569:
44:
1269:, and the increased importance of immigration. The U.S. Census Bureau projects that in the next 100 years, the United States will face some dramatic demographic changes. The population is expected to grow more slowly and age more rapidly than ever before and the nation will become a nation of immigrants. This influx is projected to rise over the next century as new immigrants and their children will account for over half the U.S. population. These demographic shifts could ignite major adjustments in the economy, more specifically, in labor markets.
557:
3585:
3549:
585:. One of these techniques in contemporary demography is the sister method, where survey researchers ask women how many of their sisters have died or had children and at what age. With these surveys, researchers can then indirectly estimate birth or death rates for the entire population. Other indirect methods in contemporary demography include asking people about siblings, parents, and children. Other indirect methods are necessary in historical demography.
663:, begun much more recently in 2000. These have followed the lives of samples of people (typically beginning with around 17,000 in each study) for many years, and are still continuing. As the samples have been drawn in a nationally representative way, inferences can be drawn from these studies about the differences between four distinct generations of British people in terms of their health, education, attitudes, childbearing and employment patterns.
3574:
1197:, demography offers tools to approach a large range of population issues by combining a more technical quantitative approach that represents the core of the discipline with many other methods borrowed from social or other sciences. Demographic research is conducted in universities, in research institutes, as well as in statistical departments and in several international agencies. Population institutions are part of the
3561:
549:
migration (or place of birth or of previous residence), language, religion, nationality (or ethnicity or race), and citizenship. In countries in which the vital registration system may be incomplete, the censuses are also used as a direct source of information about fertility and mortality; for example, the censuses of the
1277:
People decide to exit organizations for many reasons, such as, better jobs, dissatisfaction, and concerns within the family. The causes of turnover can be split into two separate factors, one linked with the culture of the organization, and the other relating to all other factors. People who do not
1168:
Migration refers to the movement of persons from a locality of origin to a destination place across some predefined, political boundary. Migration researchers do not designate movements 'migrations' unless they are somewhat permanent. Thus, demographers do not consider tourists and travellers to be
714:
is calculated as the ratio of the number of births to women of childbearing age to the total number of women in this age range. If these adjustments were not made, we would not know if a nation with a higher rate of births or deaths has a population with more women of childbearing age or more births
2070:
de Gans, Henk and Frans van Poppel (2000) Contributions from the margins. Dutch statisticians, actuaries and medical doctors and the methods of demography in the time of
Wilhelm Lexis. Workshop on 'Lexis in Context: German and Eastern& Northern European Contributions to Demography 1860-1910' at
1124:
More generally, while the basic demographic equation holds true by definition, in practice the recording and counting of events (births, deaths, immigration, emigration) and the enumeration of the total population size are subject to error. So allowance needs to be made for error in the underlying
853:
The crude death rate as defined above and applied to a whole population can give a misleading impression. For example, the number of deaths per 1,000 people can be higher in developed nations than in less-developed countries, despite standards of health being better in developed countries. This is
540:
is the other common direct method of collecting demographic data. A census is usually conducted by a national government and attempts to enumerate every person in a country. In contrast to vital statistics data, which are typically collected continuously and summarized on an annual basis, censuses
1309:
Problems in which demographers may be called upon to assist business organizations are when determining the best prospective location in an area of a branch store or service outlet, predicting the demand for a new product, and to analyze certain dynamics of a company's workforce. Choosing a new
1296:
to their continued survival. Hospitals, like all other large and complex organizations are impacted in the environment they work. For example, a study was done on the closure of acute care hospitals in
Florida between a particular time. The study examined effect size, age, and niche density of
1116:
These basic equations can also be applied to subpopulations. For example, the population size of ethnic groups or nationalities within a given society or country is subject to the same sources of change. When dealing with ethnic groups, however, "net migration" might have to be subdivided into
182:
form the core of the data for any medical institution, such as patient and emergency contact information and patient medical record data. They allow for the identification of a patient and their categorization into categories for the purpose of statistical analysis. Patient demographics include:
548:
Censuses do more than just count people. They typically collect information about families or households in addition to individual characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, literacy/education, employment status, and occupation, and geographical location. They may also collect data on
686:. The best way of measuring population change is using the intercensal percentage change. The intercensal percentage change is the absolute change in population between the censuses divided by the population size in the earlier census. Next, multiply this a hundredfold to receive a
170:
forms. Demographic analysis is used in a wide variety of contexts. For example, it is often used in business plans, to describe the population connected to the geographic location of the business. Demographic analysis is usually abbreviated as DA. For the 2010 U.S. Census, The
524:
Direct data comes from vital statistics registries that track all births and deaths as well as certain changes in legal status such as marriage, divorce, and migration (registration of place of residence). In developed countries with good registration systems (such as the
1243:
Population composition is also a very important part of historical research. Information ranging back hundreds of years is not always worthwhile, because the numbers of people for which data are available may not provide the information that is important (such as
962:
854:
because developed countries have proportionally more older people, who are more likely to die in a given year, so that the overall mortality rate can be higher even if the mortality rate at any given age is lower. A more complete picture of mortality is given by a
1950:"Our Yesterdays: the History of the Actuarial Profession in North America, 1809-1979," by E.J. (Jack) Moorhead, FSA, (1/23/10 – 2/21/04), published by the Society of Actuaries as part of the profession's centennial celebration in 1989.
1111:
1314:
that a particular location would be a beneficial site to start a car wash, and determining what shopping area would be best to buy and be redeveloped in metropolis area are types of problems in which demographers can be called upon.
1326:
These organizations have interests about the number and characteristics of their clients so they can maximize the sale of their products, their outlook on their influence, or the ends of their power, services, and beneficial works.
436:
scholar
Achille Guillard defined demography as the natural and social history of human species or the mathematical knowledge of populations, of their general changes, and of their physical, civil, intellectual, and moral condition.
1035:
130:, though there are a number of independent demography departments. These methods have primarily been developed to study human populations, but are extended to a variety of areas where researchers want to know how populations of
541:
typically occur only every 10 years or so, and thus are not usually the best source of data on births and deaths. Analyses are conducted after a census to estimate how much over or undercounting took place. These compare the
1301:. Among several factors of the theory, there are four that apply to the hospital closure example: size, age, density of niches in which organizations operate, and density of niches in which organizations are established.
