Gulf War - Knowledge

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using a formula that sets percentages of ownership. But Iraq refused to negotiate with Kuwait on such an agreement. So Kuwait produced oil from Rumaila without any agreement, and then adopted a policy of producing far more oil than it was allowed under the quota system of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. ... But during the Iraq mined its giant share of the Rumaila field to keep it from falling into Iranian hands, Western political experts say. Kuwait stepped up its total oil production, capturing some of Iraq's customers and pumping millions of barrels from the Rumaila field. ... Some Iraqi officials have accused Kuwait in the past of using advanced drilling techniques developed by American oilfield specialists to siphon oil from the Rumaila field, a charge that American drillers deny, noting that the oil flows easily from the Rumaila field without any need for these techniques. ... W. C. Goins, senior vice president of OGE Drilling Inc., a Houston company that provided oilfield supervisors and workers for Kuwait in the same area, said he was 'positive' all of the wells his employees drilled and operated ran vertically down to the Rumaila pay zone. 'That field crosses the border in north Kuwait,' he added. 'Iraqis were drilling on one side, and Kuwaitis on the other side.'

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suffered no casualties. That same evening the Task Force identified an Iraqi mortar position and engaged it with both direct and indirect fires. The Iraqis continued probing operations against the Task Force for approximately two hours. For the next two days the Task Force observed Iraqi wheeled vehicles and small units move in front of them. Several times Iraqi mortars fired on Task Force 1–41 Infantry positions. On 18 February Iraqi mortar positions continued to conduct fire missions against the Task Force. The Task Force returned fire on the Iraqi positions with artillery fire from 4–3 FA and 1st Infantry Division Artillery. During the Iraqi mortar attacks two American soldiers were wounded. Iraqi reconnaissance elements continued to patrol the area between the Task Force and the 1st Cavalry Division. VII Corps air units and artillery conducted combat operations against Iraqi defensive positions.

6033: 4546: 4127: 4789: 26700: 5445:, the name given to the British military operations during the 1991 Gulf War. The British 1st Armoured Division had traveled 217 miles in 97 hours. The British 1st Armored Division had captured or destroyed about 300 Iraqi tanks and a very large number of armored personnel carriers, trucks, reconnaissance vehicles, etc. The Desert Rats also destroyed multiple Iraqi artillery positions. The division also took over 7,000 Iraqi prisoners of war including two division commanders and two other general officers. The British 1st Armoured Division destroyed or isolated four Iraqi infantry divisions (the 26th, 48th, 31st, and 25th) and overran the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division in several sharp engagements. The Iraqi 80th Armored Brigade would also fall victim to the British 1st Armoured Division. 5053:. Task Force 1–41 was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991, and to conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991. Shortly after arrival in theatre Task Force 1–41 Infantry received a counter-reconnaissance mission. 1–41 Infantry was assisted by the 1st Squadron, 4th Armored Cavalry Regiment. This joint effort would become known as Task Force Iron. Counter-reconnaissance generally includes destroying or repelling the enemy's reconnaissance elements and denying their commander any observation of friendly forces. On 15 February 1991 4th Battalion of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment fired on a trailer and a few trucks in the Iraqi sector observing American forces. 395: 5519:

threats from Scud missiles and chemical attacks. On 24 February 1991, the 1st and 2nd Marine Divisions and the 1st Light Armored Infantry Battalion crossed into Kuwait and headed toward Kuwait City. They encountered trenches, barbed wire, and minefields. However, these positions were poorly defended, and were overrun in the first few hours. Several tank battles took place, but otherwise coalition troops encountered minimal resistance, as most Iraqi troops surrendered. The general pattern was that the Iraqis would put up a short fight before surrendering. However, Iraqi air defenses shot down nine US aircraft. Meanwhile, forces from Arab states advanced into Kuwait from the east, encountering little resistance and suffering few casualties.

7482:. Most of the press information came from briefings organized by the military. Only selected journalists were allowed to visit the front lines or conduct interviews with soldiers. Those visits were always conducted in the presence of officers, and were subject to both prior approval by the military and censorship afterward. This was ostensibly to protect sensitive information from being revealed to Iraq. This policy was heavily influenced by the military's experience with the Vietnam War, in which public opposition within the US grew throughout the war's course. It was not only the limitation of information in the Middle East; media were also restricting what was shown about the war with more graphic depictions like 5376:. The U.S.M.C. would often encounter the Iraqi 3rd Armored Division in their theater of operations. Once the 1st Marine Division reached Kuwait International Airport they found what remained of the Iraqi 12th Armored Brigade, 3rd Armored Division defending it. The Marines destroyed 30 to 40 Iraqi T-72 tanks which had taken up defensive positions around the airport. The Iraqi 3rd Armored Division losses included more than 250 T-55/62s and 70 T-72 tanks by the end of combat operations. The Iraqi 3rd Armored Division would be totally destroyed. The 2nd Marine Division played a major role repelling the attempted Iraqi invasion of Saudi Arabia which is known as the 2673: 4221: 4161: 3979: 3075: 6787:(GWS) or Gulf War illness (GWI). Common symptoms reported are chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, and gastrointestinal disorder. There has been widespread speculation and disagreement about the causes of the illness and the possibly related birth defects. Researchers found that infants born to male veterans of the 1991 war had higher rates of two types of heart valve defects. Some children born after the war to Gulf War veterans had a certain kidney defect that was not found in Gulf War veterans' children born before the war. Researchers have said that they did not have enough information to link birth defects with exposure to toxic substances. 6202: 5810: 5586:

planned back into the Wadi al-Batin. Three US soldiers were killed and nine wounded, with one M2 Bradley IFV turret destroyed, but they had taken 40 prisoners and destroyed five tanks, and successfully deceived the Iraqis. This attack led the way for the XVIII Airborne Corps to sweep around behind the 1st Cav and attack Iraqi forces to the west. On 22 February 1991, Iraq agreed to a Soviet-proposed ceasefire agreement. The agreement called for Iraq to withdraw troops to pre-invasion positions within six weeks following a total ceasefire, and called for monitoring of the ceasefire and withdrawal to be overseen by the UN Security Council.

94: 6912: 7356: 798: 538: 63: 694: 434: 6118: 5393: 577: 4828:, after two coalition Patriots failed to intercept it. Three elderly people suffered fatal heart attacks, another 96 people were injured, and 20 apartment buildings were damaged. After this attack, the Israelis warned that if the US failed to stop the attacks, they would. At one point, Israeli commandos boarded helicopters prepared to fly into Iraq, but the mission was called off after a phone call from US Defense Secretary Dick Cheney, reporting on the extent of coalition efforts to destroy Scuds and emphasizing that Israeli intervention could endanger US forces. 1344: 1332: 1320: 1308: 1296: 1284: 1272: 1260: 1248: 882: 668: 4998:

stand-off attacks were conducted during the night and through to the next day. Iraqi vehicle losses included 357 tanks, 147 armored personnel carriers, and 89 mobile artillery pieces. Some crews simply abandoned their vehicles upon realizing that they could be destroyed by guided bombs, stopping the divisions from massing for an organized attack on the town. One Iraqi soldier, who had fought in the Iran–Iraq War, remarked that his brigade "had sustained more punishment from allied airpower in 30 minutes at Khafji than in eight years of fighting against Iran."

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Lebanon, and "mutual withdrawals by Iraq and Iran and arrangement for the situation in Kuwait." He also called for a replacement of US troops that mobilized in Saudi Arabia in response to Kuwait's invasion with "an Arab force", as long as that force did not involve Egypt. Additionally, he requested an "immediate freeze of all boycott and siege decisions" and a general normalization of relations with Iraq. From the beginning of the crisis, President Bush was strongly opposed to any "linkage" between Iraq's occupation of Kuwait and the Palestinian issue.

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10 km (6.2 mi) into Iraqi territory, and captured their objective within three hours. They took 500 prisoners and inflicted heavy losses, defeating Iraq's 26th Infantry Division. A US soldier was killed by an Iraqi land mine, another five by friendly fire, and 30 wounded during the battle. Meanwhile, British forces attacked Iraq's Medina Division and a major Republican Guard logistics base. In nearly two days of some of the war's most intense fighting, the British destroyed 40 enemy tanks and captured a division commander.

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systematically destroy or cripple Iraqi infrastructure and industry: electric power stations (92 percent of installed capacity destroyed), refineries (80 percent of production capacity), petrochemical complexes, telecommunications centers (including 135 telephone networks), bridges (more than 100), roads, highways, railroads, hundreds of locomotives and boxcars full of goods, radio and television broadcasting stations, cement plants, and factories producing aluminum, textiles, electric cables, and medical supplies.

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played a significant role clearing the trenches and captured 160 Iraqi soldiers in the process. Once into Iraqi territory Task Force 1–41 Infantry encountered multiple Iraqi defensive positions and bunkers. These defensive positions were occupied by a brigade-sized element. Task Force 1–41 Infantry elements dismounted and prepared to engage the enemy soldiers who occupied these well-prepared and heavily fortified bunkers. The Task Force found itself engaged in six hours of combat in order to clear the extensive

6939:, the Iraqis totally lost heart and started to evacuate occupied Kuwait, but airpower halted the caravan of Iraqi Army and plunderers fleeing toward Basra. This event was later called by the media "The Highway of Death." There were certainly a lot of dead vehicles, but not so many dead Iraqis. They'd already learned to scamper off into the desert when our aircraft started to attack. Nevertheless, some people back home wrongly chose to believe we were cruelly and unusually punishing our already whipped foes. 461: 6672: 487: 5294:. VII Corps fought a number of large battles against Iraqi forces. Some of them historical in scope and size. Three of the battles at Norfolk, Medina Ridge, and 73 Easting are considered among the largest tank battles in history. By the end of combat operations on 28 February 1991, U.S. VII Corps had driven 260 kilometres (160 mi), captured 22,000 Iraqi soldiers, and destroyed 1,350 Iraqi tanks, 1,224 armored personnel carriers, 285 artillery pieces, 105 air defense systems, and 1,229 trucks. 4835:, and one missile was fired at Bahrain and another at Qatar. The missiles were fired at both military and civilian targets. One Saudi civilian was killed, and 78 others were injured. No casualties were reported in Bahrain or Qatar. The Saudi government issued all its citizens and expatriates with gas masks in the event of Iraq using missiles with warheads containing chemical weapons. The government broadcast alerts and 'all clear' messages over television to warn citizens during Scud attacks. 4391:, displaced in a Sheraton hotel outside his invaded country, easily agreed. Baker then moved to enter talks with Egypt, whose leadership he considered "the moderate voice of the Middle East". President Mubarak of Egypt was furious with Saddam for his invasion of Kuwait, and for the fact that Saddam had assured Mubarak that an invasion was not his intention. Egypt received approximately $ 7 billion in debt forgiveness for its providing of support and troops for the US-led intervention. 3895: 6420: 5019: 1038: 1026: 1014: 316: 26995: 7327: 616: 6368: 1002: 990: 978: 966: 954: 942: 930: 918: 906: 302: 4778: 4046:, to review US options. It was determined that the conflict would likely spread into Saudi Arabia and other Persian Gulf states, but that the United States had little capability to defend the region. Furthermore, it was determined that a prolonged war in the region would induce much higher oil prices and threaten the fragile recovery of the world economy, which was just beginning to gain momentum. On 22 May 1984, President Reagan was briefed on the project conclusions in the 7419: 5133: 4967: 17242: 7576:(GPS) units were relatively new at the time and were important in enabling coalition units to easily navigate across the desert. Since military GPS receivers were not available for most troops, many used commercially available units. To permit these to be used to best effect, the "selective availability" feature of the GPS system was turned off for the duration of Desert Storm, allowing these commercial receivers to provide the same precision as the military equipment. 74: 6447: 1182: 1170: 1158: 1146: 1134: 1122: 1110: 1098: 772: 343: 3813:

We know that you can harm us although we do not threaten you. But we too can harm you. Everyone can cause harm according to their ability and their size. We cannot come all the way to you in the United States, but individual Arabs may reach you ... We do not place America among the enemies. We place it where we want our friends to be and we try to be friends. But repeated American statements last year made it apparent that America did not regard us as friends.

629: 4667: 26940: 23768: 23732: 21402: 20234: 5736:. However, when no US support came, Iraqi generals remained loyal to Saddam and brutally crushed the Kurdish uprising and the uprising in the south. Millions of Kurds fled across the mountains to Turkey and Kurdish areas of Iran. On April 5, the Iraqi government announced "the complete crushing of acts of sedition, sabotage and rioting in all towns of Iraq." An estimated 25,000 to 100,000 Iraqis were killed in the uprisings. These events later resulted in 448: 5681: 590: 4198:

conflict and in particular to the Palestinian problem by convening, at an appropriate moment, an international conference" to assure "the security, stability and development of this region of the world." The French proposal was supported by Belgium (at the moment one of the rotating Council members), Germany, Spain, Italy, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and several non-aligned states. The US, the UK, and the Soviet Union rejected it; US Ambassador to the UN

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alpha particles emitted by its isotopes travel only a few centimeters in air or can be stopped by a sheet of paper. Also, the uranium-235 that remains in depleted uranium emits only a small amount of low-energy gamma radiation. However, if allowed to enter the body, depleted uranium, like natural uranium, has the potential for both chemical and radiological toxicity with the two important target organs being the kidneys and the lungs.

4870: 4430: 3712:. According to oil workers in the area, Iraq's slant drilling claim was fabricated, as "oil flows easily from the Rumaila field without any need for these techniques." At the same time, Saddam looked for closer ties with those Arab states that had supported Iraq in the war. This move was supported by the US, who believed that Iraqi ties with pro-Western Gulf states would help bring and maintain Iraq inside the US' sphere of influence. 6622: 1086: 1074: 850: 369: 3843: 655: 525: 330: 3242:, adopted on 29 November 1990, gave Iraq an ultimatum, expiring on 15 January 1991, to implement Resolution 660 and withdraw from Kuwait, with member-states empowered to use "all necessary means" to force Iraq's compliance. Initial efforts to dislodge the Iraqis from Kuwait began with aerial and naval bombardment of Iraq on 17 January, which continued for five weeks. As the Iraqi military struggled against the coalition attacks, 6573: 6548: 6473: 1230: 1218: 1206: 1194: 837: 733: 642: 356: 26971: 20282: 512: 824: 5075: 707: 6498: 1062: 1050: 21422: 6647: 3774:, including that policy moves were costing Iraq $ 1 billion a year, that Kuwait was still using the Rumaila oil field, and that loans made by the UAE and Kuwait could not be considered debts to its "Arab brothers". He threatened force against Kuwait and the UAE, saying: "The policies of some Arab rulers are American ... They are inspired by America to undermine Arab interests and security." The US sent 564: 27007: 6597: 811: 4715: 21432: 3822:

Normally that would not be any of our business. But when this happens in the context of what you said on your national day, then when we read the details in the two letters of the Foreign Minister, then when we see the Iraqi point of view that the measures taken by the UAE and Kuwait is, in the final analysis, parallel to military aggression against Iraq, then it would be reasonable for me to be concerned.

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breaking down sarin, the chance of GWI increased by 8.91 times. Those soldiers with both the RR genotype and low-level sarin exposure were over seven times more likely to get GWI due to the interaction per se, over and above the increase in risk from both risk factors acting alone. For genetic epidemiologists, this number leads to a high degree of confidence that sarin is a causative agent of GWI.

7380:(ODI) undertook a study in 1991 to assess the effects on developing states and the international community's response. A briefing paper finalized on the day that the conflict ended draws on their findings which had two main conclusions: Many developing states were severely affected and while there has been a considerable response to the crisis, the distribution of assistance was highly selective. 5179:

two brigade command posts and the command post of the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. The Task Force also captured a brigade commander, several battalion commanders, company commanders, and staff officers. As combat operations progressed Task Force 1–41 Infantry engaged at short range multiple dug in enemy tanks in ambush positions. For a few hours, bypassed Iraqi RPG-equipped anti-tank teams,

6103:, in the United Arab Emirates. During the 42 days of war, Italian fighters made 226 sorties for a total of 589 flight hours. The Italian Air Force recorded the loss of a single aircraft in the Gulf War. The use of Italian aircraft as part of the Desert Storm operation represented the first operational employment in combat missions of Italian Air Force aircraft since the end of World War II. 6719:(his remains were found and identified in August 2009). A further 145 Americans died in non-combat accidents. The UK suffered 47 deaths (nine to friendly fire, all by US forces), France nine, and the other countries, not including Kuwait, suffered 37 deaths (18 Saudis, one Egyptian, six UAE and three Qataris). At least 605 Kuwaiti soldiers were still missing 10 years after their capture. 5503: 5640:

to flee westward and prevented the escape of Iraqi forces. The 101st Airborne Division travelled a further 80 to 100 km (50 to 60 mi) into Iraq. By nightfall, the 101st cut off Highway 8 which was a vital supply line running between Basra and the Iraqi forces. The 101st had lost 16 soldiers in action during the 100-hour war and captured thousands of enemy prisoners of war.

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Iraq to "gain full control of the Rumaila oil field that extends slightly into Kuwaiti territory". The proposal also "include offers to negotiate an oil agreement with the United States 'satisfactory to both nations' national security interests,' develop a joint plan 'to alleviate Iraq's economical and financial problems' and 'jointly work on the stability of the gulf.'"

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484 combat aircraft and 232 combat helicopters. According to Michael Knights, a high estimate shows the Iraqi Army capable of fielding one million troops and 850,000 reservists, 5,500 tanks, 3,000 artillery pieces, 700 combat aircraft and helicopters; it held 53 divisions, 20 special-forces brigades, and several regional militias, and had a strong air defense.

4091:, condemning the invasion and demanding a withdrawal of Iraqi troops. On 3 August 1990, the Arab League passed its own resolution, which called for a solution to the conflict from within the league, and warned against outside intervention. Iraq and Libya were the only two Arab League states that opposed the resolution for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait; the 5795:, he faced a population divided between those who stayed and those who fled, a government straining to reassert control and a rejuvenated opposition that is pressing for greater democracy and other postwar changes, including voting rights for women. Democracy advocates had been calling for restoration of Parliament that the Emir had suspended in 1986. 4232:. Control of these fields, along with Kuwaiti and Iraqi reserves, would have given Saddam control over the majority of the world's oil reserves. Iraq also had a number of grievances with Saudi Arabia. The Saudis had lent Iraq some 26 billion dollars during its war with Iran. The Saudis had backed Iraq in that war, as they feared the influence of 5560:

lines to gather intelligence on the movements of Scud mobile missile launchers, which could not be detected from the air, as they were hidden under bridges and camouflage netting during the day. Other objectives included the destruction of the launchers and their fiber-optic communications arrays that lay in pipelines and relayed coordinates to the

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operations resulted in the destruction of 50 enemy tanks, 139 APCs, 30 air defense systems, 152 artillery pieces, 27 missile launchers, 108 mortars, and 548 wheeled vehicles, 61 trench lines and bunker positions, 92 dug in and open infantry targets, and 34 logistical sites. The ground campaign consisted of three or possibly four of the largest

6053:. Initially, the French operated independently under national command and control, but coordinated closely with the Americans (via CENTCOM) and Saudis. In January, the Division was placed under the tactical control of the XVIII Airborne Corps. France also deployed several combat aircraft and naval units. The French called their contribution 4426:(which was brokered essentially by the United States) prohibited military involvement outside Germany's borders, Kohl committed a two billion dollar contribution to the coalition's war effort, as well as further economic and military support of coalition ally Turkey, and the transportation of Egyptian soldiers and ships to the Persian Gulf. 5150:

Iraqi outposts and patrols belonging to the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. The two divisions also began capturing prisoners. The 1st Infantry Division cleared a zone between Phase Line Vermont and Phase Line Kansas. Once the 1st Infantry Division's 3rd Battalion, 37th Armor reached the Iraqi rear defensive positions it destroyed an Iraqi

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was preceded by a heavy artillery and rocket barrage, after which 150,000 troops and 1,500 tanks began their advance. Iraqi forces in Kuwait counterattacked against US troops, acting on a direct order from Saddam Hussein himself. Despite the intense combat, the Americans repulsed the Iraqis and continued to advance towards Kuwait City.

5729:. The rebellions were encouraged by an airing of "The Voice of Free Iraq" on 24 February 1991, which was broadcast from a CIA-run radio station out of Saudi Arabia. The Arabic service of the Voice of America supported the uprising by stating that the rebellion was well supported, and that they would soon be liberated from Saddam. 5384:. The battle featured the "Reveille Engagement" which went on to become the largest tank battle in United States Marine Corps' entire history. Marine Reserve unit Bravo Company, 4th Tank Battalion, 4th Marine division was assigned to the 2nd Marine Division. Bravo Company destroyed a total of 119 enemy vehicles and took over 800 6795:, summarized testimony this committee had received establishing that the U.S. had in the 1980s supplied Saddam Hussein with chemical and biological warfare technology, that Saddam had used such chemical weapons against Iran and his own native Kurds, and possibly against U.S. soldiers as well, plausibly contributing to the GWS. 3967:, or had escaped to Saudi Arabia. The Emir and key ministers fled south along the highway for refuge in Saudi Arabia. Iraqi ground forces consolidated their control of Kuwait City, then headed south and redeployed along the Saudi border. After the decisive Iraqi victory, Saddam initially installed a puppet regime known as the " 7364:

Persian Gulf; $ 16 billion by Germany and Japan (which sent no combat forces due to their constitutions). About 25% of Saudi Arabia's contribution was paid with in-kind services to the troops, such as food and transportation. US troops represented about 74% of the combined force, and the global cost was therefore higher.

4696:, were surprisingly ineffective against enemy aircraft, and the coalition suffered only 75 aircraft losses in over 100,000 sorties, 44 due to Iraqi action. Two of these losses are the result of aircraft colliding with the ground while evading Iraqi ground-fired weapons. One of these losses is a confirmed air-air victory. 4756:. Approximately 230 Israelis were injured. Extensive property damage was also caused, and, according to the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "Damage to general property consisted of 1,302 houses, 6,142 apartments, 23 public buildings, 200 shops and 50 cars." It was feared that Iraq would fire missiles filled with 103: 10621: 5145:

Division with the 1st Battalion, 5th Cavalry, 1st Battalion, 32nd Armor, and the 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry destroyed Iraqi bunkers and combat vehicles in the sector of the Iraqi 25th Infantry Division. On 24 February 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division rolled through the breach in the Iraqi defense west of

4095:(PLO) opposed it as well. The Arab states of Yemen and Jordan – a Western ally which bordered Iraq and relied on the country for economic support – opposed military intervention from non-Arab states. Separately, Sudan, also an Arab League member, aligned itself with Saddam. 8124:

US General Accounting Office, 10 January 1992. Quote: "According to information provided by the Army's Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, 20 Bradleys were destroyed during the Gulf war. Another 12 Bradleys were damaged, but four of these were quickly repaired. Friendly fire

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were heralded as key in allowing military strikes to be made with a minimum of civilian casualties compared to previous wars, although they were not used as often as more traditional, less accurate bombs. Specific buildings in downtown Baghdad could be bombed while journalists in their hotels watched

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reported, "Bradley Fighting Vehicles and Vulcan armored carriers straddled the trench lines and fired into the Iraqi soldiers as the tanks covered them with mounds of sand. 'I came through right after the lead company,' Moreno said. 'What you saw was a bunch of buried trenches with peoples' arms and

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mounted on tanks and combat earthmovers to simply plow over and bury alive the defending Iraqi soldiers. Not a single American was killed during the attack. Reporters were banned from witnessing the attack, near the neutral zone that touches the border between Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Every American in

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effects. Many have cited its use during the war as a contributing factor to a number of major health issues in veterans and in surrounding civilian populations, including in birth defects and child cancer rates. Scientific opinion on the risk is mixed. In 2004, Iraq had the highest mortality rate due

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took part in de-mining Kuwait's port facilities following the end of combat operations. Australian forces experienced a number of incidents in the first number of weeks of the Desert Storm Campaign including the detection of significant air threats from Iraq as a part of the outer perimeter of Battle

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Coalition members included Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal,

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On 16 February 1991 several groups of Iraqi vehicles appeared to be performing reconnaissance on the Task Force and were driven away by fire from 4–3 FA. Another enemy platoon, including six vehicles, was reported as being to the northeast of the Task Force. They were engaged with artillery fire from

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Among many other means of influencing US opinion, such as distributing books on Iraqi atrocities to US soldiers deployed in the region, "Free Kuwait" T-shirts and speakers to college campuses, and dozens of video news releases to television stations, the firm arranged for an appearance before a group

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On 23 August, Saddam appeared on state television with Western hostages to whom he had refused exit visas. In the video, he asks a young British boy, Stuart Lockwood, whether he is getting his milk, and goes on to say, through his interpreter, "We hope your presence as guests here will not be for too

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By 1988, at the end of the Iran–Iraq war, the Iraqi Army was the world's fourth largest army, consisting of 955,000 standing soldiers and 650,000 paramilitary forces in the Popular Army. According to John Childs and André Corvisier, a low estimate shows the Iraqi Army capable of fielding 4,500 tanks,

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I know you need funds. We understand that and our opinion is that you should have the opportunity to rebuild your country. But we have no opinion on the Arab-Arab conflicts, like your border disagreement with Kuwait ... Frankly, we can only see that you have deployed massive troops in the south.

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quotas for oil production. In order for the cartel to maintain its desired price of $ 18 per barrel, discipline was required. The United Arab Emirates and Kuwait were consistently overproducing; the latter at least in part to repair losses caused by Iranian attacks in the Iran–Iraq War and to pay for

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to provoke an Israeli military response, with the expectation that such a response would lead to the withdrawal of several Muslim-majority countries from the coalition. The provocation was unsuccessful; Israel did not retaliate and Iraq continued to remain at odds with most Muslim-majority countries.

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International response to the crisis on developing states came with the channeling of aid through The Gulf Crisis Financial Co-ordination Group. They were 24 states, comprising most of the OECD countries plus some Gulf states: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Kuwait. The members of this

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have both alleged that they were tortured during this time. Nichol and Peters were forced to make statements against the war on television. Members of British Special Air Service Bravo Two Zero were captured while providing information about an Iraqi supply line of Scud missiles to coalition forces.

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During the conflict, coalition aircrew shot down over Iraq were displayed as prisoners of war on TV, most with visible signs of abuse. Amongst several testimonies to poor treatment, USAF Captain Richard Storr was allegedly tortured by Iraqis during the Persian Gulf War. Iraqi secret police broke his

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due to harassment and intimidation by Iraqi security forces, in addition to getting fired from work by Iraqi authority figures in Kuwait. After the Gulf War, the Kuwaiti authorities forcibly pressured nearly 200,000 Palestinians to leave Kuwait in 1991. Kuwait's policy, which led to this exodus, was

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alleges that US forces attempted to cover up the incident. After the incident, the commander of the 1st Brigade said: "I know burying people like that sounds pretty nasty, but it would be even nastier if we had to put our troops in the trenches and clean them out with bayonets." Secretary of Defense

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Depleted uranium has 40% less radioactivity than natural uranium, but the negative effects should not be overlooked. Depleted uranium is not a significant health hazard unless it is taken into the body. External exposure to radiation from depleted uranium is generally not a major concern because the

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led to controversy over the number of civilian deaths caused during Desert Storm's initial stages. Within Desert Storm's first 24 hours, more than 1,000 sorties were flown, many against targets in Baghdad. The city was the target of heavy bombing, as it was the seat of power for Saddam and the Iraqi

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And the final point that I think needs to be made is this question of casualties. I don't think you could have done all of that without significant additional US casualties, and while everybody was tremendously impressed with the low cost of the (1991) conflict, for the 146 Americans who were killed

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The French force quickly overcame Iraq's 45th Infantry Division, suffering light casualties and taking a large number of prisoners, and took up blocking positions to prevent an Iraqi counterattack on the coalition's flank. The movement's right flank was protected by the United Kingdom's 1st Armoured

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took place inside Iraq; this was the first of two attacks by 1 Battalion 5th Cavalry of the 1st Cavalry Division. It was a feint attack, designed to make the Iraqis think that a coalition invasion would take place from the south. The Iraqis fiercely resisted, and the Americans eventually withdrew as

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The war's ground phase was officially designated Operation Desert Saber. The first units to move into Iraq were three patrols of the British Special Air Service's B squadron, call signs Bravo One Zero, Bravo Two Zero, and Bravo Three Zero, in late January. These eight-man patrols landed behind Iraqi

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The 1st Infantry Division's Task Force 2–16 Infantry cleared four lanes simultaneously through an enemy fortified trench system while inflicting heavy casualties on Iraqi forces. Task Force 2–16 continued the attack clearing over 21 km (13 mi) of entrenched enemy positions resulting in the

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The Scud missiles targeting Israel were relatively ineffective, as firing at extreme range resulted in a dramatic reduction in accuracy and payload. Two Israeli civilians died as a direct result of the missile attacks. Between 11 and 74 were killed from incorrect use of gas masks, heart attacks, and

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not to retaliate and withdraw Israeli jets, fearing that if Israel attacked Iraq, the other Arab states would either desert the coalition or join Iraq. It was also feared that if Israel used Syrian or Jordanian airspace to attack Iraq, they would intervene in the war on Iraq's side or attack Israel.

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A coalition of forces opposing Iraq's aggression was formed, consisting of forces from 42 countries: Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Morocco, the Netherlands, New

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and Arab League resolutions were passed regarding Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Resolution 678, passed on 29 November 1990, gave Iraq a withdrawal deadline until 15 January 1991 and authorized "all necessary means to uphold and implement Resolution 660", and a diplomatic formulation authorizing the use

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On 26 July 1990, only a few days before the Iraqi invasion, OPEC officials said that Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates had agreed to a proposal to limit their oil output to 1.5 million barrels (240,000 m) per day, "down from the nearly 2 million barrels a day they had each been pumping,"

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Oil formations frequently run beneath political boundaries, whether they involve unfriendly leaseholders in West Texas or neighboring Arab states, and procedures have existed for years to settle disputes that arise. Typically, participants in the same field share both production costs and revenues,

7383:

The ODI factored in elements of "cost" which included oil imports, remittance flows, re-settlement costs, loss of export earnings and tourism. For Egypt, the cost totaled $ 1 billion, 3% of GDP. Yemen had a cost of $ 830 million, 10% of GDP, while it cost Jordan $ 1.8 billion, 32% of

6753:

While the death toll among coalition forces engaging Iraqi combatants was very low, a substantial number of deaths were caused by accidental attacks from other Allied units. Of the 148 US troops who died in battle, 24% were killed by friendly fire, a total of 35 service personnel. A further 11 died

5661:

The coalition's advance was much swifter than US generals had expected. On 26 February, Iraqi troops began retreating from Kuwait, after they had set 737 of its oil wells on fire. A long convoy of retreating Iraqi troops formed along the main Iraq–Kuwait highway. Although they were retreating, this

5639:

conducted a combat air assault into enemy territory. The 101st Airborne Division had struck 249 km (155 mi) behind enemy lines. It was the deepest air assault operation in history. Approximately 400 helicopters transported 2,000 soldiers into Iraq where they destroyed Iraqi columns trying

5531:

and President Bush declared it liberated. However, an Iraqi unit at Kuwait International Airport appeared not to have received the message and fiercely resisted. US Marines had to fight for hours before securing the airport, after which Kuwait was declared secure. After four days of fighting, Iraqi

5522:

Despite the successes of coalition forces, it was feared that the Iraqi Republican Guard would escape into Iraq before it could be destroyed. It was decided to send British armored forces into Kuwait 15 hours ahead of schedule, and to send US forces after the Republican Guard. The coalition advance

5448:

Iraq was represented mostly by its own VII Corps and its Jihad Corps. Its most notable participants were its elite Republican Guard Divisions Tawakalna, Medina, Hammurabi, and Adnan. The first three of these had a strength of over 660 tanks, 660 infantry fighting vehicles, and thousands of antitank

5388:

by the end of combat operations. The 1st Tank Battalion claimed 50 Iraqi T-55 and T-62 tanks and 25 APCs. The 3rd Battalion claimed 57 T-55s and T-62s along with 5 T-72s, 7 APCs, and 10 trucks. The 8th Battalion destroyed more than three dozen tanks and a number of other vehicles. U.S. Marine Corps

5178:

assets. A series of battles unfolded resulting in heavy Iraqi casualties and the Iraqis being removed from their defensive positions with many becoming prisoners of war. Some escaped to be killed or captured by other coalition forces. In the process of clearing the bunkers, Task Force 1–41 captured

4725:

Iraq's government made no secret that it would attack Israel if invaded. Prior to the war's start, in the aftermath of the failed US–Iraq peace talks in Geneva, Switzerland, a reporter asked Iraq's English-speaking Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz: "Mr. Foreign Minister, if war

4631:

of three brothers, after which their bodies were stacked and left to decay in a public street. Iraqi troops also ransacked and looted private Kuwaiti homes; one residence was repeatedly defecated in. A resident later commented: "The whole thing was violence for the sake of violence, destruction for

4598:

The story helped tip both the public and Congress towards a war with Iraq: six Congressmen said the testimony was enough for them to support military action against Iraq and seven Senators referenced the testimony in debate. The Senate supported the military actions in a 52–47 vote. However, a year

4494:

made the first of several visits to Saudi Arabia where King Fahd requested US military assistance. During a speech in a special joint session of the US Congress given on 11 September 1990, Bush summed up the reasons with the following remarks: "Within three days, 120,000 Iraqi troops with 850 tanks

3908:

Iraqi commandos infiltrated the Kuwaiti border first to prepare for the major units, which began the attack at midnight. The Iraqi attack had two prongs, with the primary attack force driving south straight for Kuwait City down the main highway, and a supporting attack force entering Kuwait farther

3812:

So what can it mean when America says it will now protect its friends? It can only mean prejudice against Iraq. This stance plus maneuvers and statements which have been made has encouraged the UAE and Kuwait to disregard Iraqi rights ... If you use pressure, we will deploy pressure and force.

14113:

For Gulf War veterans with the QQ genotype, hearing nerve agent alarms—a proxy for chemical exposure—raised their chance of developing GWI by 3.75 times. For those with the QR genotype, the alarms raised their chance of GWI by 4.43 times. And for those with two copies of the R gene, inefficient at

6790:

In 1994, the US Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs with Respect to Export Administration published a report entitled, "U.S. Chemical and Biological Warfare-Related Dual Use Exports to Iraq and their Possible Impact on the Health Consequences of the Gulf War". This publication,

5775:

And the question in my mind is, how many additional American casualties is Saddam worth? And the answer is, not that damned many. So, I think we got it right, both when we decided to expel him from Kuwait, but also when the President made the decision that we'd achieved our objectives and we were

5688:

In coalition-occupied Iraqi territory, a peace conference was held where a ceasefire agreement was negotiated and signed by both sides. At the conference, Iraq was authorized to fly armed helicopters on their side of the temporary border, ostensibly for government transit due to the damage done to

5518:

US decoy attacks by air attacks and naval gunfire the night before Kuwait's liberation were designed to make the Iraqis believe the main coalition ground attack would focus on central Kuwait. For months, American units in Saudi Arabia had been under almost constant Iraqi artillery fire, as well as

5157:

Task Force 1–41 Infantry was given the task of breaching Iraq's initial defensive positions along the Iraq–Saudi Arabia border. The 1st Squadron, 4th Armored Cavalry Regiment handled similar responsibilities in its sector of operations. The 1st Infantry Division's 5th Battalion, 16th Infantry also

5149:

and also cleared the northeastern sector of the breach site of enemy resistance. Task Force 3–37th Armor breached the Iraqi defense clearing four passage lanes and expanding the gap under direct enemy fire. Also on 24 February the 1st Infantry Division along with the 1st Cavalry Division destroyed

4768:

to its citizens. When the first Iraqi missiles hit Israel, some people injected themselves with an antidote for nerve gas. It has been suggested that the sturdy construction techniques used in Israeli cities, coupled with the fact that Scuds were only launched at night, played an important role in

4476:

Many of the coalition countries were reluctant to commit military forces. Some felt that the war was an internal Arab affair or did not want to increase US influence in the Middle East. In the end, however, many governments were persuaded by Iraq's belligerence towards other Arab states, offers of

4149:

by an unidentified Iraqi official. The official communicated to the White House that Iraq would "withdraw from Kuwait and allow foreigners to leave" provided that the UN lifted sanctions, allowed "guaranteed access to the Persian Gulf through the Kuwaiti islands of Bubiyan and Warbah", and allowed

7363:

The cost of the war to the United States was calculated by the US Congress in April 1992 to be $ 61.1 billion (equivalent to $ 119 billion in 2023). About $ 52 billion of that amount was paid by other countries: $ 36 billion by Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and other Arab states of the

7346:

had been placed in areas around the oil wells, and a military cleaning of the areas was necessary before the fires could be put out. Somewhere around 6 million barrels (950,000 m) of oil were lost each day. Eventually, privately contracted crews extinguished the fires, at a total cost of US$

7057:

Many of the targets were chosen only secondarily to contribute to the military defeat of Iraq ... Military planners hoped the bombing would amplify the economic and psychological impact of international sanctions on Iraqi society ... They deliberately did great harm to Iraq's ability to

6327:, estimated that "at least 65,000 Iraqi soldiers were killed". A figure was supported by Israeli sources who speak of "one to two hundred thousand Iraqi casualties." Most of the killing "took place during the ground war. Fleeing soldiers were bombed with a device known as a 'fuel-air explosive.'" 5576:

of the 1st Cavalry Division of the US Army performed a direct attack into Iraq on 15 February 1991, followed by one in force on 20 February that led directly through seven Iraqi divisions which were caught off guard. On 17 January 1991 the 101st Airborne Division Aviation Regiment fired the first

5564:

operators launching attacks against Israel. The operations were designed to prevent any possible Israeli intervention. Due to lack of sufficient ground cover to carry out their assignment, One Zero and Three Zero abandoned their operations, while Two Zero remained, and was later compromised, with

5481:

The Iraqis suffered the loss of over 3,000 tanks and over 2,000 other combat vehicles during these battles against the American-led coalition. It is estimated that Iraqi forces suffered 20,000–50,000 troops killed during combat operations. It is also estimated that over 75,000 Iraqi soldiers were

4812:

Coalition air forces were also extensively exercised in "Scud hunts" in the Iraqi desert, trying to locate the camouflaged trucks before they fired their missiles at Israel or Saudi Arabia. On the ground, special operations forces also infiltrated Iraq, tasked with locating and destroying Scuds –

4485:

The US and the UN gave several public justifications for involvement in the conflict, the most prominent being the Iraqi violation of Kuwaiti territorial integrity. In addition, the US moved to support its ally Saudi Arabia, whose importance in the region, and as a key supplier of oil, made it of

4118:

The US administration had at first been indecisive with an "undertone ... of resignation to the invasion and even adaptation to it as a fait accompli" until the UK's prime minister Margaret Thatcher played a powerful role, reminding the President that appeasement in the 1930s had led to war, that

6810:

link between GWS and exposure to low levels of the nerve agent sarin, which was released into the air by coalition bombing of Iraqi chemical weapons facilities. Significantly, the study found an increased incidence of GWS not only among veterans who recounted hearing nerve agent alarms, but also

5647:

Unlike many previous engagements, the destruction of the first Iraqi tanks did not result in a mass surrender. The Iraqis suffered massive losses and lost dozens of tanks and vehicles, while US casualties were comparatively low, with a single Bradley knocked out. Coalition forces pressed another

5589:

The coalition rejected the proposal, but said that retreating Iraqi forces would not be attacked, and gave 24 hours for Iraq to withdraw its forces. On 23 February, fighting resulted in the capture of 500 Iraqi soldiers. On 24 February, British and American armored forces crossed the Iraq–Kuwait

5245:

A 90,000 round artillery preparation fire on Iraqi defensive positions preceded the major ground assault, lasting 2.5 hours. 1st Infantry Division Artillery, which included 4-3 FA battalion, was decisive during artillery combat operations performing multiple raids and fire missions. These combat

5065:

at the Iraqi formation destroying one tank. The rest of the formation was destroyed or driven away by artillery fire from 4–3 FA. On 17 February 1991 the Task Force took enemy mortar fire, but the enemy forces managed to escape. Later that evening the Task Force received enemy artillery fire but

4997:

The Battle of Khafji was an example of how air power could single-handedly hinder the advance of enemy ground forces. Upon learning of Iraqi troop movements, 140 coalition aircraft were diverted to attack an advancing column consisting of two armored divisions in battalion-sized units. Precision

4262:

policy, and out of fear the Iraqi Army could launch an invasion of Saudi Arabia, US President George H. W. Bush quickly announced that the US would launch a "wholly defensive" mission to prevent Iraq from invading Saudi Arabia, under the codename Operation Desert Shield. The operation began on 7

4059:

and, if necessary, released early if the oil market was disrupted; second, the United States needed to beef up the security of friendly Arab states in the region; and third, an embargo should be placed on sales of military equipment to Iran and Iraq. The plan was approved by President Reagan and

3996:

After the invasion, the Iraqi military looted over $ 1 billion in banknotes from Kuwait's Central Bank. At the same time, Saddam Hussein made the Kuwaiti dinar equal to the Iraqi dinar, thereby lowering the Kuwaiti currency to one-twelfth of its original value. In response, Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad

3628:

to prevent Iran from forcing a surrender. In a US bid to open full diplomatic relations with Iraq, the country was removed from the US list of State Sponsors of Terrorism. Ostensibly, this was because of improvement in the regime's record, although former US Assistant Defense Secretary Noel Koch

6931:

reporter Maureen Dowd wrote, "With the Iraqi leader facing military defeat, Mr. Bush decided that he would rather gamble on a violent and potentially unpopular ground war than risk the alternative: an imperfect settlement hammered out by the Soviets and Iraqis that world opinion might accept as

5440:

The British 1st Armoured Division was responsible for protecting the right flank of VII Corps. It was assumed by the Corps' planners the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division would counterattack VII Corps once their penetration into Iraqi defenses was discovered. The British 1st Armoured Division had two

4383:

To ensure that the US received economic backing, James Baker went on an 11-day journey to nine countries in September 1990, which the press dubbed "The Tin Cup Trip". The first stop was Saudi Arabia, which a month before had already granted permission to the United States to use its facilities.

7804:) or as January 1991 (the start of Operation Desert Storm, when the US-led coalition forced Iraq out of Kuwait), so that the war is also often called the 1991 Gulf War, the 1990–1991 Gulf War, the 1990s Gulf War, etc ... This dating is also used to distinguish it from the other two 'Gulf Wars'. 7788:(1980–1988) is referred to as the First (Persian) Gulf War (English language sources prior to the start of the Kuwait war in 1990 usually called it the Gulf War), which would make the 1990 war the Second (Persian) Gulf War. Different sources may call the conflicts by different names. The name ' 6312:

A United Nations report in March 1991 described the effect on Iraq of the US-led bombing campaign as "near apocalyptic", bringing back Iraq to the "pre-industrial age." The exact number of Iraqi combat casualties is unknown, but is believed to have been heavy. Some estimate that Iraq sustained

5666:. Thousands of Iraqi troops were killed. American, British, and French forces continued to pursue retreating Iraqi forces over the border and back into Iraq, eventually moving to within 240 km (150 mi) of Baghdad, before withdrawing back to Iraq's border with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 5265:

The U.S. VII Corps was the primary combat formation of the coalition forces. It was a formidable fighting force consisting of 1,487 tanks, 1,384 infantry fighting vehicles, 568 artillery pieces, 132 MLRS, 8 missile launchers, and 242 attack helicopters. It had a total troop strength of 146,321

5144:

On 24 February 1991 the 1st Cavalry Division conducted a couple artillery missions against Iraqi artillery units. One artillery mission struck a series of Iraqi bunkers, reinforced by Iraqi T-55 tanks, in the sector of the Iraqi 25th Infantry Division. The same day the 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry

4729:

Five hours after the first attacks, Iraq's state radio broadcast declared that "The dawn of victory nears as this great showdown begins." Iraq fired eight missiles the next day. These missile attacks were to continue throughout the war. Iraq fired 88 Scud missiles during the war's seven weeks.

