Erasmus - Knowledge

6574: 7483: 7429: 8639:"He was a reformer in the best sense, as so many far-seeing and spiritual-minded churchmen of those days were. He desired to better and beautify and perfect the system he found in vogue, and he had the courage of his convictions to point out what he thought stood in need of change and improvement, but he was no iconoclast; he had no desire to pull down or root up or destroy under the plea of improvement. That he remained to the last the friend of Popes and bishops and other orthodox churchmen, is the best evidence, over and above his own words, that his real sentiments were not misunderstood by men who had the interests of the Church at heart, and who looked upon him as true and loyal, if perhaps a somewhat eccentric and caustic son of Holy Church. Even in his last sickness he received from the Pope proof of his esteem, for he was given a benefice of considerable value." 3838: 7291: 4112:, frequently draw connections between many of Erasmus' convictions and his early biography: esteem for the married state and appropriate marriages, support for priestly marriage, concern for improving marriage prospects for females, opposition to inconsiderate rules notably institutional dietary rules, a desire to make education engaging for the participants, interest in classical languages, horror of poverty and spiritual hopelessness, distaste for friars begging when they could study or work, unwillingness to be under the direct control of authorities, laicism, the need for those in authority to act in the best interest of their charges, a prizing of mercy and peace, an anger over unnecessary war especially between avaricious princes, an awareness of mortality, etc. 7411: 7372: 1024: 6136: 4773: 3448: 6441: 5924: 4605:(1530), as the "reckless and extravagant" Pope Leo X had in previous decades promoted going on the offensive with a new crusade. Erasmus re-worked Luther's rhetoric that the invading Turks represent God's judgment of decadent Christendom, but without Luther's fatalism: Erasmus not only accused Western leaders of kingdom-threatening hypocrisy, he proposed a remedy: anti-expansionist moral reforms by Europe's disunited leaders as a necessary unitive political step before any aggressive warfare against the Ottoman threat, reforms which might themselves, if sincere, prevent both the internecine and foreign warfare. 3144: 8456:, the leading Thomist of his age, who had become a friendly correspondent of Erasmus and had moved to bibliocentrism, progressively producing his own commentaries on the New Testament and most of the Old. Erasmus was initially sceptical of Cajetan, blaming him for taking a too-hard line against Luther, however he was won over in 1521 after reading Cajetan's works on the Eucharist, Confession and invocation of the saints. In 1530, Cajetan proposed that concessions be made to Germany to allow communion under both kinds and married clergy, in full sympathy with Erasmus' spirit of mediation. 3352: 4013: 7856:

as "an order midway between monks and (secular priests) amphibians, like the beaver and the crocodile". Also "for the so-called Canons formerly were not monks, and now they are an intermediate class: monks where it is an advantage to be so; not monks where it is not". The kind of world-involved, devout, scholarly, loyal, humanistic, non-monkish, non-mendicant, non-ceremonial, voluntaristic religious order without notions of spiritual perfection that may have suited Erasmus better arose soon after his death, perhaps in response to the ethos Erasmus shared: notably the

2873: 3067: 7512:, the Archbishop of Canterbury. (Writing in a letter to Warham regarding the gift portrait, Erasmus quipped that "he might have something of Erasmus should God call him from this place.") Erasmus spoke favourably of Holbein as an artist and person but was later critical, accusing him of sponging off various patrons whom Erasmus had recommended, for purposes more of monetary gain than artistic endeavor. There were scores of copies of these portraits made in Erasmus' time. Holbein's 1532 profile woodcut was particularly lauded by those who knew Erasmus. 4457: 7467: 9264:"I have never broken off a friendship with anyone because he was either more inclined towards Luther or more against Luther than I was. My disposition is naturally such that I could love even a Jew, provided he were in other respects an agreeable person to live with and friendly, and provided he did not vomit blasphemies against Christ in my hearing. And this courteous approach can, I believe, do more towards ending strifethe ties of friendship I do not readily abandon to please anyone." Letter to John Botzheim, quoted in 1153:), with a fellow canon, Servatius Rogerus, and wrote a series of love letters in which he called Rogerus "half my soul", writing that "it was not for the sake of reward or out of a desire for any favour that I have wooed you both unhappily and relentlessly. What is it then? Why, that you love him who loves you." This correspondence contrasts with the generally detached and much more restrained attitude he usually showed in his later life, though he had a capacity to form and maintain deep male friendships, such as with 938: 6872:

Christology of Erasmus is the affirmation of the full incarnation of Christ in human existence, abstaining as much as possible from docetic insulation of the divine from the struggles of human experience, in order to highlight the redemptive capacity of Christ for the transformation of human life. With that, the ethical capstone of Erasmus’ reflections on Christ centers on the responsibility to imitate Christ’s love for others, and thus for advancing the cause of peace in personal and social life.

3571: 4740: 25169: 9115:"I do not deny that I wrote some harsh things in order to deter the Christians from the madness of war, because I saw that these wars,which we witnessed for too many years, are the source of the biggest part of evils which damage Christendom. Therefore, it was necessary to come forward not only against these deeds, which are clearly criminal, but also against other actions, which are almost impossible to do without committing many crimes." Apology against Albert Pío 25175: 4765: 23674: 21425: 21154: 1961: 8742:'. After the payment of all outstanding claims, the sum in the hands of Bonifacius and the two Basel executors amounted to 5,000 florins. This sum was invested in a loan to the duchy of Württemberg that yielded an annual income of 250 florins. The greater part of this sum became a fund to provide scholarships for students at the University of Basel (in theology, law, and medicine); the rest went into a fund devoted to the assistance of the poor." In 7175: 23664: 10154:"I find that in comparison with the Fathers of the Church our present-day theologians are a pathetic group. Most of them lack the elegance, the charm of language, and the style of the Fathers. Content with Aristotle, they treat the mysteries of revelation in the tangled fashion of the logician. Excluding the Platonists from their commentaries, they strangle the beauty of revelation." 2326: 2264: 2216: 1940: 21348: 1089: 4781: 25181: 2074: 1667: 27251: 25838: 21178: 21166: 5773: 2340: 2333: 2271: 2257: 2243: 2045: 1866: 1816: 1807: 1770: 2423: 2288: 2174: 2118: 2110: 2067: 1750: 1714: 1614: 68: 21088: 2401: 2250: 2188: 2181: 2150: 2142: 2133: 2088: 2031: 1975: 1875: 1845: 1721: 1634: 8212:"We ﬁnd in the New Testament that fasting was observed by Christians and praised by the apostles, but I do not remember reading that it was prescribed with certain rites. These things are not mentioned so that any ceremonies that the church has instituted concerning clothing, fasting or similar matters should be despised, but to show that Christ and his apostles were more concerned with things pertaining to salvation." 3827: 3669: 2394: 2364: 2319: 2312: 2280: 2223: 2126: 2081: 2038: 1968: 1954: 1947: 1919: 1883: 1859: 1852: 1824: 1800: 1777: 1743: 1674: 1660: 1012:. For the first time in Europe north of the Alps, Greek was taught at a lower level than a university and this is where he began learning it. His education there ended when plague struck the city about 1483, and his mother, who had moved to provide a home for her sons, died from the infection; then his father. Following the death of his parents, as well as 20 fellow students at his school, he moved back to his 2860:, Duke of Burgundy and later King of Castille: the first half being the conventional extravagant praise, but the second half being a strong treatment of the miseries of war, the need for neutrality and concilliation (with the neighbours France and England), and the excellence of peaceful rulers: that real courage in a leader was not to wage war but to put a bridle on greed, etc. This was later published as 2371: 2209: 2024: 2003: 1996: 1912: 1905: 1694: 1641: 4629: 25850: 5785: 3633:

production team, he had his own householdwith a formidable housekeeper, stable of horses, and up to eight boarders or paid servants: who acted as assistants, correctors, amanuenses, dining companions, international couriers, and carers. It was his habit to sit at times by a ground-floor window, to make it easier to see and be seen by strolling humanists for chatting.

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Sentimental friendships were as much in vogue in secular circles during the fifteenth century as towards the end of the eighteenth century. Each court had its pairs of friends, who dressed alike, and shared room, bed, and heart. Nor was this cult of fervent friendship restricted to the sphere of aristocratic life. It was among the specific characteristics of the

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endure or turn to the good; they have not the use of oaths, since they neither distrust nor deceive anyone; they know not the hunger for money, since their treasure is in heaven, nor do they itch for empty glory, since they refer all things to the glory of Christ.…these are the new teachings of our founder, such as no school of philosophy has ever brought forth.

5998:, but few had interfered with his activities. He believed that his work so far had commended itself to the best minds and also to the dominant powers in the religious world. Erasmus chose to write in Latin (and Greek), the languages of scholars. He did not build a large body of supporters in the unlettered; his critiques reached a small but elite audience. 4453:. Concord demanded unity and assent: Erasmus was anti-sectarian as well as non-sectarian. To follow the law of love, our intellects must be humble and friendly when making any assertions: he called contention "earthly, beastly, demonic" and a good-enough reason to reject a teacher or their followers. In Melanchthon's view, Erasmus taught charity not faith. 6159:

forbade his publisher Froben from handling the works of Luther and tried to keep the reform movement focused on institutional rather than theological issues, yet he also privately wrote to authorities to prevent Luther's persecution. In the words of one historian, "at this earlier period he was more concerned with the fate of Luther than his theology."

5867: 4483:, Erasmus lobbied diplomatically for toleration: "If the sects could be tolerated under certain conditions (as the Bohemians pretend), it would, I admit, be a grievous misfortune, but one more endurable than war." But the same dedication to avoiding conflict and bloodshed should be shown by those tempted to join (anti-popist) sects: 9441:"The Jews" (i.e. the earliest Jewish Christians in Antioch) "because of a certain human tendency, desire(d) to force their own rites upon everyone, clearly in order under this pretext to enhance their own importance. For each one wishes that the things which he himself has taught should appear as outstanding." Erasmus, 4178:, Erasmus metonymizes that we should "kill the Turk, not the man.If we really want to heave the Turks from our necks, we must first expel from our hearts a more loathsome race of Turks: avarice, ambition, the craving for power, self-satisfaction, impiety, extravagance, the love of pleasure, deceitfulness, anger, hatred, envy." 7063:

vast number of Latin and Greek publications included translations, paraphrases, letters, textbooks, plays for schoolboys, commentary, poems, liturgies, satires, sermons, and prayers. A large number of his later works were defences of his earlier work from attacks by Catholic and Protestant theological and literary opponents.

10557:"Erasmus is so thoroughly, radically Christ-centered in his understanding of both Christian faith and practice that if we overlook or downplay this key aspect of his character and vision, we not only do him a grave disservice but we almost completely misunderstand him." 4718:, were intrigued by Jewish mysticism, Erasmus came to dislike it: "I see them as a nation full of most tedious fabrications, who spread a kind of fog over everything, Talmud, Cabbala, Tetragrammaton, Gates of Light, words, words, words. I would rather have Christ mixed up with Scotus than with that rubbish of theirs." 3735: 4677:(written against efforts in the local synagogue to re-convert Christians) —which go further than deprecating re-judaizing tendencies within Christianity but set the pattern for later Christian antisemitism by portraying Jews as collectively the murderers of Christ— and by several miscellaneous comments by Erasmus. 6120:), justification by imputation, grace as favour or clemency, faith as hoping trust, human transformation over reformation, congregation over church, mystery over sacrament, etc. In Erasmus' view, they went too far, downplayed Sacred Tradition such as Patristic interpretations, and irresponsibly fomented bloodshed. 6792:, Erasmus wrote that the orator, preacher or teacher must "adapt their discourse to the characteristics of their audience"; this made pastoral care the "art of arts". Erasmus wrote that most of his original works, from satires to paraphrases, were essentially the same themes packaged for different audiences. 10045:, summarized as: "Aristotle was spiritually deficient, because although he could define virtue, his words lacked the power to motivate men to lead virtuous lives. It was not possible to know God adequately in this life, but it was possible to love him, which made virtue far more important than knowledge." 9106:"Desiderius Erasmus, Thomas More and John Coletbetween them in the first three decades of the sixteenth century, ushered in not only humanism – an ethically sanctioned guide for practical, humanitarian ways of living in society – but also the formation of a group that might be called a ‘peace movement’." 3101:). From Aldus he learned the in-person workflow that made him productive at Froben: making last-minute changes, and immediately checking and correcting printed page proofs as soon as the ink had dried. Aldus wrote that Erasmus could do twice as much work in a given time as any other man he had ever met. 9463:

According to historian Thomas Tentler, few Christians from his century gave as much emphasis as Erasmus to a pious attitude to death: the terrors of death are "closely connected to guilt from sin and fear of punishment" the antidote to which is first "trust in Christ and His ability to forgive sins",

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According to historian Jan van Herwaarden, it is consistent with Erasmus' view that outward signs were not important; what mattered is the believer's direct relationship with God. However, van Herwaarden states that "he did not dismiss the rites and sacraments out of hand but asserted a dying person

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In a few hours, they cleansed churches of idolatry by smashing statues, rood-screens, lights, altar paintings – everything they could lay their hands on, including Hans Holbein the Younger’s work. the hang-man lit nine ﬁres in front of the Minster It was, lamented, as though these objects ‘had been

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This is a non-mendicant order of clerics which followed the looser Rule of St Augustine, who do not withdraw from the world, and who take a vow of Stability binding them to a House in addition to the usual Poverty (common life, simplicity), Chastity and Obedience. Erasmus described the Canons Regular

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Erasmus was the most popular, most printed and arguably most influential author of the early sixteenth century, read in all nations in the West and frequently translated. By the 1530s, his writings accounted for 10-20% of book sales in Europe. "Undoubtedly he was the most read author of his age." His

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Luther hoped for his cooperation in a work which seemed only the natural outcome of Erasmus' own, and spoke with admiration of Erasmus's superior learning. In their early correspondence, Luther expressed boundless admiration for all Erasmus had done in the cause of a sound and reasonable Christianity

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Noting Luther's criticisms of corruption in the Church, Erasmus described Luther to Pope Leo X as "a mighty trumpet of gospel truth" while agreeing, "It is clear that many of the reforms for which Luther calls" (e.g., the sale of indulgences) "are urgently needed." However, behind the scenes Erasmus

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Alastor: "Because they get more by those that die, than those that live. There are last Wills and Testaments, Funeral Obsequies, Bulls, and a great many other Articles of no despicable Profit. And in the last Place, they had rather live in a Camp, than in their Cells. War breeds a great many Bishops,

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Alastor, an evil spirit: "They are a certain Sort of Animals in black and white Vestments, Ash-colour'd Coats, and various other Dresses, that are always hovering about the Courts of Princes, and are continually instilling into their Ears the Love of War, and exhorting the Nobility and common People

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Erasmus was extremely critical of the warlike way of important European princes of his era, including some princes of the church. He described these princes as corrupt and greedy. Erasmus believed that these princes "collude in a game, of which the outcome is to exhaust and oppress the commonwealth".

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After his glorious reception in Italy, Erasmus had returned broke and jobless, with strained relations with former friends and benefactors on the continent, and he regretted leaving Italy, despite being horrified by papal warfare. There is a gap in his usually voluminous correspondence: his so-called

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of St. Augustine there in late 1488 at age 19 (or 22). Historian Fr. Aiden Gasquet later wrote: "One thing, however, would seem to be quite clear; he could never have had any vocation for the religious life. His whole subsequent history shows this unmistakably." According to one Catholic biographer,

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Erasmus was given the highest education available to a young man of his day, in a series of monastic or semi-monastic schools. In 1476, at the age of 6 (or 9), his family moved to Gouda and he started at the school of Pieter Winckel, who later became his guardian (and, perhaps, squandered Erasmus and

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was to warn Christians and the Church of moral deterioration and to exhort them to change their ways.... Erasmus’ objection to crusades was by no means an overall opposition to fighting the Turks. Rather, Erasmus harshly condemned embezzlement and corrupt fundraising, and the Church's involvement in

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about Warham: "I wrote this in sorrow and grief, my mind totally devastated… We had made a vow to die together; he had promised a common grave…I am held back here half-alive, still owing the debt from the vow I had made, which …I will soon pay. …Instead, even time, which is supposed to cure even the

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Even in good times, Erasmus had a "frequent inability to understand the details of his own finances" which caused him disappointment and suspicion. His finances as late as 1530 have been described as "bewilderingly complicated" with multiple small income sources being managed with varying degrees of

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the “ceremonies” Erasmus criticizes are not the liturgical rites of the Church, but the special devotions and prescriptions added to them, particularly those related to food and clothing, which became binding in particular religious orders and more generally, under threat of excommunication and even

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This was his entry to the European network of Latin secretaries, who were usually humanists, and so to their career path: a promising secretary could be appointed tutor to some aristocratic boy, when that boy reached power they were frequent kept on as a trusted counselor, and finally moved over to

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Erasmus has a problematic standing in the history of philosophy: whether he should be called a philosopher at all, (as, indeed, some question whether he should be considered a theologian either.) Erasmus deemed himself to be a rhetorician or grammarian rather than a philosopher. He was particularly

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I know nothing of your church; at the very least it contains people who will, I fear, overturn the whole system and drive the princes into using force to restrain good men and bad alike. The gospel, the word of God, faith, Christ, and Holy Spirit – these words are always on their lips; look at their

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On the subject of slavery, Erasmus characteristically treated it in passing under the topic of tyranny: Christians were not allowed to be tyrants, which slave-owning required, but especially not to be the masters of other Christians. Erasmus had various other piecemeal arguments against slavery: for

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From 1500, he avoided returning to the canonry at Stein even insisting the diet and hours would kill him, though he did stay with other Augustinian communities and at monasteries of other orders in his travels. Rogerus, who became prior at Stein in 1504, and Erasmus corresponded over the years, with

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was along the lines that his parents were engaged, with the formal marriage blocked by his relatives (presumably a young widow or unmarried mother with a child was not an advantageous match); his father went to Italy to study Latin and Greek, and the relatives misled Gerard that Margaretha had died,

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Historical theologian Carl Meyer writes "Because the Scriptures are the genuine oracles of God, welling forth from the deepest recesses of the divine mind, Erasmus said they should be approached with reverence. Humility and veneration are needed to find the secret chambers of eternal wisdom. "Stoop

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of 1526 and a preliminary charcoal sketch. Concerning the former Erasmus was unimpressed, declaring it an unfavorable likeness of him, perhaps because around 1525 he was suffering severely from kidney stones. Nevertheless, Erasmus and Dürer maintained a close friendship, with Dürer going so far as

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Thus indeed have writers religiously vied to proclaim you, on the one hand inspired prophets, on the other eloquent Doctors of the church, both filled with the same spirit, as the former foretold your coming in joyful oracles before your birth and the latter heaped prayerful praise on you when you

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Yet these ancient fathers were they who confuted both the Jews and Heathens ; they confuted them (I say), yet by their lives and miracles, rather than by words and syllogisms; and the persons they thus proselyted were downright honest, well meaning people, such as understood plain sense better than

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A common accusation, supposedly started by antagonistic monk-theologians, made Erasmus responsible for Martin Luther and the Reformation: "Erasmus laid the egg, and Luther hatched it." Erasmus wittily dismissed the charge, claiming that Luther had "hatched a different bird entirely". Erasmus-reader

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We are dealing with this: Would a stable mind depart from the opinion handed down by so many men famous for holiness and miracles, depart from the decisions of the Church, and commit our souls to the faith of someone like you who has sprung up just now with a few followers, although the leading men

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He was scandalized by superstitions, such as that if you were buried in a Franciscan habit you would go direct to heaven. crime and child novices. He advocated various reforms, including a ban on taking orders until the 30th year, the closure of corrupt and smaller monasteries, respect for bishops,

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In theologian Louis Bouyer's interpretation, Erasmus' agenda was "to reform the Church from within by a renewal of biblical theology, based on philological study of the New Testament text, and supported by a knowledge of patristics, itself renewed by the same methods. The final object of it all was

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By and large, the miraculous real change that interested Erasmus the author more than that of the bread is the transformation in the humble partaker. Erasmus wrote several notable pastoral books or pamphlets on sacraments, always looking through rather than at the rituals or forms: on marriage and

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of Jesus, Paul, and the early church: "If only the Christian church did not attach so much importance to the Old Testament!" Erasmus' pervasive anti-ceremonialism treated the early Church debates on circumcision, food and special days as manifestations of a cultural chauvinism by the initial Jewish

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as historian John Bossy (as summarized by Eamon Duffy) puts it: "medieval Christianity had been fundamentally concerned with the creation and maintenance of peace in a violent world. “Christianity” in medieval Europe denoted neither an ideology nor an institution, but a community of believers whose

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Christ the heavenly teacher has founded a new people on earth,…Having eyes without guile, these folk know no spite or envy; having freely castrated themselves, and aiming at a life of angels while in the flesh, they know no unchaste lust; they know not divorce, since there is no evil they will not

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According to historian Christopher Ocker, the early reformers "needed tools that let their theological distinctions pose as commonplaces in a textual theology; Erasmus provided the tools" but this tendentious distinction-making, reminiscent of the recent excesses of Scholasticism to Erasmus' eyes,

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You declaim bitterly against the luxury of priests, the ambition of bishops, the tyranny of the Roman Pontiff, and the babbling of the sophists; against our prayers, fasts, and Masses; and you are not content to retrench the abuses that may be in these things, but must needs abolish them entirely.

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By 1523, and first suggested in a letter from Henry VIII, Erasmus had been convinced that Luther's ideas on necessity/free will were a subject of core disagreement deserving a public airing, and strategized with friends and correspondents on how to respond with proper moderation without making the

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were later treated by Protestants as objective reports of near-universal corruption. Furthermore, "what is said over a glass of wine, ought not to be remembered and written down as a serious statement of belief," such as his proposal to marry all monks to all nuns or to send them all away to fight

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Many of his works contain diatribes against supposed monastic corruption and careerism, and particularly against the mendicant friars (Franciscans and Dominicans): these orders also typically ran the university Scholastic theology programs from whose ranks came his most dangerous enemies. The more

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with almost a sole focus on Europe. In 1516, Erasmus wrote "it is the part of a Christian prince to regard no one as an outsider unless he is a nonbeliever, and even on them he should inflict no harm", which entails not attacking outsiders, not taking their riches, not subjecting them to political

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insurrections in Germany and in the Low Countries, iconoclasm, and the radicalisation of peasants across Europe. If these were the outcomes of reform, Erasmus was thankful that he had kept out of it. Yet he was ever more bitterly accused of having started the whole "tragedy" (as Erasmus dubbed the

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but resented the harsh rules and strict methods of the religious brothers and educators. The two brothers made an agreement that they would resist the clergy but attend the university; Erasmus longed to study in Italy, the birthplace of Latin, and have a degree from an Italian university. Instead,

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in 1483. His only sibling Peter might have been born in 1463, and some writers suggest Margaret was a widow and Peter was the half-brother of Erasmus; Erasmus on the other hand called him his brother. There were legal and social restrictions on the careers and opportunities open to the children of

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Similarly, John Monfasani reminds us that Erasmus never claimed to be a philosopher, was not trained as a philosopher, and wrote no explicit works of philosophy, although he repeatedly engaged in controversies that crossed the boundary from philosophy to theology. His relation to philosophy bears

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In Huizinga's view: "Out of the letters to Servatius there rises the picture of an Erasmus whom we shall never find again—a young man of more than feminine sensitiveness; of a languishing need for sentimental friendship. This exuberant friendship accords quite well with the times and the person.

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painted him at least three times and perhaps as many as seven, some of the Holbein portraits of Erasmus surviving only in copies by other artists. Holbein's three profile portraits – two (nearly identical) profile portraits and one three-quarters-view portrait – were all painted in the same year,

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He often set himself the challenge of formulating positive, moderate, non-superstitious versions of contemporary Catholic practices that might be more acceptable both to scandalized Catholics and Protestants of good will: the better attitudes to the sacraments, saints, Mary, indulgences, statues,

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Look around on this 'Evangelical' generation, and observe whether amongst them less indulgence is given to luxury, lust, or avarice, than amongst those whom you so detest. Show me any one person who by that Gospel has been reclaimed from drunkenness to sobriety, from fury and passion to meekness,

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to which both the Bishop of Augsburg and the Papal legate Campeggio had invited him, and he expressed doubt on non-theological grounds, to Campeggio and Melanchthon, that reconciliation was then possible: he wrote to Campeggio "I can discern no way out of this enormous tragedy unless God suddenly

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is governed by three favorite themes that recur in other works of Erasmus. First, war is naturally wrongSecond, Christianity forbids warThird, “just cause” in war will be claimed by both sides and will be next to impossible to determine fairly: hence, the traditional criteria of the just war are

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A Sceptic is not someone who doesn't care to know what is true or false…but rather someone who does not make a final decision easily or fight to the death for his own opinion, but rather accepts as probable what someone else accepts as certain…I explicitly exclude from Scepticism whatever is set

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In 1521 he settled in Basel. He was weary of the controversies and hostility at Louvain, and feared being dragged further into the Lutheran controversy. He agreed to be the Froben press' literary superintendent writing dedications and prefaces for an annuity and profit share. Apart from Froben's

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in boxes that accompanied him. When assembling a new book, he would go through the topics and cross out commonplace notes as he used them. This catalog of research notes allowed him to rapidly create books, though woven from the same topics. Towards the end of his life, as he lost dexterity, he

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For example, "peacemaking" is a possible topic in any Christian theology; but for Erasmus, from the Beatitude, it must be a starting-, reference- and ending-point when discussing all other theological notions, such as church authority, the Trinity, etc. Moreover, Christian theology must only be

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Since the Gospels become in effect like sacraments, for Erasmus reading them becomes a form of prayer which is spoiled by taking single sentences in isolation and using them as syllogisms. Instead, learning to understand the context, genres and literary expression in the New Testament becomes a

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Erasmus held that academics must avoid philosophical factionalism as an offense against Christian concord, in order to "make the whole world Christian." Indeed, Erasmus thought that Scholastic philosophy actually distracted participants from their proper focus on immediate morality, unless used

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which he regarded as one of his purposes in life. Only as an independent scholar could he hope to influence the reform of religion. When Erasmus declined to support him, the "straightforward" Luther became angered that Erasmus was avoiding the responsibility due either to cowardice or a lack of

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Erasmus "constantly and consistently" opposed the mooted idea of a Christian "universal monarch" with an over-extended empire, who could supposedly defeat the Ottoman forces: such universalism did not "hold any promise of generating less conflict than the existing political plurality;" instead,

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Erasmus left London with a full purse from his generous friends, to allow him to complete his studies. However, he had been provided with bad legal advice by his friends: the English Customs officials confiscated all the gold and silver, leaving him with nothing except a night fever that lasted

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calls them "victims of Dominic and Francis and Benedict"): Erasmus felt he had belonged to this class, joining "voluntarily but not freely" and so considered himself, if not morally bound by his vows, certainly legally, socially and honour- bound to keep them, yet to look for his true vocation.

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Mansfield summarizes Robert Kleinhan that "In contrast to contemporary theologies which centred on grace (Luther) or church and sacraments (the Council of Trent), Erasmus' theology 'stressed the acquisition of peace through the virtue obtainable by union with Christ through meditation upon the

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According to historian Jamie Gianoutsos, Erasmus was not cherry-picking, in the way of St Augustine's 'spoiling the Egyptians,' i.e., acquiring what is valuable from the pagan heritage for the benefit of Christianity. "Erasmus, in contrast, had expressed reserve and even cautious criticism for

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Historian Johannes Trapman notes "But who are in fact heretics? According to Erasmus not somebody who doubts a minor doctrinal point or even errs in some article. For the protection of the commonwealth heretics who are not only blasphemous but also seditious deserve the death penalty." Erasmus

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Historian Julian Haseldine has noted that medieval monks used charged expressions of friendship with the same emotional content regardless of how well-known the person was to them: so this language was sometimes "instrumental" rather than "affective." However, in this case we have Erasmus' own

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What Erasmus contributes to discussions of the divinity of Christ is a counsel of restraint in metaphysical speculation, an accent on the revelatory breadth of the eternal Word of God, and an invitation to think of Christ incarnate as the eloquent oration of God. But the central impulse of the

4095:

to give seed money to students and the needy; he had received dispensations (from Ferdinand Archduke of Austria, and from Emperor Charles V in 1530) to make a will rather than have his wealth revert to his order (the Chapter of Sion), or to the state, and had long pre-sold most of his personal

3218:

Erasmus suffered from poor health and was especially concerned with heating, clean air, ventilation, draughts, fresh food and unspoiled wine: he complained about the draughtiness of English buildings. He complained that Queens' College could not supply him with enough decent wine (wine was the

952:

The year of Erasmus' birth is unclear: in later life he calculated his age as if born in 1466, but frequently his remembered age at major events actually implies 1469. (This article currently gives 1466 as the birth year. To handle this disagreement, ages are given first based on 1469, then in

10625:

I.e., Erasmus' method is that Jesus' primary teachings are not things you (whether lay person or theologian) interpret in the light of everything else (particularly some novel, post-patristic theological schema, even if ostensibly biblically coherent), but what you base your interpretation of

8575:

most grievous sorrows, merely makes this wound more and more painful. What more can I say? I feel that I am being called. I will be glad to die here together with that incomparable and irrevocable patron of mine, provided I am allowed, by the mercy of Christ, to live there together with him."

8389:

By 1524, his disciples included, in his words, "the (Holy Roman) Emperor, the Kings of England, France, and Denmark, Prince Ferdinand of Germany, the Cardinal of England, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and more princes, more bishops, more learned and honourable men than I can name, not only in

5958:

According to historian C. Scott Dixon, Erasmus' not only criticized church failings but questioned many of his Church's basic teachings; however, according to biographer Erika Rummel, "Erasmus was aiming at the correction of abuses rather than at doctrinal innovation or institutional change."

4487:"Perhaps evil rulers should sometimes be tolerated. We owe some respect to the memory of those whose places we think of them as occupying. Their titles have some claim on us. We should not seek to put matters right if there is a real possibility that the cure may prove worse than the disease." 7070:(2023) runs to 444 entries (120 pages), almost all from the latter half of his life. He usually wrote books in particular classical literary genres with their different rhetorical conventions: complaint, diatribe, dialogue, encomium, epistle, commentary, liturgy, sermon, etc. His letter to 6693:

You must realize that 'philosopher' does not mean someone who is clever at dialectics or science but someone who rejects illusory appearance and undauntedly seeks out and follows what is true and good. Being a philosopher is in practice the same as being a Christian; only the terminology is

4540:

It was the duty of the leaders of this (reforming) movement, if Christ was their goal, to refrain not only from vice, but even from every appearance of evil; and to offer not the slightest stumbling block to the Gospel, studiously avoiding even practices which, although allowed, are yet not

7359:

From 1505, and certainly after 1517, he dressed as a scholar-priest. He preferred warm and soft garments: according to one source, he arranged for his clothing to be stuffed with fur to protect him against the cold, and his habit counted with a collar of fur which usually covered his nape.

6285:

and other works, which Luther ignored. Apart from the perceived moral failings among followers of the Reformers—an important sign for Erasmus—he also dreaded any change in doctrine, citing the long history of the Church as a bulwark against innovation. He put the matter bluntly to Luther:

4187:

When Erasmus wrote of 'Judaism,' he most frequently (though not always) was not referring to Jews: instead he referred to those Catholic Christians of his time, especially in the monastic lifestyle, who mistakenly promoted excessive external ritualism over interior piety, by analogy with

7994:

about an earlier teenage infatuation with a "Cantellius": "It is not uncommon at age to conceive passionate attachments for some of your companions". However, he allows "That these same letters, which run the gamut of love's emotions, are undoubtedly also literary exercises—rhetorical

10703:"Without denying the presence of theological mistakes in Origen’s corpus, Erasmus felt that an irenic attitude toward Origen was more helpful to the Church than one of censorious criticism. Erasmus believed that Origen had seen further into the mind of St Paul than Augustine had done." 8276:

p.624. It may also show the practical difficulty of being dispensed from wearing the habit of his order without being entirely dispensed from his vow of poverty: indeed, Erasmus had said his order of Augustinian Canons regular were priests when that suited and monks when that suited.

6770:(word) emphasizing the dynamic and interpersonal communication rather than static principle: "Christ incarnate as the eloquent oration of God": "He is called Speech , because through him God, who in his own nature cannot be comprehended by any reasoning, wished to become known to us." 4120:

Erasmus had a distinctive manner of thinking, a Catholic historian suggests: one that is capacious in its perception, agile in its judgments, and unsettling in its irony with "a deep and abiding commitment to human flourishing". "In all spheres, his outlook was essentially pastoral."

9404:, a converted Jew (which Erasmus approved of when sincere) who saw dangers in any re-Judaizing or re-mosaing Christianity (like Erasmus) but who went into fanaticism (which Erasmus abhored), e.g., advocating that Jews be compelled to hear Christian sermons, and that all copies of the 6154:

Erasmus and Luther impacted each other greatly. Each had misgivings about each other from the beginning (Erasmus on Luther's rash and antagonistic character, Luther on Erasmus' focus on morality rather than grace) but strategically agreed not to be negative about the other in public.

8597:, Erasmus recounts "Included with the Carthusians was the Brigittine monk Reynolds, a man of angelic features and angelic character and possessed of sound judgment, as I discovered through the conversations I had with him when I was in England in the company of Cardinal Campeggi." 6313:

You stipulate that we should not ask for or accept anything but Holy Scripture, but you do it in such a way as to require that we permit you to be its sole interpreter, renouncing all others. Thus the victory will be yours if we allow you to be not the steward but the lord of Holy

5910:

wise matches, preparation for confession and the need for pastoral encouragement, preparation for death and the need to assuage fear, training and helping the preaching duties of priests under bishops, baptism and the need for that faithful to own the baptismal vows made for them.

21015: 956:

His parents could not be legally married: his father, Gerard, was a Catholic priest who may have spent up to six years in the 1450s or 60s in Italy as a scribe and scholar. His mother was Margaretha Rogerius (Latinized form of Dutch surname Rutgers), the daughter of a doctor from

7709:, has an Erasmus Tower, Erasmus Building and an Erasmus Room. Until the early 20th century, Queens' College used to have a corkscrew that was purported to be "Erasmus' corkscrew", which was a third of a metre long; as of 1987, the college still had what it calls "Erasmus' chair". 2727:. Through the influence of the humanist John Colet, his interests turned towards theology. Other distinctive features of Colet's thought that may have influenced Erasmus are his pacifism, reform-mindedness, anti-Scholasticism and pastoral esteem for the sacrament of Confession. 10616:, Erasmus seeks to orient his theories of preaching around "the simplicity of Christ's teaching and example." Consequently, preaching is not for engaging in controversy, but for bringing salvation, moving the congregation to a moral life and building community through concord." 3366:

Erasmus may have made several other short visits to England or English territory while living in Brabant. Happily for Erasmus, More and Tunstall were posted in Brussels or Antwerp on government missions around 1516, More for six months, Tunstall for longer. Their circle include

4319:

Historians have written that "references to conflict run like a red thread through the writings of Erasmus." Erasmus had experienced war as a child and was particularly concerned about wars between Christian kings, who should be brothers and not start wars; a theme in his book

4154:

Erasmus' aphoristic quote on the persecution of Reuchlin "if it is Christian to hate Jews, we are all abundantly Christians here" is taken literally by Theodor Dunkelgrün and Harry S. May as being approving of such hatred; the alternative view would be that it was sardonic and

901:

Third, his flourishing but peripatetic years of increasing focus and literary productivity following his 1499 contact with a reformist English circle, then with radical French Franciscan Jean Vitrier (or Voirier) and later with the Greek-speaking Aldine New Academy in Venice;

6047:

However, he was not in favour of speedy closures of monasteries nor of larger reformed monasteries with important libraries: in his account of his pilgrimage to Walsingham, he noted that the funds extracted from pilgrims typically supported houses for the poor and elderly.

9847:

Augustine's views while betraying great enthusiasm for St Jerome and his metaphor of the freeman who marries the captive slave to obtain her freedom. Christianityhad wed itself to the classical heritage to enhance and liberate it (i.e., that heritage) from its pagan ethos"

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of Basel, were claiming Erasmus held views similar to their own in order to try to claim him for their schismatic and "erroneous" movement. When the Mass was finally banned in Basel in 1529, Erasmus immediately abandoned the city, as did the other expelled Catholic clergy.

19619:

Carrington, Laurel (2013). "Desiderius Erasmus. The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2082 to 2203, 1529. Ed. James Estes. Trans. Alexander Dalzell. Collected Works of Erasmus 15. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. xxii + 404 pp. $ 175. ISBN: 978–1–4426–4203–4".

9584:"Unlike Luther, he accepted papal primacy and the teaching authority of the church and did not discount human tradition. The reforms proposed by Erasmus were in the social rather than the doctrinal realm. His principal aim was to foster piety and to deepen spirituality." 7737:

In 1928, the site of Erasmus' grave was dug up, and a body identified in the bones and examined. In 1974, a body was dug up in a slightly different location, accompanied by an Erasmus medal. Both bodies have been claimed to be Erasmus'. However, it is possible neither is.

3625:) and Aldine-like Italic and Greek fonts, as well as elegant layouts using borders and fancy capitals; Hans Holbein (the Younger) cut several woodblock capitals for Erasmus' editions. The printing of many his books was supervised by his Alsatian friend, the Greek scholar 6857:

of everything": "the focus in which both dimensions of reality, the human and the divine, intersect" and so He himself is the hermeneutical principle of scripture": "the middle is the medium, the medium is the mediator, the mediator is the reconciler". In Erasmus' early

6127:, was less theological than political: "The Roman curia has abandoned any sense of shame. What could be more shameless than these constant indulgences? And now they put up war against the Turks as a pretext, when their aim really is to drive the Spaniards from Naples." 3927:;) and as Luther and some Lutherans and some powerful Catholic theologians renewed their personal attacks on Erasmus, his letters are increasingly focused on concerns on the status of friendships and safety as he considered moving from bland Freiburg despite his health. 5970:, especially at first he sided unambiguously with neither Luther nor the anti-Lutherans publicly (though in private he lobbied assiduously against extremism from both parties), but eventually shunned the breakaway Protestant Reformation movements along with their most 7095:

employed secretaries or amanuenses who performed the assembly or transcription, re-wrote his writing, and in his last decade, recorded his dictation; letters were usually in his own hand, unless formal. For much of his career he wrote standing at a desk, as shown in

7023:

During the centuries of the previous age the oracles of the gentiles spoke of you in obscure riddles. Egyptian prophecies, Apollo’s tripod, the Sibylline books, gave hints of you. The mouths of learned poets predicted your coming in oracles they did not understand.

2844:.) A particular influence was his encounter in 1501 with Jean (Jehan) Vitrier, a radical Franciscan who consolidated Erasmus' thoughts against excessive valorization of monasticism, ceremonialism and fasting in a kind of conversion experience, and introduced him to 953:

parentheses based on 1466: e.g., "20 (or 23)".) Furthermore, many details of his early life must be gleaned from a fictionalized third-person account he wrote in 1516 (published in 1529) in a letter to a fictitious Papal secretary, Lambertus Grunnius ("Mr. Grunt").

17105:"Erasmus' Cambridge Years (1511–1514): The Execution of Erasmus' Christian Humanist Programme, His Epitaph for Lady Margaret's Tomb in Westminster Abbey (1512), and His Failed Attempt to Obtain the Lady Margaret's Professorship in the Face of Scholastic Opposition" 9810:, CWE 26, 385). By teaching the relativity of communicative situations and the variability of temperaments, the laughter resulting from the art of rhetoric comes to resemble the most sincere content of Christian morality, based on tolerance and loving persuasion." 17626:

Ocker, Christopher (2017). "Review: Collected Works of Erasmus, vol. 73: Controversies: Apologia de 'In Principio Erat Sermo', Apologia de Loco 'Omnes quidem', De Esu Carnium, De Delectu Ciborum Scholia, Responsio ad Collationes, edited by Drysdall, Denis L.".

9632:

wing of the canons regular who believed that the charism of their orders required them to be more externally focussed (on pastoral, missionary, scholarly, charitable and sacramental works) and correspondingly de-focussed on monastic severity and ceremonialism.

8626:

Contrast the "outsider" interpretation of Huizinga "He tried to remain in the fold of the old Church, after having damaged it seriously, and renounced the Reformation, and to a certain extent even Humanism, after having furthered both with all his strength."

6354:

from avarice to liberality, from reviling to well-speaking, from wantonness to modesty. I will show you a great many who have become worse through following it. The solemn prayers of the Church are abolished, but now there are very many who never pray at all.

2895:

Erasmus preferred to live the life of an independent scholar and made a conscious effort to avoid any actions or formal ties that might inhibit his individual freedom. In England Erasmus was approached with prominent offices but he declined them all, until the

10332:

For example, "It is likely that Erasmus rejected the traditional view of Hell as a place of real, material fire. But although he probably conceived of it as a place of mental rather than physical torment,... Erasmus does not appear to reject the eternality of

9453:

In marriage, Erasmus' two significant innovations, according to historian Nathan Ron, were that "matrimony can and should be a joyous bond, and that this goal can be achieved by a relationship between spouses based on mutuality, conversation, and persuasion."

7868:. For the Ursalines, Barnabites, etc. "these associations were not conceived by their founders as 'religious orders', but as spiritual companies mostly composed of both lay and religious folk ... Similarly to the teachings of humanists like Erasmus and of the 4525:, Erasmus was against the death penalty merely for private or peaceable heresy, or for dissent on non-essentials: "It is better to cure a sick man than to kill him." The Church has the duty to protect believers and convert or heal heretics; he invoked Jesus' 6538:

The body is purely material; the spirit is purely divine; the soul…is tossed back and forwards between the two according to whether it resists or gives way to the temptations of the flesh. The spirit makes us gods; the body makes us beasts; the soul makes us

4727:

example, that it was not legitimate to have slaves taken in an unjust war, but it was not a subject that occupied him. However, his belief that "nature created all men free" (and slavery was imposed) was a rejection of Aristotle's category of natural slaves.

16272: 9396:, Erasmus sided with Reuchlin, a gentile who advocated Hebrew studies (which Erasmus never undertook seriously himself but promoted) and interaction with Jewish scholars (which Erasmus never felt the professional occasion for) to learn of things such as the 6573: 9982:, Erasmus quotes Aristotle 304 times, "making extensive use of the moral, philosophical, political, and rhetorical writings as well as those on natural philosophy, while completely shunning the logical works that formed the basis for scholastic philosophy" 7266:

In 1528 he suffered recurrent episodes of the stone, "from which he almost died." In 1529 his self-removal from Basel was delayed because of headcold and fever. In 1530 while traveling he suffered some near-fatal illness which several doctors diagnosed as

4472:, opposing certain views of Martin Luther, Erasmus noted that religious disputants should be temperate in their language, "because in this way the truth, which is often lost amidst too much wrangling may be more surely perceived." Gary Remer writes, "Like 9429:

For Erasmus, "...the relative importance we should ascribe to the different books of the Bible," accorded to how much "they bring us more or less directly to knowledge of (Christ)": which gave priority to the New Testament and the Gospels in particular.

7003:

Apart from these programmatic works, Erasmus also produce a number of prayers, sermons, essays, masses and poems for specific benefactors and occasions, often on topics where Erasmus and his benefactor agreed. His thought was particularly influenced by

21120: 6754:. And the primary mechanism of accommodation is language, which mediates between reality and abstraction, which allows disputes of all kinds to be resolved and the gospel to be transmitted: in his New Testament, Erasmus notably translated the Greek 9654:"In the first years of the Reformation many thought that Luther was only carrying out the program of Erasmus, and this was the opinion of those strict Catholics who from the outset of the great conflict included Erasmus in their attacks on Luther." 7448:) as his personal motto. The obverse of the medal by Quintin Matsys featured the Terminus herm. Mottoes on medals, along the circumference, included "A better picture of Erasmus is shown in his writing", and "Contemplate the end of a long life" and 6957:

Several scholars have suggested Erasmus wrote as an evangelist not an academic theologian. Even "theology was to be metamorphic speech, converting persons to Christ." Erasmus did not conceive of Christianity as fundamentally an intellectual system:

3112:, the 24-year old Archbishop of St Andrews, through Padua, Florence, and Siena Erasmus made it to Rome in 1509, visiting some notable libraries and cardinals, but having a less active association with Italian scholars than might have been expected. 10467:' "For as there is no place in which it is more proper to seek Thee than in Thy words, so is there no place where Thou art more clearly discovered than in Thy words. For therein Thou abidest, and thither Thou leadest all who seek and love Thee." 7218:

However, at times he has been viciously criticized, his works suppressed, his expertise corralled, his writings misinterpreted, his thought demonized, and his legacy marginalized. He was never judged and declared a heretic by the Catholic Church,

9627:

DeMolen claims: "It is important to recall that Erasmus remained a member of the Austin Canons all his life. His lifestyle harmonized with the spirit of the Austin Canons even though he lived outside their monastic walls." Erasmus represents the

6623:

moderately. And, by "excluding the Platonists from their commentaries, they strangle the beauty of revelation." "They are windbags blown up with Aristotle, sausages stuffed with a mass of theoretical definitions, conclusions, and propositions."

21062: 18491:

Coetsee, Albert J.; Walt, Sarel van der; Muller, D. Francois; Huijgen, Arnold; Brink, Gijsbert van den; Alten, HH van; Broeke, Leon van den; Kotzé, Manitza; Kruger, P. Paul; Potgieter, Raymond M.; Fick, Rikus; Dreyer, Wim (17 November 2023).

6200:

Though he sought to remain accommodative in doctrinal disputes, each side accused him of siding with the other, perhaps because of his perceived influence and what they regarded as his dissembling neutrality, which he regarded as peacemaking

4551:

Erasmus allowed the death penalty against violent seditionists, to prevent bloodshed and war: he allowed that the state has the right to execute those who are a necessary danger to public order—whether heretic or orthodox—but noted (e.g., to

6260:

initiated what has been called "The greatest debate of that era" which still has ramifications today. They bypassed discussion on reforms which they both agreed on in general, and instead dealt with authority and biblical justifications of

3757:

and changes the hearts of men" and later "What upsets me is not so much their teaching, especially Luther’s, as the fact that, under the pre-text of the gospel, I see a class of men emerging whom I find repugnant from every point of view."

3115:

In 1510, William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Mountjoy lured him back to England, now under its new humanist king, paying £10 journey money. On his trip back over the Alps, down the Rhein, to England, Erasmus mentally composed

10510:

that in the process of interpreting a passage from Scripture it is essential to consider not only what was said but also by whom and to whom it was said, with which words, at what time, on what occasion, and what preceded and followed it."

8888:

For Markish, Erasmus' "theological opposition to a form of religious thought which he identified with Judaism was not translated into crude prejudice against actual Jews", to the extent that Erasmus could be described as 'a-semitic' rather

7081:

From his youth, Erasmus had been a voracious writer. Erasmus wrote or answered up to 40 letters per day, usually waking early in the morning and writing them in his own hand. He did not work after dinner. His writing method (recommended in

3787:

There are no extant letters between More and Erasmus from the start of More's period as Chancellor until his resignation (1529–1533), almost to the day. Erasmus wrote several important non-political works under the surprising patronage of

17194:

Kinney, Daniel (February 1983). "Georges Chantraine, S.J ., Erasme et Luther: Libre et serf arbitre, etude Historique et Theologique. Paris : Éditions Lethielleux / Presses Universitaires de Namur, 1981. XLV + 503 pp. in-8°. 270 Fr".

6685:

In philosopher Étienne Gilson's summary: "the quite precise goal he pursues is to reject Greek philosophy outside of Christianity, into which the Middle Ages introduced Greek philosophy with the risk of corrupting this Christian Wisdom."

15137:

Essary, Kirk (2016). "Collected Works of Erasmus, written by Frederick J. McGinness (ed.), Michael J. Heath and James L.P. Butrica (transl.), Frederick J. McGinness and Michael J. Heath (annotat.), and Alexander Dalzell (contrib. ed.)".

