 255: 249: 243: 169: 134: 132: 129: 115: 113: 110: 108: 100: 79: 50: 49: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12565: 12555: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12469: 12468: 12456: 12444: 12421: 12420: 12418: 12417: 12405: 12402:James Monroe → 12398: 12390: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12383: 12377: 12371: 12365: 12359: 12353: 12350:Dolley Madison 12346: 12344: 12340: 12339: 12337: 12336: 12331: 12323: 12318: 12317: 12316: 12306: 12301: 12294: 12287: 12282: 12276: 12274: 12270: 12269: 12267: 12266: 12258: 12242: 12238:Liberty's Kids 12234: 12226: 12218: 12210: 12202: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12162:Madison Street 12159: 12154: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12140:Madison Square 12137: 12136: 12135: 12130: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12109: 12108: 12098: 12093: 12087: 12085: 12079: 12078: 12076: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12044: 12042: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12013: 12011: 12007: 12006: 12004: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11987: 11985: 11984:Other writings 11981: 11980: 11978: 11977: 11975:Report of 1800 11972: 11967: 11962: 11961: 11960: 11955: 11945: 11944: 11943: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11912: 11910: 11909:accomplisments 11904: 11903: 11901: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11854: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11813: 11812: 11811: 11804:Tecumseh's War 11801: 11796: 11790: 11788: 11782: 11781: 11779: 11778: 11773: 11771:Tariff of 1789 11768: 11763: 11762: 11761: 11759:27th amendment 11751: 11746: 11745: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11722: 11721: 11720: 11713: 11708: 11698: 11693: 11687: 11685: 11677: 11676: 11674: 11673: 11665: 11657: 11649: 11641: 11630: 11618: 11615: 11614: 11607: 11606: 11599: 11592: 11584: 11575: 11574: 11572: 11571: 11558: 11557: 11552: 11548: 11547: 11540: 11532: 11529: 11528: 11526: 11525: 11519: 11513: 11510:Isham Randolph 11507: 11506:(grand-nephew) 11504:Dabney S. Carr 11501: 11495: 11489: 11483: 11477: 11471: 11465: 11459: 11453: 11447: 11441: 11435: 11429: 11423: 11417: 11411: 11405: 11399: 11393: 11387: 11381: 11375: 11368: 11366: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11340: 11339: 11338: 11333: 11323: 11315: 11307: 11303:Liberty's Kids 11299: 11291: 11283: 11275: 11274: 11273: 11268: 11258: 11250: 11241: 11239: 11231: 11230: 11228: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11216: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11173:Jefferson Rock 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11048:Mount Rushmore 11045: 11040: 11034: 11032: 11024: 11023: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11018: 11013: 11008: 10999: 10997: 10993: 10992: 10990: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10961: 10956: 10955: 10954: 10949: 10939: 10932: 10927: 10925:Jefferson Pier 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10881: 10880: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10854: 10852: 10848: 10847: 10845: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10826: 10821: 10815: 10809: 10801: 10793: 10791: 10790:Other writings 10787: 10786: 10784: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10772: 10771: 10769:Jefferson Hall 10766: 10761: 10751: 10746: 10745: 10744: 10734: 10729: 10723: 10721: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10709: 10702: 10697: 10695:Jefferson disk 10692: 10690:American Creed 10687: 10679: 10674: 10673: 10672: 10662: 10654: 10653: 10652: 10647: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10621: 10620: 10610: 10605: 10599: 10597: 10591: 10590: 10588: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10576: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10555: 10550: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10527: 10526: 10521: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10483: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10446: 10444: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10434: 10426: 10424: 10418: 10417: 10415: 10414: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10397: 10396: 10386: 10385: 10384: 10377: 10370: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10342: 10336: 10330: 10321: 10319: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10307: 10299: 10287: 10276: 10264: 10256: 10245: 10234: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10211: 10210: 10203: 10196: 10188: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10152: 10141: 10138: 10135: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10128: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10110:Young Patriots 10107: 10102: 10100:White Panthers 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9975:People's Party 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9915:Liberty (1840) 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9870:Gold Democrats 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9786: 9784: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9772: 9770:National Union 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9746: 9744: 9737: 9733: 9732: 9729: 9728: 9726: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9534: 9532: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9519: 9513: 9511: 9504: 9498: 9497: 9495: 9494: 9487: 9479: 9477: 9471: 9470: 9465: 9462: 9461: 9453: 9452: 9445: 9438: 9430: 9421: 9420: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9407: 9404:Smith Thompson 9401: 9395: 9389: 9383: 9376: 9374: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9364: 9358: 9352: 9346: 9340: 9333: 9331: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9321: 9315: 9309: 9303: 9297: 9291: 9285: 9282:William Eustis 9279: 9276:Henry Dearborn 9272: 9270: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9260: 9254: 9248: 9242: 9236: 9229: 9227: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9217: 9211: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9187: 9181: 9174: 9172: 9163: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9153: 9147: 9141: 9138:John W. Taylor 9135: 9129: 9126:Langdon Cheves 9123: 9117: 9111: 9105: 9098: 9096: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9084: 9075: 9066: 9057: 9044: 9031: 9018: 9005: 8992: 8979: 8966: 8952: 8950: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8892: 8889: 8888: 8881: 8880: 8873: 8866: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8846: 8839: 8838:External links 8836: 8834: 8833: 8826: 8815: 8800: 8793: 8786: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8762: 8755: 8748: 8738: 8720: 8710: 8700: 8693: 8686: 8674: 8671: 8670: 8669: 8662: 8655: 8648: 8638: 8631: 8624: 8609: 8600: 8597: 8596: 8595: 8588: 8576: 8569: 8562: 8555: 8548: 8538: 8528: 8513: 8507: 8488: 8485: 8484: 8483: 8478:Wills, Garry. 8476: 8466:(3): 375–401. 8452: 8445: 8428: 8421: 8414: 8409:978-1576071885 8408: 8393: 8386: 8379: 8372: 8357: 8341: 8334: 8328: 8311: 8300: 8294: 8276: 8261: 8251: 8241: 8234: 8227: 8212: 8202: 8195: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8170: 8155: 8153:. Times Books. 8146: 8140: 8127: 8117:(3): 375–401. 8103: 8094: 8084:(2): 171–178. 8073: 8068:978-0700604654 8067: 8054: 8048: 8035: 8029: 8012: 8007:978-1400042920 8006: 7989: 7984:978-0679645368 7983: 7966: 7961:978-0700603305 7960: 7943: 7937: 7921: 7912: 7898: 7880: 7873: 7860: 7854: 7836: 7830: 7812: 7803: 7797: 7782: 7776: 7763: 7758:978-1594200090 7757: 7737: 7731: 7714: 7693: 7687: 7674: 7662: 7657:978-1139466295 7656: 7641: 7636:978-0805069242 7635: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7611: 7593: 7575: 7563: 7537: 7530: 7510: 7503: 7494:Andrew Jackson 7483: 7463: 7451: 7442: 7416: 7414:, p. 582. 7404: 7392: 7383: 7348: 7339: 7337:, p. 167. 7327: 7314: 7310:Wilentz (2005) 7302: 7298:Wilentz (2005) 7290: 7286:Wilentz (2005) 7278: 7274:Wilentz (2005) 7266: 7262:Wilentz (2005) 7254: 7252:, p. 100. 7250:Wilentz (2005) 7242: 7230: 7218: 7209: 7197: 7185: 7181:Wilentz (2005) 7173: 7169:Wilentz (2005) 7161: 7157:Wilentz (2005) 7146: 7142:Wilentz (2005) 7134: 7112: 7100: 7088: 7076: 7064: 7052: 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6081: 6077:Rutland (1990) 6069: 6065:Rutland (1990) 6057: 6053:Wilentz (2005) 6045: 6033: 6029:Appleby (2003) 6021: 6009: 6007:, p. 108. 6005:Wilentz (2005) 5994: 5982: 5978:Appleby (2003) 5970: 5958: 5949: 5940: 5928: 5926:, p. 293. 5916: 5904: 5892: 5880: 5868: 5864:Wilentz (2005) 5856: 5852:Wilentz (2005) 5844: 5840:Wilentz (2005) 5832: 5820: 5808: 5804:Wilentz (2005) 5796: 5792:Wilentz (2005) 5784: 5745: 5738: 5718: 5704: 5681: 5662:(2): 178–189. 5642: 5638:Wilentz (2005) 5630: 5626:Wilentz (2005) 5618: 5614:Wilentz (2005) 5606: 5602:Wilentz (2005) 5594: 5590:Wilentz (2005) 5582: 5562: 5539: 5524: 5520:Wilentz (2005) 5512: 5508:Ferling (2003) 5500: 5496:Ferling (2009) 5488: 5475: 5471:Wilentz (2005) 5463: 5459:Ferling (2009) 5448: 5436: 5328: 5316: 5304: 5300:Wilentz (2005) 5292: 5288:Wilentz (2005) 5280: 5268: 5264:Ferling (2009) 5256: 5252:Ferling (2009) 5244: 5240:Ferling (2009) 5232: 5220: 5193: 5176:The New Yorker 5161: 5134: 5102: 5087: 5069: 5066:. p. 100. 5054: 5043: 5037:. p. 32. 