1140:
out to the year 2150 (red = high, orange = medium, green = low). The UN "medium" projection shows world population reaching an approximate equilibrium at 9 billion by 2075. Working independently, demographers at the
1172:
Demography is today widely taught in many universities across the world, attracting students with initial training in social sciences, statistics or health studies. Being at the crossroads of several disciplines such as
440:
The period 1860–1910 can be characterized as a period of transition where in demography emerged from statistics as a separate field of interest. This period included a panoply of international 'great demographers' like
1161:(a woman's childbearing potential). Mortality is the study of the causes, consequences, and measurement of processes affecting death to members of the population. Demographers most commonly study mortality using the
1926:
1121:). Individuals who change their ethnic self-labels or whose ethnic classification in government statistics changes over time may be thought of as migrating or moving from one population subcategory to another.
175:
has expanded its DA categories. Also as part of the 2010 U.S. Census, DA now also includes comparative analysis between independent housing estimates, and census address lists at different key time points.
397:
2097:
1198:
1169:
migrating. While demographers who study migration typically do so through census data on place of residence, indirect sources of data including tax forms and labour force surveys are also important.
666:
Indirect standardization is used when a population is small enough that the number of events (births, deaths, etc.) are also small. In this case, methods must be used to produce a standardized
413:, who, writing at the end of the 18th century, feared that, if unchecked, population growth would tend to outstrip growth in food production, leading to ever-increasing famine and poverty (see
887:
166:
the focus is on the birth, death, migration and immigration of individuals in a population of living organisms, alternatively, in social human sciences could involve movement of firms and
1292:
A basic definition of population ecology is a study of the distribution and abundance of organisms. As it relates to organizations and demography, organizations go through various
1318:
Standardization is a useful demographic technique used in the analysis of a business. It can be used as an interpretive and analytic tool for the comparison of different markets.
682:
continues to rise, which makes population change an essential component to demographics. This is calculated by taking one population size minus the population size in an earlier
828:, one that has had constant crude birth and death rates for such a long period of time that the percentage of people in every age class remains constant, or equivalently, the
2703:
581:
Indirect methods of collecting data are required in countries and periods where full data are not available, such as is the case in much of the developing world, and most of
1157:
Populations can change through three processes: fertility, mortality, and migration. Fertility involves the number of children that women have and is to be contrasted with
1921:
803:, the average number of children women must have in order to replace the population for the next generation. For example, the replacement level fertility in the US is 2.11.
2761:
1559:
1202:
4028:
1278:
fully accept a culture might leave voluntarily. Or, some individuals might leave because they fail to fit in and fail to change within a particular organization.
1547:
1057:
2628:
1652:
1201:(International Committee for Coordination of Demographic Research) network while most individual scientists engaged in demographic research are members of the
2089:
485:
of human populations and how these features change over time. Data are obtained from a census of the population and from registries: records of events like
2253:
213:
or population studies also analyses the relationships between economic, social, institutional, cultural, and biological processes influencing a population.
2487:. The Fertility-Inhibiting Effects of the Intermediate Fertility Variables. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 13, No. 6/7. (Jun. - Jul., 1982), pp. 179-189.
1142:
981:
1970:
1149:
expect world population to peak at 9 billion by 2070. Throughout the 21st century, the average age of the population is likely to continue to rise.
100:: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the interplay of fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration.
794:, the number of live births per woman completing her reproductive life, if her childbearing at each age reflected current age-specific fertility rates.
2656:
Gavrilova N.S., Gavrilov L.A. 2011. Ageing and
Longevity: Mortality Laws and Mortality Forecasts for Ageing Populations . Demografie, 53(2): 109–128.
501:. To do this, there needs to be an understanding of how they are calculated and the questions they answer which are included in these four concepts:
4188:
2804:
2017:
1978:
1523:
4089:
4048:
1959:
The
History of Insurance, Vol 3, Edited by David Jenkins and Takau Yoneyama (1 85196 527 0): 8 Volume Set: (2000) Availability: Japan: Kinokuniya).
1799:
2414:
748:, the annual number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age (often taken to be from 15 to 49 years old, but sometimes from 15 to 44).
4043:
3816:
1777:
4109:
2749:
1529:
4058:
2501:
2870:
2399:
See, for example, Barbara A. Anderson and Brian D. Silver, "Estimating
Russification of Ethnic Identity Among Non-Russians in the USSR,"
2381:
1737:
821:
is the expected number of daughters, per newborn prospective mother, who may or may not survive to and through the ages of childbearing.
648:
1165:, a statistical device that provides information about the mortality conditions (most notably the life expectancy) in the population.
2928:
1817:
3623:
2716:
2220:
1905:
1580:
4068:
1573:
2879:, Probabilistic Population Projections, based on the 2010 Revision of the World Population Prospects (archived 13 December 2012)
812:, the number of daughters who would be born to a woman completing her reproductive life at current age-specific fertility rates.
4053:
4000:
2723:
Paul Demeny and
Geoffrey McNicoll (Eds.). 2003. The Encyclopedia of Population. New York, Macmillan Reference USA, vol.1, 32-37
1377:
588:
There are a variety of demographic methods for modelling population processes. They include models of mortality (including the
469:(1840–1920) contributed to the development of demography and to the toolkit of methods and techniques of demographic analysis.
2720:
Uhlenberg P. (Editor), (2009) International
Handbook of the Demography of Aging, New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 113–131.
4183:
4033:
2744:
2285:
1517:
1357:
2310:
2666:
Gavrilov L.A., Gavrilova N.S. 2010. Demographic
Consequences of Defeating Aging. Rejuvenation Research, 13(2-3): 329–334.
858:, which summarizes mortality separately at each age. A life table is necessary to give a good estimate of life expectancy.
338:
2759:
2642:
957:{\displaystyle {\text{Population}}_{t+1}={\text{Population}}_{t}+{\text{Natural Increase}}_{t}+{\text{Net Migration}}_{t}}
4099:
1865:
839:, one that is both stable and unchanging in size (the difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate is zero).
3990:
3980:
1474:
47:
The
Demography of the World Population from 1950 to 2100. Data source: United Nations — World Population Prospects 2017
79:
2826:
2782:
2713:
2690:
2651:
2531:
1938:
1879:
1847:
1771:
1594:
1206:
647:
The United Kingdom has a series of four national birth cohort studies, the first three spaced apart by 12 years: the
1660:
1248:). Lack of information on the original data-collection procedures may prevent accurate evaluation of data quality.