4197:

On 14 January 1991, France proposed that the UN Security Council call for "a rapid and massive withdrawal" from Kuwait along with a statement to Iraq that Council members would bring their "active contribution" to a settlement of the region's other problems, "in particular, of the Arab–Israeli

4134:

On 12 August 1990, Saddam "propose that all cases of occupation, and those cases that have been portrayed as occupation, in the region, be resolved simultaneously". Specifically, he called for Israel to withdraw from occupied territories in Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon, Syria to withdraw from

7070:

he Iraqi people, who were not consulted about the invasion, have paid the price for their government's madness ... Iraqis understood the legitimacy of a military action to drive their army from Kuwait, but they have had difficulty comprehending the Allied rationale for using air power to

6266:

study released in June 1991 predicted that there would be tens of thousands of additional Iraqi civilian deaths by the end of 1991 due to the "public health catastrophe" caused by the destruction of the country's electrical generating capacity. "Without electricity, hospitals cannot function,

6145:

in Saudi Arabia and Naval Air Squadrons from various vessels in the Persian Gulf. The United Kingdom played a major role in the Battle of Norfolk, where its forces destroyed over 200 Iraqi tanks and a large quantity of other vehicles. After 48 hours of combat the British 1st Armoured Division

5111:

By the end of these raids Iraqi artillery assets had all but ceased to exist. One Iraqi unit that was totally destroyed during the preparation was the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division Artillery Group. The group's commander stated his unit lost 83 of its 100 guns to the artillery preparation. This

5098:

Task Force 1–41 Infantry was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991 and conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991. Prior to this action the Task Force's primary fire support

4114:

to enforce the sanctions. It said the "use of measures commensurate to the specific circumstances as may be necessary ... to halt all inward and outward maritime shipping in order to inspect and verify their cargoes and destinations and to ensure strict implementation of resolution 661."

6926:

aircraft observed the retreating forces and relayed the information to the DDM-8 air operations center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. These vehicles and the retreating soldiers were subsequently attacked by two A-10 aircraft, resulting in a 60 kilometres (37 mi) stretch of highway strewn with

3601: 3731:

Iraq's relations with its Arab neighbors, particularly Egypt, were degraded by mounting violence in Iraq against expatriate groups, who were well-employed during the war, by unemployed Iraqis, among them demobilized soldiers. These events drew little notice outside the Arab world because of

4624:, which had originally promoted an account alleging even greater numbers of babies torn from incubators than the original fake testimony. After finding no evidence to support it, the organization issued a retraction. President Bush then repeated the incubator allegations on television. 4450:

Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was the largest coalition since

5644:

Division. Once the allies had penetrated deep into Iraqi territory, they turned eastward, launching a flank attack against the elite Republican Guard before it could escape. The Iraqis resisted fiercely from dug-in positions and stationary vehicles, and even mounted armored charges.

5790:

returned to Kuwait, staying at the private home of a wealthy Kuwaiti as his own palace had been destroyed. He was met with a symbolic arrival with several dozens cars filled with people honking their horns and waving Kuwaiti flags who tried to follow the Emir's convoy. According to

5124:

and B-52 bombers conducted raids against Iraq's 110th Infantry Brigade. The 1st Engineer Battalion and 9th Engineer Battalion marked and proofed assault lanes under direct and indirect enemy fire to secure a foothold in enemy territory and pass the 1st Infantry Division and the

4185:

Ultimately, the US and UK stuck to their position that there would be no negotiations until Iraq withdrew from Kuwait and that they should not grant Iraq concessions, lest they give the impression that Iraq benefited from its military campaign. Also, when US Secretary of State

3829:

According to Glaspie's own account, she stated in reference to the precise border between Kuwait and Iraq, "... that she had served in Kuwait 20 years before; 'then, as now, we took no position on these Arab affairs'." Glaspie similarly believed that war was not imminent.

6280:, which stated that the "IST survey probably understated the level of child mortality that prevailed during 1985–1990 and overstated the level during 1991." According to this study, "there was no major rise in child mortality in Iraq after 1990". A report published in 2002 by 7496:

Alternative media outlets provided views opposing the war. Deep Dish Television compiled segments from independent producers in the US and abroad, and produced a 10-hour series that was distributed internationally, called The Gulf Crisis TV Project. The series' first program

5262:. The U.S. 3rd Armored Division also fought a significant battle at Objective Dorset not far from where the Battle of Norfolk was taking place. The U.S. 3rd Armored Division destroyed approximately 300 enemy combat vehicles during this particular encounter with Iraqi forces. 6251:

Saddam's government gave high civilian casualty to draw support from Islamic countries. The Iraqi government claimed that 2,300 civilians died during the air campaign. According to the Project on Defense Alternatives study, 3,664 Iraqi civilians were killed in the conflict.

3867:

The result of the Jeddah talks was an Iraqi demand for $ 10 billion to cover the lost revenues from Rumaila; Kuwait offered $ 500 million. The Iraqi response was to immediately order an invasion, which started on 2 August 1990 with the bombing of Kuwait's capital,

6275:

by researchers known as the International Study Team (IST), child mortality increased threefold as a result of the war, with 46,900 children under the age of 5 dying between January and August 1991. However, these figures have been challenged by a 2017 study published in

6323:, "For the Iraqi people, the cost of enforcing the will of the United Nations has been grotesque." General Schwarzkopf talked about "a very, very large number of dead in these units, a very, very large number indeed." The chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, 3997:

al-Sabah ruled the banknotes as invalid and refused to reimburse stolen notes, which became worthless because of a UN embargo. After the conflict ended, many of the stolen banknotes made their way back into circulation. Today, the stolen banknotes are a collectible for

3687:

agreement in 1899 that assigned responsibility for Kuwait's foreign affairs to the United Kingdom. The UK drew the border between Kuwait and Iraq in 1922, making Iraq almost entirely landlocked. Kuwait rejected Iraqi attempts to secure further provisions in the region.

3719:, strong during the war, would be maintained. A pact of non-interference and non-aggression was signed between the countries, followed by a Kuwaiti-Iraqi deal for Iraq to supply Kuwait with water for drinking and irrigation, although a request for Kuwait to lease Iraq 7338:

setting fire to 700 oil wells as part of a scorched earth policy while retreating from Kuwait in 1991 after conquering the country but being driven out by coalition forces. The fires started in January and February 1991, and the last one was extinguished by November.

4398:. Assad had a deep personal enmity towards Saddam, which was defined by the fact that "Saddam had been trying to kill him for years." Harboring this animosity and impressed with Baker's diplomatic initiative to visit Damascus (relations had been severed since the 4033:

A key element of US political, military and energy economic planning occurred in early 1984. The Iran–Iraq war had been going on for five years by that time and both sides sustained significant casualties, reaching into the hundreds of thousands. Within President

7635:

The US Patriot missile was used in combat for the first time. The US military claimed a high effectiveness against Scuds at the time, but later analysis gives figures as low as 9%, with 45% of the 158 Patriot launches being against debris or false targets. The

5928:

blockade and sea control effort of the Persian Gulf. The success of "Operación Alfil" (English: "Operation Bishop") with more than 700 interceptions and 25,000 nautical miles (46,000 km) sailed in the theatre of operations helped to overcome the so-called

7239:

The draining occurred in Iraq and to a smaller degree in Iran between the 1950s and 1990s to clear large areas of the marshes. Formerly covering an area of around 20,000 km (7,700 sq mi), the large complex of wetlands was 90% drained before the

6734:. In all, 190 coalition troops were killed by Iraqi fire during the war, 113 of whom were American, out of 358 coalition deaths. Another 44 soldiers were killed and 57 wounded by friendly fire. 145 soldiers died of exploding munitions or non-combat accidents. 10870:

Sources: Gulf War Airpower Survey, Vol. 5; Norman Friedman, Desert Victory; World Air Power Journal. Additionally, Mark Bovankovich and LT Chuck Chase offered corrections and several intriguing details on these incidents. All errors, however, remain entirely

4406:), Assad agreed to pledge up to 100,000 Syrian troops to the coalition effort. This was a vital step in ensuring Arab states were represented in the coalition. In exchange, Washington gave al-Assad the green light to wipe out forces opposing Syria's rule in 3769:

was placed on alert. Saddam believed an anti-Iraq conspiracy was developing – Kuwait had begun talks with Iran, and Iraq's rival Syria had arranged a visit to Egypt. On 15 July 1990, Saddam's government laid out its combined objections to the

6313:

between 20,000 and 35,000 fatalities. A report commissioned by the US Air Force estimated 10,000–12,000 Iraqi combat deaths in the air campaign, and as many as 10,000 casualties in the ground war. This analysis is based on Iraqi prisoner of war reports.

4599:

after the war, this allegation was revealed to be a fabrication. The young woman who had testified was found to be a member of Kuwait's royal family and the daughter of Kuwait's ambassador to the US. She hadn't lived in Kuwait during the Iraqi invasion.

7631:

Scud missiles utilize inertial guidance which operates for the duration that the engines operate. Iraq used Scud missiles, launching them into both Saudi Arabia and Israel. Some missiles caused extensive casualties, while others caused little damage.

4267:, who had earlier called for US military assistance. This "wholly defensive" doctrine was quickly abandoned when, on 8 August, Iraq declared Kuwait to be Iraq's 19th province and Saddam named his cousin, Ali Hassan Al-Majid, as its military-governor. 4808:

also deployed a Patriot missile squadron to Israel and Turkey. The Dutch Defense Ministry later stated that the military use of the Patriot missile system was largely ineffective, but its psychological value for the affected populations was high.

3251:

were also largely unsuccessful, and on 24 February 1991, the coalition launched a major ground assault into Iraqi-occupied Kuwait. The offensive was a decisive victory for the coalition, who liberated Kuwait and promptly began to advance past the

6737:

The largest accident among coalition forces happened on 21 March 1991, when a Royal Saudi Air Force C-130H crashed in heavy smoke on approach to Ras Al-Mishab Airport, Saudi Arabia. 92 Senegalese soldiers and six Saudi crew members were killed.

4122:

Once persuaded, US officials insisted on a total Iraqi pullout from Kuwait, without any linkage to other Middle Eastern problems, accepting the British view that any concessions would strengthen Iraqi influence in the region for years to come.

4465:

was designated to be the commander of the coalition forces in the Persian Gulf area. The Soviet Union condemned Baghdad's aggression against Kuwait, but did not support the United States and allied intervention in Iraq and tried to avert it.

15867: 4384:

However, Baker believed that Saudi Arabia should assume some of the cost of the military efforts to defend it. When Baker asked King Fahd for $ 15 billion, the King readily agreed, with the promise that Baker ask Kuwait for the same amount.

7139:

Since Saudi Arabia houses Mecca and Medina, Islam's holiest sites, many Muslims were upset at the permanent military presence. The continued presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia after the war was one of the stated motivations behind the

5618:

Shortly afterwards, the US VII Corps, in full strength and spearheaded by the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment, launched an armored attack into Iraq early on 24 February, just to the west of Kuwait, surprising Iraqi forces. Simultaneously, the

4410:

and arranged for weapons valued at a billion dollars to be provided to Syria, mostly through Gulf states. In exchange for Iran's support for the US-led intervention, the US government promised the Iranian government to end US opposition to

9637: 6971:

assault", wherein two brigades from the US 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized) were faced with a large and complex trench network, as part of the heavily fortified "Saddam Hussein Line". After some deliberation, they opted to use anti-mine

6843:, supporting a mechanistic interaction. ... Moreover, the change in the combined effect from one category to the next was significantly greater than the sum of the independent effects of the environmental exposure and the genotype". 4357:

and 15 other ships, 1,100 aircraft, and a thousand Marines. In a press conference, General Schwarzkopf stated that these exercises were intended to deceive the Iraqi forces, forcing them to continue their defense of the Kuwaiti coastline.

3615:

The US remained officially neutral after Iraq's invasion of Iran in 1980, which became the Iran–Iraq War, although it provided resources, political support, and some "non-military" aircraft to Iraq. In March 1982, Iran began a successful

7493:(no relation), defied their editors and remained in Baghdad to report on the war's progress. They were responsible for a report which included an "infamous cruise missile that travelled down a street and turned left at a traffic light." 7197:

During the late 1990s, the UN considered relaxing the sanctions imposed because of the hardships suffered by ordinary Iraqis. Studies dispute the number of people who died in south and central Iraq during the years of the sanctions.

6695: 4345:

flew 24 F-16s on bombing missions. Military buildup continued from there, eventually reaching 543,000 troops, twice the number used in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Much of the material was airlifted or carried to the staging areas via

3796:

and the Iraqi foreign minister – during which Saddam claimed that the emir stated his intention to turn "every Iraqi woman into a $ 10 prostitute" by bankrupting the country – was a decisive factor in triggering the Iraqi invasion.

3256:

into Iraqi territory. A hundred hours after the beginning of the ground campaign, the coalition ceased its advance into Iraq and declared a ceasefire. Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and areas straddling the

5477:

tank. The Iraqis fielded them in great numbers. The Iraqis also had elements of two other independent armored brigades in theatre, those being the 50th and 29th Armored Brigades. Iraq would also field multiple Infantry Divisions.

6744:

190 coalition troops were killed by Iraqi combatants, the rest of the 379 coalition deaths were from friendly fire or accidents. This number was much lower than expected. Among the American combat dead were four female soldiers.

4738:

jets were deployed to patrol the northern airspace with Iraq. Israel prepared to militarily retaliate, as its policy for the previous 40 years had always been retaliation. However, President Bush pressured Israeli Prime Minister

14609: 6009:

to deal with casualties from the ground war. When the air war began, the CF-18s were integrated into the coalition force and were tasked with providing air cover and attacking ground targets. This was the first time since the

4172:

In December 1990, Iraq made a proposal to withdraw from Kuwait provided that foreign troops left the region and that an agreement was reached regarding the Palestinian problem and the dismantlement of both Israel's and Iraq's

4370:

Countries that deployed coalition forces or provided support (On behalf of Afghanistan, 300 Mujaheddin joined the coalition on 11 February 1991. Niger contributed 480 troops to guard shrines in Mecca and Medina on 15 January

3732:

fast-moving events directly related to the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. However, the US did begin to condemn Iraq's human rights record, including the well-known use of torture. The UK also condemned the execution of

3727:

of 200,000 soldiers. Iraq also looked to increase arms production so as to become an exporter, although the success of these projects was also restrained by Iraq's obligations; in Iraq, resentment to OPEC's controls mounted.

5336:

eyes in the sky. Together they inflicted significant damage on Iraqi ground forces. U.S. A-10 "Warthog" crews would destroy 900 Iraqi tanks, 2,000 other military vehicles and 1,200 artillery pieces during combat operations.

7590:. Both were used in command and control area of operations. These systems provided essential communications links between air, ground, and naval forces. It is one of several reasons coalition forces dominated the air war. 7252:

and all three were drained at different times for different reasons. Initial draining of the Central Marshes was intended to reclaim land for agriculture but later all three marshes would become a tool of war and revenge.

7190:, excluding medical supplies, food and other items of humanitarian necessity, these to be determined by the council's sanctions committee. From 1991 until 2003, the effects of government policy and sanctions regime led to 4733:

Iraq hoped to provoke a military response from Israel. The Iraqi government hoped that many Arab states would withdraw from the Coalition, as they would be reluctant to fight alongside Israel. Following the first attacks,

6270:

An investigation in 1992 by Beth Osborne Daponte estimated about 13,000 civilians were directly killed in the war, while another 70,000 died indirectly from the war's other effects. According to a 1992 study published in

5107:

contributed an additional 4,900 rockets fired at Iraqi targets. Iraq lost close to 22 artillery battalions during the initial stages of this barrage, including the destruction of approximately 396 Iraqi artillery pieces.

6048:

The second largest European contingent was from France, which committed 18,000 troops. Operating on the left flank of the US XVIII Airborne Corps, the French Army force was the Division Daguet, including troops from the

3962:

Within 12 hours, most resistance had ended within Kuwait, and the royal family had fled, allowing Iraq to control most of Kuwait. After two days of intense combat, most of the Kuwaiti military were either overrun by the

3696:

the losses of an economic scandal. The result was a slump in the oil price – as low as $ 10 per barrel ($ 63/m) – with a resulting loss of $ 7 billion a year to Iraq, equal to its 1989

4054:

who had served as the head of the NSC staff that organized the study. (The full declassified presentation can be seen here:) The conclusions were threefold: first, oil stocks needed to be increased among members of the

4333:, approximately an hour south east of Riyadh. The 36th TFW would be responsible for 11 confirmed Iraqi Air Force aircraft shot down during the war. Two Air National Guard units were stationed at Al Kharj Air Base, the 14042:"Evaluation of a Gene–Environment Interaction of PON1 and Low-Level Nerve Agent Exposure with Gulf War Illness: A Prevalence Case–Control Study Drawn from the U.S. Military Health Survey's National Population Sample" 4993:

gunship was shot down by an Iraqi surface-to-air missile, and two US soldiers were captured during the battle. Saudi and Qatari forces had a total of 18 dead. Iraqi forces in Khafji had 60–300 dead and 400 captured.

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In response to the threat of Scuds on Israel, the US rapidly sent a Patriot missile air defense artillery battalion to Israel along with two batteries of MIM-104 Patriot missiles for the protection of civilians. The

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Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. The United States had 700,000 troops.

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stated that the French proposal was unacceptable, because it went beyond previous Council resolutions on the Iraqi invasion. France dropped this proposal when it found "no tangible sign of interest" from Baghdad.

5862:

narrowly avoiding a mine. The Australians played a significant role in enforcing the sanctions put in place against Iraq following Kuwait's invasion. Following the war's end, Australia deployed a medical unit on

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Kuwaiti forces were tasked with liberating the city. Iraqi troops offered only light resistance. The Kuwaitis quickly liberated the city despite losing one soldier and having one plane shot down. On 27 February,

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Since the war, the US has had a continued presence of 5,000 troops stationed in Saudi Arabia – a figure that rose to 10,000 during the 2003 conflict in Iraq. Operation Southern Watch enforced the

7000:

Dick Cheney did not mention the First Division's tactics in an interim report to Congress on Operation Desert Storm. In the report, Cheney acknowledged that 457 enemy soldiers were buried during the ground war.

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expressed that neither he nor Saddam insisted that solving the Israel–Palestine issues should be a precondition to solving the issues in Kuwait, though he did acknowledge a "strong link" between these problems.

4321:, Virginia, landed in Saudi Arabia and immediately commenced round-the-clock air patrols of the Saudi–Kuwait–Iraq border to discourage further Iraqi military advances. They were joined by 36 F-15 A-Ds from the 6284:

estimated the total number of Iraqi deaths caused directly and indirectly by the Gulf War to be between 142,500 and 206,000, including 100,000–120,000 military deaths, and 20,000–35,000 civilian deaths in the

5754:

There was some criticism of the Bush administration, as they chose to allow Saddam to remain in power instead of pushing on to capture Baghdad and overthrowing his government. In their co-written 1998 book,

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British Challenger 1 tanks during the Gulf War. The British Challenger tank was the most efficient tank of the Gulf War, suffering no losses while destroying approximately 300 Iraqi tanks during combat

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After stops in Helsinki and Moscow to smooth out Iraqi demands for a Middle-Eastern peace conference with the Soviet Union, Baker traveled to Syria to discuss its role in the crisis with its President

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tanks. The division commander Maj. Gen. J.M. Myatt said, "During the first day of combat operations 1st Platoon, D Company, 3rd Tank Battalion destroyed 15 Iraqi tanks". The Marines also destroyed 25

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campaign on 16 January 1991. For 42 consecutive days and nights, the coalition forces subjected Iraq to one of the most intensive air bombardments in military history. The coalition flew over 100,000

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The United Kingdom committed the largest contingent of any European state that participated in the war's combat operations. Operation Granby was the code name for the operations in the Persian Gulf.

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armor units would destroy hundreds of Iraqi tanks by the end of combat operations. U.S. Marine Corps tank losses would be light as they suffered the loss of ten M-60 tanks during combat operations.

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Air attacks inflicted heavy casualties on retreatng forces along what became known as 'the highway of death.' American, British, and French units pursued the Iraqis to within 150 miles of Baghdad.

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casualty rate far exceeded that of the coalition military forces and Western hostages. The resistance predominantly consisted of ordinary citizens who lacked any form of training and supervision.

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As the Scud attacks continued, the Israelis grew increasingly impatient, and considered taking unilateral military action against Iraq. On 22 January 1991, a Scud missile hit the Israeli city of

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that Canada's military had participated in offensive combat operations. The only CF-18 Hornet to record an official victory during the conflict was an aircraft involved in the beginning of the

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perishable medicines spoil, water cannot be purified and raw sewage cannot be processed,". The US government refused to release its own study of the effects of the Iraqi public health crisis.

19772: 18704: 3272:, after the daily broadcast of images from cameras onboard American military aircraft during Operation Desert Storm. The Gulf War has also gained fame for some of the largest tank battles in 3444:

Most of the coalition states used various names for their operations and the war's operational phases. These are sometimes incorrectly used as the conflict's overall name, especially the US

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The Pentagon stated that satellite photos showing a buildup of Iraqi forces along the border were the source of this information, but this was later alleged to be false. A reporter for the

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American-made color photocopiers were used to produce some of Iraq's battle plans. Some of the copiers contained concealed high-tech transmitters that revealed their positions to American

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I would guess if we had gone in there, we would still have forces in Baghdad today. We'd be running the country. We would not have been able to get everybody out and bring everybody home.

4228:

One of the main concerns in the Western world was the significant threat Iraq posed to Saudi Arabia. Following Kuwait's conquest, the Iraqi Army was within easy striking distance of Saudi

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Soon after his conquest of Kuwait, Saddam began verbally attacking the Saudis. He argued that the US-supported Saudi state was an illegitimate and unworthy guardian of the holy cities of

3742:. Following Saddam's declaration that "binary chemical weapons" would be used on Israel if it used military force against Iraq, Washington halted part of its funding. A UN mission to the 19424: 9156: 8277: 5449:

weapons, self propelled artillery, and other combat systems. The Tawakalna Republican Guard Division was Iraq's most powerful division which included approximately 14,000 soldiers, 220

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against the Ba'athist Iraqi government that directly followed the end of the Gulf War in March and April, an estimated 25,000 to 100,000 Iraqis were killed, overwhelmingly civilians.

4337:'s 169th Fighter Wing flew bombing missions with 24 F-16s flying 2,000 combat missions and dropping four million pounds (1,800,000 kilograms; 1,800 metric tons) of munitions, and the 2923: 2943: 18697: 5352:. They were supported by the U.S. Army's 2nd Armored Division's Tiger Brigade to provide the Marines with additional armor support. Marine armor units mostly consisted of the older 7906: 19610: 6946:

By February 27, talk had turned toward terminating the hostilities. Kuwait was free. We were not interested in governing Iraq. So the question became "How do we stop the killing."

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concern was growing that the war could spread beyond the boundaries of the two belligerents. A National Security Planning Group meeting was formed, chaired by then Vice President

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In Kuwait, the Emir was restored, and suspected Iraqi collaborators were repressed. Eventually, over 400,000 people were expelled from the country, including a large number of

12070: 10791: 26489: 19654: 7746: 3475:) was the US name for the airland offensive against the Iraqi Army in the Kuwaiti Theater of Operations (the "100-hour war") from 24 to 28 February 1991, in itself, part of 9133: 8600: 4418:

Baker flew to Rome for a brief visit with the Italians in which he was promised the use of some military equipment, before journeying to Germany to meet with American ally

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battalion, 4th Battalion of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment, participated in a massive artillery preparation. Around 300 guns from multiple countries participated in the

4015: 5761:, Bush and Brent Scowcroft argued that such a course would have fractured the alliance, and would have had many unnecessary political and human costs associated with it. 5282:

was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division as its third maneuver brigade. Its Task Force 1-41 Infantry would be the spearhead of VII Corps. In addition, the corps had the

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Both sides suffered casualties, although Iraqi forces sustained substantially more dead and captured than the allied forces. Eleven Americans were killed in two separate

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and Iraq both looked for more discipline, with little success. The Iraqi government described it as a form of economic warfare, which it claimed was aggravated by Kuwait

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adopted two lending facilities – the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) and the Compensatory & Contingency Financing Facility (CCFF). The

6316:

According to the Project on Defense Alternatives study, between 20,000 and 26,000 Iraqi military personnel were killed in the conflict while 75,000 others were wounded.

4565:

Although the Iraqi military committed human rights abuses during the invasion, the alleged incidents that received the most publicity in the US were fabrications of the

3625: 2812: 19153: 15549: 10645:, Volume 59, page 33, Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science (Chicago, Ill.), Atomic Scientists of Chicago, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (Organization), 2003. 7186:

On 6 August 1990, after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 661 which imposed economic sanctions on Iraq, providing for a full trade

5258:

the largest tank battle of the war and the second largest tank battle in American history. The U.S. Marine Corps also fought the biggest tank battle in its history at

3789:

It was revealed during Saddam Hussein's 2003–2004 interrogation following his capture that in addition to economic disputes, an insulting exchange between the Kuwaiti

2475: 2417: 19417: 12914: 4842:, Saudi Arabia, killing 28 soldiers and injuring over 100. A subsequent investigation found that the assigned Patriot missile battery had failed to engage due to the 22995: 22174: 19253: 16903: 14584: 13085: 11439: 10066: 4821:. Once special operations were combined with air patrols, the number of attacks fell sharply, then increased slightly as Iraqi forces adjusted to coalition tactics. 3879:

was believed to have numbered 16,000 men, arranged into three armored, one mechanized infantry and one under-strength artillery brigade. The pre-war strength of the

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tanks, and dismounted Iraqi infantry fired at passing American vehicles, only to be destroyed by other US tanks and fighting vehicles following the initial forces.

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In the night of 26–27 February 1991, some Iraqi forces began leaving Kuwait on the main highway north of Al Jahra in a column of some 1,400 vehicles. A patrolling

4157:, which gave Iraq until 15 January 1991 to withdraw from Kuwait, and empowered states to use "all necessary means" to force Iraq out of Kuwait after the deadline. 3637: 7505:

was the title of another program in the series; it focused on the media's complicity in promoting the war, as well as Americans' reactions to the media coverage.

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Including 100–120,000 military deaths, 3–15,000 civilian deaths during the war, 4–6,000 civilian deaths up to April 1991, and 35–65,000 civilian deaths from the

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Germany and Japan provided financial assistance and donated military hardware, although they did not send direct military assistance. This later became known as

3761:

In early July 1990, Iraq complained about Kuwait's behavior, such as not respecting their quota, and openly threatened to take military action. On the 23rd, the

2725: 1534: 14418: 9213: 5457:, 126 artillery pieces, and 18 MLRS. The Iraqi 52nd Armored Division was also a primary participant. It was a powerful division consisting of 245 tanks and 195 4350:, allowing a quick buildup. As part of the buildup, amphibious exercises were carried out in the Gulf, including Operation Imminent Thunder, which involved the 4194:

in Geneva, Switzerland, for last minute peace talks in early 1991, Aziz reportedly made no concrete proposals and did not outline any hypothetical Iraqi moves.

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during the war to reinforce the idea that there would be an amphibious assault attempt). About 30–40% of this came from allied raids on Iraqi coastal targets.

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destroyed or isolated four Iraqi infantry divisions (the 26th, 48th, 31st, and 25th) and overran the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division in several sharp engagements.

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Canada was one of the first countries to condemn Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, and it quickly agreed to join the US-led coalition. In August 1990, Prime Minister

5250:

battles in American military history. The battles at 73 Easting, Norfolk, and Medina Ridge are well noted for their historical significance. Some consider the

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west, but then turning and driving east, cutting off Kuwait City from the country's southern half. The commander of a Kuwaiti armored battalion, 35th Armoured

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On 25 February 1991, Iraqi forces fired a Scud missile at an American barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The missile attack killed 28 US military personnel.

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Although they did not contribute any forces, Japan and Germany made financial contributions totaling $ 10 billion and $ 6.6 billion respectively.

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was considered the best regular division in the Iraqi Army. It had more modern equipment than the other regular Iraqi units. It was equipped with T-72 and

4010: 3887:, Kuwait did not mobilize its force; the army had been stood-down on 19 July, and during the Iraqi invasion many Kuwaiti military personnel were on leave. 2412: 26754: 15775: 13333: 5057:

4–3 FA. Later that evening another group of Iraqi vehicles was spotted moving towards the center of the Task Force. They appeared to be Iraqi Soviet-made

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firm hired by the government of Kuwait to persuade Americans to support military intervention. Shortly after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, the organization

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by the US, making Iraq deeply skeptical of US foreign policy aims in the region, combined with the reliance of the US on Middle Eastern energy reserves.

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and urged other countries to send their own forces. An array of countries joined the American-led coalition, forming the largest military alliance since

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during Iraq's occupation, and approximately 375 remains were found in mass graves in Iraq. The increased importance of air attacks from both coalition

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The United Kingdom was represented by its 1st Armoured Division known as the Desert Rats. The British 1st Armoured Division fielded approximately 176

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Task Force Ripper led the drive to the Kuwait International Airport on 27 February 1991. Marine Task Force Ripper destroyed about 100 Iraqi tanks and

4119:

Saddam would have the whole Gulf at his mercy along with 65 percent of the world's oil supply, and famously urging President Bush "not to go wobbly".

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on its own Shia minority. After the war, Saddam felt he should not have to repay the loans due to the help he had given the Saudis by fighting Iran.

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compounding over 100 hours of consecutive use, shifting the range gate position far enough to lose contact with the Scud during tracking action.

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Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.

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On 25 February 1991, a Scud missile hit a US Army barracks of the 14th Quartermaster Detachment, out of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, stationed in

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In the North, Kurdish leaders took American statements that they would support an uprising to heart, and began fighting, hoping to trigger a

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Carhart, Tom (1994). Iron Soldiers: How America's 1st Armored Division Crushed Iraq's Elite Republican Guard. New York: Random House. p.323

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antitank systems, and command and control vehicles; and the British possessed a variety of excellent light armoured vehicles built on their

2317: 2280: 27077: 26550: 22882: 22822: 22721: 22468: 22396: 22297: 22208: 22184: 22090: 21971: 21887: 21810: 21758: 21678: 20024: 19352: 19294: 19280: 19271: 19005: 18298: 17376: 17217: 14797: 7015: 7009: 6084: 5836: 5200: 5050: 3046: 3036: 3012: 3002: 2990: 2985: 2928: 2873: 2866: 2745: 2720: 2507: 2433: 14224: 13590: 12196: 10586: 9938:"Confrontation in the Gulf: Behind Bush's Hard Line; Washington Considers a Clear Iraqi Defeat To Be Necessary to Bolster Its Arab Allies" 8350: 26831: 26739: 26524: 25411: 23653: 23001: 22763: 22578: 19851: 19758: 18583: 17772: 17255: 14994: 14947: 14664: 11324: 10946: 7903: 3568: 3564: 1618: 1527: 15573: 13207: 6032: 27282: 26814: 26514: 23344: 23290: 23254: 22827: 22216: 19394: 19168: 19158: 18412: 15782: 9466: 9260: 7101:

Only one, Chris Ryan, evaded capture while the group's other surviving members were violently tortured. Flight surgeon (later General)

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Civilians and coalition military forces wave Kuwaiti and Saudi Arabian flags as they celebrate the retreat of Iraqi forces from Kuwait.

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wounded. Between 80,000 and 175,000 Iraqi troops were taken prisoner. Iraqi forces inflicted very minimal damage on Coalition forces.

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to meet the invading force, but approximately 20% were lost or captured. A few combat sorties were flown against Iraqi ground forces.

3668:

and Kuwait. Iraq's debts to Kuwait amounted to $ 14 billion. Iraq pressured both nations to forgive the debts, but they refused.

27287: 26603: 22900: 22837: 22832: 22785: 22194: 21746: 21706: 20581: 19821: 18905: 18879: 16875: 15550:"Livraria da Folha – Livro conta como Guerra do Golfo colocou a CNN no foco internacional – 08/09/2010" 13374:

Ascherio, A.; Chase, R.; Coté, T.; Dehaes, G.; Hoskins, E.; Laaouej, J.; Passey, M.; Qaderi, S.; Shuqaidef, S.; Smith, M. C. (1992).

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The conflict marked the introduction of live news broadcasts from the front lines of the battle, principally by the American network

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border and entered Iraq in large numbers, taking hundreds of prisoners. Iraqi resistance was light, and four Americans were killed.

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1.5 billion to Kuwait. By that time, however, the fires had burned for approximately 10 months, causing widespread pollution.

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was the name given to the return of US units and equipment to the US in 1991 after Kuwait's liberation, sometimes referred to as

3056: 3029: 2844: 2822: 2197: 19373: 18402: 16299: 15590: 14152: 13229: 7168:, bin Laden said he felt that Americans were "too near to Mecca" and considered this a provocation to the entire Islamic world. 7132:

over southern Iraq set up after 1991; oil exports through the Persian Gulf's shipping lanes were protected by the Bahrain-based

6141:

vessels were mobilized in the Persian Gulf. Both Royal Air Force and Naval Air Squadrons, using various aircraft, operated from

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deficit. Resulting revenues struggled to support the government's basic costs, let alone repair Iraq's damaged infrastructure.

3585:, and there was a history of friction between Iraq and the United States. The US was concerned with Iraq's position on Israeli– 3092: 2715: 2498: 1859: 1520: 17281: 15420: 13634: 8089: 4495:

had poured into Kuwait and moved south to threaten Saudi Arabia. It was then that I decided to act to check that aggression."

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were nearly emptied of water, and the local Shi'ite population relocated, following the war and 1991 uprisings. By 2000, the

7110: 7030:. In 2013, 280,000 Jordanian citizens of Palestinian origin lived in Kuwait. In 2012, 80,000 Palestinians (without Jordanian 5275: 4788: 3273: 2354: 2333: 123: 25502: 22681: 20247: 18216: 17265: 13169: 12417:

U.S. Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990–1991 With the 1st U.S. Marine Division in Desert Shield and Desert Storm Cureton P.97

12139:

U.S. Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990–1991 With the 1st U.S. Marine Division in Desert Shield and Desert Storm Cureton P.94

8403: 7486:'s image of a burnt Iraqi soldier being pulled from the American AP wire whereas in Europe it was given extensive coverage. 2109: 1918: 27247: 27237: 26797: 25321: 25246: 24906: 24506: 22555: 21468: 20705: 20612: 20102: 19793: 17660: 17355: 16996: 16428: 14733: 14592: 12910: 11997:"Jayhawk Goes to War: VII Corps in Operation DESERT STORM – The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army" 8478: 7229: 7207: 6754:

in detonations of coalition munitions. Nine British military personnel were killed in a friendly fire incident when a USAF

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and tanks. For the next hour the Task Force fought several small battles with Iraqi reconnaissance units. TF 1–41 IN fired

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U.S. Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990–1991 With the 1st U.S. Marine Division in Desert Shield and Desert Storm. pp.92–93.

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tank. The 1st Marine Division destroyed around 60 Iraqi tanks near the Burgan oil field without suffering any losses. The

4072:. The plan was implemented and became the basis for US preparedness to respond to the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in 1991. 27252: 27192: 26826: 26519: 24926: 24059: 23761: 23178: 22928: 22481: 22421: 22011: 21525: 20607: 19726: 19578: 19338: 19331: 19122: 19090: 18622: 18345: 17837: 17756: 17481: 17260: 17035: 15399: 15162: 14853: 13147: 12706: 7528: 7294:

in history at that time. It was reported as a deliberate natural resources attack to keep US Marines from coming ashore (

7149: 6708: 6272: 5655:, meeting fierce resistance. The US force destroyed military hardware and took prisoners, while suffering no casualties. 5357: 5291: 4473:

also provided financial support to the coalition. U.S. troops represented 73% of the coalition's 956,600 troops in Iraq.

3455:

was the US operational name for the US buildup of forces and Saudi Arabia's defense from 2 August 1990 to 16 January 1991

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Sloyan, Patrick Day (12 September 1991), "Buried Alive: U.S. Tanks Used Plows To Kill Thousands in Gulf War Trenches",

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The details of the Hill & Knowlton public relations campaign, including the incubator testimony, were published in

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Precision-guided munitions amounted to approximately 7.4% of all bombs dropped by the coalition. Other bombs included

3387:) is the term used by Kuwait and most of the coalition's Arab states, including Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, and the 27102: 27097: 27092: 26943: 26807: 26627: 25693: 25256: 24526: 24467: 22905: 22895: 22431: 22068: 21905: 21488: 21002: 19987: 19287: 19035: 18970: 18496: 17866: 14415: 14046: 13995: 11201: 10656: 10642: 10278: 8117: 7662: 7637: 7459: 7221: 7018:

took place during and after the Gulf War. During the Gulf War, more than 200,000 Palestinians fled Kuwait during the

5751:

formally apologized in 2004 on behalf of the PLO. This came after the Kuwaiti government formally forgave the group.

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deployed by helicopters and boats to attack the city from the sea, while other divisions seized the airports and two

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and fully occupied the country within two days. The invasion was primarily over disputes regarding Kuwait's alleged

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A British Challenger 1 achieved the longest range confirmed tank kill of the war, destroying an Iraqi tank with an

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General Khaled was Co-Commander, with US General Norman Schwarzkopf, of the allied coalition that liberated Kuwait

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against the Iraqi government. The uprising spread within days to all of the largest Shia cities in southern Iraq:

4627:

In reality, the Iraqi Army did commit various well-documented crimes during its occupation of Kuwait, such as the

3657: 1908: 27292: 27242: 27232: 27182: 27152: 27132: 27117: 27107: 26116: 25497: 25426: 25326: 25204: 24976: 24966: 24553: 23940: 23405: 23139: 23095: 22491: 21989: 21845: 20948: 20934: 20686: 20336: 20009: 19473: 19466: 19459: 19262: 18754: 18552: 17575: 15316: 15019:"Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics" 14529:

Yann Le Troquer; Rozenn Hommery al-Oudat (Spring 1999). "From Kuwait to Jordan: The Palestinians' Third Exodus".

13415:"Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics" 13103: 7751: 7373: 7261: 5747:, because of PLO support of Saddam. Yasser Arafat did not apologize for his support of Iraq, but after his death 5409:. It had reasonable armour protection and a 30mm gun. Modified versions of the vehicle included mortar carriers, 4084: 3826:

Saddam stated that he would attempt last-ditch negotiations with the Kuwaitis but Iraq "would not accept death."

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Australia contributed a Naval Task Group, which formed part of the multi-national fleet in the Persian Gulf and

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M3 Bradleys of L Troop, 3rd ACR, stand in line at a holding area during the build-up to Operation Desert Shield.

27272: 27262: 27222: 27202: 27172: 27162: 27147: 27142: 27122: 25547: 25316: 24896: 24798: 24531: 23975: 23970: 22875: 22744: 22511: 20552: 19689: 19040: 18513: 17749: 17621: 15786: 13341: 12452: 8523: 7408: 7377: 6835:, which is more efficient at breaking down sarin than its type R counterpart. The authors "found that the PON1 6301: 6226: 5998: 4891: 4705: 4415:

loans to Iran. On the day before the ground invasion began, the World Bank gave Iran the first loan of $ 250m.

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Many returning coalition soldiers reported illnesses following their action in the war, a phenomenon known as

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was signed in August 1988, Iraq was heavily debt-ridden and tensions within society were rising. Most of its

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The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts

13263:"Wages of War – Appendix 2: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 1991 Gulf War" 11885: 10923: 10150:

See Paul Lewis, "Confrontation in the Gulf: The U.N.; France and 3 Arab States Issue an Appeal to Hussein,"

7967: 5987:. The Canadian Task Group led the coalition's maritime logistics forces in the Persian Gulf. A fourth ship, 2159: 2155: 27207: 27157: 26901: 25527: 25487: 25457: 25406: 25266: 25184: 25180: 25051: 24981: 24746: 24563: 24329: 24224: 24156: 23189: 23163: 23149: 23124: 23114: 23065: 22981: 22588: 22098: 21872: 21766: 21551: 21477: 20698: 19918: 19534: 18864: 18467: 18373: 18187: 17929: 15868:"Pics: From Kuwait airlift in 1990 to operation Ganga in 2022, here are a few evacuation missions by India" 14311: 13012: 12632: 8573: 6967:

Another incident during the war highlighted the question of large-scale Iraqi combat deaths. This was the "

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with tanks and infantry. The Battle of Khafji ended two days later when the Iraqis were driven back by the

4442: 3992:, after being captured by a US Marine Corps unit at the start of the ground phase of Operation Desert Storm 3743: 3621: 3258: 2174: 127: 17: 16448: 12842: 9191: 5301:

An OH-58D Kiowa helicopter departs from a communications site in the desert during Operation Desert Shield

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Israeli civilians taking shelter from missiles (top) and aftermath of attack in Ramat Gan, Israel (bottom)

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groups that had recently fought in Afghanistan with the rhetoric Iran had long used to attack the Saudis.

30:

This article is about the conflict against Iraq in 1990–1991. For other conflicts with the same name, see

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civilian infrastructure. Soon after, these helicopters and much of Iraq's military were used to fight an

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program, but the report about it from January 1991 was partially declassified by the CIA on 26 May 2001.

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acquired two commercial Soviet satellite images made at the time, which showed nothing but empty desert.

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The Iraq–Kuwait border dispute involved Iraqi claims to Kuwaiti territory. Kuwait had been a part of the

3649: 2765: 2454: 2179: 2164: 1849: 1834: 1638: 1576: 15834: 15274: 11664:"The Gulf War and "European Artillery" – The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army" 7582:(AWACS) and satellite communication systems were also important. Two examples of this are the US Navy's 6839:

and hearing nerve agent alarms were independent and the findings robust to both measured and unmeasured

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Argentina was the only South American country to participate in the 1991 Gulf War. It sent a destroyer,

5858:. The Australian Task Force was also placed at great risk with regard to the sea mine threat, with HMAS 26961: 26336: 25557: 25542: 25532: 25386: 24986: 24474: 24277: 24044: 23209: 23194: 23059: 22573: 21915: 21691: 21661: 21626: 21425: 21100: 21080: 20922: 20912: 20902: 20602: 20592: 20371: 20045: 19953: 19890: 19555: 19070: 19065: 19060: 18935: 18900: 18507: 18472: 18308: 18303: 18281: 18176: 18056: 18028: 17975: 17412: 17273: 16956: 15003: 12989:[The Argentine Armed Forces in the Gulf] (in Spanish). Fuerzas Navales Magazine. Archived from 10809: 9341: 7696:

is based on Operation Ganga, the evacuation of Indian citizens stranded in Kuwait during the Gulf War.

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The World Bank responded by speeding up the disbursement of existing project and adjustment loans. The

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launched a sweeping "left-hook" attack across southern Iraq's largely undefended desert, led by the US

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Victoria, William L. Cleveland, late of Simon Fraser University, Martin Bunton, University of (2013).

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Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

9814: 5809: 4519:, which Saddam had used against Iranian troops during the Iran–Iraq War and against his own country's 3883:

was around 2,200 Kuwaiti personnel, with 80 fixed-wing aircraft and 40 helicopters. In spite of Iraqi

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Air Force and Air Defense of Iraq before the war (not translated) exact list of the technical details

16400:

Kepel, Gilles (2002). "From the Gulf War to the Taliban Jihad / Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam".

16121: 14985: 14652: 13869: 12729: 11109: 11030: 10394:"WAR IN THE GULF: Turkey; Turkey's Role in Air Assault Sets Off Fear of Retaliation (Published 1991)" 7731: 7721: 7668: 7656: 7573: 7555: 7544: 7133: 7106: 7093: 6996: 6911: 6767: 6292:

Iraq also launched numerous attacks on civilian targets in Israel and Saudi Arabia. A 1991 report by

5977: 5970: 5868: 5804: 5454: 5361: 5038: 4902: 4887: 4847: 3978: 3630: 3552: 3483: 3123: 3068: 1150: 248: 93: 31: 20036: 16502:"Bibliography: The First U.S. – Iraq War: Desert Shield and Desert Storm (1990–1991)" 14457: 14304: 13765: 12222: 8447: 8181: 5581:

helicopters successfully destroyed two Iraqi early warning radar sites. From 15 to 20 February, the

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tanks. The T-62 tank being its primary system. Overall the primary tank of the Iraqi forces was the

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reported that Iraq had moved 30,000 troops to the Iraq-Kuwait border, and the US naval fleet in the

3192:

The invasion of Kuwait was met with immediate international condemnation, including the adoption of

26650: 26191: 25758: 25021: 24911: 24665: 24209: 23704: 23679: 23595: 23500: 23460: 23052: 22598: 22441: 22426: 22327: 22275: 22233: 22221: 22058: 21860: 21461: 21139: 21110: 20754: 19703: 19624: 19203: 18975: 18945: 18844: 18526: 18114: 17871: 17842: 17725: 17637: 17595: 17557: 17018: 16972: 16576: 15119: 13544: 9588: 7843:"Desert Shield And Desert Storm: A Chronology And Troop List for the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf Crisis" 7490: 7355: 7342:

The resulting fires burned uncontrollably because of the dangers of sending in firefighting crews.

