283:
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474:, and pushes for the rights of French-speakers in Flemish municipalities to use French instead of Dutch in dealing with Dutch-speaking officials. Both stances are opposed by Flemish parties, who say that French-speaking residents of the Flemish Region should learn Dutch and argue that the
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381:. Its number of seats increased further in the subsequent parliamentary elections. The party also dominated Brussels' municipal politics until 1982.
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318:
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1681:
The
Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis
2430:
2363:
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Regional and
National Elections in Western Europe: Territoriality of the Vote in Thirteen Countries
475:
432:
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1998:
409:
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547:
258:
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373:. The party had instant success in Brussels: it first contested parliamentary elections
1441:
1011:
470:), where a majority of the population is French-speaking, but the official language is
459:
163:
102:
1973:
1902:
1875:
1848:
1821:
1743:
1685:
1655:
303:
95:
533:
1797:"" Kazakhgate " : " Si la Belgique a été utilisée, c'est un scandale d'Etat ""
1247:
1038:
942:
768:
539:
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504:
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124:
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377:, where it won one senator and 3 seats in the Chamber of Representatives for the
350:
298:
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1713:
2014:
1922:
1616:
1399:
471:
467:
428:
388:. From 1977 until 1980, the FDF participated in the federal governments led by
396:. From 1992, the FDF regularly competed in electoral alliance with the larger
2501:
2203:
2074:
1677:
1571:
1149:
389:
385:
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527:, Minister in the Vervoort II Brussels Government (2014–2019) and mayor of
349:(literally, "Democratic, Federalist, Independent") meaning "challenge" in
2422:
2282:
1970:
Au nom de la
Wallonie et de Bruxelles français : les origines du FDF
2262:
1736:
Collectif; Petit Futé; Dominique Auzias; Jean-Paul
Labourdette (2014).
536:, Secretary of State in the Vervoort II Brussels Government (2014–2019)
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290:
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75:
1739:
Belgique 2014 Petit Futé (avec cartes, photos + avis des lecteurs)
314:
2287:
1993:
2332:
2154:
450:
The party advocates the extension of the bilingual status of
442:
The party adopted its current name, DéFI, in
November 2015.
1678:
Peter Starke; Alexandra Kaasch; Franca Van Hooren (2013).
1923:"FDF almost unanimously votes in favour of split with MR"
1840:
1647:
1894:
2007:
233:
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431:on the agreement concerning the splitting of the
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1232:
1871:Political History of Belgium: From 1830 Onwards
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2087:Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Open Vld)
1888:
1834:
419:In January 2010 the party name was amended to
2030:
1813:
1756:
559:
325:region. Founded in 1964, the party is led by
1946:. La Libre Belgique. Belga. 13 November 2015
1925:(in Dutch). deredactie.be. 25 September 2011
2081:Christian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V)
1898:Quand les singes se prennent pour des dieux
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
478:should not further itself into the Region.
369:, FDF) on 11 May 1964 as a response to the
2037:
2023:
42:
1967:
1867:
1861:
1711:
2513:Francophone political parties in Belgium
2396:Party for Freedom and Progress (PVV/PLP)
1807:
1698:
1595:
1593:
384:Initially the party cooperated with the
1129:
412:(MR), a closer alliance of Francophone
14:
2500:
1201:
1186:
1184:
437:2010–2011 Belgian government formation
299:[demɔkʁatfedeʁalistɛ̃depɑ̃dɑ̃]
2523:Political parties established in 1964
2116:Libertarian, Direct, Democratic (LDD)
2018:
1874:. Asp / Vubpress / Upa. p. 372.
1769:"Les couleurs politiques en Belgique"
1590:
1438:
1144:
1142:
1008:
546:for Brussels since 1991 and mayor of
542:, former party leader, member of the
400:(PRL). In 2002 the PRL, the FDF, the
297:
276:
2328:Party for Freedom and Progress (PFF)
1841:Martin Buxant; Steven Samyn (2011).
1648:Régis Dandoy; Arjan Schakel (2013).
425:Fédéralistes Démocrates Francophones
1901:. Editions Publibook. p. 212.
1684:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 192.
1181:
554:
367:Front Démocratique des Francophones
347:Démocrate, Fédéraliste, Indépendant
24:
1654:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 54.
