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27:
368:(Union Sidérurgique du Nord) was created on 1 July 1948 by a merger of Denain-Anzin with Nord-Est (Forges et Aciéries du Nord et de l'Est). In 1957 the company became "Denain-Anzin", and it absorbed the Société anonyme des tubes de Valenciennes et de Denain, the Compagnie des terres réfractaires françaises, the Société des argiles de la Brie, the Société Les réfractaires de Longueville and the Société des produits minéraux industriels. In 1965 it merged with the Société des forges et aciéries du Nord et de l'Est to form Denain-Anzin Nord-Est.
163:
300:(1914–18) the company invested 75 million francs. In 1913 Denain-Anzin produced 390,000 tons of steel, or 7.68% of total French steel production. The company produced only 17,000 tons of iron due to low demand and low profitability. In 1913 the company was the 17th largest publicly held manufacturing enterprise in France, and 8th largest primary metals company with assets of 64.1 million francs. The largest steel company,
358:
the 1948 merger with Nord-Est, the products manufactured by Denain-Anzin had slowly diverged from those by the
Valenciennes division of Nord-Est, allowing each firm to scale up production in their speciality with reduced competition. For example, the two companies produced the same quantities of girders in 1930, but by 1936 Nord-Est produced six times as much as Denain-Anzin. After the June 1940 defeat of France during
170:
252:. He introduced sisters of that charity to run several services for Denain-Anzin. Unlike the nearby coal mines, the demand for steel fluctuated widely, and until 1872 the company's finances were shaky. In the crisis of 1866–68 the company came close to bankruptcy, and was forced to lay off workers at both plants. In 1870 the company became a
346:
than 500,000 tons of steel per year, and would achieve a record of 2,419,631 tons in 1974. The company became a public limited liability company on 19 November 1920. Denain-Anzin built a railway line to
Azincourt to carry coke from the mines there to the factory. Between 1928 and 1946 Denain-Anzin invested 75 million in its two factories.
236:
signed at the start of the year. In fact the problem was largely caused by depletion of local iron ore, which was causing the cost of production to rise fast. The imports from
Britain and Belgium were not enough to be a significant threat to the iron industry, and imports of cheap coal and coke would
155:
since 1775. The docks on the river were owned by the
Compagnie des Mines d'Anzin, a coal mining operation, apart from one quay used by the steel factory. The Mines d'Anzin operated three coal mines 100 metres (330 ft) below the factory. The first coke-fired blast furnaces of the Forges de Denain
345:
The war damages act of 1919 took little account of the age of the facilities that had been destroyed. For Nord-Est, which had 80% new plant in 1914, it was a disaster. For Denain-Anzin, it was a boon, since obsolete plant could be replaced. The Denain factory was built in 1920 to produce rather more
228:
Talabot managed Denain-Anzin after the merger. Georges Serret, who died in 1854, retained an important stake in the company. His second daughter married
Hippolyte Waternau, an advocate, who became an administrator of the company. In 1849 Denain-Anzin had capital of 10 million francs. At the time of
357:
In the 1930s the company belonged to a cartel, the
Comptoir Sidérurgique de France, which set quotas for each company's production of semi finished steel, structural shapes, merchant bars, thick plates and sheets. However, discipline was weak and the members often exceeded their quotas. Well before
332:
submitted an alternative proposal to the government that required the company to build blast furnaces in BĂ´ne and to pay higher royalties to
Algeria. The agreement and specifications for this project were signed early in 1918, with 85% of the capital supplied by Mokta and Hauts Fourneaux de Rouen,
207:
to supply rails. The
Compagnie du chemin de fer du Nord was unable to import Belgian rails in 1846. To obtain a better supply, in 1849 the Talabots took control of the Denain and Anzin forges and merged them. Talabot combined the Forges et Laminoirs d'Anzin with the Serret, Lelièvre, Dumont et Cie
191:
In 1834 Benoît
Vasseur, using external capital, asked for permission to build an iron factory at Anzin similar to that at Denain. Due to lack of money, Vasseur was unable to build a blast furnace and built only a forge and puddling furnaces. In 1842 he sold the business, the Forges et Laminoirs
268:
became president in 1872. In 1878 the company was part of a syndicate that obtain the 953 hectares (2,350 acres) Godbrange concession, and in 1890 obtained part of the neighboring
Tiercelet concession. In 1879 Senelle-Maubeuge and Denain-Anzin bought the CĂ´te-Rouge mining properties. In 1886
295:
The company absorbed the Compagnie des Charbonnages d'Azincourt on 12 July 1906 to ensure a supply of affordable coal. Denain-Anzin delayed electrification until about 1913, since the change required conversion of all its steam-based power plants. In the fifteen years before
273:
became chairman of the Denain-Anzin iron works, which he began to modernise. The Nervo family would make Denain-Anzin the fifth-largest steel producer in France by 1913. In 1902 Denain-Anzin started up a new steelworks using the
362:(1939–45), a law of 16 August 1940 created Sidenor, the Groupement des Industries Side-rugiques du Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Denain-Anzin and Nord-Est both came under the control of Sidenor, producing 80% of its steel.