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The largest single loss of life among coalition forces happened on 25 February 1991, when an Iraqi

6241: 6002: 5458: 5310: 5167: 5093: 5079: 5030: 5023: 5013: 4682: 4561:(right) listen as Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney addresses reporters regarding the 1991 Gulf War. 4293: 3858: 3723:

was rejected. Saudi-backed development projects were hampered by Iraq's large debts, even with the

3154: 2898: 2553: 1876: 1805: 1564: 1186: 1114: 174: 25931: 22135: 14355: 10464:"DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" 9264: 7224:. Formerly covering an area of around 3,000 km (1,200 sq mi), the large complex of 6201: 6188:(APFSDS) round fired over 4,700 metres (2.9 mi)—the longest tank-on-tank kill shot recorded. 27067: 27062: 26869: 26819: 25421: 25366: 25351: 25291: 25099: 25079: 24839: 24516: 24121: 23694: 23689: 23669: 23560: 23550: 23545: 23525: 23075: 22603: 21920: 21865: 21666: 21367: 21115: 20779: 20512: 20237: 20014: 19911: 19751: 18450: 18445: 18023: 17893: 17693: 17502: 17430: 16988: 15227:""Iraq and Kuwait: 1972, 1990, 1991, 1997." Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change" 13958: 11047: 10521: 7216:

was an irrigation project in Iraq during and immediately after the war, to drain a large area of

5994:, arrived in-theater after hostilities had ceased and was the first allied ship to visit Kuwait. 5787: 5636: 5582: 5137: 4880: 4462: 4434: 4009:

Kuwaitis founded a local armed resistance movement following the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. The

3944: 3940: 3793: 3679:, something that Iraq claimed made Kuwait rightful Iraqi territory. Kuwait's ruling dynasty, the 3321: 2370: 2145: 1937: 1739: 1710: 1210: 1078: 24324: 21611: 17214: 16781: 16620: 14807: 13042: 8903:"On this day in 1990: The world decides to stop Saddam Hussein's forces marauding around Kuwait" 6991:" However, after the war, the Iraqi government said that only 44 bodies were found. In his book 5854:

Force Zulu; the detection of free sea floating mines and assistance to the aircraft carrier USS

4689:, dropping 88,500 tonnes of bombs, which widely destroyed military and civilian infrastructure. 1042: 26843: 26838: 26802: 26769: 26211: 25715: 25109: 24783: 24259: 24019: 24014: 23807: 23725: 23709: 23648: 23475: 23390: 23334: 22618: 22550: 22486: 22414: 22179: 21932: 21877: 21788: 21711: 21616: 21601: 21070: 20929: 20799: 20774: 20644: 20396: 19800: 19696: 19518: 18960: 18940: 18874: 18834: 18547: 18531: 18397: 17730: 17645: 17527: 17328: 17186:

Barbara Walters Interview with General Schwarzkopf, Coalition commander in the Persian Gulf War

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Haley, Robert W.; Kramer, Gerald; Xiao, Junhui; Dever, Jill A.; Teiber, John F. (11 May 2022).

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Col H. Avery Chenoweth (2005) Semper Fi: The Definitive Illustrated History of the U.S. Marines

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Michael Kranish et al., "World waits on brink of war: Late effort at diplomacy in gulf fails,"

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August 1990, when US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia, due also to the request of its monarch,

3964: 3846: 3786:, were held on 31 July and led Mubarak to believe that a peaceful course could be established. 3277: 3253: 2129: 2049: 1839: 1312: 1288: 1090: 946: 278: 144: 26421: 19231: 17741: 17291: 16854: 14960: 14217: 13843: 13013:"Overview of U.S. Policy Toward South America and the President's Upcoming Trip to the Region" 12885: 12879: 11935: 11328: 10950: 10253: 9384: 8354: 5187:

capture and destruction of numerous enemy vehicles, equipment, personnel and command bunkers.

4982:, supported by Qatari forces and US Marines. The allied forces used extensive artillery fire. 4213:"Operation Desert Shield" redirects here. For the 2006 operation by the Iraqi insurgency, see 3196:, which demanded Iraq's immediate withdrawal from Kuwait, and the imposition of comprehensive 1054: 27047: 27042: 26916: 26911: 26906: 26446: 25730: 25725: 25492: 25381: 25336: 25296: 25231: 25175: 25094: 24876: 24690: 24568: 24486: 24394: 24359: 24269: 24214: 24111: 23952: 23510: 23505: 23380: 23103: 22654: 22637: 22613: 22506: 22501: 22448: 22270: 22238: 22046: 22031: 21621: 21596: 21581: 21435: 21174: 21042: 20654: 20527: 20506: 20426: 20386: 20277: 20219: 19675: 19178: 18950: 18794: 18387: 18200: 17939: 17803: 17567: 17507: 17435: 17381: 17209: 16932: 15981: 15570: 14894: 14416:"Iraqis Buried Alive – U.S. Attacked With Bulldozers During War Ground Attack" 14331: 14022: 7936: 7926: 7241: 7145: 7023:

a response to alignment of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and the PLO with Saddam Hussein.

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described Iraqi soldiers pulling babies out of incubators and letting them die on the floor.

4307: 3925: 3914: 3358: 3331: 3139: 2391: 2139: 2004: 1892: 1829: 1773: 1705: 188: 178: 15445: 14017:"Gulf war syndrome; higher rates of specific birth defects in gulf war veterans' children". 10231: 8733:(167, November–December 1990). Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP): 11–18. 5037:

heavy battalion task force from the 2nd Armored Division (Forward). It was the spearhead of

3808:, in Baghdad. The Iraqi leader attacked American policy with regards to Kuwait and the UAE: 62: 26999: 26734: 26689: 25986: 25753: 25608: 25562: 25477: 25472: 25271: 25170: 25119: 25114: 25006: 24961: 24916: 24854: 24685: 24660: 24610: 24538: 24452: 24302: 23904: 23883: 23781: 23600: 23565: 23470: 23445: 23134: 22631: 22583: 22523: 22359: 22280: 22140: 22063: 22021: 21900: 21850: 21835: 21818: 21718: 21606: 21576: 21269: 21151: 21085: 21047: 20943: 20869: 20864: 20789: 20637: 20255: 20061: 20054: 19980: 19828: 19779: 19020: 18869: 18789: 18749: 18648: 18462: 18435: 18340: 18318: 18276: 17960: 17655: 17517: 17512: 16757: 16641: 14759: 14257: 14246:"Teratogenicity of depleted uranium aerosols: A review from an epidemiological perspective" 13598: 11412: 11167: 10441: 8625: 7772: 7537: 7141: 6723: 6286: 6256: 6117: 5988: 5675: 5652: 5620: 5466: 5462: 5392: 5224: 4843: 4580: 4500: 4300: 4051: 3862: 3705: 3590: 3388: 3285: 3162: 2034: 1824: 1795: 1596: 1569: 1487: 1126: 1102: 869: 192: 17200: 17191: 16879: 11352:"Patriot Missile Defense: Software Problem Led to System Failure at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia" 10835: 9791: 9413: 8115:

NSIAD-92-94, "Operation Desert Storm: Early Performance Assessment of Bradley and Abrams".

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said that at least one Saudi civilian was killed after they were hit by Iraqi shelling in

5813:

Coalition troops from Egypt, Syria, Oman, France, and Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm

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With Iraq's newfound success in the war, and the Iranian rebuff of a peace offer in July,

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convoy was bombed so extensively by coalition air forces that it came to be known as the

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were also present. The two divisions formed the foundation of the Jihad Corps. The Iraqi

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to the Persian Gulf, where they were ready by 8 August. The US also sent the battleships

4199: 3972: 3778:

planes and combat ships to the Persian Gulf in response to these threats. Discussions in

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long. Your presence here, and in other places, is meant to prevent the scourge of war."

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Out of Area or Out of Reach? European Military Support for Operations in Southwest Asia

15170: 15051: 15018: 14546: 14280: 14245: 14229: 14085: 14072: 14041: 13447: 13414: 13058: 13035: 11233: 11144: 11069: 10705: 10101: 9970: 9942: 9559: 9444: 9033: 8750: 8567: 8134: 7814: 7796:. The start date of the Kuwait War can also be seen as either August 1990 (when Iraq's 7281: 7268:, and Middle East Watch have described the project as a political attempt to force the 7160:

as banning the "permanent presence of infidels in Arabia". In 1996, bin Laden issued a

7152:(7 August), which was eight years to the day that US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia. 7129: 7076: 7019: 6263: 6096: 6066: 5984: 5949: 5913: 5776:

not going to go get bogged down in the problems of trying to take over and govern Iraq.

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and placed land mines around the wells to make extinguishing the fires more difficult.

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was the British name for British military activities during the operations and conflict

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After the War: Kuwait: Kuwaiti Emir, Tired and Tearful, Returns to His Devastated Land

10191:"CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF: France; Paris Says Its Last-Ditch Peace Effort Has Failed" 10176:

Ellen Nimmons, A.P., "Last-ditch pitches for peace; But U.S. claims Iraqis hold key,"

9912: 9540:"Saddam's Security Apparatus During the Invasion of Kuwait and the Kuwaiti Resistance" 8425: 8328: 6711:

reports that US forces suffered 148 battle-related deaths (35 to friendly fire), with

5997:

Following the UN-authorized use of force against Iraq, the Canadian Forces deployed a

5203:, 2nd Armored Division (FWD) conducts artillery strikes on Iraqi positions during the 4927: 4270: 27027: 26719: 26598: 26451: 26396: 26371: 26326: 26256: 26231: 26196: 26186: 26155: 26042: 25926: 25896: 25633: 25623: 25537: 25431: 25276: 24991: 24788: 24645: 24598: 24496: 24447: 24421: 24399: 24239: 24219: 24163: 24151: 23965: 23800: 23777: 23540: 23495: 23435: 23410: 23365: 23308: 22545: 22376: 22189: 21776: 21571: 21532: 21411: 21362: 21327: 21164: 21105: 21007: 20917: 20887: 20882: 20749: 20744: 20728: 20617: 20557: 20477: 20472: 20381: 20151: 20145: 20097: 19958: 19638: 18915: 18744: 18362: 17909: 17815: 17786: 17675: 17650: 17552: 17547: 17440: 17407: 17397: 17321: 17166: 17131: 17109: 17090: 17086: 17071: 17054: 16924: 16802: 16742: 16719: 16709: 16695: 16676: 16670: 16651: 16645: 16624: 16597: 16561: 16521: 16486: 16480: 16413: 16370: 16347: 16341: 16326: 16320: 16284: 16265: 16255: 16174: 16153: 16043: 16035: 16025: 16003: 15985: 15937: 15915: 15898: 15890: 15842: 15771: 15722: 15594: 15447: 15380: 15205: 15056: 15038: 14824: 14698: 14564: 14285: 14149: 14089: 14077: 13523: 13470: 13452: 13434: 13395: 13295: 13221: 13046: 12889: 12855: 12751: 12677: 12636: 12494: 12448: 11386: 11299: 10890: 10735: 10710: 10000: 9878: 9833: 9732: 9622: 9563: 9388: 8854: 8846: 8787: 8779: 8742: 8702: 8690: 8662: 8654: 8555: 8545: 8216: 7940: 7785: 7614: 7613:

The role of Iraq's Scud missiles featured prominently in the war. Scud is a tactical

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On 29 January, Iraqi forces attacked and occupied the lightly defended Saudi city of

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Other justifications for foreign involvement included Iraq's history of human rights

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Braving the Fear – The True Story of Rowdy US Marines in the Gulf War

16577:"Japan's Response to the Persian Gulf Crisis: Implications for U.S.-Japan Relations" 16016:

Desert Redleg: Artillery Warfare in the First Gulf War by Col. L. Scott Lingamfelter

13768:[Corporal of the frigate "Victoria" dies in traffic accident in Abu Dhabi]. 13731:"The Role of the United Arab Emirates in the Iran-Iraq War and the Persian Gulf War" 9966:"Confrontation in the Gulf; Proposals by Iraqi President: Excerpts From His Address" 9617: 9214:"CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; Excerpts From Iraqi Document on Meeting With U.S. Envoy" 8479:"ISN: The Second Gulf War (1990–1991) – Council on Foreign Relations" 8377:"The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict" 7882: 7533: 5764:

In 1992, the US Defense Secretary during the war, Dick Cheney, made the same point:

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Desert Rats:The British 4 and 7 Armoured Brigades, WW2 to Today by Hans Halberstadt

15693: 15424: 15376: 15046: 15030: 14538: 14275: 14265: 14067: 14059: 13638: 13545:"Iraq and Its Future | by Samir al-Khalil | The New York Review of Books" 13442: 13426: 13387: 11148: 11134: 11126: 11117: 11073: 11059: 11051: 11038: 11026: 10718: 9555: 9551: 8734: 8093: 7706: 7679: 7605: 7335: 7027: 6955: 6916: 6906: 6866: 6142: 6112: 5909: 5663: 5442: 5437:. The British had their full contingent of engineer, logistics, and medical units. 5377: 4859: 4726:

starts ... will you attack Israel?" His response was: "Yes, absolutely, yes."

4566: 4516: 4455: 4326: 4314: 4083:

Within hours of the invasion, Kuwait and US delegations requested a meeting of the

3902: 3880: 3617: 3510: 2623: 2580: 2184: 1844: 1790: 1734: 1234: 982: 439: 151: 16363: 15198: 15174: 14181: 7437: 4777: 4637: 3173:. After Iraq briefly occupied Kuwait under a rump puppet government known as the " 26580: 26436: 26426: 26411: 26391: 26376: 26351: 26296: 26061: 26029: 25921: 25881: 25643: 25638: 25578: 25519: 25251: 25129: 24956: 24921: 24829: 24824: 24548: 24442: 24116: 24049: 24039: 24004: 23960: 23947: 23899: 23638: 23575: 23530: 23430: 22436: 22369: 22265: 22226: 22110: 22053: 21925: 21828: 21726: 21646: 21641: 21591: 21352: 21317: 21206: 21201: 21120: 21031: 20769: 20622: 20534: 20522: 20446: 20441: 20431: 20366: 20341: 20326: 20313: 20301: 20205: 18985: 18769: 18759: 18271: 18248: 17965: 17924: 17476: 17285: 17249: 17221: 17081: 16558:

The United States and Persian Gulf Security: The Foundations of the War on Terror

16231: 15577: 15406: 14857: 14802: 14613: 14422: 14305:"An Analysis of Uranium Dispersal and Health Effects Using a Gulf War Case Study" 14156: 14133: 13717: 13694: 13505: 13233: 13177: 12802: 12730:"Refworld | Human Rights Watch World Report 1992 – Iraq and Occupied Kuwait" 11443: 10795: 10366: 10339: 10197: 10023: 9933: 9851: 9578:"Two ethnicities, three generations: Phonological variation and change in Kuwait" 9380: 9220: 9160: 9137: 8838: 8771: 8682: 8646: 8510: 8504:

Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress

8407: 8400: 8304: 8141: 8121: 7910: 7889: 7570:, 15,000-pound bombs which can disintegrate everything within hundreds of yards. 7245: 7233: 7164:, calling for US troops to leave Saudi Arabia. In a December 1999 interview with 7153: 7089: 6820: 6221: 6150: 6130: 6041: 5963: 5959: 5880: 5632: 5430: 5373: 5329:

ground attack aircraft would distinguish itself during the Gulf War aided by the

5322: 5171: 5117: 4745: 4674: 4259: 4146: 4079:

President Bush visiting American troops in Saudi Arabia on Thanksgiving Day, 1990

3983: 3661: 3653: 3604: 3492: 3415: 3392: 3376: 3158: 2740: 2616: 2044: 2014: 2009: 1947: 1138: 970: 157: 24543: 16278: 15297: 14737: 14026: 13391: 8503: 8482: 7376:, the resulting economic disruptions after the crisis affected many states. The 6869:

in tank kinetic energy penetrators and 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) cannon

6212:

Over 1,000 Kuwaiti civilians were killed by Iraqis. More than 600 Kuwaitis went

5693:. On March 1, 1991, one day after the Gulf War ceasefire, a revolt broke out in 26889: 26406: 26331: 26321: 26316: 26176: 25916: 25705: 25628: 25356: 25261: 25011: 24951: 24583: 24501: 24404: 24364: 24334: 24234: 24189: 23318: 22386: 22364: 22342: 22320: 22315: 21840: 21771: 21701: 21446: 21332: 21307: 20587: 20517: 20171: 20127: 20075: 19970: 19934: 18829: 18819: 18764: 18662: 18243: 18226: 18221: 18091: 18045: 17026: 16242: 15473: 15302: 14569: 12702: 12663: 12426:"Persian Gulf War". MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. 10675:"How PR Sold the War in the Persian Gulf | Center for Media and Democracy" 8251: 7797: 7691: 7683: 7674: 7508: 7303: 7249: 7191: 7075:

However, the UN subsequently spent billions rebuilding hospitals, schools, and

6882: 6712: 6700: 6213: 6006: 5955: 5925: 5845:, under Operation Damask. In addition, medical teams were deployed aboard a US 5533: 5417:

chassis. British artillery was primarily American made M109 howitzers (155mm),

5414: 5286:

to act as a scouting and screening force, and two further heavy divisions, the

5207:. 4-3 FA was the primary fire support battalion for Task Force 1–41 during the 4814: 4740: 4558: 4528: 4520: 4395: 4388: 4111: 4069: 3913:, deployed them against the Iraqi attack and conducted a robust defense at the 3884: 3834:

thus potentially settling differences over oil policy between Kuwait and Iraq.

3724: 3680: 3672: 3641: 3608: 3462: 3229: 3150: 2585: 2079: 2039: 2029: 2019: 1994: 1927: 1608: 1475: 1252: 321: 274: 17185: 15034: 14850: 13430: 11790:"CORRECTING MYTHS ABOUT THE PERSIAN GULF WAR: THE LAST STAND OF THE TAWAKALNA" 10284: 10126:"CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; As U.S. Officials See It, Hands of Aziz Were Tied" 9873:"Report of the Security Council: 16 June 1990 – 15 June 1991". 9828:"Report of the Security Council: 16 June 1990 – 15 June 1991". 9727:"Report of the Security Council: 16 June 1990 – 15 June 1991". 27021: 26987: 26764: 26570: 26416: 26311: 26276: 26261: 26221: 25763: 25593: 25331: 25241: 25104: 25084: 24971: 24732: 24710: 24675: 24254: 24249: 24204: 24126: 24086: 23835: 22528: 22305: 21405: 21357: 21347: 21312: 21264: 21241: 21216: 20980: 20809: 20804: 20681: 20482: 20331: 20161: 20141: 19216: 19198: 18615: 18313: 17144: 16141: 16047: 15912:

The road to Safwan the 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry in the 1991 Persian Gulf War

15846: 15042: 14607:

Yemen's president flees for medical treatment as search for new leader begins

13438: 13299: 12624: 12498: 11390: 11303: 11172: 10949:. Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control from 2000 to 2006. Archived from 10882: 10714: 10674: 10354: 9882: 9837: 9736: 9029:"Confrontation in the Gulf; The Oilfield Lying Below the Iraq-Kuwait Dispute" 8746: 7478: 7441: 7286:

On 23 January, Iraq dumped 400 million US gallons (1,500,000 m) of

7213: 7102: 6874: 6792: 6134: 5846: 5748: 5418: 5314: 5146: 5058: 5018: 4986: 4178: 4035: 3894: 3801: 3783: 3733: 3676: 3633: ... The real reason was to help them succeed in the war against Iran." 3350: 3221: 3127: 1300: 1198: 307: 82: 17300: 16855:"The Gulf War: an in-depth examination of the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf crisis" 16269: 15941: 15902: 15659: 15230: 14924: 13766:"Muere en accidente de tráfico en Abu Dabi un cabo de la fragata 'Victoria'" 12487:"War in the Gulf: Bush Halts Offensive Combat; Kuwait Freed, Iraqis Crushed" 10722: 7326: 6741:

The number of coalition wounded in combat was 776, including 458 Americans.

5425:

which were compatible with American systems. Their air support consisted of

27011: 26879: 26744: 26684: 26619: 26356: 26306: 26236: 26226: 26080: 26068: 26055: 25861: 25688: 25189: 24437: 24287: 24146: 24141: 24136: 23842: 22517: 22453: 21994: 21231: 20997: 20794: 20502: 20497: 20487: 20321: 20175: 20167: 20157: 19511: 19010: 18012: 17914: 16540: 16476: 16112: 15163:"V: "Thunder And Lightning"- The War With Iraq (Subsection:The War at Sea)" 15060: 14289: 14270: 14081: 13456: 13104:"Celebrato il 93° Anniversario dell'Aeronautica Militare – Aviation Report" 12578: 12521:"History: November 6, 1991 Canadians cap the last oil fire in the Gulf War" 11351: 10359: 10212: 7813:

Since 1988 the PLO had assumed, for Arab League purposes, the seat for the

7789: 7625: 7563: 6885: 6878: 6731: 6320: 6245: 6126: 5894: 5890: 5842: 5402: 5208: 5204: 4550: 4451: 3782:, Saudi Arabia, mediated on the Arab League's behalf by Egyptian President 3766: 3738: 3684: 3665: 3586: 3582: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3169:, as well as to cancel Iraq's large debt to Kuwait from the recently ended 3130:. The coalition's efforts against Iraq were carried out in two key phases: 2396: 1999: 1900: 1222: 958: 934: 777: 348: 229: 224: 16204: 14097:"UTSW genetic study confirms sarin nerve gas as cause of Gulf War illness" 13399: 13262: 12165: 8114: 7880:

Khaled bin Sultan al-Saud was co-commander with General Norman Schwarzkopf

5780:

On 10 March 1991, 540,000 US troops began moving out of the Persian Gulf.

5132: 3134:, which marked the military buildup from August 1990 to January 1991; and 26975: 26401: 26006: 25976: 25831: 25821: 25720: 25583: 25376: 24865: 24695: 24680: 24491: 24339: 24307: 24194: 24009: 23914: 23853: 22409: 22337: 22253: 22073: 21798: 21415: 21377: 21226: 21062: 20987: 20784: 20346: 20081: 19366: 19025: 19000: 18990: 18920: 18676: 18134: 18086: 18081: 17810: 17792: 16405: 16024:. Dual. Illustrated by Richard Chasemore. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. 15742: 15085: 14719:

Patrice O'Shaughness. "Gulf War POW denounces abuse of Iraqi detainees".

14507: 12727: 12658: 10067:"Iraq Offers Deal to Quit Kuwait U.S. rejects it, but stays 'interested'" 8540:

Stoker, Donald (2024). "16: The Gulf War, or First Iraq War, 1990-1991".

7618: 7483: 7473: 7269: 7088:

nose, dislocated his shoulder and punctured his eardrum. Royal Air Force

7031: 6840: 6205: 5737: 4757: 4491: 4487: 4419: 4187: 4047: 3998: 3869: 3771: 3656:

to meet Saddam as a special envoy and to cultivate ties. By the time the

2710: 2595: 2024: 922: 803: 699: 634: 621: 17292:

Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm: Valorous Unit Award Citations

16224: 12600:

Screaming Eagles: The 101st Airborne Division from D-Day to Desert Storm

12567:

Screaming Eagles 101st Airborne Division by Russ & Susan Bryant P.85

10097:"CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; Arafat Eases Stand on Kuwait-Palestine Link" 9698:. United Nations OFFICIAL DOCUMENT SYSTEM. 2 August 1990. Archived from 8729:

Stork, Joe; Lesch, Ann M. (1990). "Background to the Crisis: Why War?".

8125:

accounted for 17 of the destroyed Bradleys and three of the damaged ones

7617:

that the Soviet Union developed and deployed among the forward deployed

7472:

US policy regarding media freedom was much more restrictive than in the

4966: 4699: 4666: 3849:

main battle tanks, common Iraqi battle tank used in the Gulf War by the

73: 26160: 25871: 25841: 25795: 25710: 25678: 25670: 25613: 25301: 25016: 24705: 24593: 24199: 22496: 22404: 22310: 22243: 22016: 20492: 20212: 19015: 18854: 18839: 17121: 17067: 15931:"Task Force 1-41 Infantry: The Fratricide Experience in Southwest Asia" 15446:

Ken Jarecke's account to the BBC World Service programme (9 May 2005).

14550: 10360:

John Pilger Reveals How the Bushes Bribe the World, from Russia to Iran

8754: 8079:

M60 vs T-62 Cold War Combatants 1956–92 by Lon Nordeen & David Isby

7548: 7343: 6870: 6824: 6138: 6037: 6011: 5680: 5566: 5434: 5062: 4894: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4633: 4470: 4412: 4233: 4191: 4142:

Another Iraqi proposal communicated in August 1990 was delivered to US

3986: 1264: 1030: 595: 453: 24814: 22332: 16876:"Report to Congress on the Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, Chapter 6" 14528: 13037:

Operation Friction, 1990–1991: The Canadian Forces in the Persian Gulf

11108:

Fetter, Steve; Lewis, George N.; Gronlund, Lisbeth (28 January 1993).

10701:"Kuwaitgate - killing of Kuwaiti babies by Iraqi soldiers exaggerated" 8843:

The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis

8776:

The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis

8687:

The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis

8651:

The Outlaw State: Saddam Hussein's Quest for Power and the Gulf Crisis

7388:

group agreed to disperse $ 14 billion in development assistance.

7044: 6935:

Chuck Horner, Commander of US and allied air operations, has written:

5598: 4748:

to defend Israel if it refrained from responding to the Scud attacks.

102: 26884: 26456: 26301: 26150: 26123: 25936: 25891: 25800: 25768: 25748: 25740: 25069: 24859: 22162: 21781: 21631: 21302: 21274: 21221: 20759: 20451: 20411: 18910: 18799: 17270: 17031: 17013: 16322:

Against the Fires of Hell: The Environmental Disaster of the Gulf War

12851: 12627:(7 November 2011). "The United States and Iraq before the Iraq War". 12197:"M60: This Old Tank Crushed Saddam Hussein During the First Gulf War" 11139: 11130: 11064: 11055: 10547:

The Gulf Conflict 1990–1991: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order

7687: 7291: 7287: 7244:. The marshes are typically divided into three main sub-marshes, the 6968: 6811:

among veterans with the RR or QR (as opposed to the QQ) forms of the

6807: 6324: 6217: 6100: 5722: 5422: 5365: 5180: 5175: 4825: 4322: 4264: 4229: 4224:

American F-15Es parked in Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Shield

3645: 3629:

later stated: "No one had any doubts about continued involvement in

2600: 2590: 790: 425: 412: 137: 17108:(diary from inside the real Top Gun, VF-1 "Wolfpack" by Bob Graham) 16839:

Political Economy Notebooks for Study and Research, No. 14, pp. 5–34

16385: 16170:

Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II

14542: 14382: 14063: 13265:. The Commonwealth Institute and the Project on Defense Alternatives 12854:: Editura Universității Naționale de Apărare "Carol I". p. 33. 12156: 12154: 8738: 8401:

Collateral damage: The health and environmental costs of war on Iraq

7928:

Cradle of Conflict: Iraq and the Birth of Modern U.S. Military Power

5976:

joined the maritime interdiction force supported by the supply ship

5548: 5290:

and the United Kingdom's 1st Armoured Division, as well as the U.S.

4869: 4853: 4429: 3341:

The following names have been used to describe the conflict itself:

1512: 26035: 25876: 25773: 25648: 25371: 24511: 24369: 23823: 22538: 22248: 22167: 20819: 20649: 20406: 20401: 19193: 19080: 18774: 18489: 16066:"Allies Deliberately Poisoned Iraq Public Water Supply in Gulf War" 14332:

US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration.

13499:

After the War; U.N. Survey Calls Iraq's War Damage Near-Apocalyptic

12162:"History of Bravo Company, 4th Tank Battalion in Desert Storm 1991" 10858: 9539: 9238:"Iraq Said to Prevail in Oil Dispute With Kuwait and Arab Emirates" 8524:"A 1991 Dossier on the Role of the Iraqi Air Force in the Gulf War" 7648:

The Gulf War has been the subject of several video games including

7225: 7157: 7109:

in which she was riding was shot down while searching for a downed

6890: 6836: 5706: 5507: 5353: 5306: 4753: 4721:

Transporter Erector Launcher (TEL) with missile in upright position

4490:

importance. Shortly after the Iraqi invasion, US Defense Secretary

4252: 3932: 3918: 3842: 3720: 3593:

groups, which led to Iraq's inclusion on the developing US list of

3578: 3317: 3316:

before the term "Iraq War" became identified instead with the 2003

2134: 1613: 725: 686: 543: 25155:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

17106:

Gulf in the War Story: A US Navy Personnel Manager Confides in You

16813:

Last paragraph: "On 16 January 1991 the air war against Iraq began

16039: 15894: 11349: 10228:"15 Years After Desert Storm, U.S. Commitment to Region Continues" 9154:"U.S. Deploys Air and Sea Forces After Iraq Threatens 2 Neighbors" 8559: 7476:. The policy had been spelled out in a Pentagon document entitled 4714: 3600: 3551:

for the period 12 April 1991, through 30 November 1995, including

3501:

was the French name for French military activities in the conflict

26664: 25981: 25866: 25856: 25805: 25346: 24091: 21279: 21236: 20416: 20361: 19903: 16647:

The Demonic Comedy: Some Detours in the Baghdad of Saddam Hussein

16252:

The Decorations and Medals of the Persian Gulf War (1990 to 1991)

14638:"The View From France: America's Unyielding Policy toward Iraq," 13821: 12952:"Splitting the Check: When Allies Helped Pay for Middle East War" 12186:

M60 vs T-62 Cold War Combatants 1956–92, Nordeen & Isby, p.73

12151: 11846:

Semper Fi: The Definitive Illustrated History of the U.S. Marines

10549:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. Print. 10296: 10071: 10042: 8809:"Inverse Engagement: Lessons from U.S.-Iraq Relations, 1982–1990" 8309: 7217: 7187: 6982: 6832: 6277: 5726: 5714: 5380:. The 2nd Marine Division also faced heavy resistance during the 5074: 5034: 4839: 4534: 4407: 3936: 3910: 764: 751: 608: 556: 517: 504: 466: 19611:

Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992

18679:

and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each

13614:"ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed C-130H Hercules 469 Rash Mishab" 11229:"WAR IN THE GULF: TEL AVIV; 3 DIE 96 ARE HURT IN ISRAELI SUBURB" 10380:

The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War, and Peace, 1989–1992

9807:"Persian Gulf War, Desert Storm – War with Iraqi" 8587:

Iraq and the Second Gulf War: State Building and Regime Security

6289:

and 15,000–30,000 refugee deaths after the end of the Gulf war.

5614:

armored personnel carriers and trucks on Highway 8 in March 1991

3249:

Iraqi missile barrages against coalition targets in Saudi Arabia

27006: 26669: 26049: 25851: 25790: 24725: 21159: 20814: 19261: 18720:

Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States

17771: 16482:

Cruelty and Silence: War, Tyranny, Uprising, and the Arab World

16013:

Blitzkrieg in the Gulf: Armor of the 100 Hour war by Yves Debay

15978:

Order of Battle: Allied Ground Forces of Operation Desert Storm

13321:

The Great War For Civilisation; The Conquest of the Middle East

10038:"MIDDLE EAST CRISIS Secret Offer Iraq Sent Pullout Deal to U.S" 8412: 8055:"Tanks During the First Gulf War – Tank History" 7801: 7784:

The numbering of Persian Gulf conflicts depends on whether the

7567: 6861:

Approximate area and major clashes in which DU rounds were used

6816: 6726:

hit a US military barrack in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, killing 28

6297: 6281: 6149:

Chief Royal Navy vessels deployed to the Persian Gulf included

6072: 5784: 5702: 5330: 5313:. The primary American artillery system was the self propelled 5305:

The primary combat vehicles of the American divisions were the

5266:

troops. Its primary full strength fighting formations were the

5254:

the largest tank battle of the war. Other sources consider the

5159: 4990: 4975: 4686: 4644: 4477:

economic aid or debt forgiveness, and threats to withhold aid.

4403: 4248: 3779: 3701: 3520: 1494: 1399:

292 killed (147 killed by enemy action, 145 non-hostile deaths)

855: 829: 712: 660: 530: 479: 374: 335: 263: 234: 219: 16452: 15144:

to name this body of water. This article uses the proper name

14379:"The massacre of withdrawing Soldiers on the highway of death" 13682: 13680: 13678: 13376:"Effect of the Gulf War on infant and child mortality in Iraq" 12703:"ENDLESS TORMENT, The 1991 Uprising in Iraq And Its Aftermath" 10254:"U.S., Saudi Forces Start 'Imminent Thunder' Exercise in Gulf" 8182:"Appendix – Iraqi Death Toll | The Gulf War | FRONTLINE | PBS" 7232:

estimated that 90% of the marshlands had disappeared, causing

5140:

T-55 tank destroyed by Task Force 1–41 Infantry, February 1991

4075: 3361:

and the subsequent Iraq War). Some authors have called it the

26679: 26534: 26490:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

25996: 25779: 23858: 21372: 20356: 17820: 17252:

US Army Heritage and Education Center, Carlisle, Pennsylvania

12123: 12121: 12119: 12117: 11954: 11942: 10832:"CNN.com In-depth specials — Gulf War (via Internet Archive)" 7992:"Guerre du Golfe: le dernier combat de la division Tawakalna" 7747:

Organization of United States Air Force Units in the Gulf War

7672:. There have also been numerous depictions in film including 7501:

was compiled and released in 1990, before the war broke out.

7161: 7038: 6857: 5710: 5698: 5694: 5607: 5578: 5410: 5333: 4989:

incidents, an additional 14 US airmen were killed when their

4761: 4611: 4244: 3233: 3142:

on 17 January 1991 and came to a close with the American-led

842: 816: 738: 647: 582: 569: 361: 14150:

Iraqi cancers, birth defects blamed on U.S. depleted uranium

13200:"Iraq and Kuwait Discuss Fate of 600 Missing Since Gulf War" 9374: 8957: 8955: 8884: 8882: 5502: 4458:

soldiers also reportedly joined towards the end of the war.

266:

resumes self-governance over all Kuwaiti sovereign territory

26674: 26074: 25956: 23848: 23792: 20567: 20544: 20287: 20281: 17313: 15010: 14225:"Doctor's Gulf War Studies Link Cancer to Depleted Uranium" 13814:"FESTA, LACRIME E AMAREZZA PER I MARO' RIENTRATI DAL GOLFO" 13675: 12399: 11755: 11694: 11614: 10973:

The Gulf Conflict: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order

10907:

The Gulf Conflict: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order

7621: 7359:

A sentry patrols along a line-up of OH-58 Kiowa helicopters

6973: 6812: 6237: 6076: 5603: 5474: 5470: 5450: 5326: 5247: 4718: 4671: 3952: 3899: 3790: 3692: 1656: 673: 17036:

the evacuation of 170,000 Indians stranded in the war zone

16801:(5th ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. p. 450. 15167:

The United States Navy in "Desert Shield" / "Desert Storm"

13844:"podporučík in memoriam Petr ŠIMONKA | inmemoriam.army.cz" 12374: 12372: 12370: 12368: 12274: 12272: 12270: 12268: 12255: 12253: 12203: 12114: 12102: 12047: 12045: 12043: 12041: 12028: 12026: 12011: 11975:"These were the 6 most massive tank battles in US history" 11864:"These were the 6 most massive tank battles in US history" 11828:"These were the 6 most massive tank battles in US history" 11772: 11770: 11745: 11743: 11730: 11728: 11726: 11713: 11711: 11709: 11643: 11641: 11604: 11602: 11600: 11587: 11585: 11583: 10657:"The Origins of the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait Reconsidered" 9174: 9172: 8918: 7041:

workers after Yemen supported Saddam during the Gulf War.

3334:

in 2003, the Gulf War of 1990–1991 is often known as the "

3220:. The bulk of the coalition's military power was from the 27:

1990–1991 conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition

26529: 26509: 26504: 16859: 16615:

Decisive Battles: From Yorktown to Operation Desert Storm

15474:"Famous Pictures Magazine – Iraqi Soldier" 13562: 13560: 13558: 12389: 12387: 11916: 11886:"VII Corps leads armored surge into Iraq WAR IN THE GULF" 11546: 11544: 9913:"George Bush (Sr) Library – Margaret Thatcher Foundation" 9312:. United Nations OFFICIAL DOCUMENT SYSTEM. Archived from 9084: 8980: 8952: 8879: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8128: 6300:. Disputed amounts of people were also killed during the 5772:

in action and for their families, it wasn't a cheap war.

5718: 5631:. This movement's left flank was protected by the French 5385: 5195: 4575:

was formed in the US. It hired the public relations firm

4313:

to the region. A total of 48 US Air Force F-15s from the

3753: 3265: 13287:"U.S. Officials Believe Iraq Will Take Years to Rebuild" 13057:

The Canadian Commander in the Middle East was Commodore

12908:

Gulf War coalition forces (latest available) by country

11325:"DOD: Information Paper- Iraq's Scud Ballistic Missiles" 10757: 9731:(digital document). New York: United Nations: 30. 1993. 9113: 9111: 9050: 9048: 8997: 8995: 4677:, one of the key aircraft used in Operation Desert Storm 4643:

US President Bush repeatedly compared Saddam Hussein to

3931:

The main Iraqi thrust into Kuwait City was conducted by

3532:

The US divided the conflict into three major campaigns:

3495:

was the Argentine name for Argentine military activities

3330:("mother of all battles") by Iraqi officials. After the 3181:" in the north, which was absorbed into Iraq's existing 17210:

CBC Digital Archives – The 1991 Gulf War

16534: 16383: 15337:"The Impact of the Gulf Crisis on Developing Countries" 15273:. People.psych.cornell.edu. 20 May 1997. Archived from 13373: 12466: 12429: 12365: 12353: 12341: 12329: 12305: 12293: 12284: 12265: 12250: 12238: 12038: 12023: 11904: 11796: 11767: 11740: 11723: 11706: 11682: 11670: 11638: 11626: 11597: 11580: 11568: 11556: 10740:

Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War

9907: 9905: 9671: 9669: 9284: 9282: 9169: 8351:"Kuwait: missing people: a step in the right direction" 7105:

was sexually assaulted by one of her captors after the

6083:(plus two spare) in the Persian Gulf, belonging to the 5103:. Over 14,000 rounds were fired during these missions. 4608:

Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War

4064:

leaders headed by the United Kingdom's Prime Minister,

4061: 3951:, which was defended by the Emiri Guard supported with 3349:

are the most common terms for the conflict used within

3189:" in the south, which became Iraq's 19th governorate. 19669:

Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

19214: 16574: 16537:"The United States Navy in Desert Shield/Desert Storm" 16518:

Arab Storm: Politics and Diplomacy Behind the Gulf War

16254:. Claymont, DE: Orders and Medals Society of America. 16219:

Brands, H. W. "George Bush and the Gulf War of 1991."

15254:

Kuwaiti Oil Fires: Regional Environmental Perspectives

13976: 13919: 13888: 13792:"Role of Kuwaiti Armed Forces in the Persian Gulf War" 13661:"Saudi Arabia – Persian Gulf War, 1991" 13555: 13239: 12840: 12384: 12317: 11892: 11822: 11820: 11541: 11529: 11517: 11505: 10995: 10993: 10859:"Fixed-Wing Combat Aircraft Attrition in Desert Storm" 9777: 8147: 6915:

Destroyed Iraqi civilian and military vehicles on the

6806:, of 1,016 U.S. Gulf War veterans found evidence of a 3746:, where riots had resulted in Palestinian deaths, was 3523:) was the Italian name for the operations and conflict 26959: 16579:. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress 15660:"Gulf War Coverage: The Worst Censorship Was at Home" 14990:"Sanctions on Iraq: A Valid Anti-American Grievance?" 14657:"Sanctions on Iraq: A Valid Anti-American Grievance?" 13711:"Soldier Reported Dead Shows Up at Parents' Doorstep" 12770:""Cheney changed his view on Iraq", by Charles Pope, 12538: 11493: 11101: 10769: 10745: 10698: 9108: 9096: 9072: 9060: 9045: 8992: 8867: 6167:

ships were also deployed. The light aircraft carrier

4769:

limiting the number of casualties from Scud attacks.

4700:

Iraqi Scud missile strikes on Israel and Saudi Arabia

4387:

The next day, 7 September, he did just that, and the

3640:

reached a record spike in 1982. When Iraqi President

3545:

for the period 17 January 1991, through 11 April 1991

3539:

for the period 2 August 1990, through 16 January 1991

3296:

The war is also known under other names, such as the

3236:

as the largest lead-up contributors, in that order.

19597:

Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992

17215:

Master Index of Desert Storm Oral History Interviews

16002:, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1993. 16000:

The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Challenge the Old Guard

14437: 14435: 14139:

26 January 2003, Page: A11 Section: National/Foreign

14039: 13996:"Gulf War Veterans' Medically Unexplained Illnesses" 13751:

Miller, Judith. "Syria Plans to Double Gulf Force."

13517: 13170:"The Use of Terror During Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait" 12841:

Alexandrescu, Grigore; Băhnăreanu, Cristian (2007).

12069:

Paul W. Westermeyer (28 January – 1 February 1991).