5019: 4984: 4952: 4941: 4918: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4864: 4860:vice president 4844: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4325: 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1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1478:Black-and-tans 1465: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1445:People's Party 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1104:King (Coretta) 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1079:Kennedy (John) 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 954:Cuomo (Andrew) 951: 946: 941: 939:Clinton (Bill) 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 870: 867: 866: 863: 862: 859: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 696:King (Coretta) 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 602: 599: 598: 595: 594: 591: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 524: 521: 520: 517: 516: 513: 512: 507: 502: 500:Social welfare 497: 495:Social justice 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 445:Harm Principle 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 405:Egalitarianism 402: 397: 392: 387: 381: 378: 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 342: 337: 332: 326: 323: 322: 319: 318: 310: 309: 299: 298: 286: 285: 283: 282: 277: 272: 266: 263: 262: 242: 240: 236: 235: 234: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 198: 192: 191: 185: 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 168: 167: 162: 156: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 126: 122: 121: 106: 102: 101: 99: 98: 93: 87: 85: 81: 80: 78: 77: 74: 71: 67: 65: 61: 60: 52: 51: 47: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12564: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12479: 12477: 12467: 12457: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12443: 12442:United States 12433: 12432: 12429: 12416: 12415: 12406: 12404: 12403: 12399: 12397: 12396: 12392: 12391: 12388: 12382:(grandfather) 12381: 12378: 12375: 12372: 12369: 12366: 12363: 12360: 12357: 12354: 12351: 12348: 12347: 12345: 12341: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12315: 12312: 12311: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12304:Paul Jennings 12302: 12300: 12299: 12295: 12293: 12292: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12271: 12265: 12263: 12259: 12256: 12252: 12248: 12247: 12243: 12241: 12240:(2002 series) 12239: 12235: 12233: 12231: 12227: 12224: 12223: 12219: 12217: 12216: 12215:James Madison 12211: 12209: 12208: 12203: 12201: 12200: 12199:James Madison 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12157:Mount Madison 12155: 12153: 12152:Madison River 12150: 12146: 12143: 12142: 12141: 12138: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12125: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12107: 12104: 12103: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12088: 12086: 12080: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12039: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12014: 12012: 12008: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11982: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11959: 11958:republicanism 11956: 11954: 11951: 11950: 11949: 11946: 11942: 11939: 11938: 11937: 11936:Residence Act 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11913: 11911: 11905: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11826:Henry letters 11824: 11822: 11819: 11818: 11817: 11814: 11810: 11807: 11806: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11783: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11760: 11757: 11756: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11729: 11728: 11727: 11723: 11719: 11718: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11706:Virginia Plan 11704: 11703: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11688: 11686: 11684: 11683:Constitution" 11678: 11670: 11666: 11662: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11646: 11642: 11638: 11635: 11631: 11627: 11624: 11620: 11619: 11616: 11612: 11611:James Madison 11605: 11600: 11598: 11593: 11591: 11586: 11585: 11582: 11570: 11569: 11560: 11559: 11556: 11553: 11550: 11549: 11546: 11545: 11541: 11539: 11538: 11534: 11533: 11530: 11523: 11520: 11517: 11514: 11512:(grandfather) 11511: 11508: 11505: 11502: 11499: 11496: 11493: 11490: 11487: 11484: 11481: 11478: 11475: 11472: 11469: 11466: 11463: 11460: 11457: 11454: 11451: 11448: 11445: 11442: 11439: 11436: 11433: 11432:Francis Eppes 11430: 11427: 11424: 11421: 11418: 11415: 11412: 11409: 11406: 11403: 11402:Eston Hemings 11400: 11397: 11394: 11391: 11388: 11385: 11382: 11379: 11376: 11373: 11370: 11369: 11367: 11363: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11346: 11345: 11341: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11328: 11327: 11324: 11321: 11320: 11316: 11313: 11312: 11308: 11305: 11304: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11292: 11289: 11288: 11284: 11281: 11280: 11276: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11263: 11262: 11259: 11256: 11255: 11251: 11248: 11247: 11243: 11242: 11240: 11238: 11232: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11190: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11133:Jefferson Lab 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11035: 11033: 11031: 11025: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11003: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10994: 10988: 10987:Ward republic 