220:
192:
d'Anzin for 1,100,000 francs to the Société de Commerce de Bruxelles, a subsidiary of the Société Générale de Belgique. This was a major bank associated with the Rothschilds that worked with
139:
The Société Serret, Lelièvre et Cie was constituted in 1834 to build and run the Forges de Denain. The partners were Georges Serret, Isidore Charpentier-Odolant and Charles Lelièvre.
196:
in the Nord. Both the Denain and Anzin companies had little difficulty training their workers, since there was a long history of mining and industry in the region.
324:
and the Société des Hauts Fourneaux de Rouen agreed to form a joint venture to exploit the Boukhadra deposits in Algeria, which was supported by the minister
229:
the merger there was no blast furnace at Anzin, while the Denain factory had three. By 1854 Denain-Anzin had five blast furnaces, of which two were in Anzin.
333:
and 15% by Denain-Anzin and a consortium of Algerian banks. Two blast furnaces would be built with combined annual capacity of 80,000 tons. However, after
963:
Dunham, Arthur Louis (February 1927), "The Influence of the Anglo-French Treaty of Commerce of 1860 on the Development of the Iron Industry in France",
143:
also participated. Serret and Dumont were also partners in the Forges de Raismes (Renaux, Dumant et Cie). The factory in Denain was located beside the
245:, of which Leon Talabot of Denain-Anzin was president, was to maintain the price of iron by using any arguments of threats they thought would work.
1053:
Hardy-Hemery, Odette (October–December 1983), "Une nébuleuse en expansion aux XIXe et XXe siècles: l'espace de l'usine sidérurgique de Denain",
1231:
1226:
1221:
208:
company of Denain to form the Société des hauts-fourneaux et des forges de Denain et Anzin, the largest metallurgical company in the
278:, the Aciérie Jordan, the largest in the Nord. This was one of the largest and most efficient Thomas steel mills in the country.
123:
of France. The company was created through the merger of two smaller forges to produce rails for the Nord railway company. After
1216:
1144:
Smith, Michael S. (Spring 1998), "Putting France in the Chandlerian Framework: France's 100 Largest Industrial Firms in 1913",
1191:
1110:
1038:
932:
459:
312:
232:
A difficult period for the manufacturers of the north of France began in 1860, which they blamed entirely on the free-trade
178:
162:
853:
262:
of 1870 the company was unable to pay its workers in cash, but instead paid in vouchers on the company's food store.
249:
281:
321:
233:
1126:
140:
325:
209:
120:
111:(Société des hauts-fourneaux, forges et aciéries de Denain et d'Anzin) was a steel manufacturer in
200:
1181:
1100:
1028:
922:
846:
The Politics of Steel: Western Europe and the Steel Industry in the Crisis Years (1974-1984)
388:(1842–1909) had married Léon Talabot's daughter Lucie-Agathe (1844–73) on 31 October 1867.
254:
8:
596:
594:
592:
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301:
259:
999:(2), Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Economic History Association: 117–151,
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26:
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1016:
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910:
902:
585:
1187:
1173:
1106:
1034:
1020:
928:
914:
849:
455:
242:
991:
Dunham, Arthur L. (November 1943), "Industrial Life and Labor in France 1815-1848",
885:
Barbezat, Daniel (Winter 1996), "The "Comptoir Sidérurgique de France", 1930–1939",
1153:
1062:
1000:
972:
894:
337:
returned to Algeria as governor the project was delayed and eventually cancelled.