10789:

Mideast Tensions; No Compromise on Kuwait, Bush Says

10742:(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992) 10349: 10347: 9902: 9666: 9356: 9279: 8325:"The Use of Terror during Iraq's invasion of Kuwait" 7958: 7956: 7290:

into the Persian Gulf, causing the largest offshore

6699:

Sailors from a US Navy honor guard carry Navy pilot

4282:

dispatched two naval battle groups built around the

3325: 16088: 15776:"The Performance of the Patriot Missile in the war" 15082:

American University School of International Service

14056:

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

13126:"Desert Storm Part 22: Charge of the Heavy Brigade" 12068: 11857: 11855: 11817: 11782: 11658: 11656: 11107: 11024: 10990: 10947:"Information Paper: Iraq's Scud Ballistic Missiles" 10311:"UN Security Council Resolution 678, Iraq / Kuwait" 9377:

A Dictionary of Military History and the Art of War

9261:"The Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm Timeline" 8305:"Iraq air force wants Iran to give back its planes" 7517:

Gulf War Coverage: The Worst Censorship was at Home

7045:

Coalition bombing of Iraq's civilian infrastructure

6129:regiments (mainly with the 1st Armoured Division), 5325:(Army and Marines) also being in theatre. The U.S. 4177:. The White House rejected the proposal. The PLO's 3648:to Syria at the US's request in November 1983, the 3177:", it split Kuwait's sovereign territory into the " 37:"Desert Storm" redirects here. For other uses, see 27073:20th-century military history of the United States 17231:Bibliography of the Desert Shield and Desert Storm 16734: 16612: 16362: 16343:Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War 16145: 15889:. Center of Military History, United States Army. 15400:Guerra/Terrorismo – O maior bombardeio da história 15295: 15265: 15263: 15197: 14878: 13315: 13313: 13285: 13034: 11490:Desert Storm/Shield Valorous Unit Award Citations. 9751:"Myths & Facts – The Gulf Wars" 8973:"OPEC pressures Kuwait to moderate quota demand", 8901: 5552:Ground troop movements 24–28 February 1991 during 5112:artillery prep was supplemented by air attacks by 19743:Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act 18457:Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present) 17205:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives 17196:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives 16575:Niksch, Larry A; Sutter, Robert G (23 May 1991). 16384:Hoskinson, Ronald Andrew; Jarvis, Norman (1994). 15105: 15103: 14642:, Vol. 74, No. 1, January/February 1995, pp.61–62 14432: 13870:"Střelecká soutěž – Memoriál ppor. Petra Šimonky" 13745: 13033:Morin, Jean H.; Gimblett, Richard Howard (1997). 12818:. Forsvaret.dk. 24 September 2010. Archived from 11486: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11476: 11192: 11190: 10887:Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War 10589:. Miller Center of Public Affairs. Archived from 10438:"The Unfinished War: A Decade Since Desert Storm" 10344: 9467:"Iraqis loot Kuwait's central bank of gold, cash" 8317: 8028:Crusade, The untold story of the Persian Gulf War 7953: 7609:Military personnel examine the remains of a Scud. 7367: 7272:out of the area through water diversion tactics. 7003: 6036:French and American soldiers inspecting an Iraqi 5740:being established in northern and southern Iraq. 5441:brigades (the 4th and 7th) which participated in 5317:. The primary American attack helicopter was the 5199:M109 howitzers belonging to 4th Battalion of the 4854:Iraqi invasion of Saudi Arabia (Battle of Khafji) 4480: 4153:On 29 November 1990, the Security Council passed 3736:, a journalist working for the British newspaper 3589:politics. The US also disliked Iraqi support for 27019: 26475:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 21476: 19766:Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 16835:"Third World War in the Gulf: A New World Order" 16199:Attack Aircraft Proliferation: Areas for Concern 16194: 16115:. International Journal of Global Energy Issues. 15289: 15140:Note: The cited supporting source uses the term 14869: 14174:"Depleted Uranium: The Horrific Legacy of Basra" 13072:"25 years from the "Locust" operation" 13064: 11852: 11653: 11474: 11472: 11470: 11468: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11460: 11458: 11456: 10986:Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad 9342:"Kuwait: Organization and Mission of the Forces" 9255: 9253: 9251: 9131:"Iraq Threatens Emirates And Kuwait on Oil Glut" 8806: 8448:"Tenth anniversary of the Gulf War: A look back" 8090:"TAB H – Friendly-fire Incidents" 7924: 7330:Oil well fires rage outside Kuwait City in 1991. 7201: 7058:support itself as an industrial society ... 5405:tanks. British infantry rode into battle on the 5162:complex. The Iraqis engaged the Task Force with 4752:incorrect use of the anti-chemical weapons drug 4591:in which a young woman identifying herself as a 1461:137 aircraft flown to Iran to escape destruction 24912:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 24319:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 18610:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) 16089:Atkinson, Rick; Devroy, Ann (12 January 1991). 15914:. Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press. 15465: 15296:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 15260: 15109: 14101:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 13909:"Kuwait hopes for answers on its Gulf War POWs" 13310: 12728:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 12519:International, Radio Canada (6 November 2015). 11377:"Washingtonpost.com: Fog of War – Post Archive" 11290:"SAUDI KING FAHD ORDERS GAS MASKS FOR EVERYONE" 11018: 9510:S. Daniel Abraham Center for Strategic Dialogue 9435:Cooper, Tom; Sadik, Ahmad (16 September 2003). 6800:University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 6186:armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabot 5532:forces were expelled from Kuwait. As part of a 5498:Order of battle of the Gulf War ground campaign 5154:artillery battery and many trucks and bunkers. 1644:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) 27088:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century 16771: 15936:. Carlisle Barracks, PA: US Army War College. 15887:Jayhawk! The 7th Corps in the Persian Gulf War 15835:"Observer review: Jarhead by Anthony Swofford" 15766: 15764: 15651: 15418: 15331: 15329: 15195: 15100: 15017:Dyson, Tim; Cetorelli, Valeria (1 July 2017). 15016: 14501: 13413:Dyson, Tim; Cetorelli, Valeria (1 July 2017). 13412: 13128:. British Army Official Blog. 28 February 2016 12563: 12561: 12559: 12557: 12555: 12553: 12064: 12062: 12060: 11317: 11187: 10694: 10692: 10414:. CNN Editorial Research. 2020. Archived from 9428: 9209: 9207: 9205: 8327:. The Jewish Agency for Israel. Archived from 8212:The Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm 1990–1991 7878:Persian Gulf War, the Sandhurst-trained Prince 7717:United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission 7547:. The Gulf War was the last conflict in which 7178:United Nations Security Council Resolution 661 6846: 6005:squadron with support personnel, as well as a 5936:Argentina was later classified by the US as a 5593: 5082:pose with a captured Iraqi tank, February 1991 4970:Military operations during Khafji's liberation 4535:Public relations campaign targeting the public 4004: 3465:from 17 January 1991 through 28 February 1991 3240:United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 3149:On 2 August 1990, Iraq, governed by President 1427:850+ other armored vehicles destroyed/captured 26635: 23808: 21747:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 21462: 20263: 19919: 19736:Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 19247: 18705: 17920:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 17757: 17329: 17305: 17296:United States Army Center of Military History 17235:United States Army Center of Military History 17226:United States Army Center of Military History 16091:"U.S. Claims Iraqi Nuclear Reactors Hit Hard" 15909: 15365: 15225:Wellman, Robert Campbell (14 February 1999). 15155: 13940:Persian Gulf War – MSN Encarta 13032: 12518: 11960: 11948: 11453: 11250:"Scud Hits Tel Aviv, Leaving 3 Dead, 96 Hurt" 11248:Atkinson, Rick; Balz, Dan (23 January 1991). 11163:"Three Israelis killed as Scuds hit Tel Aviv" 10856: 10440:. CNN In-Depth Specials. 2001. Archived from 10378:Baker, James Addison, and Thomas M. DeFrank. 9248: 8626:"Gulf War – Op Granby | Royal Signals Museum" 8418: 8246: 8244: 8204: 8202: 7727:SIPRI Arms Transfers Database, Iraq 1973–1990 7426:The examples and perspective in this section 7256:Many international organizations such as the 7236:of over 7,500 square miles (19,000 km). 6853:Depleted uranium § Health considerations 5962:to deploy a Naval Task Group. The destroyers 5651:Meanwhile, US forces attacked the village of 5041:, consisting primarily of the 1st Battalion, 4833:47 Scud missiles were fired into Saudi Arabia 3607:, US special envoy to the Middle East, meets 3093: 2645: 1672: 1528: 202:(6 months, 3 weeks and 5 days) 26649: 26551:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 24102:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 22671:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 16824:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 16462:"Independent Policy Forum Luncheon Honoring" 16365:Every Man a Tiger: The Gulf War Air Campaign 16360: 16325:. New York u.a.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 15439: 14917:"Iraq surveys show 'humanitarian emergency'" 14429:. 12 September 1991. Retrieved 4 March 2014. 14395: 14162:12 November 2002. Retrieved 25 January 2009. 14119: 11247: 10587:"Address Before a Joint Session of Congress" 10220: 10029: 9928: 9926: 8208: 7600: 7566:, which disperse numerous submunitions, and 6831:associated with higher levels of the type Q 5837:Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War 5669: 4610:, and came to wide public attention when an 3427: 3400: 26740:Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting 25412:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 19759:Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 17773:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East 17009:(1998). It is frequently discussed as well. 16451:. iUniverse (2003 and 2008). Archived from 16019: 15761: 15743:"Something wrong with our **** chips today" 15471: 15326: 14995:Middle East Review of International Affairs 14863: 14665:Middle East Review of International Affairs 14629:23 June 1991, Washington Post, Bart Gellman 14127:Iraqis Trace Surge in Cancer to US Bombings 13150:. British Army Official Blog. 11 March 2016 12877: 12697: 12695: 12617: 12570: 12550: 12223:"The British Challenger 1 Main Battle Tank" 12209: 12127: 12108: 12057: 11277:In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir 10689: 9784:Middle East Review of International Affairs 9773: 9771: 9434: 9202: 9015:A History of the Modern Middle East. 2nd Ed 8924: 8030:. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993. pp. 332–3 7116: 6977:the assault was inside an armored vehicle. 6798:A 2022 study by Dr. Robert W. Haley of the 5572:Elements of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Battalion 5120:fixed wing gunships. 1st Infantry Division 4632:the sake of destruction ... Imagine a 3569:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East 26642: 26628: 26515:United States involvement in regime change 24070:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 23815: 23801: 21469: 21455: 20270: 20256: 19926: 19912: 19254: 19240: 19169:History of the Central Intelligence Agency 19154:Length of U.S. participation in major wars 18712: 18698: 17764: 17750: 17336: 17322: 17261:20th Anniversary of Desert Storm in Photos 16780:. Vol. 47, no. 4. Archived from 15910:Bourque, Stephen A.; Burdan, John (2007). 15783:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 15770: 15494: 15448:"Picture power: Death of an Iraqi soldier" 15112:"Duke Magazine-Oil Spill-After the Deluge" 14885:Yusufzai, Rahimullah (26 September 2001). 14458:"The gulf war: appendix: Iraqi death toll" 13078: 10807: 9813:. Concord Learning Systems. Archived from 9537: 9192:"Interrogator Shares Saddam's Confessions" 8728: 8369: 8241: 8199: 7742:Post–World War II air-to-air combat losses 7444:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 7082: 5543: 4764:. As a result, Israel's government issued 3691:Iraq also accused Kuwait of exceeding its 3100: 3086: 2652: 2638: 1679: 1665: 1535: 1521: 22195:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 20578:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region 19822:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 16664: 16635:SAS first units ground January into iraq. 16064:Arbuthnot, Felicity (17 September 2000). 16063: 15657: 15050: 14948:"Truth and death in Iraq under sanctions" 14279: 14269: 14243: 14171: 14071: 13566: 13542: 13446: 12873: 12871: 12576: 12484: 11972: 11861: 11843: 11839: 11837: 11410: 11138: 11063: 10824: 9923: 9877:. New York: United Nations: 52–53. 1993. 9832:. New York: United Nations: 33–35. 1993. 9611: 9609: 9300: 8813:U.S. Army Professional Writing Collection 8476: 8039:Captain Todd A. Buchs, B. Co. Commander, 7778: 7460:Learn how and when to remove this message 7334:The Kuwaiti oil fires were caused by the 6071:Following the invasion and annexation of 5940:due to its contributions during the war. 5001: 4954:Learn how and when to remove this message 4593:nurse working in the Kuwait City hospital 4377:series of UN Security Council resolutions 4130:Weapons training at Abu Hydra Range, 1990 3955:tanks. In the process, the Iraqis killed 2508:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party 430: 20402:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire 19808:North American Wetlands Conservation Act 19225:) is being considered for deletion. See 18656:Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) 16896:"25 years since the "Locusta" Operation" 16796: 16148:The Gulf Crisis and Its Global Aftermath 16139: 16022:M60 vs T-62: Cold War Combatants 1956–92 15975: 15714: 15366:Peters, John E; Deshong, Howard (1995). 15271:"How much did the Gulf War cost the US?" 15229:. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from 14884: 14577: 14302: 13906: 13637:. Britains-smallwars.com. Archived from 13522:. United States Dept. of the Air Force. 13214: 12692: 11922: 11350:U. S. Government Accountability Office. 10922:. C-SPAN. 9 January 1991. Archived from 10699:Arthur E. (Ted) Rowse (September 1992). 10654: 10585:Bush, George H. W. (11 September 1990). 10391: 10280:Gen. Schwarzkopf's Famed News Conference 10123: 9932: 9780:"The 1991 Gulf War And Jordan's Economy" 9768: 9336: 9334: 9301:Abulhasan, Mohammad A. (2 August 1990). 8837: 8770: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8681: 8645: 8278:"Appendix A: Chronology – February 1991" 8135:Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990 (Air War) 7604: 7532: 7399:offered $ 2 billion in assistance. 7354: 7325: 7010:Palestinian exodus from Kuwait (1990–91) 6954: 6910: 6856: 6694: 6200: 6116: 6031: 5884: 5808: 5798: 5679: 5597: 5547: 5501: 5391: 5296: 5194: 5131: 5073: 5017: 4965: 4713: 4692:Iraqi anti-aircraft defenses, including 4665: 4544: 4428: 4365: 4269: 4219: 4159: 4125: 4110:followed soon after, which authorized a 4074: 3977: 3893: 3841: 3752: 3599: 2755:43rd Vice President of the United States 1372:1,000,000+ soldiers (~600,000 in Kuwait) 27278:Wars involving the United Arab Emirates 24641:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 22350:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 19866:Water Resources Development Act of 1992 19859:Water Resources Development Act of 1990 19787:Matsunaga Hydrogen RD&D Act of 1990 19604:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 19443: 18329:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution 17172:M60 vs T-62 Cold War Combatants 1956–92 17100:Glass (Pray the Electrons Back to Sand) 16755: 16650:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 16640: 16535:Naval Historical Center (15 May 1991). 16404: 16318: 16249: 16110: 15928: 15884: 15256:. Oxford: BPC Wheatons Ltd. p. 68. 15224: 14939: 14819: 14817: 14481: 13585: 13583: 13581: 13579: 13577: 13575: 13518:Keaney, Thomas; Eliot A. Cohen (1993). 13260: 13256: 13254: 13148:"Desert Storm Part 24: Back to Germany" 12629:American Public Opinion on the Iraq War 12472: 12435: 12405: 12393: 12378: 12359: 12347: 12335: 12323: 12311: 12299: 12278: 12259: 12244: 12051: 12032: 12017: 11910: 11898: 11802: 11776: 11761: 11749: 11734: 11717: 11700: 11688: 11676: 11647: 11632: 11620: 11608: 11591: 11574: 11562: 11550: 11535: 11523: 11511: 11499: 11287: 11001:"The day Israel's wars changed forever" 10944: 10920:"Geneva Meeting on Persian Gulf Crisis" 10456: 10124:Friedman, Thomas L. (11 January 1991). 9974:. New York. 13 August 1990. pp. A8 9503:"Iran, Israel and the Shi'ite Crescent" 9375:Childs, John; Corvisier, André (1994). 9368: 9235: 8598: 8470: 8168: 7920: 7918: 7837: 7835: 7833: 7194:, widespread poverty and malnutrition. 7066:, French diplomat Eric Rouleau wrote: 6758:destroyed a group of two Warrior IFVs. 6208:fleeing to Turkey shortly after the war 6121:British Army convoy during the Gulf War 5485: 4361: 3565:Iran–United States relations after 1979 3507:was the name of the Canadian operations 14: 27020: 26815:Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict 26730:Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Unity Forum 26485:Russian espionage in the United States 24757:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 17288: – www.gulflink.osd.mil 17243:Desert Shield/Desert Storm Photographs 16732: 16689: 16591: 16555: 16475: 16426: 16297: 16276: 15251: 15072: 15070: 14945: 14497: 14495: 14493: 14441: 14410: 14408: 14406: 14404: 13982: 13925: 13894: 13867: 13306:from the original on 18 November 2018. 13245: 12868: 12623: 12485:Rosenthal, Andrew (28 February 1991). 11834: 11226: 10975:, 1990–1991 (Princeton, 1993), 331–41. 10775: 10763: 10751: 10611: 10545:Freedman, Lawrence, and Efraim Karsh. 10017:1990: Outrage at Iraqi TV hostage show 10009: 9991: 9989: 9897:International Law, Cases and Materials 9778:Ziad Swaidan; Mihai Nica (June 2002). 9681: 9675: 9615: 9606: 9412:. Users.lighthouse.net. Archived from 9407: 9362: 9294: 9288: 9178: 9117: 9102: 9090: 9078: 9066: 9054: 9001: 8986: 8961: 8888: 8873: 8599:Defence, National (11 December 2018). 8539: 7989: 7489:Two BBC journalists, John Simpson and 7026:The Palestinians who fled Kuwait were 6963:similar to the ones used in the attack 5382:Battle of Kuwait International Airport 5327:Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II 5237:Battle of Kuwait International Airport 4831:In addition to the attacks on Israel, 4329:. The Bitburg contingent was based at 2541:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party 1577:Iraq no-fly zones conflict (1991–2003) 878: 150:wrecked and abandoned vehicles on the 26623: 26480:Soviet espionage in the United States 24636:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 24415:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 24080:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 23796: 23278: 23040: 22702: 21506: 21450: 21137: 21029: 20851: 20726: 20299: 20251: 19907: 19235: 18693: 17745: 17317: 17304: 16852: 16832: 16772:Walker, Paul; Stambler, Eric (1991). 16708: 16610: 16515: 16459: 16399: 16195:Bolkom, Christopher; Pike, Jonathan. 15951:from the original on 26 December 2014 15832: 15591:"Series (The Gulf Crisis TV Project)" 14984: 14790: 14651: 13998:. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 13283: 13222:"'Smarter' bombs still hit civilians" 13210:from the original on 10 October 2017. 12935: 12544: 10558: 10492: 10094: 10064: 10035: 9722: 9720: 9638:"Presentation on Gulf Oil Disruption" 9344:. Library of Congress Country Studies 9331: 9027:Hayes, Thomas C. (3 September 1990). 9026: 9020: 8967: 8914:from the original on 10 January 2022. 8800: 8715: 8529:. 5 November 1991. SH-AADF-D-000-396. 8396: 8394: 8209:Tucker-Jones, Anthony (31 May 2014). 8144:. Acig.org. Retrieved on 12 June 2011 7737:Military history of the United States 6181:Several SAS squadrons were deployed. 5912:(later replaced by another corvette, 5529:Saddam ordered a retreat from Kuwait, 5433:which was comparable to the American 5276:1st Infantry Division (United States) 5080:1st Battalion, 41st Infantry Regiment 4681:The Gulf War began with an extensive 4579:for about $ 11 million, paid by 3969:Provisional Government of Free Kuwait 3837: 1660: 1542: 1516: 1493:142,500–206,000 deaths (According to 26556:Soviet Union–United States relations 24907:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 21431: 21373:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu) 19794:National Environmental Education Act 19149:Timeline of U.S. military operations 16694:(3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. 16339: 16166: 15969:Challenger Squadron by Simon Dunstan 15412: 15110:Jeffrey Pollack (March–April 2003). 14814: 14557: 14522: 13794:. Country-data.com. 24 February 1991 13572: 13357:"Bid to stem civilian deaths tested" 13354: 13251: 12917:from the original on 5 November 2013 12667:, Vintage (2007 reprint), at p. 646. 12090:Blitzkrieg in the Gulf by Yves Debay 11288:Ottaway, David B. (31 August 1990). 10971:Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh, 10905:Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh, 10889:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, p. 47. 10584: 10216:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. 10095:Tyler, Patrick E. (3 January 1991). 9236:Ibrahim, Youssef M. (26 July 1990). 8934:Air Combat Information Group Journal 8458:from the original on 22 October 2007 8229:from the original on 5 December 2022 7915: 7830: 7678:(2005), which is based on US Marine 7597:, leading to more precise bombings. 7412: 7309: 7230:United Nations Environment Programme 7208:Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes 6950: 5288:1st Cavalry Division (United States) 5284:2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States) 5272:3rd Armored Division (United States) 5268:1st Armored Division (United States) 5078:Soldiers of 2nd Platoon, Company C, 4892:adding citations to reliable sources 4863: 4710:Iraqi rocket attacks on Saudi Arabia 4023: 3439: 3198:international sanctions against Iraq 3140:aerial bombing campaign against Iraq 1570:Iraqi Kurdish/Shi'a uprisings (1991) 27078:Operations involving special forces 26520:Soviet involvement in regime change 21421: 19727:U.S. Global Change Research Program 16833:Frank, Andre Gunder (20 May 1991). 16799:A History of the Modern Middle East 16758:"The Unseen Gulf War (photo essay)" 16361:Clancy, Tom; Horner, Chuck (1999). 15067: 14585:"Palestinians Open Kuwaiti Embassy" 14490: 14401: 14376: 14019:Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA 13380:The New England Journal of Medicine 12752:"Abbas apology to Kuwait over Iraq" 11005:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 10909:, 1990–1991 (Princeton, 1993), 332. 10561:"Security Council Seat Tied to Aid" 10392:Haberman, Clyde (20 January 1991). 9986: 9866: 9821: 9544:The Journal of Intelligence History 9538:Al-Marashi, Ibrahim (Winter 2003). 9485:"The Stolen Dinars of Kuwait – PMG" 8043:. Publisher/Editor Unknown. p. 111. 7580:Airborne Warning and Control System 7529:List of Gulf War military equipment 7079:facilities throughout the country. 6900: 6772: 6336:Coalition troops killed by country 6273:The New England Journal of Medicine 5629:24th Infantry Division (Mechanized) 5429:, used for reconnaissance, and the 5105:M270 Multiple Launch Rocket Systems 4620:. This prompted a reexamination by 4441:visit US troops in Saudi Arabia on 4380:of force if Iraq failed to comply. 4093:Palestinian Liberation Organization 4028: 3391:. Terms in other languages include 3380: 3353:, though it may also be called the 3212:deployed troops and equipment into 2856:41st President of the United States 1401:776 wounded (467 wounded in action) 24: 26849:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran 26561:Soviet Union–United States summits 24035:1947 Polish parliamentary election 23920:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 22037:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 22027:Assassination of James A. Garfield 19933: 19713:Global Change Research Act of 1990 19683:Integrated Farm Management Program 18566:Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) 17991:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 16774:"... and the dirty little weapons" 16020:Nordeen, Lon; Isby, David (2010). 15664:Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting 14946:Spagat, Michael (September 2010). 14874:. Simon & Schuster. p. 3. 14334:"Depleted Uranium – Public Health" 13720:. Associated Press. 22 March 1991. 13611: 13543:al-Khalil, Samir (11 April 1991). 12678:"Flashback: the 1991 Iraqi revolt" 12579:"Carriers in the Persian Gulf War" 10480:from the original on 12 April 2019 10317:. 29 November 1990. Archived from 10283:. 29 December 2012. Archived from 9717: 9495: 9229: 8589:, Mohammad-Mahmoud Mohamedou, 1997 8391: 8283:Naval History and Heritage Command 8258:from the original on 22 April 2022 8052: 7859:from the original on 12 April 2019 7643: 7513:Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting 5190: 4400:1983 bombing of US Marine barracks 4251:. He combined the language of the 4166:11th Air Defense Artillery Brigade 3975:as Kuwait's governor on 8 August. 3573:Rationale for the Persian Gulf war 3320:(also referred to in the U.S. as " 3268:. It has also earned the nickname 3202:UN Security Council Resolution 661 3194:UN Security Council Resolution 660 2080:The Genius of Arabic in Its Tongue 25: 27304: 27283:Wars involving the United Kingdom 26944:Category:Gulf Cooperation Council 26927:GCC Youth Athletics Championships 26808:Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain 25322:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 25257:United States invasion of Grenada 24527:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 24468:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 22069:Assassination of William McKinley 20123:Mother: Subha Tulfah al-Mussallat 19993:Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory 19229:to help reach a consensus. › 18906:American–Algerian War (1785–1795) 18403:1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt 17179: 17174:(by Lon Nordeen & David Isby) 17003:Used as a back drop for the film 16778:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 16499: 16446: 16427:Little, Allan (1 December 1997). 16236: 15670:from the original on 6 April 2016 14734:"The Flight That Changed My Life" 14352:"Depleted Uranium Health Effects" 14047:Environmental Health Perspectives 13868:Sornas, Ladislav (15 July 2021). 13340:. 6 February 2003. Archived from 13284:Tyler, Patrick E. (3 June 1991). 13261:Conetta, Carl (20 October 2003). 12987:"La Armada Argentina en el Golfo" 12884:. New York: Crown Forum. p. 12709:from the original on 15 June 2010 11025:Fetter, Steve; Lewis, George N.; 10655:Chardell, Daniel (29 June 2023). 10643:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 9804: 8513:. (PDF). Retrieved on 2014-05-24. 8379:. Project on Defense Alternatives 7663:Gulf War: Operation Desert Hammer 7402: 6106: 5174:fire, and what was left of Iraqi 4744:The coalition promised to deploy 4511:. Iraq was also known to possess 4335:South Carolina Air National Guard 4206: 3527: 1406:28 Bradley IFVs destroyed/damaged 112:From top to bottom, left to right 27288:Wars involving the United States 27005: 26993: 26981: 26969: 26939: 26938: 26922:GCC Volleyball Club Championship 26798:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 26725:GCC Standardization Organization 26698: 25397:United States invasion of Panama 25247:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 24887:1971 Turkish military memorandum 24850:Communist insurgency in Thailand 24820:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 24752:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 24579:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 24507:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 24025:Restatement of Policy on Germany 23776: 23767: 23766: 23731: 23730: 22288:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 22081:Nadir of American race relations 21960:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 21430: 21420: 21410: 21401: 21400: 20706:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis 20280: 20233: 20232: 20035: 19838:Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 19632:Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 18441:Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) 17034:film based on the true story of 16756:Turnley, Peter (December 2002). 16302:. Salon Magazine. Archived from 16119: 15860: 15826: 15804: 15735: 15708: 15682: 15630: 15609: 15583: 15564: 15542: 15515: 15488: 15393: 15359: 15245: 15218: 15189: 15148:. For more information, see the 15134: 14978: 14923:. 12 August 1999. Archived from 14909: 14843: 14774: 14752: 14736:. Johnnichol.com. Archived from 14726: 14713: 14691: 14645: 14632: 14623: 14599: 14475: 14450: 14389: 14370: 14344: 14325: 14296: 14237: 14196: 14165: 14142: 14033: 14010: 13988: 13951: 13931: 13900: 13861: 13836: 13806: 13784: 13758: 13723: 13704: 13653: 13627: 13605: 13536: 13511: 13488: 13463: 13406: 13367: 13348: 13326: 13277: 13192: 13176:. 22 August 2007. Archived from 13162: 13140: 13118: 13096: 13026: 13005: 12979: 12970: 12944: 12929: 12902: 12834: 12808: 12788: 12762: 12744: 12721: 12670: 12652: 12605: 12593: 12512: 12478: 12457: 12441: 12420: 12411: 12229: 12215: 12189: 12180: 12142: 12133: 12093: 12084: 11999:. Armyhistory.org. 30 April 2016 11989: 11966: 11928: 11878: 11808: 11430: 11404: 11369: 11343: 11281: 11269: 11241: 11227:Kifner, John (23 January 1991). 11220: 11155: 11080: 10978: 10965: 10938: 10912: 10899: 10876: 10850: 10801: 10781: 10729: 10667: 10648: 10636: 10605: 10578: 10559:Lynch, Colum (1 November 2006). 10552: 10539: 10514: 10430: 10404: 10385: 10372: 10325: 10303: 10271: 10246: 10206: 10183: 10170: 10157: 10144: 10117: 9512:. pp. 14–15. Archived from 9437:"Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990" 8940:from the original on 6 July 2013 8930:"Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990" 8928:; Sadik, Ahmad (6 August 2007). 7417: 7156:interpreted the Islamic prophet 7053:, reporter Bart Gellman wrote: 6748: 6670: 6645: 6620: 6595: 6571: 6546: 6521: 6496: 6471: 6445: 6418: 6393: 6366: 5538:set fire to nearly 700 oil wells 5407:Warrior tracked armoured vehicle 4868: 4787: 4776: 4694:man-portable air-defense systems 4650: 4527:. Iraq was also known to have a 3957:Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah 3949:Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah 3543:Liberation and Defense of Kuwait 3537:Defense of Saudi Arabian country 3073: 3067: 2671: 2528:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party 1907: 1457:2,200 artillery pieces destroyed 1431:8 aircraft captured (Mirage F1s) 1411:2 British Warrior APCs destroyed 1342: 1330: 1318: 1306: 1294: 1282: 1270: 1258: 1246: 1228: 1216: 1204: 1192: 1180: 1168: 1156: 1144: 1132: 1120: 1108: 1096: 1084: 1072: 1060: 1048: 1036: 1024: 1012: 1000: 988: 976: 964: 952: 940: 928: 916: 904: 880: 862: 848: 835: 822: 809: 796: 783: 770: 757: 744: 731: 718: 705: 692: 679: 666: 653: 640: 627: 614: 601: 588: 575: 562: 549: 536: 523: 510: 497: 485: 472: 459: 446: 432: 418: 405: 393: 367: 354: 341: 328: 314: 300: 101: 92: 81: 72: 61: 27083:Presidency of George H. W. Bush 26755:Bilateral free-trade agreements 26117:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 25498:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 25427:Fall of the inner German border 25327:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 24977:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 24967:Spanish transition to democracy 24927:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 24554:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 24060:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 23941:Occupation of the Baltic states 21990:First transcontinental railroad 21185:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects 20608:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq 20598:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes 20337:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period 19263:Presidency of George H. W. Bush 19222:Presidency of George H. W. Bush 18623:Yemeni civil war (2014–present) 18592:Syrian War spillover in Lebanon 18346:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq 16692:Iraq: from Sumer to post-Saddam 16594:100 Years of Australians at War 16429:"Iraq coming in from the cold?" 16113:"The War Over the Price of Oil" 16056: 15317:Gross Domestic Product deflator 14851:What Does Osama Bin Laden Want? 14806:. 28 March 2003. Archived from 14244:Hindin R.; et al. (2005). 13686:Schmitt, Eric (22 March 1991). 12844:Operații militare expediționare 12794:New York Times, 15 Mar. 1991, " 11411:Wilkinson, Jeff (29 May 2016). 11327:. Iraqwatch.org. Archived from 10787:New York Times, 24 Oct. 1990, " 10612:Heller, Jean (6 January 1991). 10333:Egypt's 'Reward': Forgiven Debt 10331:New York Times, 10 Apr. 1991, " 10088: 10058: 9999:. Feldheim Publishers, p. 179. 9958: 9889: 9844: 9798: 9743: 9630: 9570: 9531: 9477: 9459: 9401: 9184: 9146: 9123: 9007: 8894: 8831: 8764: 8675: 8639: 8618: 8592: 8580: 8533: 8516: 8497: 8440: 8343: 8297: 8270: 8174: 8108: 8082: 8073: 8046: 8033: 8020: 7807: 7765: 7752:The Gulf War Did Not Take Place 7551:were deployed in a combat role. 7374:Arab States of the Persian Gulf 7262:Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq 7062:In the Jan/Feb 1995 edition of 7049:In the 23 June 1991 edition of 5602:Aerial view of destroyed Iraqi 4879:needs additional citations for 4655: 4629:summary execution without trial 3971:" before installing his cousin 3959:, the Emir's youngest brother. 3581:, Iraq had been an ally of the 1582:Iraq air strikes (January 1993) 27218:Wars involving the Philippines 27188:Wars involving the Netherlands 24897:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 24532:Mozambican War of Independence 23971:Indonesian National Revolution 20468:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia 20120:Father: Hussein 'Abid al-Majid 19690:Stewardship Incentives Program 19184:List of anti-war organizations 17622:Iraqi rocket attacks on Israel 16675:. New York, NY: Random House. 16298:Forbes, Daniel (15 May 2000). 16221:Presidential Studies Quarterly 15877: 15593:. 11 July 2010. Archived from 14825:"US pulls out of Saudi Arabia" 13874:Sdružení válečných veteránů ČR 13591:"In-Depth Specials – Gulf War" 13334:"Toting the Casualties of War" 12664:The Great War for Civilisation 12612:Twentieth Century Battlefields 10810:"Limited War: The Stereotypes" 10677:. Prwatch.org. 28 October 2004 10661:Texas National Security Review 10065:Royce, Knut (3 January 1991). 10036:Royce, Knut (29 August 1990). 10026:". Retrieved 2 September 2007. 9875:Report of the Security Council 9830:Report of the Security Council 9729:Report of the Security Council 9616:Levins, John M. (March 1995). 9556:10.1080/16161262.2003.10555087 9410:"Eyewitness, Col. Fred Hart 1" 8011: 8004:Scales, Brig. Gen. Robert H.: 7998: 7990:CheckPoint, Ludovic Monnerat. 7983: 7980:18 M1 Abrams, 11 M60, 2 AMX-30 7974: 7894: 7871: 7775:after the end of the Gulf War. 7409:Media coverage of the Gulf War 7378:Overseas Development Institute 7368:Effect on developing countries 7148:, and the date chosen for the 7142:11 September terrorist attacks 7016:Palestinian exodus from Kuwait 7004:Palestinian exodus from Kuwait 6302:Iraqi rocket attacks on Israel 5280:2nd Armored Division (Forward) 4706:Iraqi rocket attacks on Israel 4614:by MacArthur was published in 4481:Justification for intervention 4215:Operation Desert Shield (Iraq) 3708:across the border into Iraq's 3626:increased its support for Iraq 3118:was an armed conflict between 1486:Total Iraqi losses (including 147:practicing casualty evacuation 13: 1: 27128:Wars involving Czechoslovakia 26495:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 25510:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 25463:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 25185:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 25150:Seven Days to the River Rhine 24882:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 24169:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 24097:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 20727: 19096:War against the Islamic State 18393:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 18034:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 16250:Emering, Edward John (2005). 15812:"The Patriot Missile Failure" 15658:Naureckas, Jim (April 1991). 15647:– via Internet Archive. 15626:– via Internet Archive. 15409:, access on 27 November 2011. 15298:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 14591:. 23 May 2013. Archived from 14502:Shafeeq Ghabra (8 May 1991). 14354:. ead.anl.gov. Archived from 14172:Ron McKay (14 January 2001). 13959:"The Cost of Women in Combat" 13323:(Fourth Estate, 2005), p.853. 12940:. Penguin Books. p. 181. 12602:by Christopher J Anderson P.8 11198:"Betrokkenheid van Nederland" 11110:"Why were Casualties so low?" 11031:"Why were Casualties so low?" 10500:"The Gulf War: Moscow's role" 10076:. Long Island, N.Y. p. 5 9647:. 22 May 1984. Archived from 8428:. Public Broadcasting Service 7966:. MSN Encarta. Archived from 7933:United States Naval Institute 7824: 7522: 7222:Tigris–Euphrates river system 7202:Draining of the Qurna Marshes 6927:debris—the Highway of Death. 6191: 6095:, which were deployed at the 6044:during Operation Desert Storm 6040:tank destroyed by the French 5492:Liberation of Kuwait campaign 3800:On the 25th, Saddam met with 3558: 3244:Iraq fired missiles at Israel 3179:Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District 2151:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq 1609:Iraqi conflict (2003–present) 1507:and Saudi Arabia, 309 injured 1425:≈200 tanks destroyed/captured 39:Desert Storm (disambiguation) 26902:Gulf Ice Hockey Championship 25488:Fall of communism in Albania 25458:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 25407:Polish Round Table Agreement 24747:1968 Polish political crisis 24564:Eritrean War of Independence 24330:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 24225:East German uprising of 1953 24157:Chinese Communist Revolution 23822: 23158:Hispanic and Latino American 22012:Second Industrial Revolution 21846:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 21552:Exploration of North America 21478:History of the United States 20964:in ISIL-controlled territory 20852: 18597:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) 18584:Turkish involvement in Syria 18468:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 18299:Political violence in Turkey 18233:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 18140:Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 18019:Italian bombing of Palestine 17981:1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 17930:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 17472:Iraq–United States relations 17343: 16111:Austvik, Ole Gunnar (1993). 15976:Dinackus, Thomas D. (2000). 15885:Bourque, Stephen A. (2001). 15833:Adams, Tim (23 March 2003). 