568:
329:
thinkers devoted much time in refuting the Classical ideas on demography. Important contributors to the field were
4150:
4140:
3565:
2801:
Schutt, Russell K. 2006. "Investigating the Social World: The Process and Practice of Research". SAGE Publications.
2573:
1342:
652:
2876:
2864:
1987:
1971:""An Extravagant Assumption": The Demographic Numbers behind Benjamin Franklin's Twenty-Five-Year Doubling Period"
4145:
3501:
2246:
1225:
3589:
2844:
755:
rates, the annual number of live births per 1,000 women in particular age groups (usually age 15–19, 20–24 etc.)
62:
4135:
4130:
3458:
3112:
2953:
2026:
1553:
1486:
1446:
35:
842:
Measures of centralisation are concerned with the extent to which an area's population is concentrated in its
3065:
2921:
2368:
1535:
1367:
550:
2354:
Introduction to environmental engineering and science by Masters and Ela, 2008, Pearson Education, chapter 3
1686:
4198:
3926:
3616:
3406:
3316:
2599:
1480:
1464:
1297:
these particular hospitals. A population theory says that organizational outcomes are mostly determined by
1310:
location for a branch of a bank, choosing the area in which to start a new supermarket, consulting a bank
785:), the number of years that an individual at a given age could expect to live at present mortality levels.
2958:
2838:
2756:
799:
710:
comparison, numbers must be altered for the size of the population that is under study. For example, the
601:
597:
553:
gather information on births and deaths that occurred in the 18 months immediately preceding the census.
221:
Demographic thoughts traced back to antiquity, and were present in many civilisations and cultures, like
172:
17:
3821:
426:
4203:
4178:
3851:
2634:
2461:
2204:
4122:
4063:
3891:
3744:
3669:
3220:
2948:
1440:
1408:
1347:
1133:
656:
617:
457:(1851–1922), Joseph Körösi (1844–1906), Anders Nicolas Kaier (1838–1919), Richard Böckh (1824–1907),
1773:
4193:
3553:
3401:
3391:
3188:
2914:
707:
1640:
209:
limits its object of study to the measurement of population processes, while the broader field of
3896:
3739:
3633:
3609:
3584:
3363:
3251:
3146:
850:
A stable population does not necessarily remain fixed in size. It can be expanding or shrinking.
808:
660:
450:
2547:
2497:
2382:
Tasmania forecast to have 79,000 more residents by 2033, with most living outside Greater Hobart
380:
was credited with the first textbook on life contingencies published in 1771, followed later by
4013:
3995:
3886:
3771:
3674:
3649:
3473:
3193:
3021:
2900:
1452:
1287:
625:
414:
55:
2884:
678:
Population change is analyzed by measuring the change between one population size to another.
4023:
3906:
3766:
3719:
3396:
3386:
3348:
3321:
3283:
3256:
3166:
3075:
2994:
2984:
2080:
1745:
1458:
1423:
1413:
1362:
1352:
1118:
817:
770:
582:
410:
2731:
The Empty Cradle: how falling birth rates threaten global prosperity and what to do about it
1708:
154:
analysis estimates are often considered a reliable standard for judging the accuracy of the
3944:
3881:
3871:
3724:
3664:
3659:
3343:
3183:
3156:
3151:
3048:
2429:
2386:
1772:
US Census Bureau Webdesign: SSD, Laura K Yax, Content: DSSD, Phil Gbur, POP, Jason Devine.
1587:
1498:
1418:
1403:
1388:
1298:
1106:{\displaystyle {\text{Net Migration}}_{t}={\text{Immigration}}_{t}-{\text{Emigration}}_{t}}
790:
629:
621:
533:), registry statistics are the best method for estimating the number of births and deaths.
421:
and the limits to growth. Later, more sophisticated and realistic models were presented by
418:
334:
31:
8:
4173:
4104:
4073:
3826:
3734:
3709:
3523:
3517:
3443:
3358:
3303:
3178:
3043:
2989:
2674:
1813:
1504:
1428:
1398:
1372:
637:
509:
of population numbers, the demographic bookkeeping equation, and population composition.
162:, demographic analysis is used to estimate sizes and flows of populations of workers; in
107:
43:
27:
Science that deals with populations and their structures, statistically and theoretically
2867:, Population estimates and projections for 230 countries and areas (archived 6 May 2011)
2433:
2224:
1616:
442:
3921:
3836:
3811:
3783:
3756:
3691:
3468:
3033:
2453:
2038:
1541:
1393:
1237:
1040:
829:
722:, there are two major approaches: direct standardization and indirect standardization.
482:
402:
381:
330:
295:
163:
4038:
3911:
3876:
3806:
3438:
3433:
3421:
3416:
3288:
3278:
3198:
3141:
3085:
2822:
2814:
2778:
2770:
2740:
2709:
2699:
2686:
2647:
2527:
2445:
2183:
2142:
2030:
1934:
1875:
1843:
1793:
1030:{\displaystyle {\text{Natural Increase}}_{t}={\text{Births}}_{t}-{\text{Deaths}}_{t}}
774:, the annual number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per 1,000 live births.
691:
679:
502:
490:
486:
454:
422:
392:
342:
2705:
Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Compact Macromodels of the World System Growth
2630:
Fertility in the History of the 20th Century: Trends, Theories, Policies, Discourses
1923:
Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Compact Macromodels of the World System Growth
458:
4018:
3831:
3679:
3453:
3298:
3273:
3080:
3070:
3060:
2873:, Estimates and projections of urban and rural populations and urban agglomerations
2695:
2457:
2437:
2173:
2132:
2071:
the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, August 28 and 29, 2000.
1917:
1383:
1293:
1266:
1137:
406:
110:
of populations; it can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as
2278:
1209:
in the United States, or affiliates of the Federation of Canadian Demographers in
3954:
3916:
3751:
3714:
3641:
3463:
3230:
3225:
3038:
2895:
2765:
2726:
2669:
2323:
2208:
1930:
1621:
1245:
1233:
782:
719:
613:
605:
513:
506:
365:
303:
299:
135:
2809:
Applied Demography: Applications to Business, Government, Law, and Public Policy
545:
from the census data to those estimated from natural values and mortality data.