1139:
421:Francophone Democratic Federalists
178:Parliament of the French Community
25:
2544:
2455:Social Liberal Party (SLP/Spirit)
1987:
1817:Historical Dictionary of Brussels
497:for Brussels and former mayor of
486:Notable elected members include:
481:
295:Démocrate fédéraliste indépendant
2368:Christian Social Party (CVP/PSC)
1992:
1820:. Scarecrow Press. p. 120.
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18:Democratic Front of Francophones
1961:
1936:
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1895:Philippe de Riemaecker (2013).
1718:Parties and Elections in Europe
1577:
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1168:
1155:
341:, was adopted in 2016 and is a
2528:1964 establishments in Belgium
2273:Left Socialist Party (LSP/PSL)
2161:Les Engagés (The Engaged Ones)
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361:The party was founded as the
27:Political party in Belgium
13:
1:
2468:The numbers are seats in the
1632:
511:since 2000 and member of the
2415:Flemish National Union (VNV)
2323:Christian Social Party (CSP)
2046:Political parties in Belgium
1324:François Roelants du Vivier
333:. The party's current name,
7:
2508:Centrist parties in Belgium
2184:Liberal Democrats (Belgium)
2069:New Flemish Alliance (N-VA)
1968:Kesteloot, Chantal (2004).
1944:"Le FDF est rebaptisé Défi"
1847:. EDI8 - PLON. p. 93.
1712:Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019).
1622:French Community of Belgium
1610:
445:
317:mainly known for defending
10:
2549:
2518:Liberal parties in Belgium
2470:Chamber of Representatives
1844:Belgique, un roi sans pays
1742:. Petit Futé. p. 42.
560:Chamber of Representatives
544:Chamber of Representatives
495:Chamber of Representatives
356:
331:Chamber of Representatives
321:interests in and near the
132:Chamber of Representatives
64:11 May 1964 (60 years ago)
2482:List of political parties
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2236:Workers' Party (PVDA/PTB)
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2052:
1599:Run in a joint list with
1583:Run in a joint list with
1570:Run in a joint list with
1487:
1386:
1313:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
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1208:
1190:Run in a joint list with
1174:Run in a joint list with
1161:Run in a joint list with
1148:Run in a joint list with
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72:Chaussée de Charleroi 127
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476:Francization of Brussels
433:Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde
379:constituency of Brussels
2382:Socialist Party (SP/PS)
2149:Reformist Movement (MR)
398:Liberal Reformist Party
195:(French-speaking seats)
151:(French-speaking seats)
135:(French-speaking seats)
103:Political position
2378:Labour Party (BWP/POB)
1972:. Brussels: Complexe.
1814:Paul F. State (2004).
2199:Rally Wallonia France
2075:Flemish Interest (VB)
2001:at Wikimedia Commons
1771:. Cultures&Santé.
371:language laws of 1962
274:French pronunciation:
213:French-speaking seats
2348:Socialist Party (SP)
2143:Socialist Party (PS)
1627:Languages of Belgium
548:Woluwe-Saint-Lambert
435:district during the
2533:Regionalist parties
2487:Politics of Belgium
2258:Belgian Union (BUB)
2129:Francophone parties
1202:European Parliament
513:Brussels Parliament
249:Politics of Belgium
208:European Parliament
192:Brussels Parliament
2204:Walloon Rally (RW)
1868:Els Witte (2009).
1714:"Brussels/Belgium"
1532:Fabrice Van Dorpe
1442:Reformist Movement
1012:Reformist Movement
491:Véronique Caprasse
460:Brussels Periphery
410:Reformist Movement
329:, a member of the
164:Walloon Parliament
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2494:
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2338:Libertarian Party
2311:
2310:
2217:
2216:
2189:Libertarian Party
2124:
2123:
2093:Vooruit (Forward)
1997:Media related to
1908:978-2-7483-9789-5
1881:978-90-5487-517-8
1854:978-2-259-21505-3
1827:978-0-8108-6555-6
1803:. 7 October 2014.