15343:. March 1991. Archived from 15002:(4): 100–115. Archived from 14672:(4): 100–115. Archived from 14531:Journal of Palestine Studies 14312:Sandia National Laboratories 13355:Ford, Peter (9 April 2003). 12633:University of Michigan Press 11844:Chenoweth, H. Avery (2005). 10315:Council on Foreign Relations 9441:Air Combat Information Group 7275: 7171: 6987:things sticking out of them. 6761: 6330: 5874: 5867:to northern Iraq as part of 5830: 5625:3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment 5577:shots of the war when eight 5260:Kuwait International Airport 5201:3rd Field Artillery Regiment 5127:British 1st Armored Division 5051:3rd Field Artillery Regiment 4980:Saudi Arabian National Guard 3744:Israeli-occupied territories 3622:Operation Undeniable Victory 3357:(to distinguish it from the 2783:Reagan assassination attempt 2175:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 1860:Kuwait International Airport 1686: 1634:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) 1629:Iraqi insurgency (2008–2011) 1619:Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006) 7: 27248:Wars involving Sierra Leone 27238:Wars involving Saudi Arabia 26897:GCC Athletics Championships 25362:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 25090:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 24835:Corrective Movement (Syria) 24799:New People's Army rebellion 24794:Sino-Soviet border conflict 24522:Angolan War of Independence 24385:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 24265:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 23910:Jamaican political conflict 22682:Indictments of Donald Trump 21873:First Industrial Revolution 21707:Declaration of Independence 21697:Second Continental Congress 21138: 21030: 20875:Council of Representatives 20613:Weapons of mass destruction 20300: 19720:National Climate Assessment 17849:Turkish War of Independence 17833:Unification of Saudi Arabia 17030:(2016) – A 15580:, accessed on 29 March 2011 15495:Peter Ruff (31 July 2006). 15150:Persian Gulf naming dispute 13907:Blanford, Nicholas (2001). 13772:(in Spanish). 14 March 1991 13392:10.1056/NEJM199209243271306 12878:Crocker III, H. W. (2006). 11973:Logan Nye (22 April 2022). 11961:Bourque & Burdan (2007) 11949:Bourque & Burdan (2007) 11862:Logan Nye (16 April 2021). 10834:. CNN. 2001. Archived from 10614:"Photos don't show buildup" 8353:. Red Cross. Archived from 7712:1973 Samita border skirmish 7699: 7595:electronic warfare aircraft 7440:, discuss the issue on the 7393:International Monetary Fund 7322:Environmental impact of war 6847:Effects of depleted uranium 6236:In one noted incident, two 6196: 5851:naval clearance diving team 5594:Coalition forces enter Iraq 5514:along the Line of Departure 5221:Battle of Phase Line Bullet 4848:floating point calculations 4844:loss of significance effect 4806:Royal Netherlands Air Force 4341:'s 174th Fighter Wing from 4339:New York Air National Guard 4175:weapons of mass destruction 4057:International Energy Agency 4005:Kuwaiti resistance movement 3595:State Sponsors of Terrorism 3365:to distinguish it from the 3326: 2797:Vice presidential campaigns 2180:Assadist-Saddamist conflict 1624:Iraqi civil war (2006–2008) 1592:Iraq missile strikes (1996) 1587:Iraq missile strikes (1993) 1413:1 artillery piece destroyed 1403:31 tanks destroyed/disabled 10: 27309: 27253:Wars involving South Korea 27193:Wars involving New Zealand 26760:Migrant workers in the GCC 25558:Sino-Indian border dispute 25387:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 25317:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 25075:1976 Argentine coup d'état 24987:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 24937:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 24621:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 24589:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 24278:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 24045:Asian Relations Conference 23279: 23041: 22703: 22574:Killing of Osama bin Laden 21662:First Continental Congress 21507: 20603:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq 19425:Presidential proclamations 19086:War in North-West Pakistan 18936:Second Sumatran expedition 18901:American Revolutionary War 18514:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 18508:Houthi insurgency in Yemen 18497:Balochi insurgency in Iran 18473:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq 18309:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq 18304:Islamist uprising in Syria 18282:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 18171:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 18057:Kurdish separatism in Iran 17976:Goharshad Mosque rebellion 17413:Petroleum industry in Iraq 17274:United States Marine Corps 16957:The Heroes of Desert Storm 16072:. Scotland. Archived from 15984:, Oregon: Hellgate Press. 15929:Hillman, James L. (1993). 15539:, access on 29 March 2011. 15476:. Famous Pictures Magazine 14180:. Scotland. Archived from 14160:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 12772:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 8008:. Brassey's, 1994, p. 279. 7556:Precision-guided munitions 7526: 7406: 7319: 7313: 7279: 7258:UN Human Rights Commission 7205: 7175: 7120: 7020:Iraqi occupation of Kuwait 7007: 6904: 6850: 6823:(including sarin) through 6776: 6765: 6668: 6643: 6618: 6593: 6569: 6544: 6519: 6494: 6469: 6443: 6416: 6391: 6364: 6110: 6064: 6025: 5947: 5906:ARA Almirante Brown (D-10) 5878: 5834: 5802: 5673: 5495: 5489: 5455:infantry fighting vehicles 5362:armored personnel carriers 5214: 5091: 5085: 5011: 5005: 4857: 4846:in the onboard computer's 4703: 4659: 4572:Citizens for a Free Kuwait 4538: 4323:36th Tactical Fighter Wing 4212: 4164:US Army soldiers from the 3941:attacked the Dasman Palace 3856: 3715:In 1989, it appeared that 3562: 2074:The Battle for One Destiny 2069:On the Way of Resurrection 1721:British Airways Flight 149 1602:1999 Shia uprising in Iraq 36: 29: 27178:Wars involving Luxembourg 27113:Wars involving Bangladesh 27038:1991 in the United States 27033:1990 in the United States 26935: 26857: 26785: 26777:Workforce nationalization 26707: 26696: 26657: 26594: 26543: 26465: 26442:William Appleman Williams 26387:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 26169: 26141: 26090: 26022: 26015: 25949: 25814: 25739: 25669: 25662: 25571: 25518: 25450: 25163: 24902:Bangladesh Liberation War 24892:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 24807: 24779:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 24767:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 24430: 24205:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 24182: 23892: 23830: 23752: 23718: 23662: 23626: 23614: 23353: 23327: 23289: 23285: 23274: 23047: 23036: 22709: 22698: 22564: 22467: 22395: 22296: 22207: 22158:Wall Street Crash of 1929 22089: 21970: 21955:Emancipation Proclamation 21886: 21809: 21757: 21724:Articles of Confederation 21677: 21562:Native American epidemics 21542: 21517: 21513: 21502: 21484: 21396: 21295: 21150: 21146: 21133: 21038: 21025: 20860: 20847: 20735: 20722: 20543: 20460: 20312: 20308: 20295: 20229: 20190: 20150:Uncle and Father-in-Law: 20111: 20090: 20044: 20033: 19941: 19875: 19815:Oil Pollution Act of 1990 19648:Energy Policy Act of 1992 19588: 19494: 19452:Joint session of Congress 19346:White House horseshoe pit 19270: 19131: 18931:First Sumatran expedition 18893: 18732: 18725: 18672: 18635: 18540: 18481: 18421: 18354: 18272:Black September in Jordan 18264: 18163: 18107: 18004: 17948: 17902: 17779: 17718: 17702: 17630: 17609: 17591:Operation Senior Surprise 17586:Operation Instant Thunder 17566: 17490: 17454: 17421: 17390: 17369: 17351: 17311: 17306:Links to related articles 17043: 16449:"The Gulf War Chronicles" 16277:Finlan, Alastair (2003). 15721:. John Wiley & Sons. 15692:. Fas.org. Archived from 15035:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311 14887:"Face to face with Osama" 14870:Bergen, Peter L. (2001). 14612:22 September 2018 at the 13913:Christian Science Monitor 13520:Gulf War Air Power Survey 13431:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311 13361:Christian Science Monitor 13226:Christian Science Monitor 13041:. Dundurn Press. p. 12976:Odgers 1999, pp. 356–371. 12210:Nordeen & Isby (2010) 12128:Nordeen & Isby (2010) 12109:Nordeen & Isby (2010) 12071:"The Battle of al-Khafji" 11125:(6410). London: 293–296. 10945:Rostker, Bernard (2000). 10382:. New York: Putnam, 1995. 10154:, 15 January 1991, p. A12 9997:Beyond a Reasonable Doubt 8815:. US Army. Archived from 8807:Douglas A. Borer (2003). 8481:. Cfr.org. Archived from 7925:Knights, Michael (2005). 7792:' is itself a subject of 7732:Loss of Strength Gradient 7669:Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 7657:Conflict: Desert Storm II 7638:Dutch Ministry of Defense 7601:Scud and Patriot missiles 7574:Global Positioning System 7372:Apart from the impact on 6768:Aftermath of the Gulf War 6229:. This ultimately led to 6021: 5943: 5869:Operation Provide Comfort 5805:Coalition of the Gulf War 5670:End of active hostilities 5459:armored fighting vehicles 5069: 5049:, and the 4th Battalion, 5022:Iraqi tanks destroyed by 4144:National Security Advisor 4040:National Security Council 3943:, the Royal Residence of 3875:Before the invasion, the 3553:Operation Provide Comfort 3549:Southwest Asia Cease-Fire 3484:Operation Desert Farewell 3274:American military history 3204:. British prime minister 2736:Bush School of Government 2552: 2539: 2526: 2516: 2506: 2468: 2447: 2426: 2405: 2384: 2363: 2347: 2326: 2310: 2289: 2268: 2247: 2226: 2205: 2110:November 1963 coup d'état 1966: 1956: 1946: 1936: 1926: 1696: 1565:Invasion of Kuwait (1990) 1555:Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988) 1550: 1467: 1434:17 ships sunk, 6 captured 1382: 1357: 894: 290: 166: 140:laying down a smokescreen 132:burning Kuwaiti oil wells 55: 50: 32:Gulf War (disambiguation) 27103:Wars involving Australia 27098:Wars involving Argentina 27093:Gulf Cooperation Council 26651:Gulf Cooperation Council 25217:1980 Turkish coup d'état 25052:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 25022:1978 Somali coup attempt 24982:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 24947:1973 Chilean coup d'état 24772:Revolutionary Government 24666:South African Border War 24458:1960 Turkish coup d'état 24375:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 24230:1953 Iranian coup d'état 24210:1952 Egyptian revolution 23644:Northern Mariana Islands 22217:Strike wave of 1945–1946 20954:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq 20865:Administrative divisions 19891:Clinton administration → 19704:Wetlands Reserve Program 19625:Civil Rights Act of 1991 19395:Supreme Court candidates 19227:templates for discussion 18885:2021 U.S. Capitol attack 18845:Battle of Blair Mountain 18374:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 18369:1980 Turkish coup d'état 18188:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 18120:1953 Iranian coup d'état 18115:1952 Egyptian revolution 17843:1919 Egyptian revolution 17826:Mount Lebanon starvation 17726:History of the M1 Abrams 17596:Amiriyah shelter bombing 17220:31 December 2010 at the 16997:The Manchurian Candidate 16916: 16733:Tucker, Spencer (2010). 16718:. New York: Henry Holt. 16611:Riley, Jonathon (2010). 16386:"Gulf War Photo Gallery" 16239:"First Persian Gulf War" 16173:. Common Courage Press. 15964:Desert Storm: Ground War 14893:. London. Archived from 14699:"Frontline: War Stories" 14486:, Basingstoke: MacMillan 14396:Clancy & Horner 1999 14155:20 November 2008 at the 14132:2 September 2013 at the 13504:18 November 2018 at the 11442:19 February 2014 at the 10794:12 November 2018 at the 10526:U.S. Department of State 10365:18 November 2018 at the 10338:18 November 2018 at the 9995:Waldman, Shmuel (2005). 9917:www.margaretthatcher.org 9618:"The Kuwaiti Resistance" 8572:: CS1 maint: location ( 8120:21 February 2014 at the 7758: 7559:cruise missiles fly by. 7150:1998 US embassy bombings 7123:Operation Southern Watch 7117:Operation Southern Watch 6815:gene, which produces an 6709:US Department of Defense 6307: 6060: 6018:against the Iraqi Navy. 5311:Bradley Fighting Vehicle 5094:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 5031:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 5024:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 5014:Task Force 1-41 Infantry 4813:including the ill-fated 3859:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait 3291: 3259:Iraq–Saudi Arabia border 2899:Thousand points of light 2680:This article is part of 1968:Baath Party (pro-Syrian) 1469:Kuwaiti civilian losses: 1463:19 ships sunk, 6 damaged 143:British troops from the 27213:Wars involving Pakistan 26875:Arabian Gulf rugby team 26870:Arabian Gulf Futsal Cup 26820:Qatar diplomatic crisis 25422:Fall of the Berlin Wall 25367:People Power Revolution 25352:Central American crisis 25292:1986 Black Sea incident 24942:1973 Afghan coup d'état 24840:Western Sahara conflict 24651:1966 Syrian coup d'état 24574:1963 Syrian coup d'état 24517:Portuguese Colonial War 24480:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 24245:1954 Syrian coup d'état 24122:Annexation of Hyderabad 24065:1947–1949 Palestine war 23179:Middle Eastern American 22996:Technology and industry 21866:Seneca Falls Convention 21667:Continental Association 21567:Settlement of Jamestown 20513:Mandate for Mesopotamia 20387:First Babylonian Empire 20238:Category:Saddam Hussein 19954:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge 19882:← Reagan administration 19752:Immigration Act of 1990 19535:Chemical Weapons Accord 19144:Wars involving the U.S. 18981:Philippine–American War 18865:1960s ghetto rebellions 18603:War in Iraq (2013–2017) 18451:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War 18446:Yemeni Civil War (1994) 18256:1966 Syrian coup d'état 18183:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 18024:Allied invasion of Iraq 17971:Saudi–Yemeni War (1934) 17894:Mahmud Barzanji revolts 17661:Draining of the marshes 17431:Battle of Dasman Palace 17279:Friendly-fire Incidents 17248:17 October 2015 at the 16592:Odgers, George (1999). 16556:Wright, Steven (2007). 16412:. London: John Murray. 16319:Hawley., T. M. (1992). 15715:McNamara, Joel (2007). 15576:4 February 2013 at the 15497:"Obituary: Bob Simpson" 15419:Lori Robertson (2007). 15196:Leckie, Robert (1998). 14760:"War Story:John Peters" 14484:The Wars Against Saddam 14338:www.publichealth.va.gov 13716:3 February 2014 at the 13693:20 October 2017 at the 12936:Hersh, Seymour (2005). 12801:12 October 2017 at the 11202:Ministerie van Defensie 11048:Nature Publishing Group 10196:26 October 2016 at the 10180:, 15 January 1991, p. 1 10167:, 16 January 1991, p. 1 10022:1 February 2008 at the 9946:. New York. pp. A1 9852:"Resolution 661 (1990)" 9219:11 January 2017 at the 8760:(subscription required) 8509:5 December 2017 at the 8017:Halberstadt 1991. p. 35 7883:www.casi.org.uk/discuss 7684:memoir of the same name 7586:and the US Air Force's 7350: 7083:Abuse of Coalition POWs 6993:The Wars Against Saddam 6827:. By contrast, GWS was 5788:Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah 5637:101st Airborne Division 5621:US XVIII Airborne Corps 5583:Battle of Wadi al-Batin 5544:Initial moves into Iraq 5344:was represented by the 4463:Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. 4435:Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. 3921:, west of Kuwait City. 3611:on 19–20 December 1983. 3461:was the US name of the 3453:Operation Desert Shield 3322:Operation Iraqi Freedom 3138:, which began with the 3132:Operation Desert Shield 2170:Intervention in Lebanon 1958:Baath Party (pro-Iraqi) 1639:War in Iraq (2013–2017) 1451:80,000–175,000 captured 1378:3,000 artillery systems 1211:Youssef Sabri Abu Taleb 1091:Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah 184:Operation Desert Shield 27293:Wars involving Germany 27243:Wars involving Senegal 27233:Wars involving Romania 27183:Wars involving Morocco 27153:Wars involving Hungary 27133:Wars involving Denmark 27118:Wars involving Belgium 27108:Wars involving Bahrain 26844:Exercise North Thunder 26839:Peninsula Shield Force 26832:Saudi-led intervention 26803:2011 Bahraini uprising 25716:Neoclassical economics 25227:Gulf of Sidra incident 24784:1969 Libyan revolution 24475:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 24260:1954 Geneva Conference 24020:Turkish straits crisis 24015:Corfu Channel incident 23299:Admission to the Union 22665:Afghanistan withdrawal 22660:January 6 insurrection 22579:Rise in mass shootings 22551:Virginia Tech shooting 22104:Paris Peace Conference 21878:Second Great Awakening 21617:American Enlightenment 20672:Insurgency (2011–2013) 20593:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 20397:Middle Assyrian Empire 19801:National Space Council 19697:USDA Rural Development 19549:1991 Madrid Conference 19189:Conscientious objector 19091:First Libyan Civil War 18961:Second Fiji expedition 18941:Ivory Coast expedition 18875:1992 Los Angeles riots 18835:Colorado Coalfield War 18727:Listed chronologically 18548:2011 Bahraini uprising 18532:South Yemen insurgency 18413:Abu Nidal's executions 18398:1986 Damascus bombings 18177:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 18029:Syria–Lebanon campaign 17799:Middle Eastern theatre 17731:Lion of Babylon (tank) 17581:"Package Q" air strike 17455:Coalition intervention 17130:(by Anthony Swofford) 16968:(1992) (a documentary) 16908:Ministero Della Difesa 16690:Simons, Geoff (2004). 16223:34.1 (2004): 113–131. 16167:Blum, William (1995). 16144:; Shidlo, Gil (eds.). 16140:Barzilai, Gad (1993). 16126:Jewish Virtual Library 14856:10 August 2011 at the 14565:"Jordanians of Kuwait" 14482:Simpson, John (2003), 14271:10.1186/1476-069X-4-17 13597:. 2001. Archived from 13090:Minestero Della Difesa 12911:"www.nationmaster.com" 12290:Halberstadt P.117, 121 12078:U.S. Marines in Battle 11814:Lingamfelter P.190-191 11204:. 2009. Archived from 11171:. 1991. Archived from 10857:Lee, Robin J. (2002). 10358:, 23 September 2002, " 9895:Lori Fisler Damrosch, 9755:Jewish Virtual Library 9587:. 2010. Archived from 9013:Cleveland, William L. 8426:"Frontline Chronology" 8140:6 October 2014 at the 7904:www.thefreelibrary.com 7651:Conflict: Desert Storm 7610: 7552: 7360: 7331: 7266:Wetlands International 7182:Sanctions against Iraq 7073: 7060: 7037:Saudi Arabia expelled 6980:Patrick Day Sloyan of 6964: 6948: 6919: 6862: 6704: 6255:During the nationwide 6240:stealth planes bombed 6209: 6122: 6045: 5924:to participate on the 5901: 5814: 5778: 5685: 5615: 5556: 5554:Operation Desert Storm 5515: 5463:12th Armored Divisions 5398: 5302: 5252:Battle of Medina Ridge 5233:Battle of Medina Ridge 5212: 5141: 5083: 5043:41st Infantry Regiment 5027: 5002:Counter reconnaissance 4971: 4722: 4678: 4562: 4555:Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. 4446: 4424:Germany's constitution 4372: 4319:Langley Air Force Base 4275: 4225: 4169: 4131: 4080: 4060:later affirmed by the 3993: 3965:Iraqi Republican Guard 3905: 3854: 3824: 3815: 3758: 3612: 3477:Operation Desert Storm 3473:Operation Desert Sword 3469:Operation Desert Sabre 3459:Operation Desert Storm 3428: 3419: 3401: 3396: 3324:"). The war was named 3278:Battle of Medina Ridge 3136:Operation Desert Storm 2980:Presidential campaigns 2914:Operation Restore Hope 2198:Regional organisations 2050:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 1791:"Package Q" Air Strike 1728:Coalition intervention 1500:Other civilian losses: 1480:Iraqi civilian losses: 1459:110 aircraft destroyed 1369:2,200 artillery pieces 1313:Hussein Kamel al-Majid 1289:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 1187:Prince Turki Al Faisal 895:Commanders and leaders 273:and construction of a 198:Operation Desert Storm 145:Staffordshire Regiment 27273:Wars involving Turkey 27263:Wars involving Sweden 27223:Wars involving Poland 27203:Wars involving Norway 27173:Wars involving Kuwait 27163:Wars involving Israel 27148:Wars involving Greece 27143:Wars involving France 27123:Wars involving Canada 26917:GCC U-23 Championship 26912:GCC U-19 Championship 26907:GCC U-17 Championship 26566:Russia–NATO relations 26447:Jonathan Reed Winkler 25731:Democratic capitalism 25726:Supply-side economics 25694:American conservatism 25493:Breakup of Yugoslavia 25382:Bougainville conflict 25297:South Yemen civil war 25232:Martial law in Poland 25095:Nicaraguan Revolution 25070:Dirty War (Argentina) 24877:1971 JVP insurrection 24691:Years of Lead (Italy) 24569:North Yemen civil war 24487:Berlin Crisis of 1961 24463:Albanian–Soviet split 24395:1959 Tibetan uprising 24360:Syrian Crisis of 1957 24215:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 24075:1948 Arab–Israeli War 23291:Territorial evolution 22655:George Floyd Protests 22638:Unite the Right rally 22507:Oklahoma City bombing 22502:Republican Revolution 22449:Space Shuttle program 22271:Civil Rights Movement 22239:North Atlantic Treaty 22047:Sherman Antitrust Act 22032:Chinese Exclusion Act 21622:French and Indian War 21612:Prelude to Revolution 21597:First Great Awakening 21557:European colonization 20959:in post-invasion Iraq 20665:U.S. troop withdrawal 20427:Neo-Babylonian Empire 19676:Forest Legacy Program 19381:Judicial appointments 19159:Territorial evolution 19139:Conflicts in the U.S. 19061:Intervention in Haiti 18951:First Fiji expedition 18388:South Yemen civil war 18287:Shatt al-Arab clashes 18212:Mar. 1963 Syrian coup 18201:North Yemen civil war 18150:1958 Iraqi revolution 18077:1948 Arab–Israeli War 18071:Arab–Israeli conflict 17940:Sheikh Said rebellion 17804:Battle of Robat Karim 17617:Iraq–Israel relations 17436:Battle of the Bridges 17238:(via Wayback Machine) 17153:(by Firyal AlShalabi) 17124:series by James Ferro 16642:Roberts, Paul William 16619:. Continuum. p. 16596:. Sydney: Lansdowne. 16230:29 April 2019 at the 15423:. AJR. Archived from 15405:26 April 2012 at the 14781:The One that Got Away 14446:, New York, p. 1 14303:Marshall, AC (2005). 11088:"The Gulf War (1991)" 10412:"Gulf war fast facts" 9811:The History Professor 9129:Yousseff M. Ibrahim, 8847:John Wiley & Sons 8780:John Wiley & Sons 8691:John Wiley & Sons 8655:John Wiley & Sons 8601:"Gulf War – FRICTION" 8041:Knights in the Desert 7909:30 April 2011 at the 7722:Iraq–Russia relations 7608: 7536: 7527:Further information: 7358: 7329: 7242:2003 Invasion of Iraq 7146:Khobar Towers bombing 7107:Black Hawk helicopter 7068: 7055: 6958: 6937: 6914: 6865:The US military used 6860: 6698: 6204: 6120: 6051:French Foreign Legion 6035: 5916:) and a supply ship, 5888: 5812: 5799:Coalition involvement 5766: 5691:uprising in the south 5683: 5601: 5551: 5505: 5467:10th Armored Division 5461:. The Iraqi 10th and 5395: 5300: 5217:Battle of Al Busayyah 5198: 5135: 5077: 5021: 4969: 4717: 4669: 4662:Gulf War air campaign 4622:Amnesty International 4548: 4432: 4369: 4273: 4223: 4163: 4129: 4078: 4070:London Summit of 1984 3981: 3915:Battle of the Bridges 3898:Kuwaiti Armed Forces 3897: 3845: 3819: 3810: 3806:US Ambassador to Iraq 3756: 3717:Saudi–Iraqi relations 3650:Reagan administration 3603: 3488:Operation Desert Calm 3359:2003 invasion of Iraq 3332:U.S. invasion of Iraq 3200:with the adoption of 3146:on 28 February 1991. 2766:Reagan administration 2554:Sudanese Ba'ath Party 2165:Corrective Revolution 2005:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 1483:3,664 killed directly 1453:3,300 tanks destroyed 1415:75 aircraft destroyed 1383:Casualties and losses 1363:Over 950,000 soldiers 1079:Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmad 27268:Wars involving Syria 27258:Wars involving Spain 27228:Wars involving Qatar 27198:Wars involving Niger 27168:Wars involving Italy 27138:Wars involving Egypt 27058:1991 in Saudi Arabia 27053:1990 in Saudi Arabia 26786:Geopolitical history 26735:Gulf Conformity mark 26690:United Arab Emirates 25987:Non-Aligned Movement 25609:Peaceful coexistence 25563:North Borneo dispute 25478:German reunification 25473:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 25171:Salvadoran Civil War 25120:Grand Mosque seizure 25115:Yemenite War of 1979 25007:Mozambican Civil War 24962:Carnation Revolution 24917:Yemenite War of 1972 24855:1970 Polish protests 24686:1967 Hong Kong riots 24661:Argentine Revolution 24611:Guatemalan Civil War 24539:Cuban Missile Crisis 24453:Bay of Pigs Invasion 24325:1956 Poznań protests 24303:Geneva Summit (1955) 23905:Hukbalahap Rebellion 23884:Non-Aligned Movement 23205:Palestinian American 22632:Obergefell v. Hodges 22524:September 11 attacks 22360:Second-wave feminism 22281:Cuban Missile Crisis 22141:Bath School disaster 22059:Spanish–American War 22022:The Gospel of Wealth 21901:California Gold Rush 21861:Mexican–American War 21851:Nullification crisis 21819:Era of Good Feelings 21719:Confederation period 21627:Proclamation of 1763 21577:Atlantic slave trade 20908:Council of Ministers 20790:Mesopotamian Marshes 20062:The Fortified Castle 20055:Zabibah and the King 19829:Truth in Savings Act 19780:Lead and Copper Rule 19655:FDIC Improvement Act 19505:Soviet Union summits 19353:Presidential pardons 19021:Bay of Pigs Invasion 18976:Spanish–American War 18946:Mexican–American War 18870:Kent State shootings 18860:Puerto Rican revolts 18790:American Indian Wars 18527:Fatah–Hamas conflict 18463:Operation Desert Fox 18436:1991 Iraqi uprisings 18430:Gulf War (1990–1991) 18341:Grand Mosque seizure 18319:Yemenite War of 1979 18277:Yemenite War of 1972 18217:Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup 18207:Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup 17961:Ahmed Barzani revolt 17872:Turkish–Armenian War 17361:Disarmament timeline 17157:Third Graders at War 17053:(by Douglas Foster) 16898:. 25 September 2015. 16516:Munro, Alan (2006). 16340:Hiro, Dilip (1992). 15617:"War, Oil and Power" 15472:Lucas, Dean (2007). 14849:Plotz, David (2001) 14783:by Chris Ryan & 14421:30 June 2017 at the 14250:Environmental Health 14021:: 14. 29 June 2003. 13344:on 19 February 2003. 13180:on 20 September 2016 13074:. 25 September 2015. 12774:, 29 September 2004" 10812:. Clemson University 10618:St. Petersburg Times 10522:"Luxembourg (09/06)" 9585:Newcastle University 9159:30 June 2017 at the 9136:30 June 2017 at the 8910:. 30 November 2017. 8406:19 July 2020 at the 8252:"Human Rights Watch" 7888:3 March 2016 at the 7438:improve this section 7428:may not represent a 7212:The draining of the 6528:United Arab Emirates 6242:a bunker in Amiriyah 6174:was deployed to the 5893:helicopter on board 5676:1991 Iraqi uprisings 5512:3rd Armored Division 5486:Liberation of Kuwait 5225:Battle of 73 Easting 4888:improve this article 4501:St. Petersburg Times 4362:Creating a coalition 4289:Dwight D. Eisenhower 4052:William Flynn Martin 4011:Kuwaiti resistance's 3990:transport helicopter 3863:Timeline of Gulf War 3591:Palestinian militant 3389:United Arab Emirates 3372:Liberation of Kuwait 3286:Battle of 73 Easting 3144:liberation of Kuwait 3124:42-country coalition 2884:Presidential library 2035:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 1938:Arab Ba'ath Movement 1813:Liberation of Kuwait 1786:Dhahran & Riyadh 1614:Iraq War (2003–2011) 1560:Gulf War (1990–1991) 1488:1991 Iraqi uprisings 1455:2,100 APCs destroyed 1447:20,000–50,000 killed 1409:1 M113 APC destroyed 1043:Peter de la Billière 870:United Arab Emirates 27208:Wars involving Oman 27158:Wars involving Iraq 26715:Dolphin Gas Project 26432:Alex von Tunzelmann 26422:Vladimir Tismăneanu 26347:Thomas J. McCormick 26342:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 26242:Robert Hugh Ferrell 26105:Crusade for Freedom 25902:Illiberal democracy 25786:Ho Chi Minh Thought 25589:Eisenhower Doctrine 25442:Peaceful Revolution 25437:Romanian Revolution 25417:Revolutions of 1989 25402:1988 Polish strikes 25312:Operation INFEKTION 25307:1987 Lieyu massacre 25212:Eritrean Civil Wars 25195:Peruvian Revolution 25145:1979 Herat uprising 25135:Sino-Vietnamese War 25100:Uganda–Tanzania War 25080:Egyptian–Libyan War 25047:Third Indochina War 25042:Sino-Albanian split 25032:Ethiopian Civil War 24932:Eritrean Civil Wars 24872:Ping-pong diplomacy 24845:Cambodian Civil War 24671:Korean DMZ Conflict 24656:Cultural Revolution 24626:Dominican Civil War 24604:Tlatelolco massacre 24390:1959 Mosul uprising 24380:1958 Lebanon crisis 24107:Al-Wathbah uprising 24030:First Indochina War 24000:Iran crisis of 1946 23654:U.S. Virgin Islands 23140:Lithuanian American 23096:Vietnamese American 22442:End of the Cold War 22432:Invasion of Grenada 22382:Iran hostage crisis 22131:Tulsa race massacre 21938:Election of Lincoln 21933:Dred Scott decision 21921:Kansas–Nebraska Act 21824:Missouri Compromise 21742:Northwest Ordinance 21732:Pennsylvania Mutiny 21727:and Perpetual Union 21687:American Revolution 21602:War of Jenkins' Ear 21170:Mesopotamian Arabic 20976:Freedom of religion 20422:Neo-Assyrian Empire 20392:Old Assyrian Period 20377:Neo-Sumerian Empire 19988:Human rights record 19852:1992 VRA Amendments 19845:Ryan White CARE Act 19360:International trips 19036:Invasion of Grenada 19031:Dominican Civil War 18675:This list includes 18643:2021 Beirut clashes 18503:2004 Qamishli riots 18380:Turkey–PKK conflict 18336:1979 Qatif Uprising 18155:1959 Mosul uprising 18145:1958 Lebanon crisis 18092:1973 Yom Kippur War 18063:Iran crisis of 1946 18051:Al-Wathbah uprising 18041:1943 Barzani revolt 17935:Great Syrian Revolt 17915:Iraqi Revolt (1920) 17838:Simko Shikak revolt 17719:Military technology 17694:Iraq–Kuwait barrier 17462:U.N. Resolution 661 17446:U.N. Resolution 660 17284:1 June 2013 at the 17192:Gulf War Discussion 16965:Lessons of Darkness 16672:The Gulf War Reader 16245:on 21 January 2007. 16207:on 27 December 2005 16096:The Washington Post 15966:by Hans Halberstadt 15870:. 27 February 2022. 15792:on 23 December 2003 15552:. .folha.uol.com.br 15319:figures follow the 15252:Husain, T. (1995). 15200:The Wars of America 15006:on 28 October 2012. 14721:New York Daily News 14679:on 7 September 2006 14618:The Daily Telegraph 14504:"The PLO in Kuwait" 14398:, pp. 499–500. 14262:2005EnvHe...4...17H 13947:on 21 October 2009. 13232:9 July 2009 at the 13228:, 22 October 2002. 12958:. 16 September 2014 12776:. 28 September 2004 12758:. 12 December 2004. 12408:, pp. 333–337. 11977:. We Are The Mighty 11888:. 26 February 1991. 11866:. We Are The Mighty 11764:, pp. 113–133. 11703:, pp. 156–157. 11623:, pp. 159–160. 11382:The Washington Post 11295:The Washington Post 11255:The Washington Post 11175:on 28 December 2008 11029:(28 January 1993). 10565:The Washington Post 10418:on 12 November 2020 10287:on 1 September 2021 9934:Friedman, Thomas L. 9817:on 14 January 2005. 9790:(2). Archived from 9226:, 23 September 1990 9152:Michael R. Gordon, 9093:, pp. 337–338. 8989:, pp. 339–340. 8964:, pp. 343–344. 8908:The Daily Telegraph 8891:, pp. 341–342. 8454:. 16 January 2001. 7970:on 1 November 2009. 7584:Grumman E-2 Hawkeye 7166:Rahimullah Yusufzai 7051:The Washington Post 7034:) lived in Kuwait. 6756:A-10 Thunderbolt II 6337: 6231:civilian casualties 6227:command and control 6135:Naval Air Squadrons 5938:major non-NATO ally 5824:checkbook diplomacy 5758:A World Transformed 5569:escaping to Syria. 5427:Gazelle helicopters 5358:1st Marine Division 5350:2nd Marine Division 5346:1st Marine Division 5319:Boeing AH-64 Apache 5292:11th Aviation Group 5047:66th Armor Regiment 4581:Kuwait's government 4577:Hill & Knowlton 4509:abuses under Saddam 4168:during the Gulf War 4085:UN Security Council 3973:Ali Hassan al-Majid 3698:balance of payments 3658:ceasefire with Iran 3208:and U.S. president 2924:International trips 2776:second inauguration 1597:Iraq bombing (1998) 1349:Salah Aboud Mahmoud 1337:Muzahim Saab Hassan 1277:Ali Hassan al-Majid 1067:Michel Roquejeoffre 1055:François Mitterrand 269:Establishment of a 156:camera view from a 26770:homosexuality test 26586:Russian Revolution 26382:Mary Elise Sarotte 26367:William B. Pickett 26292:Patrick J. Hearden 26272:Gabriel Gorodetsky 26267:Timothy Garton Ash 26252:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 25847:Ethnic nationalism 25599:Hallstein Doctrine 25483:Yemeni unification 25272:1985 Geneva Summit 25237:Casamance conflict 25140:New Jewel Movement 25125:Iranian Revolution 25110:Chadian–Libyan War 25057:Cambodian conflict 25037:Lebanese Civil War 25027:Western Sahara War 25002:June 1976 protests 24997:Cambodian genocide 24762:17 July Revolution 24716:Nigerian Civil War 24631:Rhodesian Bush War 24616:Colombian conflict 24559:Ramadan Revolution 24298:Bandung Conference 24174:Operation Valuable 24055:Partition of India 23304:Historical regions 23260:Transgender people 22818:Capital punishment 22677:Support of Ukraine 22626:Black Lives Matter 22534:War in Afghanistan 22459:Invasion of Panama 22415:Iran–Contra affair 22276:Early–mid Cold War 22146:Harlem Renaissance 22005:Compromise of 1877 21980:Reconstruction era 21916:Fugitive Slave Act 21911:Compromise of 1850 21856:Westward expansion 21794:Louisiana Purchase 21637:Stamp Act Congress 21582:King William's War 21101:Telecommunications 21076:Foreign Investment 21013:Wars and conflicts 20949:in pre-Saddam Iraq 20913:Presidency Council 20699:2019–2021 protests 20628:Invasion of Kuwait 20452:Sassanid Asorestan 20447:Parthian Babylonia 20442:Seleucid Babylonia 20437:Achaemenid Assyria 20352:Jemdet Nasr period 20220:The Devil's Double 20199:Al-ayyam al-tawila 19949:17 July Revolution 19579:NAFTA negotiations 19570:Unified Task Force 19528:Invasion of Panama 19434:Clinton transition 19076:War in Afghanistan 19046:Invasion of Panama 19041:Lebanese Civil War 18966:Formosa Expedition 18926:Second Barbary War 18880:2020 racial unrest 18815:Johnson County War 18810:Lincoln County War 18785:American Civil War 18780:Harpers Ferry raid 18755:Turner's Rebellion 18324:Iranian Revolution 18293:Lebanese Civil War 18239:1948 Palestine war 17986:1935 Yazidi revolt 17877:Franco-Turkish War 17666:Gulf War oil spill 17482:Military equipment 17423:Invasion of Kuwait 17201:Historical Context 17188:(Video: ABC, 1991) 17102:(by James Chapman) 16941:Courage Under Fire 16784:on 3 February 2007 16710:Smith, Jean Edward 16543:on 2 December 2005 16447:Lowry, Richard S. 16300:"Gulf War crimes?" 16076:on 5 December 2005 15772:Cirincione, Joseph 15638:"News World Order" 15341:ODI Briefing Paper 15233:on 28 October 2002 15177:on 5 December 2006 15171:United States Navy 14897:on 19 January 2008 14798:"A Woman's Burden" 14385:on 14 August 2014. 14233:. 29 January 2001. 14230:The New York Times 14125:Elizabeth Neuffer 13848:inmemoriam.army.cz 13753:The New York Times 13733:. Country-data.com 13699:The New York Times 13663:. Country-data.com 13292:The New York Times 13206:. 9 January 2003. 13059:Kenneth J. Summers 12822:on 12 January 2011 12491:The New York Times 12020:, pp. 75, 92. 11666:. 20 January 2015. 11450:. 1 February 2014. 11448:Air Force Magazine 11234:The New York Times 10706:Washington Monthly 10624:on 4 February 2013 10593:on 16 January 2011 10398:The New York Times 10130:The New York Times 10102:The New York Times 9971:The New York Times 9943:The New York Times 9936:(22 August 1990). 9899:, West Group, 2001 9594:on 19 October 2013 9519:on 6 November 2014 9242:The New York Times 9198:. 24 January 2008. 9034:The New York Times 8819:on 11 October 2006 8731:Middle East Report 8331:on 24 January 2005 7964:"Persian Gulf War" 7815:State of Palestine 7611: 7553: 7499:War, Oil and Power 7397:European Community 7361: 7332: 7282:Gulf War oil spill 7077:water purification 7028:Jordanian citizens 6965: 6920: 6863: 6728:US Army Reservists 6724:Al Hussein missile 6705: 6335: 6264:Harvard University 6210: 6123: 6097:Al Dhafra Air Base 6067:Operazione Locusta 6046: 5985:Operation Friction 5950:Operation Friction 5914:ARA Rosales (P-42) 5902: 5815: 5793:The New York Times 5783:On 15 March 1991, 5686: 5616: 5557: 5516: 5399: 5303: 5213: 5142: 5122:Apache helicopters 5084: 5028: 4972: 4723: 4679: 4617:The New York Times 4587:of members of the 4563: 4523:population in the 4513:biological weapons 4447: 4373: 4348:fast sealift ships 4276: 4238:Islamic revolution 4226: 4170: 4132: 4104:economic sanctions 4081: 3994: 3906: 3855: 3838:Invasion of Kuwait 3759: 3683:, had concluded a 3638:arms sales to Iraq 3613: 3597:in December 1979. 3517:Operazione Locusta 3505:Operation Friction 3397:la Guerre du Golfe 3254:Iraq–Kuwait border 3187:Kuwait Governorate 3175:Republic of Kuwait 2904:Invasion of Panama 2771:first inauguration 2512:1960–1962/63 2140:De-Ba'athification 2115:17 July Revolution 2105:Ramadan Revolution 1700:Invasion of Kuwait 1007:Robert B. Johnston 947:Norman Schwarzkopf 279:Iraq–Kuwait border 275:separation barrier 271:demilitarized zone 191: – 177: – 26957: 26956: 26951: 26950: 26750:Khaleeji currency 26720:GCC Patent Office 26617: 26616: 26604:List of conflicts 26452:Rudolph Winnacker 26397:Giles Scott-Smith 26372:Ronald E. Powaski 26327:Melvyn P. Leffler 26257:John Lewis Gaddis 26232:Robert D. English 26197:Warren H. Carroll 26187:Michael Beschloss 26156:Nuclear arms race 26137: 26136: 26043:Neues Deutschland 25945: 25944: 25927:White nationalism 25897:Liberal democracy 25634:Ulbricht Doctrine 25624:Brezhnev Doctrine 25432:Velvet Revolution 25176:Soviet–Afghan War 24992:Angolan Civil War 24789:Goulash Communism 24646:ASEAN Declaration 24599:Mexican Dirty War 24497:Annexation of Goa 24448:1960 U-2 incident 24422:Sino-Soviet split 24400:Laotian Civil War 24240:Bricker Amendment 24220:Mau Mau rebellion 24164:Malayan Emergency 24152:Chinese Civil War 24112:Tito–Stalin split 23966:Division of Korea 23790: 23789: 23748: 23747: 23744: 23743: 23309:American frontier 23270: 23269: 23200:Lebanese American 23185:Egyptian American 23120:Estonian American 23110:Albanian American 23104:European American 23081:Japanese American 23071:Filipino American 23032: 23031: 22694: 22693: 22690: 22689: 22643:COVID-19 pandemic 22546:Hurricane Katrina 22487:Los Angeles riots 22377:Watergate scandal 22222:Start of Cold War 22190:Manhattan Project 21777:Whiskey Rebellion 21607:King George's War 21572:Thirteen Colonies 21533:Pre-Columbian Era 21444: 21443: 21392: 21391: 21388: 21387: 21378:Mandaean New Year 21129: 21128: 21021: 21020: 21003:Political parties 20898:Foreign relations 20843: 20842: 20750:Lower Mesopotamia 20745:Upper Mesopotamia 20718: 20717: 20714: 20713: 20478:Abbasid Caliphate 20473:Umayyad Caliphate 20382:Isin-Larsa period 20245: 20244: 20152:Khairallah Talfah 20146:Samira Shahbandar 19901: 19900: 19639:Acid Rain Program 19490: 19489: 19474:1992 SOTU Address 19467:1991 SOTU Address 19460:1990 SOTU Address 19411:Executive actions 19339:Broccoli comments 19332:Vomiting incident 19212: 19211: 19174:Casualties of war 19006:Russian Civil War 18971:Korean Expedition 18916:First Barbary War 18795:Brooks–Baxter War 18750:Fries's Rebellion 18745:Whiskey Rebellion 18687: 18686: 17910:Franco-Syrian War 17867:Greco-Turkish War 17855:Anglo-Turkish War 17821:Assyrian genocide 17816:Armenian genocide 17787:Italo-Turkish War 17739: 17738: 17676:Gulf War syndrome 17651:Kuwaiti oil fires 17523:Phase Line Bullet 17441:Battle of Failaka 17356:Conflict timeline 17271:Liberating Kuwait 17167:Harold Livingston 17163:To Die in Babylon 17136:978-0-7432-3535-8 17114:978-1-4751-4705-6 17095:978-0-553-09126-7 17087:Frederick Forsyth 17076:978-0-440-21880-7 17059:978-1-4137-9902-6 16973:Live from Baghdad 16925:Dawn of the World 16882:on 31 August 2019 16808:978-0-8133-4833-9 16748:978-1-84725-250-0 16725:978-0-8050-1388-7 16715:George Bush's War 16701:978-1-4039-1770-6 16682:978-0-8129-1947-9 16667:Cerf, Christopher 16657:978-0-374-13823-3 16630:978-1-84725-250-0 16603:978-1-86302-669-7 16567:978-0-86372-321-6 16527:978-1-84511-128-1 16492:978-0-393-03108-9 16460:MacArthur, John. 16455:on 15 April 2008. 