251:
3964:
3846:
3841:
3796:
3791:
3729:
3704:
3578:
3426:
3338:
3333:
3090:
3011:
3006:
2937:
2484:
2085:
1236:
from historical and comparative research. This data is often compared using a
1229:
1129:
744:
711:
667:
641:
593:
311:
222:
143:
131:
2890:
4167:
4008:
3985:
3901:
3863:
3801:
3654:
3529:
3485:
3448:
3378:
3353:
3263:
3161:
3107:
3102:
2034:
2012:
1337:
633:
526:
462:
377:
373:
184:
147:
2596:"Fédération canadienne de démographie – Federation of Canadian Demographers"
398:
Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.
3959:
3761:
3328:
3268:
3016:
2974:
2187:
2146:
2090:"How long did it take for the world population to increase by one billion?"
1311:
1262:
1190:
1182:
446:
226:
2859:
2449:
572:
Rate of human population growth showing projections for later this century
3601:
3480:
3368:
3293:
3210:
3129:
3122:
2979:
2624:
2178:
2161:
2137:
2120:
1251:
1224:
is the description of population defined by characteristics such as age,
556:
478:
466:
361:
350:
322:
267:
199:, emergency contact information, family doctor, insurance provider data,
167:
159:
151:
115:
2569:
376:, developed the life table as the basis for life insurance mathematics.
3534:
3373:
3173:
3117:
2853:
2364:
2318:
1162:
861:
855:
843:
761:
734:
687:
589:
498:
326:
275:
263:
196:
97:
93:
2042:
239:
3308:
3205:
3134:
3028:
3001:
2412:
2081:
2015:(25 April 1941). "Natural Selection before the 'Origin of Species'".
1186:
1178:
1174:
1158:
1125:
statistics when any accounting of population size or change is made.
609:
542:
315:
307:
287:
259:
200:
127:
123:
111:
85:
68:
2413:
Lutz, Wolfgang; Sanderson, Warren; Scherbov, Sergei (19 June 1997).
368:. Among the study's findings were that one-third of the children in
358:
Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality
271:
119:
3573:
2906:
2891:
Basic Guide to the World: Population changes and trends, 1960–2003
2441:
620:), marriage (Singulate Mean at Marriage, Page model), disability (
126:. Educational institutions usually treat demography as a field of
3055:
2737:
From Grey to Silver: Managing the Demographic Change Successfully
1682:
1492:
1194:
1146:
561:
494:
433:
356:
One of the earliest demographic studies in the modern period was
346:
245:
2595:
4094:
3699:
2848:
2794:
Preston, Samuel; Heuveline, Patrick; and Guillot Michel. 2000.
2371:, Vol. 46, No. 6 (May, 1941), pp. 843-852, accessed 2 July 2023
1641:
https://www.prb.org/resources/population-a-lively-introduction/
1468:
1210:
695:
683:
537:
530:
369:
291:
188:
155:
2659:
Preston, Samuel, Patrick Heuveline, and Michel Guillot. 2000.
698:
that differ in size, can be accurately measured and examined.
372:
died before their sixteenth birthday. Mathematicians, such as
134:
can change across time through processes of birth, death, and
2735:
Sven Kunisch, Stephan A. Boehm, Michael Boppel (eds) (2011).
1806:
1232:. These descriptions can be necessary for understanding the
283:
279:
234:
230:
192:
139:
2819:
How the New Demography of Depopulation Will Shape Our Future
2775:
How the New Demography of Depopulation Will Shape Our Future
2643:
Future Human Evolution: Eugenics in the Twenty-First Century
2544:"International Union for the Scientific Study of Population"
2201:
1635:
McFalls Jr, Joseph A. "Population: A Lively Introduction."
1560:
Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital
30:
This article is about the discipline. For the journal, see
1203:
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
417:). Malthus is seen as the intellectual father of ideas of
4029:
Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey
3097:
1272:
386:
On the Application of Probabilities to Life Contingencies
2543:
2221:"Direct and Indirect Standardization of Mortality Rates"
2159:
1903:
The measure of multitude: Population in medieval thought
701:
516:—direct and indirect—with several methods of each type.
258:
In ancient Greece, this can be found in the writings of
2856:
Links to historical demographic and economic statistics
2796:
Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes
2789:
Population Change & Distribution: Census 2000 Brief
2661:
Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes
1548:
Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan
1128:
The figure in this section shows the latest (2004) UN (
2877:
Probabilistic Population Projections, the 2nd Revision
2681:
Leonid A. Gavrilov & Natalia S. Gavrilova (1991),
1281:
1252:
Demographic analysis in institutions and organizations
2118:
1060:
984:
890:
481:
and mathematical study of the size, composition, and
1143:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
862:
Basic equation regarding development of a population
738:, the annual number of live births per 1,000 people.
4095:
European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research
2365:
Forces of Urban Centralization and Decentralization
2162:"Cohort profile: 1970 British Birth Cohort (BCS70)"
2088:; Esteban Ortiz-Ospina; Lucas Rodés-Guirao (2013).
1738:"How to Use Demographics for Business Advertising"
1105:
1029:
956:
866:Suppose that a country (or other entity) contains
142:biological populations, demographic analysis uses
2683:The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach
2018:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1979:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1920:, Artemy Malkov, & Daria Khaltourina (2006).
1859:
1857:
1855:
4165:
4090:American Association for Public Opinion Research
4049:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2390:, published 5 January 2023, accessed 2 July 2023
2279:"Global Population at a Glance: 2002 and Beyond"
1117:physical migration and ethnic reidentification (
2871:World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision
765:, the annual number of deaths per 1,000 people.
318:also expressed important ideas on this ground.
4044:List of household surveys in the United States
2896:Brief review of world basic demographic trends
1852:
1493:Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020
649:1946 National Survey of Health and Development
92: 'writing, drawing, description') is the
4110:World Association for Public Opinion Research
3617:
2922:
2865:World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1530:Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
877:. What is the size of the population at time
203:, major diagnoses and major medical history.
4059:Suffolk University Political Research Center
2860:United Nations Population Division: Homepage
1798:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1767:
1765:
1763:
1265:can be used to show slow population growth,
670:(SMR) or standardized incidence rate (SIR).
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2121:"Cohort profile: 1958 British Cohort Study"
1968:
1683:"UC Berkeley Demography department website"
255:refers to the overall study of population.
3631:
3624:
3610:
2929:
2915:
1888:
1863:
1321:
725:
158:information gathered at any time. In the
2177:
2136:
1760:
1524:Institut national d'études démographiques
1304:
1216:
290:. In Rome, writers and philosophers like
106:examines and measures the dimensions and
4189:Interdisciplinary subfields of sociology
2685:. New York: Harwood Academic Publisher,
2678:Controversial Neo-Malthusianist pamphlet
2341:
1205:, or a national association such as the
1152:
690:. When this statistic is achieved, the
567:
555:
42:
4069:Quinnipiac University Polling Institute
2415:"Doubling of world population unlikely"
2403:, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Nov., 1983): 461-489.