1749:978-2-7469-7123-3
1691:978-1-137-31484-0
1661:978-1-137-02544-9
1560:
1559:
1461:Cristina Coteanu
1135:
1134:
1105:François De Smet
846:Georges Clerfayt
392:and subsequently
267:
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254:Political parties
96:Social liberalism
16:(Redirected from
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638:
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628:
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616:
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587:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
551:
537:
534:Cécile Jodogne
531:
515:
502:
483:
482:Representation
480:
468:Flemish Region
456:municipalities
447:
444:
429:Charles Michel
375:one year later
358:
355:
304:social-liberal
278:[defi]
265:
264:
262:
261:
256:
251:
245:
242:
241:
229:
228:
224:
223:
218:
216:
204:
203:
198:
196:
188:
187:
182:
180:
174:
173:
168:
166:
160:
159:
154:
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144:
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138:
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128:
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119:
115:
114:
105:
99:
98:
85:
79:
78:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
34:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2545:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
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2516:
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2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2392:Liberal Party
2389:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
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2256:
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2251:
2250:
2248:
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2227:
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2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
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2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2099:Green (Groen)
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1945:
1939:
1924:
1918:
1910:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1784:
1778:
1770:
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1693:
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1663:
1657:
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1644:
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1637:
1628:
1625:
1623:
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1596:
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1563:
1550:
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1526:
1525:
1516:
1509:
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1500:
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1479:
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1463:
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1398:
1396:
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1389:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1360:
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1352:
1351:
1342:
1335:
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1329:
1326:
1323:
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1305:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
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1240:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1207:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
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1079:
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1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
990:
983:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
967:
959:
952:
949:
946:
944:
939:
936:
935:
931:
923:
916:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
900:
892:
885:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
869:
861:
854:
851:
848:
843:
840:
839:
835:
827:
820:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
801:
800:
793:
770:
765:
761:
754:
753:
746:
720:
716:
712:
704:
697:
694:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
678:
670:
663:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
647:
639:
632:
629:
626:
621:
618:
617:
613:
610:
603:
600:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
565:
549:
545:
541:
538:
535:
532:
530:
524:
519:
518:Didier Gosuin
516:
514:
510:
506:
503:
500:
496:
492:
489:
488:
487:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
443:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:Leo Tindemans
387:
386:Walloon Rally
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
300:
296:
292:
285:
279:
271:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
243:
239:
230:
225:
217:
214:
209:
205:
197:
193:
189:
181:
179:
175:
167:
165:
161:
153:
149:
145:
137:
133:
129:
126:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
86:
84:
80:
77:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
40:
31:
19:
2447:Rexist Party
2293:Volt Belgium
2278:Pirate Party
2166:
1991:
1969:
1962:Bibliography
1948:. Retrieved
1938:
1927:. Retrieved
1917:
1897:
1890:
1870:
1863:
1843:
1836:
1816:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1777:
1738:
1717:
1680:
1650:
1579:
1566:
1440:Merged into
1439:
1408:
1285:
1271:
1212:List leader
1170:
1157:
1010:Merged into
1009:
485:
449:
441:
424:
420:
418:
383:
366:
362:
360:
346:
338:
334:
294:
269:
268:
112:centre-right
69:Headquarters
2457:(2001–2009)
2449:(1930–1945)
2441:(1954–2001)
2433:(1985–2012)
2425:(1919–1933)
2423:Front Party
2417:(1933–1944)
2399:(1846–1992)
2385:(1885–1978)
2371:(1869–1968)
2283:Pro Bruxsel
1950:14 November
1801:Le Monde.fr
1366:24.25 (#2)
1255:19.75 (#3)
1095:Opposition
1064:Opposition
968:Opposition
932:Opposition
901:Opposition
870:Opposition
836:Opposition
804:(1980-1981)
802:Opposition
796:(1978-1980)
749:(1977-1978)
747:Opposition
713:Opposition
679:Opposition
648:Opposition
614:Opposition
595:Paul Brien
585:Government
521: [
507:, mayor of
501:(2013–2015)
408:formed the
308:regionalist
88:Regionalism
2502:Categories
2263:DierAnimal
1979:2870279876
1929:2011-09-25
1633:References
1538:2.91 (#6)
1504:5.92 (#6)
1467:3.38 (#6)
1330:3.83 (#5)
1293:6.38 (#5)
999:Coalition
794:Coalition
755:Coalition
550:since 2006
509:Schaerbeek
92:Liberalism
2209:Chez nous
1783:"Belgium"
1227:EP Group
1209:Election
567:Election
529:Auderghem
416:parties.