16419:978-0-7195-5605-0 16376:978-0-399-14493-6 16353:978-0-415-90657-9 16332:978-0-15-103969-2 16290:978-1-84176-574-7 16280:The Gulf War 1991 16261:978-1-890974-18-3 16180:978-1-56751-052-2 16159:978-0-415-08002-6 16031:978-1-84603-694-1 16008:978-1-55750-081-6 15998:Burton, James G. 15991:978-1-55571-493-2 15921:978-1-57441-232-1 15728:978-0-470-19923-7 15571:A Guerra do Golfo 15386:978-0-8330-2329-2 15277:on 21 August 2010 15211:978-0-7858-0914-2 15023:BMJ Global Health 14988:(December 2001). 14655:(December 2001). 14427:The Seattle Times 14414:Sloyan, Patrick. 13529:978-0-16-041950-8 13497:, 22 March 1991 " 13419:BMJ Global Health 13204:Los Angeles Times 13174:The Jewish Agency 13052:978-1-55002-257-5 12895:978-1-4000-5363-6 12881:Don't Tread on Me 12861:978-973-663-499-4 12816:"Den 1. Golfkrig" 12642:978-0-472-03480-2 12614:, "The Gulf War". 12168:on 9 January 2016 11275:Cheney, Richard: 11027:Gronlund, Lisbeth 10895:978-0-395-71083-8 10766:, pp. 31–33. 10736:John R. MacArthur 10178:Houston Chronicle 10074:Washington Bureau 10005:978-1-58330-806-6 9794:on 4 August 2002. 9623:Middle East Forum 9447:on 6 October 2014 9416:on 18 August 2009 9394:978-0-631-16848-5 9181:, pp. 25–26. 8975:New Straits Times 8860:978-0-471-54299-5 8793:978-0-471-54299-5 8708:978-0-471-54299-5 8668:978-0-471-54299-5 8551:978-1-009-25727-5 8542:Purpose and Power 8485:on 2 January 2011 8313:. 10 August 2007. 8222:978-1-4738-3730-0 8215:. Pen and Sword. 7946:978-1-59114-444-1 7615:ballistic missile 7588:Boeing E-3 Sentry 7470: 7469: 7462: 7316:Kuwaiti oil fires 7310:Kuwaiti oil fires 6961:armored bulldozer 6951:Bulldozer assault 6819:that deactivates 6785:Gulf War syndrome 6779:Gulf War syndrome 6693: 6692: 6294:Middle East Watch 6176:Mediterranean Sea 6163:; other R.N. and 6161:-class destroyers 6016:Battle of Bubiyan 5931:Malvinas syndrome 5865:Operation Habitat 5342:U.S. Marine Corps 5256:Battle of Norfolk 5241:Battle of Rumaila 5229:Battle of Norfolk 5101:artillery barrage 5088:Battle of Norfolk 5045:, 3rd Battalion, 5008:Battle of Norfolk 4964: 4963: 4956: 4938: 4736:Israeli Air Force 4604:John R. MacArthur 4541:Nayirah testimony 4525:Al-Anfal campaign 4456:Afghan mujahideen 4439:George H. W. Bush 4331:Al Kharj Air Base 4284:aircraft carriers 4066:Margaret Thatcher 4044:George H. W. Bush 4024:Run-up to the war 3924:Kuwaiti aircraft 3903:main battle tanks 3817:Glaspie replied: 3776:aerial refuelling 3710:Rumaila oil field 3677:province of Basra 3440:Operational names 3429:Zweiter Golfkrieg 3351:western countries 3282:Battle of Norfolk 3210:George H. W. Bush 3206:Margaret Thatcher 3183:Basra Governorate 3167:Rumaila oil field 3110: 3109: 2716:Electoral history 2697: 2696: 2689:George H. W. Bush 2662: 2661: 2565: 2564: 2518:Socialist Lebanon 2489: 2488: 2160:1966 coup d'états 1979: 1978: 1885: 1884: 1835:Phase Line Bullet 1781:Air to Air combat 1654: 1653: 1544:Persian Gulf Wars 1511: 1510: 1472:Over 1,000 killed 1325:Abid Hamid Mahmud 1151:Khalid bin Sultan 1019:Margaret Thatcher 995:Stanley R. Arthur 911:George H. W. Bush 400:Afghan mujahideen 286: 285: 16:(Redirected from 27300: 27010: 27009: 26998: 26997: 26996: 26986: 26985: 26984: 26974: 26973: 26972: 26965: 26942: 26941: 26865:Arabian Gulf Cup 26827:Yemeni Civil War 26702: 26644: 26637: 26630: 26621: 26620: 26362:David S. Painter 26287:John Earl Haynes 26217:Nicholas J. Cull 26202:Adrian Cioroianu 26182:Thomas A. Bailey 26129:Voice of America 26020: 26019: 25932:White separatism 25912:Social democracy 25907:Guided democracy 25887:Authoritarianism 25837:Ultranationalism 25827:Anti-imperialism 25754:Marxism–Leninism 25667: 25666: 25654:Kinmen Agreement 25619:Johnson Doctrine 25604:Kennedy Doctrine 25520:Frozen conflicts 25503:1991 August Coup 25392:Afghan Civil War 25287:Reykjavík Summit 25282:Somali Rebellion 25222:Ugandan Bush War 25200:Gdańsk Agreement 24721:Protests of 1968 24701:War of Attrition 24410:Cuban Revolution 24346:We will bury you 24313:Cyprus Emergency 24293:Kashmir Princess 24283:Jebel Akhdar War 24132:Western betrayal 23817: 23810: 23803: 23794: 23793: 23780: 23770: 23769: 23734: 23733: 23663:Outlying islands 23620:Washington, D.C. 23615:Federal District 23314:Manifest destiny 23287: 23286: 23276: 23275: 23218:Native Americans 23190:Iranian American 23164:Mexican American 23150:Serbian American 23135:Italian American 23125:Finnish American 23115:English American 23066:Chinese American 23053:African American 23038: 23037: 22843:Direct democracy 22833:The Constitution 22792:Higher education 22715:American Century 22700: 22699: 22153:Great Depression 22126:Women's suffrage 22116:Roaring Twenties 22042:Haymarket affair 22000:Enforcement Acts 21789:Jeffersonian era 21737:Shays' Rebellion 21657:Intolerable Acts 21652:Boston Tea Party 21587:Queen Anne's War 21515: 21514: 21504: 21503: 21471: 21464: 21457: 21448: 21447: 21434: 21433: 21424: 21423: 21414: 21404: 21403: 21148: 21147: 21135: 21134: 21066: 21027: 21026: 20878: 20849: 20848: 20835:Sinjar Mountains 20825:Zagros Mountains 20765:Hamrin Mountains 20724: 20723: 20687:Mosul liberation 20660:Iraqi insurgency 20582:National Command 20571: 20407:Simurrum culture 20310: 20309: 20297: 20296: 20286: 20285: 20284: 20272: 20265: 20258: 20249: 20248: 20236: 20235: 20182:Mustapha Hussein 20103:Alleged shredder 20069:Men and the City 20039: 19928: 19921: 19914: 19905: 19904: 19894: 19885: 19868: 19861: 19854: 19847: 19840: 19831: 19824: 19817: 19810: 19803: 19796: 19789: 19782: 19775: 19768: 19761: 19754: 19745: 19738: 19729: 19722: 19715: 19706: 19699: 19692: 19685: 19678: 19671: 19664: 19657: 19650: 19641: 19634: 19627: 19620: 19613: 19606: 19599: 19581: 19572: 19565: 19563:Somali Civil War 19558: 19551: 19544: 19537: 19530: 19521: 19514: 19507: 19483: 19476: 19469: 19462: 19455: 19441: 19440: 19436: 19427: 19420: 19418:Executive orders 19413: 19404: 19397: 19390: 19383: 19376: 19369: 19367:Oval Office desk 19362: 19355: 19348: 19341: 19334: 19325: 19318: 19311: 19304: 19297: 19290: 19283: 19256: 19249: 19242: 19233: 19232: 19164:Military history 19123:Yemeni civil war 19056:Somali Civil War 18956:Second Opium War 18825:Homestead strike 18740:Shays' Rebellion 18714: 18707: 18700: 18691: 18690: 18649:Israel–Hamas war 18576:Syrian civil war 18559:Sinai insurgency 18520:2006 Lebanon War 18195:Dhofar Rebellion 18130:Cyprus Emergency 18125:Jebel Akhdar War 18097:1982 Lebanon War 18087:1967 Six-Day War 17996:Dersim rebellion 17956:Ararat rebellion 17860:Al-Jazeera Front 17766: 17759: 17752: 17743: 17742: 17671:Depleted uranium 17610:Impact on Israel 17538:Highway of Death 17403:Operation Simoom 17338: 17331: 17324: 17315: 17314: 17302: 17301: 17256:Persian Gulf War 17239: 17233:compiled by the 17006:The Big Lebowski 16911: 16899: 16891: 16889: 16887: 16878:. Archived from 16871: 16869: 16867: 16849: 16847: 16845: 16829: 16823: 16815: 16793: 16791: 16789: 16768: 16766: 16764: 16752: 16740: 16729: 16705: 16686: 16661: 16637: 16618: 16607: 16588: 16586: 16584: 16571: 16560:. Ithaca Press. 16552: 16550: 16548: 16539:. Archived from 16531: 16512: 16510: 16508: 16496: 16472: 16470: 16468: 16456: 16443: 16441: 16439: 16423: 16410:Deception in War 16401: 16396: 16394: 16392: 16380: 16368: 16357: 16336: 16315: 16313: 16311: 16306:on 6 August 2011 16294: 16273: 16246: 16241:. Archived from 16216: 16214: 16212: 16203:. Archived from 16191: 16189: 16187: 16163: 16151: 16136: 16134: 16132: 16120:Bard, Mitchell. 16116: 16107: 16105: 16103: 16085: 16083: 16081: 16051: 15995: 15960: 15958: 15956: 15950: 15935: 15925: 15906: 15872: 15871: 15864: 15858: 15857: 15855: 15853: 15830: 15824: 15823: 15821: 15819: 15808: 15802: 15801: 15799: 15797: 15791: 15785:. Archived from 15780: 15774:(October 1992). 15768: 15759: 15758: 15756: 15754: 15739: 15733: 15732: 15712: 15706: 15705: 15703: 15701: 15696:on 28 March 2010 15686: 15680: 15679: 15677: 15675: 15655: 15649: 15648: 15646: 15644: 15634: 15628: 15627: 15625: 15623: 15613: 15607: 15606: 15604: 15602: 15587: 15581: 15568: 15562: 15561: 15559: 15557: 15546: 15540: 15538: 15536: 15534: 15525:. Archived from 15519: 15513: 15512: 15510: 15508: 15492: 15486: 15485: 15483: 15481: 15469: 15463: 15462: 15460: 15458: 15443: 15437: 15436: 15434: 15432: 15416: 15410: 15397: 15391: 15390: 15377:RAND Corporation 15374: 15363: 15357: 15356: 15354: 15352: 15347:on 3 August 2012 15333: 15324: 15314: 15312: 15310: 15293: 15287: 15286: 15284: 15282: 15267: 15258: 15257: 15249: 15243: 15242: 15240: 15238: 15222: 15216: 15215: 15204:. Castle Books. 15203: 15193: 15187: 15186: 15184: 15182: 15173:. Archived from 15159: 15153: 15138: 15132: 15131: 15129: 15127: 15118:. Archived from 15107: 15098: 15097: 15095: 15093: 15084:. Archived from 15074: 15065: 15064: 15054: 15014: 15008: 15007: 14982: 14976: 14975: 14973: 14971: 14965: 14959:. Archived from 14952: 14943: 14937: 14936: 14934: 14932: 14927:on 6 August 2009 14913: 14907: 14906: 14904: 14902: 14882: 14876: 14875: 14867: 14861: 14847: 14841: 14840: 14838: 14836: 14821: 14812: 14811: 14810:on 4 April 2003. 14794: 14788: 14778: 14772: 14771: 14769: 14767: 14756: 14750: 14749: 14747: 14745: 14740:on 29 April 2011 14730: 14724: 14717: 14711: 14710: 14708: 14706: 14695: 14689: 14688: 14686: 14684: 14678: 14661: 14649: 14643: 14636: 14630: 14627: 14621: 14603: 14597: 14596: 14581: 14575: 14574: 14561: 14555: 14554: 14526: 14520: 14519: 14517: 14515: 14506:. Archived from 14499: 14488: 14487: 14479: 14473: 14472: 14470: 14468: 14454: 14448: 14447: 14439: 14430: 14412: 14399: 14393: 14387: 14386: 14381:. Archived from 14377:Chediac, Joyce. 14374: 14368: 14367: 14365: 14363: 14348: 14342: 14341: 14329: 14323: 14322: 14320: 14318: 14309: 14300: 14294: 14293: 14283: 14273: 14241: 14235: 14234: 14221: 14215: 14214: 14212: 14210: 14204:"WHO Data, 2004" 14200: 14194: 14193: 14191: 14189: 14169: 14163: 14146: 14140: 14123: 14117: 14116: 14110: 14108: 14093: 14075: 14037: 14031: 14030: 14014: 14008: 14007: 14005: 14003: 13992: 13986: 13980: 13974: 13973: 13971: 13969: 13955: 13949: 13948: 13943:. Archived from 13935: 13929: 13923: 13917: 13916: 13904: 13898: 13892: 13886: 13885: 13883: 13881: 13865: 13859: 13858: 13856: 13854: 13840: 13834: 13833: 13831: 13829: 13810: 13804: 13803: 13801: 13799: 13788: 13782: 13781: 13779: 13777: 13762: 13756: 13755:, 27 March 1991. 13749: 13743: 13742: 13740: 13738: 13727: 13721: 13708: 13702: 13684: 13673: 13672: 13670: 13668: 13657: 13651: 13650: 13648: 13646: 13635:"Roll of Honour" 13631: 13625: 13624: 13622: 13620: 13609: 13603: 13602: 13587: 13570: 13567:al-Khalil (1991) 13564: 13553: 13552: 13540: 13534: 13533: 13515: 13509: 13492: 13486: 13485: 13483: 13481: 13467: 13461: 13460: 13450: 13410: 13404: 13403: 13371: 13365: 13364: 13352: 13346: 13345: 13330: 13324: 13317: 13308: 13307: 13289: 13281: 13275: 13274: 13272: 13270: 13258: 13249: 13243: 13237: 13220:Scott Peterson, 13218: 13212: 13211: 13196: 13190: 13189: 13187: 13185: 13166: 13160: 13159: 13157: 13155: 13144: 13138: 13137: 13135: 13133: 13122: 13116: 13115: 13113: 13111: 13100: 13094: 13093: 13082: 13076: 13075: 13068: 13062: 13056: 13040: 13030: 13024: 13023: 13021: 13019: 13009: 13003: 13002: 13000: 12998: 12983: 12977: 12974: 12968: 12967: 12965: 12963: 12948: 12942: 12941: 12938:Chain of Command 12933: 12927: 12926: 12924: 12922: 12906: 12900: 12899: 12875: 12866: 12865: 12849: 12838: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12812: 12806: 12792: 12786: 12785: 12783: 12781: 12766: 12760: 12759: 12748: 12742: 12741: 12739: 12737: 12725: 12719: 12718: 12716: 12714: 12699: 12690: 12689: 12687: 12685: 12680:. 21 August 2007 12674: 12668: 12656: 12650: 12649: 12621: 12615: 12609: 12603: 12597: 12591: 12590: 12588: 12586: 12574: 12568: 12565: 12548: 12542: 12536: 12535: 12533: 12531: 12516: 12510: 12509: 12507: 12505: 12482: 12476: 12470: 12464: 12461: 12455: 12445: 12439: 12433: 12427: 12424: 12418: 12415: 12409: 12403: 12397: 12391: 12382: 12376: 12363: 12357: 12351: 12345: 12339: 12333: 12327: 12321: 12315: 12309: 12303: 12297: 12291: 12288: 12282: 12276: 12263: 12257: 12248: 12242: 12236: 12233: 12227: 12226: 12219: 12213: 12207: 12201: 12200: 12199:. 22 April 2020. 12193: 12187: 12184: 12178: 12177: 12175: 12173: 12164:. Archived from 12158: 12149: 12146: 12140: 12137: 12131: 12125: 12112: 12106: 12100: 12097: 12091: 12088: 12082: 12081: 12075: 12066: 12055: 12049: 12036: 12030: 12021: 12015: 12009: 12008: 12006: 12004: 11993: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11970: 11964: 11958: 11952: 11946: 11940: 11939: 11932: 11926: 11920: 11914: 11908: 11902: 11896: 11890: 11889: 11882: 11876: 11875: 11873: 11871: 11859: 11850: 11849: 11841: 11832: 11831: 11830:. 24 March 2016. 11824: 11815: 11812: 11806: 11800: 11794: 11793: 11792:. 30 April 2015. 11786: 11780: 11774: 11765: 11759: 11753: 11747: 11738: 11732: 11721: 11715: 11704: 11698: 11692: 11686: 11680: 11674: 11668: 11667: 11660: 11651: 11645: 11636: 11630: 11624: 11618: 11612: 11606: 11595: 11589: 11578: 11572: 11566: 11560: 11554: 11548: 11539: 11533: 11527: 11521: 11515: 11509: 11503: 11497: 11491: 11488: 11451: 11437:AirLand Reversal 11434: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11423: 11408: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11397: 11373: 11367: 11366: 11364: 11362: 11347: 11341: 11340: 11338: 11336: 11321: 11315: 11314: 11312: 11310: 11285: 11279: 11273: 11267: 11266: 11264: 11262: 11245: 11239: 11238: 11224: 11218: 11217: 11215: 11213: 11208:on 28 April 2011 11194: 11185: 11184: 11182: 11180: 11159: 11153: 11152: 11142: 11131:10.1038/361293a0 11114: 11105: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11094: 11084: 11078: 11077: 11067: 11056:10.1038/361293a0 11046:(6410). London: 11035: 11022: 11016: 11015: 11013: 11011: 10997: 10988: 10984:Thomas, Gordon, 10982: 10976: 10969: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10942: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10916: 10910: 10903: 10897: 10880: 10874: 10873: 10867: 10865: 10854: 10848: 10847: 10845: 10843: 10828: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10817: 10808:Edwin E. Moïse. 10805: 10799: 10785: 10779: 10773: 10767: 10761: 10755: 10749: 10743: 10733: 10727: 10726: 10696: 10687: 10686: 10684: 10682: 10671: 10665: 10664: 10652: 10646: 10640: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10620:. Archived from 10609: 10603: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10582: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10571: 10556: 10550: 10543: 10537: 10536: 10534: 10532: 10518: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10507: 10496: 10490: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10479: 10468: 10460: 10454: 10453: 10451: 10449: 10444:on 17 March 2008 10434: 10428: 10427: 10425: 10423: 10408: 10402: 10401: 10389: 10383: 10376: 10370: 10351: 10342: 10329: 10323: 10322: 10321:on 14 June 2009. 10307: 10301: 10300: 10294: 10292: 10275: 10269: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10250: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10239: 10230:. Archived from 10224: 10218: 10210: 10204: 10187: 10181: 10174: 10168: 10161: 10155: 10148: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10121: 10115: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10092: 10086: 10085: 10083: 10081: 10062: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10051: 10033: 10027: 10013: 10007: 9993: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9962: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9930: 9921: 9920: 9909: 9900: 9893: 9887: 9886: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9854:. United Nations 9848: 9842: 9841: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9805:Deese, David A. 9802: 9796: 9795: 9775: 9766: 9765: 9763: 9761: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9724: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9710: 9704: 9693: 9685: 9679: 9673: 9664: 9663: 9661: 9659: 9653: 9642: 9634: 9628: 9627: 9613: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9593: 9582: 9574: 9568: 9567: 9535: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9524: 9518: 9507: 9499: 9493: 9492: 9489:www.pmgnotes.com 9481: 9475: 9474: 9463: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9452: 9443:. Archived from 9432: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9405: 9399: 9398: 9372: 9366: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9338: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9318: 9307: 9298: 9292: 9286: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9263:. Archived from 9257: 9246: 9245: 9233: 9227: 9211: 9200: 9199: 9188: 9182: 9176: 9167: 9150: 9144: 9127: 9121: 9115: 9106: 9100: 9094: 9088: 9082: 9076: 9070: 9064: 9058: 9052: 9043: 9042: 9024: 9018: 9011: 9005: 8999: 8990: 8984: 8978: 8971: 8965: 8959: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8922: 8916: 8915: 8905: 8898: 8892: 8886: 8877: 8871: 8865: 8864: 8839:Sciolino, Elaine 8835: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8804: 8798: 8797: 8772:Sciolino, Elaine 8768: 8762: 8761: 8758: 8726: 8713: 8712: 8683:Sciolino, Elaine 8679: 8673: 8672: 8647:Sciolino, Elaine 8643: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8632: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8596: 8590: 8584: 8578: 8577: 8571: 8563: 8537: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8520: 8514: 8501: 8495: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8474: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8422: 8416: 8398: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8373: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8321: 8315: 8314: 8301: 8295: 8294: 8292: 8290: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8248: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8206: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8178: 8172: 8166: 8145: 8132: 8126: 8112: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8092:. Archived from 8086: 8080: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8066: 8057:. Archived from 8053:Malory, Marcia. 8050: 8044: 8037: 8031: 8026:Atkinson, Rick. 8024: 8018: 8015: 8009: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7987: 7981: 7978: 7972: 7971: 7960: 7951: 7950: 7922: 7913: 7898: 7892: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7858: 7847: 7839: 7818: 7811: 7805: 7782: 7776: 7769: 7707:Operation Granby 7680:Anthony Swofford 7545:Tomahawk missile 7503:News World Order 7465: 7458: 7454: 7451: 7445: 7421: 7420: 7413: 6990: 6917:Highway of Death 6907:Highway of Death 6901:Highway of Death 6893:of any country. 6867:depleted uranium 6821:organophosphates 6773:Gulf War illness 6676: 6674: 6673: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6601: 6599: 6598: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6477: 6475: 6474: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6338: 6334: 6113:Operation Granby 6055:Opération Daguet 6028:Opération Daguet 5910:ARA Spiro (P-43) 5664:Highway of Death 5530: 5443:Operation Granby 5378:Battle of Khafji 5374:prisoners of war 5321:(Army) with the 5211:, February 1991. 5138:Republican Guard 4959: 4952: 4948: 4945: 4939: 4937: 4896: 4872: 4864: 4860:Battle of Khafji 4791: 4780: 4746:Patriot missiles 4567:public relations 4517:chemical weapons 4461:US Army General 4443:Thanksgiving Day 4327:Bitburg, Germany 4315:1st Fighter Wing 4200:Thomas Pickering 4029:Diplomatic means 4019: 3881:Kuwait Air Force 3877:Kuwaiti military 3618:counteroffensive 3511:Operation Granby 3499:Opération Daguet 3463:airland conflict 3431: 3414: 3404: 3402:Guerre du Koweït 3385:taḥrīr al-kuwayt 3382: 3347:Persian Gulf War 3329: 3302:Persian Gulf War 3102: 3095: 3088: 3077: 3076: 3071: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2683: 2675: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2654: 2647: 2640: 2626: 2624:Socialism portal 2619: 2581:Arab nationalism 2561: 2548: 2535: 2504: 2503: 2203: 2202: 2185:Syrian civil war 1975: 1924: 1923: 1911: 1888: 1887: 1845:Highway of Death 1746:Naval operations 1691: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1658: 1657: 1545: 1537: 1530: 1523: 1514: 1513: 1449:75,000+ wounded 1440:175,000–300,000+ 1429:57 aircraft lost 1347: 1346: 1345: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1287: 1286: 1285: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1235:Muhammad Tantawi 1233: 1232: 1231: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1005: 1004: 1003: 993: 992: 991: 983:Walter E. Boomer 981: 980: 979: 969: 968: 967: 957: 956: 955: 945: 944: 943: 933: 932: 931: 921: 920: 919: 909: 908: 907: 890: 886: 884: 883: 872: 868: 866: 865: 854: 852: 851: 841: 839: 838: 828: 826: 825: 815: 813: 812: 802: 800: 799: 789: 787: 786: 776: 774: 773: 763: 761: 760: 750: 748: 747: 737: 735: 734: 724: 722: 721: 711: 709: 708: 698: 696: 695: 685: 683: 682: 672: 670: 669: 659: 657: 656: 646: 644: 643: 633: 631: 630: 620: 618: 617: 607: 605: 604: 594: 592: 591: 581: 579: 578: 568: 566: 565: 555: 553: 552: 542: 540: 539: 529: 527: 526: 516: 514: 513: 503: 501: 500: 490: 489: 488: 478: 476: 475: 465: 463: 462: 452: 450: 449: 442: 438: 436: 435: 424: 422: 421: 411: 409: 408: 398: 397: 396: 387: 373: 371: 370: 360: 358: 357: 347: 345: 344: 334: 332: 331: 324: 320: 318: 317: 306: 304: 303: 193:28 February 1991 168: 167: 152:Highway of Death 105: 96: 85: 76: 65: 48: 47: 21: 27308: 27307: 27303: 27302: 27301: 27299: 27298: 27297: 27018: 27017: 27016: 27004: 26994: 26992: 26982: 26980: 26970: 26968: 26960: 26958: 26953: 26952: 26947: 26931: 26853: 26781: 26703: 26694: 26653: 26648: 26618: 26613: 26590: 26581:Second Cold War 26539: 26467: 26461: 26437:Odd Arne Westad 26427:Patrick Vaughan 26412:Athan Theoharis 26392:Ellen Schrecker 26377:Yakov M. Rabkin 26352:Timothy Naftali 26297:Tvrtko Jakovina 26282:Jussi Hanhimäki 26165: 26143: 26133: 26111:Paix et Liberté 26086: 26030:Active measures 26011: 25941: 25922:White supremacy 25882:Totalitarianism 25810: 25735: 25658: 25644:Reagan Doctrine 25639:Carter Doctrine 25579:Truman Doctrine 25567: 25514: 25446: 25341:Soviet reaction 25252:Ndogboyosoi War 25159: 25130:Saur Revolution 24957:1973 oil crisis 24922:Munich massacre 24830:Alcora Exercise 24825:Black September 24803: 24549:Sino-Indian War 24443:Simba rebellion 24426: 24270:Capture of the 24178: 24117:Berlin Blockade 24050:May 1947 crises 24040:Truman Doctrine 24005:Greek Civil War 23994:Blacklist Forty 23961:Gouzenko Affair 23948:Cursed soldiers 23900:Morgenthau Plan 23888: 23826: 23821: 23791: 23786: 23740: 23714: 23658: 23622: 23610: 23349: 23323: 23281: 23266: 23172:Jewish American 23145:Polish American 23086:Korean American 23076:Indian American 23043: 23028: 22883:Merchant Marine 22853:Law enforcement 22705: 22686: 22560: 22556:Great Recession 22463: 22437:Reagan Doctrine 22391: 22370:Stonewall riots 22292: 22266:Project Mercury 22227:Truman Doctrine 22203: 22111:First Red Scare 22085: 22054:Progressive Era 21966: 21926:Bleeding Kansas 21882: 21829:Monroe Doctrine 21805: 21753: 21712:Treaty of Paris 21673: 21647:Boston Massacre 21642:Sons of Liberty 21538: 21509: 21498: 21480: 21475: 21445: 21440: 21384: 21368:Public holidays 21291: 21142: 21125: 21064: 21034: 21017: 20876: 20856: 20839: 20770:Iraqi Kurdistan 20760:Euphrates river 20731: 20710: 20677:War (2014–2017) 20623:Operation Opera 20569: 20539: 20535:Arab Federation 20523:Kingdom of Iraq 20456: 20432:Fall of Babylon 20367:Akkadian Empire 20342:Samarra culture 20327:Hassuna culture 20304: 20291: 20279: 20278: 20276: 20246: 20241: 20225: 20206:House of Saddam 20186: 20180:Grandchildren: 20126:Half-brothers: 20107: 20086: 20040: 20031: 19937: 19932: 19902: 19897: 19888: 19879: 19871: 19864: 19857: 19850: 19843: 19836: 19827: 19820: 19813: 19806: 19799: 19792: 19785: 19778: 19773:JFK Records Act 19771: 19764: 19757: 19750: 19741: 19734: 19725: 19718: 19711: 19702: 19695: 19688: 19681: 19674: 19667: 19660: 19653: 19646: 19637: 19630: 19623: 19618:Cannabis policy 19616: 19609: 19602: 19595: 19589:Domestic policy 19584: 19577: 19568: 19561: 19556:New world order 19554: 19547: 19540: 19533: 19526: 19517: 19510: 19503: 19486: 19479: 19472: 19465: 19458: 19450: 19439: 19432: 19423: 19416: 19409: 19400: 19393: 19386: 19379: 19372: 19365: 19358: 19351: 19344: 19337: 19330: 19321: 19314: 19307: 19300: 19293: 19286: 19279: 19266: 19260: 19230: 19213: 19208: 19127: 18986:Boxer Rebellion 18889: 18770:Bleeding Kansas 18728: 18721: 18718: 18688: 18683: 18681: 18668: 18631: 18553:Egyptian Crisis 18536: 18477: 18417: 18350: 18260: 18249:Second Intifada 18159: 18103: 18000: 17966:Simele massacre 17944: 17925:Adwan Rebellion 17898: 17775: 17770: 17740: 17735: 17714: 17698: 17688:Provide Comfort 17626: 17605: 17576:Air engagements 17562: 17486: 17477:Carter Doctrine 17450: 17417: 17386: 17365: 17347: 17342: 17307: 17286:Wayback Machine 17250:Wayback Machine 17237: 17222:Wayback Machine 17182: 17177: 17082:The Fist of God 17046: 17041: 16949:The Finest Hour 16919: 16914: 16902: 16894: 16885: 16883: 16874: 16865: 16863: 16843: 16841: 16817: 16816: 16809: 16787: 16785: 16762: 16760: 16749: 16726: 16702: 16683: 16658: 16631: 16604: 16582: 16580: 16568: 16546: 16544: 16528: 16520:. I.B. Tauris. 16506: 16504: 16493: 16485:. W.W. Norton. 16466: 16464: 16437: 16435: 16420: 16390: 16388: 16377: 16354: 16333: 16309: 16307: 16291: 16262: 16237:Brown, Miland. 16232:Wayback Machine 16210: 16208: 16185: 16183: 16181: 16160: 16142:Klieman, Aharon 16130: 16128: 16101: 16099: 16079: 16077: 16059: 16054: 16032: 15992: 15954: 15952: 15948: 15933: 15922: 15880: 15875: 15866: 15865: 15861: 15851: 15849: 15831: 15827: 15817: 15815: 15810: 15809: 15805: 15795: 15793: 15789: 15778: 15769: 15762: 15752: 15750: 15741: 15740: 15736: 15729: 15718:GPS for Dummies 15713: 15709: 15699: 15697: 15688: 15687: 15683: 15673: 15671: 15656: 15652: 15642: 15640: 15636: 15635: 15631: 15621: 15619: 15615: 15614: 15610: 15600: 15598: 15597:on 11 July 2010 15589: 15588: 15584: 15578:Wayback Machine 15569: 15565: 15555: 15553: 15548: 15547: 15543: 15532: 15530: 15529:on 25 July 2011 15523:"Memória Globo" 15521: 15520: 15516: 15506: 15504: 15493: 15489: 15479: 15477: 15470: 15466: 15456: 15454: 15444: 15440: 15430: 15428: 15427:on 24 July 2013 15421:"Images of War" 15417: 15413: 15407:Wayback Machine 15398: 15394: 15387: 15372: 15364: 15360: 15350: 15348: 15335: 15334: 15327: 15308: 15306: 15294: 15290: 15280: 15278: 15269: 15268: 15261: 15250: 15246: 15236: 15234: 15223: 15219: 15212: 15194: 15190: 15180: 15178: 15161: 15160: 15156: 15139: 15135: 15125: 15123: 15122:on 13 June 2010 15108: 15101: 15091: 15089: 15088:on 27 June 2010 15076: 15075: 15068: 15015: 15011: 14983: 14979: 14969: 14967: 14966:on 11 July 2018 14963: 14950: 14944: 14940: 14930: 14928: 14915: 14914: 14910: 14900: 14898: 14883: 14879: 14868: 14864: 14858:Wayback Machine 14848: 14844: 14834: 14832: 14831:. 29 April 2003 14823: 14822: 14815: 14796: 14795: 14791: 14779: 14775: 14765: 14763: 14758: 14757: 14753: 14743: 14741: 14732: 14731: 14727: 14718: 14714: 14704: 14702: 14697: 14696: 14692: 14682: 14680: 14676: 14659: 14650: 14646: 14640:Foreign Affairs 14637: 14633: 14628: 14624: 14614:Wayback Machine 14604: 14600: 14595:on 22 May 2013. 14583: 14582: 14578: 14563: 14562: 14558: 14543:10.2307/2538306 14527: 14523: 14513: 14511: 14510:on 7 March 2023 14500: 14491: 14480: 14476: 14466: 14464: 14456: 14455: 14451: 14440: 14433: 14423:Wayback Machine 14413: 14402: 14394: 14390: 14375: 14371: 14361: 14359: 14358:on 6 April 2013 14350: 14349: 14345: 14330: 14326: 14316: 14314: 14307: 14301: 14297: 14242: 14238: 14223: 14222: 14218: 14208: 14206: 14202: 14201: 14197: 14187: 14185: 14170: 14166: 14157:Wayback Machine 14147: 14143: 14134:Wayback Machine 14124: 14120: 14106: 14104: 14095: 14064:10.1289/EHP9009 14038: 14034: 14016: 14015: 14011: 14001: 13999: 13994: 13993: 13989: 13981: 13977: 13967: 13965: 13957: 13956: 13952: 13937: 13936: 13932: 13924: 13920: 13905: 13901: 13893: 13889: 13879: 13877: 13866: 13862: 13852: 13850: 13842: 13841: 13837: 13827: 13825: 13812: 13811: 13807: 13797: 13795: 13790: 13789: 13785: 13775: 13773: 13764: 13763: 13759: 13750: 13746: 13736: 13734: 13729: 13728: 13724: 13718:Wayback Machine 13709: 13705: 13695:Wayback Machine 13688:"After the War" 13685: 13676: 13666: 13664: 13659: 13658: 13654: 13644: 13642: 13633: 13632: 13628: 13618: 13616: 13612:Ranter, Harro. 13610: 13606: 13601:on 10 May 2007. 13589: 13588: 13573: 13565: 13556: 13549:www.nybooks.com 13541: 13537: 13530: 13516: 13512: 13506:Wayback Machine 13493: 13489: 13479: 13477: 13469: 13468: 13464: 13411: 13407: 13386:(13): 931–936. 13372: 13368: 13353: 13349: 13332: 13331: 13327: 13318: 13311: 13282: 13278: 13268: 13266: 13259: 13252: 13244: 13240: 13234:Wayback Machine 13219: 13215: 13198: 13197: 13193: 13183: 13181: 13168: 13167: 13163: 13153: 13151: 13146: 13145: 13141: 13131: 13129: 13124: 13123: 13119: 13109: 13107: 13102: 13101: 13097: 13084: 13083: 13079: 13070: 13069: 13065: 13053: 13031: 13027: 13017: 13015: 13011: 13010: 13006: 12996: 12994: 12993:on 24 June 2018 12985: 12984: 12980: 12975: 12971: 12961: 12959: 12950: 12949: 12945: 12934: 12930: 12920: 12918: 12909: 12907: 12903: 12896: 12876: 12869: 12862: 12850:(in Romanian). 12847: 12839: 12835: 12825: 12823: 12814: 12813: 12809: 12803:Wayback Machine 12793: 12789: 12779: 12777: 12768: 12767: 12763: 12750: 12749: 12745: 12735: 12733: 12726: 12722: 12712: 12710: 12701: 12700: 12693: 12683: 12681: 12676: 12675: 12671: 12657: 12653: 12643: 12622: 12618: 12610: 12606: 12598: 12594: 12584: 12582: 12577:Andrew Leydon. 12575: 12571: 12566: 12551: 12543: 12539: 12529: 12527: 12517: 12513: 12503: 12501: 12483: 12479: 12471: 12467: 12462: 12458: 12446: 12442: 12434: 12430: 12425: 12421: 12416: 12412: 12404: 12400: 12392: 12385: 12377: 12366: 12358: 12354: 12346: 12342: 12334: 12330: 12322: 12318: 12310: 12306: 12298: 12294: 12289: 12285: 12277: 12266: 12258: 12251: 12243: 12239: 12234: 12230: 12221: 12220: 12216: 12208: 12204: 12195: 12194: 12190: 12185: 12181: 12171: 12169: 12160: 12159: 12152: 12147: 12143: 12138: 12134: 12126: 12115: 12107: 12103: 12098: 12094: 12089: 12085: 12073: 12067: 12058: 12050: 12039: 12031: 12024: 12016: 12012: 12002: 12000: 11995: 11994: 11990: 11980: 11978: 11971: 11967: 11959: 11955: 11947: 11943: 11934: 11933: 11929: 11925:, p. 4–10. 11923:Dinackus (2000) 11921: 11917: 11909: 11905: 11897: 11893: 11884: 11883: 11879: 11869: 11867: 11860: 11853: 11842: 11835: 11826: 11825: 11818: 11813: 11809: 11801: 11797: 11788: 11787: 11783: 11775: 11768: 11760: 11756: 11748: 11741: 11733: 11724: 11716: 11707: 11699: 11695: 11687: 11683: 11675: 11671: 11662: 11661: 11654: 11646: 11639: 11631: 11627: 11619: 11615: 11607: 11598: 11590: 11581: 11573: 11569: 11561: 11557: 11549: 11542: 11534: 11530: 11522: 11518: 11510: 11506: 11498: 11494: 11489: 11454: 11444:Wayback Machine 11435: 11431: 11421: 11419: 11409: 11405: 11395: 11393: 11375: 11374: 11370: 11360: 11358: 11348: 11344: 11334: 11332: 11323: 11322: 11318: 11308: 11306: 11286: 11282: 11274: 11270: 11260: 11258: 11246: 11242: 11225: 11221: 11211: 11209: 11196: 11195: 11188: 11178: 11176: 11161: 11160: 11156: 11112: 11106: 11102: 11092: 11090: 11086: 11085: 11081: 11033: 11023: 11019: 11009: 11007: 10999: 10998: 10991: 10983: 10979: 10970: 10966: 10956: 10954: 10943: 10939: 10929: 10927: 10918: 10917: 10913: 10904: 10900: 10881: 10877: 10863: 10861: 10855: 10851: 10841: 10839: 10838:on 12 June 2008 10830: 10829: 10825: 10815: 10813: 10806: 10802: 10796:Wayback Machine 10786: 10782: 10774: 10770: 10762: 10758: 10750: 10746: 10734: 10730: 10697: 10690: 10680: 10678: 10673: 10672: 10668: 10653: 10649: 10641: 10637: 10627: 10625: 10610: 10606: 10596: 10594: 10583: 10579: 10569: 10567: 10557: 10553: 10544: 10540: 10530: 10528: 10520: 10519: 10515: 10505: 10503: 10498: 10497: 10493: 10483: 10481: 10477: 10466: 10462: 10461: 10457: 10447: 10445: 10436: 10435: 10431: 10421: 10419: 10410: 10409: 10405: 10390: 10386: 10377: 10373: 10367:Wayback Machine 10352: 10345: 10340:Wayback Machine 10330: 10326: 10309: 10308: 10304: 10290: 10288: 10277: 10276: 10272: 10262: 10260: 10252: 10251: 10247: 10237: 10235: 10226: 10225: 10221: 10211: 10207: 10203:16 January 1991 10198:Wayback Machine 10188: 10184: 10175: 10171: 10162: 10158: 10149: 10145: 10135: 10133: 10122: 10118: 10108: 10106: 10093: 10089: 10079: 10077: 10063: 10059: 10049: 10047: 10034: 10030: 10024:Wayback Machine 10014: 10010: 9994: 9987: 9977: 9975: 9964: 9963: 9959: 9949: 9947: 9931: 9924: 9911: 9910: 9903: 9894: 9890: 9872: 9871: 9867: 9857: 9855: 9850: 9849: 9845: 9827: 9826: 9822: 9803: 9799: 9776: 9769: 9759: 9757: 9749: 9748: 9744: 9726: 9725: 9718: 9708: 9706: 9705:on 7 March 2023 9702: 9691: 9687: 9686: 9682: 9674: 9667: 9657: 9655: 9654:on 4 March 2016 9651: 9640: 9636: 9635: 9631: 9614: 9607: 9597: 9595: 9591: 9580: 9576: 9575: 9571: 9536: 9532: 9522: 9520: 9516: 9505: 9501: 9500: 9496: 9483: 9482: 9478: 9465: 9464: 9460: 9450: 9448: 9433: 9429: 9419: 9417: 9406: 9402: 9395: 9381:Wiley-Blackwell 9373: 9369: 9361: 9357: 9347: 9345: 9340: 9339: 9332: 9322: 9320: 9319:on 7 March 2023 9316: 9305: 9299: 9295: 9287: 9280: 9270: 9268: 9259: 9258: 9249: 9234: 9230: 9221:Wayback Machine 9212: 9203: 9190: 9189: 9185: 9177: 9170: 9161:Wayback Machine 9151: 9147: 9138:Wayback Machine 9128: 9124: 9116: 9109: 9101: 9097: 9089: 9085: 9077: 9073: 9065: 9061: 9053: 9046: 9025: 9021: 9012: 9008: 9000: 8993: 8985: 8981: 8972: 8968: 8960: 8953: 8943: 8941: 8923: 8919: 8900: 8899: 8895: 8887: 8880: 8872: 8868: 8861: 8836: 8832: 8822: 8820: 8805: 8801: 8794: 8769: 8765: 8759: 8739:10.2307/3012998 8727: 8716: 8709: 8680: 8676: 8669: 8644: 8640: 8630: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8619: 8609: 8607: 8597: 8593: 8585: 8581: 8565: 8564: 8552: 8538: 8534: 8526: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8511:Wayback Machine 8502: 8498: 8488: 8486: 8477:Kenneth Estes. 8475: 8471: 8461: 8459: 8446: 8445: 8441: 8431: 8429: 8424: 8423: 8419: 8408:Wayback Machine 8399: 8392: 8382: 8380: 8375: 8374: 8370: 8360: 8358: 8357:on 7 March 2016 8349: 8348: 8344: 8334: 8332: 8323: 8322: 8318: 8303: 8302: 8298: 8288: 8286: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8261: 8259: 8250: 8249: 8242: 8232: 8230: 8223: 8207: 8200: 8190: 8188: 8180: 8179: 8175: 8167: 8148: 8142:Wayback Machine 8133: 8129: 8122:Wayback Machine 8113: 8109: 8099: 8097: 8088: 8087: 8083: 8078: 8074: 8064: 8062: 8061:on 3 March 2016 8051: 8047: 8038: 8034: 8025: 8021: 8016: 8012: 8006:Certain Victory 8003: 7999: 7988: 7984: 7979: 7975: 7962: 7961: 7954: 7947: 7923: 7916: 7911:Wayback Machine 7899: 7895: 7890:Wayback Machine 7879: 7876: 7872: 7862: 7860: 7856: 7845: 7841: 7840: 7831: 7827: 7822: 7821: 7812: 7808: 7783: 7779: 7773:Iraqi uprisings 7770: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7702: 7646: 7644:Popular culture 7603: 7531: 7525: 7466: 7455: 7449: 7446: 7435: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7405: 7370: 7353: 7324: 7318: 7312: 7284: 7278: 7248:, Central, and 7234:desertification 7210: 7204: 7184: 7176:Main articles: 7174: 7154:Osama bin Laden 7125: 7119: 7085: 7064:Foreign Affairs 7047: 7012: 7006: 6988: 6953: 6943: 6924:E-8 Joint STARS 6909: 6903: 6855: 6849: 6781: 6775: 6770: 6764: 6751: 6671: 6669: 6646: 6644: 6621: 6619: 6596: 6594: 6572: 6570: 6547: 6545: 6522: 6520: 6497: 6495: 6472: 6470: 6446: 6444: 6419: 6417: 6394: 6392: 6367: 6365: 6356: 6348: 6333: 6310: 6222:cruise missiles 6199: 6194: 6154:-class frigates 6131:Royal Air Force 6115: 6109: 6069: 6063: 6042:Division Daguet 6030: 6024: 6003:CH-124 Sea King 5960:Canadian Forces 5952: 5946: 5900:, February 1991 5889:Argentine Navy 5883: 5881:Operativo Alfil 5877: 5839: 5833: 5807: 5801: 5678: 5672: 5633:Division Daguet 5596: 5546: 5528: 5510:tanks from the 5500: 5494: 5488: 5431:Lynx helicopter 5323:Bell AH-1 Cobra 5243: 5193: 5191:Ground campaign 5118:Lockheed AC-130 5096: 5090: 5072: 5026:, February 1991 5016: 5010: 5004: 4960: 4949: 4943: 4940: 4897: 4895: 4885: 4873: 4862: 4856: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4712: 4704:Main articles: 4702: 4675:F-117 Nighthawk 4664: 4658: 4653: 4543: 4537: 4529:nuclear weapons 4483: 4420:Chancellor Kohl 4364: 4260:Carter Doctrine 4218: 4209: 4147:Brent Scowcroft 4087:, which passed 4031: 4026: 4013: 4007: 3984:Iraqi Air Force 3865: 3857:Main articles: 3847:Lion of Babylon 3840: 3681:al-Sabah family 3654:Donald Rumsfeld 3605:Donald Rumsfeld 3577:Throughout the 3575: 3561: 3530: 3493:Operativo Alfil 3442: 3434:Second Gulf War 3410: 3363:Second Gulf War 3298:Second Gulf War 3294: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3074: 3072: 3065: 3064: 3063: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2975: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2953: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2756: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2741:Points of Light 2706: 2702: 2688: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2658: 2629: 2622: 2617:Politics portal 2615: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2575: 2567: 2566: 2559: 2546: 2533: 2522:1965–1970 2501: 2499:Splinter groups 2491: 2490: 2485: 2464: 2443: 2422: 2401: 2380: 2359: 2343: 2322: 2306: 2285: 2264: 2243: 2222: 2200: 2190: 2189: 2149: 2103: 2094: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2064: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2045:Bashar al-Assad 2015:Wahib al-Ghanim 2010:Abdullah Rimawi 1989: 1981: 1980: 1973: 1962:1968–2003 1952:1947–1966 1942:1940–1947 1932:1940–1947 1921: 1886: 1881: 1820:Order of battle 1706:Kuwaiti Bridges 1692: 1687: 1685: 1655: 1650: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1423:12,000 captured 1422: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1393: 1390: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1353: 1343: 1341: 1331: 1329: 1319: 1317: 1307: 1305: 1295: 1293: 1283: 1281: 1271: 1269: 1259: 1257: 1247: 1245: 1239: 1229: 1227: 1217: 1215: 1205: 1203: 1193: 1191: 1181: 1179: 1169: 1167: 1157: 1155: 1145: 1143: 1139:Saleh Al-Muhaya 1133: 1131: 1121: 1119: 1115:Prince Abdullah 1109: 1107: 1097: 1095: 1085: 1083: 1073: 1071: 1061: 1059: 1049: 1047: 1037: 1035: 1025: 1023: 1013: 1011: 1001: 999: 989: 987: 977: 975: 971:John J. Yeosock 965: 963: 953: 951: 941: 939: 929: 927: 917: 915: 905: 903: 881: 879: 875: 863: 861: 860: 849: 847: 836: 834: 823: 821: 810: 808: 797: 795: 784: 782: 771: 769: 758: 756: 745: 743: 732: 730: 719: 717: 706: 704: 693: 691: 680: 678: 667: 665: 654: 652: 641: 639: 628: 626: 615: 613: 602: 600: 589: 587: 576: 574: 563: 561: 550: 548: 537: 535: 524: 522: 511: 509: 498: 496: 486: 484: 473: 471: 460: 458: 447: 445: 433: 431: 419: 417: 406: 404: 394: 392: 389: 388: 385: 380: 379: 368: 366: 355: 353: 342: 340: 329: 327: 315: 313: 312: 301: 299: 264:State of Kuwait 257: 240: 239: 201: 195: 187: 181: 179:17 January 1991 162: 158:Lockheed AC-130 118:U.S. Air Force 110: 109: 108: 107: 106: 98: 97: 88: 87: 86: 78: 77: 68: 67: 66: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 27306: 27296: 27295: 27290: 27285: 27280: 27275: 27270: 27265: 27260: 27255: 27250: 27245: 27240: 27235: 27230: 27225: 27220: 27215: 27210: 27205: 27200: 27195: 27190: 27185: 27180: 27175: 27170: 27165: 27160: 27155: 27150: 27145: 27140: 27135: 27130: 27125: 27120: 27115: 27110: 27105: 27100: 27095: 27090: 27085: 27080: 27075: 27070: 27068:1991 in Kuwait 27065: 27063:1990 in Kuwait 27060: 27055: 27050: 27045: 27040: 27035: 27030: 27015: 27014: 27002: 26990: 26978: 26955: 26954: 26949: 26948: 26936: 26933: 26932: 26930: 26929: 26924: 26919: 26914: 26909: 26904: 26899: 26894: 26893: 26892: 26882: 26877: 26872: 26867: 26861: 26859: 26855: 26854: 26852: 26851: 26846: 26841: 26836: 26835: 26834: 26824: 26823: 26822: 26812: 26811: 26810: 26800: 26795: 26789: 26787: 26783: 26782: 26780: 26779: 26774: 26773: 26772: 26767: 26757: 26752: 26747: 26742: 26737: 26732: 26727: 26722: 26717: 26711: 26709: 26705: 26704: 