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10953: 10952:Betty Hemings 10950: 10948: 10945: 10944: 10943: 10942:Sally Hemings 10940: 10938: 10937: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10879: 10876: 10875: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10855: 10853: 10849: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10832: 10831: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10819: 10816: 10813: 10810: 10807: 10806: 10802: 10800: 10799: 10795: 10794: 10792: 10788: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10756: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10749:Poplar Forest 10747: 10743: 10740: 10739: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10727:Barboursville 10725: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10714: 10708: 10707: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10685: 10684: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10671: 10668: 10667: 10666: 10665:Residence Act 10663: 10660: 10659: 10655: 10651: 10650:republicanism 10648: 10646: 10643: 10642: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10619: 10616: 10615: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10592: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10560: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10548: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10514: 10510: 10509: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10467: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10447: 10445: 10443: 10439: 10432: 10428: 10427: 10425: 10423: 10419: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10395: 10392: 10391: 10390: 10387: 10382: 10378: 10375: 10371: 10368: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10340: 10337: 10334: 10331: 10328: 10327: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10312: 10304: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10281: 10277: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10257: 10253: 10250: 10246: 10242: 10239: 10235: 10231: 10228: 10224: 10223: 10220: 10216: 10209: 10204: 10202: 10197: 10195: 10190: 10189: 10186: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10160: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10139: 10136: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10105:White Patriot 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9970:Patriot Party 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9825:Black Panther 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9805:American Nazi 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9787: 9785: 9783:Third parties 9781: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9743:Major parties 9741: 9738: 9734: 9724: 9723:Workers World 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9713:Working Class 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9703:Transhumanist 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9593:Forward Party 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9578:Freedom Party 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9529: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9502:Third parties 9499: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9475:Major parties 9472: 9468: 9463: 9459: 9451: 9446: 9444: 9439: 9437: 9432: 9431: 9428: 9411: 9408: 9405: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9393: 9392:William Jones 9390: 9387: 9386:Paul Hamilton 9384: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9369: 9362: 9359: 9356: 9353: 9350: 9347: 9344: 9341: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9330: 9326: 9319: 9316: 9313: 9312:George Graham 9310: 9307: 9304: 9301: 9298: 9295: 9292: 9289: 9286: 9283: 9280: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9265: 9258: 9255: 9252: 9251:William Jones 9249: 9246: 9243: 9240: 9237: 9234: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9226: 9222: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9200: 9197: 9194: 9191: 9190:James Madison 9188: 9185: 9182: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9158: 9151: 9148: 9145: 9142: 9139: 9136: 9133: 9130: 9127: 9124: 9121: 9118: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9106: 9103: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9089: 9083: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8987: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8949: 8943: 8937: 8936:Tertium quids 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8893: 8890: 8886: 8879: 8874: 8872: 8867: 8865: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8841: 8831: 8827: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8813: 8812:0-86597-150-1 8809: 8805: 8801: 8798: 8794: 8791: 8787: 8784: 8783:0-8369-5021-6 8780: 8776: 8775: 8770: 8769: 8760: 8756: 8753: 8749: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8737: 8733: 8732:0-8139-2177-5 8729: 8725: 8721: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8691: 