6866:

in typical medieval terms of an ascent of being to God (vertical), but from the mid-1510s life he moved to an analogy of Copernican planetary circling around Christ the centre (horizontal) or Columbian navigation towards a destination.

9593:"Rigorously scientific biblical study must sustain an effort to renew the interior life, and the interior life must itself be at once the agent and the beneficiary of a renewal of the whole of Christian society." This went beyond the 6359:

Who ever beheld in their meetings any one of them shedding tears, smiting his breast, or grieving for his sins? Confession to the priest is abolished, but very few now confess to God. They have fled from Judaism that they may become

3223:

still houses many first editions of Erasmus's publications, many of which were acquired during that period by bequest or purchase, including Erasmus's New Testament translation, which is signed by friend and Polish religious reformer

19821: 8286:

He wrote to Servatius Rogerus, the prior at Stein, to justify his jobs: "I do not aim at becoming rich, so long as I possess just enough means to provide for my health and free time for my studies and to ensure that I am a burden to

4100:, who had fled from Geneva to Basel, who subsequently translated the Bible into Latin and French, and who worked for the repair of the breach and divide of Western Christianity in its Catholic, Anabaptist, and Protestant branches. 4171:, Erasmus wrote: "The cunning of princes and the effrontery of the Roman curia can go no further; and it looks as though the state of the common people would soon be such that the tyranny of the Grand Turk would be more bearable." 18809: 9802:"According to Erasmus, Lucian's laughter is the most appropriate instrument to guide pupils towards moral seriousness because it is the denial of every peremptory and dogmatic point of view and, therefore, the image of a joyful 8094:

Erasmus suffered severe food intolerances, including to fish, beer and many wines, which formed much of the diet of Northern European monks, and caused his antipathy to fasts. "My heart is Catholic, but my stomach is Lutheran."

7548:

in (gilt) bronze replacing an earlier stone version from 1557, itself replacing a wooden one of 1549, possibly a gift from the City of Basel. This was set up in the public square in Rotterdam, and today may be found outside the

4366:, further limiting it to feasible defensive actions with popular support and that "war should never be undertaken unless, as a last resort, it cannot be avoided." Defeat should be endured rather than fighting to the end. In his 8694:"He left a small fortune, in trusts for the benefit of the aged and infirm, the education of young men of promise, and as marriage portions for deserving young women - nothing, however, for Masses for the repose of his soul." 9072:

Bruce Mansfield summarizes historian Georg Gebhart's view: "While recognizing the teaching authority, but not the primacy, of Councils, Erasmus adopted a moderate papalism, papal authority itself being essentially pastoral."

6308:

Continuing his chastisement of Luther – and undoubtedly put off by the notion of there being "no pure interpretation of Scripture anywhere but in Wittenberg" – Erasmus touches upon another important point of the controversy:

6356:

I have never entered their conventicles, but I have sometimes seen them returning from their sermons, the countenances of all of them displaying rage, and wonderful ferocity, as though they were animated by the evil spirit.

4286:

I give you my peace, I leave you my peace" (John 14:27). You hear what he leaves his people? Not horses, bodyguards, empire or riches – none of these. What then? He gives peace, leaves peace – peace with friends, peace with

7117:

on subjects of humanist interest: "Three areas preoccupied Erasmus as a writer: language arts, education, and biblical studies. All of his works served as models of style. He pioneered the principles of textual criticism."

6948:

philosophical argument all too often generated; this produced in Erasmus a profound disinterest in hyper-rationality, and an emphasis on verbal, rhetorical, mystical, pastoral and personal/political moral concerns instead.

13102: 9552:. Erasmus was not a forerunner in the sense that he conceived or defended ideas that later made up the substance of the Reformation thought. It is enough that some of his ideas merged with the later Reformation message." 3731:. Erasmus wrote somewhat dramatically to Thomas More of his frail condition at the time: "I preferred to risk my life rather than appear to approve a programme like theirs. There was some hope of a return to moderation." 9881:

Erasmus does not engage with Plato as a philosopher, at least not in any rigorous sense, but rather as a rhetorician of spiritual experience, the instigator of a metaphorical system which coheres effectively with Pauline

3661:, after having served as Regent (and/or Grand Inquisitor) of Spain for six years. Like Erasmus and Luther, he had been influenced by the Brethren of the Common Life. He tried to entice Erasmus to Rome. His reforms of the 9284:

However, Erasmus related that he had consulted a Jewish doctor, in October 1518. Erasmus also knew several converted Jews: his doctor Matthais Adrianus, who Erasmus recommended for the Trilingual College, and his doctor

1252:

either on 25 April 1492, or 25 April 1495, at age 25 (or 28.) Either way, he did not actively work as a choir priest for very long, though his many works on confession and penance suggests experience of dispensing them.

8782:

However, "his wit can be gentle; it can break out into bitterness. In controversy, resentments and anxieties can get loose, countermanding the Christian imperative of love to which he was devoted and which runs as a

8044:

in England "to some extent Erasmus thereby realized the dream of his youth, which was to live together with some choice literary spirit with whom he might share his thoughts and aspiration". Quoted in J. K. Sowards,

16722: 10656:

in isolation from his other works may give an idea of Erasmus' priorities different to that given by broader reading, even though he sometimes claimed to be re-presenting essentially the same thoughts in different

6905:

at the head of the queue. This privileges peacemaking, mercy, meekness, purity of heart, hungering after righteousness, poverty of spirit, etc. as the unassailable core of Christianity and piety and true theology.

15556: 9548:(1516), which laid the foundations for a model of Christianity that called for a pared-down, internalized style of religiosity focused on Scripture rather than the elaborate, and incessant, outward rituals of the 6531:": warm affection and an appropriately fiery heart being inalienable parts of human sincerity; however historian Ross Dealy sees Erasmus' decrial of other non-gentle "perverse affections" as having Stoical roots. 4516:

to say that the Lutherans (of 1523) were not formally heretics: he pushed back against the willingness of some theologians to cry heresy fast in order to enforce their views in universities and at inquisitions.

17543:

Was Erasmus Responsible for Luther? A Study of the Relationship of the Two Reformers and Their Clash Over the Question of the Will, Reynolds, Terrence M. p. 2, 1977. Reynolds references Arthur Robert Pennington

2851:

In 1502, Erasmus went to Brabant, ultimately to the university at Louvain. In 1504 he was hired by the leaders of the Brabantian "Provincial States" to deliver one of his few public speeches, a very long formal

8768:

For Erasmus, "dogmatics do not exist for themselves; they take on meaning only when they issue, on the one hand, in the exegesis of scripture and, on the other, in moral action" according to Manfred Hoffmann's

4707:, Erasmus voiced, as Paul, the "secret" that in the end times "all of the Israelites will be restored to salvation," and accept Christ as their Messiah, "although now part of them have fallen away from it." 16827: 6909:

The Sermon on the Mount provides the axioms on which every legitimate theology must be built, as well as the ethics governing theological discourse, and the rules for validating theological products; Erasmus'

4608:

In common with his times, Erasmus regarded the Jewish and Islamic religions as Christian heresies (and therefore competitors to orthodox Christianity) rather than separate religions, using the inclusive term

7940:

Huizinga (p.12) notes "To observe one another with sympathy, to watch and note each other's inner life, was a customary and approved occupation among the Brethren of the Common Life and the Windesheim monks."

21396: 14068: 9082:

If any single individual in the modern world can be credited with "the invention of peace", the honour belongs to Erasmus rather than Kant whose essay on perpetual peace was published nearly three centuries

7016:(1503) Erasmus elaborated his theme that the Incarnation had been hinted far and wide, which could impact the theology of the fate of the remote unbaptized and grace, and the place of classical philosophy: 4636:

Erasmus claimed not to be personally xenophobic: "For I am of such a nature that I could love even a Jew, were he a pleasant companion and did not spew out blasphemy against Christ" however Erasmus scholar

4520:

For Erasmus, punishable heresy had to involve fractiously, dangerously and publicly agitating against essential doctrines relating to Christ (i.e., blasphemy), with malice, depravity, obstinacy. As with St

4358:

frequently related to issues of peacemaking. He saw a key role of the Church in peacemaking by arbitration and mediation, and the office of the Pope was necessary to rein in tyrannical princes and bishops.

4182:

Erasmus' literary theory of "copiousness" makes a virtue of utilizing a large stockpile of tropes and symbolic figures, without modern disclaimers of their reality or qualms about the cumulative impact.

6648:. "A great part of the teaching of Christ is to be found in some of the philosophers, particularly Socrates, Diogenes and Epictetus. But Christ taught it much more fully, and exemplified it better..." ( 11419: 10024:"However learned the works of those men may be, however ‘subtle’ and, if it please them, however ‘seraphic,’ it must still be admitted that the Gospels and Epistles are the supreme authority." Erasmus, 4124:

Erasmus has been called a seminal rather than a consistent or systematic thinker, notably averse to over-extending from the specific to the general; who nevertheless should be taken very seriously as a

8085:

25 was the minimum age under canon law to be ordained a priest. However, Gouda church records do not support the 1492 year given by his first biographer, and 1495 has been suggested as more plausible.

4136:

A theologian has written of "Erasmus’ preparedness completely to satisfy no-one but himself." He has been called moderate, judicious and constructive even when being critical or when mocking extremes.

4151:

Antagonistic scholar J.W. Williams denies that Erasmus' letter to Ammonius "let your own interests be your standard in all things" was in obvious jest, as claimed by those more sympathetic to Erasmus.

7256:. His digestion gave him trouble: he was intolerant of fish, beer and some wines, which were the standard diet for members of religious orders; he eventually died following an attack of dysentery. 4275:. Erasmus' ecclesiology of peacemaking held that the church authorities had a divine mandate to settle religious disputes, in an as non-excluding way as possible, including by the preferably-minimal 4219:

Peace, peaceableness and peacemaking, in all spheres from the domestic to the religious to the political, were central distinctives of Erasmus' writing on Christian living and his mystical theology:

10674:

that "students in this science have not seldom been hampered by what they have found written by other authors, partly on account of the multiplication of useless questions, articles, and arguments"

7123:

on pastoral subjects: "to Christians in the various stages of lives:for the young, for married couples, for widows," the dying, clergy, theologians, religious, princes, partakers of sacraments, etc.

1257:

Rogerus demanding Erasmus return after his studies were complete. Nevertheless, the library of the canonry ended up with by far the largest collection of Erasmus' publications in the Gouda region.

10409:"The saintly versatility with which Christ and Paul accommodate their message to their imperfect hearers is one of the highest expressions of their charity, which desires the salvation of all men." 6184:

However, any hesitancy on the part of Erasmus may have stemmed, not from lack of courage or conviction, but rather from a concern over the mounting disorder and violence of the reform movement. To

14102: 961:. She may have been Gerard's housekeeper. Although he was born out of wedlock, Erasmus was cared for by his parents, with a loving household and the best education, until their early deaths from 10145:

before him, he recommended that (scholastic method) be practiced with greater moderation and that it be complemented by the new philological and patristic knowledge that was becoming available."

8561:

The last was released at the time of Henry VIII and Anne Bolyn's wedding; Erasmus appended a statement that indicated he opposed the marriage. Erasmus outlived Anne and her brother by two months.

6461:

Erasmus syncretistically took phrases, ideas and motifs from many classical philosophers to furnish discussions of Christian themes: academics have identified aspects of his thought as variously

19036: 13745: 6209:

I detest dissension because it goes both against the teachings of Christ and against a secret inclination of nature. I doubt that either side in the dispute can be suppressed without grave loss.

6197:

Catholic theologian George Chantraine notes that, where Luther quotes Luke 11:21 "He that is not with me is against me", Erasmus takes Mark 9:40 "For he that is not against us, is on our part."

6085:

came lately to me in a dream and thanked me for chastising them." After his lifetime, scholars of mendicant orders have sometimes disputed Erasmus as hyperbolic and ill-informed. A 20th-century

6827:: we now knowing the resurrection, Christ is revealed by the Gospels in a way that we can know him better by reading him than those who actually heard him speak; this will or may transform us. 4568:

not because of their heretical views on baptism. Despite these concessions to state power, Erasmus suggested that religious persecution could still be challenged as inexpedient (ineffective).

21591: 8846:"Erasmus discussed Amerindians and their way of life only as a tool, an analogy or parable, for those issues that consistently preoccupied his mind, namely the mores of the Christian Church." 9198:

were absentee rulers, the secret nature of diplomacy and other circumstances) was widespread, but it is notable that intellectuals like Erasmus and Barlandus also accepted the allegations.

4073:

He had remained loyal to Roman Catholicism, but biographers have disagreed whether to treat him as an insider or an outsider. He may not have received or had the opportunity to receive the

10363:"We see Erasmus' hermeneutic as governed by the idea of language as mediation The dynamics of mediation, central as it is in Erasmus' hermeneutic, informed all aspects of his world view." 9207:"I have made my support of the church sufficiently clearThe only thing in which I take pride is that I have never committed myself to any sect." Erasmus, Letter to Georgius Agricola (1534) 4419:

advocating concord between princes, both temporal and spiritual. The spiritual princes, by their arbitration and mediation do not "threaten political plurality, but acts as its defender."

8928:, of Old-Christians mired in ceremonial practice to Pharisees who had forgotten the true message of Judaism, a statement they used as a counter-punch against Old-Christian accusations of 6116:

The early reformers built their theology on Erasmus' philological analyses of specific verses in the New Testament: repentance over penance (the basis of the first thesis of the Luther's

4159:

Terence J. Martin identifies an "Erasmian pattern" that the supposed (by the reader) otherness (of Turks, Lapplanders, Indians, Amerindans, Jews, and even women and heretics) "provides a

18801: 18148: 8552:

De Góis then proceeded to Padua, meeting with the humanist cardinals Bembo and Sadeleto, and with Ignatius of Loyola. He had previously dined with Luther and Melanchthon, and met Bucer.

4411:

One of his approaches was to send, and publish, congratulatory and lionizing letters to princes who, though in a position of strength, negotiated peace with neighbours: such as to King

1137:

were among the chief objects of his later calls to reform the Western Church from within, particularly coerced or tricked recruitment of immature boys (the fictionalized account in the

3676:

As the popular and nationalist responses to Luther gathered momentum, the social disorders, which Erasmus dreaded and Luther disassociated himself from, began to appear, including the

4050:. "The most famous scholar of his day died in peaceful prosperity and in the company of celebrated and responsible friends." His last words, as recorded by his friend and biographer 2704:, who offered to accompany him on his trip to England. His time in England was fruitful in the making of lifelong friendships with the leaders of English thought in the days of King 21327: 4000:, finally exiled to a monastery, and on release perhaps murdered. His amanuensis Gilbert Cousin died in prison at age 66, shortly after being arrested on the personal order of Pope 3806: 6527:

Historian Kirk Essary has noted that from his earliest to last works Erasmus "regularly denounced the Stoics as specifically unchristian in their hardline position and advocacy of

6006:

Reacting from his own experiences, Erasmus came to believe that monastic life and institutions no longer served the positive spiritual or social purpose they once may have: in the

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scriptural ignorance and fanciful Biblical interpretation, prayer, dietary fasts, external ceremonialism, authority, vows, docility, submission to Rome, etc. For example, in his

3716:

his former assistant, in which elected Catholic councilmen were deposed, the city of Basel definitely adopted the Reformation—finally banning the Catholic Mass on April 1, 1529.

10694:

Historian Hilmar Pabel wrote "an essential aspect of Erasmus' life's work (was)...his participation in the responsibility of the bishops and all pastors to win souls for Christ."

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which More used for Utopia, due to 33 specific similarities of ideas, and that the fictional character Raphael Hythloday is de las Casas. Coincidentally, de las Casas' nemesis

7537:

produced the earliest known portraits of Erasmus, including an oil painting from life in 1517 (which had to be delayed as Erasmus' pain distorted his face) and a medal in 1519.

3644:, had grown to also include a lightly revised Latin Vulgate, then the Greek text, then several edifying essays on methodology, then a highly revised Vulgate—all bundled as his 1284:

and confirmed the previous dispensation, allowing the 48-(or 51-)year-old his independence but still, as a canon, capable of holding office as a prior or abbot. In 1525, Pope

14641:

Flesh, Blood, and Puffed-Up Livers: The Theological, Political, and Social Contexts behind the 1550-1551 Written Eucharistic Debate between Thomas Cranmer and Stephen Gardiner

3665:

which he hoped would meet the objections of many Lutherans were stymied (party because the Holy See was broke), though re-worked at the Council of Trent, and he died in 1523.

934:, whom Erasmus' father Gerard (Gerardus Helye) personally favored. Although associated closely with Rotterdam, he lived there for only four years, never to return afterwards. 7604:

scholarships enable European students to spend up to a year of their university courses in a university in another European country, commemorating Erasmus' impulse to travel.

5966:

Erasmus, at the height of his literary fame, was called upon to take one side, but public partisanship was foreign to his beliefs, his nature and his habits. Despite all his

27461: 9141:(1512) denounced princes as the most guilty of ambition, luxury and a desire for domination. Bernard proposed that reformation must primarily involve ending war and schism. 4144:

Erasmus often wrote in a highly ironical idiom, especially in his letters, which makes them prone to different interpretations when taken literally rather than ironically.

2692:"I can truly say that no place in the world has given me so many friends—true, learned, helpful, and illustrious friends—as the single city of London." Letter to Colet, 1509 16696: 9909:. Erasmus’ interest in some Platonic motifs is well known. But the most consistent philosophical theme in Erasmus’ writings from his earliest to his latest was that of the 9527:"It is because Christ is in the pages of the bible that we meet him as a living person. As we read these pages we absorb his presence, we become one with him." Robert Sider 3444:

that his income was over 300 ducats per year (over US$ 150,000) without including patronage. By 1522 he reported his annual income as 400 gold florins (over US$ 200,000.)

1076:, which left Erasmus feeling betrayed. Around this time he wrote forlornly to his friend Elizabeth de Heyden "Shipwrecked am I, and lost, 'mid waters chill'." He suffered 17836: 15548: 9464:

avoiding (Lutheran) boastful pride, then a loving, undespairing life lived with appropriate penitence. The focus of the Last Rites by priests should be comfort and hope.

3765:, then following another rent dispute bought and refurbished a house of his own, where he took in scholar/assistants as table-boarders such as Cornelius Grapheus' friend 11687:

The Eve of the Reformation. Studies in the Religious Life and Thought of the English people in the Period Preceding the Rejection of the Roman jurisdiction by Henry VIII

9766:

For Craig R. Thompson, Erasmus cannot be called philosopher in the technical sense, since he disdained formal logic and metaphysics and cared only for moral philosophy.

6644:

theologically and rhetorically: their value was in how they pre-saged, explained or amplified the unique teachings of Christ (particularly the Sermon on the Mount): the

4195:"Judaism I call not Jewish impiety, but prescriptions about external things, such as food, fasting, clothes, which to a certain degree resemble the rituals of the Jews." 19220:"Erasmus's Biblical Project: Some Thoughts and Observations on Its Scope, Its Impact in the Sixteenth Century and Reception in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries" 9606:

Writer Gregory Wolfe notes however "For Erasmus, the narrative of decline is a form of despair, a failure to believe that the tradition can and will generate new life."

7302:, painter unknown, c.1500, juxtaposing pregnancy and death, with four Augustinan canons regular of the Chapter (Abbey) of Sion. Left, with a little lion behind him, is 4620:

and anti-Moslem prejudice in his writings: historian Nathan Ron has found his writing to be harsh and racial in its implications, with contempt and hostility to Islam.

4077:

of the Catholic Church; the contemporary reports of his death do not mention whether he asked for a Catholic priest or not, if any were secretly or privately in Basel.

10427:"The gospel text for Erasmus, and many others, possessed “the capacity to transform our inner self by the presence of God as incarnated in the text (or 'inverbation') 5902:

in the eleventh century. He added a dedication, affirming his belief in the reality of the Body of Christ after consecration in the Eucharist, commonly referred to as

3780:, and his small book on preparing for death. His boarder for five months, the Portuguese scholar/diplomat Damião de Góis, worked on his lobbying on the plight of the 18802:"Bible Engagement in the Catholic Church Tradition. Conference on the occasion of the annual retreat of the Board of Management of the American Bible Society in Rome" 14905: 6846:

is the unifying reference point, the navigation goal, or the organizing principle of topics. According to his assistant-turned-foe, Œcolampadius, Erasmus's rule was "

4564:: Johannes Trapman states that Erasmus' endorsement of suppression of the Anabaptists springs from their refusal to heed magistrates and the criminal violence of the 4384:" Expansionism could not be justified. Taxes to pay for war should cause the least possible hardship on the poor. He hated sedition as, often, a cause of oppression. 2730:

This prompted him, upon his return from England to Paris, to intensively study the Greek language, which would enable him to study theology on a more profound level.

15525: 15069: 14053: 7425:

The herm became part of the Erasmus branding at Froben, and is on his tombstone. In the early 1530s, Erasmus was portrayed as Terminus by Hans Holbein the Younger.

27401: 6993:, which in their first state constitute a sort of preface to the various other studies, but which—in return—were nourished and enlarged by them as they went along. 4148:

Erasmus himself chided Ulrich von Hutten's claims that he (Erasmus) was a Lutheran, saying that von Hutten had not detected the irony in his public letters enough.

17081: 14216: 7890:. p. 95. MacCulloch has a footnote "There has been much modern embarrassment and obfuscation on Erasmus and Rogerus, but see the sensible comment in J. Huizinga, 6811:, can be seen as outworkings of his theology, rather than slippery insincerity or flattery of potential patrons. Similarly, it shows the theological basis of his 6168:(Oct 1520) and subsequent bellicosity drained Erasmus' and many humanists' sympathy, even more as Christians became partisans and the partisans took to violence. 3957:

After Erasmus' time, numerous of Erasmus' translators later met similar fates at the hands of Anglican, Catholic and Reformed sectarians and autocrats: including

27321: 10692:

Historian William McCuaig wrote " I will however defend the view that for the historian evangelism is the category to which Erasmus should rightly be assigned."

8952:. Erasmus continued: "This can hardly remain the case unless we define as few matters as possible and leave each individual's judgement free on many questions." 6172:

and urged him to join the Lutheran party. Erasmus declined to commit himself, arguing his usual "small target" excuse, that to do so would endanger the cause of

3574:

Desiderius Erasmus dictating to his ammenuensis Gilbert Cousin or Cognatus. From a book by Cousin, and itself claimed to be based on fresco in Cousin's house in

16816: 9718: 9655: 4133:. French theologian Louis Bouyer commented "Erasmus was to be one of those who can get no edification from exegesis where they suspect some misinterpretation." 25887: 12462: 11400: 10210: 8151:, Studies in the Renaissance, Vol. 9 (1962), p. 174. Erasmus continued to report occasionally to the prior, who disputed the validity of the 1505 dispensation. 7020:"You are assuredly the Woman of renown: both heaven and earth and the succession of all the ages uniquely join to celebrate your praise in a musical concord. 14683: 10486:

For Erica Rummel "In content, Erasmian theology is characterized by a twin emphasis on inner piety and on the word as mediator between God and the believer."

3211:" staircase of Old Court. Despite a chronic shortage of money, he succeeded in mastering Greek by an intensive, day-and-night study of three years, taught by 24837: 16549: 853:. He developed a biblical humanistic theology in which he advocated the religious and civil necessity both of peaceable concord and of pastoral tolerance on 2832:

for his students, then to Orléans to escape the plague, and then to semi-monastic life, scholarly studies and writing in France, notably at the Benedictine

25083: 12312: 12211: 8871:

p 99: Ron takes this as an affirmation by Erasmus of the low nature of Turks; the alternative view would take it as a negative foil (applying the model of

8473:) opened, and all the world applauded, I advised my friends to stand aloof. I thought it would end in bloodshed...", Letter to Alberto Pío, 1525, in e.g., 7634:

The Erasmus Lectures are an annual lecture on religious subjects, given by prominent Christian (mainly Catholic) and Jewish intellectuals, most notably by

4198:

Erasmus' counter-accusation to Spanish friars of "Judaizing" may have been particularly sharp and bold, given the prominent role that some friars with the

4129:

and rhetorical theologian, with a philological and historical approach—rather than a metaphysical approach—to interpreting Scripture and interested in the

3692:, on his release from the newly introduced Inquisition. In 1525, a former student of Erasmus who had served at Erasmus' father's former church at Woerden, 13260: 8355:, arguing for the natural slavery of American Indians, had previously been Erasmus' opponent as well, initially supporting the anti-decadence of Erasmus' 8296:

It is reported that the commission of theologians Henry VIII assembled to identify the errors of Luther was made up of three of Erasmus' former students:

27441: 14094: 10643:, and his prizing of vehement assertions and insults. Erica Rummel notes "The similarities between his and Luther’s thought were of course superficial." 8759:), one is reminded that Erasmus remains underrated for his psychological insights in general and that he is perhaps overlooked as a pastoral theologian." 7482: 27416: 8147:

from his obligations "by the constitutions and ordinances, also by statutes and customs of the monastery of Stein in Holland", quoted in J. K. Sowards,

2741:, a young law student considering becoming a monk, whose thought (e.g., on conscience and equity) had been influenced by 14th century French theologian 898:

Second, his struggling years as a canon (a kind of semi-monk), a clerk, a priest, a failing and sickly university student, a would-be poet, and a tutor;

27306: 21575: 19013: 16048: 13741: 9618:: Being a monk is not piety but he adds ‘but a way of life that may be useful or not useful according to each man’s physical make-up and disposition’. 9544:

emerged, and not just pointing up its failings but questioning many of its basic teachings. He was the author of a series of publications, including a

978:

on which news grieving Gerard romantically took Holy Orders, only to find on his return that Margaretha was alive; many scholars dispute this account.

7160:. However, his other works, such as his several thousand letters, continue to be a vital source of information to historians of numerous disciplines. 6977:

We may distinguish four different lines of work, parallel with each other, and complementary. First, the establishing and critical elucidation of the

27296: 8160:

Undispensed illegitimacy had various effects under canon law: it was not possible to be ordained a secular priest or to hold benefices, for example.

7187:

Since the origin of Christianity there have been perhaps only two other men—St Augustine and Voltaire—whose influence can be paralleled with Erasmus.

27326: 17227: 13080: 12931: 7220: 27311: 27291: 25659: 22590: 22238: 10306:

in 1360, Erasmus of Rotterdam around 1490, spontaneously conceived a similar method to save Christian faith," i.e. a sceptical-about-scholasticism

4301: 17536: 16134: 11855: 8681:

could achieve a state of salvation without the priestly rites, provided their faith and spirit were attuned to God" (i.e., maintaining being in a

7263:. He suffered kidney stones from his time in Venice and, in late life, with gout In 1514, he suffered a fall from his horse and injured his back. 6349:

Here Erasmus complains of the doctrines and morals of the Reformers, applying the same critique he had made about public Scholastic disputations:

20320: 11062: 3219:

Renaissance medicine for gallstones, from which Erasmus suffered). As Queens' was an unusually humanist-leaning institution in the 16th century,

16323: 16201: 13015: 6973:

Historian William McCuaig commented "I have never read a work by him on any subject that was not at bottom a piece of evangelical literature."

6238: 22154: 21519: 18137: 15912: 14978:

Vale, Malcolm (6 November 2020). "Erasmus and his Books, by Egbertus van Gulik, tr. J.C. Grayson, ed. James K. McConica and Johannes Trapman".

12105:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume VII. Modern Christianity. The German Reformation - Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 9919:. Erasmus, in fact, combined Christianity with a nuanced Epicurean morality. This Epicureanism, when combined in turn with a commitment to the 9629: 7428: 7224: 17690: 15610: 13137: 12955:

The correspondence of Erasmus. Letters 2357 to 2471 August 1530-March 1531 / translated by Charles Fantazzi ; annotated by James M. Estes

11632:"Reforming Christianity in early sixteenth-century Italy: the Barnabites, the Somaschans, the Ursulines, and the hospitals for the incurables" 9969:"appears as a sceptic whose premise is the badness of man", while Erasmus is a sceptic whose general premise is "man is or can be made good." 9194:

James D.Tracy notes that mistrust of the Habsburg government in the general population (partially due to the fact Maximilian and his grandson

6078:, where he tied common ownership (such as practiced by his order's style of poverty) with the teachings of classical philosophers and Christ. 25905: 25345: 17491:"Review of Erasmus, Controversies: Collected Works of Erasmus, vol. 78, trans. Peter Matheson, Peter McCardle, Garth Tissol, and James Tracy" 13865: 11939:"Mirrors for secretaries: the tradition of advice literature and the presence of classical political theory in Italian secretarial treatises" 10198:"Why don't we all reflect: this must be a marvelous and new philosophy since, in order to reveal it to mortals, he who was god became man..." 7282:. Other doctors have diagnosed from his written descriptions ailments such as rheumatoid arthritis, enteric rheumatism and spondylarthritis. 6051:

These ideas widely influenced his generation of humanists, both Catholic and Protestant, and the lurid hyperbolic attacks in his half-satire

5816: 5067: 4598: 4024: 14755: 11885: 10593:

According to philosopher John Smith "The core of his theological thought he traced back to Christ’s Sermon on the Mount, rather than Paul."

8543:

His arthritic gout kept him housebound and unable to write: "Even on Easter Day I said mass in my bedroom." Letter to Nicolaus Olahus (1534)

5978:"I have constantly declared, in countless letters, booklets, and personal statements, that I do not want to be involved with either party." 27466: 21210: 11795: 11781:

Collected Works of Erasmus: Paraphrases on the Epistles to the Corinthians, Ephesians, Philippans, Colossians, and Thessalonians, Volume 43

8110:

Klein, Jan Willem; Simoni, Anna E.C. (1994). "Once more the manuscripts of Stein monastery and the copyists of the Erasmiana manuscripts".

7396: 6453:. Erasmus' writings shifted "an intellectual culture from logical disputation about things to quarrels about texts, contexts, and words." 3109: 2927: 996:

In 1478, at the age of 9 (or 12), he and his older brother Peter were sent to one of the best Latin schools in the Netherlands, located at

19070: 15007:

Sebastian Castellio, 1515-1563; Humanist and Defender of Religious Toleration in a Confessional Age; Translated and Edited by Bruce Gordon

13574: 12275: 9032:

Sider, Robert D. (31 December 2019). "A System or Method of Arriving by a Short Cut at True Theology by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam".

6582:

Erasmus did not have a metaphysical bone in his frail body, and had no real feeling for the philosophical concerns of scholastic theology.

6010:

he controversially put it "Monkishness is not piety." At this time, it was better to live as "a monk in the world" than in the monastery.

985:(where young Erasmus may have attended the local vernacular school to learn to read and write) and in 1476 was promoted to vice-curate of 25958: 23710: 19850: 12690: 8401: 7252:, a non-lethal type of Malaria which recurred numerous times for the rest of his life: he attributed his survival to the intercession of 4667:

Opposing this, Erasmus scholar Nathan Ron wrote that Erasmus denigrated Jews by his translation and publication of the complete works of

17560:

Pabel, Himer M. (2013). "Praise and Blame: Peter Canisius's ambivalent assessment of Erasmus". In Enenkel, Karl Alfred Engelbert (ed.).

15779: 12908: 7925:

put intense adolescent and early-adult friendships between monks as natural and useful steps towards "spiritual friendships", following

6922:

in a peacemaking fashion for peacemaking purposes; and any theology that promotes division and warmongering is thereby anti-Christian.

27411: 25880: 25729: 21685: 17312: 16255: 13425: 12560:

Le père du siècle: the early modern reception of Jean Gerson (1363-1429) theological authority between Middle Ages and early modern era

12306: 8899: 6291:

of your flock do not agree either with you or among themselves – indeed though you do not even agree with yourself, since in this same

3873:'s criticism of Erasmus) was arrested by the Spanish Inquisition and had to be ransomed from them by the humanist Archbishop of Toledo 3196:, though whether he actually was accepted for it or took it up is disputed. He studied and taught Greek and researched and lectured on 16527: 14653: 10366: 9423:"If only the Christian church did not attach so much importance to the Old Testament! It is a thing of shadows, given us for a time." 3870: 27456: 27436: 23637: 21527: 21311: 11402:

The Black Death and recurring plague during the late Middle Ages in the County of Hainaut: Differential impact and diverging recovery

10734: 10067:

Rice puts it "Philosophy is felt to be a veil of pretense over an unethical reality...pious disquisitions cannot excuse immorality."

7990:

Erasmus editor Harry Vredeveld argues that the letters are "surely expressions of true friendship", citing what Erasmus wrote in his

6225: 6164: 4428: 1031: 909:: as a prime influencer of European thought through his New Testament and increasing public opposition to aspects of Lutheranism, in 812: 430: 20306: 19396: 27426: 27301: 25076: 23648: 21607: 21271: 14239: 12112: 11364: 6746:, and must take as their model how Christ accommodated the disciples in his interactions with them, and accommodated humans in his 3193: 2579:

and started finding work as a tutor/chaperone to visiting English and Scottish aristocrats. There is no record of him graduating.

842: 21891: 13049: 6936:

explored): the view that Truth belongs to the exuberant, perhaps ecstatic, world of what is foolish, strange, unexpected and even

6123:

Erasmus was one of many scandalized by the sale of indulgences to fund Pope Leo X's projects. His view, given in a 1518 letter to

4096:

library of almost 500 books to Polish humanist Jan Łaski. One of the eventual recipients was the impoverished Protestant humanist

3885: 3852:

fell out of favour with the royal court and lost power within his own organization to friar-theologians. In 1532 Erasmus' friend,

3606:) who together published over 200 works with Erasmus, working with expert scholar-correctors who went on to illustrious careers. 27356: 21461: 14235:

The Reformation in Basel. Oecolampadius. History of the Christian Church, Volume VIII: Modern Christianity. The Swiss Reformation

14001:

Tracey, James (31 December 2010). "The Sponge of Erasmus against the Aspersions of Hutten/ Spongia adversus aspergines Hutteni".

8475: 3358:- Portrait of Peter Gillis or Gilles (1517), half of a diptych with a portrait of Erasmus below, painted as a gift from them for 25674: 21042: 17510: 7232: 6815:, and his view of ecclesiastical authorities—from priests like himself to Church Councils—as necessary mediating peace-brokers. 4668: 4130: 3410:

with an annuity of 200 guilders (over US$ 100,000), rarely paid, and tutored his brother, the teenage future Holy Roman Emperor

27316: 24348: 22631: 18721:

Moore, Michael Edward (13 March 2019). "Truth and Irony: Philosophical Meditations on Erasmus, by Terence J. Martin (Review)".

17832: 17782: 17271:"Erasmus, Luther and the Free Will Debate: Influencing the Philosophy of Management 500 Years on-whether we realise it or not!" 9741: 7685: 6014:

some attacked him, the more offensive he became about what he saw as their political influence and materialistic opportunism.

2697:

Erasmus stayed in England at least three times. In between he had periods studying in Paris, Orléans, Leuven and other cities.

18056: 17295: 15724: 15641: 13933: 11467: 10294:

Philosopher Étienne Gilson has noted "Confronted with the same failure of philosophy to rise above the order of formal logic,

8652:

on the (mostly successful) de-prohibition of Erasmus' works said that he died "as a Catholic having received the sacraments."

7951:

D. F. S. Thomson found two other similar contemporary examples of humanist monks using similar florid idiom in their letters.

7290: 7228: 27376: 25873: 22061: 20822: 20770:. University of Toronto Press, 240 pp. Draws parallels between the two thinkers as voices of moderation with relevance today. 20545: 19664: 18874: 18848: 18511: 18458: 18233: 18180:

Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (Studies and Texts in Antiquity and Christianity 82

17972: 17926: 17473: 17441: 17332: 16784: 16753: 16670: 16615: 16521: 16362: 16195: 15871: 15762: 15700: 15239: 14622: 14409: 14328: 14282: 14189: 14018: 13909: 13828: 13658: 13630: 13551: 13519: 13386:"But for the Voice, the Likeness is Alive": Portraits of Erasmus of Rotterdam and Their Reception among Renaissance Humanists 12760: 12733: 12567: 12456: 12205: 12088: 11977: 11918: 11710: 11413: 11197: 11088:. Vol. 32, no. 1. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Renaissance Society of America. pp. 73–76. 10844: 10379: 9569: 7550: 6044:,) the downplaying of monastic hours, fasts and ceremonies, and a less mendacious approach to gullible pilgrims and tenants. 1238: 12986: 11608: 8584:"I am so weary of this regionI feel that there is a conspiracy to kill meMany hope for war." Letter to Erasmus Schets (1534) 7027:

Both the Old and the New Testament, like two cherubim with wings joined and unanimous voices, repeatedly sing your praise.

3837: 3696:(Pistorius) was the first priest to be executed as a heretic in the Netherlands. In 1529, his French translator and friend 1080:

for over a year. Eventually Erasmus moved to the same abbey as a postulant in or before 1487, around the age of 16 (or 19.)

27406: 27386: 27381: 22231: 17391: 14893: 8140: 6800: 6202: 5891: 5858:.) Historians have noted that Erasmus commended the benefits of immersive, docile scripture-reading in sacramental terms. 3789: 3430: 3379:(pub. 1516) with Erasmus' encouragement, Erasmus editing and perhaps even contributing fragments. His old Cambridge friend 27336: 6641: 5955:

later emerged, had become so clear that many intellectuals and churchmen could not escape the summons to join the debate.

3158:"two lost years", perhaps due to self-censorship of dangerous or disgruntled opinions; he shared lodgings with his friend 78: 27476: 27471: 25408: 25069: 21287: 21036: 20989: 20977: 15517: 15041: 14363: 11217: 11058: 7057: 6608:"They can deal with any text of scripture as with a nose of wax, and knead it into what shape best suits their interest." 5449: 4355: 4322: 3460: 2817: 2793: 1157:, Colet, and Ammonio. No mentions or sexual accusations were ever made of Erasmus during his lifetime. His works notably 416: 20121: 19108: 15960: 12647:

Scheck, Thomas P. (June 2022). "Mark Vessey (ed.), Erasmus on Literature: His Ratio or 'System' of 1518/1519 (Review)".

11113: 8162:

Clarke, Peter (2005). "New sources for the history of the religious life: the registers of the Apostolic Penitentiary".

3483:. His friends and former students and old correspondents were the incoming political elite, and he had risen with them. 3128:

In 1510, Erasmus arrived at More's bustling house, was confined to bed to recover from his recurrent illness, and wrote

1004:(St. Lebuin's Church). Towards the end of his stay there the curriculum was renewed by the new principal of the school, 993:

Peter's inheritance.) Historians who date his birth in 1466 have Erasmus in Utrecht at the choir school at this period.

23934: 22523: 22506: 22175: 21543: 20173: 17073: 14562: 14208: 12962: 8876: 8571: 7371: 7318:

Until Erasmus received his 1505 and 1517 Papal dispensations to wear clerical garb, Erasmus wore versions of the local

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One effect is that scriptural interpretation must be done starting with the teachings and interactions of Jesus in the

6742:

For Erasmus, accommodation is a universal concept: humans must accommodate each other, must accommodate the church and

3920: 3220: 3169:

He assisted his friend John Colet by authoring Greek textbooks and securing members of staff for the newly established

2701: 2667: 1245: 1145:

While at Stein, 18-(or 21-)year-old Erasmus fell in unrequited love, forming what he called a "passionate attachment" (

17: 21852: 11084:

Gleason, John B. (Spring 1979). "The Birth Dates of John Colet and Erasmus of Rotterdam: Fresh Documentary Evidence".

5906:, though Erasmus found the scholastic formulation of transubstantiation to stretch language past its breaking point. 5874:

A test of the Reformation was the doctrine of the sacraments, and the crux of this question was the observance of the

1237:

In 1493, his prior arranged for him to leave the Stein house and take up the post of Latin Secretary to the ambitious

23050: 22081: 22026: 21886: 20664: 20613: 20459: 19294: 18784: 18378: 18341: 18289: 17768: 17610: 17577: 17356: 17175: 16716: 15990: 15487: 15387: 14877: 12817:

Between Saint James and Erasmus: Studies in Late-Medieval Religious Life – Devotion and Pilgrimage in the Netherlands

12523:

Suzanne, Hélène (December 2014). "Conscience in the Early Renaissance: the case of Erasmus, Luther and Thomas More".

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public heretics’. Nowhere else was the destruction by Christian activists so unexpected, violent, swift and complete.

8014: 7169: 5809: 4953: 4680:

Biographer James Tracy points to the antisemitic edge in Erasmus' uncharacteristically vituperative comments against

4377: 3388: 3348:

who introduced him to the Hebrew language in Mainz. In 1514, he suffered a fall from his horse and injured his back.

3236: 1249: 706: 38: 20999: 19682:"Art, history, and rheumatism: the case of Erasmus of Rotterdam 1466-1536 suffering from pustulotic arthro-osteitis" 12446: 10777: 10759: 10201: 8221:

Movingly remembering later, how Alexander would play the monochord, recorder or lute in the afternoon after studies.

4084:(the former cathedral). The Protestant city authorities remarkably allowed his funeral to be an ecumenical Catholic 1023: 26918: 24907: 24827: 24807: 22005: 21733: 21203: 19255: 18699: 16026: 15838: 15345: 14956: 14675: 13327: 12420: 11022: 9537: 9432:"To Erasmus, Judaism was obsolete. To Reuchlin, something of Judaism remained of continuing value to Christianity." 9328: 9172: 7572: 7491: 7410: 6667:, a life lived according to the teachings of Jesus taken as a spiritual-ethical-social-political-legal philosophy: 6059:

He believed the only vow necessary for Christians should be the vow of Baptism, and others such as the vows of the

5967: 4401: 3996:

for impeding Protestantism. Damião de Góis was tried before the Portuguese Inquisition at age 72, detained almost

2976: 2841: 73: 18025: 17042: 16817:"'Non monachus, sed demoniacus': Crime in Medieval Religious Communities in Western Europe, 12th – 15th Centuries" 16423: 13719: 13235: 12136:

THE REVISIONS OF THE ENGLISH HOLY BIBLE: Misunderstandings and Misconceptions about the English Bible Translations

11334: 10106: 9503: 8997: 8746:, 5000 florins could be between US$ 500,000 and US$ 5,000,000; 250 florins could be between $ 25,000 and $ 250,000 8635:(tr. F. Hopman and Barbara Flower; New York: Harper and Row, 1924), p. 190. with the "insider" interpretation of 7128: 5844:) considered as vocations more than events; and for the mysterious Eucharist, pragmatic Confession, the dangerous 3862: 3426: 767:

of translations, books, essays, prayers and letters, he is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the

27481: 26943: 26206: 25924: 25614: 25433: 23703: 23677: 23335: 23248: 22224: 21511: 20914: 14502: 12620: 12057: 9549: 7156: 6577:

Thomas Aquinas inspiring himself on Free Will from the writings of previous theologians such as Augustine. (1652)

5179: 4512: 3728: 3657:

In 1522, Erasmus' compatriot, former teacher (c. 1502) and friend from University of Louvain unexpectedly became

3411: 3093:, advised him which manuscripts to publish, and was an honorary member of the graecophone Aldine "New Academy" ( 2828:

Following his first trip to England, Erasmus returned first to poverty in Paris, where he started to compile the

1057:

satirizes them as the "Collationary Brethren" who select and sort boys for monkhood. He was exposed there to the

824: 22447: 20904:

Discusses both the Toronto translation and the entirely separate Latin edition published in Amsterdam since 1969

17804:

Leushuis, Reinier (2015). "The Paradox of Christian Epicureanism in Dialogue: Erasmus' Colloquy The Epicurean".

17719:

Roberts, Hugh (1 January 2006). "Dogs' Tales: Representations of Ancient Cynicism in French Renaissance Texts".

12192: 11748:

Forrest Tyler Stevens, "Erasmus's 'Tigress': The Language of Friendship, Pleasure, and the Renaissance Letter".

7274:

Various illnesses have been diagnosed of the skeletons claimed to be his, including pustulotic arthro-osteitis,

6162:

In 1520, Erasmus wrote that "Luther ought to be answered and not crushed." However, the publication of Luther's

27421: 27361: 27341: 26868: 25919: 22051: 22046: 21881: 21718: 21695: 21653: 21559: 21403: 21255: 20485: 20433: 20263: 16928:"The Influence of Erasmus upon Melanchthon, Luther and the Formula of Concord in the Doctrine of Justification" 15014: 13268: 11826: 9825: 7821: 7689: 6070:

for all believers, and with more than lip service: for example, the first adage of his reputation-establishing

4748: 4657: 3848:

In the 1530s, life became more dangerous for Spanish Erasmians when Erasmus' protector, the Inquisitor General

1069: 863:

all his life, remaining committed to reforming the church from within. He promoted the traditional doctrine of

830: 395: 210: 20845: 19519:"The Gout of Desiderius Erasmus and Willibald Pirckheimer: Medical Autobiography and Its Literary Reflections" 18314: 17654:

Gianoutsos, Jamie A. (4 May 2019). "Sapientia and Stultitia in John Colet's Commentary on First Corinthians".

10872: 10418:

Erasmus quoted "I have become all things to all men, that I might by all means save some." ( Cor. 9:22, RSV).

8443:

In his own house "Zur alten Treu" which Froben had bought in 1521 and fitted with Erasmus' required fireplace.

7922: 7523:

to solicit Erasmus's support for the Lutheran cause, which Erasmus politely declined. Erasmus wrote a glowing

7495: 7326:, Chapter of Sion, which varied by region and house, unless travelling: in general, a white or perhaps black 7096: 6135: 3609:

His initial interest in Froben's operation was aroused by his discovery of the printer's folio edition of the

1268:

from the vow of poverty to the extent of allowing Erasmus to hold certain benefices, and from the control and

26888: 26568: 25965: 25523: 24797: 24308: 23627: 23460: 23253: 23112: 22963: 22000: 21874: 21535: 21486: 20521: 19310:

Smith, David R (September 2005). "Portrait and Counter-Portrait in Holbein's The Family of Sir Thomas More".

18640:

Pabel, Hilmar M. (1995). "Promoting the Business of the Gospel: Erasmus' Contribution to Pastoral Ministry".

18111:

The Medium was the Message: Classical Rhetoric and the Materiality of Language from Empedocles to Shakespeare

14830: 9781: 9393: 9195: 4993: 4685: 3407: 3317: 3204: 3174: 3104:

In 1507, according to his letters, he studied advanced Greek in Padua with the Venetian natural philosopher,

1104:

Poverty had forced Erasmus into the consecrated life, entering the novitiate in 1487 at the canonry at rural

184: 156: 26984: 25133: 17865: 16225:"Erasmus' attitude to towards Islam in the light of Nicholas of Cusa's De pace fidei and Cribiatio alkorani" 11685: 10429:

Leushuis, Reinier (3 July 2017). "Emotion and Imitation: The Jesus Figure in Erasmus's Gospel Paraphrases".

9939:

Monfasani, John (2012). "Twenty-fifth Annual Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture: Erasmus and the Philosophers".

7972: 5644: 4840: 3447: 3328:, exposed Erasmus to much criticism from those ascetics, academics and clerics hostile to the principles of 2900:

himself offered his support. He was inclined, but eventually did not accept and longed for a stay in Italy.

2715:. There is no record of him gaining any degree. Erasmus was particularly impressed by the Bible teaching of 27351: 27346: 25943: 24867: 24736: 23602: 22056: 21726: 21056: 20656:

Contemporaries of Erasmus: a biographical register of the Renaissance and Reformation; volumes 1 - 3, A - Z

16653:

Williams, David (15 November 2022). "Sacramental Reading: Foxe's Book of Actes and Milton's Fifth Gospel".

9138: 8352: 7861: 7681: 7649: 5802: 5749: 3866: 3688:

In 1523, he provided financial support to the impoverished and disgraced former Latin Secretary of Antwerp

3232: 2980: 18475: 8377: 8028:

But also a capacity to feel betrayal sharply, as with his brother Peter, "Cantellius", Aleander, and Dorp.