1962:
1735:
1574:Brazilian Journal of Population Studies
14:
4166:
4054:New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study
4001:Comparative Study of Electoral Systems
2885:Java Simulation of Population Dynamics
2739:, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg,
2627:, Jens Ehrhardt, Martin Kohli (Eds.):
2011:
1566:
1538:(Princeton University) (United States)
1378:National Security Study Memorandum 200
1273:Turnover and in internal labor markets
3605:
2910:
2787:Perry, Marc J. & Mackun, Paul J.
2550:from the original on 6 September 2019
2166:International Journal of Epidemiology
2125:International Journal of Epidemiology
2055:
1969:von Valtier, William F. (June 2011).
1689:from the original on 1 September 2006
1518:Global Social Change Research Project
702:Standardization of population numbers
364:, which contains a primitive form of
3560:
2602:from the original on 7 February 2023
2100:from the original on 13 October 2016
1864:Srivastava, Sangya (December 2005).
1820:from the original on 28 January 2021
1780:from the original on 10 January 2016
673:
75: 'people, society' and
4100:International Statistical Institute
2936:
2570:"Population Association of America"
2291:from the original on 6 January 2022
1874:. Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited.
1282:Population ecology of organizations
576:
24:
3991:American National Election Studies
3981:List of comparative social surveys
2754:Population: A Lively Introduction,
2618:
2576:from the original on 19 March 2011
1475:Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys
25:
4215:
2832:
2504:from the original on 29 July 2020
2311:"Global Population Profile: 2002"
2160:Elliott J and Shepherd P (2006).
1675:
1595:Population and Development Review
1434:
1358:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality
1207:Population Association of America
519:
3583:
3572:
3559:
3548:
3547:
2524:Demographic Methods and Concepts
2259:from the original on 7 July 2017
1814:"What Are Patient Demographics?"
1581:Cahiers québécois de démographie
1511:
1343:Biodemography of human longevity
653:National Child Development Study
34:. For the album by 16 Volt, see
3502:List of social science journals
2588:
2562:
2536:
2516:
2490:
2478:
2406:
2393:
2374:
2357:
2303:
2271:
2239:
2213:
2202:Centre for Longitudinal Studies
2194:
2153:
2112:
2074:
2064:
2049:
2005:
1953:
1944:
1910:
1256:
602:Cox proportional hazards models
3459:Science and technology studies
2200:The last three are run by the
2119:Power C and Elliott J (2006).
2027:American Philosophical Society
1832:
1729:
1701:
1645:
1629:
1622:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1609:
1554:Vienna Institute of Demography
1487:Panel Study of Income Dynamics
1447:Demographic and Health Surveys
606:multiple decrement life tables
36:Demography: The Basement Tapes
13:
1:
2369:American Journal of Sociology
2247:"examples of standardization"
1602:
1536:Office of Population Research
1368:List of demographics articles
4184:Environmental social science
2901:Family and Fertility Surveys
2839:Quick demography data lookup
2811:. San Diego: Academic Press.
1986:(2): 158–188. Archived from
1716:U.S. Census Monitoring Board
1481:National Longitudinal Survey
1465:German General Social Survey
1261:The demographic analysis of
832:has an unchanging structure.
608:, Brass relational logits),
7:
4034:International Social Survey
2757:Population Reference Bureau
1653:"The Science of Population"
1330:
967:Natural increase from time
800:replacement level fertility
624:, multistate life tables),
10:
4220:
2635:Historical Social Research
1285:
551:People's Republic of China
472:
216:
195:, postal code, ethnicity,
146:to develop an independent
78:
61:
29:
4118:
4082:
4064:The Phillips Academy Poll
3973:
3937:
3892:Exploratory data analysis
3862:
3782:
3745:Sample size determination
3690:
3640:
3543:
3510:
3494:
3241:
2967:
2944:
2060:. Routledge. p. 169.
1657:demographicpartitions.org
1441:Current Population Survey
1409:Population reconstruction
1348:Demographics of the world
657:1970 British Cohort Study
618:parity progression ratios
493:, migrations, marriages,
2854:Historicalstatistics.org
2646:. Hermitage Publishers,
2058:Encyclopedia of the City
453:(1821–1883) and his son
237:. Made up of the prefix
4005:Emerson College Polling
3897:Multivariate statistics
3740:Nonprobability sampling
3147:international relations
2841:(archived 4 March 2016)
2798:. Blackwell Publishing.
2663:. Blackwell Publishing.
2498:"N C H S - Life Tables"
2207:28 October 2018 at the
2025:(1). Philadelphia, PA:
1322:Nonprofit organizations
809:gross reproduction rate
726:Common rates and ratios
718:Within the category of
661:Millennium Cohort Study
512:There are two types of
451:Louis-Adolphe Bertillon
4014:European Social Survey
3996:Asian Barometer Survey
3887:Descriptive statistics
3772:Cross-sequential study
3725:Simple random sampling
3474:Quantum social science
1774:"Coverage Measurement"
1709:"Demographic Analysis"
1453:European Social Survey
1305:Business organizations
1288:organizational ecology
1222:Population composition
1217:Population composition
1107:
1031:
958:
818:net reproduction ratio
753:age-specific fertility
626:population projections
573:
565:
415:Malthusian catastrophe
409:. His work influenced
144:administrative records
138:. In the context of
48:
4024:General Social Survey
3907:Statistical inference
3767:Cross-sectional study
3511:Other categorizations
3364:International studies
3349:History of technology
3284:Communication studies
3167:public administration
2056:Caves, R. W. (2004).
1869:Studies in Demography
1459:General Social Survey
1424:Replacement migration
1414:Population statistics
1363:Linguistic demography
1353:Demographic economics
1299:environmental factors
1153:Science of population
1108:
1032:
959:
837:stationary population
771:infant mortality rate
583:historical demography
571:
559:
411:Thomas Robert Malthus
46:
3945:Audience measurement
3882:Level of measurement
3715:Sampling for surveys
3344:Historical sociology
2380:Cooper-Douglas, E.,
1816:. 21 December 2011.