26697: 26695: 26693: 26692: 26687: 26682: 26677: 26672: 26667: 26661: 26659: 26655: 26654: 26647: 26646: 26639: 26632: 26624: 26615: 26614: 26612: 26611: 26606: 26601: 26595: 26592: 26591: 26589: 26588: 26583: 26578: 26573: 26568: 26563: 26558: 26553: 26547: 26545: 26541: 26540: 26538: 26537: 26532: 26527: 26522: 26517: 26512: 26507: 26502: 26497: 26492: 26487: 26482: 26477: 26471: 26469: 26463: 26462: 26460: 26459: 26454: 26449: 26444: 26439: 26434: 26429: 26424: 26419: 26414: 26409: 26407:Timothy Snyder 26404: 26399: 26394: 26389: 26384: 26379: 26374: 26369: 26364: 26359: 26354: 26349: 26344: 26339: 26337:Vojtech Mastny 26334: 26332:Geir Lundestad 26329: 26324: 26322:Walter Laqueur 26319: 26317:Walter LaFeber 26314: 26309: 26304: 26299: 26294: 26289: 26284: 26279: 26274: 26269: 26264: 26259: 26254: 26249: 26247:André Fontaine 26244: 26239: 26234: 26229: 26224: 26219: 26214: 26209: 26204: 26199: 26194: 26189: 26184: 26179: 26177:Gar Alperovitz 26173: 26171: 26167: 26166: 26164: 26163: 26158: 26153: 26147: 26145: 26139: 26138: 26135: 26134: 26132: 26131: 26126: 26120: 26119: 26114: 26107: 26102: 26094: 26092: 26088: 26087: 26085: 26084: 26077: 26072: 26065: 26058: 26053: 26046: 26039: 26032: 26026: 26024: 26017: 26013: 26012: 26010: 26009: 26004: 25999: 25994: 25989: 25984: 25979: 25974: 25969: 25964: 25959: 25953: 25951: 25947: 25946: 25943: 25942: 25940: 25939: 25934: 25929: 25924: 25919: 25917:Third-Worldism 25914: 25909: 25904: 25899: 25894: 25889: 25884: 25879: 25874: 25869: 25864: 25859: 25854: 25849: 25844: 25839: 25834: 25829: 25824: 25818: 25816: 25812: 25811: 25809: 25808: 25803: 25798: 25793: 25788: 25783: 25776: 25771: 25766: 25761: 25756: 25751: 25745: 25743: 25737: 25736: 25734: 25733: 25728: 25723: 25718: 25713: 25708: 25706:Libertarianism 25703: 25698: 25697: 25696: 25686: 25684:Chicago school 25681: 25675: 25673: 25664: 25660: 25659: 25657: 25656: 25651: 25646: 25641: 25636: 25631: 25629:Nixon Doctrine 25626: 25621: 25616: 25611: 25606: 25601: 25596: 25591: 25586: 25581: 25575: 25573: 25572:Foreign policy 25569: 25568: 25566: 25565: 25560: 25555: 25550: 25545: 25540: 25535: 25530: 25524: 25522: 25516: 25515: 25513: 25512: 25507: 25506: 25505: 25495: 25490: 25485: 25480: 25475: 25470: 25465: 25460: 25454: 25452: 25448: 25447: 25445: 25444: 25439: 25434: 25429: 25424: 25419: 25414: 25409: 25404: 25399: 25394: 25389: 25384: 25379: 25374: 25369: 25364: 25359: 25357:Operation RYAN 25354: 25349: 25344: 25334: 25329: 25324: 25319: 25314: 25309: 25304: 25299: 25294: 25289: 25284: 25279: 25274: 25269: 25264: 25262:Able Archer 83 25259: 25254: 25249: 25244: 25239: 25234: 25229: 25224: 25219: 25214: 25209: 25208: 25207: 25197: 25192: 25187: 25178: 25173: 25167: 25165: 25161: 25160: 25158: 25157: 25152: 25147: 25142: 25137: 25132: 25127: 25122: 25117: 25112: 25107: 25102: 25097: 25092: 25087: 25082: 25077: 25072: 25067: 25059: 25054: 25049: 25044: 25039: 25034: 25029: 25024: 25019: 25014: 25012:Oromo conflict 25009: 25004: 24999: 24994: 24989: 24984: 24979: 24974: 24969: 24964: 24959: 24954: 24952:Yom Kippur War 24949: 24944: 24939: 24934: 24929: 24924: 24919: 24914: 24909: 24904: 24899: 24894: 24889: 24884: 24879: 24874: 24869: 24862: 24857: 24852: 24847: 24842: 24837: 24832: 24827: 24822: 24817: 24811: 24809: 24805: 24804: 24802: 24801: 24796: 24791: 24786: 24781: 24776: 24775: 24774: 24764: 24759: 24754: 24749: 24744: 24735: 24730: 24729: 24728: 24718: 24713: 24708: 24703: 24698: 24693: 24688: 24683: 24678: 24673: 24668: 24663: 24658: 24653: 24648: 24643: 24638: 24633: 24628: 24623: 24618: 24613: 24608: 24607: 24606: 24596: 24591: 24586: 24584:Aden Emergency 24581: 24576: 24571: 24566: 24561: 24556: 24551: 24546: 24541: 24536: 24535: 24534: 24529: 24524: 24514: 24509: 24504: 24502:Papua conflict 24499: 24494: 24489: 24484: 24483: 24482: 24472: 24471: 24470: 24460: 24455: 24450: 24445: 24440: 24434: 24432: 24428: 24427: 24425: 24424: 24419: 24418: 24417: 24407: 24405:Kitchen Debate 24402: 24397: 24392: 24387: 24382: 24377: 24372: 24367: 24365:Sputnik crisis 24362: 24357: 24349: 24342: 24337: 24335:Polish October 24332: 24327: 24322: 24315: 24310: 24305: 24300: 24295: 24290: 24285: 24280: 24275: 24267: 24262: 24257: 24252: 24247: 24242: 24237: 24235:Pact of Madrid 24232: 24227: 24222: 24217: 24212: 24207: 24202: 24197: 24192: 24190:Bamboo Curtain 24186: 24184: 24180: 24179: 24177: 24176: 24171: 24166: 24161: 24160: 24159: 24149: 24144: 24139: 24134: 24129: 24124: 24119: 24114: 24109: 24104: 24099: 24094: 24089: 24084: 24083: 24082: 24077: 24072: 24062: 24057: 24052: 24047: 24042: 24037: 24032: 24027: 24022: 24017: 24012: 24007: 24002: 23997: 23989: 23981: 23973: 23968: 23963: 23958: 23950: 23945: 23944: 23943: 23938: 23930: 23917: 23912: 23907: 23902: 23896: 23894: 23890: 23889: 23887: 23886: 23881: 23876: 23871: 23866: 23861: 23856: 23851: 23846: 23839: 23831: 23828: 23827: 23820: 23819: 23812: 23805: 23797: 23788: 23787: 23785: 23784: 23774: 23764: 23762:Historiography 23759: 23753: 23750: 23749: 23746: 23745: 23742: 23741: 23739: 23738: 23728: 23722: 23720: 23716: 23715: 23713: 23712: 23707: 23702: 23700:Navassa Island 23697: 23692: 23687: 23685:Johnston Atoll 23682: 23677: 23675:Howland Island 23672: 23666: 23664: 23660: 23659: 23657: 23656: 23651: 23646: 23641: 23636: 23634:American Samoa 23630: 23628: 23624: 23623: 23618: 23616: 23612: 23611: 23609: 23608: 23603: 23598: 23593: 23588: 23583: 23578: 23573: 23568: 23563: 23558: 23556:South Carolina 23553: 23548: 23543: 23538: 23533: 23528: 23523: 23521:North Carolina 23518: 23513: 23508: 23503: 23498: 23493: 23488: 23483: 23478: 23473: 23468: 23463: 23458: 23453: 23448: 23443: 23438: 23433: 23428: 23423: 23418: 23413: 23408: 23403: 23398: 23393: 23388: 23383: 23378: 23373: 23368: 23363: 23357: 23355: 23351: 23350: 23348: 23347: 23345:The West Coast 23342: 23337: 23331: 23329: 23325: 23324: 23322: 23321: 23319:Indian removal 23316: 23311: 23306: 23301: 23295: 23293: 23283: 23282: 23272: 23271: 23268: 23267: 23265: 23264: 23263: 23262: 23257: 23252: 23240: 23233: 23232: 23231: 23226: 23214: 23213: 23212: 23210:Saudi American 23207: 23202: 23197: 23195:Iraqi American 23192: 23187: 23175: 23168: 23167: 23166: 23154: 23153: 23152: 23147: 23142: 23137: 23132: 23130:Irish American 23127: 23122: 23117: 23112: 23100: 23099: 23098: 23093: 23088: 23083: 23078: 23073: 23068: 23060:Asian American 23056: 23048: 23045: 23044: 23034: 23033: 23030: 23029: 23027: 23026: 23025: 23024: 23019: 23014: 23009: 23004: 22992: 22991: 22990: 22988:Sexual slavery 22978: 22971: 22964: 22963: 22962: 22957: 22952: 22947: 22942: 22937: 22925: 22924: 22923: 22918: 22913: 22908: 22903: 22898: 22886: 22879: 22872: 22871: 22870: 22865: 22860: 22858:Postal service 22855: 22850: 22848:Foreign policy 22845: 22840: 22835: 22830: 22825: 22820: 22815: 22803: 22796: 22795: 22794: 22782: 22781: 22780: 22768: 22767: 22766: 22754: 22753: 22752: 22747: 22742: 22737: 22725: 22718: 22710: 22707: 22706: 22696: 22695: 22692: 22691: 22688: 22687: 22685: 22684: 22679: 22674: 22667: 22662: 22657: 22652: 22651: 22650: 22640: 22635: 22628: 22623: 22622: 22621: 22616: 22611: 22606: 22601: 22596: 22591: 22586: 22576: 22570: 22568: 22562: 22561: 22559: 22558: 22553: 22548: 22543: 22542: 22541: 22536: 22526: 22521: 22514: 22509: 22504: 22499: 22494: 22489: 22484: 22479: 22473: 22471: 22465: 22464: 22462: 22461: 22456: 22451: 22446: 22445: 22444: 22439: 22434: 22424: 22422:Crack epidemic 22419: 22418: 22417: 22412: 22401: 22399: 22393: 22392: 22390: 22389: 22387:Moral Majority 22384: 22379: 22374: 22373: 22372: 22365:Gay liberation 22362: 22357: 22355:Counterculture 22352: 22347: 22346: 22345: 22343:Fall of Saigon 22340: 22335: 22325: 22324: 22323: 22321:Apollo program 22318: 22316:Project Gemini 22308: 22302: 22300: 22294: 22293: 22291: 22290: 22285: 22284: 22283: 22273: 22268: 22263: 22258: 22257: 22256: 22251: 22246: 22241: 22234:Early Cold War 22231: 22230: 22229: 22219: 22213: 22211: 22205: 22204: 22202: 22201: 22200: 22199: 22198: 22197: 22187: 22182: 22172: 22171: 22170: 22165: 22160: 22150: 22149: 22148: 22143: 22138: 22133: 22128: 22123: 22113: 22108: 22107: 22106: 22095: 22093: 22087: 22086: 22084: 22083: 22078: 22077: 22076: 22071: 22066: 22061: 22051: 22050: 22049: 22044: 22039: 22034: 22029: 22024: 22014: 22009: 22008: 22007: 22002: 21997: 21992: 21987: 21976: 21974: 21968: 21967: 21965: 21964: 21963: 21962: 21957: 21947: 21946: 21945: 21940: 21935: 21930: 21929: 21928: 21918: 21913: 21906:Prelude to War 21903: 21898: 21896:Antebellum Era 21892: 21890: 21884: 21883: 21881: 21880: 21875: 21870: 21869: 21868: 21863: 21858: 21853: 21848: 21843: 21841:Trail of Tears 21836:Jacksonian era 21833: 21832: 21831: 21826: 21815: 21813: 21807: 21806: 21804: 21803: 21802: 21801: 21796: 21786: 21785: 21784: 21779: 21772:Federalist Era 21769: 21767:Bill of Rights 21763: 21761: 21755: 21754: 21752: 21751: 21750: 21749: 21744: 21739: 21734: 21729: 21716: 21715: 21714: 21709: 21704: 21702:Lee Resolution 21699: 21694: 21683: 21681: 21675: 21674: 21672: 21671: 21670: 21669: 21664: 21659: 21654: 21649: 21644: 21639: 21634: 21629: 21624: 21619: 21609: 21604: 21599: 21594: 21589: 21584: 21579: 21574: 21569: 21564: 21559: 21554: 21548: 21546: 21540: 21539: 21537: 21536: 21529: 21521: 21519: 21511: 21510: 21500: 21499: 21497: 21496: 21491: 21485: 21482: 21481: 21474: 21473: 21466: 21459: 21451: 21442: 21441: 21439: 21438: 21428: 21418: 21408: 21397: 21394: 21393: 21390: 21389: 21386: 21385: 21383: 21382: 21381: 21380: 21375: 21365: 21360: 21355: 21350: 21345: 21340: 21335: 21330: 21325: 21320: 21315: 21310: 21305: 21299: 21297: 21293: 21292: 21290: 21289: 21288: 21287: 21282: 21277: 21272: 21267: 21257: 21252: 21251: 21250: 21245: 21239: 21234: 21229: 21224: 21219: 21214: 21209: 21204: 21194: 21193: 21192: 21187: 21182: 21177: 21172: 21162: 21156: 21154: 21144: 21143: 21131: 21130: 21127: 21126: 21124: 21123: 21118: 21113: 21108: 21106:Transportation 21103: 21098: 21096:Stock Exchange 21093: 21091:Reconstruction 21088: 21083: 21078: 21073: 21071:Infrastructure 21068: 21060: 21055: 21050: 21045: 21039: 21036: 21035: 21023: 21022: 21019: 21018: 21016: 21015: 21010: 21005: 21000: 20995: 20990: 20985: 20984: 20983: 20978: 20973: 20968: 20967: 20966: 20956: 20951: 20941: 20940: 20939: 20938: 20937: 20930:Prime Minister 20927: 20926: 20925: 20915: 20910: 20900: 20895: 20890: 20885: 20880: 20872: 20867: 20861: 20858: 20857: 20845: 20844: 20841: 20840: 20838: 20837: 20832: 20827: 20822: 20817: 20812: 20807: 20802: 20797: 20792: 20787: 20782: 20777: 20772: 20767: 20762: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20736: 20733: 20732: 20720: 20719: 20716: 20715: 20712: 20711: 20709: 20708: 20703: 20702: 20701: 20691: 20690: 20689: 20684: 20674: 20669: 20668: 20667: 20662: 20657: 20647: 20642: 20641: 20640: 20638:1991 uprisings 20630: 20625: 20620: 20615: 20610: 20605: 20600: 20595: 20590: 20588:Saddam Hussein 20585: 20574: 20573: 20565: 20560: 20555: 20549: 20547: 20541: 20540: 20538: 20537: 20532: 20531: 20530: 20520: 20518:Mandatory Iraq 20515: 20510: 20507:Mamluk dynasty 20500: 20495: 20490: 20485: 20480: 20475: 20470: 20464: 20462: 20458: 20457: 20455: 20454: 20449: 20444: 20439: 20434: 20429: 20424: 20419: 20414: 20409: 20404: 20399: 20394: 20389: 20384: 20379: 20374: 20372:Gutian dynasty 20369: 20364: 20359: 20354: 20349: 20344: 20339: 20334: 20329: 20324: 20318: 20316: 20306: 20305: 20293: 20292: 20275: 20274: 20267: 20260: 20252: 20243: 20242: 20230: 20227: 20226: 20224: 20223: 20216: 20209: 20202: 20194: 20192: 20188: 20187: 20185: 20184: 20178: 20164: 20154: 20148: 20138: 20124: 20121: 20117: 20115: 20109: 20108: 20106: 20105: 20100: 20098:Killing babies 20094: 20092: 20088: 20087: 20085: 20084: 20079: 20076:Begone, Demons 20072: 20065: 20058: 20050: 20048: 20042: 20041: 20034: 20032: 20030: 20029: 20028: 20027: 20017: 20012: 20007: 20002: 20001: 20000: 19990: 19985: 19984: 19983: 19981:1991 uprisings 19973: 19971:Anfal campaign 19968: 19967: 19966: 19956: 19951: 19945: 19943: 19939: 19938: 19935:Saddam Hussein 19931: 19930: 19923: 19916: 19908: 19899: 19898: 19896: 19895: 19886: 19876: 19873: 19872: 19870: 19869: 19862: 19855: 19848: 19841: 19834: 19833: 19832: 19818: 19811: 19804: 19797: 19790: 19783: 19776: 19769: 19762: 19755: 19748: 19747: 19746: 19732: 19731: 19730: 19723: 19709: 19708: 19707: 19700: 19693: 19686: 19679: 19665: 19658: 19651: 19644: 19643: 19642: 19628: 19621: 19614: 19607: 19600: 19592: 19590: 19586: 19585: 19583: 19582: 19575: 19574: 19573: 19559: 19552: 19545: 19538: 19531: 19524: 19523: 19522: 19515: 19500: 19498: 19496:Foreign policy 19492: 19491: 19488: 19487: 19485: 19484: 19477: 19470: 19463: 19456: 19447: 19445: 19438: 19437: 19430: 19429: 19428: 19421: 19407: 19406: 19405: 19398: 19391: 19377: 19370: 19363: 19356: 19349: 19342: 19335: 19328: 19327: 19326: 19319: 19312: 19305: 19291: 19284: 19276: 19274: 19268: 19267: 19259: 19258: 19251: 19244: 19236: 19210: 19209: 19207: 19206: 19201: 19196: 19191: 19186: 19181: 19179:Peace movement 19176: 19171: 19166: 19161: 19156: 19151: 19146: 19141: 19135: 19133: 19129: 19128: 19126: 19125: 19120: 19119: 19118: 19113: 19108: 19103: 19093: 19088: 19083: 19078: 19073: 19068: 19063: 19058: 19053: 19048: 19043: 19038: 19033: 19028: 19023: 19018: 19013: 19008: 19003: 18998: 18993: 18988: 18983: 18978: 18973: 18968: 18963: 18958: 18953: 18948: 18943: 18938: 18933: 18928: 18923: 18918: 18913: 18908: 18903: 18897: 18895: 18891: 18890: 18888: 18887: 18882: 18877: 18872: 18867: 18862: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18832: 18830:Pullman Strike 18827: 18822: 18820:Coal Creek War 18817: 18812: 18807: 18802: 18797: 18792: 18787: 18782: 18777: 18772: 18767: 18765:Dorr Rebellion 18762: 18757: 18752: 18747: 18742: 18736: 18734: 18730: 18729: 18726: 18723: 18722: 18717: 18716: 18709: 18702: 18694: 18685: 18684: 18673: 18670: 18669: 18667: 18666: 18663:Red Sea crisis 18659: 18652: 18645: 18639: 18637: 18633: 18632: 18630: 18629: 18628: 18627: 18613: 18606: 18599: 18594: 18589: 18588: 18587: 18571: 18570: 18569: 18562: 18550: 18544: 18542: 18538: 18537: 18535: 18534: 18529: 18524: 18523: 18522: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18493: 18485: 18483: 18479: 18478: 18476: 18475: 18470: 18465: 18460: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18433: 18425: 18423: 18419: 18418: 18416: 18415: 18410: 18408:Mecca massacre 18405: 18400: 18395: 18390: 18385: 18384: 18383: 18371: 18366: 18358: 18356: 18352: 18351: 18349: 18348: 18343: 18338: 18333: 18332: 18331: 18321: 18316: 18311: 18306: 18301: 18296: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18268: 18266: 18262: 18261: 18259: 18258: 18253: 18252: 18251: 18246: 18244:First Intifada 18241: 18229: 18227:1964 Hama riot 18224: 18222:Aden Emergency 18219: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18197: 18192: 18191: 18190: 18185: 18173: 18167: 18165: 18161: 18160: 18158: 18157: 18152: 18147: 18142: 18137: 18132: 18127: 18122: 18117: 18111: 18109: 18105: 18104: 18102: 18101: 18100: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18067: 18066: 18065: 18053: 18048: 18046:Al-Waziri coup 18043: 18038: 18037: 18036: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18008: 18006: 18002: 18001: 17999: 17998: 17993: 17988: 17983: 17978: 17973: 17968: 17963: 17958: 17952: 17950: 17946: 17945: 17943: 17942: 17937: 17932: 17927: 17922: 17917: 17912: 17906: 17904: 17900: 17899: 17897: 17896: 17891: 17890: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17874: 17869: 17864: 17863: 17862: 17845: 17840: 17835: 17830: 17829: 17828: 17823: 17818: 17813: 17808: 17807: 17806: 17789: 17783: 17781: 17777: 17776: 17769: 17768: 17761: 17754: 17746: 17737: 17736: 17734: 17733: 17728: 17722: 17720: 17716: 17715: 17713: 17712: 17706: 17704: 17700: 17699: 17697: 17696: 17691: 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17656:1991 uprisings 17653: 17648: 17646:Iraq sanctions 17643: 17640:Southern Watch 17634: 17632: 17628: 17627: 17625: 17624: 17619: 17613: 17611: 17607: 17606: 17604: 17603: 17598: 17593: 17588: 17583: 17578: 17572: 17570: 17564: 17563: 17561: 17560: 17555: 17550: 17545: 17540: 17535: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17494: 17492: 17488: 17487: 17485: 17484: 17479: 17474: 17469: 17464: 17458: 17456: 17452: 17451: 17449: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17427: 17425: 17419: 17418: 17416: 17415: 17410: 17408:Ba'athist Iraq 17405: 17400: 17394: 17392: 17388: 17387: 17385: 17384: 17379: 17373: 17371: 17367: 17366: 17364: 17363: 17358: 17352: 17349: 17348: 17341: 17340: 17333: 17326: 17318: 17312: 17309: 17308: 17299: 17298: 17289: 17276: 17268: 17263: 17258: 17253: 17240: 17228: 17212: 17207: 17198: 17189: 17181: 17180:External links 17178: 17176: 17175: 17169: 17160: 17154: 17148: 17138: 17125: 17116: 17103: 17097: 17078: 17064:Bravo Two Zero 17061: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17039: 17023: 17016:backstory for 17010: 17001: 16993: 16985: 16977: 16969: 16961: 16953: 16945: 16937: 16933:Bravo Two Zero 16929: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16912: 16900: 16892: 16872: 16850: 16830: 16807: 16794: 16769: 16753: 16747: 16730: 16724: 16706: 16700: 16687: 16681: 16665:Sifry, Micah; 16662: 16656: 16638: 16629: 16608: 16602: 16589: 16572: 16566: 16553: 16532: 16526: 16513: 16500:Moise, Edwin. 16497: 16491: 16473: 16457: 16444: 16424: 16418: 16402: 16397: 16381: 16375: 16358: 16352: 16337: 16331: 16316: 16295: 16289: 16274: 16260: 16247: 16234: 16217: 16192: 16179: 16164: 16158: 16137: 16122:"The Gulf War" 16117: 16108: 16086: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16052: 16030: 16017: 16014: 16011: 15996: 15990: 15973: 15970: 15967: 15961: 15926: 15920: 15907: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15873: 15859: 15825: 15803: 15760: 15749:. 7 April 2011 15734: 15727: 15707: 15681: 15650: 15629: 15608: 15582: 15563: 15541: 15514: 15487: 15464: 15438: 15411: 15392: 15385: 15358: 15325: 15321:MeasuringWorth 15315:United States 15303:MeasuringWorth 15288: 15259: 15244: 15217: 15210: 15188: 15154: 15133: 15099: 15066: 15029:(2): e000311. 15009: 14986:Rubin, Michael 14977: 14938: 14908: 14877: 14862: 14842: 14813: 14789: 14785:Bravo Two Zero 14773: 14751: 14725: 14723:. 12 May 2004. 14712: 14690: 14653:Rubin, Michael 14644: 14631: 14622: 14598: 14576: 14570:Joshua Project 14556: 14521: 14489: 14474: 14449: 14431: 14400: 14388: 14369: 14343: 14324: 14295: 14236: 14216: 14195: 14184:on 27 May 2013 14164: 14148:Larry Johnson 14141: 14118: 14032: 14009: 13987: 13985:, p. 207. 13975: 13950: 13930: 13928:, p. 264. 13918: 13899: 13897:, p. 470. 13887: 13860: 13835: 13824:. 2 March 1991 13820:(in Italian). 13805: 13783: 13757: 13744: 13722: 13703: 13674: 13652: 13626: 13604: 13571: 13554: 13535: 13528: 13510: 13495:New York Times 13487: 13462: 13425:(2): e000311. 13405: 13366: 13347: 13325: 13309: 13276: 13250: 13248:, p. 265. 13238: 13213: 13191: 13161: 13139: 13117: 13095: 13077: 13063: 13051: 13025: 13004: 12978: 12969: 12943: 12928: 12901: 12894: 12867: 12860: 12833: 12807: 12787: 12761: 12743: 12720: 12691: 12669: 12651: 12641: 12635:. p. 20. 12625:Holsti, Ole R. 12616: 12604: 12592: 12569: 12549: 12547:, p. 207. 12537: 12511: 12477: 12475:, p. 375. 12473:Bourque (2001) 12465: 12456: 12440: 12438:, p. 471. 12436:Bourque (2001) 12428: 12419: 12410: 12406:Bourque (2001) 12398: 12394:Bourque (2001) 12383: 12381:, p. 243. 12379:Bourque (2001) 12364: 12362:, p. 185. 12360:Bourque (2001) 12352: 12350:, p. 324. 12348:Bourque (2001) 12340: 12338:, p. 350. 12336:Bourque (2001) 12328: 12324:Bourque (2001) 12316: 12314:, p. 265. 12312:Bourque (2001) 12304: 12302:, p. 319. 12300:Bourque (2001) 12292: 12283: 12281:, p. 377. 12279:Bourque (2001) 12264: 12262:, p. 275. 12260:Bourque (2001) 12249: 12247:, p. 260. 12245:Bourque (2001) 12237: 12228: 12214: 12202: 12188: 12179: 12150: 12141: 12132: 12113: 12101: 12092: 12083: 12056: 12054:, p. 244. 12052:Bourque (2001) 12037: 12035:, p. 107. 12033:Bourque (2001) 12022: 12018:Bourque (2001) 12010: 11988: 11965: 11963:, p. 377. 11953: 11951:, p. 275. 11941: 11927: 11915: 11913:, p. 473. 11911:Bourque (2001) 11903: 11899:Bourque (2001) 11891: 11877: 11851: 11848:. p. 408. 11833: 11816: 11807: 11805:, p. 194. 11803:Bourque (2001) 11795: 11781: 11779:, p. 259. 11777:Bourque (2001) 11766: 11762:Bourque (2001) 11754: 11752:, p. 225. 11750:Bourque (2001) 11739: 11737:, p. 207. 11735:Bourque (2001) 11722: 11720:, p. 206. 11718:Bourque (2001) 11705: 11701:Bourque (2001) 11693: 11691:, p. 201. 11689:Bourque (2001) 11681: 11679:, p. 163. 11677:Bourque (2001) 11669: 11652: 11650:, p. 161. 11648:Bourque (2001) 11637: 11635:, p. 164. 11633:Bourque (2001) 11625: 11621:Bourque (2001) 11613: 11611:, p. 160. 11609:Bourque (2001) 11596: 11594:, p. 159. 11592:Bourque (2001) 11579: 11577:, p. 103. 11575:Bourque (2001) 11567: 11565:, p. 102. 11563:Bourque (2001) 11555: 11551:Bourque (2001) 11540: 11536:Bourque (2001) 11528: 11524:Bourque (2001) 11516: 11512:Bourque (2001) 11504: 11500:Hillman (1993) 11492: 11452: 11429: 11403: 11368: 11342: 11331:on 14 May 2011 11316: 11280: 11268: 11240: 11219: 11186: 11154: 11100: 11079: 11017: 10989: 10977: 10964: 10953:on 14 May 2011 10937: 10911: 10898: 10883:Atkinson, Rick 10875: 10849: 10823: 10800: 10780: 10768: 10756: 10744: 10728: 10688: 10666: 10647: 10635: 10604: 10577: 10551: 10538: 10513: 10491: 10455: 10429: 10403: 10384: 10371: 10343: 10324: 10302: 10270: 10245: 10234:on 8 June 2011 10219: 10205: 10201:New York Times 10182: 10169: 10156: 10152:New York Times 10143: 10132:. pp. A10 10116: 10087: 10057: 10028: 10008: 9985: 9957: 9922: 9901: 9888: 9865: 9843: 9820: 9797: 9767: 9742: 9716: 9680: 9665: 9629: 9605: 9569: 9530: 9494: 9476: 9458: 9427: 9400: 9393: 9367: 9355: 9330: 9293: 9278: 9267:on 26 May 2008 9247: 9228: 9224:New York Times 9201: 9183: 9168: 9166:, 25 July 1990 9164:New York Times 9145: 9143:, 18 July 1990 9141:New York Times 9122: 9120:, p. 343. 9107: 9105:, p. 338. 9095: 9083: 9081:, p. 336. 9071: 9069:, p. 335. 9059: 9057:, p. 334. 9044: 9019: 9006: 9004:, p. 341. 8991: 8979: 8966: 8951: 8917: 8893: 8878: 8876:, p. 333. 8866: 8859: 8830: 8799: 8792: 8763: 8714: 8707: 8674: 8667: 8638: 8617: 8591: 8579: 8550: 8532: 8515: 8496: 8469: 8439: 8417: 8390: 8368: 8342: 8316: 8296: 8269: 8240: 8221: 8198: 8173: 8171:, p. 455. 8169:Bourque (2001) 8146: 8127: 8107: 8096:on 1 June 2013 8081: 8072: 8045: 8032: 8019: 8010: 7997: 7982: 7973: 7952: 7945: 7914: 7893: 7870: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7806: 7798:Saddam Hussein 7777: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7645: 7642: 7602: 7599: 7524: 7521: 7509:Media watchdog 7468: 7467: 7432:of the subject 7430:worldwide view 7425: 7423: 7416: 7407:Main article: 7404: 7403:Media coverage 7401: 7369: 7366: 7352: 7349: 7336:Iraqi military 7314:Main article: 7311: 7308: 7304:Failaka Island 7280:Main article: 7277: 7274: 7250:Hammar Marshes 7206:Main article: 7203: 7200: 7192:hyperinflation 7173: 7170: 7134:US Fifth Fleet 7121:Main article: 7118: 7115: 7084: 7081: 7046: 7043: 7008:Main article: 7005: 7002: 6952: 6949: 6929:New York Times 6905:Main article: 6902: 6899: 6851:Main article: 6848: 6845: 6777:Main article: 6774: 6771: 6766:Main article: 6763: 6760: 6750: 6747: 6701:Scott Speicher 6691: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6677:Czechoslovakia 6666: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6554: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6529: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6504: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6426: 6425:United Kingdom 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6380: 6377: 6374: 6362: 6361: 6358: 6353: 6350: 6345: 6342: 6332: 6329: 6309: 6306: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6111:Main article: 6108: 6107:United Kingdom 6105: 6065:Main article: 6062: 6059: 6026:Main article: 6023: 6020: 6007:field hospital 5958:committed the 5956:Brian Mulroney 5948:Main article: 5945: 5942: 5926:United Nations 5920:Bahía San Blas 5908:, a corvette, 5879:Main article: 5876: 5873: 5835:Main article: 5832: 5829: 5803:Main article: 5800: 5797: 5674:Main article: 5671: 5668: 5595: 5592: 5565:only Sergeant 5545: 5542: 5534:scorched earth 5490:Main article: 5487: 5484: 5419:M110 howitzers 5415:FV101 Scorpion 5192: 5189: 5086:Main article: 5071: 5068: 5006:Main article: 5003: 5000: 4962: 4961: 4876: 4874: 4867: 4858:Main article: 4855: 4852: 4817:patrol of the 4815:Bravo Two Zero 4796: 4795: 4786: 4785: 4784: 4775: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4741:Yitzhak Shamir 4701: 4698: 4683:aerial bombing 4660:Main article: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4559:Paul Wolfowitz 4536: 4533: 4482: 4479: 4437:and President 4389:Emir of Kuwait 4363: 4360: 4258:Acting on the 4208: 4207:Military means 4205: 4155:Resolution 678 4112:naval blockade 4108:Resolution 665 4100:Resolution 661 4089:Resolution 660 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4006: 4003: 3885:saber rattling 3839: 3836: 3725:demobilization 3706:slant-drilling 3673:Ottoman Empire 3642:Saddam Hussein 3624:), and the US 3609:Saddam Hussein 3560: 3557: 3556: 3555: 3546: 3540: 3529: 3528:Campaign names 3526: 3525: 3524: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3481: 3480: 3479: 3456: 3441: 3438: 3355:First Gulf War 3336:First Iraq War 3327:Umm al-Ma'arik 3310:First Iraq War 3293: 3290: 3270:Video Game War 3230:United Kingdom 3163:slant drilling 3151:Saddam Hussein 3108: 3107: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3034: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3023:"No new taxes" 3015: 3010: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2993: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2964:Federal judges 2960: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2870: 2869: 2858: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2788:Foreign policy 2785: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2682:a series about 2678: 2676: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2656: 2649: 2642: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2620: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2586:Arab socialism 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574:Related topics 2573: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2502: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2483: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2399: 2394: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2358: 2357: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2320: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2209: 2207: 2201: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2153: 2146:Baathist Syria 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2100:Ba'athist Iraq 2095: 2092: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2071: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2040:Saddam Hussein 2037: 2032: 2030:Hafez al-Assad 2027: 2022: 2020:Fuad al-Rikabi 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1995:Zaki al-Arsuzi 1991: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1922: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1904: 1903: 1897: 1896: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1866:Post-ceasefire 1863: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1661: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1557: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1540: 1539: 1532: 1525: 1517: 1509: 1508: 1476:missing people 1465: 1464: 1435: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1370: 1367:1,800 aircraft 1360: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1339: 1327: 1315: 1303: 1291: 1279: 1267: 1255: 1253:Saddam Hussein 1242: 1240: 1238: 1237: 1225: 1213: 1201: 1189: 1177: 1165: 1153: 1141: 1129: 1117: 1105: 1093: 1081: 1069: 1057: 1045: 1033: 1021: 1009: 997: 985: 973: 961: 949: 937: 925: 913: 900: 897: 896: 892: 891: 876: 874: 873: 858: 845: 832: 819: 806: 793: 780: 767: 754: 741: 728: 715: 702: 689: 676: 663: 650: 637: 624: 611: 598: 585: 572: 559: 546: 533: 520: 507: 494: 492:Czechoslovakia 482: 469: 456: 443: 428: 415: 402: 383: 382: 381: 378: 377: 364: 351: 338: 325: 322:United Kingdom 310: 296: 293: 292: 288: 287: 284: 283: 282: 281: 267: 259: 253: 252: 246: 242: 241: 238: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 211: 210: 208: 204: 203: 172: 164: 163: 161: 160: 154: 148: 141: 134: 115: 100: 99: 91: 90: 89: 80: 79: 71: 70: 69: 60: 59: 58: 57: 56: 53: 52: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 27305: 27294: 27291: 27289: 27286: 27284: 27281: 27279: 27276: 27274: 27271: 27269: 27266: 27264: 27261: 27259: 27256: 27254: 27251: 27249: 27246: 27244: 27241: 27239: 27236: 27234: 27231: 27229: 27226: 27224: 27221: 27219: 27216: 27214: 27211: 27209: 27206: 27204: 27201: 27199: 27196: 27194: 27191: 27189: 27186: 27184: 27181: 27179: 27176: 27174: 27171: 27169: 27166: 27164: 27161: 27159: 27156: 27154: 27151: 27149: 27146: 27144: 27141: 27139: 27136: 27134: 27131: 27129: 27126: 27124: 27121: 27119: 27116: 27114: 27111: 27109: 27106: 27104: 27101: 27099: 27096: 27094: 27091: 27089: 27086: 27084: 27081: 27079: 27076: 27074: 27071: 27069: 27066: 27064: 27061: 27059: 27056: 27054: 27051: 27049: 27046: 27044: 27041: 27039: 27036: 27034: 27031: 27029: 27026: 27025: 27023: 27013: 27008: 27003: 27001: 27000:United States 26991: 26989: 26979: 26977: 26967: 26966: 26963: 26946: 26945: 26934: 26928: 26925: 26923: 26920: 26918: 26915: 26913: 26910: 26908: 26905: 26903: 26900: 26898: 26895: 26891: 26888: 26887: 26886: 26883: 26881: 26878: 26876: 26873: 26871: 26868: 26866: 26863: 26862: 26860: 26856: 26850: 26847: 26845: 26842: 26840: 26837: 26833: 26830: 26829: 26828: 26825: 26821: 26818: 26817: 26816: 26813: 26809: 26806: 26805: 26804: 26801: 26799: 26796: 26794: 26791: 26790: 26788: 26784: 26778: 26775: 26771: 26768: 26766: 26765:kafala system 26763: 26762: 26761: 26758: 26756: 26753: 26751: 26748: 26746: 26743: 26741: 26738: 26736: 26733: 26731: 26728: 26726: 26723: 26721: 26718: 26716: 26713: 26712: 26710: 26706: 26701: 26691: 26688: 26686: 26683: 26681: 26678: 26676: 26673: 26671: 26668: 26666: 26663: 26662: 26660: 26658:Member states 26656: 26652: 26645: 26640: 26638: 26633: 26631: 26626: 26625: 26622: 26610: 26607: 26605: 26602: 26600: 26597: 26596: 26593: 26587: 26584: 26582: 26579: 26577: 26574: 26572: 26571:War on terror 26569: 26567: 26564: 26562: 26559: 26557: 26554: 26552: 26549: 26548: 26546: 26542: 26536: 26533: 26531: 26528: 26526: 26523: 26521: 26518: 26516: 26513: 26511: 26508: 26506: 26503: 26501: 26498: 26496: 26493: 26491: 26488: 26486: 26483: 26481: 26478: 26476: 26473: 26472: 26470: 26466:Espionage and 26464: 26458: 26455: 26453: 26450: 26448: 26445: 26443: 26440: 26438: 26435: 26433: 26430: 26428: 26425: 26423: 26420: 26418: 26417:Andrew Thorpe 26415: 26413: 26410: 26408: 26405: 26403: 26400: 26398: 26395: 26393: 26390: 26388: 26385: 26383: 26380: 26378: 26375: 26373: 26370: 26368: 26365: 26363: 26360: 26358: 26355: 26353: 26350: 26348: 26345: 26343: 26340: 26338: 26335: 26333: 26330: 26328: 26325: 26323: 26320: 26318: 26315: 26313: 26312:Gabriel Kolko 26310: 26308: 26305: 26303: 26300: 26298: 26295: 26293: 26290: 26288: 26285: 26283: 26280: 26278: 26277:Fred Halliday 26275: 26273: 26270: 26268: 26265: 26263: 26262:Lloyd Gardner 26260: 26258: 26255: 26253: 26250: 26248: 26245: 26243: 26240: 26238: 26235: 26233: 26230: 26228: 26225: 26223: 26222:Norman Davies 26220: 26218: 26215: 26213: 26210: 26208: 26207:John Costello 26205: 26203: 26200: 26198: 26195: 26193: 26190: 26188: 26185: 26183: 26180: 26178: 26175: 26174: 26172: 26168: 26162: 26159: 26157: 26154: 26152: 26149: 26148: 26146: 26142:Technological 26140: 26130: 26127: 26125: 26122: 26121: 26118: 26115: 26113: 26112: 26108: 26106: 26103: 26101: 26100: 26096: 26095: 26093: 26089: 26083: 26082: 26078: 26076: 26073: 26071: 26070: 26066: 26064: 26063: 26059: 26057: 26054: 26052: 26051: 26047: 26045: 26044: 26040: 26038: 26037: 26033: 26031: 26028: 26027: 26025: 26023:Pro-communist 26021: 26018: 26014: 26008: 26005: 26003: 26000: 25998: 25995: 25993: 25990: 25988: 25985: 25983: 25980: 25978: 25975: 25973: 25970: 25968: 25965: 25963: 25960: 25958: 25955: 25954: 25952: 25950:Organizations 25948: 25938: 25935: 25933: 25930: 25928: 25925: 25923: 25920: 25918: 25915: 25913: 25910: 25908: 25905: 25903: 25900: 25898: 25895: 25893: 25890: 25888: 25885: 25883: 25880: 25878: 25875: 25873: 25870: 25868: 25865: 25863: 25860: 25858: 25855: 25853: 25850: 25848: 25845: 25843: 25840: 25838: 25835: 25833: 25830: 25828: 25825: 25823: 25820: 25819: 25817: 25813: 25807: 25804: 25802: 25799: 25797: 25794: 25792: 25789: 25787: 25784: 25782: 25781: 25777: 25775: 25772: 25770: 25767: 25765: 25764:Eurocommunism 25762: 25760: 25757: 25755: 25752: 25750: 25747: 25746: 25744: 25742: 25738: 25732: 25729: 25727: 25724: 25722: 25719: 25717: 25714: 25712: 25709: 25707: 25704: 25702: 25699: 25695: 25692: 25691: 25690: 25687: 25685: 25682: 25680: 25677: 25676: 25674: 25672: 25668: 25665: 25661: 25655: 25652: 25650: 25647: 25645: 25642: 25640: 25637: 25635: 25632: 25630: 25627: 25625: 25622: 25620: 25617: 25615: 25612: 25610: 25607: 25605: 25602: 25600: 25597: 25595: 25594:Domino theory 25592: 25590: 25587: 25585: 25582: 25580: 25577: 25576: 25574: 25570: 25564: 25561: 25559: 25556: 25554: 25551: 25549: 25548:South Ossetia 25546: 25544: 25541: 25539: 25536: 25534: 25531: 25529: 25526: 25525: 25523: 25521: 25517: 25511: 25508: 25504: 25501: 25500: 25499: 25496: 25494: 25491: 25489: 25486: 25484: 25481: 25479: 25476: 25474: 25471: 25469: 25466: 25464: 25461: 25459: 25456: 25455: 25453: 25449: 25443: 25440: 25438: 25435: 25433: 25430: 25428: 25425: 25423: 25420: 25418: 25415: 25413: 25410: 25408: 25405: 25403: 25400: 25398: 25395: 25393: 25390: 25388: 25385: 25383: 25380: 25378: 25375: 25373: 25370: 25368: 25365: 25363: 25360: 25358: 25355: 25353: 25350: 25348: 25345: 25342: 25338: 25335: 25333: 25332:8888 Uprising 25330: 25328: 25325: 25323: 25320: 25318: 25315: 25313: 25310: 25308: 25305: 25303: 25300: 25298: 25295: 25293: 25290: 25288: 25285: 25283: 25280: 25278: 25277:Iran–Iraq War 25275: 25273: 25270: 25268: 25265: 25263: 25260: 25258: 25255: 25253: 25250: 25248: 25245: 25243: 25242:Falklands War 25240: 25238: 25235: 25233: 25230: 25228: 25225: 25223: 25220: 25218: 25215: 25213: 25210: 25206: 25203: 25202: 25201: 25198: 25196: 25193: 25191: 25188: 25186: 25182: 25179: 25177: 25174: 25172: 25169: 25168: 25166: 25162: 25156: 25153: 25151: 25148: 25146: 25143: 25141: 25138: 25136: 25133: 25131: 25128: 25126: 25123: 25121: 25118: 25116: 25113: 25111: 25108: 25106: 25105:NDF Rebellion 25103: 25101: 25098: 25096: 25093: 25091: 25088: 25086: 25085:German Autumn 25083: 25081: 25078: 25076: 25073: 25071: 25068: 25066: 25065: 25060: 25058: 25055: 25053: 25050: 25048: 25045: 25043: 25040: 25038: 25035: 25033: 25030: 25028: 25025: 25023: 25020: 25018: 25015: 25013: 25010: 25008: 25005: 25003: 25000: 24998: 24995: 24993: 24990: 24988: 24985: 24983: 24980: 24978: 24975: 24973: 24972:Metapolitefsi 24970: 24968: 24965: 24963: 24960: 24958: 24955: 24953: 24950: 24948: 24945: 24943: 24940: 24938: 24935: 24933: 24930: 24928: 24925: 24923: 24920: 24918: 24915: 24913: 24910: 24908: 24905: 24903: 24900: 24898: 24895: 24893: 24890: 24888: 24885: 24883: 24880: 24878: 24875: 24873: 24870: 24868: 24867: 24863: 24861: 24858: 24856: 24853: 24851: 24848: 24846: 24843: 24841: 24838: 24836: 24833: 24831: 24828: 24826: 24823: 24821: 24818: 24816: 24813: 24812: 24810: 24806: 24800: 24797: 24795: 24792: 24790: 24787: 24785: 24782: 24780: 24777: 24773: 24770: 24769: 24768: 24765: 24763: 24760: 24758: 24755: 24753: 24750: 24748: 24745: 24743: 24741: 24736: 24734: 24733:Prague Spring 24731: 24727: 24724: 24723: 24722: 24719: 24717: 24714: 24712: 24711:Al-Wadiah War 24709: 24707: 24704: 24702: 24699: 24697: 24694: 24692: 24689: 24687: 24684: 24682: 24679: 24677: 24676:12-3 incident 24674: 24672: 24669: 24667: 24664: 24662: 24659: 24657: 24654: 24652: 24649: 24647: 24644: 24642: 24639: 24637: 24634: 24632: 24629: 24627: 24624: 24622: 24619: 24617: 24614: 24612: 24609: 24605: 24602: 24601: 24600: 24597: 24595: 24592: 24590: 24587: 24585: 24582: 24580: 24577: 24575: 24572: 24570: 24567: 24565: 24562: 24560: 24557: 24555: 24552: 24550: 24547: 24545: 24542: 24540: 24537: 24533: 24530: 24528: 24525: 24523: 24520: 24519: 24518: 24515: 24513: 24510: 24508: 24505: 24503: 24500: 24498: 24495: 24493: 24490: 24488: 24485: 24481: 24478: 24477: 24476: 24473: 24469: 24466: 24465: 24464: 24461: 24459: 24456: 24454: 24451: 24449: 24446: 24444: 24441: 24439: 24436: 24435: 24433: 24429: 24423: 24420: 24416: 24413: 24412: 24411: 24408: 24406: 24403: 24401: 24398: 24396: 24393: 24391: 24388: 24386: 24383: 24381: 24378: 24376: 24373: 24371: 24368: 24366: 24363: 24361: 24358: 24356: 24355: 24350: 24347: 24343: 24341: 24338: 24336: 24333: 24331: 24328: 24326: 24323: 24320: 24316: 24314: 24311: 24309: 24306: 24304: 24301: 24299: 24296: 24294: 24291: 24289: 24286: 24284: 24281: 24279: 24276: 24274: 24273: 24268: 24266: 24263: 24261: 24258: 24256: 24255:Domino theory 24253: 24251: 24250:Petrov Affair 24248: 24246: 24243: 24241: 24238: 24236: 24233: 24231: 24228: 24226: 24223: 24221: 24218: 24216: 24213: 24211: 24208: 24206: 24203: 24201: 24198: 24196: 24193: 24191: 24188: 24187: 24185: 24181: 24175: 24172: 24170: 24167: 24165: 24162: 24158: 24155: 24154: 24153: 24150: 24148: 24145: 24143: 24140: 24138: 24135: 24133: 24130: 24128: 24127:Madiun Affair 24125: 24123: 24120: 24118: 24115: 24113: 24110: 24108: 24105: 24103: 24100: 24098: 24095: 24093: 24090: 24088: 24087:Marshall Plan 24085: 24081: 24078: 24076: 24073: 24071: 24068: 24067: 24066: 24063: 24061: 24058: 24056: 24053: 24051: 24048: 24046: 24043: 24041: 24038: 24036: 24033: 24031: 24028: 24026: 24023: 24021: 24018: 24016: 24013: 24011: 24008: 24006: 24003: 24001: 23998: 23996: 23995: 23990: 23988: 23987: 23982: 23980: 23979: 23974: 23972: 23969: 23967: 23964: 23962: 23959: 23957: 23956: 23951: 23949: 23946: 23942: 23939: 23937: 23936: 23931: 23929: 23928: 23923: 23922: 23921: 23918: 23916: 23913: 23911: 23908: 23906: 23903: 23901: 23898: 23897: 23895: 23891: 23885: 23882: 23880: 23877: 23875: 23872: 23870: 23867: 23865: 23862: 23860: 23857: 23855: 23852: 23850: 23847: 23845: 23844: 23840: 23838: 23837: 23836:United States 23833: 23832: 23829: 23825: 23818: 23813: 23811: 23806: 23804: 23799: 23798: 23795: 23783: 23779: 23775: 23773: 23765: 23763: 23760: 23758: 23757:List of years 23755: 23754: 23751: 23737: 23729: 23727: 23726:Urban history 23724: 23723: 23721: 23717: 23711: 23708: 23706: 23705:Palmyra Atoll 23703: 23701: 23698: 23696: 23693: 23691: 23688: 23686: 23683: 23681: 23680:Jarvis Island 23678: 23676: 23673: 23671: 23668: 23667: 23665: 23661: 23655: 23652: 23650: 23647: 23645: 23642: 23640: 23637: 23635: 23632: 23631: 23629: 23627:Insular areas 23625: 23621: 23617: 23613: 23607: 23604: 23602: 23599: 23597: 23596:West Virginia 23594: 23592: 23589: 23587: 23584: 23582: 23579: 23577: 23574: 23572: 23569: 23567: 23564: 23562: 23559: 23557: 23554: 23552: 23549: 23547: 23544: 23542: 23539: 23537: 23534: 23532: 23529: 23527: 23524: 23522: 23519: 23517: 23514: 23512: 23509: 23507: 23504: 23502: 23501:New Hampshire 23499: 23497: 23494: 23492: 23489: 23487: 23484: 23482: 23479: 23477: 23474: 23472: 23469: 23467: 23464: 23462: 23461:Massachusetts 23459: 23457: 23454: 23452: 23449: 23447: 23444: 23442: 23439: 23437: 23434: 23432: 23429: 23427: 23424: 23422: 23419: 23417: 23414: 23412: 23409: 23407: 23404: 23402: 23399: 23397: 23394: 23392: 23389: 23387: 23384: 23382: 23379: 23377: 23374: 23372: 23369: 23367: 23364: 23362: 23359: 23358: 23356: 23352: 23346: 23343: 23341: 23338: 23336: 23333: 23332: 23330: 23326: 23320: 23317: 23315: 23312: 23310: 23307: 23305: 23302: 23300: 23297: 23296: 23294: 