7200:

Erasmus was given the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the

6440: 5669: 3947: 3476: 3177:

which called for a reformation of ecclesiastical affairs. At Colet's instigation, Erasmus started work on

3059:

at age 37 (or 40.) Erasmus stayed tutoring in Bologna for a year; in the winter, Erasmus was present when

2734: 1154: 27391: 27331: 27276: 26843: 24169: 23014: 22971: 22501: 22491: 21857: 21822: 21639: 21623: 21454: 21428: 21279: 21196: 17327:, Peter Macardle, Clarence H. Miller, trans., Charles Trinkhaus, ed., University of Toronto Press, 1999, 17219: 15913:"Ad Fontes: Desiderius Erasmus' Call for a Return to the Sources of a Unified and Simple Christian Faith" 12923: 11240: 8649: 7611:

programme as a "key achievement": "Almost 640,000 people studied, trained or volunteered abroad in 2020."

7150: 6823:

For Erasmus, further to accommodating humans in his Incarnation, Christ accommodated humans by a kind of

6735:

Historian Manfred Hoffmann has described accommodation as "the single most important concept in Erasmus'

5489: 4696: 3640:, Erasmus' long-researched project of philological notes of the New Testament along the lines of Valla's 3170: 1050: 774:

Erasmus was an important figure in classical scholarship who wrote in a spontaneous, copious and natural

409: 13072: 10635:

This is quite contrary to Luther's privileging of his scheme of justification, its associated verses of

10497:

However, this may go too far: "The Christian Faith does not recognize either inlibration or inverbation"

9921: 8534:, the humanist preacher who had led the efforts in Basel to resist Œcolampadius. Emerton (1889), p.449. 8058:

The position of Latin Secretary to some great churchman or prince had a long and distinguished history:

7954: 6081:

His main Catholic opposition, during had been from scholars in the mendicant orders. He purported that "

3744:

In Spring early 1530 Erasmus was bedridden for three months with an intensely painful infection, likely

3559: 27446: 26994: 26933: 25896: 25822: 25699: 25050: 23696: 22976: 22641: 22606: 22402: 22010: 21661: 21583: 21481: 21144: 20738: 20096: 17531: 16126: 11967: 10897: 7661: 6747: 6274: 5923: 5679: 4825: 4661: 4282:

In the latter, Lady Peace insists on peace as the crux of Christian life and for understanding Christ:

3468: 3452: 1117: 1045:

In 1484, around the age 14 (or 17), he and his brother went to a cheaper grammar school or seminary at

371: 26757: 26737: 24313: 20675:

Encounters with a Radical Erasmus. Erasmus' Work as a Source of Radical Thought in Early Modern Europe

20626: 17888: 10995:"Erasmus as Adolescent: "Shipwrecked am I, and lost, 'mid waters chill'": Erasmus to Sister Elisabeth" 8523: 7204:". He has also been called "the most illustrious rhetorician and educationalist of the Renaissance". 5429: 4476:, Erasmus concludes that truth is furthered by a more harmonious relationship between interlocutors." 3784:

in Sweden and the Ethiopian church, and stimulated Erasmus' increasing awareness of foreign missions.

1276:, though he remained a priest and, formally, an Augustinian canon regular the rest his life. In 1517, 27451: 24937: 24887: 23817: 23195: 22656: 22106: 22090: 21965: 21812: 20654: 19803: 19729:

Appelboom, T.; Rouffin, C.; Vanherweghem, J. L.; Vanden Branden, J. P.; Ehrlich, G. (December 1986).

18419: 18194: 16317: 16185: 15664: 14821: 14558:

Secret lives, public lies: the conversos and socio-religious non-conformism in the Spanish Golden Age

13009: 11050: 9252:"...in large part half-Christian and perhaps nearer to true Christianity than most of our own folk." 8305:

The lost Reformation: Why Lutheranism failed in England during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI

6882: 6723:

In the view of literary historian Chester Chapin, Erasmus' tendency of thought was "towards cautious

5574: 5379: 4039:

having died, and private practice of his religion now possible) and saw his last major works such as

3939: 2654: 2610: 1005: 477: 20061: 15897:

Adiaphora and the Apocalypse: Protestant Moral Rhetoric of Ritual at the End of History (1990 –2003)

11115:

The Epistles of Erasmus: from his earliest letters to his fifty-first year arranged in order of time

7754:

Vollerthun and Richardson suggest three phases, grouping the first two quarters for their purposes.

7664:

is an "international, interdisciplinary Bachelor of Science programme in Liberal Arts and Sciences."

7108: 6381:

Erasmus wrote books against aspects of the teaching, impacts or threats of several other Reformers:

5838:, and their ramifications: notably for the underappreciated sacraments of Baptism and Marriage (see 4371: 4027:(sister of his former student Archduke Ferdinand I and Emperor Charles V), to move from Freiburg to 1232:

Latin Secretaries became a significant part of Erasmus' later network of correspondents and friends.

1001: 27396: 27371: 27366: 26908: 26101: 25993: 25936: 25326: 25148: 25123: 24927: 24877: 24686: 23976: 23313: 23243: 23064: 22829: 22758: 22753: 22452: 21864: 21789: 20962: 20938: 20583: 15582: 15258:

Chester, Stephen (April 2008). "When the Old Was New: Reformation Perspectives on Galatians 2:16".

13129: 12902: 12893: 10683:"Erasmus saw the scholastic exercise, in its high intellectualism, as fundamentally wrong-headed." 10640: 7721: 7670: 7504: 7419: 7248:

Erasmus was a quite sickly man and frequently worked from his sickbed. As a teenager he contracted

6914:

treats the primary and initial teaching of Jesus in the first Gospel as a theological methodology.

6713: 5094: 4850: 4820: 4506:

Erasmus had been involved in early attempts to protect Luther and his sympathisers from charges of

4297:

A historian has called him "The 16th Century's Pioneer of Peace Education and a Culture of Peace".

3897: 3517: 3434: 3325: 3266: 3151: 2877: 1265: 471: 320: 31: 20595: 19354: 17545: 16066: 13857: 10281: 7231:

in Vallodolid Spain, in 1527 found him not to be a heretic, and he was sponsored and protected by

6989:

properly so called, in which these two fundamental researches yield their fruit; and finally, the

6517:

forth in Sacred Scripture or whatever has been handed down to us by the authority of the Church.

1241:, Henry of Bergen, on account of his great skill in Latin and his reputation as a man of letters. 27431: 27019: 26963: 26883: 26279: 25100: 25007: 24318: 23510: 23225: 23165: 23157: 22854: 22849: 22636: 22621: 22486: 22181: 21615: 21335: 21046: 20622: 20209: 20021: 19935: 15370:

Dunkelgrün, Theodor (16 November 2017). "The Christian Study of Judaism in Early Modern Europe".

14747: 11877: 10723: 9545: 8423: 8344: 7706: 6148: 5944: 5684: 5314: 4941: 4803: 4590: 4276: 4040: 3849: 3677: 3646: 3395: 3185: 2769: 2642: 2565: 1063: 836: 795: 423: 402: 366: 310: 24671: 16499: 11993:

Klein, Jan Willem (21 June 2018). "Copyist B of the Erasmiana Manuscripts in Gouda Identified".

11779: 10532:, that each biblical book requires a different mode of proceeding as history, law, lyric, etc. 7319: 5414: 4404:, whom Erasmus blamed for allegedly preventing the Netherlands from signing a peace treaty with 3884:

There was a generational change in the Catholic hierarchy. In 1530, the reforming French bishop

27104: 27069: 26903: 26522: 26023: 25714: 24293: 24205: 23107: 22926: 22543: 22538: 22247: 22138: 22031: 21766: 21447: 21295: 21247: 21066: 21052: 20952: 20928: 20747:

Biblical Criticism in Early Modern Europe: Erasmus, the Johannine Comma, and Trinitarian Debate

20370: 19820:

Shoes, Boots, Leggings, and Cloaks: The Augustinian Canons and Dress in Later Medieval England

19369: 19062: 18258: 12370:

Pacifism in the English Renaissance, 1497-1530: John Colet, Erasmus, Thomas More and J.L. Vives

12237: 11843: 8502: 7932: 7886: 7627:

is one of Europe's foremost recognitions for culture, society or social science. It was won by

6295:

you say one thing in the beginning and something else later on, recanting what you said before.

6175: 5936: 5883: 5604: 5239: 4976: 4645: 4351: 3713: 3563: 3550: 3337: 3166:' compound, skipping out after a disagreement with the friars over rent that caused bad blood. 3143: 2781: 2746: 2683: 514: 460: 26938: 26898: 26858: 17413: 17398: 17346: 17163: 16639: 12682: 11925: 11178:

Mansfield, Bruce (6 May 2003). "Erasmus in the Twentieth Century: Interpretations 1920-2000".

8393: 5947:

in Latin and Greek (1516). The issues between the reforming and reactionary tendencies of the

3207:

while lecturing at the university, between 1511 and 1515. Erasmus' rooms were located in the "

2546: 179: 27281: 27029: 26948: 26817: 26812: 26762: 26239: 26082: 25931: 25669: 25604: 25418: 25277: 25113: 25012: 25002: 24897: 24423: 24378: 23881: 23642: 23597: 23535: 23525: 22864: 22728: 22573: 22563: 22548: 22496: 21945: 21940: 21841: 21817: 21703: 21631: 19768:

Appelboom, T. (1 June 2004). "Art and history: a large research avenue for rheumatologists".

18604:

Jarrott, C. A. L. (1964). "Erasmus' "In Principio Erat Sermo": A Controversial Translation".

17250: 15861: 15405:"ארסמוס והיהודים – מחקר פסיכו-היסטורי / Erasmus and the Jews — a Psychohistoric Reëvaluation" 14732: 14726: 13541: 10769: 10636: 10299: 9555: 8872: 8636: 7782:

was a scholarly name meaning "from Rotterdam", though the Latin toponymic adjective would be

7590: 6466: 6406: 5469: 5174: 5114: 5089: 4897: 4233:

He (Christ) conquered by gentleness; He conquered by kindness; he conquered by truth itself

4189: 3988:, who he had known as a teenaged student in Paris and Cambridge, was later imprisoned in the 3351: 3013: 2833: 2705: 27074: 20559: 20531: 19157: 19130: 18833:

Biblical Commentary and Translation in Later Medieval England: Experiments in Interpretation

16857: 16563:

Tylenda, Joseph N. (December 1971). "Book Review: Erasmus: His Theology of the Sacraments".

16291: 16224: 16157: 16082: 11878:"Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest and theologian (1466-1536)" 9342: 8891: 6663:, The Education of a Christian Prince and the Colloquies, Erasmus developed his idea of the 6534:

Erasmus wrote in terms of a tri-partite nature of man, with the soul the seat of free will:

5479: 5454: 5010: 4464:

Certain works of Erasmus laid a foundation for religious toleration of private opinions and

1288:

granted, for health reasons, a dispensation to eat meat and dairy in Lent and on fast days.

802:, with annotations and commentary that were immediately and vitally influential in both the 27286: 27205: 27175: 27124: 26802: 26687: 26617: 26407: 26382: 26362: 26342: 26304: 26299: 26264: 26146: 26040: 25807: 25802: 25739: 25684: 25488: 25443: 25378: 25138: 25128: 25092: 25017: 24817: 24278: 23632: 23077: 23009: 22952: 22936: 22921: 22901: 22859: 22733: 22578: 22568: 22553: 22518: 22513: 22481: 21116: 21115:( Publication series: Exhibitions on the History of Nonviolent Resistance, No. 1, Editors: 21113:"War is sweet to those who have no experience of it ..." - Protest against Violence and War 21031: 20517: 16503: 13421: 13409: 12897: 9541: 9401: 9358: 9133:

Erasmus was not out-of-step with opinion within the church: Archbishop Bernard II Zinni of

8519: 7914:

However, note that such crushes or bromances may not have been scandalous at the time: the

6092:

Erasmus did also have significant support and contact with reform-minded friars, including

6067: 6060: 5569: 5359: 5324: 5294: 5264: 5234: 5129: 5025: 4845: 4835: 4756: 4711: 4681: 4526: 4522: 4012: 3724: 3486:

He stayed in various locations including Anderlecht (near Brussels) in the summer of 1521.

3005: 2712: 2470: 1109: 1105: 1097: 1073: 986: 930:

on 27 or 28 October ("the vigil of Simon and Jude") in the late 1460s. He was named after

768: 361: 315: 294: 281: 101: 27190: 26722: 24616: 24403: 24338: 23275: 20720: 16598:

Sider, Robert (31 December 2020). Sider, Robert D. (ed.). "Erasmus on the New Testament".

16445:

Cohen, Jeremy (15 August 2022). "3. The Latin West: From Augustine to Luther and Calvin".

15220:

The Cambridge History of the Bible: Volume 2: The West from the Fathers to the Reformation

15036: 14649: 14639: 12712:

Tinelli, Elisa (January 2018). "Erasmus' Panegyricus ad Philippum Austriae ducem (1504)".

11555:

Demolen, Richard L. (1973). "Erasmus' Commitment to the Canons Regular of St. Augustine".

10726: 8518:

He spent the first two years in Freiburg as a guest of the city in the unfinished mansion

8066:. The position was important but not lucrative, unless a stepping-stone to other offices. 6416:

However, Erasmus maintained friendly relations with other Protestants, notably the irenic

6401:

Responsio ad fratres Inferioris Germaniae ad epistolam apologeticam incerto autoreproditam

6237:

situation worse for all, especially for the humanist reform agenda. He eventually chose a

5664: 4565: 3723:, left Basel on the 13 April 1529 and departed by ship to the Catholic university town of 3215:, continuously begging in letters that his friends send him books and money for teachers. 1211: 539: 8: 27180: 27144: 27114: 26878: 26782: 26622: 26583: 26563: 26491: 26377: 26186: 26029: 26016: 26005: 25709: 25629: 25498: 25242: 25196: 25153: 24857: 24418: 24363: 24283: 24225: 24108: 24003: 23733: 23617: 23318: 23190: 23069: 22738: 22661: 22651: 22528: 22412: 22407: 22204: 21970: 21802: 21676: 21669: 21377: 21170: 21101: 20499: 20191: 19389:"Christian History 145 Erasmus: Christ's humanist by Christian History Institute - Issuu" 19388: 18334:

Collected works of Erasmus: an introduction with Erasmus' prefaces and ancillary writings

17465:

The Hybrid Reformation: A Social, Cultural, and Intellectual History of Contending Forces

15295:

The Hybrid Reformation: A Social, Cultural, and Intellectual History of Contending Forces

13500:"On Good Government: Erasmus's Institutio Principis Christiani versus Lipsius's Politica" 12238:"Theologians and Their Bellies: The Erasmian Epithet Theologaster during the Reformation" 7881: 7144: 7142:

The only works with enduring popularity in modern time are his satires and semi-satires:

6941: 6932: 6894: 6689:

Useful "philosophy" needed to be limited to (or re-defined as) the practical and moral:

6614: 6337: 5994: 5971: 5834:

Erasmus expressed much of his reform program in terms of the proper attitude towards the

5634: 5504: 5384: 5319: 5124: 5052: 4931: 4920: 4855: 4653: 4412: 4199: 4097: 4092: 3924: 3766: 3738: 3701: 3537: 3513: 3418: 3307: 3299: 3049: 2857: 2687: 2638: 2542: 1046: 1035: 818: 807: 549: 544: 534: 388: 189: 27225: 26682: 25553: 18983:

Understanding and Presence: The Literary Achievement of the Early Modern Sermon (Thesis)

18959:

Dialogues between Faith and Reason: The Death and Return of God in Modern German Thought

16899: 14233: 13592: 12104: 11356: 8682: 7559:

Canterbury Cathedral, England has a statue of Erasmus on the North Face, placed in 1870.

7432:

Quinten Metsys (Massijs), medal commissioned by Desiderius Erasmus. 1519, bronze, 105 mm

5559: 5519: 5474: 3066: 2872: 895:

First was his medieval Dutch childhood, ending with his being orphaned and impoverished;

27255: 27195: 26807: 26747: 26717: 26632: 26627: 26496: 26392: 26289: 26269: 26229: 26171: 26136: 26131: 25975: 25842: 25797: 25756: 25751: 25644: 25478: 25458: 25388: 25267: 25247: 24977: 24636: 24601: 24511: 24038: 23871: 23822: 23607: 23565: 23475: 23440: 23215: 23180: 23082: 23024: 22986: 22981: 22817: 22807: 22611: 22583: 22533: 22324: 22284: 22146: 22130: 22122: 22098: 21990: 21916: 21710: 21503: 21263: 21182: 20895: 20887: 19998: 19990: 19706: 19681: 19593: 19538: 19499: 19447: 19327: 19247: 18880: 18757: 18738: 18691: 18613: 18556: 18384: 18299: 18295: 18277: 18239: 18078:

Essary, Kirk (2016). "Fiery Heart and Fiery Tongue: Emotion in Erasmus' Ecclesiastes".

18017: 17774: 17736: 17671: 17034: 17026: 16963: 16955: 16621: 16580: 16543: 16415: 16407: 16247: 16018: 15830: 15706: 15602: 15424: 15337: 15275: 15186: 15112: 15061: 14948: 14850: 14842: 14494: 14415: 14334: 14288: 14152: 13979: 13795: 13711: 13703: 13395:

Ingenium et labor. Studia ofiarowane Profesorowi Antoniemu Ziembie z okazji 60. urodzin

13319: 13201: 13174: 12828: 12664: 12612: 12505: 12412: 12400: 12267: 12049: 12010: 11651: 11580: 11572: 11326: 11279: 11089: 11014: 10962: 10902: 10576: 10525: 10446: 10343: 10180: 10098: 9495: 9312: 9235:"The Non-Cosmopolitan Erasmus: An Examination of his Turkophobic/Islamophobic Rhetoric" 9164: 9055: 8989: 8828: 8725: 8267: 8180:

Subsequent students included Ignatius of Loyola, Noël Béda, Jean Calvin, and John Knox.

7931:

The correct direction of passionate love was also a feature of the spirituality of the

7918: 7872:, these ... associations did not emphasise the institutional aspect of religious life." 7702: 7541: 7201: 6804: 6593: 6185: 6144: 6105: 6041: 5903: 5777: 5704: 5329: 5309: 5279: 5229: 5104: 5099: 5047: 4862: 4456: 4397: 3878: 3874: 3689: 3391:. However, in 1517, his great friend Ammonio died in England of the Sweating Sickness. 3376: 3282: 3278: 3162:(Latin secretary to Mountjoy, and the next year, to Henry VIII) provided at the London 3041: 1199: 1121: 1009: 945: 752: 740: 554: 504: 258: 26989: 26647: 26548: 24586: 23370: 23323: 15895: 15725:"The Field of Cloth of Gold | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces" 15409:

Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies / דברי הקונגרס העולמי למדעי היהדות

13959: 13041: 8648:

This assertion is contradicted by Gonzalo Ponce de Leon speaking in 1595 at the Roman

8422:

Rhenanus shared many humanist contacts from Paris and Strassburg: a former student of

7508:

1523. Erasmus used the Holbein portraits as gifts for his friends in England, such as

7500:

Erasmus frequently gifted portraits and medals with his image to friends and patrons.

7090:) was to make notes on whatever he was reading, categorized by theme: he carted these 6019:

to it, haranguing them in their Sermons, that it is a just, holy and religious War. "

5409: 4641:

suggests that it is probable Erasmus never actually encountered a (practicing) Jew.

4228:"the angels sang not the glories of war, nor a song of triumph, but a hymn of peace.": 3033:

was a major event in his career and prompted Erasmus to study the New Testament using

27185: 27170: 27059: 26923: 26863: 26797: 26792: 26787: 26708: 26677: 26657: 26543: 26501: 26481: 26397: 26357: 26332: 26221: 26191: 26141: 26126: 25854: 25777: 25744: 25724: 25694: 25689: 25558: 25533: 25513: 25508: 25483: 25373: 25358: 25305: 25262: 25234: 24766: 24666: 24631: 24456: 24433: 24428: 24303: 23919: 23909: 23758: 23743: 23719: 23667: 23663: 23545: 23530: 23200: 23147: 23127: 23029: 23019: 22946: 22775: 22765: 22558: 22346: 22266: 21985: 21869: 21807: 21646: 21010: 20899: 20879: 20818: 20660: 20609: 20541: 20505: 20481: 20455: 20429: 20390: 20002: 19982: 19858: 19785: 19750: 19742: 19711: 19660: 19601: 19585: 19546: 19530: 19491: 19439: 19331: 19290: 19239: 18991: 18870: 18844: 18780: 18742: 18683: 18548: 18507: 18454: 18431: 18374: 18337: 18285: 18243: 18229: 18109: 18009: 17968: 17764: 17740: 17675: 17606: 17573: 17502: 17469: 17437: 17352: 17328: 17270: 17171: 17038: 17018: 16967: 16947: 16780: 16712: 16666: 16625: 16611: 16584: 16517: 16419: 16399: 16358: 16251: 16191: 15986: 15867: 15758: 15696: 15606: 15483: 15416: 15383: 15329: 15279: 15235: 15190: 15116: 15065: 15010: 14940: 14873: 14854: 14618: 14530:

The life and career of Thomas Boleyn (1477–1539): courtier, ambassador, and statesman

14486: 14419: 14405: 14359: 14338: 14324: 14292: 14278: 14185: 14144: 14014: 13983: 13905: 13824: 13787: 13715: 13695: 13654: 13626: 13547: 13515: 13499: 13451: 13311: 13206: 12958: 12832: 12756: 12729: 12668: 12604: 12563: 12540: 12497: 12452: 12404: 12271: 12259: 12201: 12194:

Printing and Reading Italian Latin Humanism in Renaissance Europe (ca. 1470-ca. 1540)

12139: 12084: 12014: 11973: 11914: 11822: 11785: 11706: 11643: 11584: 11527: 11409: 11318: 11271: 11193: 11006: 10920:

Avarucci, Giuseppe (1983). "Due codici scritti da 'Gerardus Helye' padre di Erasmo".

10906: 10840: 10580: 10450: 10375: 10295: 10184: 10090: 10055: 10005: 9870: 9717:, wrote "The poison of Erasmus has a much more dangerous effect than that of Luther" 9565: 9487: 9320: 9304: 9156: 9059: 9045: 8865:

The Non-Cosmopolitan Erasmus: An Examination of his Turkophobic/Islamophobic Rhetoric

8717: 8713: 8527: 8390:

England, Flanders, France, and Germany, but even in Poland and Hungary..." quoted in

8259: 8010: 7798: 7771: 7655:

It has the Erasmus Institute for Philosophy and Economics (EIPE), which produces the

7601: 7586: 7545: 7260: 7071: 6831:

spiritual more than academic exercise. Erasmus' has been called rhetorical theology (

6596:: in particular the curriculum and systematic methods of the post-Aquinas Schoolmen ( 6592:

He usually eschewed metaphysical, epistemological and logical philosophy as found in

6550: 6385: 6378:

was "was precisely what Erasmus disliked about Luther" and "Protestant polemicists."

6097: 6082: 5899: 5789: 5689: 5614: 5599: 5594: 5564: 5534: 5499: 5494: 5419: 5349: 5259: 5030: 4793: 4715: 4691:

Unusually for a Christian theologian of any time, he perceived and championed strong

4553: 4480: 4405: 4305:

religious ideal—constantly aspired to if seldom attained—was peace and mutual love."

4224: 4126: 3981: 3977: 3909: 3841: 3772:

Despite increasing frailty Erasmus continued to work productively, notably on a new

3599: 3505: 3341: 3303: 3254: 2963: 2821: 2650: 2622: 2486: 1273: 1203: 1027: 941: 931: 748: 564: 356: 346: 27004: 26913: 26742: 26732: 25428: 24536: 24230: 23170: 20692:

Exploiting Erasmus: The Erasmian Legacy and Religious Change in Early Modern England

18178:

Townsend, Philippa; Denzey Lewis, Nicola; Jenott, Lance; Iricinschi, Eduard (2013).

17778: 17758: 17490: 14605:

Erasmus, Desiderius (31 December 2021). Estes, James M.; Dalzell, Alexander (eds.).

11951: 11938: 11819:

Richard III's books: ideals and reality in the life and library of a medieval prince

9745: 9231:

such nefarious activities, and regarded them as inseparable from waging a crusade."

8832: 8801:

Visser, Arnoud (2017). "Irreverent Reading: Martin Luther as Annotator of Erasmus".

7515: 7471: 6762:"In the beginning was the Word" more like "In the beginning was Speech: using Latin 5654: 5459: 3970: 3472: 3406:). Regarding the last, Erasmus had accepted an honorary position as a Councillor to 3270: 3085:

Erasmus travelled on to Venice, working on an expanded version of his Adagia at the

2789: 1207: 1175: 1039: 27094: 27089: 27014: 26999: 26979: 26767: 26692: 26553: 26437: 26422: 26402: 26347: 26327: 26314: 26259: 26151: 25983: 25679: 25664: 25609: 25599: 25493: 25423: 25413: 25300: 25285: 25108: 25022: 24696: 24656: 24646: 24596: 24581: 24571: 24531: 24491: 24481: 24358: 24328: 24288: 24174: 24010: 23988: 23778: 23768: 23570: 23433: 23403: 23393: 23388: 23285: 23270: 22916: 22812: 22646: 22466: 22437: 22376: 22314: 21980: 21960: 21924: 21797: 21230: 21019: 20871: 20788: 20382: 20284: 19974: 19777: 19701: 19693: 19652: 19629: 19577: 19431: 19350: 19323: 19319: 19282: 19231: 19153: 19028: 18987: 18962: 18939: 18911: 18836: 18730: 18649: 18586: 18540: 18499: 18366: 18221: 18087: 18048: 18001: 17960: 17813: 17728: 17663: 17636: 17598: 17565: 17429: 17200: 17145: 17116: 17010: 16939: 16880: 16704: 16658: 16603: 16572: 16509: 16450: 16391: 16350: 16239: 15822: 15750: 15594: 15475: 15452: 15375: 15298: 15267: 15227: 15178: 15147: 15104: 15093:"Two Erasmuses and Two Luthers: Erasmus' strategy in defense of De libero arbitrio" 15053: 14987: 14834: 14789: 14645: 14610: 14534: 14478: 14447: 14397: 14316: 14270: 14177: 14006: 13971: 13925: 13897: 13687: 13618: 13507: 13471: 13463: 13417: 13303: 13227: 13196: 13186: 12820: 12721: 12656: 12596: 12532: 12396: 12317: 12249: 12166: 12041: 12002: 11946: 11564: 11459: 11387:

Geloven in de Lage landen; scharniermomenten in de geschiedenis van het Christendom

11310: 11185: 10892: 10884: 10832: 10809: 10671: 10568: 10438: 10277: 10172: 10082: 9997: 9948: 9862: 9479: 9037: 8818: 8810: 8709: 8663: 8531: 8309: 8119: 7635: 7466: 7388: 7051: 6902: 6493:(rhetoric, political education, syncretism.) However, his Christianized version of 6101: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5694: 5624: 5549: 5374: 5284: 5189: 5164: 5134: 4902: 4810: 4673: 4160: 4028: 3985: 3966: 3893: 3749: 3720: 3697: 3541: 3529: 3459:

arriving at left. The figure on horseback with raised sword ahead of Henry VIII is

3441: 3329: 3262: 2997: 2967: 2959: 2947: 2935: 2785: 2777: 2646: 2541:

In 1495 with Bishop Henry's consent and a stipend, Erasmus went on to study at the

2498: 1223: 1195: 764: 756: 639: 559: 509: 44: 27210: 27099: 26838: 26637: 24691: 20047:

Erasmus, Europe and Cosmopolitanism: the Humanist Image and Message in his Letters

19781: 17964: 17918: 17667: 17103:

van Kooten, George; Payne, Matthew; Rex, Richard; Bloemendal, Jan (6 March 2024).

16745: 15231: 12336: 11526:, Translated by Clarence H. Miller, University of Toronto Press, pp. xiv–xv, 10442: 8613:

and formally complaining about the protestantized English translation of Erasmus'

8241: 7810:"Poverty stricken, suffering from quartan fever, and pressurized by his guardians" 7078:'s household has been called "the first real biography in the real modern sense." 5866: 4441: 3285: • Jan van Borssele • Jean de Neve • 1120:. In 1488–1490, the surrounding region was plundered badly by armies fighting the 855: 27220: 27109: 27044: 27034: 26958: 26853: 26848: 26752: 26727: 26558: 26538: 26511: 26506: 26476: 26417: 26161: 25988: 25787: 25463: 25453: 25448: 25363: 25331: 25321: 24972: 24967: 24731: 24676: 24661: 24641: 24621: 24576: 24551: 24461: 24413: 24398: 24298: 24258: 24149: 24144: 23971: 23859: 23773: 23748: 23577: 23560: 23515: 23505: 23450: 23423: 23360: 23355: 23340: 23265: 23001: 22991: 22626: 22616: 22417: 22294: 22167: 21370: 20535: 20495: 20338: 19804:"Four canons with Sts Augustine and Jerome by an open grave, with the Visitation" 19277:

Tello, Joan (25 January 2023). "Catalogue of the Works of Erasmus of Rotterdam".

17540: 17348:

Erasmus and the Middle Ages: The Historical Consciousness of a Christian Humanist

16884: 16279: 16106:

Remer, Gary (1989). "Rhetoric and the Erasmian Defense of Religious Toleration".

15598: 14353: 14095:"Pope Adrian VI, the 'Barbarian From the North' Who Wanted to Reform the Vatican" 13814: 12978: 12750: 12725: 11908: 11599: 11521: 10957:

Vredeveld, Harry (Winter 1993). "The Ages of Erasmus and the Year of his Birth".

10781: 10763: 9866: 9814:"Hercules, Silenus and the Fly: Lucian's Rhetorical Paradoxes in Erasmus' Ethics" 9561: 9354: 9266:

Remer, Gary (1989). "Rhetoric and the Erasmian Defense of Religious Toleration".

9217:

commended that the punishment of the early church for heresy was excommunication.

8685:) noting Erasmus' stipulation that this was "as the (Catholic) Church believes." 8431: 8427: 8144: 8004: 7136: 6601: 6553:, Erasmus was the first modern scholar "to note the similarities between Plato's 6505: 6421: 5948: 5940: 5714: 5674: 5619: 5554: 5544: 5514: 5509: 5484: 5439: 5424: 5404: 5344: 5289: 5219: 5154: 4393: 4363: 4163:

against which the failures of Christian culture can be exposed and criticized."

4051: 3989: 3962: 3946:, who Erasmus and More had first met as a boy. Despite illness Erasmus wrote the 3858: 3762: 3626: 3533: 3509: 3501: 3422: 3380: 3345: 3295: 3286: 2955: 2658: 2618: 2572: 2564:

humanism. For instance, Erasmus became an intimate friend of an Italian humanist

2469:

Erasmus traveled widely and regularly, for reasons of poverty, "escape" from his

1183: 1171: 1134: 1058: 1020:(Rotterdam?) where he was supported by Berthe de Heyden, a compassionate widow. 860: 779: 744: 609: 529: 519: 466: 26652: 18981: 16513: 16243: 15456: 15218:

Bouyer, Louis (1969). "Erasmus in Relation to the Medieval Biblical Tradition".

13163: 12866:, Ed. H.M. Allen, (Oxford University Press, 1937), Ep. 3032: 219–22; 2682: 8–13. 12845:

Murray, Stuart. 2009. The library: an illustrated history. Chicago, ALA Editions

12600: 12536: 12045: 9672:

connotes more than just good, but also moral, honest and brave literature. Such

8380:

had similar values. However, there is no single modern equivalent exchange rate.

8137: 4648:

could not be sustained in Erasmus' public writings. Erasmus was (theologically)

4616:

However, there is a wide range of scholarly opinion on the extent and nature of

2892:'s house, now a lawyer and Member of Parliament, honing his translation skills. 1230: • Pierre Barbier • Lambert Grunnius (fictitious) 27049: 27024: 26953: 26893: 26667: 26662: 26642: 26597: 26432: 26427: 26372: 26294: 26274: 26211: 26087: 25948: 25865: 25649: 25594: 25383: 25204: 25027: 24917: 24847: 24746: 24721: 24591: 24561: 24521: 24486: 24343: 24268: 24253: 24248: 24139: 24129: 23839: 23790: 23550: 23540: 23480: 23428: 23365: 23260: 23185: 23142: 23122: 22911: 22787: 22748: 22442: 22432: 22427: 22351: 21835: 21776: 21771: 21599: 21567: 21006: 20561:

Erasmus and the Age of Reformation,with a Selection from the Letters of Erasmus

20555: 20147: 18884: 18864: 18590: 17325:

Collected Works of Erasmus, Controversies: De Libero Arbitrio / Hyperaspistes I

16708: 16576: 15826: 15447:

Ron, Nathan (2019). "Erasmus' and Las Casas' Conception of Barbarian Peoples".

13467: 13452:"Erasmus: The 16th Century's Pioneer of Peace Education and a Culture of Peace" 12321: 11601:

Imitations of Christ: Ignatius of Loyola, Philip Neri and the influence of the

10773:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 10 August 2019 from New Advent: 10572: 10176: 9925:

as well as with an allergy to dogmatic formulations and an appreciation of the

9898: 9693: 9685: 9677: 9383: 9375: 9134: 9019: 8628: 8509:, op. cit., p26, says that Œcolampadius wanted to drive Erasmus from the city. 8466: 8453: 8063: 8041: 7767: 7615: 7594: 7534: 7518:

also produced portraits of Erasmus, whom he met three times, in the form of an

7509: 7415: 7404: 7380: 7348: 7271:(which had killed his parents) but several others diagnosed as not the plague. 7132: 6808: 6429: 5879: 5709: 5699: 5524: 5444: 5434: 5304: 5244: 4998: 4971: 4936: 4872: 4785: 4638: 4594: 4109: 4063: 4055: 4023:

When his strength began to fail, he finally decided to accept an invitation by

3905: 3889: 3830: 3748:, that, unusually for him, left him too ill to work. He declined to attend the 3658: 3525: 3480: 3355: 3212: 3159: 3137: 3105: 3094: 3090: 3060: 2993: 2943: 2939: 2919: 2915: 2897: 2773: 2720: 2671: 2614: 2606: 2602: 1261: 1191: 1146: 1125: 937: 799: 791: 727: 569: 263: 243: 27134: 21955: 21397:

The first tome or volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the newe testamente

20972: 20957: 20933: 19851:"Some Uses of Experiment for Understanding Early Knitting and Erasmus' Bonnet" 19656: 19286: 19235: 18966: 18840: 18734: 18388: 18358: 18091: 17817: 17732: 17640: 17602: 17569: 17204: 17149: 17121: 17104: 16662: 16454: 16354: 15784:

The Social and Psychological Underpinnings of Commercial Arbitration in Europe

15710: 15690: 15479: 15379: 15302: 15151: 15057: 14451: 14401: 14320: 14274: 14181: 14170:

Rublack, Ulinka (2017). "People and Networks in the Age of the Reformations".

14010: 13975: 13511: 12824: 12254: 12006: 11213: 10888: 10836: 10827:

Olin, John (23 October 2020). "Introduction: Erasmus, a Biographical Sketch".

10813: 10001: 9952: 9893:"Despite a lack of formal philosophical training and an antipathy to medieval 9041: 8799:

His mode of expression made him "slippery like a snake" according to Luther -

8343:

Historians have speculated that Erasmus passed on to More an early version of

5659: 4408:

and other schemes to cause wars in order to extract money from his subjects.

3781: 3700:

was burnt in Paris, following his condemnation as an anti-Rome heretic by the

3636:

In collaboration with Froben and his team, the scope and ambition of Erasmus'

3040:

In 1506 they passed through Turin and he arranged to be awarded the degree of

2571:

During this time, Erasmus developed a deep aversion to exclusive or excessive

27270: 27230: 27200: 27129: 26822: 26777: 26516: 26486: 26387: 26367: 26352: 26244: 26234: 26121: 26034: 25719: 25574: 25518: 25473: 25353: 25295: 25209: 25158: 25143: 25032: 24741: 24726: 24716: 24701: 24651: 24606: 24566: 24501: 24496: 24466: 24333: 24273: 24215: 23939: 23753: 23520: 23445: 23328: 23308: 23220: 23175: 22386: 22114: 21784: 21470: 21408: 20883: 20844:(U of Toronto Press, 1974–2023). 84/86 volumes published as of mid 2023; see 20394: 19986: 19862: 19746: 19589: 19534: 19495: 19465: 19443: 19243: 19096: 18687: 18552: 18503: 18435: 18420:"Religion and Right in the Philosophia Christriana of Erasmus from Rotterdam" 18013: 17506: 17136:

Cummings, Brian (1 January 2013). "Erasmus and the Invention of Literature".

17022: 16951: 16403: 15420: 15333: 15271: 14944: 14490: 14148: 13791: 13699: 13315: 13191: 12608: 12544: 12501: 12408: 12263: 11647: 11322: 11275: 11245: 11010: 10774: 10756: 10351: 10267: 10094: 9934: 9930: 9926: 9894: 9491: 9308: 9160: 8966: 8771:

Erkenntnis und Verwirklichung der wahren Theologie nach Erasmus von Rotterdam

8721: 8297: 8263: 8009:, Translated by Clarence H. Miller, University of Toronto Press, p. xv, 7865: 7624: 7567: 7452:'s "Death is the ultimate boundary of things," which re-casts the motto as a 7384: 7323: 7249: 6140: 6063:, while admirable in intent and content, were now mainly counter-productive. 5952: 5609: 5539: 5354: 5339: 5299: 5214: 5169: 5159: 5020: 4946: 4892: 4867: 4081: 4036: 4017: 3958: 3916: 3693: 3595: 3579: 3540: • Gilbert Cousin • Jakob Näf • 3384: 3368: 3258: 3163: 3026: 3001: 2801: 2768:

Jean Vitrier (or Vourier) • Jacob/James Batt •

2679: 2630: 2626: 2576: 2557: 2553: 1219: 1077: 868: 499: 225: 140: 21093: 20386: 20016: 19930: 19435: 19148:

Scheck, Thomas P. (17 February 2022). "The Influence of Origen on Erasmus".

19032: 18943: 18915: 18653: 17463: 15948: 14793: 14706: 14556: 14171: 13307: 10603:

to enter," Erasmus warned, "else you might bump your head and bounce back!"

9668: 8667: 8123: 6750:; which in turn merely reflects the eternal mutual accommodation within the 4344: 3818:(1534) which would be one of Erasmus' most popular and most hijacked works. 3063:

entered victorious into the conquered Bologna which he had besieged before.

2888:

For Erasmus' second visit, he spent over a year staying at recently married

27215: 27154: 27064: 26873: 26533: 26337: 26176: 26116: 25792: 25634: 25579: 25252: 24711: 24706: 24681: 24611: 24546: 24506: 24476: 24471: 24383: 24373: 24263: 23998: 23993: 23981: 23902: 23888: 23812: 23465: 23455: 23418: 23408: 23398: 23290: 23205: 23137: 23034: 22698: 22422: 22371: 22066: 21975: 21551: 21319: 21158: 21097: 20729: 20634: 19789: 19730: 19605: 18493: 18370: 15182: 15108: 14538: 13210: 12660: 12385:"Dean Colet's Convocation Sermon and the Pre-Reformation Church in England" 11314: 9714: 9286: 8526:

this rent, and that of another refugee from Basel in his house, his fellow

7454: 7307: 7253: 7178:

Holbein's studies of Erasmus's hands, in silverpoint and chalks, ca. 1523 (

7091: 6736: 6494: 6397: 5734: 5274: 5149: 4988: 4649: 4617: 4388:

He spoke more freely about this matter in letters sent to his friends like

4085: 3734: 3521: 3274: 3133: 3086: 3071: 2931: 2797: 2634: 2556:, of whose rigors he complained. The university was then the chief seat of 1215: 1187: 1179: 906: 599: 55: 27139: 26928: 20509: 19754: 19728: 19715: 19550: 18930:

Marius, Richard (1998). "Eleventh-Annual Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture".

18225: 17433: 16607: 15754: 14991: 14614: 13901: 13622: 12901: 11189: 10544:

comes from Origen and was also picked up by Melanchthon. Saarinen, Risto.

9324: 7208:

By the 1570s, "Everyone had assimilated Erasmus to one extent or another."

6795:

In this light, Erasmus' ability to have friendly correspondence with both

4739: 3394:

In 1516, Erasmus published the first edition of his scholarly Latin-Greek

3225: 1227: 1124:

of succession and then suffered a famine. Erasmus professed his vows as a

27149: 27119: 27084: 27079: 27054: 27039: 27009: 26607: 26602: 26579: 26471: 26466: 26447: 26412: 26322: 26111: 25812: 25624: 25619: 25584: 25548: 25543: 25538: 25528: 25503: 25468: 25403: 25393: 24992: 24787: 24761: 24756: 24556: 24541: 24408: 24388: 24368: 24220: 24195: 24154: 24015: 23924: 23914: 23876: 23834: 23797: 23763: 23485: 23470: 23350: 23345: 22891: 22824: 22743: 22708: 22688: 22356: 22216: 22198: 22041: 21932: 21761: 21756: 21105: 20854:(U of Toronto Press, 1975–2023), 21/21 volumes down to 1536 are published 20371:"The Allegation of Erasmus' Syphilis and the Question of His Burial Site" 19697: 18581:

Hoffmann, Manfred (July 1991). "Erasmus on Language and Interpretation".

16380:"Review of Opera Omnia. vo. V-2. Opera Omnia vol. V-3. Opera Omnia. II-4" 15166: 15092: 14819:

Hoffmann, Manfred (Summer 1989). "Faith and Piety in Erasmus's Thought".

14725: 13296:

Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History

10529: 10464: 10142: 9966: 9411: 7949:

Erasmus used similar expressions in letters to other friends at the time.

7713: 7696: 7403:. The ring was also depicted in a portrait of his by the Flemish painter 7311: 7075: 6945: 6930:

Another important concept to Erasmus was "the Folly of the Cross" (which

6796: 6597: 6417: 6093: 6086: 5744: 5739: 5649: 5639: 5629: 5529: 5369: 5364: 5334: 5269: 5249: 4885: 4789: 4577: 4450: 4389: 4168: 3935: 3931: 3901: 3662: 3622: 3372: 3359: 3189: 3147: 2889: 2745:, and whose intellect had been developed by his powerful patron Cardinal 2742: 2738: 2724: 2675: 2594: 2561: 1285: 962: 958: 872: 850: 803: 760: 524: 494: 238: 22277: 21130: 19542: 19518: 19503: 19479: 19451: 19419: 19251: 19219: 18695: 18671: 18213: 16469: 16022: 16006: 15834: 15810: 15428: 15404: 15341: 15317: 14952: 14929:"Erasmus and the Cracow Humanists: The Purchase of His Library by Łaski" 14928: 14870:

Between Saint James and Erasmus: Studies in Late Medieval Religious Life

14528: 13799: 13775: 13410:"The Thomism of Bartolomé de Las Casas and the Indians of the New World" 13323: 13291: 12416: 12384: 12081:

The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2204-2356 (August 1529-July 1530)

11655: 11631: 11283: 11259: 11179: 11018: 10994: 10806:

The Idea of International Society: Erasmus, Vitoria, Gentili and Grotius

10128:"For I am ready to swear that Epimenides came to life again in Scotus." 9742:"The differences between Erasmus and Luther in their approach to reform" 9316: 9292: 9239:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi (Academic Journal of History and Idea)

9168: 9144: 8729: 8697: 8271: 8247: 7618:

project is aimed at attracting non-European students to study in Europe.

7486:

Commemorative coins or medals of Erasmus by Göbel, Georg Wilhelm (1790)

6712:

Three key distinctive features of the spirituality Erasmus proposed are

6040:

requiring work not begging (reflecting the practice of his own order of

3650:

and pirated individually throughout Europe— then finally his amplified

27235: 26612: 26528: 26196: 26056: 25817: 25639: 25290: 25118: 24997: 24957: 24526: 24516: 24393: 24323: 24210: 24179: 24159: 24103: 24098: 24053: 23948: 23413: 23210: 23132: 23117: 22906: 22876: 22839: 22797: 22792: 22723: 22361: 22036: 21995: 21303: 21188: 20891: 20859: 19731:"Can a diagnosis be made in retrospect? The case of Desiderius Erasmus" 19597: 19565: 18617: 18560: 18528: 18021: 17989: 17955:

Boyle, Marjorie O'rourke (25 November 1999). "Evangelism and Erasmus".

17275:

Conference: Philosophy of Management Conference University of Greenwich

17030: 16998: 16959: 16927: 16703:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press: 28–38. 16411: 16379: 15863:

Holland Under Habsburg Rule, 1506-1566: The Formation of a Body Politic

15009:. Hants England; Burlington, Vermont, USA: Ashgate Publishing Limited. 14846: 14156: 14132: 13707: 13675: 13350: 13219: 12509: 12485: 12170: 11576: 11500: 11330: 11298: 11093: 10966: 10255: 10102: 10070: 9499: 9467: 8993: 8977: 8823: 8814: 7915: 7677: 7346:(cape), perhaps with an asymmetrical black cope of cloth or sheepskin ( 7268: 6898: 6812: 6633:(Not to be confused with his Italian contemporary Chrysostom Javelli's 6509: 6501: 6470: 6124: 5845: 5835: 5194: 4907: 4815: 4533: 4248: 4074: 3943: 3719:

Erasmus, in company with other Basel Catholic priests including Bishop

3681: 3618: 3456: 3054: 3021: 2989: 2716: 2711:

During his first visit to England in 1499, he studied or taught at the

2598: 2550: 1277: 1093: 351: 230: 144: 25061: 19994: 19962: 17311:(Assertion of all the Articles condemned by the Bull of Leo X, 1520), 17309:

Assertio omnium articulorum per bullam Leonis X. novissimam damnatorum

14498: 14466: 13476: 12616: 12584: 12053: 12029: 9124:"Erasmus and Vives ruled out conquests and annexation of territories." 8606:

During which he occupied himself copying out quotations from Erasmus'

7174: 6432:

commented: "Certainly there was no lack of eggs for Luther to hatch."

4300:

Erasmus' emphasis on peacemaking reflects a typical pre-occupation of

2490: 26771: 26457: 26051: 25782: 25654: 25037: 24987: 24751: 24626: 24353: 24124: 24048: 23955: 23929: 23849: 23555: 23280: 23102: 22931: 22896: 22881: 22844: 22261: 21828: 21347: 12162:

Apostolic theology and humanism at the University of Paris, 1490–1540

12160: 10238:

as taught by Erasmus has never been factual reality; wherever it was

9910: 9906: 8936:

conveniently ignored the anti-semitic aspect of Erasmus’ statement."

8313: 8244:, the former tutor of Prince Arthur, had promised to cover the rent. 7926: 7688:(CJEU). The building houses the chambers of the judges of the CJEU's 7628: 7608: 7563: 7519: 7475: 7392: 7303: 6774: 6490: 6482: 6478: 6462: 6392: 6266: 6262: 6117: 5968:

criticism of clerical corruption and abuses within the Western Church

5875: 4926: 4830: 4557: 4465: 4252: 4204: 4047: 3993: 3810:(1533) which sold out in three hours at the Frankfurt Book Fair, and 3712:

Following sudden, violent, iconoclastic rioting in early 1529 led by

3603: 3034: 2853: 2749:(d. 1500) who had famously attempted reforms of English monasteries. 927: 880: 876: 864: 849:

Erasmus lived against the backdrop of the growing European religious

783: 454: 341: 97: 23688: 20875: 20799:

Erasmo y España: Estudios Sobre la Historia Espiritual del Siglo XVI

20641:. Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul. Garden City Publishing Co., Inc 20428:(Reprinted in paperback ed.). Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press. 19871: 19581: 19347:

Printed Commonplace-Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought

19175: 18899: 18774: 18544: 18336:. Toronto Buffalo (N.J.) London: University of Toronto press. 2019. 18177: 18005: 17593:

Traninger, Anita (25 January 2023). "Erasmus and the Philosophers".