1499:Socio-Economic Panel
1419:Religious demography
1404:Population geography
1389:Political demography
1058:
982:
888:
791:total fertility rate
715:per eligible woman.
694:between two or more
483:spatial distribution
395:published his essay
335:Bartholomew of Lucca
180:Patient demographics
104:Demographic analysis
32:Demography (journal)
4199:Market segmentation
4105:Pew Research Center
4074:World Values Survey
3817:Specification error
3735:Stratified sampling
3524:Geisteswissenschaft
3518:Behavioral sciences
3444:Political sociology
3359:Information science
3304:Development studies
2821:. Chicago: R. Dee,
2777:. Chicago: R. Dee,
2764:1 June 2013 at the
2675:The Population Bomb
2467:on 16 December 2008
2434:1997Natur.387..803L
1929:9 July 2019 at the
1840:Demographic Methods
1637:Population Bulletin
1567:Scientific journals
1505:World Values Survey
1429:Reproductive health
1399:Population dynamics
1373:Medieval demography
779:expectation of life
638:population momentum
339:William of Auvergne
150:of the population.
3912:Statistical models
3812:Non-sampling error
3710:Statistical sample
3650:Collection methods
3579:Society portal
3066:auxiliary sciences
2815:Wattenberg, Ben J.
2640:Glad, John. 2008.
2522:Donald T. Rowland
2329:on 1 February 2022
2179:10.1093/ije/dyl174
2138:10.1093/ije/dyi183
1625:. Merriam-Webster.
1542:Population Council
1394:Population biology
1238:population pyramid
1103:
1027:
954:
830:population pyramid
706:For there to be a
616:-Trussell models,
574:
566:
477:Demography is the
403:exponential growth
382:Augustus De Morgan
349:sociologists like
331:William of Conches
173:U.S. Census Bureau
164:population ecology
49:
4204:Human populations
4179:Actuarial science
4161:
4160:
3877:Contingency table
3852:Processing errors
3837:Non-response bias
3827:Measurement error
3807:Systematic errors
3599:
3598:
3439:Political economy
3434:Political ecology
3289:Community studies
3279:Cognitive science
3242:Interdisciplinary
3142:Political science
2771:Ben J. Wattenberg
2745:978-3-642-15593-2
2700:Daria Khaltourina
2428:(6635): 803–805.
2094:Our World in Data
1933:. Moscow: URSS,
1748:on 6 October 2011
1663:on 14 August 2015
1639:46.2 (1991): n2.
1095:
1080:
1065:
1019:
1004:
989:
946:
931:
916:
895:
826:stable population
692:population growth
680:Global population
674:Population change
622:Sullivan's method
503:population change
465:(1837–1914), and
423:Benjamin Gompertz
393:Benjamin Franklin
343:William of Pagula
211:social demography
207:Formal demography
94:statistical study
16:(Redirected from
4211:
3872:Categorical data
3626:
3619:
3612:
3603:
3602:
3587:
3577:
3576:
3563:
3562:
3551:
3550:
3454:Regional science
3299:Cultural studies
3274:Business studies
2931:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2805:Siegal, Jacob S.
2696:Andrey Korotayev
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2540:
2534:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2460:. Archived from
2419:
2410:
2404:
2397:
2391:
2378:
2372:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2322:. Archived from
2315:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2251:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2223:. Archived from
2217:
2211:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2181:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1975:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1918:Andrey Korotayev
1914:
1908:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1861:
1850:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1744:. Archived from
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1659:. Archived from
1649:
1643:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1613:
1384:NRS social grade
1267:population aging
1138:world population
1112:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
990:
988:Natural Increase
987:
963:
961:
960:
955:
953:
952:
947:
944:
938:
937:
932:
930:Natural Increase
929:
923:
922:
917:
914:
908:
907:
896:
893:
873:persons at time
630:Lee-Carter model
577:Indirect methods
497:, diseases, and
443:Adolphe Quetelet
407:British colonies
89:
82:
72:
65:
21:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4194:Human geography
4164:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4114:
4078:
4039:Latinobarómetro
3969:
3955:Market research
3933:
3858:
3832:Response errors
3778:
3752:Research design
3720:Random sampling
3686:
3670:Semi-structured
3642:Data collection
3636:
3634:survey research
3630:
3600:
3595:
3571:
3539:
3506:
3490:
3464:Science studies
3248:Administration
3237:
2963:
2940:
2938:Social sciences
2935:
2835:
2766:Wayback Machine
2727:Phillip Longman
2670:Paul R. Ehrlich
2621:
2619:Further reading
2616:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2417:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2394:
2379:
2375:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2227:on 3 April 2016
2219:
2218:
2214:
2209:Wayback Machine
2199:
2195:
2158:
2154:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2054:
2050:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1993:on 5 March 2016
1990:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1931:Wayback Machine
1915:
1911:
1900:
1889:
1882:
1867:S.C.Srivastava,
1862:
1853:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1781:
1770:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1742:About.com Money
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1634:
1630:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1569:
1556:(VID) (Austria)
1550:(United States)
1544:(United States)
1526:(INED) (France)
1520:(United States)
1514:
1437:
1333:
1324:
1307:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1259:
1254:
1246:population size
1234:social dynamics
1219:
1155:
1136:projections of
1097:
1092:
1091:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1006:
1001:
1000:
991:
986:
985:
983:
980:
979:
948:
943:
942:
933:
928:
927:
918:
913:
912:
897:
892:
891:
889:
886:
885:
871:
864:
783:life expectancy
728:
720:standardization
704:
676:
612:(Hermes model,
594:Gompertz models
579:
522:
514:data collection
507:standardization
475:
304:Marcus Aurelius
300:Pliny the Elder
243:and the suffix
219:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4217:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3965:Public opinion
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3847:Pseudo-opinion
3844:
3842:Coverage error
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3797:Standard error
3794:
3792:Sampling error
3788:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3730:Quota sampling
3727:
3722:
3712:
3707:
3705:Sampling frame
3702:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3557:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3407:social science
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3339:Global studies
3336:
3334:Gender studies
3331:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3317:social science
3313:Environmental
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
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3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
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3014:
3012:macroeconomics
3009:
3007:microeconomics
2999:
2998:
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2987:
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2833:External links
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2707:. Moscow: URSS
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2013:Zirkle, Conway
2004:
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1435:Social surveys
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1230:marital status
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1114:
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1100:
1090:
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749:
745:fertility rate
739:
727:
724:
712:fertility rate
703:
700:
675:
672:
668:mortality rate
598:hazards models
578:
575:
521:
520:Direct methods
518:
474:
471:
459:Émile Durkheim
419:overpopulation
223:Ancient Greece
218:
215:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4009:Eurobarometer
4007:
4004:
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3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
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3986:Afrobarometer
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:Major surveys
3972:
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3956:
3953:
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3900:
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3888:
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3864:Data analysis
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3808:
3805:
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3802:Sampling bias
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3784:Survey errors
3781:
3773:
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3655:Questionnaire
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3530:Human science
3528:
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3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3503:
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3499:
3497:
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3486:Vegan studies
3484:
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3475:
3472:
3470:
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3383:Philosophies
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3262:
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3200:
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3189:developmental
3187:
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3176:
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3172:
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3165:
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3160:
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3140:
3136:
3133:
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3113:legal systems
3111:
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3103:jurisprudence
3101:
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2827:1-56663-606-X
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2800:
2797:
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2783:1-56663-606-X
2780:
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2652:1-55779-154-6
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2637:36 (2), 2011.