343:backronym
291:backronym
259:Elections
51:President
1611:See also
1501:144,555
1407:26.99 (#
1404:624,445
1363:541,724
1359:Jean Gol
1290:142,879
1252:414,603
1237:Overall
1074:150,394
1043:121,384
978:630,219
947:623,250
815:253,720
781:11 / 212
773:259,019
734:11 / 212
726:263,104
700:12 / 212
692:301,303
658:286,639
627:154,023
499:Kraainem
454:to some
452:Brussels
446:Policies
404:and the
323:Brussels
125:Amaranth
83:Ideology
76:Brussels
2390:
2376:
2222:Unitary
1535:75,243
1464:82,540
1327:85,867
1286:Unclear
1116:1 / 150
1108:84,024
1082:2 / 150
1051:2 / 150
986:2 / 150
955:2 / 150
919:3 / 212
911:90,813
888:3 / 212
880:71,338
857:3 / 212
849:72,361
823:6 / 212
666:8 / 212
635:6 / 212
606:3 / 212
598:68,966
570:Leader
458:in the
414:liberal
357:History
315:Belgium
302:) is a
227:Website
200:10 / 72
118:Colours
61:Founded
2387:
2373:
2303:L'Unie
2288:Vivant
2194:Nation
1976:
1905:
1878:
1851:
1824:
1746:
1688:
1658:
1546:0 / 22
1512:0 / 21
1475:0 / 21
1419:1 / 25
1414:10.03
1374:1 / 25
1338:0 / 24
1301:0 / 24
1263:2 / 24
1233:F.E.C.
1221:Seats
1215:Votes
981:10.14
950:10.26
757:(1978)
579:Seats
573:Votes
351:French
184:3 / 94
170:0 / 75
156:0 / 24
148:Senate
140:1 / 61
122:
108:Centre
2472:(150)
2343:ProDG
2333:Ecolo
2268:ISLAM
2253:Agora
2246:Minor
2229:Major
2177:Minor
2155:Ecolo
2136:Major
2109:Minor
2062:Major
1541:1.05
1507:2.15
1470:1.23
1369:9.08
1333:1.46
1296:2.50
1258:7.62
1111:1.20
1077:2.22
1046:1.80
914:1.47
883:1.16
852:1.19
818:4.21
776:4.68
729:4.72
695:5.73
661:5.43
630:2.97
601:1.33
525:]
472:Dutch
236:.defi
220:0 / 8
74:1060
2238:(12)
2167:DéFI
2157:(13)
2151:(14)
2145:(20)
2089:(12)
2083:(12)
2077:(18)
2071:(25)
1999:DéFI
1974:ISBN
1952:2015
1903:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1849:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1744:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1585:FNFP
1528:2024
1494:2019
1457:2014
1450:2009
1435:2004
1395:1999
1388:ELDR
1354:1994
1320:1989
1281:1984
1268:New
1243:1979
1224:+/−
1163:PDLP
1101:2024
1070:2019
1034:2014
1027:2010
1020:2007
1005:2003
974:1999
938:1995
907:1991
876:1987
842:1985
811:1981
764:1978
719:1977
685:1974
654:1971
620:1968
611:New
591:1965
582:+/−
462:(in
339:Défi
335:DéFI
306:and
289:; a
270:DéFI
35:DéFI
2169:(2)
2163:(5)
2101:(8)
2095:(9)
1601:PRL
1192:PRL
1176:PPW
1130:TBA
406:PFF
402:MCC
345:of
337:or
313:in
293:of
238:.eu
234:www
110:to
2504::
2394:→
2380:→
2366:→
1799:.
1758:^
1726:^
1716:.
1700:^
1670:^
1640:^
1592:^
1572:RW
1556:0
1522:0
1488:−
1485:0
1429:0
1411:)
1384:1
1348:0
1314:−
1311:2
1273:NI
1218:%
1183:^
1150:RW
1141:^
1126:2
1092:0
1061:2
996:0
965:1
929:0
898:0
867:3
833:5
791:0
744:1
710:4
676:2
645:3
576:%
523:fr
466:,
439:.
353:.
2038:e
2031:t
2024:v
1982:.
1954:.
1932:.
1911:.
1884:.
1857:.
1830:.
1785:.
1752:.
1720:.
1694:.
1664:.
1603:.
1587:.
1574:.
1409:1
1194:.
1178:.
1165:.
1152:.
423:(
365:(
272:(
215:)
211:(
20:)
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