17014: 16943: 16395: 15633: 14838: 13691: 13384: 13265:

Queens' College Cambridge. Queens' Rare Book and Special Collections

13042:"Erasmian Perspectives on Copyright: Justifying a Right to Research" 11568: 10086: 9992:

Traninger, Anita (25 January 2023). "Erasmus and the Philosophers".

9813: 9483: 9234: 8198:

According to theologian Thomas Scheck "In the fuller context of the

7813: 7527:

about the artist, likening him to famous Greek painter of antiquity

7363:

All Erasmus' portraits show him wearing a knitted scholar's bonnet.

5840: 3594:. He developed a lasting association with the great Basel publisher 3570: 1158: 27250: 26671: 26249: 26201: 26106: 26096: 26066: 26046: 26010: 25837: 25734: 25704: 25398: 25257: 25224: 24962: 24438: 24164: 24134: 24093: 24088: 23854: 23829: 23622: 23612: 23097: 23092: 23087: 23039: 22886: 22802: 22770: 22683: 22675: 22366: 22341: 22309: 22304: 22071: 21846: 21177: 21082: 21078: 20739:

Fatal Discord - Erasmus, Luther, and the Fight for the Western Mind

20680: 20045: 19978: 19633: 17691:"Erasmus and Christian Cynicism as Cultural Context for Toleration" 15171:

Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History

14482: 14438:

van Herwaarden, Jan (2012). "Erasmus and the Non-Christian World".

11727: 10347: 10042: 9915: 9806:(“true religion ought to be the most cheerful thing in the world”; 9710: 8654:

Menchi, Silvana Seidel (2000). "Sixteenth-Annual Bainton Lecture".

8522:

and was indignant when an attempt was made to charge back-rent: he

7814:"The Making of Erasmus's New Testament and Its English Connections" 7725: 7524: 7400: 7275: 6940:

to us, rather than to the frigid worlds which intricate scholastic

6759: 6486: 6474: 5772: 5139: 5109: 5015: 5005: 4983: 4912: 4561: 4541:

expedient. Above all they should have guarded against all sedition.

4436: 4244: 3854: 2923: 2530: 997: 914: 731:; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as 253: 21592:

The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics

15692:

Blessed Are the Peacemakers: Pacifism, Just War, and Peacebuilding

13776:"The Concept of Scholar-Publisher in Renaissance: Johannes Froben" 13231: 10270:'s statement "the greatest philosopher is none other than Christ." 9857:

Baker-Smith, Dominic (1994). "Uses of Plato by Erasmus and More".

9773: 8303: 4576:

The focus of most of his political writing was about peace within

4536:

included a particular dislike for sedition, which caused warfare:

883:

approach disappointed, and even angered, partisans in both camps.

67: 26703: 26442: 26181: 26156: 26071: 25999: 25953: 25219: 25214: 24063: 23844: 23802: 23785: 22871: 22782: 22703: 22693: 22336: 22289: 21165: 20984: 20631:. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press 19206:

131 Christians Everyone Should Know. Nashville: Holman Reference,

17859: 17462:

Ocker, Christopher (2022). "Erasmus and Biblical Scholasticism".

13820: 12134:

Andrews, Edward D.; Lightfoot, J.B.; Kenyon, Frederic G. (2022).

11765: 10667: 10303: 9468:"Forgiveness and Consolation in the Religious Thought of Erasmus" 9397: 8570:

Erasmus writing a moving letter to William Blount's teenaged son

7857: 7717: 7528: 7327: 6890: 6778: 6751: 5895: 5119: 5084: 5042: 5037: 4916: 3908:(widely tipped as the next pope) died, and his old ally Cardinal 3904:(the "inclement Clement") died, his recent Italian ally Cardinal 3826: 3807:

A Playne and Godly Exposition or Declaration of the Commune Crede

3575: 3332:

and religious reform to which he was devoting his life. In 1514,

2951: 2836:

at St Omer (1501,1502) where he wrote the initial version of the

2522: 2502: 2494: 2474: 1088: 982: 787: 21439: 20815:

Esortazione alla filosofia. La Paraclesis di Erasmo da Rotterdam

20523:

Life and Letters of Erasmus: lectures delivered at Oxford 1893-4

18900:"Icarus of Basel? Oecolampadius and the Early Swiss Reformation" 18866:

Remembering the Reformation: Martin Luther and Catholic Theology

18831:

Kraebel, Andrew (2020). "Interpretive Theories and Traditions".

17408:"Circumspice populum istum Euangelicum…" Latin text in Erasmus, 17170:. Vol. 10. University of Toronto Press. 1992. p. 380. 16802:

The Modern Devotion: Confrontation with Reformation and Humanism

16068:

Life and letters of Erasmus: lectures delivered at Oxford 1893–4

15985:(University Park: University of Pennsylvania Press 1996), p. 95 15042:"Truth and Irony: Philosophical Meditations on Erasmus (Review)" 10495:

Margaret O'Rourke Boyle sees it as "The text was real presence."

6850:" ("nothing is to be sought in the sacred letters but Christ"). 6334:

An epistle against those who falsely boast they are Evangelicals

4581:

rule, no forced conversions, and keeping promises made to them.

3668: 3192:, arranged for Erasmus to be (or to study to prepare to be) the 26284: 26166: 26061: 25761: 25368: 24982: 24073: 24043: 23895: 23807: 23738: 22941: 22834: 22713: 21363: 21119:, Dominique Miething). Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, 2022. 20754:

Erasmus and the “Other”: On Turks, Jews, and Indigenous Peoples

20659:(Paperback, ed.). Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press. 2003. 20062:"Quinten Massys (1465/6-1530) - Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536)" 17889:"Philosophy and Religion in service of the Philosophia Christi" 16347:

Erasmus and the "Other": On Turks, Jews, and Indigenous Peoples

15470:

Martin, Terence J. (25 January 2023). "Erasmus and the Other".

14780:

Kusukawa, Sachiko (2003). "Nineteenth-Annual Bainton Lecture".

9406: 8974:, which he upbraided for their moral and spiritual uselessness. 8743: 8369: 8149:

The Two Lost Years of Erasmus: Summary, Review, and Speculation

8059: 8047:

The Two Lost Years of Erasmus: Summary, Review, and Speculation

7818:

Sparks and Lustrous Words: Literary Walks, Cultural Pilgrimages

7449: 7343: 7331: 7179: 7005: 6777:" (or "slippery squid") and Christ, who was "more mutable than 6450: 5224: 5184: 5144: 4507: 4473: 4001: 3877:, also a correspondent of Erasmus', who had previously rescued 3614: 3591: 3197: 3108:. He found employment tutoring and escorting Scottish nobleman 3075: 2881: 2845: 2518: 981:

In 1471 his father became the vice-curate of the small town of

248: 220: 215: 16777:

European History in Perspective: The Long European Reformation

14607:

The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2940 to 3141, Volume 21

9738:

Another commentator: "Erasmus laid the egg that Luther broke"

8956:

Letter to Carondelet: The Preface to His Edition of St. Hilary

8189:

Some of these visits were interrupted by trips back to Europe.

8108:

The canonry burnt down in 1549 and the canons moved to Gouda.

3417:

In 1517, he supported the foundation at the university of the

663: 25589: 24083: 24078: 24058: 23866: 22718: 22271: 16900:"Make Haste Slowly: Aldus and Erasmus, Printers and Scholars" 13858:"Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam (Hans Holbein the Younger)" 13292:"Erasmus and the Louvain Theologians — a Strategy of Defense" 10559:

Markos, Louis A. (April 2007). "The Enchiridion of Erasmus".

10354:

to the crucial place accommodation obtains in his theology".)

10163:

Markos, Louis A. (April 2007). "The Enchiridion of Erasmus".

9902: 8970: 8373: 8040:

The biographer J.J. Mangan commented of his time living with

7778:

was an adopted additional name, which he used from 1496. The

7692:

and three courtrooms. It is next to the Thomas More Building.

4446: 4032: 3980:

eventually died in prison under Elizabeth I for refusing the

3587: 3231:

By this time More was a judge on the poorman's equity court (

2526: 2514: 2506: 2482: 2478: 910: 775: 120: 20801:(1950), Fondo de Cultura Económica (1997) ISBN 968-16-1069-5 20245: 17861:

The contribution of isocrates to western educational thought

17397:, Preserved Smith, 1923, Harper & Brothers, pp. 391–92. 17102: 16979: 16977: 16158:"Islam as a Heresy: Christendom's Ideological View of Islam" 13894:

The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 1252-1355 (1522-1523)

11728:"Richard of St. Victor, On the Four Degrees of Violent Love" 10520:

This was a fine-grained extension of the medieval theory of

6600:) and what he regarded as their frigid, counter-productive 6026:

who were not thought good for any Thing in a Time of Peace."

4628: 4439:

over intolerant assertions, though he sharply distinguished

4221:"the sum and summary of our religion is peace and unanimity" 3888:

died. In 1532 his beloved long-time mentor English Primate

1116:

community largely borrowed its rule from the larger monkish

26254: 24068: 22299: 20227: 18672:"Rhetoric and the Erasmian Defence of Religious Toleration" 16875:

Knowles, Dom David (27 September 1979). "Ch XI - Erasmus".

14176:(2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–123. 14036:

The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages

10804:

Vollerthun, Ursula; Richardson, James L. (31 August 2017).

9410:

be destroyed; both Reuchlin and Pfefferkorn called out the

8231:

promptness by different associates in different countries.

7842:

Canons regular of St Augustine, Chapter of Sion (or Syon),

7556:

In 1790, Georg Wilhelm Göbel struck commemorative medals.'

7279: 5254: 3132:, which was to be a best-seller. More was at that time the 3012:

In 1506 he was able to accompany and tutor the sons of the

2510: 771:

and one of the major figures of Dutch and Western culture.

695: 669: 666: 648: 193: 16640:"Praise of Folly | work by Erasmus | Britannica" 13615:

The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 594-841 (1517-1518)

11112:

Erasmus, Desiderius; Nichols, Francis Norgan (1901–1918).

9729:

Namely Egmondanus, the Louvain Carmelite Nicolaas Baechem.

9145:"Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council" 4427:

He referred to his irenical disposition in the Preface to

2529:), and avoiding the persecution of religious fanatics (to 1161:

moderate sexual desire in marriage between men and women.

1083: 22381: 20699:

Erasmus, Contarini, and the Religious Republic of Letters

19870:

Malcolm-Davies, Jane; Kruseman, Geeske (1 January 2016).

16974: 14589:

History and Biography in the Work of Erasmus of Rotterdam

13011:

The Oxford Reformers. John Colet, Erasmus and Thomas More

8327:"Beer does not suit me either, and the wine is horrible." 6366:

Epistola contra quosdam qui se falso iactant evangelicos.

3954:, which Froben published, at the instigation of de Góis. 2549:, a centre of reforming zeal, under the direction of the 905:

Fourth, his final more secure and settled years near the

686: 677: 654: 19901:(in German). Berlin: Julius Bard Verlag. pp. 78–79. 18490: 13843:

Bloch Eileen M. (1965). "Erasmus and the Froben Press."

9897:, Erasmus possessed not only a certain familiarity with 7969:

attestation of the genuine rather than formal fondness.

7127:

He is noted for his extensive scholarly editions of the

4688:: Erasmus felt Pfefferkorn had personally attacked him. 4400:: a particular target of his criticisms was the Emperor 4062:, the same last words as Melanchthon) then "Dear God" ( 2966: • Scipio Carteromachus • 891:

Erasmus's almost 70 years may be divided into quarters.

18365:. Catholic University of America Press. pp. 1–42. 18284:. University of Toronto Press. 1990. pp. 169–194. 17990:"Erasmus on the Social Functions of Christian Humanism" 17698:

Theological Foundations of Modern Constitutional Theory

16187:

The Christology of Erasmus: Christ, Humanity, and Peace

15625: 12957:. Toronto Buffalo London: University of Toronto Press. 12165:(Thesis). Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository. 8248:"A History of the English Austin Friars (continuation)" 7955:"Erasmus as a poet in the context of northern humanism" 7395:. The herm was presented to him in Rome by his student 7375:

Signet rings of Erasmus of Rotterdam: Amerbach Kabinett

7131:

in Latin and Greek, and the complete works of numerous

6652:) In fact, Christ was "the very father of philosophy" ( 6340:(former Bishop of Utrecht, also schooled at Deventer). 4422: 21003:" entry in Catholic Encyclopedia, 1909 by Joseph Sauer 20721:

Truth and Irony - Philosophical Meditations on Erasmus

19869: 19464:

Latourette, Kenneth Scott. A History of Christianity.

18212:

Sider, Robert (2 April 2020). Sider, Robert D. (ed.).

12133: 8359:

but then finding heresy in his translations and works.

7894:(London, 1952), pp. 11–12, and from Geoffrey Nutuall, 7379:

Erasmus chose the Roman god of borders and boundaries

6500:

Erasmus was sympathetic to a kind of epistemological (

6130: 3617:) (1513). Froben's work was notable for using the new 3173:

and was in contact when Colet gave his notorious 1512

2867: 948:(1622), replacing a stone (1557), and a wooden (1549). 24838:

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

21142: 13351:"Opera Omnia Desiderii Erasmi – Erasmus, Opera Omnia" 12924:"(Publisher's summary) The Correspondence of Erasmus" 8924:

also clearly reveled in Erasmus’s comparison, in the

6897:

serving as the starting point, and arguably with the

6489:, pleasure as virtue), realist/non-voluntarist, and 4362:

He questioned the practical usefulness and abuses of

3123: 2582: 1174: • Pietro Carmeliano • 707: 698: 689: 672: 651: 642: 27462:

Roman Catholic priests from the Habsburg Netherlands

20860:"Erasmus: Recent Critical Editions and Translations" 20749:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press 20701:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press 20470:

Erasmus of Rotterdam: Advocate of a New Christianity

18174:

Plato, Plutarch, and John: Three Symposia about Love

17344: 13816:

Hans Holbein the Younger: The Basel Years, 1515-1532

13445: 13443: 12879:, Tuckwell, (1996), 126-7, quoting Phillips, M. M., 11607:(masters). University of Wales Trinity Saint David. 10803: 10612:

According to historian Emily Alianello, "Throughout

10323:

were ideas significant later, in Calvin's theology.

9684:), namely patristic writings and sacred scriptures ( 8049:, Studies in the Renaissance, Vol. 9 (1962), p. 174. 7553:. It is the oldest bronze statue in the Netherlands. 6565:, pre-dating other scholarly interest by 400 years. 3398:

with annotations, his complete works of Jerome, and

2962: • Urbano Valeriani • 1129:

Erasmus had a spiritual awakening at the monastery.

926:

Desiderius Erasmus is reported to have been born in

683: 660: 645: 19566:"Erasmus' Prescription for Henry VIII: Logotherapy" 17562:

The reception of Erasmus in the early modern period

15811:"A War Against the Turks? Erasmus on War and Peace" 14263:2211 / To Thomas More, Freiburg, 5 September 1529, 13504:

The Reception of Erasmus in the Early Modern Period

11111: 9818:

Philosophical Readings Online Journal of Philosophy

9349:family: indeed, his father had been executed as a 9289:, a professor of philosophy and imperial physician. 7712:Several schools, faculties and universities in the 7680:was completed in 1988 as the first addition to the 7531:. Erasmus was deeply affected by his death in 1528. 7259:In Cambridge he was ill, possibly with the English 6848:

nihil in sacris literis praeter Christum quaerendum

6089:scholar wrote of him as "all sail and no rudder". 5939:began in the year following the publication of his 4031:. In 1535, he moved back to the Froben compound in 2560:learning but already coming under the influence of 692: 680: 657: 21576:Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants 19014:"Radical Carnivalisation of Religion in Erasmus's 18928:Martin Luther's Erasmus, and How he got that Way, 17760:The Stoic Origins of Erasmus' Philosophy of Christ 14867: 14707:"Lisbon in the Renaissance: Author Damiao de Gois" 14676:"(Prison) Note(book)s Toward a History of Boredom" 14600: 14598: 14392:"Erasmus' Illnesses in His Final Years (1533–6)". 12305: 11816: 11248:, is an account of the lives of Erasmus's parents. 10477:documents of the early church's witness to him.'" 9986:The 'Adages' of Erasmus. A Study with Translations 8755:Historian Kirk Essary comments "Reading the work ( 7935:canons regular, notably in Richard of St Victor's 6773:The role models of accommodation were Paul, that " 6281:Erasmus replied to this in his lengthy two volume 4695:rather than exclusively Hebraic influences on the 4314: 3727:to be under the protection of his former student, 3516: • Bruno Amerbach • 3324:His residence at Leuven, where he lectured at the 2497:), searching libraries for manuscripts, writing ( 20357:A History of Queens' College, Cambridge 1448–1986 19097:"(Review) The Collected Works of Erasmus, vol 44" 18055:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 16548:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 14814: 14812: 14137:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 13995: 13993: 13593:"Measuring Worth - Purchasing Power of the Pound" 13440: 10041:Erasmus followed the tradition of proto-humanist 7366: 7334:for liturgical contexts, or otherwise with white 6444:Portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger and workshop 6327: 4460:Portrait of Erasmus, after Quinten Massijs (1517) 4435:that would make him even prefer the views of the 4373:A disadvantageous peace is better than a just war 786:for working on texts, he prepared pioneering new 79:"arguably…the most important portrait in England" 27268: 25895: 20574:. New York: Harper & Row, 1957. xiv, 266 pp 19217: 19169: 19167: 17468:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–184. 17423: 17074:"Erasmus - Dutch Humanist, Protestant Challenge" 16071:(London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1894), p. 359 15522:Clarion: Journal for Religion, Peace and Justice 14209:"Erasmus - Dutch Humanist, Protestant Challenge" 13035: 13033: 12912:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). pp. 727–732. 12796:Anderson, Marvin (1969), "Erasmus the Exegete", 12557: 12357:(in German). Gute Schriften Basel. pp. 6–7. 11913:(illustrated ed.). McFarland. p. 159. 10310:religious moralism promoting peace and charity. 10071:"Erasmus and the Religious Tradition, 1495-1499" 9400:(which Erasmus scorned), against the attacks of 6853:In Hoffmann's words, for Erasmus "Christ is the 4333:"War is sweet to those who have never tasted it" 4043:through publication, though he grew more frail. 4025:Queen Mary of Hungary, Regent of the Netherlands 1585: 969:Erasmus' own story, in the possibly forged 1524 27402:Former members of Catholic religious institutes 20264:"No more Erasmus, but NDIAS and NDCEC continue" 19967:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 16701:The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology 16049:"Αποστολική Διακονία της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος" 15028: 15026: 14595: 11519: 8002: 7801:lived nearby, on the marketplace, at this time. 6410:Admonitio adversus mendacium et obstrectationem 4656:in the vehement way of the later post-Catholic 4589:In his last decade, he involved himself in the 4560:had been against the execution of even violent 4202:were playing in the lethal persecution of some 27322:Academic staff of the Old University of Leuven 21520:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation 20554: 20449: 20444:Erasmus of Rotterdam: The Spirit of a Scholar. 20228:"Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics" 19420:"Erasmus's Place in the History of Philosophy" 19370:Catalogue of the Works of Erasmus of Rotterdam 18117:. English Dept, University of York. p. 81 18046: 17096: 16500:"Erasmus on the Education and Nature of Women" 16179: 16177: 16175: 16080: 14809: 14748:"Erasmus and His Books (Publisher's material)" 14582: 14580: 14437: 14433: 14431: 14429: 14133:"The Friendship of Erasmus and Damiâo De Goes" 13990: 13608: 13606: 13604: 13602: 12814: 10961:. Vol. 46, no. 4. pp. 754–809. 10652:As with many of his individual works, reading 9374:Erasmus wrote of Pferfferkorn that "a wicked ( 8965:is perhaps also a backhanded reference to the 8948:Summa nostrae religionis pax est et unanimated 8426:, friend of the Amerbach family, colleague of 8240:Erasmus claimed the blind poet laureate friar 6275:On the Bondage of the Will (De servo arbitrio) 5963:to nourishchiefly moral and spiritual reform" 4445:from what was uncontentiously explicit in the 3969:. Others, such as Charles V's Latin secretary 3016:of the English King through Italy to Bologna. 2505:), patronage, tutoring and chaperoning (North 846:and many other popular and pedagogical works. 25881: 25077: 23704: 22232: 21455: 21204: 20476:Dickens, A. G.; Jones, Whitney R. D. (2000). 20309:. Victoria and Albert Museum. 5 January 1854. 19916:. Berlin: Julius Bard Verlag. pp. 78–79. 19164: 18635: 18633: 18631: 18629: 18627: 18350: 17457: 17455: 17453: 14306: 14304: 14302: 13780:Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 13535: 13533: 13531: 13497: 13175:"Thomas Linacre: Humanist, Physician, Priest" 13030: 12892: 12200:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 15. 12027: 11817:Sutton, Anne F.; Visser-Fuchs, Livia (1997). 11173: 11171: 11169: 11167: 11165: 11163: 11161: 11127: 11125: 9983: 9523: 9521: 6937: 5810: 3590:to coordinate the printing of his books with 2568:, poet and "professor of humanity" in Paris. 23946: 23900: 23886: 20475: 20307:"Erasmus' Tower, Queen's College, Cambridge" 19956: 19954: 19173: 18576: 18574: 18572: 18570: 18259:"The Age of Reformations by James Hitchcock" 17390:London, Burns & Oates, 1881, pp. 13–14. 16987:. Nashville: Holman Reference, 2000, p. 344. 16779:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 70. 16508:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 37–47. 16059: 15866:. Univ of California Press. pp. 68–70. 15576: 15574: 15023: 14775: 14773: 13769: 13767: 13765: 13763: 13378: 13376: 13374: 13372: 13039: 12316:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 11694: 11507:. Nashville: Holman Reference, 2000, p. 343. 11159: 11157: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11141: 10952: 10950: 10948: 10799: 10797: 10795: 10793: 10791: 10789: 10666:This was a long-recognized tendency: indeed 8795: 8793: 8620: 8476:"Froude, Life and Letters of Erasmus, p 322" 8391: 6193:lives and they speak quite another language. 4382:Better an unjust peace than the justest war. 4315:Erasmus § The Complaint of Peace (1517) 4054:, were apparently "Lord, put an end to it" ( 3761:He stayed for two years on the top floor of 2513:), seeing books through printing in person ( 1008:, a correspondent of pioneering rhetorician 20795:, Librairie Droz (1998) ISBN 2-600-00510-2 20768:Erasmus and Voltaire: Why They Still Matter 20122:"Achievements and benefits, European Union" 19176:""Erasmus and Faustus of Riez's De gratia"" 19090: 19088: 18359:"ERASMus's PROGRAM for THEOLOGICAL RENEWAL" 17957:The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism 17833:"A Much Neglected Basic Choice in Theology" 17388:The Reformers on the Reformation (foreign), 16845: 16690: 16688: 16686: 16684: 16682: 16172: 16000: 15998: 15286: 15253: 15251: 15213: 15211: 15209: 15207: 14577: 14426: 13599: 12382: 11550: 11548: 11546: 11544: 11542: 11107: 11105: 11103: 11077: 11044: 11042: 11040: 10898:1871.1/2eb41bd4-6929-41be-a984-94747300015a 9856: 9530: 8946: 8430:etc. He had learned printing in Paris with 8109: 7996: 7783: 7657:Erasmus Journal of Philosophy and Economics 7438: 7391:he thought depicted Terminus carved into a 7336: 7296: 6173: 4337: 3950:of More (and Fisher), the short, anonymous 3892:died of old age, as did reforming cardinal 3052: 1014: 971: 104:, Burgundian Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire 27442:Philosophers from the Habsburg Netherlands 25888: 25874: 25084: 25070: 23711: 23697: 22246: 22239: 22225: 21462: 21448: 21211: 21197: 20829:Erasme i la construcció catalana d'Espanya 19618: 19377:. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2023, 225-344. 19063:"Summa Theologiae, Prologue & Ia Q. 2" 18624: 18263:Touchstone: A Journal of Mere Christianity 18129: 18103: 18101: 17653: 17495:Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature 17450: 17381: 17189: 17187: 16990: 16591: 15942: 15940: 15938: 15369: 15365: 15363: 15004: 14723: 14586: 14550: 14548: 14522: 14520: 14299: 14126: 14124: 14122: 14120: 14047: 14045: 13528: 13456:Journal of East Asia and International Law 13450:Dungen, Peter van den (30 November 2009). 13392: 12642: 12640: 12638: 12235: 11910:The University in Medieval Life, 1179–1499 11906: 11679: 11677: 11675: 11673: 11671: 11669: 11667: 11665: 11122: 10988: 10986: 10984: 10982: 10980: 10978: 10976: 10775:http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05510b.htm 10727:"Desiderius Erasmus Biography & Facts" 10058:'s "What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?" 9518: 9353:heretic. Erasmus' friendly correspondents 7135:. These formed the basis of the so-called 7113:Erasmus wrote for educated audiences both 6981:; alongside it, the editions of the great 6604:: "What has Aristotle to do with Christ?" 6245:", a positive, evangelical model sermon " 6066:However, Erasmus frequently commended the 5817: 5803: 4046:On July 12, 1536, he died at an attack of 3915:As more friends died (in 1533, his friend 2864:. Erasmus then returned to Paris in 1504. 66: 27307:16th-century Dutch Roman Catholic priests 23638:Relationship between religion and science 21528:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church 20761:Erasmus: Intellectual of the 16th Century 20423: 20359:(Woodbridge, Suff.: Boydell Press, 1987). 20171: 19951: 19767: 19705: 19355:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159087.003.0006 19303: 19011: 18979: 18665: 18663: 18567: 18413: 18411: 17950: 17948: 17946: 17944: 17752: 17750: 17592: 17553: 17120: 16999:"Luther and Erasmus, Another Perspective" 16996: 16505:Erasmus: intellectual of the 16th century 16081:Huizinga, Johan; Flower, Barbara (1952). 15571: 15402: 15309: 14770: 13953: 13951: 13760: 13651:Erasmus: intellectual of the 16th century 13498:De Landtsheer, Jeanine (1 January 2013). 13475: 13407: 13369: 13348: 13200: 13190: 12299: 12297: 12295: 12293: 12253: 12030:"A Dispensation of Julius II for Erasmus" 11950: 11496: 11494: 11177: 11138: 10956: 10945: 10896: 10870: 10786: 10282:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183313.003.0005 9991: 9938: 9937:though they agreed on much." Abstract of 9597:, which "was a spirituality of teachers." 8822: 8790: 8301: 8001:—is by no means a contradiction of this." 7970: 7864:and subsequent congregations such as the 7641:A peer-reviewed annual scholarly journal 7163: 6435: 6226:De libero arbitrio diatribe sive collatio 6165:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church 4255:. Notable writings on irenicism include 4080:He was buried with great ceremony in the 3800:(1529); his catechism to counter Luther 3586:From 1514, Erasmus regularly traveled to 2868:Second visit to England (1505–1506) 1280:granted legal dispensations for Erasmus' 867:, which some prominent reformers such as 27297:16th-century Christian biblical scholars 21272:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style 21218: 20279: 20277: 19960: 19848: 19679: 19477: 19085: 18772: 18580: 17981: 17803: 17525: 17288: 17268: 17135: 17063:Letter to Louis Marlianus, 25 March 1520 16868: 16679: 16652: 16127:"A terrible pope but a patron of genius" 16124: 15995: 15808: 15780:"Erasmus, Jus Canonicum and Arbitration" 15442: 15440: 15438: 15315: 15293:Ocker, Christopher (22 September 2022). 15248: 15204: 15167:"Erasmus, Augustine and the Nominalists" 15164: 14818: 14779: 14355:Hans Holbein: Portrait of an Unknown Man 14163: 13892:Erasmus, Desiderius (31 December 1989). 13773: 13644: 13642: 13613:Erasmus, Desiderius (31 December 1979). 13101: 13073:"Erasmus and Queens' College, Cambridge" 13014:(3rd ed.). Longmans, Green and Co. 13001: 12795: 12582: 12440: 12438: 12158: 12072: 11703:The spirituality of Erasmus of Rotterdam 11629: 11623: 11598:Danyluk, Katharine (10 September 2018). 11539: 11515: 11513: 11257: 11100: 11037: 10919: 10428: 10364: 9713:, his former friend and roommate at the 9290: 9034:The New Testament Scholarship of Erasmus 7481: 7465: 7427: 7409: 7370: 7289: 7173: 7109:Works of Erasmus § Notable writings 6766:(discourse, conversation, language) not 6572: 6439: 6231: 6134: 5922: 5918: 5865: 5854: 5841:On the Institution of Christian Marriage 4671:which included John's notorious sermons 4627: 4455: 4011: 3976:Erasmus' friend and collaborator Bishop 3865:' Latin secretary who had worked on the 3836: 3825: 3733: 3667: 3569: 3446: 3429:' College of the Three Languages at the 3350: 3142: 3124:Third visit to England (1510–1515) 3065: 2871: 2583:First visit to England (1499–1500) 1087: 1061:movement and the Brethren's famous book 1022: 936: 843:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style 27312:16th-century Roman Catholic theologians 27292:15th-century Roman Catholic theologians 25091: 20713:Erasmus, His Theology of the Sacraments 20494: 20452:My dear Erasmus: the forgotton reformer 20426:Erasmus: his life, works, and influence 20368: 20094: 19516: 19211: 19174:Franceschini, Chiara (1 January 2014). 19094: 18830: 18603: 18520: 18442: 18098: 18053:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 17987: 17886: 17718: 17688: 17252:The Identity of Theology (Dissertation) 17248: 17184: 16874: 16774: 16562: 16485:Erasmus: His Theology of the Sacraments 16011:Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance 16004: 15983:Humanism and the Rhetoric of Toleration 15935: 15910: 15546: 15360: 15257: 14926: 14891: 14604: 14545: 14517: 14467:"Damião de Goes, a Portuguese Humanist" 14169: 14117: 14042: 13891: 13673: 13667: 13612: 13217: 13161: 13130:"Erasmus, Life in 16th Century England" 13007: 12952: 12748: 12711: 12635: 12522: 12355:Die Bildnisse des Erasmus von Rotterdam 12313:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 12303: 12190: 12078: 11969:Collected Works of Erasmus: Spiritualia 11965: 11777: 11725: 11683: 11662: 11597: 11554: 11083: 10999:Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance 10992: 10973: 10199: 9929:, ultimately rendered Erasmus alien to 9739: 9465: 9142: 8953: 8036: 8034: 7952: 7607:The European Union cites the successor 6952: 6449:influenced by satirist and rhetorician 6219: 6022:Charon: " What do they get out of it?" 4139: 3707: 3242: 2719:, who pursued a style more akin to the 1084:Vows, ordination and canonry experience 1000:and owned by the chapter clergy of the 14: 27417:Lady Margaret's Professors of Divinity 27269: 26889:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler 22564:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology 21126:Sporen van Erasmus (Traces of Erasmus) 21032:Index of Erasmus's Opera Omnia (Latin) 20777:. Jackson, TN: Union University Press. 20724:. Catholic University of America Press 20708:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press 20694:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press 20677:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press 20603: 20530: 20516: 20472:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press 19925: 19923: 19892: 19890: 19888: 19849:Kruseman, Geeske M. (25 August 2018). 19832: 19830: 19828: 19468:: Harper & Brothers, 1953, p. 661. 19386: 19218:Nellen, Henk; Bloemendal, Jan (2016). 19147: 18929: 18660: 18526: 18473: 18448: 18408: 18356: 18205: 18186: 18135: 18107: 18077: 18071: 18047:Rummel, Erika; MacPhail, Eric (2021). 17941: 17857: 17747: 17619: 17488: 17193: 16919: 16814: 16694: 16377: 16232:Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 16184:Martin, Terence J. (12 January 2024). 16183: 16155: 15777: 15688: 15469: 15217: 15136: 14554: 14526: 14351: 14130: 14092: 14051: 14033: 14005:. University of Toronto Press: 1–146. 14000: 13948: 13812: 13449: 13422:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.1664 13289: 13172: 12864:Opus Epistolarum Des. Erasmi Roterdami 12815:van Herwaarden, Jan (1 January 2003). 12646: 12290: 12159:Lundberg, Christa (16 February 2022). 11841: 11491: 11457: 11398: 11296: 10942:, pp. 4 and 6 (Dutch-language version) 10829:Christian Humanism and the Reformation 10558: 10162: 9811: 9024:Vicit mansuetudine, vicit beneficentia 8978:""Oxford Reformers" and Scholasticism" 8800: 8787:through all his writings." Mansfield 8653: 8383: 8161: 7811: 7686:Court of Justice of the European Union 7399:and in reality depicted the Greek god 6707: 6626: 6241:that involved an irenical 'dialogue' " 4660:: it was not a topic or theme of any 4501: 4269:On Restoring the Concord of the Church 3942:were executed as pro-Rome traitors by 3425:, Latin, and Greek—after the model of 3336:to Basel, he made the acquaintance of 2463:Blue lines: Rhine and English Channel 2117: 2109: 944:in Rotterdam. Gilded bronze statue by 25869: 25065: 23718: 23692: 22220: 21893:Die Lügend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo 21608:Confession Concerning Christ's Supper 21443: 21192: 21128:, documentary TV series, 5 episodes ( 20857: 20274: 19911: 19896: 19563: 19417: 19309: 19276: 19258:from the original on 22 December 2023 19158:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684038.013.28 19042:from the original on 30 December 2023 18956: 18932:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 18897: 18720: 18669: 18642:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 18639: 18451:The Unity of Philosophical Experience 18312: 18256: 18211: 18192: 18059:from the original on 11 December 2017 17954: 17896:Erasmus Student Journal of Philosophy 17830: 17756: 17712: 17700:. Nantes Institute for Advanced Study 17625: 17559: 17461: 17138:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 16925: 16897: 16833:from the original on 13 December 2023 16725:from the original on 10 November 2023 16597: 16482: 16444: 16105: 16074: 15963:from the original on 25 December 2023 15946: 15893: 15859: 15744: 15662: 15528:from the original on 30 November 2023 15435: 15292: 15090: 15072:from the original on 30 December 2023 15039: 14959:from the original on 19 December 2023 14782:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 14650:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.401 14637: 14440:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 13957: 13722:from the original on 11 February 2023 13639: 13539: 13070: 13046:Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series 13018:from the original on 17 December 2023 12782: 12780: 12778: 12776: 12774: 12772: 12483: 12465:from the original on 28 November 2023 12444: 12435: 12367: 12348: 12346: 12236:Ptaszyński, Maciej (8 October 2021). 11992: 11936: 11888:from the original on 13 December 2023 11700: 11510: 11444: 11442: 11440: 11337:from the original on 9 September 2023 11133:Erasmus: His life, work and influence 10866: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10858: 10856: 10391:from the original on 23 February 2024 10271: 9965:Historian Fritz Caspari quipped that 9941:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 9859:Platonism and the English Imagination 9553: 9506:from the original on 25 December 2023 9265: 9031: 8975: 8920:Historian Kevin Ingram suggests "The 8656:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 8505:urged him to stay. However, Campion, 8404:from the original on 29 December 2023 8328: 7824:from the original on 9 September 2023 6568: 6249:", and a gently critical 'diatribe' " 5992:The world had laughed at his satire, 5931:, sketch: black chalk on paper, 1520. 5870:Johannes Œcolampadius by Asper (1550) 5852:), and the pastoral Holy Orders (see 4115: 3194:Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity 2756: 2700:In 1499 he was invited to England by 1823: 1815: 875:rejected in favor of the doctrine of 726: 27327:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge 20582: 20468:Christ-von Wedel, Christine (2013). 20009: 19905: 19344: 19224:Church History and Religious Culture 18417: 18028:from the original on 6 December 2023 17916: 17839:from the original on 19 January 2024 17831:Olson, Roger E. (26 December 2010). 17656:Reformation & Renaissance Review 16799: 16756:from the original on 19 January 2024 16467: 16426:from the original on 29 October 2023 15949:"Erasmus on the Study of Scriptures" 15396: 14977: 14736:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 14686:from the original on 18 January 2024 14464: 14105:from the original on 12 January 2024 13676:"Erasmus and the Education of Women" 13428:from the original on 12 January 2024 13408:Varacalli, Thomas (1 January 2016). 13382: 12989:from the original on 16 January 2019 12934:from the original on 17 January 2024 12423:from the original on 30 October 2023 12352: 11768:: University of Toronto Press, 1974) 11470:from the original on 14 January 2024 10871:Goudriaan, Koen (6 September 2019). 10826: 10272:Lahey, Stephen Edmund (1 May 2009). 10109:from the original on 30 October 2023 10068: 9828:from the original on 1 November 2023 9771: 9676:encompassed both sacred literature ( 9175:from the original on 1 November 2023 8695: 8245: 8031: 6925: 6111: 6056:the Turks and colonize new islands. 6001: 4423:Intra-Christian religious toleration 4103: 4091:As his heir or executor he instated 3769:, some of them fleeing persecution. 3489: 3070:Book printed and illuminated at the 2804: • Christopher Fisher 2287: 2279: 2149: 2141: 27467:Translators of the Bible into Latin 21288:The Education of a Christian Prince 21065:in the catalogue Helveticat of the 20990:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 20978:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 20806:Garcia-Villoslada, Ricardo (1965) ' 20369:Gleason, John B. (1 January 1990). 20174:"Biblical Interpretation in Crisis" 20172:Ratzinger, Joseph (26 April 2008). 19920: 19885: 19825: 19651:. 17 March 2015. pp. 409–412. 19523:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 19484:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 19180:Rivista di Storia del Cristianesimo 19060: 18773:Williams, David (20 January 2024). 18529:"Alexander Pope: Erasmian Catholic" 18154:from the original on 11 August 2023 17923:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 17785:from the original on 11 August 2023 17217: 16985:131 Christians Everyone Should Know 16530:from the original on 1 January 2024 16497: 16344: 16222: 16162:Fairmount Folio: Journal of History 16125:Withnell, Stephen (25 April 2019). 15860:Tracy, James D. (23 October 2018). 15778:Xheraj, Blerina (4 December 2020). 15631: 15580: 15446: 14872:, Leiden: Brill, pp. 529–530, 14565:from the original on 4 January 2024 14533:(Thesis). University of Newcastle. 14358:. Phoenix Giant. pp. 161–162. 14345: 13936:from the original on 8 January 2024 13880:German Renaissance Prints 1490-1550 13806: 13648: 13218:Herbert, Amanda (23 January 2018). 13119:Huizinga, Dutch edition, pp. 52–53. 13052:from the original on 7 January 2024 12808: 12278:from the original on 10 August 2023 12028:Allen, P. S.; Colotius, A. (1910). 11798:from the original on 11 August 2023 11778:Erasmus, Desiderius (23 May 2009). 11611:from the original on 5 January 2024 11505:131 Christians Everyone Should Know 11488:DeMolen, Richard L. (1976).pp.10–11 11059:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 10546:Luther and the Reading of Scripture 10216:from the original on 11 August 2023 9784:from the original on 17 August 2010 9778:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 9417: 9297:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9232: 8392:Trevor-Roper, Hugh (30 July 2020). 8300:, Humphrey Walkden and John Watson. 8076:some dignified administrative role. 7973:"Medieval Male Friendship Networks" 7937:On the Four Degrees of Violent Love 7102: 6389:Spongia adversus aspergines Hutteni 6131:Increasing disagreement with Luther 4730: 4370:he discusses (common translation) " 4350:He promoted and was present at the 4323:The Education of a Christian Prince 4265:The Education of a Christian Prince 3900:. In 1534 his distrusted protector 3821: 3461:Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset 3400:The Education of a Christian Prince 1882: 1874: 417:The Education of a Christian Prince 143:translations and exegesis, satire, 24: 21544:Against Henry, King of the English 20835: 20810:, Taurus Ediciones, Madrid, Spain. 20594:Pennington, Arthur Robert (1875). 20411: 19111:from the original on 25 April 2024 19073:from the original on 23 April 2024 18986:. Catholic University of America. 18957:Smith, John H. (15 October 2011). 18779:. McGill-Queens University Press. 17929:from the original on 13 March 2024 17868:from the original on 13 April 2021 17513:from the original on 6 August 2023 17230:from the original on 30 April 2023 16204:from the original on 19 April 2024 16137:from the original on 27 April 2024 16084:Erasmus and the Age of Reformation 16029:from the original on 26 March 2023 15504:Declarationes ad censuras Lutetiae 15322:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 14758:from the original on 30 April 2024 14656:from the original on 29 March 2024 14505:from the original on 12 April 2024 14231: 14054:"Cardinal Cajetan Renaissance Man" 13748:from the original on 30 April 2023 13546:. University of California Press. 13540:Tracy, James D. (1 January 1996). 13267:. Queens.cam.ac.uk. Archived from 13040:Cheng-Davies, Tania (1 May 2023). 12769: 12693:from the original on 26 April 2019 12585:"Archbishop Morton and St. Albans" 12401:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1988.tb02151.x 12343: 11437: 11048: 10853: 9740:Midmore, Brian (7 February 2007). 9546:Greek edition of the New Testament 9443:Paraphrase of Romans and Galatians 8633:Erasmus and the Age of Reformation 7812:Juhász, Gergely (1 January 2019). 7470:Portrait of Desiderius Erasmus by 7461: 7038:Paean in Honour of the Virgin Mary 7014:Paean in Honour of the Virgin Mary 6256:The publication of his brief book 5913: 5829: 3578:, Burgundy. Engraving possibly by 3475:, probably his last meetings with 2702:William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy 886: 728:[ˌdeːziˈdeːrijʏseːˈrɑsmʏs] 25: 27493: 27412:Historians of the Catholic Church 21887:Propaganda during the Reformation 21469: 21063:Publications by and about Erasmus 20908: 20597:The Life and Character of Erasmus 20577:Dutch original by Huizinga (1924) 20101:Sculpture International Rotterdam 20017:"Terminus, the Device of Erasmus" 19931:"Terminus, the Device of Erasmus" 19564:Boyle, Marjorie O'Rourke (1978). 19399:from the original on 17 July 2023 19387:Rummel, Erika (2 November 2022). 18812:from the original on 3 March 2024 18702:from the original on 3 March 2024 17547:The Life and Character of Erasmus 17489:Regier, Willis (1 January 2011). 17220:"Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam" 17084:from the original on 21 June 2023 17045:from the original on 11 July 2023 16916:Letter to Charles Utenhove (1523) 16855: 16800:Post, Regnerus Richardus (1968). 16743: 16326:from the original on 15 July 2023 16261:from the original on 15 July 2023 15841:from the original on 19 June 2023 15790:from the original on 19 June 2023 15613:from the original on 19 June 2023 15559:from the original on 15 July 2023 15348:from the original on 7 April 2024 15097:Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 14908:from the original on 21 June 2023 14898:Swiss American Historical Society 14724:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 14242:from the original on 21 June 2023 14219:from the original on 21 June 2023 13868:from the original on 17 July 2023 13330:from the original on 23 July 2023 13238:from the original on 22 June 2023 13173:Taylor, Fred M. (February 2021). 13140:from the original on 4 April 2023 13083:from the original on 19 July 2023 12749:Emerton, Ephraim (25 July 2020). 12623:from the original on 9 April 2024 12558:Masur-Matusevich, Yelena (2023). 12383:Harper-Bill, Christopher (1988). 12217:from the original on 11 July 2023 12115:from the original on 21 June 2023 12060:from the original on 11 July 2023 11523:Collected Works of Erasmus: Poems 11425:from the original on 20 July 2023 11065:from the original on 19 July 2023 11025:from the original on 22 July 2023 10722: 9774:"Desiderius Erasmus (1468?—1536)" 9331:from the original on 28 July 2023 9000:from the original on 19 June 2023 8902:from the original on 15 July 2023 8333:. Scribner and Sons. p. 112. 8062:had been the Latin Secretary for 8006:Collected Works of Erasmus: Poems 7896:Journal of Ecclesiastical History 7342:(scarf) (over left shoulder), or 7170:Legacy and evaluations of Erasmus 7068:Catalogue of the Works of Erasmus 6838: 6557:and John's Gospel", first in the 5878:. Erasmus was concerned that the 4644:Markish wrote that the charge of 4007: 3794:Ennaratio triplex in Psalmum XXII 1960: 1034:, triptych (c. 1501), painted in 39:Legacy and evaluations of Erasmus 27457:Roman Catholic biblical scholars 27437:People from Gouda, South Holland 27249: 25848: 25836: 25730:Stratification of emotional life 25179: 25173: 25167: 24908:The Closing of the American Mind 24828:Civilization and Its Discontents 24808:A Vindication of Natural Society 23673: 23672: 23662: 21734:Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam 21686:Weimar edition of Luther's works 21424: 21423: 21346: 21176: 21164: 21152: 21086: 21025: 20504:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 20362: 20349: 20331: 20313: 20299: 20256: 20238: 20220: 20202: 20184: 20165: 20140: 20114: 20088: 20079: 20054: 20043: 20037: 19839: 19814: 19796: 19761: 19722: 19686:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 19673: 19640: 19612: 19557: 19510: 19471: 19458: 19411: 19380: 19361: 19338: 19270: 19198: 19141: 19131:"IN PRAISE OF FOLLY, by Erasmus" 19123: 19054: 19005: 18973: 18950: 18922: 18898:Fudge, Thomas (1 January 1997). 18891: 18857: 18824: 18799: 18793: 18766: 18755: 18749: 18714: 18597: 18484: 18467: 18395: 18326: 18306: 18269: 18250: 18166: 18040: 17910: 17880: 17851: 17824: 17797: 17682: 17647: 17586: 17482: 17417: 17402: 17365: 17338: 17318: 17301: 17262: 17242: 17211: 17156: 17129: 17066: 17057: 16910: 16891: 16808: 16793: 16768: 16737: 16646: 16632: 16556: 16491: 16476: 16468:Kute, David (26 December 2019). 16461: 16438: 16371: 16338: 16310: 16284: 16216: 16149: 16118: 16099: 16041: 15975: 15904: 15887: 15853: 15802: 15771: 15738: 15717: 15682: 15663:Duffy, Eamon (1 November 2016). 15656: 15583:"The Christian Peace of Erasmus" 15540: 15515: 15509: 15496: 15463: 15372:The Cambridge History of Judaism 15158: 15130: 15084: 14998: 14971: 14920: 14885: 14861: 14806:Huizinga, Dutch edition, p. 202. 14800: 14740: 14717: 14704: 14698: 14668: 14638:Allen, Amanda (1 January 2014). 14631: 14458: 14385: 14372: 14311:"Letters 2803 to 2939. Part 2". 14265:"Letters 2803 to 2939. Part 2". 14257: 14198: 14131:Hirsch, Elisabeth Feist (1951). 14093:Geurts, Twan (17 October 2022). 14086: 14074:from the original on 13 May 2024 14027: 13918: 13885: 13850: 13837: 13734: 13585: 13567: 13491: 13401: 13342: 13283: 13253: 13152: 13122: 13113: 13103:"Erasmus, Desiderius (ERSS465D)" 13095: 13064: 12875:Shire, Helena M., Stewart Style 11937:Allen, Grace (24 October 2019). 11858:from the original on 6 June 2017 11181:Erasmus in the Twentieth Century 10873:"New Evidence on Erasmus' Youth" 10737:from the original on 29 May 2018 10697: 10686: 10677: 10660: 10646: 10629: 10619: 10606: 10596: 10587: 10551: 10535: 10514: 10500: 10489: 10480: 10470: 10457: 10421: 10412: 10403: 10357: 10336: 10326: 10313: 10288: 10260: 10228: 10192: 10148: 10135: 10122: 10061: 10048: 10035: 10018: 9984:Mann Phillips, Margaret (1964). 9972: 9959: 9887: 9850: 9840: 9796: 9760: 9732: 9723: 9703: 9660: 9648: 9636: 9621: 9609: 9600: 9587: 9578: 9457: 9447: 9435: 9382:) Jew had become a most wicked ( 9368: 9278: 9258: 9246: 9220: 9210: 9201: 9188: 9127: 9118: 9109: 9100: 9086: 9076: 9066: 9012: 8939: 8914: 8882: 8849: 8840: 8776: 8762: 8749: 8736: 8714:10.1111/j.0028-4289.2005.00081.x 8688: 8674: 8642: 8615:Paraphrases of the New Testament 8600: 8587: 8578: 8564: 8555: 8546: 8537: 8512: 8495: 8485: 8459: 8452:Engineered by reformer Cardinal 8446: 8437: 8416: 8362: 8337: 8321: 8308:(Thesis). Newcastle University. 8290: 8280: 7669:From 1997 to 2008, the American 7573:Henry VIII: The Mind of a Tyrant 7492:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam 7058:List of Erasmus's correspondents 6963:any artificial pomp of reasoning 6730: 5783: 5771: 4779: 4771: 4763: 4738: 3984:. Erasmus' correspondent Bishop 2842:Handbook of the Christian Knight 2533:). He enjoyed horseback riding. 2421: 2399: 2392: 2369: 2362: 2338: 2331: 2324: 2317: 2310: 2286: 2278: 2269: 2262: 2255: 2248: 2241: 2221: 2214: 2207: 2186: 2179: 2172: 2148: 2140: 2131: 2124: 2116: 2108: 2086: 2079: 2072: 2065: 2043: 2036: 2029: 2022: 2001: 1994: 1973: 1966: 1959: 1952: 1945: 1938: 1917: 1910: 1903: 1881: 1873: 1864: 1857: 1850: 1843: 1822: 1814: 1805: 1798: 1775: 1768: 1748: 1741: 1719: 1712: 1692: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1639: 1632: 1612: 638: 74:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam 27427:Old University of Leuven alumni 27302:16th-century Dutch philosophers 26207:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 21512:Sermon on Indulgences and Grace 21328:Exposytion of the Commune Creed 21043:Literature by and about Erasmus 20831:, Barcelona, Llibres de l'Índex 20501:Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam 20252:. Erasmus University Rotterdam. 20095:Giltaij, Jeroen (12 May 2015). 18585:. 28 (Number 106- (2–3): 1–20. 18220:. University of Toronto Press. 17994:Journal of the History of Ideas 17763:. University of Toronto Press. 17428:. University of Toronto Press. 16877:The Religious Orders in England 16322:. University of Chicago Press. 15947:Meyer, Carl (1 December 1969). 15894:Yoder, Klaus C. (17 May 2016). 15815:Asian Journal of Social Science 15747:Pacifism and English Literature 15644:from the original on 7 May 2023 15403:May, Harry S.; ה', מאי (1973). 13575:"500 years Collegium Trilingue" 13071:Askin, Lindsey (12 July 2013). 12971: 12946: 12916: 12886: 12869: 12857: 12848: 12839: 12789: 12752:Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam 12742: 12705: 12675: 12576: 12551: 12516: 12477: 12376: 12361: 12229: 12184: 12152: 12127: 12097: 12083:. University of Toronto Press. 12021: 11986: 11972:. University of Toronto Press. 11959: 11952:10.4000/laboratoireitalien.3742 11930: 11900: 11870: 11835: 11810: 11784:. University of Toronto Press. 11771: 11755: 11742: 11719: 11684:Gasquet, Francis Aidan (1900). 11591: 11482: 11451: 11448:DeMolen, Richard L. (1976),p.13 11392: 11379: 11367:from the original on 1 May 2023 11349: 11290: 11251: 11232: 11220:from the original on 1 May 2023 11206: 11184:. University of Toronto Press. 10075:Journal of the History of Ideas 9538:criticizing the Catholic church 9365:family, on their mother's side. 8234: 8224: 8215: 8206: 8192: 8183: 8174: 8154: 8130: 8102: 8088: 8079: 8069: 8052: 8022: 7984: 7943: 7908: 7875: 7849: 7836: 7804: 7791: 7383:as a personal symbol and had a 6247:On the Measureless Mercy of God 4131:literal and tropological senses 3973:, fled and died in self-exile. 3404:Institutio principis Christiani 2339: 2332: 2325: 2270: 2263: 2215: 1939: 1806: 1769: 1100:, where Erasmus spent his youth 27:Dutch humanist (c. 1469 – 1536) 27357:Critics of the Catholic Church 25920:History of the Catholic Church 22027:All Saints' Church, Wittenberg 21719:Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn 21654:On the Councils and the Church 21560:The Adoration of the Sacrament 21404:Praemium Erasmianum Foundation 21256:Handbook of a Christian Knight 20782: 20775:Erasmus' Doctrine of Free Will 20766:Quinones, Ricardo J. (2010). 20450:Bentley-Taylor, David (2002). 20416: 20210:"Erasmus School of Philosophy" 19857:(EXARC Journal Issue 2018/3). 19324:10.1080/00043079.2005.10786256 18214:"Erasmus on the New Testament" 17864:(Masters). Durham University. 17424:Manfred Hoffmann, ed. (2010). 17249:Alfsvåg, Knut (October 1995). 16824:The Monasric Research Bulletin 16516:(inactive 10 September 2024). 13077:Queens' Old Library Books Blog 12798:Concordia Theeological Monthly 12138:. Christian Publishing House. 11732:Victorine Texts in Translation 10932: 10922:Italia Medioevale e Umanistica 10913: 10820: 10749: 10716: 9901:, but also close knowledge of 9666:An expression Erasmus coined. 9233:Ron, Nathan (1 January 2020). 9149:Archivum Historiae Pontificiae 7757: 7748: 7367:Signet ring and personal motto 7324:Canons regular of St Augustine 6818: 4692: 4527:parable of the wheat and tares 3467:In 1520 he was present at the 2461:Red and green lines: horseback 2422: 2173: 2073: 2066: 1749: 1713: 1666: 1613: 913:and as a religious refugee in 859:. He remained a member of the 831:Handbook of a Christian Knight 634:Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus 396:Handbook of a Christian Knight 132:Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus 13: 1: 27317:16th-century writers in Latin 26569:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 25966:History of Christian theology 24798:Oration on the Dignity of Man 22001:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 21536:On the Freedom of a Christian 21487:Resources about Martin Luther 20852:The Correspondence of Erasmus 20673:Bietenholz, Peter G. (2009). 20590:. Cambridge University Press. 20537:Erasmus: A Critical Biography 19963:"Erasmus and the Visual Arts" 19649:The Correspondence of Erasmus 19204:Galli, Mark, and Olsen, Ted. 19150:The Oxford Handbook of Origen 18418:Wolf, Erik (1 January 1978). 17965:10.1017/CHOL9780521300087.005 17919:"Cicero: Academic Skepticism" 17668:10.1080/14622459.2019.1612979 17533:Concordia Theological Journal 17345:István Pieter Bejczy (2001). 17269:Costello, Gabriel J. (2018). 17199:. 20 (Number 77) (1): 85–88. 16997:Kleinhans, Robert G. (1970). 16983:Galli, Mark, and Olsen, Ted. 16470:"Erasmus and the Ideal Ruler" 15953:Concordia Theological Monthly 15549:"The Complaint of Peace, p57" 15232:10.1017/CHOL9780521042550.011 14980:The English Historical Review 14831:Truman State University Press 14587:Bietenholz, Peter G. (1966). 14396:: 335–339. 31 December 2020. 14394:The Correspondence of Erasmus 14315:: 151–302. 31 December 2020. 14313:The Correspondence of Erasmus 14269:: 151–302. 31 December 2020. 14267:The Correspondence of Erasmus 13926:"Altbasel - Erasmus in Basel" 13882:, BM exh. cat. 1995, no. 238. 13680:The Sixteenth Century Journal 12589:The English Historical Review 12448:Erasmus, the Growth of a Mind 12368:Adams, Robert Pardee (1937). 12034:The English Historical Review 11752:, Duke University Press, 1994 11701:Molen, Richard L. de (1987). 11520:Harry Vredeveld, ed. (1993), 11135:, University of Toronto, 1991 10710: 10443:10.1080/13574175.2017.1387967 10132:Nichols, ep. 59; Allen, ep 64 9988:. Cambridge University Press. 9700:) by classical pagan authors. 8803:The Sixteenth Century Journal 8003:Harry Vredeveld, ed. (1993), 7732: 7645:has been produced since 1981. 7306:; right, holding a heart, is 6784:Following Paul, Quintillian ( 6076:Between friends all is common 5890:In 1530, Erasmus published a 5861: 3798:Triple Commentary on Psalm 23 3729:Archduke Ferdinand of Austria 3433:—financed by his late friend 2400: 2256: 2249: 2242: 2187: 2180: 2132: 2087: 2044: 2030: 1974: 1865: 1844: 1720: 1633: 1269: 921: 89: 27377:Dutch expatriates in England 25897:History of Catholic theology 24868:The Society of the Spectacle 23603:Desacralization of knowledge 22057:Melanchthonhaus (Wittenberg) 21767:Heidelberg Disputation, 1518 21727:A Mighty Fortress Is Our God 21057:Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek 20963:Resources in other libraries 20939:Resources in other libraries 20727:MacPhail, Eric (ed) (2023). 20704:Gulik, Egbertus van (2018). 20697:Furey, Constance M. (2009). 20628:Erasmus of the Low Countries 20424:Augustijn, Cornelis (1995). 20246:"Erasmus University College" 19836:Treu, Erwin (1959). pp.20–21 19680:Dequeker, J. (1 July 1991). 19647:"Erasmus' Illness in 1530". 18904:Journal of Religious History 18676:History of Political Thought 17164:"Letter of 6 September 1524" 16885:10.1017/CBO9780511560668.012 16108:History of Political Thought 15599:10.1080/10848770.2013.859793 13960:"Erasmus and His Amanuenses" 13958:Blair, Ann (13 March 2019). 13543:Erasmus of the Low Countries 12953:Erasmus, Desiderius (2016). 12726:10.1484/M.LECTIO-EB.5.116073 12337:UK public library membership 12079:Erasmus, Desiderius (1974). 11966:Erasmus, Desiderius (1989). 11630:Mazzonis, Querciolo (2018). 10993:DeMolen, Richard L. (1976). 10670:wrote in the Preface to his 9867:10.1017/CBO9780511553806.010 9268:History of Political Thought 9139:Fifth Council of the Lateran 8465:"When the Lutheran tragedy ( 7977:The Monastic Review Bulletin 7650:Erasmus University Rotterdam 7579: 6968:Erasmus, The Praise of Folly 6456: 5894:of the orthodox treatise of 5850:On the Preparation for Death 4603:On the war against the Turks 4571: 4433:secret inclination of nature 4243:Erasmus was not an absolute 3463:, a former pupil of Erasmus. 2393: 2363: 2318: 2311: 2222: 2125: 2080: 2037: 1967: 1953: 1946: 1918: 1858: 1851: 1799: 1776: 1742: 1673: 1659: 1591:Cities and Routes of Erasmus 1038:, later owned by his friend 147:, letters, author and editor 7: 27387:Dutch Renaissance humanists 27382:Dutch expatriates in France 25322:Theological intellectualism 23015:Best of all possible worlds 22972:Eschatological verification 22529:Fine-tuning of the universe 22052:Martin Luther's Death House 22047:Martin Luther's Birth House 21910:Hans and Margarethe Luther 21823:Priesthood of all believers 21280:Julius Excluded from Heaven 21137:. NGN produkties Amsterdam. 21085:(public domain audiobooks) 20745:McDonald, Grantley (2016). 20718:Martin, Terence J. (2016). 20085:Stein, Wilhelm (1929), p.78 19782:10.1093/rheumatology/keg474 19735:The Journal of Rheumatology 19517:Benedek, Thomas G. (1983). 19345:Moss, Ann (14 March 1996). 19012:Chaudhury, Sarbani (2014). 18453:. Charles Scribner's Sons. 18147:. University of Cambridge. 18108:Laytam, Miles J.J. (2007). 17412:, (1706), vol. 10, 1578BC. 16858:"The Colloquies of Erasmus" 16514:10.1007/978-3-030-79860-4_4 16244:10.21071/refime.v26i1.11846 15786:. University of Leicester. 15689:Cahill, Lisa Sowle (2019). 15457:10.1007/978-3-030-24929-8_6 14927:Żantuan, Konstanty (1965). 14868:Jan Van Herwaarden (2003), 14752:University of Toronto Press 14465:Bell, Aubrey F. G. (1941). 13742:"Erasmus House, Anderlecht" 13107:A Cambridge Alumni Database 13079:. Queenslib.wordpress.com. 12928:University of Toronto Press 12903:"Erasmus, Desiderius" 12537:10.3366/more.2014.51.3-4.13 12307:"Erasmus circle in England" 12191:Coroleu, Alejandro (2014). 11842:Kuhner, John Byron (2017). 11389:. Davidsfonds/Leuven, 2004. 11297:Miller, Clement A. (1966). 11241:The Cloister and the Hearth 9692:), and profane literature ( 9466:Tentler, Thomas N. (1965). 9143:Minnich, Nelson H. (1969). 8331:Life and Letters of Erasmus 7720:are named after him, as is 7570:'s 2009 documentary series 7496:Portrait of Erasmus (Dürer) 7285: 7238: 7151:Julius Excluded from Heaven 6727:of the traditional view". 4710:While many humanists, from 4238:Method of True Theology, 4 4214: 4016:Epitaph for Erasmus in the 3371:of Antwerp, in whose house 3221:Queens' College Old Library 2459:Thin line: alpine crossings 2370: 2208: 2023: 2002: 1995: 1911: 1904: 1693: 1640: 1166:Circle of Latin Secretaries 1051:Brethren of the Common Life 10: 27498: 27477:University of Turin alumni 27472:University of Paris alumni 26995:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 26985:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange 26270:Transubstantiation dispute 25700:Principle of double effect 22011:Albrecht VII. von Mansfeld 21662:On the Jews and Their Lies 21584:On the Bondage of the Will 21053:Works by and about Erasmus 20842:Collected Works of Erasmus 20733:. Leiden and Boston: Brill 20690:Dodds, Gregory D. (2010). 20558:; Flower, Barbara (1952). 20321:"Erasmus Building history" 19373:. In Eric MacPhail (ed.), 18591:10.3366/more.1991.28.2-3.4 18533:Eighteenth-Century Studies 18357:Scheck, Thomas P. (2016). 17376:Collected Works of Erasmus 17168:Collected Works of Erasmus 16815:Lusset, Elizabeth (2012). 16775:Wallace, Peter G. (2004). 16709:10.1017/CCOL0521772249.005 16577:10.1177/004056397103200415 16005:Trapman, Johannes (2013). 15827:10.1163/156853106776150225 15809:Dallmayr, Fred R. (2006). 15165:Trinkaus, Charles (1976). 14727:"Desiderius Erasmus" 13813:Müller, Christian (2006). 13774:Serikoff, Nicolaj (2004). 13468:10.14330/jeail.2009.2.2.05 13414:LSU Doctoral Dissertations 13393:Borusowski, Piotr (2020). 13109:. University of Cambridge. 13008:Seebohm, Frederic (1869). 12883:Cambridge (1964), 305-307. 12531:(3–4 (197–198)): 231–244. 11762:Collected Works of Erasmus 11464:World History Encyclopedia 11258:Grendler, Paul F. (1983). 11118:. London: Longmans, Green. 10573:10.1177/004057360706400109 10365:Hoffmann, Manfred (1994). 10177:10.1177/004057360706400109 9557:Contesting the Reformation 9472:Studies in the Renaissance 8164:Monastic Research Bulletin 7971:Haseldine, Julian (2006). 7662:Erasmus University College 7489: 7330:with linen and lace choir 7167: 7106: 7055: 7049: 6879:The Christology of Erasmus 6788:) and Gregory the Great's 6269:in relation to salvation. 6232:§ On Free Will (1524) 6229: 6223: 4826:Principle of Double Effect 4597:, which was then invading 4449:or absolutely mandated by 4312: 3930:In 1535, Erasmus' friends 3833:, Archbishop of Canterbury 3776:, his manual on preaching 3708:Freiburg (1529–1535) 3469:Field of the Cloth of Gold 3453:Field of the Cloth of Gold 1581: 1118:Congregation of Windesheim 794:scholarly editions of the 372:Criticism of Protestantism 185:Queens' College, Cambridge 42: 36: 29: 27244: 27163: 26972: 26831: 26701: 26577: 26456: 26313: 26220: 26080: 25974: 25912: 25903: 25831: 25770: 25567: 25344: 25314: 25276: 25233: 25195: 25188: 25165: 25099: 25046: 24950: 24938:Intellectuals and Society 24888:The Culture of Narcissism 24779: 24447: 24239: 24188: 24117: 24031: 24024: 23964: 23726: 23658: 23590: 23494: 23379: 23299: 23234: 23156: 23063: 23048: 23000: 22962: 22674: 22599: 22474: 22465: 22395: 22332: 22323: 22254: 22191: 22166: 22080: 22062:St. Augustine's Monastery 22019: 21903: 21813:Theology of Martin Luther 21803:Augsburg Confession, 1530 21747: 21694: 21495: 21477: 21419: 21388: 21355: 21344: 21239: 21226: 21016:Works by or about Erasmus 20958:Resources in your library 20934:Resources in your library 20817:, Ravenna, SBC Edizioni, 20763:. Palgrave Macmillan Cham 20756:. Palgrave Macmillan Cham 20736:Massing, Michael (2022). 20646: 20584:Jebb, Richard Claverhouse 19657:10.3138/9781442668331-008 19480:"Erasmus' Medical Milieu" 19287:10.1163/9789004539686_014 19236:10.1163/18712428-09604006 19095:Mccuaig, William (1994). 18980:Alianello, Emily (2019). 18967:10.7591/9780801463273-003 18841:10.1017/9781108761437.002 18776:The Communion of the Book 18735:10.1163/18749275-03901009 18092:10.1163/18749275-03601014 17818:10.1163/18749275-03502003 17733:10.1163/9789401202985_006 17641:10.1163/18749275-03702007 17603:10.1163/9789004539686_005 17570:10.1163/9789004255630_007 17205:10.3366/more.1983.20.1.22 17150:10.1163/18749275-13330103 17122:10.1163/18749275-04401002 16926:Green, Lowell C. (1974). 