2636:
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2532:0-19-875263-6
2529:
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2226:
2222:
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2172:(4): 836–43.
2171:
2167:
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2020:
2019:
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2008:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1972:
1965:
1956:
1947:
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1939:5-484-00414-4
1936:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1906:
1904:
1901:Peter Biller,
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1881:9788126119929
1877:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1858:
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1848:0-340-71892-7
1845:
1841:
1838:Andrew Hinde
1835:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1801:
1795:
1779:
1775:
1768:
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1747:
1743:
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1736:Jean Murray.
1732:
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1338:Biodemography
1336:
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1319:
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1064:Net Migration
1054:
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1046:
1042:
1041:Net migration
1022:
1012:
1007:
997:
992:
978:
977:
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970:
949:
945:Net Migration
939:
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924:
919:
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904:
901:
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884:
883:
882:
880:
876:
872:
859:
857:
851:
845:
844:urban centres
841:
838:
834:
831:
827:
823:
820:
819:
814:
811:
810:
805:
802:
801:
796:
793:
792:
787:
784:
780:
776:
773:
772:
767:
764:
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757:
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747:
746:
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736:
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723:
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689:
685:
681:
671:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
634:Leslie Matrix
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
570:
564:by population
563:
558:
554:
552:
546:
544:
539:
534:
532:
528:
527:United States
517:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
470:
468:
464:
463:Wilhelm Lexis
461:(1858–1917),
460:
456:
452:
449:(1807–1883),
448:
445:(1796–1874),
444:
438:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
401:, projecting
400:
399:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
378:Richard Price
375:
374:Edmond Halley
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
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297:
293:
289:
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281:
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273:
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261:
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242:
241:
236:
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228:
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214:
212:
208:
204:
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198:
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186:
185:date of birth
181:
177:
174:
169:
168:institutional
165:
161:
157:
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149:
145:
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137:
133:
132:social actors
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125:
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117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
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91:
88:
81:
77:
74:
71:
64:
60:
57:
56:Ancient Greek
53:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4083:Associations
3960:Opinion poll
3949:
3938:Applications
3762:Cohort study
3675:Unstructured
3588:
3564:
3552:
3522:
3329:Food studies
3269:Area studies
3215:
3022:mathematical
3017:econometrics
2975:Anthropology
2818:
2808:
2795:
2788:
2774:
2753:
2736:
2730:
2704:
2682:
2673:
2660:
2641:
2629:
2604:. Retrieved
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2538:
2523:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2492:
2480:
2469:. Retrieved
2462:the original
2425:
2421:
2408:
2400:
2395:
2385:
2376:
2359:
2331:. Retrieved
2324:the original
2317:
2305:
2293:. Retrieved
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2225:the original
2215:
2196:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2131:(1): 34–41.
2128:
2124:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2093:
2076:
2066:
2057:
2051:
2022:
2016:
2007:
1997:19 September
1995:. Retrieved
1988:the original
1983:
1977:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1922:
1912:
1902:
1870:
1866:
1839:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1808:
1782:. Retrieved
1750:. Retrieved
1746:the original
1741:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1715:
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1661:the original
1656:
1647:
1636:
1631:
1620:
1617:"demography"
1611:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1325:
1317:
1312:loan officer
1308:
1291:
1276:
1260:
1257:Labor market
1242:
1221:
1220:
1191:anthropology
1183:epidemiology
1171:
1167:
1156:
1127:
1123:
1119:assimilation
1115:
1048:
1044:
1039:
972:
968:
966:
878:
874:
867:
865:
852:
849:
836:
825:
816:
807:
798:
789:
778:
769:
759:
752:
742:
732:
717:
705:
677:
665:
646:
587:
580:
547:
535:
529:and much of
523:
511:
476:
447:William Farr
439:
431:
396:
390:
385:
357:
355:
320:
257:
250:
244:
238:
227:Ancient Rome
220:
210:
206:
205:
179:
178:
103:
102:
86:
83:
76:
69:
66:
59:
51:
50:
40:
4019:Gallup Poll
3822:Frame error
3757:Panel study
3692:Methodology
3590:Wikiversity
3481:Social work
3369:Linguistics
3294:Criminology
3211:criminology
3194:personality
3152:comparative
3130:Linguistics
3123:private law
2980:archaeology
2750:Joe McFalls
2625:Josef Ehmer
2508:9 September
2104:25 November
1916:See, e.g.,
1824:15 November
1294:liabilities
1079:Immigration
881:+ 1 ?
708:significant
651:, the 1958
479:statistical
467:Luigi Bodio
432:In 1855, a
362:John Graunt
351:Ibn Khaldun
323:Middle Ages
268:Hippocrates
249:, the term
160:labor force
152:Demographic
116:nationality
98:populations
18:Demographer
4174:Demography
4168:Categories
4151:Statistics
4141:Psychology
3950:Demography
3927:Structural
3922:Log-linear
3665:Structured
3535:Humanities
3469:historical
3402:psychology
3374:Management
3216:demography
3174:Psychology
3157:philosophy
3118:public law
3049:integrated
2845:Demography
2606:7 December
2471:2008-11-13
2401:Demography
2363:Hoyt, H.,
2319:census.gov
2295:16 October
2263:16 October
2029:: 71–123.