23292: 23288: 23284: 23277: 23273: 23261: 23258: 23256: 23253: 23251: 23248: 23247: 23246: 23245: 23241: 23239: 23238: 23234: 23230: 23227: 23225: 23222: 23221: 23220: 23219: 23215: 23211: 23208: 23206: 23203: 23201: 23198: 23196: 23193: 23191: 23188: 23186: 23183: 23182: 23181: 23180: 23176: 23174: 23173: 23169: 23165: 23162: 23161: 23160: 23159: 23155: 23151: 23148: 23146: 23143: 23141: 23138: 23136: 23133: 23131: 23128: 23126: 23123: 23121: 23118: 23116: 23113: 23111: 23108: 23107: 23106: 23105: 23101: 23097: 23094: 23092: 23091:Thai American 23089: 23087: 23084: 23082: 23079: 23077: 23074: 23072: 23069: 23067: 23064: 23063: 23062: 23061: 23057: 23055: 23054: 23050: 23049: 23046: 23039: 23035: 23023: 23020: 23018: 23015: 23013: 23010: 23008: 23005: 23003: 23000: 22999: 22998: 22997: 22993: 22989: 22986: 22985: 22984: 22983: 22979: 22977: 22976: 22972: 22970: 22969: 22965: 22961: 22958: 22956: 22953: 22951: 22948: 22946: 22943: 22941: 22938: 22936: 22933: 22932: 22931: 22930: 22929:Party Systems 22926: 22922: 22919: 22917: 22914: 22912: 22909: 22907: 22904: 22902: 22899: 22897: 22894: 22893: 22892: 22891: 22887: 22885: 22884: 22880: 22878: 22877: 22873: 22869: 22868:Voting rights 22866: 22864: 22861: 22859: 22856: 22854: 22851: 22849: 22846: 22844: 22841: 22839: 22836: 22834: 22831: 22829: 22826: 22824: 22821: 22819: 22816: 22814: 22811: 22810: 22809: 22808: 22804: 22802: 22801: 22797: 22793: 22790: 22789: 22788: 22787: 22783: 22779: 22776: 22775: 22774: 22773: 22769: 22765: 22762: 22761: 22760: 22759: 22755: 22751: 22748: 22746: 22743: 22741: 22738: 22736: 22733: 22732: 22731: 22730: 22726: 22724: 22723: 22719: 22717: 22716: 22712: 22711: 22708: 22701: 22697: 22683: 22680: 22678: 22675: 22673: 22672: 22668: 22666: 22663: 22661: 22658: 22656: 22653: 22649: 22646: 22645: 22644: 22641: 22639: 22636: 22634: 22633: 22629: 22627: 22624: 22620: 22617: 22615: 22612: 22610: 22607: 22605: 22602: 22600: 22597: 22595: 22592: 22590: 22587: 22585: 22582: 22581: 22580: 22577: 22575: 22572: 22571: 22569: 22567: 22563: 22557: 22554: 22552: 22549: 22547: 22544: 22540: 22537: 22535: 22532: 22531: 22530: 22529:War on terror 22527: 22525: 22522: 22520: 22519: 22515: 22513: 22510: 22508: 22505: 22503: 22500: 22498: 22495: 22493: 22490: 22488: 22485: 22483: 22480: 22478: 22475: 22474: 22472: 22470: 22466: 22460: 22457: 22455: 22452: 22450: 22447: 22443: 22440: 22438: 22435: 22433: 22430: 22429: 22428: 22427:Late Cold War 22425: 22423: 22420: 22416: 22413: 22411: 22408: 22407: 22406: 22403: 22402: 22400: 22398: 22394: 22388: 22385: 22383: 22380: 22378: 22375: 22371: 22368: 22367: 22366: 22363: 22361: 22358: 22356: 22353: 22351: 22348: 22344: 22341: 22339: 22336: 22334: 22331: 22330: 22329: 22326: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22314: 22313: 22312: 22309: 22307: 22306:Great Society 22304: 22303: 22301: 22299: 22295: 22289: 22286: 22282: 22279: 22278: 22277: 22274: 22272: 22269: 22267: 22264: 22262: 22261:Post-war boom 22259: 22255: 22252: 22250: 22247: 22245: 22242: 22240: 22237: 22236: 22235: 22232: 22228: 22225: 22224: 22223: 22220: 22218: 22215: 22214: 22212: 22210: 22206: 22196: 22193: 22192: 22191: 22188: 22186: 22183: 22181: 22178: 22177: 22176: 22173: 22169: 22166: 22164: 22161: 22159: 22156: 22155: 22154: 22151: 22147: 22144: 22142: 22139: 22137: 22134: 22132: 22129: 22127: 22124: 22122: 22119: 22118: 22117: 22114: 22112: 22109: 22105: 22102: 22101: 22100: 22097: 22096: 22094: 22092: 22088: 22082: 22079: 22075: 22072: 22070: 22067: 22065: 22062: 22060: 22057: 22056: 22055: 22052: 22048: 22045: 22043: 22040: 22038: 22035: 22033: 22030: 22028: 22025: 22023: 22020: 22019: 22018: 22015: 22013: 22010: 22006: 22003: 22001: 21998: 21996: 21993: 21991: 21988: 21986: 21983: 21982: 21981: 21978: 21977: 21975: 21973: 21969: 21961: 21958: 21956: 21953: 21952: 21951: 21948: 21944: 21941: 21939: 21936: 21934: 21931: 21927: 21924: 21923: 21922: 21919: 21917: 21914: 21912: 21909: 21908: 21907: 21904: 21902: 21899: 21897: 21894: 21893: 21891: 21889: 21885: 21879: 21876: 21874: 21871: 21867: 21864: 21862: 21859: 21857: 21854: 21852: 21849: 21847: 21844: 21842: 21839: 21838: 21837: 21834: 21830: 21827: 21825: 21822: 21821: 21820: 21817: 21816: 21814: 21812: 21808: 21800: 21797: 21795: 21792: 21791: 21790: 21787: 21783: 21780: 21778: 21775: 21774: 21773: 21770: 21768: 21765: 21764: 21762: 21760: 21756: 21748: 21745: 21743: 21740: 21738: 21735: 21733: 21730: 21728: 21725: 21722: 21721: 21720: 21717: 21713: 21710: 21708: 21705: 21703: 21700: 21698: 21695: 21693: 21690: 21689: 21688: 21685: 21684: 21682: 21680: 21676: 21668: 21665: 21663: 21660: 21658: 21655: 21653: 21650: 21648: 21645: 21643: 21640: 21638: 21635: 21633: 21630: 21628: 21625: 21623: 21620: 21618: 21615: 21614: 21613: 21610: 21608: 21605: 21603: 21600: 21598: 21595: 21593: 21590: 21588: 21585: 21583: 21580: 21578: 21575: 21573: 21570: 21568: 21565: 21563: 21560: 21558: 21555: 21553: 21550: 21549: 21547: 21545: 21541: 21535: 21534: 21530: 21528: 21527: 21523: 21522: 21520: 21516: 21512: 21505: 21501: 21495: 21492: 21490: 21487: 21486: 21483: 21479: 21472: 21467: 21465: 21460: 21458: 21453: 21452: 21449: 21437: 21429: 21427: 21419: 21417: 21413: 21409: 21407: 21399: 21398: 21395: 21379: 21376: 21374: 21371: 21370: 21369: 21366: 21364: 21361: 21359: 21356: 21354: 21351: 21349: 21346: 21344: 21341: 21339: 21336: 21334: 21331: 21329: 21326: 21324: 21321: 21319: 21316: 21314: 21311: 21309: 21306: 21304: 21301: 21300: 21298: 21294: 21286: 21283: 21281: 21278: 21276: 21273: 21271: 21268: 21266: 21263: 21262: 21261: 21258: 21256: 21253: 21249: 21246: 21243: 21242:Iraqi Turkmen 21240: 21238: 21235: 21233: 21230: 21228: 21225: 21223: 21220: 21218: 21215: 21213: 21210: 21208: 21205: 21203: 21200: 21199: 21198: 21195: 21191: 21188: 21186: 21183: 21181: 21178: 21176: 21173: 21171: 21168: 21167: 21166: 21163: 21161: 21158: 21157: 21155: 21153: 21149: 21145: 21141: 21136: 21132: 21122: 21119: 21117: 21114: 21112: 21109: 21107: 21104: 21102: 21099: 21097: 21094: 21092: 21089: 21087: 21084: 21082: 21079: 21077: 21074: 21072: 21069: 21067: 21061: 21059: 21056: 21054: 21051: 21049: 21046: 21044: 21041: 21040: 21037: 21033: 21028: 21024: 21014: 21011: 21009: 21006: 21004: 21001: 20999: 20996: 20994: 20991: 20989: 20986: 20982: 20979: 20977: 20974: 20972: 20969: 20965: 20962: 20961: 20960: 20957: 20955: 20952: 20950: 20947: 20946: 20945: 20942: 20936: 20933: 20932: 20931: 20928: 20924: 20921: 20920: 20919: 20916: 20914: 20911: 20909: 20906: 20905: 20904: 20901: 20899: 20896: 20894: 20891: 20889: 20886: 20884: 20881: 20879: 20877:(legislative) 20873: 20871: 20868: 20866: 20863: 20862: 20859: 20855: 20850: 20846: 20836: 20833: 20831: 20828: 20826: 20823: 20821: 20818: 20816: 20813: 20811: 20810:Syrian Desert 20808: 20806: 20805:Shatt al-Arab 20803: 20801: 20798: 20796: 20793: 20791: 20788: 20786: 20783: 20781: 20778: 20776: 20773: 20771: 20768: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20740:Faw peninsula 20738: 20737: 20734: 20730: 20725: 20721: 20707: 20704: 20700: 20697: 20696: 20695: 20692: 20688: 20685: 20683: 20682:Fall of Mosul 20680: 20679: 20678: 20675: 20673: 20670: 20666: 20663: 20661: 20658: 20656: 20655:U.S. invasion 20653: 20652: 20651: 20648: 20646: 20643: 20639: 20636: 20635: 20634: 20631: 20629: 20626: 20624: 20621: 20619: 20618:Iran–Iraq War 20616: 20614: 20611: 20609: 20606: 20604: 20601: 20599: 20596: 20594: 20591: 20589: 20586: 20583: 20579: 20576: 20575: 20572: 20566: 20564: 20561: 20559: 20556: 20554: 20551: 20550: 20548: 20546: 20542: 20536: 20533: 20529: 20526: 20525: 20524: 20521: 20519: 20516: 20514: 20511: 20508: 20504: 20501: 20499: 20496: 20494: 20491: 20489: 20486: 20484: 20483:Buyid dynasty 20481: 20479: 20476: 20474: 20471: 20469: 20466: 20465: 20463: 20459: 20453: 20450: 20448: 20445: 20443: 20440: 20438: 20435: 20433: 20430: 20428: 20425: 20423: 20420: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20405: 20403: 20400: 20398: 20395: 20393: 20390: 20388: 20385: 20383: 20380: 20378: 20375: 20373: 20370: 20368: 20365: 20363: 20360: 20358: 20355: 20353: 20350: 20348: 20345: 20343: 20340: 20338: 20335: 20333: 20332:Halaf culture 20330: 20328: 20325: 20323: 20320: 20319: 20317: 20315: 20311: 20307: 20303: 20298: 20294: 20289: 20283: 20273: 20268: 20266: 20261: 20259: 20254: 20253: 20250: 20240: 20239: 20228: 20222: 20221: 20217: 20215: 20214: 20210: 20208: 20207: 20203: 20201: 20200: 20196: 20195: 20193: 20189: 20183: 20179: 20177: 20173: 20169: 20165: 20163: 20159: 20155: 20153: 20149: 20147: 20143: 20142:Sajida Talfah 20139: 20137: 20133: 20129: 20125: 20122: 20119: 20118: 20116: 20114: 20110: 20104: 20101: 20099: 20096: 20095: 20093: 20089: 20083: 20080: 20078: 20077: 20073: 20071: 20070: 20066: 20064: 20063: 20059: 20057: 20056: 20052: 20051: 20049: 20047: 20043: 20038: 20026: 20023: 20022: 20021: 20018: 20016: 20013: 20011: 20010:Interrogation 20008: 20006: 20003: 19999: 19996: 19995: 19994: 19991: 19989: 19986: 19982: 19979: 19978: 19977: 19974: 19972: 19969: 19965: 19962: 19961: 19960: 19959:Iran–Iraq War 19957: 19955: 19952: 19950: 19947: 19946: 19944: 19940: 19936: 19929: 19924: 19922: 19917: 19915: 19910: 19909: 19906: 19893: 19892: 19887: 19884: 19883: 19878: 19877: 19874: 19867: 19863: 19860: 19856: 19853: 19849: 19846: 19842: 19839: 19835: 19830: 19826: 19825: 19823: 19819: 19816: 19812: 19809: 19805: 19802: 19798: 19795: 19791: 19788: 19784: 19781: 19777: 19774: 19770: 19767: 19763: 19760: 19756: 19753: 19749: 19744: 19740: 19739: 19737: 19733: 19728: 19724: 19721: 19717: 19716: 19714: 19710: 19705: 19701: 19698: 19694: 19691: 19687: 19684: 19680: 19677: 19673: 19672: 19670: 19666: 19663: 19659: 19656: 19652: 19649: 19645: 19640: 19636: 19635: 19633: 19629: 19626: 19622: 19619: 19615: 19612: 19608: 19605: 19601: 19598: 19594: 19593: 19591: 19587: 19580: 19576: 19571: 19567: 19566: 19564: 19560: 19557: 19553: 19550: 19546: 19543: 19539: 19536: 19532: 19529: 19525: 19520: 19516: 19513: 19509: 19508: 19506: 19502: 19501: 19499: 19497: 19493: 19482: 19478: 19475: 19471: 19468: 19464: 19461: 19457: 19453: 19449: 19448: 19446: 19442: 19435: 19431: 19426: 19422: 19419: 19415: 19414: 19412: 19408: 19403: 19402:controversies 19399: 19396: 19392: 19389: 19385: 19384: 19382: 19378: 19375: 19371: 19368: 19364: 19361: 19357: 19354: 19350: 19347: 19343: 19340: 19336: 19333: 19329: 19324: 19320: 19317: 19313: 19310: 19306: 19303: 19299: 19298: 19296: 19292: 19289: 19285: 19282: 19278: 19277: 19275: 19273: 19269: 19264: 19257: 19252: 19250: 19245: 19243: 19238: 19237: 19234: 19228: 19224: 19223: 19218: 19205: 19202: 19200: 19199:War on terror 19197: 19195: 19192: 19190: 19187: 19185: 19182: 19180: 19177: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19160: 19157: 19155: 19152: 19150: 19147: 19145: 19142: 19140: 19137: 19136: 19134: 19130: 19124: 19121: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19107: 19104: 19102: 19099: 19098: 19097: 19094: 19092: 19089: 19087: 19084: 19082: 19079: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19069: 19067: 19064: 19062: 19059: 19057: 19054: 19052: 19049: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19039: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19027: 19024: 19022: 19019: 19017: 19014: 19012: 19009: 19007: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18987: 18984: 18982: 18979: 18977: 18974: 18972: 18969: 18967: 18964: 18962: 18959: 18957: 18954: 18952: 18949: 18947: 18944: 18942: 18939: 18937: 18934: 18932: 18929: 18927: 18924: 18922: 18919: 18917: 18914: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18898: 18896: 18892: 18886: 18883: 18881: 18878: 18876: 18873: 18871: 18868: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18833: 18831: 18828: 18826: 18823: 18821: 18818: 18816: 18813: 18811: 18808: 18806: 18803: 18801: 18798: 18796: 18793: 18791: 18788: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18778: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18753: 18751: 18748: 18746: 18743: 18741: 18738: 18737: 18735: 18731: 18724: 18715: 18710: 18708: 18703: 18701: 18696: 18695: 18692: 18680: 18678: 18671: 18665: 18664: 18660: 18658: 18657: 18653: 18651: 18650: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18640: 18638: 18634: 18626: 18625: 18624: 18619: 18618: 18617: 18616:Yemeni crisis 18614: 18612: 18611: 18607: 18605: 18604: 18600: 18598: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18586: 18585: 18581: 18580: 18579: 18578: 18577: 18572: 18568: 18567: 18563: 18561: 18560: 18556: 18555: 18554: 18551: 18549: 18546: 18545: 18543: 18539: 18533: 18530: 18528: 18525: 18521: 18518: 18517: 18516: 18515: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18498: 18494: 18492: 18491: 18487: 18486: 18484: 18480: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18458: 18454: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18431: 18427: 18426: 18424: 18420: 18414: 18411: 18409: 18406: 18404: 18401: 18399: 18396: 18394: 18391: 18389: 18386: 18382: 18381: 18377: 18376: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18364: 18363:Iran–Iraq War 18360: 18359: 18357: 18353: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18339: 18337: 18334: 18330: 18327: 18326: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18314:NDF Rebellion 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18294: 18290: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18269: 18267: 18263: 18257: 18254: 18250: 18247: 18245: 18242: 18240: 18237: 18236: 18235: 18234: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18202: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18181: 18180: 18179: 18178: 18174: 18172: 18169: 18168: 18166: 18162: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18146: 18143: 18141: 18138: 18136: 18133: 18131: 18128: 18126: 18123: 18121: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18112: 18110: 18106: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18074: 18073: 18072: 18068: 18064: 18061: 18060: 18059: 18058: 18054: 18052: 18049: 18047: 18044: 18042: 18039: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18022: 18020: 18017: 18016: 18015: 18014: 18010: 18009: 18007: 18003: 17997: 17994: 17992: 17989: 17987: 17984: 17982: 17979: 17977: 17974: 17972: 17969: 17967: 17964: 17962: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17953: 17951: 17947: 17941: 17938: 17936: 17933: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17911: 17908: 17907: 17905: 17901: 17895: 17892: 17888: 17887:United States 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17861: 17858: 17857: 17856: 17853: 17852: 17851: 17850: 17846: 17844: 17841: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17831: 17827: 17824: 17822: 17819: 17817: 17814: 17812: 17809: 17805: 17802: 17801: 17800: 17797: 17796: 17795: 17794: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17784: 17782: 17778: 17774: 17767: 17762: 17760: 17755: 17753: 17748: 17747: 17744: 17732: 17729: 17727: 17724: 17723: 17721: 17717: 17711: 17708: 17707: 17705: 17701: 17695: 17692: 17690: 17689: 17684: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17641: 17636: 17635: 17633: 17629: 17623: 17620: 17618: 17615: 17614: 17612: 17608: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17592: 17589: 17587: 17584: 17582: 17579: 17577: 17574: 17573: 17571: 17569: 17565: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17541: 17539: 17536: 17534: 17531: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17503:Wadi al-Batin 17501: 17499: 17496: 17495: 17493: 17489: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17475: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17459: 17457: 17453: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17432: 17429: 17428: 17426: 17424: 17420: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17398:Iran–Iraq War 17396: 17395: 17393: 17389: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17374: 17372: 17368: 17362: 17359: 17357: 17354: 17353: 17350: 17346: 17339: 17334: 17332: 17327: 17325: 17320: 17319: 17316: 17310: 17303: 17297: 17293: 17290: 17287: 17283: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17254: 17251: 17247: 17244: 17241: 17236: 17232: 17229: 17227: 17223: 17219: 17216: 17213: 17211: 17208: 17206: 17202: 17199: 17197: 17193: 17190: 17187: 17184: 17183: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17164: 17161: 17158: 17155: 17152: 17149: 17146: 17145:James Follett 17142: 17139: 17137: 17133: 17129: 17126: 17123: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17111: 17107: 17104: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17092: 17088: 17084: 17083: 17079: 17077: 17073: 17069: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17056: 17052: 17049: 17048: 17037: 17033: 17029: 17028: 17024: 17021: 17020: 17015: 17011: 17008: 17007: 17002: 16999: 16998: 16994: 16991: 16990: 16986: 16983: 16982: 16978: 16975: 16974: 16970: 16967: 16966: 16962: 16959: 16958: 16954: 16951: 16950: 16946: 16943: 16942: 16938: 16935: 16934: 16930: 16927: 16926: 16922: 16921: 16910:(in Italian). 16909: 16905: 16904:"Iraq (1990)" 16901: 16897: 16893: 16881: 16877: 16873: 16862: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16840: 16836: 16831: 16827: 16821: 16814: 16810: 16804: 16800: 16795: 16783: 16779: 16775: 16770: 16759: 16754: 16750: 16744: 16739: 16738: 16731: 16727: 16721: 16717: 16716: 16711: 16707: 16703: 16697: 16693: 16688: 16684: 16678: 16674: 16673: 16668: 16663: 16659: 16653: 16649: 16648: 16643: 16639: 16636: 16632: 16626: 16622: 16617: 16616: 16609: 16605: 16599: 16595: 16590: 16578: 16573: 16569: 16563: 16559: 16554: 16542: 16538: 16533: 16529: 16523: 16519: 16514: 16503: 16498: 16494: 16488: 16484: 16483: 16478: 16477:Makiya, Kanan 16474: 16463: 16458: 16454: 16450: 16445: 16434: 16430: 16425: 16421: 16415: 16411: 16407: 16403: 16398: 16387: 16382: 16378: 16372: 16367: 16366: 16359: 16355: 16349: 16346:. Routledge. 16345: 16344: 16338: 16334: 16328: 16324: 16323: 16317: 16305: 16301: 16296: 16292: 16286: 16282: 16281: 16275: 16271: 16267: 16263: 16257: 16253: 16248: 16244: 16240: 16235: 16233: 16229: 16226: 16222: 16218: 16206: 16202: 16200: 16193: 16182: 16176: 16172: 16171: 16165: 16161: 16155: 16152:. Routledge. 16150: 16149: 16143: 16138: 16127: 16123: 16118: 16114: 16109: 16098: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16075: 16071: 16070:Sunday Herald 16067: 16062: 16061: 16049: 16045: 16041: 16037: 16033: 16027: 16023: 16018: 16015: 16012: 16009: 16005: 16001: 15997: 15993: 15987: 15983: 15982:Central Point 15979: 15974: 15971: 15968: 15965: 15962: 15947: 15943: 15939: 15932: 15927: 15923: 15917: 15913: 15908: 15904: 15900: 15896: 15892: 15888: 15883: 15882: 15869: 15863: 15848: 15844: 15840: 15836: 15829: 15814:. Ima.umn.edu 15813: 15807: 15788: 15784: 15777: 15773: 15767: 15765: 15748: 15747:The Economist 15744: 15738: 15730: 15724: 15720: 15719: 15711: 15695: 15691: 15685: 15669: 15665: 15661: 15654: 15639: 15633: 15618: 15612: 15596: 15592: 15586: 15579: 15575: 15572: 15567: 15551: 15545: 15528: 15524: 15518: 15502: 15498: 15491: 15475: 15468: 15453: 15449: 15442: 15426: 15422: 15415: 15408: 15404: 15401: 15396: 15388: 15382: 15378: 15371: 15370: 15362: 15346: 15342: 15338: 15332: 15330: 15322: 15318: 15305: 15304: 15299: 15292: 15276: 15272: 15266: 15264: 15255: 15248: 15232: 15228: 15221: 15213: 15207: 15202: 15201: 15192: 15176: 15172: 15168: 15164: 15158: 15151: 15147: 15143: 15137: 15121: 15117: 15116:Duke Magazine 15113: 15106: 15104: 15087: 15083: 15079: 15078:"Marsh Arabs" 15073: 15071: 15062: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15044: 15040: 15036: 15032: 15028: 15024: 15020: 15013: 15005: 15001: 14997: 14996: 14991: 14987: 14981: 14962: 14958: 14957: 14949: 14942: 14926: 14922: 14918: 14912: 14896: 14892: 14888: 14881: 14873: 14866: 14859: 14855: 14852: 14846: 14830: 14826: 14820: 14818: 14809: 14805: 14804: 14799: 14793: 14787:by Andy McNab 14786: 14782: 14777: 14761: 14755: 14739: 14735: 14729: 14722: 14716: 14700: 14694: 14675: 14671: 14667: 14666: 14658: 14654: 14648: 14641: 14635: 14626: 14620:. 5 June 2011 14619: 14615: 14611: 14608: 14602: 14594: 14590: 14586: 14580: 14572: 14571: 14566: 14560: 14552: 14548: 14544: 14540: 14536: 14532: 14525: 14509: 14505: 14498: 14496: 14494: 14485: 14478: 14463: 14459: 14453: 14445: 14438: 14436: 14428: 14424: 14420: 14417: 14411: 14409: 14407: 14405: 14397: 14392: 14384: 14380: 14373: 14357: 14353: 14347: 14339: 14335: 14328: 14313: 14306: 14299: 14291: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14263: 14259: 14255: 14251: 14247: 14240: 14232: 14231: 14226: 14220: 14205: 14199: 14183: 14179: 14178:Sunday Herald 14175: 14168: 14161: 14158: 14154: 14151: 14145: 14138: 14135: 14131: 14128: 14122: 14115: 14103:. 11 May 2022 14102: 14098: 14091: 14087: 14083: 14079: 14074: 14069: 14065: 14061: 14057: 14053: 14049: 14048: 14043: 14036: 14028: 14024: 14020: 14013: 13997: 13991: 13984: 13983:Tucker (2010) 13979: 13964: 13960: 13954: 13946: 13942: 13941: 13934: 13927: 13926:Tucker (2010) 13922: 13914: 13910: 13903: 13896: 13895:Tucker (2010) 13891: 13875: 13871: 13864: 13849: 13845: 13839: 13823: 13819: 13818:la Repubblica 13815: 13809: 13793: 13787: 13771: 13767: 13761: 13754: 13748: 13732: 13726: 13719: 13715: 13712: 13707: 13700: 13696: 13692: 13689: 13683: 13681: 13679: 13662: 13656: 13641:on 1 May 2011 13640: 13636: 13630: 13615: 13608: 13600: 13596: 13592: 13586: 13584: 13582: 13580: 13578: 13576: 13568: 13563: 13561: 13559: 13550: 13546: 13539: 13531: 13525: 13521: 13514: 13507: 13503: 13500: 13496: 13491: 13476: 13472: 13466: 13458: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13440: 13436: 13432: 13428: 13424: 13420: 13416: 13409: 13401: 13397: 13393: 13389: 13385: 13381: 13377: 13370: 13362: 13358: 13351: 13343: 13339: 13335: 13329: 13322: 13319:Robert Fisk, 13316: 13314: 13305: 13301: 13297: 13293: 13288: 13280: 13264: 13257: 13255: 13247: 13246:Tucker (2010) 13242: 13235: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13217: 13209: 13205: 13201: 13195: 13179: 13175: 13171: 13165: 13149: 13143: 13127: 13121: 13105: 13099: 13092:(in Italian). 13091: 13087: 13086:"Iraq (1990)" 13081: 13073: 13067: 13060: 13054: 13048: 13044: 13039: 13038: 13029: 13014: 13008: 12992: 12988: 12982: 12973: 12957: 12953: 12947: 12939: 12932: 12916: 12912: 12905: 12897: 12891: 12887: 12883: 12882: 12874: 12872: 12863: 12857: 12853: 12846: 12845: 12837: 12821: 12817: 12811: 12804: 12800: 12797: 12791: 12775: 12773: 12765: 12757: 12753: 12747: 12731: 12724: 12708: 12704: 12698: 12696: 12679: 12673: 12666: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12648: 12644: 12638: 12634: 12630: 12626: 12620: 12613: 12608: 12601: 12596: 12580: 12573: 12564: 12562: 12560: 12558: 12556: 12554: 12546: 12541: 12526: 12525:RCI | English 12522: 12515: 12500: 12496: 12492: 12488: 12481: 12474: 12469: 12460: 12454: 12450: 12444: 12437: 12432: 12423: 12414: 12407: 12402: 12396:, p. 19. 12395: 12390: 12388: 12380: 12375: 12373: 12371: 12369: 12361: 12356: 12349: 12344: 12337: 12332: 12326:, p. 43. 12325: 12320: 12313: 12308: 12301: 12296: 12287: 12280: 12275: 12273: 12271: 12269: 12261: 12256: 12254: 12246: 12241: 12232: 12224: 12218: 12212:, p. 74. 12211: 12206: 12198: 12192: 12183: 12167: 12163: 12157: 12155: 12145: 12136: 12130:, p. 73. 12129: 12124: 12122: 12120: 12118: 12111:, p. 66. 12110: 12105: 12096: 12087: 12079: 12072: 12065: 12063: 12061: 12053: 12048: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12034: 12029: 12027: 12019: 12014: 11998: 11992: 11976: 11969: 11962: 11957: 11950: 11945: 11937: 11931: 11924: 11919: 11912: 11907: 11901:, p. 90. 11900: 11895: 11887: 11881: 11865: 11858: 11856: 11847: 11840: 11838: 11829: 11823: 11821: 11811: 11804: 11799: 11791: 11785: 11778: 11773: 11771: 11763: 11758: 11751: 11746: 11744: 11736: 11731: 11729: 11727: 11719: 11714: 11712: 11710: 11702: 11697: 11690: 11685: 11678: 11673: 11665: 11659: 11657: 11649: 11644: 11642: 11634: 11629: 11622: 11617: 11610: 11605: 11603: 11601: 11593: 11588: 11586: 11584: 11576: 11571: 11564: 11559: 11553:, p. 99. 11552: 11547: 11545: 11538:, p. 98. 11537: 11532: 11526:, p. 96. 11525: 11520: 11514:, p. 95. 11513: 11508: 11501: 11496: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11481: 11479: 11477: 11475: 11473: 11471: 11469: 11467: 11465: 11463: 11461: 11459: 11457: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11438: 11433: 11418: 11414: 11407: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11383: 11378: 11372: 11357: 11353: 11346: 11330: 11326: 11320: 11305: 11301: 11297: 11296: 11291: 11284: 11278: 11272: 11257: 11256: 11251: 11244: 11236: 11235: 11230: 11223: 11207: 11203: 11199: 11193: 11191: 11174: 11170: 11169: 11164: 11158: 11150: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11132: 11128: 11124: 11120: 11119: 11111: 11104: 11089: 11083: 11075: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11045: 11041: 11040: 11032: 11028: 11021: 11006: 11002: 10996: 10994: 10987: 10981: 10974: 10968: 10952: 10948: 10941: 10926:on 1 May 2011 10925: 10921: 10915: 10908: 10902: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10884: 10879: 10872: 10860: 10853: 10837: 10833: 10827: 10811: 10804: 10797: 10793: 10790: 10784: 10778:, p. 32. 10777: 10776:Makiya (1993) 10772: 10765: 10764:Makiya (1993) 10760: 10754:, p. 40. 10753: 10752:Makiya (1993) 10748: 10741: 10737: 10732: 10724: 10720: 10716: 10712: 10708: 10707: 10702: 10695: 10693: 10676: 10670: 10662: 10658: 10651: 10644: 10639: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10608: 10592: 10588: 10581: 10566: 10562: 10555: 10548: 10542: 10527: 10523: 10517: 10501: 10495: 10476: 10472: 10471:apps.dtic.mil 10465: 10459: 10443: 10439: 10433: 10417: 10413: 10407: 10399: 10395: 10388: 10381: 10375: 10368: 10364: 10361: 10357: 10356: 10355:New Statesman 10350: 10348: 10341: 10337: 10334: 10328: 10320: 10316: 10312: 10306: 10298: 10286: 10282: 10281: 10274: 10259: 10255: 10249: 10233: 10229: 10223: 10217: 10214: 10209: 10202: 10199: 10195: 10192: 10189:Alan Riding, 10186: 10179: 10173: 10166: 10160: 10153: 10147: 10131: 10127: 10120: 10104: 10103: 10098: 10091: 10075: 10073: 10068: 10061: 10045: 10044: 10039: 10032: 10025: 10021: 10018: 10012: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9992: 9990: 9973: 9972: 9967: 9961: 9945: 9944: 9939: 9935: 9929: 9927: 9918: 9914: 9908: 9906: 9898: 9892: 9884: 9880: 9876: 9869: 9853: 9847: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9824: 9816: 9812: 9808: 9801: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9781: 9774: 9772: 9756: 9752: 9746: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9723: 9721: 9701: 9697: 9690: 9684: 9678:, p. 29. 9677: 9676:Finlan (2003) 9672: 9670: 9650: 9646: 9639: 9633: 9625: 9624: 9619: 9612: 9610: 9590: 9586: 9579: 9573: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9534: 9515: 9511: 9504: 9498: 9490: 9486: 9480: 9472: 9468: 9462: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9431: 9415: 9411: 9404: 9396: 9390: 9386: 9382: 9378: 9371: 9365:, p. 25. 9364: 9363:Finlan (2003) 9359: 9343: 9337: 9335: 9315: 9311: 9304: 9297: 9291:, p. 26. 9290: 9289:Finlan (2003) 9285: 9283: 9266: 9262: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9243: 9239: 9232: 9225: 9222: 9218: 9215: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9197: 9193: 9187: 9180: 9179:Finlan (2003) 9175: 9173: 9165: 9162: 9158: 9155: 9149: 9142: 9139: 9135: 9132: 9126: 9119: 9118:Simons (2004) 9114: 9112: 9104: 9103:Simons (2004) 9099: 9092: 9091:Simons (2004) 9087: 9080: 9079:Simons (2004) 9075: 9068: 9067:Simons (2004) 9063: 9056: 9055:Simons (2004) 9051: 9049: 9041: 9036: 9035: 9030: 9023: 9016: 9010: 9003: 9002:Simons (2004) 8998: 8996: 8988: 8987:Simons (2004) 8983: 8977:, 7 June 1989 8976: 8970: 8963: 8962:Simons (2004) 8958: 8956: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8921: 8913: 8909: 8904: 8897: 8890: 8889:Simons (2004) 8885: 8883: 8875: 8874:Simons (2004) 8870: 8862: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8834: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8803: 8795: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8767: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8710: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8678: 8670: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8642: 8627: 8621: 8606: 8605:www.canada.ca 8602: 8595: 8588: 8583: 8575: 8569: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8547: 8543: 8536: 8525: 8519: 8512: 8508: 8505: 8500: 8484: 8480: 8473: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8443: 8427: 8421: 8415: 8414: 8409: 8405: 8402: 8397: 8395: 8378: 8372: 8356: 8352: 8346: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8312: 8311: 8306: 8300: 8285: 8284: 8279: 8273: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8245: 8228: 8224: 8218: 8214: 8213: 8205: 8203: 8187: 8183: 8177: 8170: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8143: 8139: 8136: 8131: 8123: 8119: 8116: 8111: 8095: 8091: 8085: 8076: 8060: 8056: 8049: 8042: 8036: 8029: 8023: 8014: 8007: 8001: 7993: 7986: 7977: 7969: 7965: 7959: 7957: 7948: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7921: 7919: 7912: 7908: 7905: 7902: 7897: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7881: 7874: 7855: 7851: 7850:apps.dtic.mil 7844: 7838: 7836: 7834: 7829: 7816: 7810: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7786:Iran–Iraq War 7781: 7774: 7768: 7764: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7697: 7695: 7694: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7676: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7652: 7641: 7639: 7633: 7629: 7627: 7623: 7620: 7616: 7607: 7598: 7596: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7575: 7571: 7569: 7568:daisy cutters 7565: 7564:cluster bombs 7560: 7557: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7541: 7535: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7504: 7500: 7494: 7492: 7487: 7485: 7481: 7480: 7479:Annex Foxtrot 7475: 7464: 7461: 7453: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7431: 7424: 7415: 7414: 7410: 7400: 7398: 7394: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7357: 7348: 7345: 7340: 7337: 7328: 7323: 7317: 7307: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7283: 7273: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7254: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7214:Qurna Marshes 7209: 7199: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7183: 7179: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7103:Rhonda Cornum 7099: 7095: 7091: 7080: 7078: 7072: 7067: 7065: 7059: 7054: 7052: 7042: 7040: 7035: 7033: 7029: 7024: 7021: 7017: 7011: 7001: 6998: 6994: 6985: 6984: 6978: 6975: 6970: 6962: 6957: 6947: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6933: 6930: 6925: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6898: 6894: 6892: 6887: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6859: 6854: 6844: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6796: 6794: 6793:Riegle Report 6788: 6786: 6780: 6769: 6759: 6757: 6749:Friendly fire 6746: 6742: 6739: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6720: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6702: 6697: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6629: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6555: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6530: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6505: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6427: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6373:United States 6363: 6359: 6354: 6351: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6328: 6326: 6322: 6319:According to 6317: 6314: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6290: 6288: 6283: 6279: 6274: 6268: 6265: 6260: 6258: 6253: 6249: 6247: 6246:human shields 6243: 6239: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6207: 6203: 6189: 6187: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6166: 6162: 6160: 6155: 6153: 6147: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6119: 6114: 6104: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6058: 6056: 6052: 6043: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6019: 6017: 6013: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5986: 5982: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5934: 5932: 5927: 5923: 5921: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5899: 5898: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5872: 5870: 5866: 5861: 5857: 5852: 5848: 5847:hospital ship 5844: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5819: 5811: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5789: 5786: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5759: 5752: 5750: 5749:Mahmoud Abbas 5746: 5741: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5682: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5591: 5587: 5584: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5568: 5563: 5555: 5550: 5541: 5539: 5536:policy, they 5535: 5524: 5520: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5493: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5446: 5444: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5421:(203mm), and 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5372:and took 300 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5315:M109 howitzer 5312: 5309:tank and the 5308: 5299: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5197: 5188: 5184: 5182: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5153: 5148: 5147:Wadi al-Batin 5139: 5134: 5130: 5128: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5109: 5106: 5102: 5095: 5089: 5081: 5076: 5067: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5009: 4999: 4995: 4992: 4988: 4987:friendly fire 4983: 4981: 4977: 4968: 4958: 4955: 4947: 4944:December 2018 4936: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4905: – 4904: 4900: 4899:Find sources: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4877:This section 4875: 4871: 4866: 4865: 4861: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4834: 4829: 4827: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4807: 4790: 4779: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4716: 4711: 4707: 4697: 4695: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4676: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4651:Early battles 4648: 4646: 4641: 4639: 4638:Salvador Dalí 4635: 4630: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4553:(left), Gen. 4552: 4547: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4489: 4486:considerable 4478: 4474: 4472: 4467: 4464: 4459: 4457: 4454:. A group of 4453: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4390: 4385: 4381: 4378: 4368: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4349: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4272: 4268: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4222: 4216: 4211: 4204: 4201: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4179:Yasser Arafat 4176: 4167: 4162: 4158: 4156: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4098:On 6 August, 4096: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4077: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4036:Ronald Reagan 4021: 4017: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3945:Kuwait's Emir 3942: 3939:. The Iraqis 3938: 3934: 3929: 3927: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3871: 3864: 3860: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3802:April Glaspie 3798: 3795: 3792: 3787: 3785: 3784:Hosni Mubarak 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3757:Map of Kuwait 3755: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3734:Farzad Bazoft 3729: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3522: 3519:(Italian for 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3437: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3407:War of Kuwait 3403: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3367:Iran–Iraq War 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Gore 22516: 22476: 22454:War on drugs 22328:Mid Cold War 22180:Pearl Harbor 22175:World War II 21995:Ku Klux Klan 21592:Dummer's War 21531: 21524: 21518:Pre-Colonial 21270:Christianity 21152:Demographics 21086:Oil reserves 21081:Oil Industry 21048:Central Bank 20944:Human rights 20870:Constitution 20815:Tigris river 20795:Persian Gulf 20632: 20503:Ottoman Iraq 20488:Qara Qoyunlu 20322:Ubaid period 20231: 20218: 20211: 20204: 20197: 20074: 20067: 20060: 20053: 19975: 19964:U.S. support 19889: 19880: 19541: 19481:Chicken Kiev 19288:Inauguration 19220: 19050: 19011:World War II 18805:Hamburg riot 18674: 18661: 18654: 18647: 18621: 18620: 18608: 18601: 18582: 18574: 18573: 18564: 18557: 18512: 18495: 18488: 18456: 18429: 18428: 18378: 18361: 18291: 18231: 18199: 18175: 18069: 18055: 18013:World War II 18011: 17847: 17791: 17687: 17639: 17568:Air campaign 17528:Medina Ridge 17370:Participants 17344: 17171: 17162: 17159:(by Felix G) 17156: 17150: 17140: 17127: 17118: 17105: 17099: 17080: 17063: 17050: 17025: 17019:The Punisher 17017: 17004: 16995: 16987: 16979: 16971: 16963: 16955: 16947: 16939: 16931: 16923: 16907: 16884:. 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Hrw.org. 12504:26 February 12235:Dunstan P.8 12003:20 November 11870:20 November 11356:www.gao.gov 11050:: 293–296. 10502:. CNN. 2001 10484:18 December 10422:15 December 10015:BBC News. " 9196:cbsnews.com 8926:Cooper, Tom 8693:. pp. 8631:21 November 8610:21 November 8186:www.pbs.org 7863:18 December 7686:. The 2016 7619:Soviet Army 7549:battleships 7491:Bob Simpson 7484:Ken Jarecke 7474:Vietnam War 7270:Marsh Arabs 7098:John Peters 7094:John Nichol 7032:citizenship 6886:heavy metal 6883:teratogenic 6841:confounding 6791:called the 6703:'s remains. 6206:Iraqi Kurds 6081:Tornado IDS 5734:coup d'état 5653:Al Busayyah 5574:5th Cavalry 5508:M1A1 Abrams 5453:tanks, 284 5397:operations. 5307:M1A1 Abrams 4589:US Congress 4492:Dick Cheney 4422:. Although 4396:Hafez Assad 4188:James Baker 4048:Oval Office 4014: [ 3870:Kuwait City 3772:Arab League 3587:Palestinian 3185:, and the " 3126:led by the 2596:Pan-Arabism 2558:2002– 2545:1970– 2532:1966– 2025:Salah Jadid 1972:1966– 1928:Arab Ba'ath 1830:Al Busayyah 1374:5,500 tanks 1365:3,113 tanks 1175:Prince Badr 923:Dick Cheney 804:South Korea 700:Philippines 635:New Zealand 622:Netherlands 256:Territorial 27022:Categories 26890:2011 Games 26170:Historians 26161:Space Race 26062:Rudé právo 26016:Propaganda 25872:Neo-Nazism 25842:Chauvinism 25796:Trotskyism 25711:Monetarism 25679:Liberalism 25671:Capitalism 25663:Ideologies 25614:Ostpolitik 25337:Solidarity 25302:Toyota War 25205:Solidarity 25062:Operation 25017:Ogaden War 24706:Dhofar War 24594:Shifta War 24352:Operation 24200:Korean War 23992:Operation 23984:Operation 23976:Operation 23953:Operation 23933:Operation 23925:Operation 23591:Washington 23511:New Mexico 23506:New Jersey 23381:California 22876:Journalism 22828:Corruption 22807:Government 22758:Demography 22745:Newspapers 22594:Sandy Hook 22497:Waco siege 22405:Reagan era 22311:Space Race 22244:Korean War 22185:home front 22017:Gilded Age 21985:Amendments 21343:Television 21323:Literature 21285:Irreligion 21260:Secularism 21197:Minorities 21065:(currency) 21058:Corruption 20903:Government 20694:Insurgency 20493:Aq Qoyunlu 20314:Chronology 20213:South Park 20091:Propaganda 19281:Transition 19204:War crimes 19071:Kosovo War 19016:Korean War 18996:Border War 18855:Bonus Army 18850:Tulsa riot 18840:Red Summer 18760:Mormon War 17686:Operation 17638:Operation 17533:2nd Kuwait 17518:73 Easting 17513:67 Easting 17391:Background 17122:dime novel 17068:Andy McNab 16866:4 December 16844:4 December 16763:4 December 16583:4 December 16547:4 December 16467:4 December 16438:4 December 16391:4 December 16369:. 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