8687: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8667: 8663: 8660: 8656: 8653: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8625: 8622: 8621:0-19-503509-7 8618: 8614: 8610: 8607: 8603: 8602: 8599:State studies 8593: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8580: 8577: 8574: 8570: 8567: 8563: 8560: 8556: 8553: 8549: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8537: 8533: 8529: 8526: 8525:0-345-35380-3 8522: 8518: 8514: 8510: 8508:9780070015821 8504: 8499: 8498: 8491: 8490: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8457: 8456:Wilentz, Sean 8453: 8450: 8446: 8443: 8442:1-4181-2924-0 8439: 8435: 8434: 8429: 8426: 8422: 8419: 8415: 8411: 8405: 8401: 8400: 8394: 8391: 8387: 8384: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8370: 8369:0-8139-1462-0 8366: 8362: 8358: 8353: 8352: 8346: 8342: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8329:9780195078947 8325: 8320: 8319: 8312: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8291: 8287: 8286: 8281: 8280:Ferling, John 8277: 8274: 8273:0-19-516771-6 8270: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8239: 8235: 8232: 8228: 8225: 8224:0-8078-2503-4 8221: 8217: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8185: 8173: 8167: 8163: 8162: 8156: 8152: 8147: 8143: 8141:0-393-05820-4 8137: 8133: 8128: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8107:Wilentz, Sean 8104: 8100: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8074: 8070: 8064: 8060: 8055: 8051: 8049:0-7425-0888-9 8045: 8041: 8036: 8032: 8026: 8021: 8020: 8013: 8009: 8003: 7998: 7997: 7990: 7986: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7967: 7963: 7957: 7952: 7951: 7944: 7940: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7913: 7909: 7905: 7901: 7895: 7891: 7890: 7885: 7881: 7876: 7874:0-375-50741-8 7870: 7866: 7861: 7857: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7841: 7840:Ferling, John 7837: 7833: 7831:0-19-515924-1 7827: 7823: 7822: 7817: 7816:Ferling, John 7813: 7809: 7804: 7800: 7794: 7790: 7789: 7783: 7779: 7777:0-7006-0728-5 7773: 7769: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7749: 7748: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7732:0-7006-0134-1 7728: 7723: 7722: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7680: 7675: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7659: 7653: 7649: 7648: 7642: 7638: 7632: 7628: 7627: 7621: 7620: 7607: 7603: 7597: 7589: 7585: 7579: 7573:, p. 82. 7572: 7567: 7551: 7547: 7541: 7533: 7531:9780824791421 7527: 7523: 7522: 7514: 7506: 7504:9780230614703 7500: 7496: 7495: 7487: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7467: 7460: 7455: 7446: 7430: 7428: 7420: 7413: 7408: 7401: 7396: 7387: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7352: 7346:Tinkcom, 271. 7343: 7336: 7331: 7324: 7318: 7311: 7306: 7299: 7294: 7287: 7282: 7275: 7270: 7263: 7258: 7251: 7246: 7240:, p. 54. 7239: 7234: 7227: 7222: 7213: 7206: 7201: 7194: 7189: 7182: 7177: 7170: 7165: 7158: 7153: 7151: 7143: 7138: 7122: 7116: 7109: 7104: 7097: 7092: 7085: 7080: 7073: 7068: 7061: 7056: 7049: 7044: 7038:, p. 57. 7037: 7032: 7025: 7020: 7013: 7007: 7001:, p. 52. 7000: 6995: 6989:, p. 19. 6988: 6983: 6976: 6970: 6962: 6960:9781623764463 6956: 6952: 6951: 6941: 6933: 6931:9781305537439 6927: 6923: 6919: 6918: 6910: 6903: 6898: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6887:Webster, Noah 6882: 6866: 6862: 6856: 6848: 6841: 6835:, p. 17. 6834: 6829: 6820: 6813: 6801: 6787: 6772: 6758: 6743: 6737: 6730: 6717: 6710: 6703: 6699: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6677: 6672: 6670: 6662: 6657: 6650: 6645: 6638: 6633: 6626: 6621: 6615:, p. 251 6614: 6609: 6602: 6597: 6590: 6585: 6578: 6577:Kaplan (2014) 6573: 6566: 6561: 6554: 6549: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6527: 6526:Kaplan (2014) 6522: 6520: 6512: 6511:Kaplan (2014) 6507: 6505: 6497: 6492: 6485: 6480: 6473: 6468: 6461: 6456: 6449: 6444: 6437: 6432: 6425: 6420: 6413: 6408: 6401: 6396: 6389: 6384: 6377: 6372: 6356: 6350: 6343: 6338: 6331: 6326: 6319: 6314: 6307: 6302: 6295: 6290: 6283: 6278: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6254: 6247: 6242: 6235: 6230: 6223: 6218: 6211: 6206: 6199: 6194: 6187: 6182: 6175: 6170: 6163: 6158: 6151: 6145: 6138: 6133: 6126: 6121: 6114: 6109: 6102: 6097: 6090: 6085: 6079:, p. 13. 6078: 6073: 6067:, p. 12. 