1693:12 October
1603:References
1588:Demography
1163:life table
1094:Emigration
1043:from time
915:Population
894:Population
868:Population
856:life table
762:death rate
735:birth rate
688:percentage
659:, and the
590:life table
543:sex ratios
499:employment
366:life table
360:(1662) by
276:Protagoras
264:Thucydides
252:demography
197:blood type
191:, date of
54:(from
52:Demography
4146:Sociology
4127:Projects
3917:Graphical
3660:Interview
3413:Planning
3392:economics
3309:Education
3206:Sociology
3184:cognitive
3135:semiotics
3086:political
3044:technical
3029:Geography
3002:Economics
2333:3 October
2082:Max Roser
2035:0003-049X
1871:, p.39-41
1721:3 October
1562:(Austria)
1532:(Germany)
1495:(PMA2020)
1228:, sex or
1187:geography
1179:economics
1175:sociology
1159:fecundity
1089:−
1013:−
610:fertility
562:countries
391:In 1755,
327:Christian
316:Columella
308:Epictetus
288:Aristotle
260:Herodotus
201:allergies
136:migration
128:sociology
124:ethnicity
112:education
96:of human
4136:Politics
4131:Business
4123:Category
3554:Category
3422:regional
3417:land use
3252:business
3221:internet
3179:abnormal
3081:military
3071:economic
3061:cultural
3034:physical
2995:physical
2985:cultural
2817:(2004),
2807:(2002),
2791:. (2001)
2773:(2004),
2762:Archived
2752:(2007),
2729:(2004),
2702:(2006).
2672:(1968),
2600:Archived
2580:14 April
2574:Archived
2554:20 April
2548:Archived
2502:Archived
2387:ABC News
2286:Archived
2254:Archived
2231:26 March
2205:Archived
2188:16931528
2147:16155052
2098:Archived
1927:Archived
1818:Archived
1794:cite web
1784:26 March
1778:Archived
1752:26 March
1687:Archived
1667:4 August
1331:See also
743:general
495:divorces
427:Verhulst
388:(1838).
272:Epicurus
148:estimate
120:religion
108:dynamics
87:-graphía
3632:Social
3566:Commons
3397:history
3387:science
3322:studies
3056:History
2968:Primary
2954:History
2949:Outline
2526:Ch. 11
2458:4306159
2450:9194559
2430:Bibcode
1380:of 1974
1195:history
1147:Austria
696:nations
642:Keyfitz
636:), and
560:Map of
473:Methods
455:Jacques
434:Belgian
321:In the
246:-graphy
217:History
80:-γραφία
3700:Census
3680:Couple
3257:public
3199:social
3091:social
2990:social
2849:Curlie
2825:
2781:
2743:
2712:
2698:&
2689:
2650:
2530:
2456:
2448:
2422:Nature
2186:
2145:
2043:984852
2041:
2033:
1937:
1878:
1846:
1842:Ch. 1
1489:(PSID)
1477:(MICS)
1469:ALLBUS
1211:Canada
1199:CICRED
1018:Deaths
1003:Births
760:crude
733:crude
684:census
655:, the
632:, the
538:census
531:Europe
491:deaths
370:London
347:Muslim
345:, and
314:, and
296:Seneca
292:Cicero
189:gender
156:census
122:, and
3427:urban
3231:urban
3226:rural
3076:human
3039:human
2959:Index
2903:(FFS)
2465:(PDF)
2454:S2CID
2418:(PDF)
2327:(PDF)
2314:(PDF)
2289:(PDF)
2282:(PDF)
2257:(PDF)
2250:(PDF)
2039:JSTOR
1991:(PDF)
1974:(PDF)
1712:(PDF)
1507:(WVS)
1483:(NLS)
1461:(GSS)
1455:(ESS)
1449:(DHS)
1443:(CPS)
1051:+ 1:
975:+ 1:
614:Coale
487:birth
284:Plato
280:Polus
240:demo-
235:India
231:China
193:death
140:human
70:dêmos
63:δῆμος
58:
3495:List
2823:ISBN
2779:ISBN
2741:ISBN
2710:ISBN
2687:ISBN
2648:ISBN
2608:2022
2582:2011
2556:2008
2528:ISBN
2510:2017
2446:PMID
2335:2023
2297:2022
2265:2022
2233:2016
2184:PMID
2143:PMID
2106:2022
2031:ISSN
1999:2018
1935:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1826:2020
1800:link
1786:2016
1754:2016
1723:2023
1695:2006
1669:2015
1226:race
1193:and
815:The
806:The
797:The
788:The
781:(or
777:The
768:The
758:The
751:The
741:The
731:The
425:and
312:Cato
286:and
233:and
3098:Law
2847:at
2633:.
2438:doi
2426:387
2174:doi
2133:doi
1984:155
1145:in
1134:WHO
1047:to
971:to
644:).
405:in
4170::
2598:.
2572:.
2546:.
2500:.
2452:.
2444:.
2436:.
2424:.
2420:.
2384:,
2367:,
2343:^
2316:.
2284:.
2252:.
2182:.
2170:35
2168:.
2164:.
2141:.
2129:35
2127:.
2123:.
2096:.
2092:.
2084:;
2037:.
2023:84
2021:.
1982:.
1976:.
1890:^
1854:^
1796:}}
1792:{{
1776:.
1762:^
1740:.
1714:.
1685:.
1655:.
1619:.
1240:.
1213:.
1189:,
1185:,
1181:,
1177:,
1132:)
835:A
824:A
604:,
600:,
596:,
592:,
536:A
505:,
489:,
429:.
384:,
353:.
341:,
337:,
333:,
325:,
310:,
306:,
302:,
298:,
294:,
282:,
278:,
274:,
270:,
266:,
262:,
229:,
225:,
187:,
118:,
114:,
3625:e
3618:t
3611:v
2930:e
2923:t
2916:v
2887:.
2610:.
2584:.
2558:.
2512:.
2474:.
2440::
2432::
2337:.
2299:.
2267:.
2235:.
2190:.
2176::
2149:.
2135::
2108:.
2045:.
2001:.
1941:.
1907:.
1884:.
1828:.
1802:)
1788:.
1756:.
1725:.
1697:.
1671:.
1471:)
1467:(
1099:t
1084:t
1074:=
1069:t
1049:t
1045:t
1023:t
1008:t
998:=
993:t
973:t
969:t
950:t
940:+
935:t
925:+
920:t
910:=
905:1
902:+
899:t
879:t
875:t
870:t
846:.
640:(
628:(
90:)
84:(
73:)
67:(
38:.
20:)
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