385:
334:
270:
193:
64:
1061:(125), Editions l'Atelier on behalf of Association Le Mouvement Social: 57–78,
329:
275:
265:
238:
1004:
1210:
1081:
947:
1102:
L'Algérie révélée: la guerre de 1914–1918 et le premier quart du XXe siècle
359:
204:
148:
124:
1080:
600:
248:
In 1863 Hippolyte Waternau became director. Waternau was president of the
297:
269:
Senelle-Maubeuge and Denain-Anzin acquired the Jarny concession. In 1896
924:
Le patronat du Nord sous le Second Empire: une approche prosopographique
1165:
1074:
1012:
984:
906:
1157:
1066:
976:
898:
152:
144:
1183:
The Emergence of Modern Business Enterprise in France, 1800–1930
365:
183:
128:
112:
90:
241:, wrote to the Minister of Commerce that the real goal of the
1082:"Hauts Fourneaux et des Forges et Aciéries de Denain - Anzin"
767:
765:
500:
498:
116:
893:(4), The President and Fellows of Harvard College: 517–540,
525:
515:
513:
433:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
862:
825:
813:
801:
789:
738:
606:
396:
1152:(1), The President and Fellows of Harvard College: 46–85,
777:
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750:
697:
685:
673:
630:
618:
537:
495:
728:
726:
724:
510:
420:
408:
1030:
Trith-Saint-Léger: du premier âge industriel à nos jours
663:
661:
659:
657:
452:
Classes et catégories sociales: aspects de la recherche
721:
485:
483:
573:
561:
549:
237:
have helped. In 1860 the Inspector-General of Mines,
844:
Meny, Yves; Wright, Vincent; Rhodes, Martin (1986).
654:
468:
353:
Denain: Bureaux des Forges et ancienne Fosse Villars
709:
480:
328:. However, the administration of Algerian governor
127:it was merged with other companies in 1948 to form
952:(in French), BnF: Bibliotheque nationale de France
1208:
843:
921:Barbier, Frédéric; Daviet, Jean-Pierre (1989),
946:
771:
642:
601:Hauts Fourneaux et des Forges ... industrie.lu
920:
612:
504:
402:
285:Pit 1 of the Compagnie des mines d'Azincourt
1052:
1026:
868:
831:
819:
795:
783:
756:
744:
703:
691:
679:
636:
624:
543:
531:
519:
437:
414:
203:drove the integration of small forges into
848:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 515.
25:
1033:(in French), Presses Univ. Septentrion,
884:
807:
348:
311:
280:
219:
147:river, which had been canalized between
1098:
971:(2), Oxford University Press: 317–337,
732:
449:
1209:
990:
962:
579:
567:
555:
474:
304:, had assets of 120.7 million francs.
1179:
1143:
1086:L'Histoire industrielle du Luxembourg
715:
667:
489:
1232:French companies established in 1757
169:
16:French steel manufacturer, 1849–1948
13:
1124:
965:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
648:
224:Denain forges, canal in foreground
215:
14:
1243:
1227:Manufacturing companies of France
454:(in French). Edires. p. 26.
1222:1965 disestablishments in France
340:
250:Conférence Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
168:
161:
1180:Smith, Michael Stephen (2006),
993:The Journal of Economic History
837:
378:
443:
307:
1:
1217:1757 establishments in France
1105:(in French), Librairie Droz,
1027:Hardy-HĂ©mery, Odette (2002),
286:
89:Merged with Nord-Est to form
1186:, Harvard University Press,
7:
1146:The Business History Review
887:The Business History Review
316:Denain-Anzin blast furnaces
10:
1248:
877:
156:began operations in 1836.
134:
1099:Meynier, Gilbert (1981),
1088:(in French), industrie.lu
1005:10.1017/S0022050700083522
613:Barbier & Daviet 1989
505:Barbier & Daviet 1989
450:Aupetit, Bernard (1985).
403:Barbier & Daviet 1989
96:
85:
70:
60:
52:
44:
36:
24:
1125:Palmas, Jean Pierre de,
371:
234:Cobden–Chevalier Treaty
354:
322:Société Mokta El Hadid
317:
292:
225:
201:Chemins de Fer du Nord
141:Pierre François Dumont
74:July 1, 1948
352:
315:
284:
223:
199:Construction of the
179:class=notpageimage|
31:Anzin blast furnaces
1055:Le Mouvement Social
810:, pp. 520–521.
302:Marine et Homecourt
260:Franco-Prussian War
21:
927:, Librairie Droz,
772:Denain-Anzin – BnF
355:
318:
293:
226:
19:
1193:978-0-674-01939-3
1127:"Robert de Nervo"
1112:978-2-600-04098-3
1040:978-2-85939-768-5
934:978-2-600-03408-1
869:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
832:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
820:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
796:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
784:Hardy-Hemery 1983
757:Hardy-Hemery 1983
745:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
704:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
692:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
680:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
637:Hardy-Hemery 1983
625:Hardy-Hemery 1983
544:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
534:, pp. 31–32.
532:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
520:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
461:978-2-905095-01-5
438:Hardy-HĂ©mery 2002
415:Hardy-Hemery 1983
243:Comite des Forges
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386:Robert de Nervo
383:
379:
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335:Charles Jonnart
310:
289:
271:Robert de Nervo
255:Société Anonyme
218:
216:Pre-World War I
210:Nord Department
189:
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175:
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121:Nord department
102:
77:
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32:
17:
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933:
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873:
871:, p. 120.
861:
854:
836:
834:, p. 150.
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822:, p. 149.
812:
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798:, p. 148.
788:
776:
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749:
747:, p. 138.
737:
735:, p. 347.
720:
708:
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684:
672:
670:, p. 344.
653:
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629:
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584:
582:, p. 336.
572:
570:, p. 323.
560:
558:, p. 322.
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494:
492:, p. 186.
479:
477:, p. 128.
467:
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394:
391:
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376:
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342:
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330:Charles Lutaud
309:
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276:Thomas process
266:Paulin Talabot
239:Charles Combes
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1057:(in French),
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855:3-11-010517-9
851:
847:
840:
833:
828:
821:
816:
809:
808:Barbezat 1996
804:
797:
792:
786:, p. 60.
785:
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773:
768:
766:
759:, p. 57.
758:
753:
746:
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718:, p. 57.
717:
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706:, p. 80.
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693:
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682:, p. 76.
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638:
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621:
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546:, p. 32.
545:
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361:
351:
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341:Later history
338:
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327:
326:Albert Thomas
323:
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305:
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283:
279:
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267:
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258:. During the
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205:rolling mills
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55:
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47:
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39:
35:
28:
23:
1197:, retrieved
1182:
1149:
1145:
1135:, retrieved
1130:
1116:, retrieved
1101:
1090:, retrieved
1085:
1058:
1054:
1044:, retrieved
1029:
996:
992:
968:
964:
954:, retrieved
949:Denain-Anzin
948:
938:, retrieved
923:
890:
886:
864:
845:
839:
827:
815:
803:
791:
779:
752:
740:
733:Meynier 1981
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699:
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632:
620:
608:
575:
563:
551:
539:
527:
470:
451:
445:
410:
398:
380:
364:
360:World War II
356:
344:
320:In 1917 the
319:
294:
264:
253:
247:
231:
227:
198:
194:LĂ©on Talabot
190:
182:location of
149:Valenciennes
138:
125:World War II
109:Denain-Anzin
108:
107:
97:Headquarters
65:LĂ©on Talabot
40:Manufacturer
37:Company type
20:Denain-Anzin
1133:(in French)
580:Dunham 1927
568:Dunham 1927
556:Dunham 1927
475:Dunham 1943
308:World War I
298:World War I
290: 1900
1211:Categories
1199:2017-07-07
1137:2017-07-07
1118:2017-08-13
1092:2017-08-19
1046:2017-08-19
956:2017-08-18
940:2017-08-19
716:Smith 1998
668:Smith 2006
490:Smith 2006
78:1948-07-01
1174:154027899
1021:154716538
915:154863123
186:in France
1131:Geneanet
45:Industry
1166:3116595
1075:3777682
1013:2113493
985:1883504
907:3117314
878:Sources
153:Cambrai
135:Origins
119:in the
76: (
71:Defunct
61:Founder
53:Founded
1190:
1172:
1164:
1109:
1073:
1037:
1019:
1011:
983:
931:
913:
905:
852:
649:Palmas
458:
384:Baron
366:Usinor
184:Denain
145:Escaut
129:Usinor
113:Denain
101:France
91:Usinor
1170:S2CID
1162:JSTOR
1071:JSTOR
1017:S2CID
1009:JSTOR
981:JSTOR
911:S2CID
903:JSTOR
372:Notes
117:Anzin
48:Steel
1188:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1035:ISBN
929:ISBN
850:ISBN
456:ISBN
151:and
115:and
86:Fate
56:1849
1154:doi
1063:doi
1059:125
1001:doi
973:doi
895:doi
1213::
1168:,
1160:,
1150:72
1148:,
1129:,
1084:,
1069:,
1015:,
1007:,
995:,
979:,
969:41
967:,
909:,
901:,
891:70
889:,
764:^
723:^
656:^
587:^
512:^
497:^
482:^
422:^
287:c.
212:.
131:.
1156::
1065::
1003::
997:3
975::
897::
858:.
774:.
651:.
603:.
464:.
80:)
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