6066: 6061: 6054: 6049: 6042: 6037: 6030: 6025: 6018: 6013: 6006: 6001: 5999: 5991: 5990:Nugent (2008) 5986: 5979: 5974: 5967: 5962: 5953: 5944: 5937: 5936:Meacham, 2012 5932: 5925: 5920: 5913: 5908: 5901: 5900:Chernow, 2004 5896: 5889: 5884: 5877: 5872: 5865: 5860: 5853: 5848: 5841: 5836: 5830:, pp. 198–200 5829: 5824: 5818:, pp. 165–166 5817: 5812: 5805: 5800: 5793: 5788: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5749: 5741: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5722: 5707: 5705:9781909556621 5701: 5694: 5693: 5685: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5646: 5639: 5634: 5627: 5622: 5615: 5610: 5603: 5598: 5591: 5586: 5575: 5574: 5566: 5550: 5543: 5537:, pp. 178–181 5536: 5531: 5529: 5521: 5516: 5510:, pp. 397–400 5509: 5504: 5497: 5492: 5485: 5479: 5472: 5467: 5460: 5455: 5453: 5446:, pp. 161–162 5445: 5440: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5372:The Spectator 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5333: 5325: 5320: 5314:, pp. 150–151 5313: 5308: 5301: 5296: 5289: 5284: 5278:, pp. 244–252 5277: 5272: 5266:, pp. 293–298 5265: 5260: 5254:, pp. 292–293 5253: 5248: 5242:, pp. 282–284 5241: 5236: 5229: 5224: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5190: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5145: 5138: 5131: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5106: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5088:0-7006-0256-9 5084: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5046: 5044:9780719060205 5040: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4981: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4956: 4949: 4944: 4942:9780743293174 4938: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4922: 4913: 4907: 4900: 4899: 4891: 4889: 4884: 4868: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4849: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4829: 4824: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4770: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4714: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4310:James Madison 4305: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4037: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4014: 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3414: 3410: 3400: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3370: 3369:James Madison 3364: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3267:Running mate 3266: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3254:Popular vote 3253: 3246: 3242: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3104:Thomas Cooper 3101: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3070: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3050:William Duane 3047: 3046:John Randolph 3043: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3014: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2992: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2914: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2867: 2865: 2854: 2852: 2847: 2841: 2839: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2811: 2809: 2808:1828 election 2805: 2800: 2795: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2777:north of the 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2731:Panic of 1819 2728: 2727:William Jones 2724: 2723:National Road 2714: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2665:John Randolph 2662: 2658: 2657:14th Congress 2652: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2562: 2556: 2548: 2542: 2532: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2418: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2382:John Marshall 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2360:William Duane 2357: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2235:Great Britain 2232: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2215:1792 election 2212: 2211: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2186: 2185:James Madison 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2157:United States 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2127: 2126:James Madison 2121: 2112: 2106: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2054:national bank 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1897:republicanism 1894: 1890: 1889:James Madison 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1858: 1853: 1851: 1846: 1844: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1829: 1818: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1796: 1795:American Left 1793: 1791: 1788: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1745: 1744:ThinkProgress 1741: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1717: 1716:Rolling Stone 1713: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1666: 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B. Jackson 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1094:Kennedy (Ted) 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 959:Cuomo (Mario) 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 871: 865: 864: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 603: 600:Intellectuals 597: 596: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 548:Great Society 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 525: 519: 518: 511: 510:Welfare state 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 470:Republicanism 468: 466: 465:Mixed economy 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 450:Individualism 