16697:"The theology of Erasmus" 16663:10.1515/9780228015857-009 16655:The Communion of the Book 16455:10.1515/9781501764769-005 16355:10.1007/978-3-030-24929-8 15480:10.1163/9789004539686_012 15380:10.1017/9781139017169.014 15303:10.1017/9781108775434.011 15152:10.1163/18749275-03601005 15058:10.1163/18749275-03901009 15005:Guggisbert, Hans (2003). 14894:"Erasmus and Switzerland" 14822:Sixteenth Century Journal 14591:. Geneva: Librairie Droz. 14452:10.1163/18749275-00000006 14402:10.3138/9781487532833-007 14321:10.3138/9781487532833-005 14275:10.3138/9781487532833-005 14182:10.1017/9781139087728.005 14011:10.3138/9781442660076-002 13976:10.1163/18749275-03901011 13512:10.1163/9789004255630_009 13397:. UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI. 13349:Seidel Menchi, S. (ed.). 13261:"Old Library Collections" 13165:Wine In The Ancient World 13162:Seltman, Charles (1957). 12854:Treu, Erwin (1959),pp.8–9 12825:10.1163/9789004473676_024 12755:. BoD – Books on Demand. 12601:10.1093/ehr/XXIV.XCIII.91 12255:10.1163/18749275-04102001 12046:10.1093/ehr/XXV.XCVII.123 12007:10.1163/15700690-12341402 10889:10.1163/18749275-03902002 10837:10.1515/9780823295289-004 10814:10.1017/9781108264945.005 10374:. University of Toronto. 10002:10.1163/9789004539686_005 9953:10.1163/18749275-00000005 9616:monachatus non est pietas 9341:Erasmus's Spanish friend 9293:"Erasmus' Medical Milieu" 9042:10.3138/9781487510206-020 8976:Surtz, Edward L. (1950). 8875:) where the prejudice is 8650:Congregation of the Index 8501:Prominent reformers like 8136:Dispensed of his vows of 7673:had an Erasmus Institute. 7243: 6881:(Publisher's description 6104:the former master of the 6100:, and Dominicans such as 6096:such as Jean Vitrier and 4721: 4302:medieval lay spirituality 4261:On the War with the Turks 3203:Erasmus mainly stayed at 3098: 3042:Doctor of Sacred Theology 2816:: Bishop Henry of Bergen, 2430: 2412: 2408: 2382: 2378: 2352: 2347: 2301: 2296: 2235: 2230: 2200: 2195: 2163: 2158: 2100: 2095: 2056: 2052: 2015: 2010: 1987: 1982: 1931: 1926: 1896: 1891: 1837: 1832: 1789: 1784: 1762: 1757: 1732: 1728: 1705: 1701: 1685: 1681: 1652: 1648: 1625: 1621: 1605: 1523: 627: 623: 615: 605: 595: 590: 586: 582: 578: 487: 478:Lectio difficilior potior 440: 380: 329: 303: 287: 277: 272: 203: 172: 167: 163: 151: 136: 128: 109: 85: 65: 53: 27337:Burials at Basel Münster 26909:Matthias Joseph Scheeben 26102:Athanasius of Alexandria 25994:First Epistle of Clement 24928:The Malaise of Modernity 24878:The History of Sexuality 23977:Catholic social teaching 23244:Friedrich Schleiermacher 22830:Theories about religions 22632:Inconsistent revelations 21865:Eucharist in Lutheranism 21791:Decet Romanum Pontificem 21072: 21059:(German Digital Library) 20848:, in English translation 20442:Barker, William (2022). 20126:european-union.europa.eu 19961:Panofsky, Erwin (1969). 19478:Krivatsy, Peter (1973). 19418:Kloss, Waldemar (1907). 18527:Chapin, Chester (1973). 18504:10.4102/aosis.2023.BK448 18474:Gilson, Étienne (1990). 18449:Gilson, Etienne (1937). 18403:The Sileni of Alcibiades 18363:Erasmus's Life of Origen 18193:Spitz, Lewis W. (1967). 18182:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebec. 17887:Linkels, Nicole (2013). 17307:A reference to Luther's 15911:Kieffer, Amanda (2006). 15665:"The End of Christendom" 15634:"The Complaint of Peace" 15316:Williams, W. J. (1927). 15272:10.1177/0014524608091090 14892:Campion, Edmund (2003). 14561:(Thesis). UC San Diego. 14052:Seaver, William (1959). 13192:10.1177/0024363920968427 12583:Gairdner, James (1909). 12486:"Erasmus' Greek Studies" 12445:Tracy, James D. (1972). 12372:. University of Chicago. 11882:www.1902encyclopedia.com 11844:"The Vatican's Latinist" 11750:Queering the Renaissance 11726:Kraebel, Andrew (2011). 10506:"Erasmus insists in the 10069:Rice, Eugene F. (1950). 9554:Dixon, C. Scott (2012). 9291:Krivatsy, Peter (1973). 8302:Schofield, John (2003). 7953:Thomson, D.F.S. (1969). 7846:house, Stein (or Steyn). 7741: 7676:The Erasmus Building in 7671:University of Notre Dame 7420:Hans Holbein the Younger 7045: 6549:According to theologian 6497:is regarded as his own. 6372: 6332:In 1529, Erasmus wrote " 6243:The Inquisition of Faith 4584: 4494:The Sileni of Alcibiades 3898:Hugo von Hohenlandenberg 3611:Adagiorum Chiliades tres 3518:Hans Holbein the Younger 3440:By 1518, he reported to 3435:Hieronymus van Busleyden 3267:Hieronymus van Busleyden 3152:Hans Holbein the Younger 2903: 2878:Hans Holbein the Younger 2536: 1032:Temptation of St Anthony 32:Erasmus (disambiguation) 27407:Greek–Latin translators 27020:Dietrich von Hildebrand 26884:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi 26758:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet 26738:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda 26280:Paulinus II of Aquileia 26275:Predestination disputes 25327:Theological voluntarism 25008:Philosophy of education 22067:Veste Coburg (Fortress) 21616:On War Against the Turk 21336:Ecclesiastes of Erasmus 21312:The Freedom of the Will 21047:German National Library 20813:Lorenzo Cortesi (2012) 20773:Winters, Adam. (2005). 20711:Payne, John B. (1970). 20387:10.1163/187492790X00085 20022:Cleveland Museum of Art 19936:Cleveland Museum of Art 19912:Stein, Wilhelm (1929). 19897:Stein, Wilhelm (1929). 19436:10.5840/monist190717138 19069:. Thomistic Institute. 18992:1961/cuislandora:213631 18944:10.1163/187492798X00069 18916:10.1111/1467-9809.00039 18654:10.1163/187492795X00053 18300:10.3138/j.ctt1287x95.12 17988:Caspari, Fritz (1947). 17689:Laursen, J. C. (2016). 16483:Payne, John B. (1970). 16447:The Salvation of Israel 15518:"Erasmus: Then and Now" 15449:Erasmus and the “Other” 15040:Moore, Michael (2019). 14794:10.1163/187492703X00036 14527:Mackay, Lauren (2019). 14034:Pastor, Ludwig (1923). 13674:Sowards, J. K. (1982). 13308:10.1163/002820390X00024 12909:Encyclopædia Britannica 11821:. Stroud: Sutton publ. 11705:. Nieuwkoop: De Graaf. 11361:Encyclopedia Britannica 11238:The 19th-century novel 11214:"Catholic Encyclopedia" 10731:Encyclopædia Britannica 10342:Furthermore, "the role 10298:between 1150 and 1180, 9913:goal of peace of mind, 9808:De recta pronuntiatione 8879:in order to subvert it. 8668:10.1163/187492700X00048 8507:Erasmus and Switzerland 8345:Bartholome de las Casas 8138:stability and obedience 8124:10.1163/157006994X00117 7923:On Spiritual Friendship 7414:Painting of Erasmus as 7356:) or long black cloak. 6938:superficially repellent 6679:Method of True Theology 6149:Lucas Cranach the Elder 4942:Theological determinism 4700:Christians in Antioch. 4623: 4479:In a letter to Cardial 4354:, and his wide-ranging 4339:Dulce bellum inexpertis 4277:development of doctrine 4247:but promoted political 3850:Alonso Manrique de Lara 3490:Basel (1521–1529) 3249:Burgundy/Louvain circle 3186:University of Cambridge 3099:Neakadêmia (Νεακαδημία) 2770:Publio Fausto Andrelini 2566:Publio Fausto Andrelini 2457:Dark circles: residence 1064:The Imitation of Christ 973:Compendium vitae Erasmi 856:matters of indifference 837:On Civility in Children 424:Novum Instrumentum omne 403:On Civility in Children 367:Philosophy of education 311:University of Cambridge 123:, Old Swiss Confederacy 27482:Writers from Rotterdam 27256:Catholicism portal 27105:Hans Urs von Balthasar 26904:Tommaso Maria Zigliara 26844:Félicité de La Mennais 26523:The Cloud of Unknowing 26024:The Shepherd of Hermas 25843:Catholicism portal 23947: 23901: 23887: 23108:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers 22248:Philosophy of religion 22140:Martin Luther, Heretic 22032:Stadtkirche Wittenberg 21798:Marburg Colloquy, 1529 21296:Paraphrases of Erasmus 21248:Prosopopeia Britanniae 21096:from BBC Radio 4 with 21067:Swiss National Library 20858:Rabil, Albert (2001). 20730:A Companion to Erasmus 20715:, Research in Theology 20604:Rummel, Erika (2004). 19375:A Companion to Erasmus 19279:A Companion to Erasmus 18371:10.2307/j.ctt19rmcgd.7 18316:Flowers of Freethought 18313:Foote, George (1894). 18199:Reformers in Profile: 17858:Innerd, W. L. (1969). 17595:A Companion to Erasmus 17378:, Vol. 76, pp. 204–05. 17351:. Brill. p. 172. 16852:A Religious Pilgrimage 16695:Rummel, Erika (2004). 16378:Rummel, Erika (1989). 16296:Jewish Virtual Library 16292:"Erasmus of Rotterdam" 16065:Froude, James Anthony 16053:apostoliki-diakonia.gr 15472:A Companion to Erasmus 15183:10.14315/arg-1976-jg01 15109:10.14315/arg-1987-jg03 14555:Ingram, Kevin (2006). 14352:Wilson, Derek (1996). 13653:. Palgrave Macmillan. 13290:Rummel, Erika (1990). 12979:"History and Archives" 12786:Treu, Erwin (1959),p.8 12661:10.3366/more.2022.0119 12484:Giese, Rachel (1934). 12322:10.1093/ref:odnb/96813 11399:Roosen, Joris (2020). 11260:"In Praise of Erasmus" 10928:: 215–55, esp. 238–39. 10463:Not a novel idea: see 10236:Philosophia christiana 10130:Erasmus to Thomas Grey 9994:A Companion to Erasmus 9812:Bacchi, Elisa (2019). 9697: 9689: 9681: 9387: 9379: 9361:similarly came from a 9026:" R. Sider translates 9023: 8947: 8896:Jewish Virtual Library 8892:"Erasmus of Rotterdam" 8470: 7997: 7887:Reformation: A History 7784: 7487: 7479: 7439: 7433: 7422: 7376: 7352: 7337: 7315: 7297: 7216: 7198: 7183: 7164:Legacy and evaluations 7157:The Complaint of Peace 7043: 7001: 6983:patristic commentators 6971: 6887: 6705: 6683: 6642:classical philosophers 6635:Philosophia Christiana 6620: 6590: 6578: 6547: 6525: 6445: 6436:Philosophy and Erasmus 6370: 6347: 6325: 6306: 6272:Luther responded with 6217: 6195: 6174: 6151: 6037: 5990: 5937:Protestant Reformation 5932: 5871: 5778:Catholicism portal 5130:Gregory (of Nazianzus) 4994:Christian Neoplatonism 4633: 4601:, notably in his book 4549: 4546:Letter to Martin Bucer 4499: 4461: 4352:Field of Cloth of Gold 4338: 4308: 4295: 4292:The Complaint of Peace 4273:The Complaint of Peace 4241: 4067: 4059: 4020: 3867:Complutensian Polyglot 3845: 3834: 3741: 3673: 3647:Novum testamentum omne 3583: 3564:Christoph von Utenheim 3464: 3363: 3154: 3089:of the famous printer 3082: 3053: 2885: 1150: 1101: 1042: 1015: 972: 949: 825:The Complaint of Peace 804:Protestant Reformation 515:Johannes Oecolampadius 461:Erasmian pronunciation 93: 28 October 1466 27422:Natural law ethicists 27362:Deaths from dysentery 27342:Catholic philosophers 27030:Marie-Dominique Chenu 26949:Marie-Joseph Lagrange 26934:Désiré-Joseph Mercier 26818:Clement Mary Hofbauer 26813:Johann Michael Sailer 26240:Maximus the Confessor 25932:History of the papacy 25855:Philosophy portal 25670:Infused righteousness 25013:Philosophy of history 25003:Philosophy of culture 24898:A Conflict of Visions 23643:Faith and rationality 23598:Criticism of religion 23536:Robert Merrihew Adams 23526:Nicholas Wolterstorff 22729:Divine command theory 21946:Bartholomaeus Arnoldi 21941:Albert of Brandenburg 21818:Theology of the Cross 21704:First Lutheran hymnal 21632:Articles of Schwabach 20864:Renaissance Quarterly 20706:Erasmus and His Books 20608:. London: Continuum. 20518:Froude, James Anthony 20478:Erasmus: the reformer 20343:queensconferences.com 20287:. Europa (web portal) 19622:Renaissance Quarterly 19570:Renaissance Quarterly 19033:10.14277/2420-823X/3p 18806:www.christianunity.va 18495:The Belgic Confession 18226:10.3138/9781487533250 18172:Harold W. Attridge, “ 17539:26 March 2023 at the 17434:10.3138/9781442660076 16608:10.3138/9781487533250 16384:Renaissance Quarterly 16273:Renaissance Quarterly 15755:10.1057/9780230583641 15745:White, R. S. (2008). 15091:Tracy, James (1987). 14733:Catholic Encyclopedia 14615:10.3138/9781487536695 13999:Introductpry Note in 13902:10.3138/9781442680944 13623:10.3138/9781442681019 13383:Kaminska, Barbara A. 13179:The Linacre Quarterly 12898:Allen, Percy Stafford 12881:The Adages of Erasmus 12562:. Turnhout: Brepols. 12490:The Classical Journal 11557:Renaissance Quarterly 11303:The Musical Quarterly 11190:10.3138/9781442674554 11131:Cornelius Augustijn, 11086:Renaissance Quarterly 10959:Renaissance Quarterly 10770:Catholic Encyclopedia 10368:Rhetoric and Theology 10300:Nicolas of Autrecourt 9719:Catholic Encyclopedia 9656:Catholic Encyclopedia 9540:for years before the 8961:Note that the use of 8873:the Mote and the Beam 8696:Kerr, Fergus (2005). 8637:Francis Aidan Gasquet 8471:Lutheranae tragoediae 7490:Further information: 7485: 7469: 7431: 7413: 7374: 7293: 7206: 7185: 7177: 7018: 6975: 6960: 6869: 6691: 6669: 6659:In works such as his 6606: 6580: 6576: 6536: 6514: 6443: 6351: 6342: 6338:Gerardus Geldenhouwer 6311: 6288: 6230:Further information: 6207: 6190: 6138: 6016: 5976: 5926: 5919:Institutional reforms 5869: 5790:Philosophy portal 4631: 4538: 4485: 4459: 4378:Cicero and John Colet 4284: 4231: 4190:Second Temple Judaism 4108:Biographers, such as 4015: 3992:for five years under 3840: 3829: 3816:Preparation for Death 3812:Praeparatio ad mortem 3737: 3671: 3573: 3450: 3412:Ferdinand of Hapsburg 3354: 3146: 3069: 2875: 2834:Abbey of Saint Bertin 2231:Freiburg im Breisgau 1091: 1026: 940: 591:Ecclesiastical career 27206:Raniero Cantalamessa 27176:Alice von Hildebrand 27125:Edward Schillebeeckx 26803:Maria Gaetana Agnesi 26688:Lawrence of Brindisi 26618:Francisco de Vitoria 26408:Beatrice of Nazareth 26383:Hugh of Saint Victor 26363:Bernard of Clairvaux 26343:Anselm of Canterbury 26305:John Scotus Eriugena 26300:Paschasius Radbertus 26147:Gregory of Nazianzus 26041:Epistle to Diognetus 25803:Doctor of the Church 25685:Ontological argument 25018:Political philosophy 24818:Democracy in America 23633:Religious philosophy 23113:Pico della Mirandola 23078:Anselm of Canterbury 23010:Augustinian theodicy 22922:Religious skepticism 22255:Concepts in religion 21875:Words of Institution 21772:Leipzig Debate, 1519 21220:Erasmus of Rotterdam 21135:www.ngnprodukties.nl 21131:"Sporen van Erasmus" 21111:Desiderius Erasmus: 20985:"Desiderius Erasmus" 20973:"Desiderius Erasmus" 20759:Ron, Nathan (2021). 20752:Ron, Nathan (2019). 20639:Erasmus of Rotterdam 20572:The Cloister Library 20325:www.queens.cam.ac.uk 20270:. 19 September 2010. 19698:10.1136/ard.50.7.517 18869:. 1517 Media. 2017. 18670:Remer, Gary (1989). 18606:Studies in Philology 18195:"Desiderius Erasmus" 18136:van Kooten, George. 18049:"Desiderius Erasmus" 17779:10.3138/j.ctt1kgqwzz 17757:Dealy, Ross (2017). 17296:publisher's abstract 16746:"The Erasmus Option" 16498:Ron, Nathan (2021). 16345:Ron, Nathan (2019). 16319:Erasmus and the Jews 16278:29 July 2023 at the 16223:Ron, Nathan (2019). 16156:Howell, Rob (2003). 16007:"Erasmus and Heresy" 15581:Ron, Nathan (2014). 15260:The Expository Times 15032:Terrence J. Martin, 14711:www.italicapress.com 13878:quoting G. Bartrum, 13744:. 14 February 2016. 13649:Ron, Nathan (2021). 13579:expo.bib.kuleuven.be 12353:Treu, Erwin (1959). 12304:Baker House, Simon. 11636:Archivium Hibernicum 11460:"Desiderius Erasmus" 11315:10.1093/mq/LII.3.332 11264:The Wilson Quarterly 11051:"Desiderius Erasmus" 10780:13 June 2010 at the 10762:13 June 2010 at the 9402:Johannes Pfefferkorn 9359:Francisco de Vergara 8982:Studies in Philology 8329:Froud, J.A. (1896). 8203:eternal punishment." 7921:'s influential book 7892:Erasmus of Rotterdam 7597:is named after him. 7566:portrays Erasmus in 7474:, 1526, engraved in 6991:methodological works 6953:Theological writings 6877:Terrence J. Martin, 6328:"False evangelicals" 6220:Dispute on free will 6068:evangelical counsels 6061:evangelical counsels 5898:against the heretic 5026:Second scholasticism 4712:Pico della Mirandola 4705:Paraphrase on Romans 4697:intellectual milieux 4682:Johannes Pfefferkorn 4654:racially antisemitic 4591:public policy debate 4523:Theodore the Studite 4167:In a 1518 letter to 4140:Manner of expression 3725:Freiburg im Breisgau 3678:German Peasants' War 3431:University of Alcalá 3243:Flanders and Brabant 2733:Erasmus also became 2713:University of Oxford 1110:Gouda, South Holland 808:Catholic Reformation 769:Northern Renaissance 733:Erasmus of Rotterdam 362:Political philosophy 321:University of Leuven 316:University of Oxford 295:Renaissance humanism 282:Northern Renaissance 30:For other uses, see 27352:Counter-Reformation 27347:Christian humanists 27181:Carlo Maria Martini 27145:Johann Baptist Metz 27115:Frederick Copleston 26939:Friedrich von Hügel 26899:Joseph Hergenröther 26879:Gaetano Sanseverino 26859:Ignaz von Döllinger 26783:Nicolas Malebranche 26623:Thomas of Villanova 26584:Counter-Reformation 26564:Girolamo Savonarola 26378:Hildegard of Bingen 26187:Cyril of Alexandria 26030:Aristides of Athens 26017:Epistle of Barnabas 26006:Ignatius of Antioch 25944:Ecumenical councils 25630:Divine illumination 25286:Augustinian realism 25154:Theological virtues 25093:Catholic philosophy 24858:One-Dimensional Man 23618:History of religion 23319:Friedrich Nietzsche 23196:Gottfried W Leibniz 23191:Nicolas Malebranche 23123:King James VI and I 22403:Abrahamic religions 22205:Theologia Germanica 21971:Johann von Staupitz 21785:Diet of Worms, 1521 21670:Vom Schem Hamphoras 21378:Apophthegmatum opus 21102:Diarmaid MacCulloch 21094:In Our Time podcast 20827:Pep Mayolas (2014) 20793:Erasme et l'Espagne 20625:, James D. (1997). 20480:. London: Methuen. 19914:Holbein der Jüngere 19899:Holbein der Jüngere 19101:The Medieval Review 19016:The Praise Of Folly 18759:Word and Supplement 18145:Faculty of Divinity 16565:Theological Studies 15587:The European Legacy 14992:10.1093/ehr/ceaa149 13847:35 (April): 109–20. 13271:on 13 December 2013 13224:The Recipes Project 13134:World Civilizations 12689:. 23 October 2023. 11943:Laboratoire Italien 11926:Extract of page 159 11907:Hunt Janin (2014). 11055:Winter 2009 Edition 10654:The Praise of Folly 10626:everything else on. 9922:consensus Ecclesiae 9644:Exequiae Seriphicae 9392:In the case of the 9254:Letter to Paul Volz 8143:6 June 2019 at the 7882:Diarmaid MacCulloch 7551:St. Lawrence Church 7446:I concede to no-one 7221:during his lifetime 7202:Christian humanists 7145:The Praise of Folly 7139:Protestant bibles. 6933:The Praise of Folly 6912:philosophia christi 6895:Sermon on the Mount 6833:theologia rhetorica 6716:, inverbation, and 6708:Theology of Erasmus 6665:philosophia Christi 6646:philosophia Christi 6640:Erasmus approached 6628:Philosophia Christi 6615:The Praise of Folly 6053:The Praise of Folly 6031:Erasmus, "Charon", 5995:The Praise of Folly 5929:Portrait of Erasmus 4856:Liberation Theology 4757:Catholic philosophy 4502:Heresy and Sedition 4415:of Poland in 1527. 4413:Sigismund I the Old 4200:Spanish Inquisition 4098:Sebastian Castellio 4093:Bonifacius Amerbach 3925:Catherine of Aragon 3886:Guillaume Briçonnet 3560:Antoine I. de Vergy 3514:Bonifacius Amerbach 3419:Collegium Trilingue 3387:running the nearby 3130:The Praise of Folly 3118:The Praise of Folly 3050:University of Turin 3031:New Testament Notes 2688:Catherine of Aragon 2678: • 2639:Christopher Urswick 2547:Collège de Montaigu 2543:University of Paris 2485:), escape from the 1282:defects of natality 1250:Catholic priesthood 1068:Peter left for the 1055:Epistle to Grunnius 819:The Praise of Folly 784:humanist techniques 550:William Shakespeare 545:Miguel de Cervantes 448:Philosophia Christi 389:The Praise of Folly 288:School or tradition 190:University of Turin 180:University of Paris 168:Academic background 27392:Dutch rhetoricians 27332:Augustinian canons 27277:Desiderius Erasmus 27196:Alasdair MacIntyre 27075:Nouvelle théologie 26964:Thérèse of Lisieux 26808:Alfonso Muzzarelli 26748:Jean-Jacques Olier 26718:Tommaso Campanella 26633:Francisco de Osuna 26628:Ignatius of Loyola 26497:Catherine of Siena 26393:Robert Grosseteste 26290:Benedict of Aniane 26230:Isidore of Seville 26172:Augustine of Hippo 26137:Cyril of Jerusalem 26132:Hilary of Poitiers 25798:Islamic philosophy 25752:Trademark argument 25645:Formal distinction 25595:Augustinian values 25268:Analytical Thomism 25248:Christian humanism 24978:Cultural pessimism 24973:Cultural criticism 23872:National character 23628:Religious language 23608:Ethics in religion 23566:William Lane Craig 23441:Charles Hartshorne 23181:Desiderius Erasmus 23083:Augustine of Hippo 23025:Inconsistent triad 22987:Apophatic theology 22982:Logical positivism 22964:Religious language 22584:Watchmaker analogy 22549:Necessary existent 22325:Conceptions of God 22285:Intelligent design 22006:Frederick the Wise 21991:Philip Melanchthon 21917:Katharina von Bora 21711:Erfurt Enchiridion 21504:Ninety-five Theses 21264:In Praise of Folly 21000:Desiderius Erasmus 20685:Erasmus: Wild Bird 20526:. Scribner's Sons. 20345:. Queens' College. 20339:"The Erasmus Room" 20327:. Queens' College. 20285:"Erasmus Building" 20148:"Erasmus Lectures" 19025:English Literature 18762:. Oxford Academic. 18282:The Erasmus Reader 18257:Hitchcock, James. 17917:Thorsrud, Harald. 17224:Project Guttenberg 17218:Emerton, Ephraim. 17078:www.britannica.com 16856:Seery, Stephenia. 14986:(575): 1016–1018. 14213:www.britannica.com 14173:Reformation Europe 13864:. British Museum. 13220:"Bibulous Erasmus" 12687:www.britannica.com 12451:. Librairie Droz. 12171:10.17863/CAM.81488 11503:, and Olsen, Ted. 11458:Cartwright, Mark. 11357:"Alexander Hegius" 11299:"Erasmus on Music" 10757:Desiderius Erasmus 10755:Sauer, J. (1909). 10526:Alexander of Hales 10524:, associated with 10346:plays in Erasmus' 10319:Accommodation and 10246:; wherever it was 10234:A Lutheran view: " 9996:. pp. 45–67. 9861:. pp. 86–99. 9748:on 7 February 2007 9698:prophanae litterae 9536:"Erasmus had been 9030:as "he prevailed" 8815:10.1086/SCJ4801005 8698:"Comment: Erasmus" 8372:and Venetian gold 7992:Letter to Grunnius 7919:Aelred of Rievaulx 7772:Erasmus of Formiae 7648:Rotterdam has the 7542:Hendrick de Keyser 7488: 7480: 7434: 7423: 7377: 7320:habit of his order 7316: 7184: 6862:he had given this 6805:Philip Melanchthon 6579: 6569:Anti-scholasticism 6446: 6407:Heinrich Eppendorf 6188:in 1524 he wrote: 6186:Philip Melanchthon 6152: 6145:Philip Melanchthon 6106:Order of Preachers 6042:Augustinian Canons 5933: 5904:transubstantiation 5872: 5135:Gregory (of Nyssa) 4863:Christian Humanism 4634: 4513:Inquisitio de fide 4470:De libero arbitrio 4468:. For example, in 4462: 4398:Adrianus Barlandus 4116:Manner of thinking 4021: 3879:Ignatius of Loyola 3875:Alonso III Fonseca 3846: 3844:, Bishop of Durham 3835: 3802:Explanatio Symboli 3742: 3690:Cornelius Grapheus 3674: 3598:and later his son 3584: 3536: • 3532: • 3528: • 3524: • 3520: • 3512: • 3508: • 3504: • 3465: 3389:diocese of Tournai 3364: 3338:Hermannus Buschius 3306: • 3302: • 3298: • 3283:Cornelius Grapheus 3281: • 3279:Nicolas Cleynaerts 3277: • 3273: • 3269: • 3265: • 3261: • 3257: • 3233:Master of Requests 3175:Convocation sermon 3155: 3083: 3014:personal physician 2958: • 2954: • 2950: • 2946: • 2942: • 2938: • 2934: • 2930: • 2926: • 2922: • 2918: • 2886: 2800: • 2796: • 2792: • 2788: • 2784: • 2780: • 2776: • 2772: • 2757:France and Brabant 2686: • 2682: • 2674: • 2670: • 2657: • 2653: • 2649: • 2645: • 2641: • 2637: • 2633: • 2629: • 2625: • 2621: • 2617: • 2613: • 2609: • 2605: • 2601: • 2597: • 2501:), royal counsel ( 2493:), employment (to 1983:Brussels, Antwerp 1626:Oxford, Cambridge 1226: • 1222: • 1218: • 1214: • 1206: • 1202: • 1200:Cornelius Grapheus 1198: • 1194: • 1190: • 1186: • 1182: • 1178: • 1139:Letter to Grunnius 1133:Certain abuses in 1122:Squire Francis War 1102: 1043: 1010:Rudolphus Agricola 963:the bubonic plague 950: 946:Hendrick de Keyser 932:Erasmus of Formiae 879:. His influential 741:Christian humanist 555:Ignatius of Loyola 505:Philip Melanchthon 259:Augustine of Hippo 60:Desiderius Erasmus 18:Desiderius Erasmus 27447:Proto-Protestants 27264: 27263: 27191:Gustavo Gutiérrez 27186:Pope Benedict XVI 27171:Pope John Paul II 27070:Josemaría Escrivá 27060:Henri Daniel-Rops 26944:Vladimir Solovyov 26924:Neo-scholasticism 26864:John Henry Newman 26798:Louis de Montfort 26793:Alphonsus Liguori 26788:Giambattista Vico 26723:Pierre de Bérulle 26709:French Revolution 26678:Robert Bellarmine 26658:John of the Cross 26544:Julian of Norwich 26502:Bridget of Sweden 26492:John of Ruusbroec 26482:William of Ockham 26398:Francis of Assisi 26388:Dominic de Guzmán 26358:Decretum Gratiani 26333:Berengar of Tours 26222:Early Middle Ages 26192:Peter Chrysologus 26142:Basil of Caesarea 26127:Ephrem the Syrian 26067:Antipope Novatian 25863: 25862: 25778:Catholic theology 25725:Seven deadly sins 25695:Peripatetic axiom 25605:Cartesian dualism 25340: 25339: 25306:Scotistic realism 25263:Neo-scholasticism 25059: 25058: 24775: 24774: 23920:Spontaneous order 23910:Social alienation 23759:Cultural heritage 23720:Social philosophy 23686: 23685: 23586: 23585: 23546:Peter van Inwagen 23531:Richard Swinburne 23476:George I Mavrodes 23336:Vladimir Solovyov 23276:Søren Kierkegaard 23201:William Wollaston 23148:William of Ockham 23128:Marcion of Sinope 23030:Irenaean theodicy 23020:Euthyphro dilemma 22947:Transcendentalism 22776:Womanist theology 22766:Feminist theology 22670: 22669: 22461: 22460: 22347:Divine simplicity 22267:Euthyphro dilemma 22214: 22213: 22178:, Washington D.C. 21986:Andreas Karlstadt 21937: 21929: 21921: 21913: 21870:Sacramental union 21743: 21742: 21647:Smalcald Articles 21437: 21436: 21117:Christian Bartolf 21108:, and Jill Kraye. 21011:Project Gutenberg 20915:Library resources 20823:978-88-6347-271-4 20789:Bataillon, Marcel 20637:, Stefan (1937). 20568:Harper Torchbacks 20564:. Harper Collins. 20547:978-0-631-19388-3 20192:"Erasmus Studies" 20025:. 31 October 2018 19939:. 31 October 2018 19872:"Erasmus' bonnet" 19666:978-1-4426-6833-1 19135:www.gutenberg.org 19061:Aquinas, Thomas. 18876:978-1-5064-2337-1 18850:978-1-108-76143-7 18513:978-1-77995-289-9 18460:978-0-89870-748-9 18235:978-1-4875-3325-0 17974:978-1-139-05363-1 17721:Faux Titre Online 17475:978-1-108-47797-0 17443:978-1-4426-6007-6 17333:978-0-8020-4317-7 16904:aldine.lib.sfu.ca 16898:Willinsky, John. 16786:978-0-333-64451-5 16672:978-0-2280-1585-7 16617:978-1-4875-3325-0 16523:978-3-030-79859-8 16364:978-3-030-24928-1 16197:978-0-8132-3802-9 15873:978-0-520-30403-1 15764:978-1-349-36295-0 15702:978-1-5064-3165-9 15318:"Erasmus the Man" 15241:978-1-139-05550-5 14933:The Polish Review 14705:Ruth, Jeffrey S. 14624:978-1-4875-3669-5 14411:978-1-4875-3283-3 14330:978-1-4875-3283-3 14284:978-1-4875-3283-3 14191:978-1-107-60354-7 14099:The Low Countries 14020:978-1-4426-6007-6 13911:978-1-4426-8094-4 13845:Library Quarterly 13830:978-3-7913-3580-3 13660:978-3-030-79859-8 13632:978-1-4426-8101-9 13553:978-0-520-08745-3 13521:978-90-04-25563-0 12762:978-3-7523-4313-7 12735:978-2-503-58077-7 12569:978-2-503-60225-7 12458:978-2-600-03041-0 12335:(Subscription or 12207:978-1-4438-5894-6 12090:978-1-4426-6833-1 11979:978-0-8020-2656-9 11920:978-0-7864-5201-9 11848:The New Criterion 11764:, vol. 1, p. 12 ( 11712:978-90-6004-392-9 11415:978-94-6416-146-5 11199:978-1-4426-7455-4 11049:Nauert, Charles. 10846:978-0-8232-9528-9 10381:978-0-8020-0579-3 10296:John of Salisbury 9769:further scrutiny. 9690:sacrae scripturae 9642:See the collequy 9571:978-1-4051-1323-6 9092:"The argument of 8708:(1003): 257–258. 8595:Expositio Fidelis 8532:Augustinus Marius 8528:Augustinian Canon 8520:Haus zum Walfisch 8246:Roth, F. (1965). 7799:Hieronymous Bosch 7695:Rotterdam has an 7602:Erasmus Programme 7591:exchange students 7587:Erasmus Programme 7546:statue of Erasmus 7397:Alexander Stewart 7261:sweating sickness 7233:Popes and Bishops 7229:semi-secret trial 7194:Renaissance Types 7088:De ratione studii 7072:Ulrich von Hutten 6926:Mystical theology 6551:George van Kooten 6386:Ulrich von Hutten 6112:Protestant reform 6098:Cardinal Cisneros 6002:Anti-fraternalism 5972:radical offshoots 5900:Berengar of Tours 5827: 5826: 5760: 5759: 5645:Garrigou-Lagrange 4954:Divine Attributes 4716:Johannes Reuchlin 4613:for the latter. 4566:Münster rebellion 4481:Lorenzo Campeggio 4376:", which owes to 4225:Nativity of Jesus 4104:Thought and views 3982:Oath of Supremacy 3978:Cuthbert Tunstall 3952:Expositio Fidelis 3923:; in early 1536, 3896:and Swiss bishop 3842:Cuthbert Tunstall 3721:Augustinus Marius 3680:(1524–1525), the 3600:Hieronymus Froben 3542:Augustinus Marius 3506:Hieronymus Froben 3421:for the study of 3342:Ulrich von Hutten 3304:Ulrich von Hutten 3255:Adrian of Utrecht 3110:Alexander Stewart 3074:, Venice (1501): 2964:Tommaso Inghirami 2928:Alexander Stewart 2858:Philip "the Fair" 2684:Margaret Beaufort 2651:Lorenzo Campeggio 2623:Cuthbert Tunstall 2487:sweating sickness 2477:), education (to 2467: 2466: 2455:Green: early life 2450: 2449: 2303:Florence, Ferrara 1927:'s-Hertogenbosch 1239:Bishop of Cambrai 1212:Alfonso de Valdés 1204:Johannes Secundus 1028:Hieronymous Bosch 942:Statue of Erasmus 631: 630: 565:John Henry Newman 540:François Rabelais 357:Catholic theology 347:Pastoral theology 16:(Redirected from 27489: 27452:Proverb scholars 27254: 27253: 27095:Emmanuel Mounier 27090:Bernard Lonergan 27015:Georges Bernanos 27000:Jacques Maritain 26980:G. K. Chesterton 26869:Henri Lacordaire 26768:Cornelius Jansen 26763:François Fénelon 26693:Francis de Sales 26683:Francisco Suárez 26554:Nicholas of Cusa 26438:Siger of Brabant 26423:Boetius of Dacia 26403:Anthony of Padua 26348:Joachim of Fiore 26328:Gregory of Narek 26315:High Middle Ages 26260:John of Damascus 26152:Gregory of Nyssa 25890: 25883: 25876: 25867: 25866: 25853: 25852: 25851: 25841: 25840: 25665:Homo unius libri 25610:Cogito, ergo sum 25600:Cardinal virtues 25301:Moderate realism 25193: 25192: 25183: 25182: 25177: 25176: 25171: 25170: 25109:Cardinal virtues 25086: 25079: 25072: 25063: 25062: 25023:Social criticism 24943: 24933: 24923: 24913: 24903: 24893: 24883: 24873: 24863: 24853: 24843: 24833: 24823: 24813: 24803: 24793: 24029: 24028: 24011:Frankfurt School 23989:Communitarianism 23952: 23906: 23892: 23713: 23706: 23699: 23690: 23689: 23676: 23675: 23666: 23571:Ali Akbar Rashad 23434:Reinhold Niebuhr 23394:Bertrand Russell 23389:George Santayana 23286:Albrecht Ritschl 23271:Ludwig Feuerbach 23061: 23060: 23057:(by date active) 22917:Process theology 22662:Russell's teapot 22472: 22471: 22467:Existence of God 22377:Process theology 22330: 22329: 22315:Theological veto 22278:religious belief 22241: 22234: 22227: 22218: 22217: 22168:Luther Monuments 21981:Karl von Miltitz 21961:Johann Cochlaeus 21935: 21927: 21925:Magdalena Luther 21919: 21911: 21692: 21691: 21464: 21457: 21450: 21441: 21440: 21427: 21426: 21350: 21213: 21206: 21199: 21190: 21189: 21181: 21180: 21169: 21168: 21157: 21156: 21155: 21148: 21138: 21090: 21089: 21079:Works by Erasmus 21020:Internet Archive 21007:Works by Erasmus 20994: 20903: 20846:U. Toronto Press 20670: 20619: 20591: 20565: 20551: 20527: 20513: 20496:Emerton, Ephraim 20491: 20465: 20454:. Fearn: Focus. 20439: 20406: 20405: 20403: 20401: 20366: 20360: 20353: 20347: 20346: 20335: 20329: 20328: 20317: 20311: 20310: 20303: 20297: 20296: 20294: 20292: 20281: 20272: 20271: 20260: 20254: 20253: 20242: 20236: 20235: 20224: 20218: 20217: 20206: 20200: 20199: 20188: 20182: 20181: 20169: 20163: 20162: 20160: 20158: 20144: 20138: 20137: 20135: 20133: 20128:. 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Brill Archive. 16797: 16791: 16790: 16772: 16766: 16765: 16763: 16761: 16744:Wolfe, Gregory. 16741: 16735: 16734: 16732: 16730: 16692: 16677: 16676: 16650: 16644: 16643: 16636: 16630: 16629: 16595: 16589: 16588: 16560: 16554: 16553: 16547: 16539: 16537: 16535: 16495: 16489: 16488: 16480: 16474: 16473: 16465: 16459: 16458: 16442: 16436: 16435: 16433: 16431: 16375: 16369: 16368: 16342: 16336: 16335: 16333: 16331: 16314: 16308: 16307: 16305: 16303: 16288: 16282: 16270: 16268: 16266: 16260: 16229: 16220: 16214: 16213: 16211: 16209: 16181: 16170: 16169: 16153: 16147: 16146: 16144: 16142: 16122: 16116: 16115: 16103: 16097: 16096: 16094: 16092: 16087:. 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10215: 10208: 10200:Erasmus (1516). 10196: 10190: 10188: 10152: 10146: 10139: 10133: 10126: 10120: 10118: 10116: 10114: 10065: 10059: 10052: 10046: 10039: 10033: 10022: 10016: 10015: 9989: 9976: 9970: 9963: 9957: 9956: 9891: 9885: 9884: 9854: 9848: 9844: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9800: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9772:MacPhail, Eric. 9764: 9758: 9757: 9755: 9753: 9744:. Archived from 9736: 9730: 9727: 9721: 9709:Future cardinal 9707: 9701: 9664: 9658: 9652: 9646: 9640: 9634: 9625: 9619: 9613: 9607: 9604: 9598: 9591: 9585: 9582: 9576: 9575: 9534: 9528: 9525: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9511: 9461: 9455: 9451: 9445: 9439: 9433: 9421: 9415: 9372: 9366: 9340: 9338: 9336: 9282: 9276: 9275: 9262: 9256: 9250: 9244: 9242: 9228:De bello Turcico 9226:"...the goal of 9224: 9218: 9214: 9208: 9205: 9199: 9192: 9186: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9137:speaking at the 9131: 9125: 9122: 9116: 9113: 9107: 9104: 9098: 9097:nonfunctional." 9090: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9070: 9064: 9063: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 8959: 8954:Erasmus (1523). 8950: 8943: 8937: 8918: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8886: 8880: 8857:de bello Turcico 8853: 8847: 8844: 8838: 8836: 8826: 8797: 8788: 8780: 8774: 8766: 8760: 8753: 8747: 8740: 8734: 8733: 8692: 8686: 8678: 8672: 8671: 8646: 8640: 8624: 8618: 8604: 8598: 8591: 8585: 8582: 8576: 8568: 8562: 8559: 8553: 8550: 8544: 8541: 8535: 8516: 8510: 8499: 8493: 8489: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8463: 8457: 8450: 8444: 8441: 8435: 8420: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8387: 8381: 8366: 8360: 8341: 8335: 8334: 8325: 8319: 8317: 8294: 8288: 8284: 8278: 8275: 8238: 8232: 8228: 8222: 8219: 8213: 8210: 8204: 8196: 8190: 8187: 8181: 8178: 8172: 8171: 8158: 8152: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8106: 8100: 8092: 8086: 8083: 8077: 8073: 8067: 8056: 8050: 8038: 8029: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8000: 7988: 7982: 7980: 7966: 7959:De Gulden Passer 7947: 7941: 7912: 7906: 7898:26 (1975), 403" 7879: 7873: 7853: 7847: 7840: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7808: 7802: 7795: 7789: 7787: 7761: 7755: 7752: 7636:Joseph Ratzinger 7442: 7340: 7300: 7214: 7213:Christophe Ocker 7196: 7103:Notable writings 7097:Dürer's portrait 7052:Works of Erasmus 7041: 6999: 6987:exegetical works 6969: 6885: 6803:, and with both 6703: 6681: 6618: 6588: 6545: 6523: 6368: 6323: 6304: 6215: 6179: 6102:Cardinal Cajetan 6035: 5988: 5927:Albrecht Dürer, 5819: 5812: 5805: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5776: 5775: 5165:John of Damascus 5073: 5072: 4903:Moderate realism 4811:Cardinal virtues 4783: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4742: 4735: 4734: 4731:Religious reform 4674:Adversus Judaeos 4593:on war with the 4547: 4510:. Erasmus wrote 4497: 4341: 4293: 4239: 4176:de bello Turcico 4060:domine fac finem 4035:in preparation ( 3986:Stephen Gardiner 3967:Michael Servetus 3940:Richard Reynolds 3894:Giles of Viterbo 3822:Fates of friends 3750:Diet of Augsburg 3698:Louis de Berquin 3530:Sebastian Brandt 3442:Paulus Bombasius 3308:Nicolaas Baechem 3237:Privy Counsellor 3210: 3171:St Paul's School 3100: 3058: 2968:Domenico Grimani 2960:Ferry Carondelet 2948:Giles of Viterbo 2786:Richard Whitford 2778:Louis de Berquin 2753:several months. 2655:Richard Reynolds 2647:Richard Whitford 2589:English circle. 2425: 2424: 2403: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2373: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2342: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2297:Besançon, Basel 2290: 2289: 2282: 2281: 2273: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2225: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2190: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2152: 2151: 2144: 2143: 2135: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2120: 2119: 2112: 2111: 2090: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2047: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2005: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1977: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1941: 1921: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1885: 1884: 1877: 1876: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1826: 1825: 1818: 1817: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1779: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1752: 1751: 1745: 1744: 1723: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1696: 1695: 1676: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1643: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1616: 1615: 1603: 1602: 1586: 1378: 1371: 1364: 1361: 1354: 1347: 1340: 1337: 1330: 1327: 1320: 1317: 1310: 1307: 1300: 1297: 1224:Gentian Hervetus 1196:Hieronymus Emser 1135:religious orders 1047:'s-Hertogenbosch 1036:'s-Hertogenbosch 1018: 1006:Alexander Hegius 975: 810:. He also wrote 730: 725: 718: 714: 710: 705: 704: 701: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 675: 674: 671: 668: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 560:Francis De Sales 510:Huldrych Zwingli 129:Other names 116: 94: 91: 70: 51: 50: 45:Works of Erasmus 21: 27497: 27496: 27492: 27491: 27490: 27488: 27487: 27486: 27397:Dutch satirists 27372:Dutch essayists 27367:Dutch educators 27267: 27266: 27265: 27260: 27248: 27240: 27221:Jean-Luc Marion 27159: 27110:Marcel Lefebvre 27035:Romano Guardini 26990:Joseph Maréchal 26968: 26959:Maurice Blondel 26854:Antonio Rosmini 26849:Luigi Taparelli 26827: 26753:Louis Thomassin 26728:Pierre Gassendi 26711: 26707: 26697: 26648:Teresa of Ávila 26586: 26582: 26573: 26559:Marsilio Ficino 26549:Thomas à Kempis 26539:Devotio Moderna 26512:Johannes Tauler 26507:Meister Eckhart 26477:Dante Alighieri 26452: 26418:Albertus Magnus 26309: 26216: 26162:John Chrysostom 26090: 26086: 26076: 25989:Clement of Rome 25970: 25908: 25899: 25894: 25864: 25859: 25849: 25847: 25835: 25827: 25788:Aristotelianism 25766: 25615:Dehellenization 25563: 25336: 25332:Foundationalism 25310: 25272: 25229: 25184: 25180: 25178: 25174: 25172: 25168: 25163: 25149:Social teaching 25095: 25090: 25060: 25055: 25042: 24968:Critical theory 24946: 24941: 24931: 24921: 24911: 24901: 24891: 24881: 24871: 24861: 24851: 24841: 24831: 24821: 24811: 24801: 24791: 24771: 24449: 24443: 24241: 24235: 24184: 24113: 24020: 23972:Budapest School 23960: 23749:Cosmopolitanism 23722: 23717: 23687: 23682: 23654: 23582: 23578:Alexander Pruss 23561:Jean-Luc Marion 23516:Alvin Plantinga 23511:Dewi Z Phillips 23498: 23496: 23490: 23461:Walter Kaufmann 23451:Frithjof Schuon 23424:Rudolf Bultmann 23381: 23375: 23371:Joseph Maréchal 23361:Pavel Florensky 23356:Sergei Bulgakov 23341:Ernst Troeltsch 23324:Harald Høffding 23301: 23295: 23266:William Whewell 23254:Georg W F Hegel 23249:Karl C F Krause 23236: 23230: 23226:Johann G Herder 23216:Baron d'Holbach 23166:Augustin Calmet 23152: 23068: 23056: 23055: 23052: 23044: 23002:Problem of evil 22996: 22992:Verificationism 22958: 22666: 22612:Atheist's Wager 22595: 22457: 22391: 22319: 22295:Problem of evil 22250: 22245: 22215: 22210: 22187: 22182:Luther Monument 22176:Luther Monument 22162: 22076: 22072:Wartburg Castle 22015: 21966:Johann Reuchlin 21899: 21858:Marian theology 21749: 21739: 21690: 21640:Large Catechism 21624:Small Catechism 21491: 21473: 21468: 21438: 21433: 21415: 21384: 21371:Textus Receptus 21351: 21342: 21235: 21222: 21217: 21187: 21175: 21163: 21153: 21151: 21143: 21129: 21087: 21075: 21039:(Latin Library) 21028: 20983: 20969: 20968: 20967: 20944: 20943: 20923: 20922: 20918: 20911: 20876:10.2307/1262226 20838: 20836:Primary sources 20808:Loyola y Erasmo 20785: 20780: 20742:. HarperCollins 20667: 20653: 20649: 20644: 20616: 20600:, pp. 219. 20556:Huizinga, Johan 20548: 20532:Halkin, Leon E. 20488: 20462: 20436: 20419: 20414: 20412:Further reading 20409: 20399: 20397: 20375:Erasmus Studies 20367: 20363: 20354: 20350: 20337: 20336: 20332: 20319: 20318: 20314: 20305: 20304: 20300: 20290: 20288: 20283: 20282: 20275: 20262: 20261: 20257: 20244: 20243: 20239: 20226: 20225: 20221: 20208: 20207: 20203: 20190: 20189: 20185: 20170: 20166: 20156: 20154: 20146: 20145: 20141: 20131: 20129: 20120: 20119: 20115: 20105: 20103: 20093: 20089: 20084: 20080: 20070: 20068: 20060: 20059: 20055: 20042: 20038: 20028: 20026: 20015: 20014: 20010: 19959: 19952: 19942: 19940: 19929: 19928: 19921: 19910: 19906: 19895: 19886: 19882: 19844: 19840: 19835: 19826: 19819: 19815: 19802: 19801: 19797: 19766: 19762: 19727: 19723: 19678: 19674: 19667: 19646: 19645: 19641: 19617: 19613: 19582:10.2307/2860126 19562: 19558: 19515: 19511: 19476: 19472: 19463: 19459: 19416: 19412: 19402: 19400: 19385: 19381: 19366: 19362: 19343: 19339: 19308: 19304: 19297: 19275: 19271: 19261: 19259: 19216: 19212: 19203: 19199: 19189: 19187: 19172: 19165: 19146: 19142: 19129: 19128: 19124: 19114: 19112: 19093: 19086: 19076: 19074: 19059: 19055: 19045: 19043: 19039: 19020: 19010: 19006: 18996: 18994: 18978: 18974: 18955: 18951: 18927: 18923: 18896: 18892: 18885:j.ctt1ggjhg1.15 18877: 18863: 18862: 18858: 18851: 18829: 18825: 18815: 18813: 18798: 18794: 18787: 18771: 18767: 18756:Ward, Timothy. 18754: 18750: 18723:Erasmus Studies 18719: 18715: 18705: 18703: 18668: 18661: 18638: 18625: 18602: 18598: 18579: 18568: 18545:10.2307/3031577 18525: 18521: 18514: 18489: 18485: 18477:Medieval Essays 18472: 18468: 18461: 18447: 18443: 18416: 18409: 18400: 18396: 18381: 18355: 18351: 18344: 18332: 18331: 18327: 18319: 18311: 18307: 18292: 18276: 18275:Letter to Dorp 18274: 18270: 18255: 18251: 18236: 18218:Erasmus Studies 18210: 18206: 18191: 18187: 18171: 18167: 18157: 18155: 18151: 18140: 18134: 18130: 18120: 18118: 18114: 18106: 18099: 18080:Erasmus Studies 18076: 18072: 18062: 18060: 18045: 18041: 18031: 18029: 18006:10.2307/2707442 17986: 17982: 17975: 17953: 17942: 17932: 17930: 17915: 17911: 17901: 17899: 17891: 17885: 17881: 17871: 17869: 17856: 17852: 17842: 17840: 17829: 17825: 17806:Erasmus Studies 17802: 17798: 17788: 17786: 17771: 17755: 17748: 17717: 17713: 17703: 17701: 17693: 17687: 17683: 17652: 17648: 17629:Erasmus Studies 17624: 17620: 17613: 17591: 17587: 17580: 17564:. p. 139. 17558: 17554: 17549:, p. 219, 1875. 17541:Wayback Machine 17530: 17526: 17516: 17514: 17487: 17483: 17476: 17460: 17451: 17444: 17422: 17418: 17407: 17403: 17386: 17382: 17370: 17366: 17359: 17343: 17339: 17335:Vol. 76, p. 203 17323: 17319: 17306: 17302: 17293: 17289: 17279: 17277: 17267: 17263: 17255: 17247: 17243: 17233: 17231: 17216: 17212: 17192: 17185: 17178: 17162: 17161: 17157: 17134: 17130: 17109:Erasmus Studies 17101: 17097: 17087: 17085: 17072: 17071: 17067: 17062: 17058: 17048: 17046: 17015:10.2307/3162926 16995: 16991: 16982: 16975: 16944:10.2307/3163951 16924: 16920: 16915: 16911: 16896: 16892: 16873: 16869: 16850: 16846: 16836: 16834: 16830: 16819: 16813: 16809: 16798: 16794: 16787: 16773: 16769: 16759: 16757: 16742: 16738: 16728: 16726: 16719: 16693: 16680: 16673: 16651: 16647: 16638: 16637: 16633: 16618: 16600:Erasmus Studies 16596: 16592: 16561: 16557: 16541: 16540: 16533: 16531: 16524: 16496: 16492: 16481: 16477: 16466: 16462: 16443: 16439: 16429: 16427: 16396:10.2307/2861633 16376: 16372: 16365: 16343: 16339: 16329: 16327: 16316: 16315: 16311: 16301: 16299: 16290: 16289: 16285: 16280:Wayback Machine 16264: 16262: 16258: 16227: 16221: 16217: 16207: 16205: 16198: 16182: 16173: 16154: 16150: 16140: 16138: 16131:Catholic Herald 16123: 16119: 16104: 16100: 16090: 16088: 16079: 16075: 16064: 16060: 16047: 16046: 16042: 16032: 16030: 16003: 15996: 15980: 15976: 15966: 15964: 15945: 15936: 15926: 15924: 15909: 15905: 15892: 15888: 15878: 15876: 15874: 15858: 15854: 15844: 15842: 15807: 15803: 15793: 15791: 15776: 15772: 15765: 15743: 15739: 15729: 15727: 15723: 15722: 15718: 15703: 15687: 15683: 15673: 15671: 15661: 15657: 15647: 15645: 15630: 15626: 15616: 15614: 15579: 15572: 15562: 15560: 15545: 15541: 15531: 15529: 15514: 15510: 15501: 15497: 15490: 15468: 15464: 15445: 15436: 15401: 15397: 15390: 15368: 15361: 15351: 15349: 15328:(64): 595–604. 15314: 15310: 15291: 15287: 15256: 15249: 15242: 15216: 15205: 15195: 15193: 15163: 15159: 15140:Erasmus Studies 15135: 15131: 15121: 15119: 15089: 15085: 15075: 15073: 15046:Erasmus Studies 15034:Truth and Irony 15031: 15024: 15017: 15003: 14999: 14976: 14972: 14962: 14960: 14925: 14921: 14911: 14909: 14890: 14886: 14880: 14866: 14862: 14839:10.2307/2540661 14817: 14810: 14805: 14801: 14778: 14771: 14761: 14759: 14746: 14745: 14741: 14722: 14718: 14703: 14699: 14689: 14687: 14674: 14673: 14669: 14659: 14657: 14636: 14632: 14625: 14603: 14596: 14585: 14578: 14568: 14566: 14553: 14546: 14539:1959.13/1397919 14525: 14518: 14508: 14506: 14471:Hispanic Review 14463: 14459: 14436: 14427: 14412: 14391: 14390: 14386: 14377: 14373: 14366: 14365:978-0297 815617 14350: 14346: 14331: 14310: 14309: 14300: 14285: 14264: 14262: 14258: 14254: 14245: 14243: 14222: 14220: 14207: 14203: 14199: 14192: 14168: 14164: 14129: 14118: 14108: 14106: 14091: 14087: 14077: 14075: 14071: 14056: 14050: 14043: 14032: 14028: 14021: 13998: 13991: 13964:Erasmus Studies 13956: 13949: 13939: 13937: 13924: 13923: 13919: 13912: 13890: 13886: 13871: 13869: 13856: 13855: 13851: 13842: 13838: 13831: 13823:. p. 296. 13811: 13807: 13772: 13761: 13751: 13749: 13740: 13739: 13735: 13725: 13723: 13692:10.2307/2540011 13672: 13668: 13661: 13647: 13640: 13633: 13611: 13600: 13591: 13590: 13586: 13573: 13572: 13568: 13558: 13556: 13554: 13538: 13529: 13522: 13496: 13492: 13482: 13480: 13448: 13441: 13431: 13429: 13406: 13402: 13381: 13370: 13360: 13358: 13347: 13343: 13333: 13331: 13288: 13284: 13274: 13272: 13259: 13258: 13254: 13250: 13241: 13239: 13157: 13153: 13143: 13141: 13128: 13127: 13123: 13118: 13114: 13100: 13096: 13086: 13084: 13069: 13065: 13055: 13053: 13038: 13031: 13021: 13019: 13006: 13002: 12992: 12990: 12977: 12976: 12972: 12965: 12951: 12947: 12937: 12935: 12922: 12921: 12917: 12891: 12887: 12874: 12870: 12862: 12858: 12853: 12849: 12844: 12840: 12813: 12809: 12794: 12790: 12785: 12770: 12763: 12747: 12743: 12736: 12710: 12706: 12696: 12694: 12681: 12680: 12676: 12645: 12636: 12626: 12624: 12581: 12577: 12570: 12556: 12552: 12521: 12517: 12482: 12478: 12468: 12466: 12459: 12443: 12436: 12426: 12424: 12381: 12377: 12366: 12362: 12351: 12344: 12334: 12326: 12324: 12302: 12291: 12281: 12279: 12242:Erasmus Studies 12234: 12230: 12220: 12218: 12214: 12208: 12197: 12189: 12185: 12175: 12173: 12157: 12153: 12146: 12132: 12128: 12118: 12116: 12103: 12102: 12098: 12091: 12077: 12073: 12063: 12061: 12040:(25): 123–125. 12026: 12022: 11991: 11987: 11980: 11964: 11960: 11935: 11931: 11921: 11905: 11901: 11891: 11889: 11876: 11875: 11871: 11861: 11859: 11840: 11836: 11829: 11815: 11811: 11801: 11799: 11792: 11776: 11772: 11760: 11756: 11747: 11743: 11724: 11720: 11713: 11699: 11695: 11682: 11663: 11628: 11624: 11614: 11612: 11603:Devotio Moderna 11596: 11592: 11569:10.2307/2859495 11553: 11540: 11534: 11518: 11511: 11499: 11492: 11487: 11483: 11473: 11471: 11456: 11452: 11447: 11438: 11428: 11426: 11422: 11416: 11408:. p. 174. 