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 382: 376: 375: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 347: 346:Laissez-faire 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 327: 321: 320: 316: 312: 311: 308: 301: 300: 296: 292: 291: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 267: 264: 260: 254: 248: 241: 237: 232: 231:Republicanism 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 203: 202: 199: 197: 193: 189: 186: 182: 179: 176: 172: 166: 163: 161: 158: 157: 155: 151: 148: 145: 141: 127: 123: 107: 103: 97: 96:James Madison 94: 92: 89: 88: 86: 82: 75: 72: 69: 68: 66: 62: 58: 53: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 12407: 12400: 12393: 12326: 12296: 12289: 12261: 12244: 12237: 12229: 12220: 12214: 12206: 12198: 12091:Bibliography 11947: 11724: 11715: 11561: 11555:Aaron Burr → 11551:← John Adams 11542: 11537:← John Adams 11535: 11342: 11331:2015 musical 11325: 11317: 11309: 11301: 11293: 11285: 11277: 11266:1969 musical 11260: 11257:(1953 short) 11252: 11246:The Patriots 11244: 11038:Bibliography 10964: 10934: 10828: 10803: 10796: 10719:architecture 10717:Jeffersonian 10704: 10700:Swivel chair 10681: 10656: 10634: 10545: 10516: 10512: 10324: 10316:documents of 10090:Union (1936) 10085:Union (1861) 10080:Union (1850) 9945:New Alliance 9905:Labor (1996) 9900:Labor (1919) 9860:Farmer–Labor 9800:Anti-Masonic 9749: 9573:Constitution 9489: 9482: 9380:Robert Smith 9361:William Wirt 9294:James Monroe 9202:James Monroe 9196:Robert Smith 9161:U.S. Cabinet 8946:Presidential 8884: 8829: 8818: 8803: 8796: 8789: 8773: 8751: 8741: 8723: 8713: 8703: 8696: 8689: 8679: 8665: 8658: 8651: 8642: 8634: 8627: 8612: 8605: 8591: 8582: 8572: 8565: 8558: 8551: 8541: 8531: 8516: 8496: 8479: 8463: 8459: 8448: 8432: 8424: 8417: 8402:. ABC-CLIO. 8398: 8389: 8382: 8375: 8360: 8350: 8337: 8317: 8303: 8284: 8264: 8257: 8244: 8237: 8230: 8215: 8205: 8198: 8188: 8160: 8150: 8131: 8114: 8110: 8098: 8081: 8077: 8058: 8039: 8018: 7995: 7972: 7949: 7928: 7916: 7888: 7864: 7844: 7820: 7807: 7787: 7767: 7746: 7741:Chernow, Ron 7720: 7704:(1): 17–30. 7701: 7697: 7678: 7666: 7646: 7625: 7605: 7596: 7587: 7578: 7566: 7556:November 17, 7554:. Retrieved 7550:the original 7540: 7520: 7513: 7493: 7486: 7476: 7466: 7454: 7445: 7433:. Retrieved 7426: 7419: 7407: 7400:Brown (1999) 7395: 7386: 7364:(1): 40–52. 7361: 7357: 7351: 7342: 7330: 7322: 7317: 7305: 7293: 7281: 7269: 7257: 7245: 7233: 7221: 7212: 7200: 7188: 7176: 7164: 7137: 7127:February 25, 7125:. Retrieved 7115: 7103: 7091: 7084:Brown (1999) 7079: 7067: 7055: 7043: 7031: 7019: 7011: 7010:Susan Dunn, 7006: 6994: 6987:Brown (1999) 6982: 6974: 6969: 6949: 6940: 6916: 6909: 6900: 6891: 6881: 6869:. Retrieved 6864: 6855: 6840: 6833:Brown (1999) 6828: 6819: 6803:. Retrieved 6789:. 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Retrieved 5542: 5515: 5503: 5491: 5483: 5478: 5466: 5439: 5391: 5387: 5384:City Gazette 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5319: 5307: 5295: 5283: 5271: 5259: 5247: 5235: 5223: 5211:. Retrieved 5196: 5187: 5180:. Retrieved 5174: 5164: 5155: 5148:. Retrieved 5137: 5128: 5121:. Retrieved 5114: 5105: 5078: 5072: 5063: 5057: 5048: 5029: 5022: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4978: 4971:. Retrieved 4965: 4955: 4946: 4931: 4921: 4897: 4867: 4835: 4747: 4730: 4701: 4681: 4653:Pro-Jackson 4638:Pro-Jackson 4613: 4596: 4569: 4552: 4525: 4508: 4491:James Monroe 4476: 4459: 4432: 4415: 4388: 4371: 4344: 4327: 4295: 4278: 4251: 4234: 4207: 4190: 4163: 4146: 4114: 4097: 4073: 4056: 4024: 4007: 3972: 3958: 3930:Federalists 3927:Republicans 3879: 3865: 3838: 3821: 3789: 3772: 3681: 3636: 3626: 3617: 3604: 3527: 3505: 3453: 3448:James Monroe 3446: 3394: 3367: 3340: 3293: 3286: 3224: 3216: 3162:. After the 3157: 3113: 3096: 3076: 3063: 3054:Michael Leib 3038:Sean Wilentz 3035: 3011:Mid-Atlantic 3002:Philadelphia 2998: 2995:Federalists. 2964: 2952: 2915: 2911: 2891: 2868: 2860: 2842: 2834: 2796: 2783: 2771:a compromise 2761:Congressman 2743: 2719: 2706:James Monroe 2653: 2601: 2568: 2487: 2469:James Monroe 2458: 2432: 2422: 2413: 2408:square miles 2378: 2363: 2352:United Irish 2349: 2338: 2314: 2255: 2227: 2208: 2189: 2134: 2050: 2003: 1960: 1917: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1866: 1779: 1749: 1742: 1735: 1728: 1721: 1714: 1707: 1700: 1693: 1686: 1676:Mother Jones 1674: 1667: 1657:The Atlantic 1655: 1648: 1471: 1429: 385:Civil rights 344: 335:Conservative 174:Headquarters 40: 12232:(1989 film) 12225:(1946 film) 11907:Other noted 11816:War of 1812 11655:(1781–1783) 11647:(1789–1797) 11639:(1801–1809) 11628:(1809–1817) 11522:Henry Soane 11498:Dabney Carr 11492:Samuel Carr 11322:(2015 play) 11290:(1997 film) 11282:(1995 film) 11249:(1946 play) 10972:Tufton Farm 10759:The Rotunda 10594:Other noted 10429:Co-author, 10297:(1775–1776) 10285:(1779–1781) 10274:(1783–1784) 10262:(1785–1789) 10254:(1790–1793) 10243:(1797–1801) 10232:(1801–1809) 10120:Young Lords 9940:Natural Law 9643:Prohibition 9522:Libertarian 9412:(1823–1825) 9406:(1819–1823) 9400:(1815–1818) 9394:(1813–1814) 9388:(1809–1813) 9382:(1801–1809) 9363:(1817–1825) 9357:(1811–1814) 9351:(1807–1811) 9345:(1805–1806) 9339:(1801–1805) 9320:(1817–1825) 9314:(1816–1817) 9308:(1815–1816) 9296:(1814–1815) 9290:(1813–1814) 9284:(1809–1813) 9278:(1801–1809) 9259:(1816–1825) 9247:(1814–1816) 9235:(1801–1814) 9216:(1817–1825) 9208:John Graham 9204:(1811–1817) 9198:(1809–1811) 9192:(1801–1809) 9180:(1790–1794) 9152:(1823–1825) 9146:(1821–1823) 9140:(1820–1821) 9134:(1815–1820) 9128:(1814–1815) 9122:(1811–1814) 9116:(1807–1811) 9110:(1801–1807) 9104:(1793–1795) 8487:Biographies 7616:Works cited 7459:Howe (2007) 7435:January 17, 7412:Howe (2007) 7226:Wood (2009) 7205:Wood (2009) 7108:Wood (2009) 6805:October 27, 6791:October 27, 6776:October 27, 6762:October 27, 6747:October 14, 6661:Howe (2007) 6637:Howe (2007) 6625:Howe (2007) 6613:Howe (2007) 6412:Howe (2007) 6294:Howe (2007) 6041:Wood (2009) 5966:Wood (2009) 5924:Wood (2009) 5876:Wood (2009) 5711:January 16, 5444:Wood (2009) 5312:Wood (2009) 5182:January 27, 5050:liberalism. 3925:Democratic- 3912:Federalists 3907:Republicans 3905:Democratic- 3270:Percentage 3116:Connecticut 3084:Fisher Ames 3006:Scots-Irish 2903:agrarianism 2775:territories 2735:paper money 2604:War of 1812 2515:New England 2483:Fisher Ames 2276:Francophile 2231:Federalists 2204:Anglophilia 2161:Federalists 2070:New England 2006:War of 1812 1915:collapsed. 1901:agrarianism 1883:founded by 1527:Think tanks 1483:Half-Breeds 1224:Rockefeller 1114:La Follette 868:Politicians 766:Schlesinger 475:Rule of law 440:Free market 390:Due process 357:Progressive 206:Agrarianism 190:(1791–1793) 12476:Categories 12262:Washington 12082:Legacy and 12032:Montpelier 11786:Presidency 11486:Peter Carr 11440:(grandson) 11434:(grandson) 11416:(grandson) 11410:(grandson) 11392:(daughter) 11386:(daughter) 11380:(daughter) 11344:Washington 11311:John Adams 11254:Ben and Me 11237:depictions 11027:Legacy and 10737:Monticello 10732:Farmington 10513:Chesapeake 10450:Transition 10442:Presidency 10095:U.S. Labor 10030:Red Guards 10025:Readjuster 10020:Raza Unida 9965:Opposition 9830:Boston Tea 9755:Federalist 9491:Republican 9484:Democratic 9150:Henry Clay 9132:Henry Clay 9120:Henry Clay 9092:U.S. House 8673:Newspapers 7216:Klein, 44. 6871:August 12, 6812:Transcript 6721:October 4, 6693:See also " 5123:August 30, 5000:(4): 604. 4973:August 30, 4880:References 4836:Republican 4724:1827–1829 4675:1825–1827 4665:President 4662:Vacancies 4656:Pro-Adams 4647:Vacancies 4641:Pro-Adams 4590:1823–1825 4546:1821–1823 4502:1819–1821 4453:1817–1819 4409:1815–1817 4365:1813–1815 4321:1811–1813 4272:1809–1811 4228:1807–1809 4184:1805–1807 4140:1803–1805 4091:1801–1803 4047:1799–1801 4036:John Adams 3998:1797–1799 3949:1795–1797 3939:President 3936:Vacancies 3919:Vacancies 3856:1793–1795 3812:1791–1793 3763:1789–1791 3753:Vacancies 3734:Vacancies 3707:President 3676:See also: 3657:Henry Clay 3575:Henry Clay 3295:Aaron Burr 3192:Whig Party 3184:Henry Clay 3137:See also: 3080:newspapers 3036:Historian 2976:Henry Clay 2895:hoi polloi 2864:civic duty 2572:Henry Clay 2547:Henry Clay 2318:XYZ Affair 2309:John Adams 2284:monarchist 2268:Aaron Burr 2251:Jay Treaty 2223:John Adams 1987:John Adams 1983:Jay Treaty 1932:Henry Clay 1893:liberalism 1879:), was an 1730:Sojourners 1688:The Nation 1294:Yarborough 1119:La Guardia 676:Hofstadter 543:Gilded Age 379:Principles 304:Liberalism 226:Radicalism 116:1792-05-13 64:Other name 12376:(brother) 12358:(stepson) 12096:Memorials 12041:Elections 11482:(brother) 11336:2020 film 11271:1972 film 11030:memorials 10996:Elections 10833:(c. 1819) 10706:Megalonyx 9960:Nullifier 9955:New Union 9950:New Party 9875:Greenback 9865:Free Soil 9623:Marijuana 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10268:Delegate 9990:Populist 9835:Citizens 9633:People's 9563:Citizens 9543:Alliance 9225:Treasury 9094:speakers 9069:Crawford 9042:Tompkins 9029:Tompkins 8726:(2003) ( 8615:(1984) ( 8587:" (2009) 8436:(1867) ( 8363:(1993) ( 8347:(1965). 8282:(2009). 8267:(2004) ( 8218:(1999) ( 8208:(1963). 8191:(1915). 8090:27547562 7927:(1974). 7886:(2007). 7842:(2009). 7818:(2003). 7743:(2004). 7710:24450533 7474:(1960). 6889:(1843). 6698:Archived 6019:, p. 97. 5779:20091178 5213:July 14, 5207:Archived 5097:10605658 4929:(2007). 4906:citation 4777:See also 3589:37 / 261 3564:41 / 261 3539:84 / 261 3517:99 / 261 3431:89 / 217 3325:73 / 138 3305:68 / 138 3276:Ranking 3212:Gallatin 3204:Crawford 3017:Factions 3013:states. 2970:and the 2956:outlawed 2923:Napoleon 2878:Ideology 2767:Illinois 2064:and the 2058:Napoleon 1963:Congress 1764:See also 1669:HuffPost 1508:Mugwumps 1377:Marshall 1352:Ginsburg 1317:Brandeis 1312:Blackmun 1254:Sharpton 1209:Randolph 1154:McGovern 1149:McCarthy 1109:King Jr. 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