11405: 11397: 11393: 11384: 11380: 11370: 11368: 11355: 11354: 11350: 11340: 11338: 11295: 11291: 11256: 11252: 11237: 11233: 11223: 11221: 11212: 11211: 11207: 11200: 11176: 11139: 11130: 11123: 11110: 11101: 11082: 11078: 11068: 11066: 11047: 11038: 11028: 11026: 10991: 10974: 10955: 10946: 10937: 10933: 10918: 10914: 10877:Erasmus Studies 10869: 10854: 10847: 10825: 10821: 10802: 10787: 10782:Wayback Machine 10764:Wayback Machine 10754: 10750: 10740: 10738: 10724:Tracy, James D. 10721: 10717: 10713: 10708: 10707: 10702: 10698: 10693: 10691: 10687: 10682: 10678: 10665: 10661: 10651: 10647: 10634: 10630: 10624: 10620: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10597: 10592: 10588: 10556: 10552: 10540: 10536: 10519: 10515: 10505: 10501: 10496: 10494: 10490: 10485: 10481: 10475: 10471: 10462: 10458: 10426: 10422: 10417: 10413: 10408: 10404: 10394: 10392: 10388: 10382: 10371: 10362: 10358: 10341: 10337: 10331: 10327: 10318: 10314: 10293: 10289: 10265: 10261: 10233: 10229: 10219: 10217: 10213: 10206: 10197: 10193: 10153: 10149: 10140: 10136: 10127: 10123: 10112: 10110: 10087:10.2307/2707589 10066: 10062: 10054:A narrowing of 10053: 10049: 10040: 10036: 10023: 10019: 10012: 9977: 9973: 9964: 9960: 9892: 9888: 9877: 9855: 9851: 9845: 9841: 9831: 9829: 9801: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9761: 9751: 9749: 9737: 9733: 9728: 9724: 9708: 9704: 9682:sacrae litterae 9665: 9661: 9653: 9649: 9641: 9637: 9626: 9622: 9614: 9610: 9605: 9601: 9595:devotio moderna 9592: 9588: 9583: 9579: 9572: 9562:Wiley-Blackwell 9550:medieval church 9535: 9531: 9526: 9519: 9509: 9507: 9484:10.2307/2857071 9462: 9458: 9452: 9448: 9440: 9436: 9431: 9428: 9422: 9418: 9394:Reuchlin affair 9391: 9388:sceleratissimum 9373: 9369: 9355:Juan de Vergara 9343:Juan Luis Vives 9334: 9332: 9283: 9279: 9263: 9259: 9251: 9247: 9225: 9221: 9215: 9211: 9206: 9202: 9193: 9189: 9178: 9176: 9132: 9128: 9123: 9119: 9114: 9110: 9105: 9101: 9091: 9087: 9081: 9077: 9071: 9067: 9052: 9017: 9013: 9003: 9001: 8960: 8944: 8940: 8932:Judaizing. The 8919: 8915: 8905: 8903: 8890: 8889:'anti-semitic'. 8887: 8883: 8854: 8850: 8845: 8841: 8798: 8791: 8781: 8777: 8767: 8763: 8754: 8750: 8741: 8737: 8702:New Blackfriars 8693: 8689: 8679: 8675: 8647: 8643: 8625: 8621: 8605: 8601: 8592: 8588: 8583: 8579: 8569: 8565: 8560: 8556: 8551: 8547: 8542: 8538: 8517: 8513: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8486: 8478: 8474: 8464: 8460: 8451: 8447: 8442: 8438: 8432:Robert Estienne 8428:Sebastian Brant 8421: 8417: 8407: 8405: 8388: 8384: 8376:, Dutch silver 8367: 8363: 8342: 8338: 8326: 8322: 8295: 8291: 8285: 8281: 8239: 8235: 8229: 8225: 8220: 8216: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8193: 8188: 8184: 8179: 8175: 8159: 8155: 8145:Wayback Machine 8135: 8131: 8107: 8103: 8093: 8089: 8084: 8080: 8074: 8070: 8057: 8053: 8039: 8032: 8027: 8023: 8017: 7989: 7985: 7967: 7950: 7948: 7944: 7939: 7930: 7913: 7909: 7903:devotio moderna 7899: 7880: 7876: 7870:devotio moderna 7854: 7850: 7841: 7837: 7827: 7825: 7809: 7805: 7796: 7792: 7762: 7758: 7753: 7749: 7744: 7735: 7728:, New York, US. 7703:Queens' College 7643:Erasmus Studies 7582: 7498: 7464: 7462:Representations 7369: 7288: 7246: 7241: 7215: 7212: 7197: 7191: 7172: 7166: 7137:Textus Receptus 7111: 7105: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7035: 7000: 6997: 6970: 6967: 6955: 6928: 6886: 6876: 6841: 6821: 6733: 6710: 6704: 6698: 6682: 6676: 6631: 6619: 6612: 6602:Aristoteleanism 6589: 6586: 6571: 6546: 6543: 6524: 6521: 6459: 6438: 6422:Albrecht Duerer 6375: 6369: 6364: 6358: 6355: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6305: 6299: 6234: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6213: 6133: 6114: 6036: 6030: 6004: 5989: 5982: 5943:edition of the 5921: 5916: 5914:Catholic reform 5880:sacramentarians 5864: 5832: 5830:Personal reform 5823: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5770: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5755: 5754: 5589: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5399: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5209: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5079: 5070: 5060: 5059: 4967: 4959: 4958: 4888: 4878: 4877: 4851:Social teaching 4806: 4796: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4733: 4724: 4686:Reuchlin affair 4669:John Chrysostom 4632:Juan Luis Vives 4626: 4587: 4574: 4548: 4545: 4504: 4498: 4491: 4451:Church teaching 4425: 4394:Beatus Rhenanus 4364:Just War theory 4317: 4311: 4294: 4291: 4240: 4237: 4217: 4142: 4118: 4106: 4052:Beatus Rhenanus 4010: 3990:Tower of London 3963:William Tyndale 3948:first biography 3938:and Brigittine 3859:Juan de Vergara 3824: 3763:the Whale House 3755:deus ex machina 3753:appears like a 3710: 3627:Beatus Rhenanus 3568: 3567: 3566: 3553: 3544: 3534:Wolfgang Capito 3510:Beatus Rhenanus 3502:Johannes Froben 3498: 3492: 3455:, showing King 3381:Richard Sampson 3346:Johann Reuchlin 3322: 3321: 3320: 3311: 3289: 3287:Richard Sampson 3251: 3245: 3208: 3205:Queens' College 3188:'s chancellor, 3148:Sir Thomas More 3126: 3046:Sacra Theologia 3010: 3009: 3008: 2983: 2970: 2956:Germain de Brie 2912: 2906: 2870: 2826: 2825: 2824: 2811: 2805: 2765: 2759: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2661: 2659:Polydore Vergil 2619:Juan Luis Vives 2591: 2585: 2573:Aristotelianism 2539: 2509:), networking ( 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2426: 2415: 2404: 2397: 2385: 2374: 2367: 2355: 2343: 2336: 2329: 2322: 2315: 2304: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2283: 2274: 2267: 2260: 2253: 2246: 2226: 2219: 2212: 2191: 2184: 2177: 2166: 2154: 2153: 2146: 2145: 2136: 2129: 2122: 2121: 2114: 2113: 2096:Liège, Cologne 2091: 2084: 2077: 2070: 2059: 2048: 2041: 2034: 2027: 2006: 1999: 1978: 1971: 1964: 1957: 1950: 1943: 1922: 1915: 1908: 1887: 1886: 1879: 1878: 1869: 1862: 1855: 1848: 1828: 1827: 1820: 1819: 1810: 1803: 1792: 1780: 1773: 1753: 1746: 1735: 1724: 1717: 1697: 1677: 1670: 1663: 1644: 1637: 1617: 1593: 1592: 1584: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1558: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1184:Jacopo Sadoleto 1172:Juan de Vergara 1168: 1151:fervidos amores 1132: 1114:Chapter of Sion 1086: 1059:Devotio moderna 966:unwed parents. 924: 889: 887:Life and career 861:Catholic Church 780:Catholic priest 745:Catholic priest 723: 716: 712: 708: 676: 641: 637: 610:Catholic Church 574: 530:Wolfgang Capito 520:William Tyndale 483: 467:just war theory 436: 410:Julius Excluded 376: 325: 299: 268: 199: 124: 118: 114: 105: 95: 92: 81: 61: 58: 47: 41: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 27495: 27485: 27484: 27479: 27474: 27469: 27464: 27459: 27454: 27449: 27444: 27439: 27434: 27432:Paremiologists 27429: 27424: 27419: 27414: 27409: 27404: 27399: 27394: 27389: 27384: 27379: 27374: 27369: 27364: 27359: 27354: 27349: 27344: 27339: 27334: 27329: 27324: 27319: 27314: 27309: 27304: 27299: 27294: 27289: 27284: 27279: 27262: 27261: 27259: 27258: 27245: 27242: 27241: 27239: 27238: 27233: 27228: 27223: 27218: 27213: 27208: 27203: 27198: 27193: 27188: 27183: 27178: 27173: 27167: 27165: 27161: 27160: 27158: 27157: 27152: 27147: 27142: 27137: 27132: 27127: 27122: 27117: 27112: 27107: 27102: 27097: 27092: 27087: 27082: 27077: 27072: 27067: 27062: 27057: 27052: 27050:Henri de Lubac 27047: 27042: 27037: 27032: 27027: 27025:Gabriel Marcel 27022: 27017: 27012: 27007: 27005:Étienne Gilson 27002: 26997: 26992: 26987: 26982: 26976: 26974: 26970: 26969: 26967: 26966: 26961: 26956: 26954:George Tyrrell 26951: 26946: 26941: 26936: 26931: 26926: 26921: 26916: 26914:Émile Boutroux 26911: 26906: 26901: 26896: 26894:Giuseppe Pecci 26891: 26886: 26881: 26876: 26871: 26866: 26861: 26856: 26851: 26846: 26841: 26835: 26833: 26829: 26828: 26826: 26825: 26820: 26815: 26810: 26805: 26800: 26795: 26790: 26785: 26780: 26775: 26765: 26760: 26755: 26750: 26745: 26743:António Vieira 26740: 26735: 26733:René Descartes 26730: 26725: 26720: 26714: 26712: 26704:Baroque period 26702: 26699: 26698: 26696: 26695: 26690: 26685: 26680: 26675: 26668:Luis de Molina 26665: 26663:Peter Canisius 26660: 26655: 26650: 26645: 26643:Francis Xavier 26640: 26635: 26630: 26625: 26620: 26615: 26610: 26605: 26600: 26598:Thomas Cajetan 26595: 26589: 26587: 26578: 26575: 26574: 26572: 26571: 26566: 26561: 26556: 26551: 26546: 26541: 26536: 26531: 26529:Heinrich Seuse 26526: 26519: 26514: 26509: 26504: 26499: 26494: 26489: 26484: 26479: 26474: 26469: 26463: 26461: 26454: 26453: 26451: 26450: 26445: 26440: 26435: 26433:Thomas Aquinas 26430: 26428:Henry of Ghent 26425: 26420: 26415: 26410: 26405: 26400: 26395: 26390: 26385: 26380: 26375: 26373:Anselm of Laon 26370: 26365: 26360: 26355: 26350: 26345: 26340: 26335: 26330: 26325: 26319: 26317: 26311: 26310: 26308: 26307: 26302: 26297: 26295:Rabanus Maurus 26292: 26287: 26282: 26277: 26272: 26267: 26262: 26257: 26252: 26247: 26242: 26237: 26232: 26226: 26224: 26218: 26217: 26215: 26214: 26212:Pope Gregory I 26209: 26204: 26199: 26194: 26189: 26184: 26179: 26174: 26169: 26164: 26159: 26154: 26149: 26144: 26139: 26134: 26129: 26124: 26119: 26114: 26109: 26104: 26099: 26093: 26091: 26088:Pope Gregory I 26081: 26078: 26077: 26075: 26074: 26069: 26064: 26059: 26054: 26049: 26044: 26037: 26032: 26027: 26020: 26013: 26008: 26003: 25996: 25991: 25986: 25980: 25978: 25972: 25971: 25969: 25968: 25963: 25962: 25961: 25959:Biblical canon 25956: 25949:Catholic Bible 25946: 25941: 25940: 25939: 25929: 25928: 25927: 25916: 25914: 25910: 25909: 25904: 25901: 25900: 25893: 25892: 25885: 25878: 25870: 25861: 25860: 25858: 25857: 25845: 25832: 25829: 25828: 25826: 25825: 25820: 25815: 25810: 25805: 25800: 25795: 25790: 25785: 25780: 25774: 25772: 25768: 25767: 25765: 25764: 25759: 25754: 25749: 25748: 25747: 25742: 25732: 25727: 25722: 25717: 25712: 25707: 25702: 25697: 25692: 25690:Pascal's wager 25687: 25682: 25677: 25672: 25667: 25662: 25657: 25652: 25650:Guardian angel 25647: 25642: 25637: 25632: 25627: 25622: 25617: 25612: 25607: 25602: 25597: 25592: 25587: 25582: 25577: 25571: 25569: 25565: 25564: 25562: 25561: 25556: 25551: 25546: 25541: 25536: 25531: 25526: 25521: 25516: 25511: 25506: 25501: 25496: 25491: 25486: 25481: 25476: 25471: 25466: 25461: 25456: 25451: 25446: 25441: 25436: 25431: 25426: 25421: 25416: 25411: 25406: 25401: 25396: 25391: 25386: 25381: 25376: 25371: 25366: 25361: 25356: 25350: 25348: 25342: 25341: 25338: 25337: 25335: 25334: 25329: 25324: 25318: 25316: 25312: 25311: 25309: 25308: 25303: 25298: 25293: 25288: 25282: 25280: 25274: 25273: 25271: 25270: 25265: 25260: 25255: 25250: 25245: 25239: 25237: 25231: 25230: 25228: 25227: 25222: 25217: 25212: 25207: 25205:Augustinianism 25201: 25199: 25190: 25186: 25185: 25166: 25164: 25162: 25161: 25156: 25151: 25146: 25141: 25136: 25131: 25126: 25121: 25116: 25114:Divine command 25111: 25105: 25103: 25097: 25096: 25089: 25088: 25081: 25074: 25066: 25057: 25056: 25054: 25053: 25047: 25044: 25043: 25041: 25040: 25035: 25030: 25028:Social science 25025: 25020: 25015: 25010: 25005: 25000: 24995: 24990: 24985: 24980: 24975: 24970: 24965: 24960: 24954: 24952: 24948: 24947: 24945: 24944: 24934: 24924: 24918:Gender Trouble 24914: 24904: 24894: 24884: 24874: 24864: 24854: 24848:The Second Sex 24844: 24834: 24824: 24814: 24804: 24794: 24783: 24781: 24777: 24776: 24773: 24772: 24770: 24769: 24764: 24759: 24754: 24749: 24744: 24739: 24734: 24729: 24724: 24719: 24714: 24709: 24704: 24699: 24694: 24689: 24684: 24679: 24674: 24669: 24664: 24659: 24654: 24649: 24644: 24639: 24634: 24629: 24624: 24619: 24614: 24609: 24604: 24599: 24594: 24589: 24584: 24579: 24574: 24569: 24564: 24559: 24554: 24549: 24544: 24539: 24534: 24529: 24524: 24519: 24514: 24509: 24504: 24499: 24494: 24489: 24484: 24479: 24474: 24469: 24464: 24459: 24453: 24451: 24445: 24444: 24442: 24441: 24436: 24431: 24426: 24421: 24416: 24411: 24406: 24401: 24396: 24391: 24386: 24381: 24376: 24371: 24366: 24361: 24356: 24351: 24346: 24341: 24336: 24331: 24326: 24321: 24316: 24311: 24306: 24301: 24296: 24291: 24286: 24281: 24276: 24271: 24266: 24261: 24256: 24251: 24245: 24243: 24237: 24236: 24234: 24233: 24228: 24223: 24218: 24213: 24208: 24203: 24198: 24192: 24190: 24186: 24185: 24183: 24182: 24177: 24172: 24167: 24162: 24157: 24152: 24147: 24142: 24137: 24132: 24127: 24121: 24119: 24115: 24114: 24112: 24111: 24106: 24101: 24096: 24091: 24086: 24081: 24076: 24071: 24066: 24061: 24056: 24051: 24046: 24041: 24035: 24033: 24026: 24022: 24021: 24019: 24018: 24013: 24008: 24007: 24006: 23996: 23991: 23986: 23985: 23984: 23974: 23968: 23966: 23962: 23961: 23959: 23958: 23953: 23944: 23943: 23942: 23932: 23927: 23922: 23917: 23912: 23907: 23898: 23893: 23884: 23879: 23874: 23869: 23864: 23863: 23862: 23852: 23847: 23842: 23840:Invisible hand 23837: 23832: 23827: 23826: 23825: 23815: 23810: 23805: 23800: 23795: 23794: 23793: 23783: 23782: 23781: 23776: 23771: 23761: 23756: 23751: 23746: 23741: 23736: 23730: 23728: 23724: 23723: 23716: 23715: 23708: 23701: 23693: 23684: 23683: 23681: 23680: 23670: 23659: 23656: 23655: 23653: 23652: 23645: 23640: 23635: 23630: 23625: 23620: 23615: 23610: 23605: 23600: 23594: 23592: 23591:Related topics 23588: 23587: 23584: 23583: 23581: 23580: 23574: 23573: 23568: 23563: 23558: 23553: 23551:Daniel Dennett 23548: 23543: 23541:Ravi Zacharias 23538: 23533: 23528: 23523: 23518: 23513: 23508: 23506:William L Rowe 23502: 23500: 23492: 23491: 23489: 23488: 23483: 23481:William Alston 23478: 23473: 23468: 23463: 23458: 23453: 23448: 23443: 23437: 23436: 23431: 23429:Gabriel Marcel 23426: 23421: 23416: 23411: 23406: 23401: 23396: 23391: 23385: 23383: 23377: 23376: 23374: 23373: 23368: 23366:Ernst Cassirer 23363: 23358: 23353: 23348: 23343: 23338: 23332: 23331: 23326: 23321: 23316: 23311: 23305: 23303: 23297: 23296: 23294: 23293: 23288: 23283: 23278: 23273: 23268: 23263: 23261:Thomas Carlyle 23257: 23256: 23251: 23246: 23240: 23238: 23232: 23231: 23229: 23228: 23223: 23218: 23213: 23208: 23203: 23198: 23193: 23188: 23186:Baruch Spinoza 23183: 23178: 23173: 23171:René Descartes 23168: 23162: 23160: 23154: 23153: 23151: 23150: 23145: 23143:Thomas Aquinas 23140: 23135: 23130: 23125: 23120: 23115: 23110: 23105: 23100: 23095: 23090: 23085: 23080: 23074: 23072: 23058: 23049: 23046: 23045: 23043: 23042: 23037: 23032: 23027: 23022: 23017: 23012: 23006: 23004: 22998: 22997: 22995: 22994: 22989: 22984: 22979: 22974: 22968: 22966: 22960: 22959: 22957: 22956: 22949: 22944: 22939: 22934: 22929: 22924: 22919: 22914: 22912:Possibilianism 22909: 22904: 22899: 22894: 22889: 22884: 22879: 22874: 22869: 22868: 22867: 22862: 22857: 22847: 22842: 22837: 22832: 22827: 22822: 22821: 22820: 22815: 22810: 22800: 22795: 22790: 22788:Fundamentalism 22785: 22780: 22779: 22778: 22773: 22763: 22762: 22761: 22756: 22749:Existentialism 22746: 22741: 22736: 22731: 22726: 22721: 22716: 22711: 22706: 22701: 22696: 22691: 22686: 22680: 22678: 22672: 22671: 22668: 22667: 22665: 22664: 22659: 22654: 22649: 22644: 22642:Noncognitivism 22639: 22634: 22629: 22624: 22619: 22614: 22609: 22603: 22601: 22597: 22596: 22594: 22593: 22591:Transcendental 22588: 22587: 22586: 22581: 22571: 22566: 22561: 22559:Pascal's wager 22556: 22551: 22546: 22541: 22536: 22531: 22526: 22521: 22516: 22511: 22510: 22509: 22504: 22494: 22489: 22487:Christological 22484: 22478: 22476: 22469: 22463: 22462: 22459: 22458: 22456: 22455: 22450: 22445: 22440: 22435: 22430: 22425: 22420: 22415: 22410: 22405: 22399: 22397: 22393: 22392: 22390: 22389: 22384: 22379: 22374: 22369: 22364: 22359: 22354: 22349: 22344: 22339: 22333: 22327: 22321: 22320: 22318: 22317: 22312: 22307: 22302: 22297: 22292: 22287: 22282: 22281: 22280: 22269: 22264: 22258: 22256: 22252: 22251: 22244: 22243: 22236: 22229: 22221: 22212: 22211: 22209: 22208: 22201: 22195: 22193: 22189: 22188: 22186: 22185: 22179: 22172: 22170: 22164: 22163: 22161: 22160: 22152: 22144: 22136: 22128: 22120: 22112: 22104: 22096: 22087: 22085: 22078: 22077: 22075: 22074: 22069: 22064: 22059: 22054: 22049: 22044: 22039: 22034: 22029: 22023: 22021: 22017: 22016: 22014: 22013: 22008: 22003: 21998: 21993: 21988: 21983: 21978: 21973: 21968: 21963: 21958: 21953: 21948: 21943: 21938: 21930: 21922: 21914: 21907: 21905: 21901: 21900: 21898: 21897: 21895:(1537 edition) 21889: 21884: 21879: 21878: 21877: 21872: 21862: 21861: 21860: 21855: 21853:Law and Gospel 21850: 21844: 21839: 21836:Sola scriptura 21832: 21825: 21820: 21810: 21808:Luther's canon 21805: 21800: 21795: 21787: 21782: 21778:Exsurge Domine 21774: 21769: 21764: 21759: 21753: 21751: 21745: 21744: 21741: 21740: 21738: 21737: 21730: 21723: 21715: 21707: 21700: 21698: 21689: 21688: 21683: 21674: 21666: 21658: 21650: 21644: 21636: 21628: 21620: 21612: 21604: 21600:Deutsche Messe 21596: 21588: 21580: 21572: 21568:Formula missae 21564: 21556: 21548: 21540: 21532: 21524: 21516: 21508: 21499: 21497: 21493: 21492: 21490: 21489: 21484: 21478: 21475: 21474: 21467: 21466: 21459: 21452: 21444: 21435: 21434: 21432: 21431: 21420: 21417: 21416: 21414: 21413: 21412: 21411: 21401: 21392: 21390: 21389:Related topics 21386: 21385: 21383: 21382: 21374: 21368: 21359: 21357: 21353: 21352: 21345: 21343: 21341: 21340: 21332: 21324: 21316: 21308: 21300: 21292: 21284: 21276: 21268: 21260: 21252: 21243: 21241: 21240:Original works 21237: 21236: 21234: 21233: 21227: 21224: 21223: 21216: 21215: 21208: 21201: 21193: 21186: 21185: 21173: 21161: 21141: 21140: 21123: 21109: 21091: 21074: 21071: 21070: 21069: 21060: 21050: 21040: 21034: 21027: 21024: 21023: 21022: 21013: 21004: 20995: 20981: 20975:entry in the 20966: 20965: 20960: 20955: 20949: 20945: 20942: 20941: 20936: 20931: 20925: 20924: 20913: 20912: 20910: 20909:External links 20907: 20906: 20905: 20870:(1): 246–251. 20855: 20849: 20837: 20834: 20833: 20832: 20825: 20811: 20804: 20803: 20802: 20784: 20781: 20779: 20778: 20771: 20764: 20757: 20750: 20743: 20734: 20725: 20716: 20709: 20702: 20695: 20688: 20683:, Ron (2017). 20678: 20671: 20665: 20650: 20648: 20645: 20643: 20642: 20632: 20620: 20614: 20601: 20592: 20580: 20579: 20578: 20570:, and also in 20552: 20546: 20528: 20514: 20492: 20486: 20473: 20466: 20460: 20447: 20446:Reaktion Books 20440: 20434: 20420: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20407: 20381:(1): 122–139. 20361: 20348: 20330: 20312: 20298: 20273: 20255: 20237: 20219: 20201: 20183: 20164: 20139: 20113: 20087: 20078: 20053: 20036: 20008: 19979:10.2307/750613 19950: 19919: 19904: 19884: 19881: 19880: 19867: 19845: 19838: 19824: 19813: 19795: 19776:(6): 803–805. 19760: 19721: 19692:(7): 517–521. 19672: 19665: 19639: 19634:10.1086/670414 19628:(1): 180–181. 19611: 19576:(2): 161–172. 19556: 19529:(4): 526–544. 19509: 19490:(2): 113–154. 19470: 19457: 19410: 19379: 19360: 19337: 19318:(3): 484–506. 19302: 19295: 19269: 19230:(4): 595–635. 19210: 19197: 19163: 19140: 19122: 19084: 19053: 19004: 18972: 18949: 18921: 18910:(3): 268–284. 18890: 18875: 18856: 18849: 18823: 18792: 18785: 18765: 18748: 18729:(1): 107–113. 18713: 18682:(3): 377–403. 18659: 18623: 18596: 18566: 18539:(4): 411–430. 18519: 18512: 18483: 18466: 18459: 18441: 18424:UC Law Journal 18407: 18394: 18389:j.ctt19rmcgd.7 18379: 18349: 18342: 18325: 18305: 18290: 18268: 18249: 18234: 18204: 18185: 18165: 18128: 18097: 18070: 18039: 17980: 17973: 17940: 17909: 17879: 17850: 17823: 17812:(2): 113–136. 17796: 17769: 17746: 17711: 17681: 17662:(2): 109–125. 17646: 17635:(2): 229–231. 17618: 17611: 17585: 17578: 17552: 17524: 17481: 17474: 17449: 17442: 17416: 17401: 17380: 17364: 17357: 17337: 17317: 17300: 17287: 17261: 17241: 17210: 17183: 17176: 17155: 17128: 17095: 17065: 17056: 17009:(4): 459–469. 17003:Church History 16989: 16973: 16938:(2): 183–200. 16932:Church History 16918: 16909: 16890: 16867: 16844: 16807: 16792: 16785: 16767: 16736: 16717: 16678: 16671: 16645: 16631: 16616: 16590: 16571:(4): 694–696. 16555: 16522: 16490: 16475: 16460: 16437: 16390:(2): 304–308. 16370: 16363: 16337: 16309: 16283: 16238:(1): 113–136. 16215: 16196: 16171: 16148: 16117: 16098: 16073: 16058: 16040: 15994: 15974: 15934: 15903: 15886: 15872: 15852: 15801: 15770: 15763: 15737: 15716: 15711:j.ctv9b2ww5.11 15701: 15695:. 1517 Media. 15681: 15655: 15624: 15570: 15539: 15508: 15495: 15488: 15462: 15434: 15395: 15388: 15359: 15308: 15285: 15266:(7): 320–329. 15247: 15240: 15203: 15157: 15129: 15083: 15022: 15015: 14997: 14970: 14919: 14884: 14878: 14860: 14808: 14799: 14769: 14739: 14716: 14697: 14667: 14630: 14623: 14594: 14576: 14544: 14516: 14483:10.2307/470220 14477:(2): 243–251. 14457: 14425: 14410: 14384: 14371: 14364: 14344: 14329: 14298: 14283: 14256: 14253: 14252: 14229: 14204: 14197: 14190: 14162: 14143:(5): 556–568. 14116: 14085: 14041: 14026: 14019: 13989: 13947: 13917: 13910: 13884: 13849: 13836: 13829: 13805: 13759: 13733: 13666: 13659: 13638: 13631: 13598: 13584: 13566: 13552: 13527: 13520: 13490: 13439: 13400: 13368: 13341: 13282: 13252: 13249: 13248: 13215: 13170: 13158: 13151: 13121: 13112: 13094: 13063: 13029: 13000: 12970: 12964:978-1442648784 12963: 12945: 12915: 12894:Pattison, Mark 12885: 12868: 12856: 12847: 12838: 12807: 12788: 12768: 12761: 12741: 12734: 12704: 12674: 12655:(1): 141–148. 12634: 12575: 12568: 12550: 12515: 12496:(7): 517–526. 12476: 12457: 12434: 12375: 12360: 12342: 12289: 12248:(2): 200–229. 12228: 12206: 12183: 12151: 12144: 12126: 12096: 12089: 12071: 12020: 11985: 11978: 11958: 11929: 11919: 11899: 11869: 11834: 11827: 11809: 11790: 11770: 11754: 11741: 11718: 11711: 11693: 11661: 11622: 11590: 11563:(4): 437–443. 11538: 11532: 11509: 11490: 11481: 11450: 11436: 11414: 11391: 11385:Peter Nissen: 11378: 11348: 11309:(3): 332–349. 11289: 11250: 11231: 11205: 11198: 11137: 11121: 11099: 11076: 11036: 10972: 10944: 10931: 10924:(in Italian). 10912: 10883:(2): 184–216. 10852: 10845: 10819: 10785: 10748: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10706: 10705: 10696: 10685: 10676: 10659: 10645: 10628: 10618: 10605: 10595: 10586: 10561:Theology Today 10550: 10534: 10513: 10499: 10488: 10479: 10469: 10456: 10420: 10411: 10402: 10380: 10356: 10335: 10325: 10321:scopus christi 10312: 10287: 10259: 10227: 10191: 10165:Theology Today 10147: 10134: 10121: 10081:(4): 387–411. 10060: 10047: 10034: 10017: 10010: 9971: 9958: 9899:Thomas Aquinas 9886: 9879:. p. 92: 9875: 9849: 9839: 9795: 9759: 9731: 9722: 9702: 9674:sound learning 9659: 9647: 9635: 9620: 9608: 9599: 9586: 9577: 9570: 9564:. p. 60. 9529: 9517: 9456: 9446: 9434: 9416: 9390:) Christian." 9367: 9303:(2): 113–154. 9277: 9257: 9245: 9219: 9209: 9200: 9187: 9126: 9117: 9108: 9099: 9085: 9075: 9065: 9050: 9011: 8988:(4): 547–556. 8938: 8913: 8881: 8848: 8839: 8789: 8775: 8761: 8748: 8735: 8687: 8683:State of Grace 8673: 8641: 8629:Johan Huizinga 8619: 8599: 8586: 8577: 8563: 8554: 8545: 8536: 8511: 8494: 8484: 8458: 8454:Thomas Cajetan 8445: 8436: 8415: 8382: 8361: 8336: 8320: 8289: 8279: 8233: 8223: 8214: 8205: 8191: 8182: 8173: 8153: 8129: 8101: 8087: 8078: 8068: 8064:Pope Damasus I 8051: 8042:Andrea Ammonio 8030: 8021: 8015: 7983: 7942: 7907: 7874: 7848: 7835: 7803: 7790: 7770:, given after 7768:baptismal name 7756: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7734: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7710: 7700: 7697:Erasmus Bridge 7693: 7674: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7659: 7646: 7639: 7632: 7621: 7620: 7619: 7616:Erasmus Mundus 7612: 7605: 7595:European Union 7581: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7560: 7557: 7554: 7538: 7535:Quentin Matsys 7532: 7516:Albrecht Dürer 7513: 7510:William Warham 7472:Albrecht Dürer 7463: 7460: 7405:Quentin Matsys 7368: 7365: 7287: 7284: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7210: 7189: 7168:Main article: 7165: 7162: 7133:Church Fathers 7125: 7124: 7120: 7119: 7107:Main article: 7104: 7101: 7050:Main article: 7047: 7044: 7033: 6995: 6979:biblical texts 6965: 6954: 6951: 6927: 6924: 6874: 6840: 6839:Scopus christi 6837: 6820: 6817: 6809:Pope Adrian VI 6732: 6729: 6718:scopus christi 6709: 6706: 6696: 6674: 6630: 6625: 6610: 6584: 6570: 6567: 6541: 6519: 6458: 6455: 6437: 6434: 6430:Peter Canisius 6414: 6413: 6404: 6395: 6374: 6371: 6362: 6329: 6326: 6316: 6297: 6224:Main article: 6221: 6218: 6214:"On Free Will" 6211: 6176:bonae litterae 6132: 6129: 6113: 6110: 6028: 6003: 6000: 5980: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5863: 5860: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5814: 5807: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5780: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5757: 5753: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5040: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 5002: 5001: 4999:Friends of God 4991: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4972:Augustinianism 4968: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4951: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4937:Predestination 4934: 4929: 4924: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4873:Works of mercy 4870: 4865: 4860: 4859: 4858: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4807: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4784: 4760: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4744: 4743: 4732: 4729: 4723: 4720: 4639:Shimon Markish 4625: 4622: 4611:half-Christian 4599:Western Europe 4595:Ottoman Empire 4586: 4583: 4573: 4570: 4543: 4503: 4500: 4489: 4424: 4421: 4356:correspondence 4310: 4307: 4289: 4251:and religious 4235: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4209: 4196: 4180: 4179: 4172: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4149: 4141: 4138: 4117: 4114: 4110:Johan Huizinga 4105: 4102: 4009: 4008:Death in Basel 4006: 3971:Juan de Valdés 3921:William Blount 3869:and published 3831:William Warham 3823: 3820: 3767:Damião de Góis 3739:Damião de Góis 3709: 3706: 3672:Pope Adrian VI 3659:Pope Adrian VI 3538:Damião de Góis 3526:Simon Grynaeus 3500: 3499: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3481:William Warham 3473:Guillaume Budé 3356:Quinten Matsys 3271:Albrecht Dürer 3253: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3213:Thomas Linacre 3160:Andrea Ammonio 3138:City of London 3125: 3122: 3106:Giulio Camillo 3091:Aldus Manutius 3061:Pope Julius II 3019:His discovery 2944:Janus Lascaris 2940:Marcus Musurus 2920:Giulio Camillo 2916:Aldus Manutius 2914: 2913: 2910:Italian circle 2908: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2869: 2866: 2790:Guillaume Budé 2767: 2766: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2721:church fathers 2672:William Warham 2668:William Blount 2643:Robert Aldrich 2615:Andrea Ammonio 2607:William Grocyn 2603:Thomas Linacre 2593: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2538: 2535: 2465: 2464: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2398: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2368: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2337: 2330: 2323: 2316: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2285: 2277: 2276: 2275: 2268: 2261: 2254: 2247: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2220: 2213: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2185: 2178: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2147: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2130: 2123: 2115: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2085: 2078: 2071: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2028: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2000: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1972: 1965: 1958: 1951: 1944: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1916: 1909: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1880: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1863: 1856: 1849: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1821: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1804: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1774: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1747: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1718: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1638: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1583: 1580: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1524: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1435: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1375: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1358: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1344: 1343: 1334: 1333: 1324: 1323: 1314: 1313: 1304: 1303: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1262:Pope Julius II 1208:Juan de Valdés 1192:Andrea Ammonio 1176:Guillaume Budé 1170: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1085: 1082: 1040:Damião de Gois 923: 920: 919: 918: 903: 899: 896: 888: 885: 800:Church Fathers 763:. Through his 753:educationalist 739:, was a Dutch 629: 628: 625: 624: 621: 620: 617: 613: 612: 607: 603: 602: 597: 593: 592: 588: 587: 584: 583: 580: 579: 576: 575: 573: 572: 570:Henri de Lubac 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 535:Damião de Góis 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 491: 489: 485: 484: 482: 481: 474: 469: 463: 458: 450: 444: 442: 438: 437: 435: 434: 427: 420: 413: 406: 399: 392: 384: 382: 378: 377: 375: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 337:Bonae litterae 333: 331: 330:Main interests 327: 326: 324: 323: 318: 313: 307: 305: 301: 300: 298: 297: 291: 289: 285: 284: 279: 275: 274: 270: 269: 267: 266: 264:Thomas Aquinas 261: 256: 251: 246: 244:Aldus Manutius 241: 236: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 207: 205: 201: 200: 198: 197: 187: 182: 176: 174: 170: 169: 165: 164: 161: 160: 155:Counsellor to 153: 149: 148: 138: 137:Known for 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 119: 117:(aged 69) 111: 107: 106: 96: 87: 83: 82: 71: 63: 62: 59: 54: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 27494: 27483: 27480: 27478: 27475: 27473: 27470: 27468: 27465: 27463: 27460: 27458: 27455: 27453: 27450: 27448: 27445: 27443: 27440: 27438: 27435: 27433: 27430: 27428: 27425: 27423: 27420: 27418: 27415: 27413: 27410: 27408: 27405: 27403: 27400: 27398: 27395: 27393: 27390: 27388: 27385: 27383: 27380: 27378: 27375: 27373: 27370: 27368: 27365: 27363: 27360: 27358: 27355: 27353: 27350: 27348: 27345: 27343: 27340: 27338: 27335: 27333: 27330: 27328: 27325: 27323: 27320: 27318: 27315: 27313: 27310: 27308: 27305: 27303: 27300: 27298: 27295: 27293: 27290: 27288: 27285: 27283: 27280: 27278: 27275: 27274: 27272: 27257: 27252: 27247: 27246: 27243: 27237: 27234: 27232: 27231:Aidan Nichols 27229: 27227: 27224: 27222: 27219: 27217: 27214: 27212: 27211:Michał Heller 27209: 27207: 27204: 27202: 27201:Walter Kasper 27199: 27197: 27194: 27192: 27189: 27187: 27184: 27182: 27179: 27177: 27174: 27172: 27169: 27168: 27166: 27162: 27156: 27153: 27151: 27148: 27146: 27143: 27141: 27138: 27136: 27133: 27131: 27130:Thomas Merton 27128: 27126: 27123: 27121: 27118: 27116: 27113: 27111: 27108: 27106: 27103: 27101: 27100:Jean Daniélou 27098: 27096: 27093: 27091: 27088: 27086: 27083: 27081: 27078: 27076: 27073: 27071: 27068: 27066: 27063: 27061: 27058: 27056: 27053: 27051: 27048: 27046: 27043: 27041: 27038: 27036: 27033: 27031: 27028: 27026: 27023: 27021: 27018: 27016: 27013: 27011: 27008: 27006: 27003: 27001: 26998: 26996: 26993: 26991: 26988: 26986: 26983: 26981: 26978: 26977: 26975: 26971: 26965: 26962: 26960: 26957: 26955: 26952: 26950: 26947: 26945: 26942: 26940: 26937: 26935: 26932: 26930: 26927: 26925: 26922: 26920: 26917: 26915: 26912: 26910: 26907: 26905: 26902: 26900: 26897: 26895: 26892: 26890: 26887: 26885: 26882: 26880: 26877: 26875: 26872: 26870: 26867: 26865: 26862: 26860: 26857: 26855: 26852: 26850: 26847: 26845: 26842: 26840: 26839:Joseph Görres 26837: 26836: 26834: 26830: 26824: 26823:Bruno Lanteri 26821: 26819: 26816: 26814: 26811: 26809: 26806: 26804: 26801: 26799: 26796: 26794: 26791: 26789: 26786: 26784: 26781: 26779: 26778:Blaise Pascal 26776: 26773: 26769: 26766: 26764: 26761: 26759: 26756: 26754: 26751: 26749: 26746: 26744: 26741: 26739: 26736: 26734: 26731: 26729: 26726: 26724: 26721: 26719: 26716: 26715: 26713: 26710: 26705: 26700: 26694: 26691: 26689: 26686: 26684: 26681: 26679: 26676: 26673: 26669: 26666: 26664: 26661: 26659: 26656: 26654: 26651: 26649: 26646: 26644: 26641: 26639: 26638:John of Ávila 26636: 26634: 26631: 26629: 26626: 26624: 26621: 26619: 26616: 26614: 26611: 26609: 26606: 26604: 26601: 26599: 26596: 26594: 26591: 26590: 26588: 26585: 26581: 26576: 26570: 26567: 26565: 26562: 26560: 26557: 26555: 26552: 26550: 26547: 26545: 26542: 26540: 26537: 26535: 26532: 26530: 26527: 26525: 26524: 26520: 26518: 26517:Walter Hilton 26515: 26513: 26510: 26508: 26505: 26503: 26500: 26498: 26495: 26493: 26490: 26488: 26487:Richard Rolle 26485: 26483: 26480: 26478: 26475: 26473: 26470: 26468: 26465: 26464: 26462: 26459: 26455: 26449: 26446: 26444: 26441: 26439: 26436: 26434: 26431: 26429: 26426: 26424: 26421: 26419: 26416: 26414: 26411: 26409: 26406: 26404: 26401: 26399: 26396: 26394: 26391: 26389: 26386: 26384: 26381: 26379: 26376: 26374: 26371: 26369: 26368:Peter Lombard 26366: 26364: 26361: 26359: 26356: 26354: 26353:Peter Abelard 26351: 26349: 26346: 26344: 26341: 26339: 26336: 26334: 26331: 26329: 26326: 26324: 26321: 26320: 26318: 26316: 26312: 26306: 26303: 26301: 26298: 26296: 26293: 26291: 26288: 26286: 26283: 26281: 26278: 26276: 26273: 26271: 26268: 26266: 26263: 26261: 26258: 26256: 26253: 26251: 26248: 26246: 26245:Monothelitism 26243: 26241: 26238: 26236: 26235:John Climacus 26233: 26231: 26228: 26227: 26225: 26223: 26219: 26213: 26210: 26208: 26205: 26203: 26200: 26198: 26195: 26193: 26190: 26188: 26185: 26183: 26180: 26178: 26175: 26173: 26170: 26168: 26165: 26163: 26160: 26158: 26155: 26153: 26150: 26148: 26145: 26143: 26140: 26138: 26135: 26133: 26130: 26128: 26125: 26123: 26122:Monophysitism 26120: 26118: 26115: 26113: 26110: 26108: 26105: 26103: 26100: 26098: 26095: 26094: 26092: 26089: 26084: 26079: 26073: 26070: 26068: 26065: 26063: 26060: 26058: 26055: 26053: 26050: 26048: 26045: 26043: 26042: 26038: 26036: 26035:Justin Martyr 26033: 26031: 26028: 26026: 26025: 26021: 26019: 26018: 26014: 26012: 26009: 26007: 26004: 26002: 26001: 25997: 25995: 25992: 25990: 25987: 25985: 25982: 25981: 25979: 25977: 25973: 25967: 25964: 25960: 25957: 25955: 25952: 25951: 25950: 25947: 25945: 25942: 25938: 25937:Papal primacy 25935: 25934: 25933: 25930: 25926: 25923: 25922: 25921: 25918: 25917: 25915: 25911: 25907: 25902: 25898: 25891: 25886: 25884: 25879: 25877: 25872: 25871: 25868: 25856: 25846: 25844: 25839: 25834: 25833: 25830: 25824: 25823:Phenomenology 25821: 25819: 25816: 25814: 25811: 25809: 25806: 25804: 25801: 25799: 25796: 25794: 25791: 25789: 25786: 25784: 25781: 25779: 25776: 25775: 25773: 25769: 25763: 25760: 25758: 25755: 25753: 25750: 25746: 25743: 25741: 25738: 25737: 25736: 25733: 25731: 25728: 25726: 25723: 25721: 25720:Rota Fortunae 25718: 25716: 25713: 25711: 25708: 25706: 25703: 25701: 25698: 25696: 25693: 25691: 25688: 25686: 25683: 25681: 25680:Occam's razor 25678: 25676: 25673: 25671: 25668: 25666: 25663: 25661: 25660:Head of a pin 25658: 25656: 25653: 25651: 25648: 25646: 25643: 25641: 25638: 25636: 25633: 25631: 25628: 25626: 25623: 25621: 25618: 25616: 25613: 25611: 25608: 25606: 25603: 25601: 25598: 25596: 25593: 25591: 25588: 25586: 25583: 25581: 25578: 25576: 25575:Actus Essendi 25573: 25572: 25570: 25566: 25560: 25557: 25555: 25552: 25550: 25547: 25545: 25542: 25540: 25537: 25535: 25532: 25530: 25527: 25525: 25522: 25520: 25517: 25515: 25512: 25510: 25507: 25505: 25502: 25500: 25497: 25495: 25492: 25490: 25487: 25485: 25482: 25480: 25477: 25475: 25472: 25470: 25467: 25465: 25462: 25460: 25457: 25455: 25452: 25450: 25447: 25445: 25442: 25440: 25437: 25435: 25432: 25430: 25427: 25425: 25422: 25420: 25417: 25415: 25412: 25410: 25409:Chateaubriand 25407: 25405: 25402: 25400: 25397: 25395: 25392: 25390: 25387: 25385: 25382: 25380: 25377: 25375: 25372: 25370: 25367: 25365: 25362: 25360: 25357: 25355: 25352: 25351: 25349: 25347: 25343: 25333: 25330: 25328: 25325: 25323: 25320: 25319: 25317: 25313: 25307: 25304: 25302: 25299: 25297: 25296:Conceptualism 25294: 25292: 25289: 25287: 25284: 25283: 25281: 25279: 25275: 25269: 25266: 25264: 25261: 25259: 25256: 25254: 25251: 25249: 25246: 25244: 25241: 25240: 25238: 25236: 25232: 25226: 25223: 25221: 25218: 25216: 25213: 25211: 25210:Scholasticism 25208: 25206: 25203: 25202: 25200: 25198: 25194: 25191: 25187: 25160: 25159:Virtue ethics 25157: 25155: 25152: 25150: 25147: 25145: 25144:Seven virtues 25142: 25140: 25137: 25135: 25132: 25130: 25127: 25125: 25122: 25120: 25117: 25115: 25112: 25110: 25107: 25106: 25104: 25102: 25098: 25094: 25087: 25082: 25080: 25075: 25073: 25068: 25067: 25064: 25052: 25049: 25048: 25045: 25039: 25036: 25034: 25033:Social theory 25031: 25029: 25026: 25024: 25021: 25019: 25016: 25014: 25011: 25009: 25006: 25004: 25001: 24999: 24996: 24994: 24991: 24989: 24986: 24984: 24981: 24979: 24976: 24974: 24971: 24969: 24966: 24964: 24961: 24959: 24956: 24955: 24953: 24949: 24940: 24939: 24935: 24930: 24929: 24925: 24920: 24919: 24915: 24910: 24909: 24905: 24900: 24899: 24895: 24890: 24889: 24885: 24880: 24879: 24875: 24870: 24869: 24865: 24860: 24859: 24855: 24850: 24849: 24845: 24840: 24839: 24835: 24830: 24829: 24825: 24820: 24819: 24815: 24810: 24809: 24805: 24800: 24799: 24795: 24790: 24789: 24785: 24784: 24782: 24778: 24768: 24765: 24763: 24760: 24758: 24755: 24753: 24750: 24748: 24745: 24743: 24740: 24738: 24735: 24733: 24730: 24728: 24725: 24723: 24720: 24718: 24715: 24713: 24710: 24708: 24705: 24703: 24700: 24698: 24695: 24693: 24690: 24688: 24687:Radhakrishnan 24685: 24683: 24680: 24678: 24675: 24673: 24670: 24668: 24665: 24663: 24660: 24658: 24655: 24653: 24650: 24648: 24645: 24643: 24640: 24638: 24635: 24633: 24630: 24628: 24625: 24623: 24620: 24618: 24615: 24613: 24610: 24608: 24605: 24603: 24600: 24598: 24595: 24593: 24590: 24588: 24585: 24583: 24580: 24578: 24575: 24573: 24570: 24568: 24565: 24563: 24560: 24558: 24555: 24553: 24550: 24548: 24545: 24543: 24540: 24538: 24535: 24533: 24530: 24528: 24525: 24523: 24520: 24518: 24515: 24513: 24510: 24508: 24505: 24503: 24500: 24498: 24495: 24493: 24490: 24488: 24485: 24483: 24480: 24478: 24475: 24473: 24470: 24468: 24465: 24463: 24460: 24458: 24455: 24454: 24452: 24448:20th and 21st 24446: 24440: 24437: 24435: 24432: 24430: 24427: 24425: 24422: 24420: 24417: 24415: 24412: 24410: 24407: 24405: 24402: 24400: 24397: 24395: 24392: 24390: 24387: 24385: 24382: 24380: 24377: 24375: 24372: 24370: 24367: 24365: 24362: 24360: 24357: 24355: 24352: 24350: 24347: 24345: 24342: 24340: 24337: 24335: 24332: 24330: 24327: 24325: 24322: 24320: 24317: 24315: 24312: 24310: 24307: 24305: 24302: 24300: 24297: 24295: 24292: 24290: 24287: 24285: 24282: 24280: 24277: 24275: 24272: 24270: 24267: 24265: 24262: 24260: 24257: 24255: 24252: 24250: 24247: 24246: 24244: 24240:18th and 19th 24238: 24232: 24229: 24227: 24224: 24222: 24219: 24217: 24214: 24212: 24209: 24207: 24204: 24202: 24199: 24197: 24194: 24193: 24191: 24187: 24181: 24178: 24176: 24173: 24171: 24168: 24166: 24163: 24161: 24158: 24156: 24153: 24151: 24148: 24146: 24143: 24141: 24138: 24136: 24133: 24131: 24128: 24126: 24123: 24122: 24120: 24116: 24110: 24107: 24105: 24102: 24100: 24097: 24095: 24092: 24090: 24087: 24085: 24082: 24080: 24077: 24075: 24072: 24070: 24067: 24065: 24062: 24060: 24057: 24055: 24052: 24050: 24047: 24045: 24042: 24040: 24037: 24036: 24034: 24030: 24027: 24023: 24017: 24014: 24012: 24009: 24005: 24002: 24001: 24000: 23997: 23995: 23992: 23990: 23987: 23983: 23980: 23979: 23978: 23975: 23973: 23970: 23969: 23967: 23963: 23957: 23954: 23951: 23950: 23945: 23941: 23938: 23937: 23936: 23933: 23931: 23928: 23926: 23923: 23921: 23918: 23916: 23913: 23911: 23908: 23905: 23904: 23899: 23897: 23894: 23891: 23890: 23885: 23883: 23880: 23878: 23875: 23873: 23870: 23868: 23865: 23861: 23858: 23857: 23856: 23853: 23851: 23848: 23846: 23843: 23841: 23838: 23836: 23833: 23831: 23828: 23824: 23821: 23820: 23819: 23816: 23814: 23811: 23809: 23806: 23804: 23801: 23799: 23796: 23792: 23789: 23788: 23787: 23784: 23780: 23777: 23775: 23772: 23770: 23767: 23766: 23765: 23762: 23760: 23757: 23755: 23752: 23750: 23747: 23745: 23742: 23740: 23737: 23735: 23732: 23731: 23729: 23725: 23721: 23714: 23709: 23707: 23702: 23700: 23695: 23694: 23691: 23679: 23671: 23669: 23665: 23661: 23660: 23657: 23651: 23650: 23646: 23644: 23641: 23639: 23636: 23634: 23631: 23629: 23626: 23624: 23621: 23619: 23616: 23614: 23611: 23609: 23606: 23604: 23601: 23599: 23596: 23595: 23593: 23589: 23579: 23576: 23575: 23572: 23569: 23567: 23564: 23562: 23559: 23557: 23554: 23552: 23549: 23547: 23544: 23542: 23539: 23537: 23534: 23532: 23529: 23527: 23524: 23522: 23521:Anthony Kenny 23519: 23517: 23514: 23512: 23509: 23507: 23504: 23503: 23501: 23493: 23487: 23484: 23482: 23479: 23477: 23474: 23472: 23469: 23467: 23464: 23462: 23459: 23457: 23454: 23452: 23449: 23447: 23446:Mircea Eliade 23444: 23442: 23439: 23438: 23435: 23432: 23430: 23427: 23425: 23422: 23420: 23417: 23415: 23412: 23410: 23407: 23405: 23402: 23400: 23397: 23395: 23392: 23390: 23387: 23386: 23384: 23378: 23372: 23369: 23367: 23364: 23362: 23359: 23357: 23354: 23352: 23349: 23347: 23344: 23342: 23339: 23337: 23334: 23333: 23330: 23329:William James 23327: 23325: 23322: 23320: 23317: 23315: 23312: 23310: 23309:Ernst Haeckel 23307: 23306: 23304: 23298: 23292: 23289: 23287: 23284: 23282: 23279: 23277: 23274: 23272: 23269: 23267: 23264: 23262: 23259: 23258: 23255: 23252: 23250: 23247: 23245: 23242: 23241: 23239: 23233: 23227: 23224: 23222: 23221:Immanuel Kant 23219: 23217: 23214: 23212: 23209: 23207: 23204: 23202: 23199: 23197: 23194: 23192: 23189: 23187: 23184: 23182: 23179: 23177: 23176:Blaise Pascal 23174: 23172: 23169: 23167: 23164: 23163: 23161: 23159: 23155: 23149: 23146: 23144: 23141: 23139: 23136: 23134: 23131: 23129: 23126: 23124: 23121: 23119: 23116: 23114: 23111: 23109: 23106: 23104: 23101: 23099: 23096: 23094: 23091: 23089: 23086: 23084: 23081: 23079: 23076: 23075: 23073: 23071: 23066: 23062: 23059: 23054: 23047: 23041: 23038: 23036: 23033: 23031: 23028: 23026: 23023: 23021: 23018: 23016: 23013: 23011: 23008: 23007: 23005: 23003: 22999: 22993: 22990: 22988: 22985: 22983: 22980: 22978: 22977:Language game 22975: 22973: 22970: 22969: 22967: 22965: 22961: 22955: 22954: 22950: 22948: 22945: 22943: 22940: 22938: 22935: 22933: 22930: 22928: 22925: 22923: 22920: 22918: 22915: 22913: 22910: 22908: 22905: 22903: 22900: 22898: 22895: 22893: 22890: 22888: 22885: 22883: 22880: 22878: 22875: 22873: 22870: 22866: 22863: 22861: 22858: 22856: 22853: 22852: 22851: 22848: 22846: 22843: 22841: 22838: 22836: 22833: 22831: 22828: 22826: 22823: 22819: 22816: 22814: 22811: 22809: 22806: 22805: 22804: 22801: 22799: 22796: 22794: 22791: 22789: 22786: 22784: 22781: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22768: 22767: 22764: 22760: 22757: 22755: 22752: 22751: 22750: 22747: 22745: 22742: 22740: 22737: 22735: 22732: 22730: 22727: 22725: 22722: 22720: 22717: 22715: 22712: 22710: 22707: 22705: 22702: 22700: 22697: 22695: 22692: 22690: 22687: 22685: 22682: 22681: 22679: 22677: 22673: 22663: 22660: 22658: 22655: 22653: 22650: 22648: 22647:Occam's razor 22645: 22643: 22640: 22638: 22635: 22633: 22630: 22628: 22625: 22623: 22620: 22618: 22615: 22613: 22610: 22608: 22605: 22604: 22602: 22598: 22592: 22589: 22585: 22582: 22580: 22577: 22576: 22575: 22572: 22570: 22567: 22565: 22562: 22560: 22557: 22555: 22552: 22550: 22547: 22545: 22542: 22540: 22537: 22535: 22532: 22530: 22527: 22525: 22522: 22520: 22517: 22515: 22512: 22508: 22505: 22503: 22500: 22499: 22498: 22495: 22493: 22492:Consciousness 22490: 22488: 22485: 22483: 22480: 22479: 22477: 22473: 22470: 22468: 22464: 22454: 22451: 22449: 22446: 22444: 22441: 22439: 22436: 22434: 22431: 22429: 22426: 22424: 22421: 22419: 22416: 22414: 22411: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22400: 22398: 22394: 22388: 22387:Unmoved mover 22385: 22383: 22382:Supreme Being 22380: 22378: 22375: 22373: 22370: 22368: 22365: 22363: 22360: 22358: 22355: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22338: 22335: 22334: 22331: 22328: 22326: 22322: 22316: 22313: 22311: 22308: 22306: 22303: 22301: 22298: 22296: 22293: 22291: 22288: 22286: 22283: 22279: 22275: 22274: 22273: 22270: 22268: 22265: 22263: 22260: 22259: 22257: 22253: 22249: 22242: 22237: 22235: 22230: 22228: 22223: 22222: 22219: 22207: 22206: 22202: 22200: 22197: 22196: 22194: 22190: 22183: 22180: 22177: 22174: 22173: 22171: 22169: 22165: 22159: 22157: 22153: 22151: 22149: 22145: 22143: 22141: 22137: 22135: 22133: 22129: 22127: 22125: 22121: 22119: 22117: 22113: 22111: 22109: 22108:Martin Luther 22105: 22103: 22101: 22097: 22095: 22093: 22092:Martin Luther 22089: 22088: 22086: 22083: 22079: 22073: 22070: 22068: 22065: 22063: 22060: 22058: 22055: 22053: 22050: 22048: 22045: 22043: 22040: 22038: 22035: 22033: 22030: 22028: 22025: 22024: 22022: 22018: 22012: 22009: 22007: 22004: 22002: 21999: 21997: 21994: 21992: 21989: 21987: 21984: 21982: 21979: 21977: 21974: 21972: 21969: 21967: 21964: 21962: 21959: 21957: 21954: 21952: 21949: 21947: 21944: 21942: 21939: 21934: 21931: 21926: 21923: 21918: 21915: 21909: 21908: 21906: 21902: 21896: 21894: 21890: 21888: 21885: 21883: 21880: 21876: 21873: 21871: 21868: 21867: 21866: 21863: 21859: 21856: 21854: 21851: 21848: 21845: 21843: 21840: 21838: 21837: 21833: 21831: 21830: 21826: 21824: 21821: 21819: 21816: 21815: 21814: 21811: 21809: 21806: 21804: 21801: 21799: 21796: 21794: 21792: 21788: 21786: 21783: 21781: 21779: 21775: 21773: 21770: 21768: 21765: 21763: 21760: 21758: 21755: 21754: 21752: 21746: 21735: 21731: 21728: 21724: 21721: 21720: 21716: 21713: 21712: 21708: 21705: 21702: 21701: 21699: 21697: 21696:List of hymns 21693: 21687: 21684: 21681: 21680: 21675: 21672: 21671: 21667: 21664: 21663: 21659: 21656: 21655: 21651: 21648: 21645: 21642: 21641: 21637: 21634: 21633: 21629: 21626: 21625: 21621: 21618: 21617: 21613: 21610: 21609: 21605: 21602: 21601: 21597: 21594: 21593: 21589: 21586: 21585: 21581: 21578: 21577: 21573: 21570: 21569: 21565: 21562: 21561: 21557: 21554: 21553: 21549: 21546: 21545: 21541: 21538: 21537: 21533: 21530: 21529: 21525: 21522: 21521: 21517: 21514: 21513: 21509: 21506: 21505: 21501: 21500: 21498: 21494: 21488: 21485: 21483: 21480: 21479: 21476: 21472: 21471:Martin Luther 21465: 21460: 21458: 21453: 21451: 21446: 21445: 21442: 21430: 21422: 21421: 21418: 21410: 21409:Erasmus Prize 21407: 21406: 21405: 21402: 21399: 21398: 21394: 21393: 21391: 21387: 21380: 21379: 21375: 21372: 21369: 21366: 21365: 21361: 21360: 21358: 21354: 21349: 21338: 21337: 21333: 21330: 21329: 21325: 21322: 21321: 21317: 21314: 21313: 21309: 21306: 21305: 21301: 21298: 21297: 21293: 21290: 21289: 21285: 21282: 21281: 21277: 21274: 21273: 21269: 21266: 21265: 21261: 21258: 21257: 21253: 21250: 21249: 21245: 21244: 21242: 21238: 21232: 21229: 21228: 21225: 21221: 21214: 21209: 21207: 21202: 21200: 21195: 21194: 21191: 21184: 21179: 21174: 21172: 21167: 21162: 21160: 21150: 21149: 21146: 21136: 21132: 21127: 21124: 21122: 21118: 21114: 21110: 21107: 21103: 21100:, and guests 21099: 21095: 21092: 21084: 21080: 21077: 21076: 21068: 21064: 21061: 21058: 21054: 21051: 21048: 21044: 21041: 21038: 21035: 21033: 21030: 21029: 21021: 21017: 21014: 21012: 21008: 21005: 21002: 21001: 20996: 20992: 20991: 20986: 20982: 20980: 20979: 20974: 20971: 20970: 20964: 20961: 20959: 20956: 20954: 20951: 20950: 20948: 20940: 20937: 20935: 20932: 20930: 20927: 20926: 20921: 20916: 20901: 20897: 20893: 20889: 20885: 20881: 20877: 20873: 20869: 20865: 20861: 20856: 20853: 20850: 20847: 20843: 20840: 20839: 20830: 20826: 20824: 20820: 20816: 20812: 20809: 20805: 20800: 20797: 20796: 20794: 20790: 20787: 20786: 20776: 20772: 20769: 20765: 20762: 20758: 20755: 20751: 20748: 20744: 20741: 20740: 20735: 20732: 20731: 20726: 20723: 20722: 20717: 20714: 20710: 20707: 20703: 20700: 20696: 20693: 20689: 20686: 20682: 20679: 20676: 20672: 20668: 20666:9780802085771 20662: 20658: 20657: 20652: 20651: 20640: 20636: 20633: 20630: 20629: 20624: 20621: 20617: 20615:9780826491558 20611: 20607: 20602: 20599: 20598: 20593: 20589: 20585: 20581: 20576: 20575: 20573: 20569: 20563: 20562: 20557: 20553: 20549: 20543: 20539: 20538: 20533: 20529: 20525: 20524: 20519: 20515: 20511: 20507: 20503: 20502: 20497: 20493: 20489: 20483: 20479: 20474: 20471: 20467: 20463: 20461:9781857926958 20457: 20453: 20448: 20445: 20441: 20437: 20431: 20427: 20422: 20421: 20396: 20392: 20388: 20384: 20380: 20376: 20372: 20365: 20358: 20352: 20344: 20340: 20334: 20326: 20322: 20316: 20308: 20302: 20286: 20280: 20278: 20269: 20265: 20259: 20251: 20247: 20241: 20233: 20229: 20223: 20215: 20211: 20205: 20197: 20193: 20187: 20179: 20175: 20168: 20153: 20149: 20143: 20127: 20123: 20117: 20102: 20098: 20091: 20082: 20067: 20063: 20057: 20049: 20048: 20040: 20024: 20023: 20018: 20012: 20004: 20000: 19996: 19992: 19988: 19984: 19980: 19976: 19972: 19968: 19964: 19957: 19955: 19938: 19937: 19932: 19926: 19924: 19915: 19908: 19900: 19893: 19891: 19889: 19877: 19873: 19868: 19864: 19860: 19856: 19855:EXARC Journal 19852: 19847: 19846: 19842: 19833: 19831: 19829: 19822: 19817: 19809: 19805: 19799: 19791: 19787: 19783: 19779: 19775: 19771: 19764: 19756: 19752: 19748: 19744: 19740: 19736: 19732: 19725: 19717: 19713: 19708: 19703: 19699: 19695: 19691: 19687: 19683: 19676: 19668: 19662: 19658: 19654: 19650: 19643: 19635: 19631: 19627: 19623: 19615: 19607: 19603: 19599: 19595: 19591: 19587: 19583: 19579: 19575: 19571: 19567: 19560: 19552: 19548: 19544: 19540: 19536: 19532: 19528: 19524: 19520: 19513: 19505: 19501: 19497: 19493: 19489: 19485: 19481: 19474: 19467: 19461: 19453: 19449: 19445: 19441: 19437: 19433: 19430:(1): 84–101. 19429: 19425: 19421: 19414: 19398: 19395:(145): 7, 8. 19394: 19390: 19383: 19376: 19372: 19371: 19367:Tello, Joan. 19364: 19356: 19352: 19348: 19341: 19333: 19329: 19325: 19321: 19317: 19313: 19306: 19298: 19296:9789004539686 19292: 19288: 19284: 19280: 19273: 19257: 19253: 19249: 19245: 19241: 19237: 19233: 19229: 19225: 19221: 19214: 19207: 19201: 19185: 19181: 19177: 19170: 19168: 19159: 19155: 19151: 19144: 19136: 19132: 19126: 19110: 19106: 19102: 19098: 19091: 19089: 19072: 19068: 19064: 19057: 19038: 19034: 19030: 19026: 19019: 19017: 19008: 18993: 18989: 18985: 18984: 18976: 18968: 18964: 18960: 18953: 18945: 18941: 18937: 18933: 18925: 18917: 18913: 18909: 18905: 18901: 18894: 18886: 18882: 18878: 18872: 18868: 18867: 18860: 18852: 18846: 18842: 18838: 18834: 18827: 18811: 18807: 18803: 18796: 18788: 18786:9780228014690 18782: 18778: 18777: 18769: 18761: 18760: 18752: 18744: 18740: 18736: 18732: 18728: 18724: 18717: 18701: 18697: 18693: 18689: 18685: 18681: 18677: 18673: 18666: 18664: 18655: 18651: 18647: 18643: 18636: 18634: 18632: 18630: 18628: 18619: 18615: 18611: 18607: 18600: 18592: 18588: 18584: 18577: 18575: 18573: 18571: 18562: 18558: 18554: 18550: 18546: 18542: 18538: 18534: 18530: 18523: 18515: 18509: 18505: 18501: 18497: 18496: 18487: 18479: 18478: 18470: 18462: 18456: 18452: 18445: 18437: 18433: 18429: 18425: 18421: 18414: 18412: 18404: 18398: 18390: 18386: 18382: 18380:9780813228013 18376: 18372: 18368: 18364: 18360: 18353: 18345: 18343:9780802092229 18339: 18335: 18329: 18318: 18317: 18309: 18301: 18297: 18293: 18291:9780802068064 18287: 18283: 18279: 18272: 18264: 18260: 18253: 18245: 18241: 18237: 18231: 18227: 18223: 18219: 18215: 18208: 18200: 18196: 18189: 18181: 18175: 18169: 18150: 18146: 18139: 18132: 18113: 18112: 18104: 18102: 18093: 18089: 18085: 18081: 18074: 18058: 18054: 18050: 18043: 18027: 18023: 18019: 18015: 18011: 18007: 18003: 18000:(1): 78–106. 17999: 17995: 17991: 17984: 17976: 17970: 17966: 17962: 17958: 17951: 17949: 17947: 17945: 17928: 17924: 17920: 17913: 17897: 17890: 17883: 17867: 17863: 17862: 17854: 17838: 17834: 17827: 17819: 17815: 17811: 17807: 17800: 17784: 17780: 17776: 17772: 17770:9781487500610 17766: 17762: 17761: 17753: 17751: 17742: 17738: 17734: 17730: 17726: 17722: 17715: 17699: 17692: 17685: 17677: 17673: 17669: 17665: 17661: 17657: 17650: 17642: 17638: 17634: 17630: 17622: 17614: 17612:9789004539686 17608: 17604: 17600: 17596: 17589: 17581: 17579:9789004255630 17575: 17571: 17567: 17563: 17556: 17550: 17548: 17542: 17538: 17535: 17534: 17528: 17512: 17508: 17504: 17500: 17496: 17492: 17485: 17477: 17471: 17467: 17466: 17458: 17456: 17454: 17445: 17439: 17435: 17431: 17427: 17426:Controversies 17420: 17414: 17411: 17405: 17399: 17396: 17392: 17389: 17384: 17377: 17373: 17372:Hyperaspistes 17368: 17360: 17358:90-04-12218-4 17354: 17350: 17349: 17341: 17334: 17330: 17326: 17321: 17314: 17310: 17304: 17297: 17291: 17276: 17272: 17265: 17254: 17253: 17245: 17229: 17225: 17221: 17214: 17206: 17202: 17198: 17190: 17188: 17179: 17177:0-8020-5976-7 17173: 17169: 17165: 17159: 17151: 17147: 17143: 17139: 17132: 17123: 17118: 17115:(1): 33–102. 17114: 17110: 17106: 17099: 17083: 17079: 17075: 17069: 17060: 17044: 17040: 17036: 17032: 17028: 17024: 17020: 17016: 17012: 17008: 17004: 17000: 16993: 16986: 16980: 16978: 16969: 16965: 16961: 16957: 16953: 16949: 16945: 16941: 16937: 16933: 16929: 16922: 16913: 16905: 16901: 16894: 16886: 16882: 16878: 16871: 16863: 16859: 16853: 16848: 16829: 16825: 16818: 16811: 16803: 16796: 16788: 16782: 16778: 16771: 16755: 16751: 16750:Image Journal 16747: 16740: 16724: 16720: 16718:9780521772242 16714: 16710: 16706: 16702: 16698: 16691: 16689: 16687: 16685: 16683: 16674: 16668: 16664: 16660: 16656: 16649: 16641: 16635: 16627: 16623: 16619: 16613: 16609: 16605: 16601: 16594: 16586: 16582: 16578: 16574: 16570: 16566: 16559: 16551: 16545: 16529: 16525: 16519: 16515: 16511: 16507: 16506: 16501: 16494: 16486: 16479: 16471: 16464: 16456: 16452: 16448: 16441: 16425: 16421: 16417: 16413: 16409: 16405: 16401: 16397: 16393: 16389: 16385: 16381: 16374: 16366: 16360: 16356: 16352: 16348: 16341: 16325: 16321: 16320: 16313: 16297: 16293: 16287: 16281: 16277: 16274: 16257: 16253: 16249: 16245: 16241: 16237: 16233: 16226: 16219: 16203: 16199: 16193: 16190:. CUA Press. 16189: 16188: 16180: 16178: 16176: 16167: 16163: 16159: 16152: 16136: 16132: 16128: 16121: 16113: 16109: 16102: 16086: 16085: 16077: 16070: 16069: 16062: 16054: 16050: 16044: 16028: 16024: 16020: 16016: 16012: 16008: 16001: 15999: 15992: 15991:0-271-02811-4 15988: 15984: 15981:Remer, Gary, 15978: 15962: 15958: 15954: 15950: 15943: 15941: 15939: 15922: 15918: 15914: 15907: 15899: 15898: 15890: 15875: 15869: 15865: 15864: 15856: 15840: 15836: 15832: 15828: 15824: 15820: 15816: 15812: 15805: 15789: 15785: 15781: 15774: 15766: 15760: 15756: 15752: 15748: 15741: 15726: 15720: 15712: 15708: 15704: 15698: 15694: 15693: 15685: 15670: 15666: 15659: 15643: 15639: 15635: 15628: 15612: 15608: 15604: 15600: 15596: 15592: 15588: 15584: 15577: 15575: 15558: 15554: 15550: 15543: 15527: 15523: 15519: 15512: 15505: 15499: 15491: 15489:9789004539686 15485: 15481: 15477: 15473: 15466: 15458: 15454: 15450: 15443: 15441: 15439: 15430: 15426: 15422: 15418: 15414: 15410: 15406: 15399: 15391: 15389:9781139017169 15385: 15381: 15377: 15373: 15366: 15364: 15347: 15343: 15339: 15335: 15331: 15327: 15323: 15319: 15312: 15304: 15300: 15296: 15289: 15281: 15277: 15273: 15269: 15265: 15261: 15254: 15252: 15243: 15237: 15233: 15229: 15225: 15221: 15214: 15212: 15210: 15208: 15192: 15188: 15184: 15180: 15176: 15172: 15168: 15161: 15153: 15149: 15145: 15141: 15133: 15118: 15114: 15110: 15106: 15102: 15098: 15094: 15087: 15071: 15067: 15063: 15059: 15055: 15051: 15047: 15043: 15037: 15035: 15029: 15027: 15018: 15012: 15008: 15001: 14993: 14989: 14985: 14981: 14974: 14958: 14954: 14950: 14946: 14942: 14938: 14934: 14930: 14923: 14907: 14903: 14899: 14895: 14888: 14881: 14879:9789004129849 14875: 14871: 14864: 14856: 14852: 14848: 14844: 14840: 14836: 14832: 14828: 14824: 14823: 14815: 14813: 14803: 14795: 14791: 14787: 14783: 14776: 14774: 14757: 14753: 14749: 14743: 14735: 14734: 14728: 14720: 14712: 14708: 14701: 14685: 14681: 14677: 14671: 14655: 14651: 14647: 14643: 14642: 14634: 14626: 14620: 14616: 14612: 14608: 14601: 14599: 14590: 14583: 14581: 14564: 14560: 14559: 14551: 14549: 14540: 14536: 14532: 14531: 14523: 14521: 14504: 14500: 14496: 14492: 14488: 14484: 14480: 14476: 14472: 14468: 14461: 14453: 14449: 14445: 14441: 14434: 14432: 14430: 14421: 14417: 14413: 14407: 14403: 14399: 14395: 14388: 14381: 14375: 14367: 14361: 14357: 14356: 14348: 14340: 14336: 14332: 14326: 14322: 14318: 14314: 14307: 14305: 14303: 14294: 14290: 14286: 14280: 14276: 14272: 14268: 14260: 14241: 14237: 14236: 14230: 14218: 14214: 14210: 14206: 14205: 14201: 14193: 14187: 14183: 14179: 14175: 14174: 14166: 14158: 14154: 14150: 14146: 14142: 14138: 14134: 14127: 14125: 14123: 14121: 14104: 14100: 14096: 14089: 14070: 14066: 14062: 14055: 14048: 14046: 14037: 14030: 14022: 14016: 14012: 14008: 14004: 14003:Controversies 13996: 13994: 13985: 13981: 13977: 13973: 13969: 13965: 13961: 13954: 13952: 13935: 13931: 13927: 13921: 13913: 13907: 13903: 13899: 13895: 13888: 13881: 13867: 13863: 13859: 13853: 13846: 13840: 13832: 13826: 13822: 13818: 13817: 13809: 13801: 13797: 13793: 13789: 13785: 13781: 13777: 13770: 13768: 13766: 13764: 13747: 13743: 13737: 13721: 13717: 13713: 13709: 13705: 13701: 13697: 13693: 13689: 13685: 13681: 13677: 13670: 13662: 13656: 13652: 13645: 13643: 13634: 13628: 13624: 13620: 13616: 13609: 13607: 13605: 13603: 13594: 13588: 13580: 13576: 13570: 13555: 13549: 13545: 13544: 13536: 13534: 13532: 13523: 13517: 13513: 13509: 13505: 13501: 13494: 13478: 13473: 13469: 13465: 13461: 13457: 13453: 13446: 13444: 13427: 13423: 13419: 13415: 13411: 13404: 13396: 13388: 13387: 13379: 13377: 13375: 13373: 13356: 13352: 13345: 13329: 13325: 13321: 13317: 13313: 13309: 13305: 13301: 13297: 13293: 13286: 13270: 13266: 13262: 13256: 13237: 13233: 13232:10.58079/td2u 13229: 13225: 13221: 13216: 13212: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13184: 13180: 13176: 13171: 13167: 13166: 13160: 13159: 13155: 13139: 13135: 13131: 13125: 13116: 13108: 13104: 13098: 13082: 13078: 13074: 13067: 13051: 13047: 13043: 13036: 13034: 13017: 13013: 13012: 13004: 12988: 12984: 12980: 12974: 12966: 12960: 12956: 12949: 12933: 12929: 12925: 12919: 12911: 12910: 12904: 12899: 12895: 12889: 12882: 12878: 12872: 12865: 12860: 12851: 12842: 12834: 12830: 12826: 12822: 12818: 12811: 12803: 12799: 12792: 12783: 12781: 12779: 12777: 12775: 12773: 12764: 12758: 12754: 12753: 12745: 12737: 12731: 12727: 12723: 12719: 12715: 12708: 12692: 12688: 12684: 12678: 12670: 12666: 12662: 12658: 12654: 12650: 12643: 12641: 12639: 12622: 12618: 12614: 12610: 12606: 12602: 12598: 12595:(93): 91–96. 12594: 12590: 12586: 12579: 12571: 12565: 12561: 12554: 12546: 12542: 12538: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12519: 12511: 12507: 12503: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12487: 12480: 12464: 12460: 12454: 12450: 12449: 12441: 12439: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12410: 12406: 12402: 12398: 12394: 12390: 12386: 12379: 12371: 12364: 12356: 12349: 12347: 12338: 12323: 12319: 12315: 12314: 12308: 12300: 12298: 12296: 12294: 12277: 12273: 12269: 12265: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12247: 12243: 12239: 12232: 12213: 12209: 12203: 12196: 12195: 12187: 12172: 12168: 12164: 12163: 12155: 12147: 12145:9798352124185 12141: 12137: 12130: 12114: 12110: 12106: 12100: 12092: 12086: 12082: 12075: 12059: 12055: 12051: 12047: 12043: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12024: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12004: 12001:(2): 95–105. 12000: 11996: 11989: 11981: 11975: 11971: 11970: 11962: 11953: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11933: 11927: 11922: 11916: 11912: 11911: 11903: 11887: 11883: 11879: 11873: 11857: 11853: 11849: 11845: 11838: 11830: 11824: 11820: 11813: 11797: 11793: 11791:9781442691773 11787: 11783: 11782: 11774: 11767: 11763: 11758: 11751: 11745: 11737: 11733: 11729: 11722: 11714: 11708: 11704: 11697: 11689: 11688: 11680: 11678: 11676: 11674: 11672: 11670: 11668: 11666: 11657: 11653: 11649: 11645: 11641: 11637: 11633: 11626: 11610: 11606: 11605: 11602: 11594: 11586: 11582: 11578: 11574: 11570: 11566: 11562: 11558: 11551: 11549: 11547: 11545: 11543: 11535: 11533:9780802028679 11529: 11525: 11524: 11516: 11514: 11506: 11502: 11497: 11495: 11485: 11469: 11465: 11461: 11454: 11445: 11443: 11441: 11421: 11417: 11411: 11404: 11403: 11395: 11388: 11382: 11366: 11362: 11358: 11352: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11312: 11308: 11304: 11300: 11293: 11285: 11281: 11277: 11273: 11270:(2): 88–101. 11269: 11265: 11261: 11254: 11247: 11246:Charles Reade 11243: 11242: 11235: 11219: 11215: 11209: 11201: 11195: 11191: 11187: 11183: 11182: 11174: 11172: 11170: 11168: 11166: 11164: 11162: 11160: 11158: 11156: 11154: 11152: 11150: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11142: 11134: 11128: 11126: 11117: 11116: 11108: 11106: 11104: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11080: 11064: 11060: 11056: 11052: 11045: 11043: 11041: 11024: 11020: 11016: 11012: 11008: 11004: 11000: 10996: 10989: 10987: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10979: 10977: 10968: 10964: 10960: 10953: 10951: 10949: 10941: 10935: 10927: 10923: 10916: 10908: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10890: 10886: 10882: 10878: 10874: 10867: 10865: 10863: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10848: 10842: 10838: 10834: 10830: 10823: 10815: 10811: 10807: 10800: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10792: 10790: 10783: 10779: 10776: 10772: 10771: 10765: 10761: 10758: 10752: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10725: 10719: 10715: 10700: 10689: 10680: 10673: 10669: 10663: 10655: 10649: 10642: 10638: 10632: 10622: 10615: 10609: 10599: 10590: 10582: 10578: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10562: 10554: 10547: 10543: 10538: 10531: 10527: 10523: 10517: 10509: 10503: 10492: 10483: 10473: 10466: 10460: 10452: 10448: 10444: 10440: 10437:(2): 82–101. 10436: 10432: 10424: 10415: 10406: 10387: 10383: 10377: 10370: 10369: 10360: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10339: 10329: 10322: 10316: 10309: 10305: 10301: 10297: 10291: 10283: 10279: 10275: 10269: 10268:John Wycliffe 10263: 10257: 10253: 10250:, it was not 10249: 10245: 10242:, it was not 10241: 10237: 10231: 10212: 10205: 10204: 10195: 10186: 10182: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10166: 10161: 10157: 10151: 10144: 10138: 10131: 10125: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10064: 10057: 10051: 10044: 10038: 10031: 10027: 10021: 10013: 10011:9789004539686 10007: 10003: 9999: 9995: 9987: 9981: 9975: 9968: 9962: 9954: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9936: 9935:Protestantism 9932: 9928: 9927:Greek Fathers 9924: 9923: 9918: 9917: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9900: 9896: 9895:scholasticism 9890: 9883: 9882:Christianity. 9878: 9876:9780521403085 9872: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9853: 9843: 9827: 9823: 9819: 9815: 9809: 9805: 9799: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9763: 9747: 9743: 9735: 9726: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9679: 9675: 9671: 9670: 9663: 9657: 9651: 9645: 9639: 9631: 9624: 9617: 9612: 9603: 9596: 9590: 9581: 9573: 9567: 9563: 9559: 9558: 9551: 9547: 9543: 9539: 9533: 9524: 9522: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9469: 9460: 9450: 9444: 9438: 9426: 9420: 9413: 9409: 9408: 9403: 9399: 9395: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9371: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9288: 9281: 9273: 9269: 9261: 9255: 9249: 9240: 9236: 9229: 9223: 9213: 9204: 9197: 9191: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9140: 9136: 9130: 9121: 9112: 9103: 9095: 9089: 9079: 9069: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9051:9781487510206 9047: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9015: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8973: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8957: 8951: 8949: 8942: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8917: 8901: 8897: 8893: 8885: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8843: 8834: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8809:(1): 87–109. 8808: 8804: 8796: 8794: 8786: 8779: 8772: 8765: 8758: 8752: 8745: 8739: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8703: 8699: 8691: 8684: 8677: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8651: 8645: 8638: 8634: 8630: 8623: 8616: 8612: 8609: 8603: 8596: 8590: 8581: 8573: 8567: 8558: 8549: 8540: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8508: 8504: 8503:Oecolampadius 8498: 8488: 8477: 8472: 8468: 8462: 8455: 8449: 8440: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8419: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8386: 8379: 8375: 8371: 8368:Italian gold 8365: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8340: 8332: 8324: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8306: 8299: 8298:Henry Bullock 8293: 8283: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8242:Bernard André 8237: 8227: 8218: 8209: 8201: 8195: 8186: 8177: 8169: 8165: 8157: 8150: 8146: 8142: 8139: 8133: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8105: 8098: 8091: 8082: 8072: 8065: 8061: 8055: 8048: 8043: 8037: 8035: 8025: 8018: 8016:9780802028679 8012: 8008: 8007: 7999: 7998:progymnasmata 7993: 7987: 7978: 7974: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7946: 7938: 7934: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7917: 7911: 7904: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7871: 7867: 7866:Redemptorists 7863: 7859: 7852: 7845: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7807: 7800: 7794: 7786: 7785:Roterdamensis 7781: 7777: 7773: 7769: 7765: 7760: 7751: 7747: 7739: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7708: 7704: 7701: 7698: 7694: 7691: 7690:General Court 7687: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7668: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7647: 7644: 7640: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7626: 7625:Erasmus Prize 7622: 7617: 7614:The parallel 7613: 7610: 7606: 7603: 7600:The original 7599: 7598: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7585:The European 7584: 7583: 7575: 7574: 7569: 7568:David Starkey 7565: 7561: 7558: 7555: 7552: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7536: 7533: 7530: 7526: 7521: 7517: 7514: 7511: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7484: 7477: 7473: 7468: 7459: 7457: 7456: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7441: 7440:Concedo Nulli 7430: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7412: 7408: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7373: 7364: 7361: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7350: 7345: 7341: 7339: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7299: 7292: 7283: 7281: 7277: 7272: 7270: 7264: 7262: 7257: 7255: 7251: 7250:Quartan fever 7236: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7209: 7205: 7203: 7195: 7188: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7146: 7140: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7129:New Testament 7122: 7121: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7100: 7098: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7079: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7053: 7039: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7015: 7009: 7007: 6994: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6974: 6964: 6959: 6950: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6934: 6923: 6921: 6915: 6913: 6907: 6904: 6903:Lord's Prayer 6900: 6896: 6892: 6883: 6880: 6873: 6868: 6865: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6849: 6845: 6836: 6834: 6828: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6793: 6791: 6790:Pastoral Care 6787: 6782: 6780: 6776: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6740: 6738: 6731:Accommodation 6728: 6726: 6725:dulcification 6721: 6719: 6715: 6714:accommodation 6702: 6701:Anti-Barbieri 6695: 6690: 6687: 6680: 6673: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6657: 6655: 6654:Anti-Barbieri 6651: 6647: 6643: 6638: 6636: 6629: 6624: 6617: 6616: 6609: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6587:Lewis W Spitz 6583: 6575: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6540: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6518: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6442: 6433: 6431: 6425: 6423: 6419: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6382: 6379: 6367: 6361: 6350: 6346: 6341: 6339: 6335: 6321: 6320:Hyperaspistes 6315: 6310: 6302: 6301:Hyperaspistes 6296: 6294: 6287: 6284: 6283:Hyperaspistes 6279: 6277: 6276: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6233: 6227: 6210: 6206: 6204: 6203:accommodation 6198: 6194: 6189: 6187: 6182: 6178: 6177: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6160: 6156: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6141:Martin Luther 6139:Portraits of 6137: 6128: 6126: 6121: 6119: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6083:Saint Francis 6079: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6062: 6057: 6054: 6049: 6045: 6043: 6034: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6015: 6011: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5996: 5986: 5979: 5975: 5973: 5969: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5954: 5953:Protestantism 5951:, from which 5950: 5946: 5945:New Testament 5942: 5938: 5930: 5925: 5911: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5888: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5868: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5842: 5837: 5820: 5815: 5813: 5808: 5806: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5791: 5781: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5585: 5584: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5450:Chateaubriand 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5395: 5394: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5315:Gundissalinus 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5205: 5204: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5063: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5021:Scholasticism 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5011:Ressourcement 5009: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4955: 4952: 4948: 4947:Compatibilism 4945: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4893:Conceptualism 4891: 4890: 4887: 4882: 4881: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4868:Virtue ethics 4866: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4805: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4762: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4728: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4708: 4706: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4658:Martin Luther 4655: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4640: 4630: 4621: 4619: 4614: 4612: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4582: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4542: 4537: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4495: 4488: 4484: 4482: 4477: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4458: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4447:New Testament 4444: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4420: 4416: 4414: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4340: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4324: 4316: 4306: 4303: 4298: 4288: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4184: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4128: 4122: 4113: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4082:Basel Minster 4078: 4076: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4018:Basel Minster 4014: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3998:incommunicado 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3959:Margaret Pole 3955: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3917:Pieter Gillis 3913: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3832: 3828: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3756: 3751: 3747: 3746:carbunculosis 3740: 3736: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3705: 3704:theologians. 3703: 3699: 3695: 3694:Jan de Bakker 3691: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3670: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3621:(rather than 3620: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3596:Johann Froben 3593: 3589: 3581: 3580:fr:Claude Luc 3577: 3572: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3443: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3396:New Testament 3392: 3390: 3386: 3385:vicar general 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3369:Pieter Gillis 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3259:Pieter Gillis 3256: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3222: 3216: 3214: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3184:In 1511, the 3182: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3165: 3164:Austin Friars 3161: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3062: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3027:Lorenzo Valla 3024: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2893: 2891: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2822:Lady of Veere 2819: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2803: 2802:Robert Gaguin 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2782:Robert Fisher 2779: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2763:French circle 2754: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2680:John Longland 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631:Thomas Lupset 2628: 2627:Henry Bullock 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2580: 2578: 2577:Scholasticism 2574: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2554:Jan Standonck 2552: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2454: 2453: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2419: 2417: 2411: 2406: 2390: 2388: 2381: 2376: 2360: 2358: 2351: 2345: 2308: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2228: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2156: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2093: 2063: 2061: 2055: 2050: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2008: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1924: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1889: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1833:Stein, Gouda 1830: 1796: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1739: 1737: 1731: 1726: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1646: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1588: 1587: 1576: 1575:Life timeline 1339:Dispensations 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1220:Pieter Gillis 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1127: 1126:Canon Regular 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1081: 1079: 1078:Quartan fever 1075: 1071: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 994: 990: 988: 984: 979: 976: 974: 967: 964: 960: 954: 947: 943: 939: 935: 933: 929: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 897: 894: 893: 892: 884: 882: 878: 874: 870: 869:Martin Luther 866: 862: 858: 857: 852: 847: 845: 844: 839: 838: 833: 832: 827: 826: 821: 820: 815: 814: 809: 805: 801: 797: 796:New Testament 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 729: 721: 720: 703: 635: 626: 622: 619:25 April 1492 618: 614: 611: 608: 604: 601: 598: 594: 589: 585: 581: 577: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 500:Martin Luther 498: 496: 493: 492: 490: 486: 480: 479: 475: 473: 472:accommodation 470: 468: 464: 462: 459: 457: 456: 451: 449: 446: 445: 443: 441:Notable ideas 439: 433: 432: 428: 426: 425: 421: 419: 418: 414: 412: 411: 407: 405: 404: 400: 398: 397: 393: 391: 390: 386: 385: 383: 381:Notable works 379: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 334: 332: 328: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 308: 306: 302: 296: 293: 292: 290: 286: 283: 280: 276: 273:Academic work 271: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 226:Lorenzo Valla 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 208: 206: 202: 195: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 177: 175: 171: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 141:New Testament 139: 135: 131: 127: 122: 112: 108: 103: 99: 88: 84: 80: 76: 75: 69: 64: 57: 52: 49: 46: 40: 33: 19: 27282:1460s births 27216:Peter Kreeft 27164:21st century 27155:Henri Nouwen 27065:Jean Guitton 27045:Fulton Sheen 26973:20th century 26874:Jaime Balmes 26832:19th century 26653:Luis de León 26592: 26534:Geert Groote 26521: 26338:Peter Damian 26177:John Cassian 26117:Nestorianism 26039: 26022: 26015: 25998: 25976:Early Church 25793:Neoplatonism 25715:Ressentiment 25710:Quinque viae 25675:Memento mori 25635:Double truth 25580:Actus primus 25438: 25346:Philosophers 25253:Cartesianism 24936: 24926: 24916: 24906: 24896: 24886: 24876: 24866: 24856: 24846: 24836: 24826: 24816: 24806: 24796: 24786: 24206:Guicciardini 24200: 24189:Early modern 24025:Philosophers 23999:Conservatism 23994:Confucianism 23982:Distributism 23915:Social norms 23903:Sittlichkeit 23889:Ressentiment 23835:Institutions 23813:Human nature 23647: 23466:Martin Lings 23419:Emil Brunner 23409:Paul Tillich 23399:Martin Buber 23314:W K Clifford 23291:Afrikan Spir 23206:Thomas Chubb 23158:Early modern 23138:Adi Shankara 23051:Philosophers 23035:Natural evil 22951: 22927:Spiritualism 22902:Perennialism 22855:Metaphysical 22699:Antireligion 22574:Teleological 22497:Cosmological 22448:Baháʼí Faith 22413:Christianity 22372:Personal god 22203: 22156:Luther and I 22155: 22147: 22139: 22131: 22123: 22115: 22107: 22099: 22091: 22042:Lutherstädte 22020:Luther sites 21976:Justus Jonas 21950: 21892: 21882:Antisemitism 21842:Two kingdoms 21834: 21827: 21790: 21777: 21717: 21709: 21678: 21668: 21660: 21652: 21638: 21630: 21622: 21614: 21606: 21598: 21590: 21582: 21574: 21566: 21558: 21555:(1522, 1534) 21552:Luther Bible 21550: 21542: 21534: 21526: 21518: 21510: 21502: 21482:Bibliography 21395: 21376: 21362: 21356:Translations 21334: 21326: 21320:Ciceronianus 21318: 21310: 21302: 21294: 21286: 21278: 21270: 21262: 21254: 21246: 21219: 21171:Christianity 21134: 21125: 21112: 21098:Melvyn Bragg 20998: 20988: 20976: 20953:Online books 20946: 20929:Online books 20919: 20867: 20863: 20851: 20841: 20828: 20814: 20807: 20798: 20792: 20774: 20767: 20760: 20753: 20746: 20737: 20728: 20719: 20712: 20705: 20698: 20691: 20684: 20674: 20655: 20638: 20627: 20605: 20596: 20587: 20571: 20567: 20560: 20536: 20522: 20500: 20477: 20469: 20451: 20443: 20425: 20398:. Retrieved 20378: 20374: 20364: 20356: 20355:John Twigg, 20351: 20342: 20333: 20324: 20315: 20301: 20289:. Retrieved 20267: 20258: 20249: 20240: 20231: 20222: 20213: 20204: 20195: 20186: 20178:First Things 20177: 20167: 20155:. Retrieved 20152:First Things 20151: 20142: 20130:. Retrieved 20125: 20116: 20104:. Retrieved 20100: 20090: 20081: 20069:. Retrieved 20065: 20056: 20046: 20039: 20027:. Retrieved 20020: 20011: 19970: 19966: 19941:. Retrieved 19934: 19913: 19907: 19898: 19875: 19854: 19841: 19816: 19807: 19798: 19773: 19770:Rheumatology 19769: 19763: 19738: 19734: 19724: 19689: 19685: 19675: 19648: 19642: 19625: 19621: 19614: 19573: 19569: 19559: 19526: 19522: 19512: 19487: 19483: 19473: 19460: 19427: 19423: 19413: 19401:. Retrieved 19392: 19382: 19374: 19368: 19363: 19346: 19340: 19315: 19311: 19305: 19278: 19272: 19260:. Retrieved 19227: 19223: 19213: 19205: 19200: 19188:. Retrieved 19186:(2): 367–390 19183: 19179: 19149: 19143: 19134: 19125: 19113:. 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As a 773: 736: 732: 633: 632: 600:Christianity 476: 465:Critique of 453: 447: 431:On Free Will 429: 422: 415: 408: 401: 394: 387: 336: 304:Institutions 235:Jean Vitrier 115:(1536-07-12) 113:12 July 1536 72: 56:The Reverend 48: 27287:1536 deaths 27226:Tomáš Halík 27150:Jean Vanier 27135:René Girard 27120:Alfred Delp 27085:Yves Congar 27080:Karl Rahner 27055:Dorothy Day 27040:Edith Stein 27010:Ronald Knox 26608:John Fisher 26603:Thomas More 26580:Reformation 26472:Duns Scotus 26467:Ramon Llull 26460:and reforms 26448:Roger Bacon 26413:Bonaventure 26323:Roscellinus 26112:Pelagianism 26083:Constantine 25906:Key figures 25813:Rationalism 25808:Renaissance 25740:Augustinian 25625:Disputation 25620:Differentia 25585:Actus purus 25489:Malebranche 25404:Bonaventure 25139:Personalism 25134:Natural law 25129:Probabilism 24993:Historicism 24822:(1835–1840) 24788:De Officiis 24512:de Beauvoir 24482:Baudrillard 24434:Vivekananda 24424:Tocqueville 24339:Kierkegaard 24155:Ibn Khaldun 24125:Alpharabius 24016:Personalism 23925:Stewardship 23882:Reification 23877:Natural law 23798:Familialism 23764:Culturalism 23486:Antony Flew 23471:Peter Geach 23404:René Guénon 23351:Lev Shestov 23346:Rudolf Otto 23053:of religion 22892:Panentheism 22825:Inclusivism 22744:Exclusivism 22739:Esotericism 22709:Creationism 22689:Agnosticism 22657:Poor design 22652:Omnipotence 22579:Natural law 22554:Ontological 22507:Contingency 22357:Holy Spirit 22199:Luther rose 22158:(2017 film) 22150:(2003 film) 22142:(1983 film) 22134:(1974 film) 22126:(1964 film) 22118:(1961 play) 22110:(1953 film) 22102:(1928 film) 22094:(1923 film) 22084:and theatre 21956:Georg Rörer 21933:Paul Luther 21762:Lutheranism 21757:Reformation 21299:(1517–1524) 21183:Catholicism 21106:Eamon Duffy 21026:Non-English 20783:Non-English 20566:in series, 20417:Biographies 20268:Irish Rover 20044:Papy, Jan. 19973:: 200–227. 19808:Rijksmuseum 19281:: 225–344. 19262:22 December 19152:: 483–504. 19067:Aquinas 101 19046:20 December 18430:(6): 1535. 18086:(1): 5–34. 17872:21 December 17410:Opera Omnia 16837:13 December 16729:10 November 16657:: 157–228. 15967:25 December 15927:16 December 15674:27 November 15638:Wikisources 15532:28 November 15516:Dart, Ron. 15474:: 181–200. 15374:: 316–348. 15226:: 492–506. 14963:19 December 14939:(2): 3–36. 14833:: 241–258. 14788:(1): 1–24. 13930:altbasel.ch 13506:: 179–208. 13361:21 December 13302:(1): 2–12. 13185:(1): 9–13. 13022:17 December 12720:: 445–464. 12469:26 November 11892:13 December 11642:: 244–272. 11501:Galli, Mark 11474:13 December 11341:13 December 11069:10 February 11005:(1): 7–25. 10530:Bonaventure 10465:Duns Scotus 10431:Reformation 10395:23 February 10274:John Wyclif 10266:Similar to 10252:philosophia 10240:philosophia 10158:, Erasmus, 10156:Enchiridion 10143:Jean Gerson 10119:pp. 402-404 9967:Machiavelli 9510:25 December 9478:: 110–133. 9412:blood libel 9155:: 163–251. 9036:: 479–713. 8926:Enchiridion 8824:1874/348917 8408:29 December 8357:Ciceronians 8258:: 567–628. 7780:Roterodamus 7714:Netherlands 7593:within the 7385:signet ring 7314:, Amsterdam 7312:Rijksmuseum 7294:Visitation 7192:W.S. Lily, 7076:Thomas More 7031:appeared." 6946:syllogistic 6942:dialectical 6893:, with the 6860:Enchiridion 6825:inverbation 6819:Inverbation 6797:Thomas More 6748:incarnation 6737:hermeneutic 6694:different." 6661:Enchiridion 6598:Scholastics 6559:Enchiridion 6465:(duality), 6418:Melanchthon 6391:(1523) see 6360:Epicureans. 6143:(left) and 6094:Franciscans 6087:Benedictine 6008:Enchiridion 5892:new edition 5505:Malebranche 5365:Roscellinus 5310:Grosseteste 5270:Bonaventure 5090:Athenagoras 4886:Metaphysics 4846:Personalism 4841:Natural law 4836:Probabilism 4693:Hellenistic 4684:during the 4650:anti-Judaic 4618:antisemitic 4578:Christendom 4390:Thomas More 4347:'s Greek.) 4169:John Fisher 3936:John Fisher 3932:Thomas More 3919:; in 1534, 3902:Clement VII 3881:from them. 3774:magnum opus 3663:Roman Curia 3652:Paraphrases 3642:Adnotations 3638:Annotations 3623:blackletter 3477:Thomas More 3373:Thomas More 3360:Thomas More 3263:Martin Dorp 3190:John Fisher 3048:) from the 2998:Clement VII 2977:Alberto Pío 2890:Thomas More 2876:Erasmus by 2862:Panegyricus 2838:Enchiridion 2818:Thomas Grey 2810:: Noël Béda 2794:Thomas Grey 2747:John Morton 2743:Jean Gerson 2739:Thomas More 2725:Scholastics 2676:John Fisher 2595:Thomas More 2562:Renaissance 2489:plague (to 2196:Strasbourg 1606:Walsingham 1388:Netherlands 1286:Clement VII 1072:canonry in 1070:Augustinian 1053:: Erasmus' 1049:run by the 959:Zevenbergen 881:middle-road 873:John Calvin 798:and of the 782:developing 765:vast number 761:philosopher 715:-ee-əs irr- 525:John Calvin 495:Thomas More 239:John Fisher 27271:Categories 27236:Scott Hahn 26613:Johann Eck 26265:Iconoclasm 26197:Pope Leo I 26057:Tertullian 25818:Empiricism 25640:Evil demon 25414:Chesterton 25291:Nominalism 25278:Universals 25119:Just price 24998:Humanities 24958:Agnotology 24617:Kołakowski 24180:Ibn Tufayl 24160:Maimonides 24104:Thucydides 24099:Tertullian 24054:Lactantius 23949:Volksgeist 23930:Traditions 23744:Convention 23456:J L Mackie 23414:Karl Barth 23211:David Hume 23133:Maimonides 23118:Heraclitus 22907:Polytheism 22877:Nondualism 22865:Humanistic 22850:Naturalism 22840:Monotheism 22798:Henotheism 22793:Gnosticism 22724:Demonology 22607:747 gambit 22524:Experience 22362:Misotheism 22037:Lutherhaus 21996:Pope Leo X 21928:(daughter) 21750:and events 21679:Table Talk 21304:Colloquies 20947:By Erasmus 20487:0413753301 20435:0802071775 20250:www.eur.nl 20214:www.eur.nl 20071:15 January 20066:www.rct.uk 19424:The Monist 19208:2000, 343. 18032:17 January 17843:2 December 17374:, Book I, 17280:24 October 16862:it.cgu.edu 16760:19 January 16430:24 October 16271:Reviewed: 15730:2 December 15103:(jg): 57. 15038:quoted in 15016:0754630196 14061:Dominicana 13477:10454/5003 13432:12 January 13144:3 December 12993:16 January 12427:30 October 12339:required.) 12119:2 December 11828:0750914068 10938:Huizinga, 10711:References 10256:Karl Barth 10248:christiana 10244:christiana 10203:Paraclesis 10113:25 October 10056:Tertullian 10026:Paraclesis 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Krop 922:Early life 749:theologian 488:Influenced 352:Patristics 231:John Colet 204:Influences 157:Charles V. 145:pacificism 43:See also: 37:See also: 27140:Hans Küng 26929:Léon Bloy 26919:Modernism 26772:Jansenism 26458:Mysticism 26052:Montanism 25783:Platonism 25757:Univocity 25655:Haecceity 25534:Ratzinger 25499:Montaigne 25479:MacIntyre 25434:Dionysius 25429:Descartes 25389:Augustine 25243:Salamanca 25038:Sociology 24988:Historism 24697:Santayana 24667:Oakeshott 24637:MacIntyre 24622:Kropotkin 24597:Heidegger 24450:centuries 24364:Nietzsche 24329:Jefferson 24314:Helvétius 24279:Condorcet 24242:centuries 24226:Montaigne 24049:Confucius 24039:Augustine 23956:Worldview 23850:Modernity 23823:Formation 23556:Loyal Rue 23281:Karl Marx 23103:Gaudapada 22932:Shamanism 22897:Pantheism 22882:Nontheism 22860:Religious 22845:Mysticism 22818:Christian 22808:Religious 22759:Atheistic 22754:Christian 22637:Nonbelief 22622:Free will 22438:Mormonism 22262:Afterlife 21912:(parents) 21829:Sola fide 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Wiley. 20395:1874-9275 20291:1 October 20157:1 October 20097:"Erasmus" 20029:9 January 20003:192267401 19987:0075-4390 19943:9 January 19863:2212-8956 19747:0315-162X 19590:0034-4338 19535:0007-5140 19496:0007-5140 19444:0026-9662 19393:issuu.com 19332:191473158 19244:1871-241X 18835:: 21–53. 18743:171963677 18688:0143-781X 18553:0013-2586 18436:0017-8322 18401:Erasmus, 18244:241298542 18063:25 August 18014:0022-5037 17959:: 44–52. 17789:11 August 17741:243905013 17676:182939353 17597:: 45–67. 17507:1523-5734 17393:See also 17039:162208956 17023:0009-6407 16968:170458328 16952:0009-6407 16626:241298542 16585:170334683 16544:cite book 16534:1 January 16449:: 50–70. 16420:164160751 16404:0034-4338 16252:200062225 16114:(3): 385. 16017:(1): 12. 15917:The Kabod 15632:Erasmus. 15607:143485311 15502:Erasmus, 15451:: 77–96. 15421:0333-9068 15415:: 85–93. 15334:0039-3495 15280:144925414 15191:163790714 15117:171005154 15066:171963677 14945:0032-2970 14855:166213471 14569:4 January 14491:0018-2176 14420:240920541 14339:240975375 14293:240975375 14149:0003-049X 13984:171933331 13940:8 January 13792:0043-0439 13726:31 August 13716:166057335 13700:0361-0160 13316:0028-2030 13056:7 January 12877:1513-1542 12833:239956783 12683:"Erasmus" 12669:248601520 12609:0013-8266 12545:0047-8105 12502:0009-8353 12409:0018-2648 12272:240246657 12264:1874-9275 12015:165911603 11995:Quaerendo 11648:0044-8745 11615:5 January 11585:163219853 11323:0027-4631 11276:0363-3276 11011:0006-1999 10907:203519815 10641:Galatians 10581:171469828 10451:171463846 10352:analogous 10308:ad-fontes 10220:11 August 10185:171469828 10095:0022-5037 9911:Epicurean 9907:Aristotle 9542:reformers 9492:0081-8658 9380:scelerato 9363:conversos 9347:conversos 9309:0007-5140 9274:(3): 377. 9243:pp. 97,98 9196:Charles V 9161:0066-6785 9060:198585078 8934:conversos 8922:conversos 8855:Erasmus, 8785:leitmotiv 8722:0028-4289 8662:(1): 30. 8424:Andrelini 8394:"Erasmus" 8353:Sepúlveda 8314:10443/596 8264:0004-8003 8112:Quaerendo 7933:Victorine 7927:Augustine 7707:Cambridge 7629:Knowledge 7580:Name used 7564:Ken Bones 7540:In 1622, 7520:engraving 7478:, Germany 7476:Nuremberg 7436:He chose 7393:carnelian 7304:St Jerome 7036:Erasmus, 6775:chameleon 6699:Erasmus, 6677:Erasmus, 6594:Aristotle 6555:Symposium 6506:Cartesian 6491:Isocratic 6483:Epicurean 6479:adiaphora 6463:Platonist 6457:Classical 6293:Assertion 6267:monergism 6263:synergism 6181:purpose. 6118:95 Theses 5983:Erasmus, 5876:Eucharist 5848:(writing 5705:MacIntyre 5665:Gutiérrez 5635:Copleston 5605:Balthasar 5460:Descartes 5320:Hildegard 5305:Gregory I 5280:Catherine 5230:Alexander 5180:Dionysius 5100:Augustine 5053:Salamanca 4927:Haecceity 4831:Casuistry 4572:Outsiders 4562:Donatists 4558:Augustine 4532:Erasmus' 4492:Erasmus, 4466:ecumenism 4442:adiaphora 4331:included 4253:Irenicism 4205:conversos 4068:Lieve God 4048:dysentery 3994:Edward VI 3934:, Bishop 3912:retired. 3910:Campeggio 3685:matter). 3602:(Eramus' 3547:Opponents 3437:'s will. 3408:Charles V 3375:'s wrote 3318:Charles V 3292:Opponents 3226:Jan Łaski 3035:philology 2994:Adrian VI 2981:Sepúlveda 2973:Opponents 2936:Bombasius 2854:panegyric 2808:Opponents 2723:than the 2348:Konstanz 1758:Deventer 1329:Ordained? 1260:In 1505, 1228:Jan Łaski 928:Rotterdam 877:monergism 865:synergism 455:ad fontes 452:Biblical 342:Philology 173:Education 98:Rotterdam 26672:Molinism 26250:Ecthesis 26202:Boethius 26107:Arianism 26097:Eusebius 26047:Irenaeus 26011:Polycarp 25925:Timeline 25745:Irenaean 25735:Theodicy 25705:Quiddity 25568:Concepts 25494:Maritain 25464:Krasicki 25454:Gassendi 25444:Eriugena 25399:Boethius 25374:Anscombe 25364:Albertus 25258:Molinism 25225:Occamism 25197:Medieval 25124:Just war 25051:Category 24963:Axiology 24951:See also 24742:Voegelin 24732:Spengler 24707:Shariati 24662:Nussbaum 24647:Maritain 24607:Irigaray 24587:Habermas 24552:Foucault 24537:Durkheim 24439:Voltaire 24404:de Staël 24379:Rousseau 24304:Franklin 24165:Muhammad 24150:Gelasius 24135:Avempace 24118:Medieval 24094:Polybius 24089:Plutarch 23855:Morality 23830:Ideology 23818:Identity 23727:Concepts 23678:Category 23623:Religion 23613:Exegesis 23098:Boethius 23093:Averroes 23088:Avicenna 23070:medieval 23040:Theodicy 22887:Pandeism 22803:Humanism 22771:Thealogy 22714:Dharmism 22684:Acosmism 22676:Theology 22544:Morality 22539:Miracles 22418:Hinduism 22408:Buddhism 22367:Pandeism 22342:Demiurge 22310:Theodicy 21847:Beerwolf 21736:" (1543) 21729:" (1529) 21429:Category 21083:LibriVox 20586:(1897). 20534:(1994). 20520:(1894). 20498:(1899). 20232:ejpe.org 20132:25 April 19790:12923286 19606:11620600 19543:44443063 19504:44447526 19466:New York 19452:27900019 19397:Archived 19256:Archived 19252:26382868 19190:23 March 19115:25 April 19109:Archived 19077:23 April 19071:Archived 19037:Archived 18810:Archived 18700:Archived 18696:44797141 18158:5 August 18149:Archived 18057:Archived 18026:Archived 17933:21 April 17927:Archived 17866:Archived 17837:Archived 17783:Archived 17704:8 August 17537:Archived 17517:6 August 17511:Archived 17234:30 April 17228:Archived 17082:Archived 17043:Archived 16828:Archived 16754:Archived 16723:Archived 16528:Archived 16424:Archived 16324:Archived 16276:Archived 16256:Archived 16202:Archived 16141:27 April 16135:Archived 16027:Archived 16023:24329313 15961:Archived 15879:4 August 15839:Archived 15835:23654400 15788:Archived 15642:Archived 15611:Archived 15557:Archived 15526:Archived 15429:23529114 15346:Archived 15342:30094064 15070:Archived 14957:Archived 14953:25776600 14906:Archived 14762:30 April 14756:Archived 14684:Archived 14680:JHI Blog 14654:Archived 14563:Archived 14503:Archived 14240:Archived 14217:Archived 14103:Archived 14069:Archived 13934:Archived 13866:Archived 13800:24530877 13752:30 April 13746:Archived 13720:Archived 13559:4 August 13462:(2): 5. 13426:Archived 13328:Archived 13324:24009249 13236:Archived 13211:33487740 13138:Archived 13081:Archived 13050:Archived 13016:Archived 12987:Archived 12983:St.Pauls 12932:Archived 12900:(1911). 12697:22 April 12691:Archived 12621:Archived 12463:Archived 12421:Archived 12417:24413851 12282:9 August 12276:Archived 12212:Archived 12113:Archived 12109:ccel.org 12058:Archived 11886:Archived 11856:Archived 11802:7 August 11796:Archived 11656:48564991 11609:Archived 11468:Archived 11420:Archived 11365:Archived 11335:Archived 11284:40256471 11218:Archived 11063:Archived 11023:Archived 11019:20675524 10831:: 1–38. 10778:Archived 10760:Archived 10735:Archived 10386:Archived 10348:exegesis 10344:allegory 10211:Archived 10107:Archived 10043:Petrarch 9916:ataraxia 9826:Archived 9782:Archived 9711:Aleander 9504:Archived 9351:Judaizer 9329:Archived 9317:44447526 9173:Archived 9169:23563707 8998:Archived 8930:converso 8900:Archived 8898:. AICE. 8869:op. cit. 8833:31540853 8773:(1972) 8730:43250928 8402:Archived 8378:guilders 8272:44992025 8141:Archived 8097:Epistles 7884:(2003). 7822:Archived 7797:Painter 7766:was his 7726:Brooklyn 7638:in 1988. 7631:in 2015. 7609:Erasmus+ 7525:encomium 7416:Terminus 7401:Dionysus 7381:Terminus 7353:cacullae 7338:sarotium 7286:Clothing 7276:syphilis 7239:Personal 7211:— 7190:— 7084:De copia 7034:— 6996:— 6966:— 6901:and the 6875:— 6760:John 1:1 6697:— 6675:— 6611:— 6585:— 6542:— 6529:apatheia 6520:— 6487:ataraxia 6363:— 6322:, Book I 6317:— 6298:— 6278:(1525). 6239:campaign 6212:— 6029:— 5981:— 5720:Maritain 5695:Lonergan 5675:Guardini 5600:Anscombe 5575:Caramuel 5485:Krasicki 5480:Kołłątaj 5435:Brentano 5295:Eriugena 5260:Berengar 5208:Medieval 5160:Climacus 5140:Irenaeus 5110:Boethius 5105:Benedict 5048:Analytic 5016:Occamism 5006:Molinism 4984:Llullism 4913:Quiddity 4821:Just war 4749:a series 4747:Part of 4652:but not 4544:— 4490:— 4437:Sceptics 4406:Guelders 4290:— 4287:enemies. 4245:Pacifist 4236:— 4215:Pacifism 4127:pastoral 3863:Cisneros 3855:converso 3702:Sorbonne 3427:Cisneros 3334:en route 3330:literary 3235:) and a 3179:De copia 3022:en route 3006:James IV 3004:, King 3002:Paul III 2988:: Popes 2924:Aleander 2884:, Paris. 2856:for the 2531:Freiburg 2201:Bologna 2016:Orléans 2011:Louvain 1932:Cambrai 1897:St Omer 1785:Woerden 1706:Reading 1430:Freiburg 1309:Orphaned 1246:ordained 1092:Bust by 998:Deventer 915:Freiburg 806:and the 757:satirist 616:Ordained 596:Religion 254:Socrates 77:(1523), 26593:Erasmus 26443:Thomism 26182:Orosius 26157:Ambrose 26072:Cyprian 26000:Didache 25954:Vulgate 25913:General 25771:Related 25559:Wojtyła 25539:Scheler 25484:Maistre 25474:Lombard 25459:Isidore 25439:Erasmus 25419:Clement 25384:Aquinas 25354:Abelard 25220:Scotism 25215:Thomism 25189:Schools 24792:(44 BC) 24722:Sombart 24717:Skinner 24702:Scruton 24682:Polanyi 24657:Niebuhr 24642:Marcuse 24577:Gramsci 24572:Gentile 24532:Du Bois 24522:Deleuze 24492:Benoist 24462:Agamben 24419:Thoreau 24409:Stirner 24399:Spencer 24349:Le Play 24299:Fourier 24284:Emerson 24269:Carlyle 24254:Bentham 24231:Müntzer 24201:Erasmus 24175:Plethon 24170:Photios 24130:Aquinas 24064:Mencius 24032:Ancient 23965:Schools 23845:Loyalty 23803:History 23791:Counter 23786:Culture 23754:Customs 23649:more... 23382:postwar 23065:Ancient 22953:more... 22872:New Age 22813:Secular 22783:Fideism 22734:Dualism 22704:Atheism 22694:Animism 22600:Against 22443:Sikhism 22433:Judaism 22428:Jainism 22337:Brahman 22290:Miracle 22192:Related 22184:, Worms 21951:Erasmus 21145:Portals 21055:in the 21045:in the 21018:at the 20920:Erasmus 20892:1262226 20791:(1937) 20606:Erasmus 20588:Erasmus 20400:19 July 20106:7 March 19876:Kostuum 19755:3550075 19716:1877862 19707:1004472 19598:2860126 19551:6365217 19403:17 July 18997:2 March 18816:3 March 18706:3 March 18618:4173446 18583:Moreana 18561:3031577 18176:”, in: 18121:26 July 18022:2707442 17902:19 July 17898:(5): 48 17395:Erasmus 17197:Moreana 17088:21 June 17031:3162926 16960:3163951 16487:. 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