650:
example, in a textbook on NLP from IIT Kanpur. The salient features of this transliteration scheme are: Every consonant and every vowel has a single mapping into Roman. Hence it is a prefix code, advantageous from a computation point of view. Typically the small case letters are used for un-aspirated consonants and short vowels while the capital case letters are used for aspirated consonants and long vowels. While the retroflexed voiceless and voiced consonants are mapped to 't, T, d and D', the dentals are mapped to 'w, W, x and X'. Hence the name of the scheme "WX", referring to the idiosyncratic mapping. Ubuntu Linux provides a keyboard support for WX notation.
3428:, many workarounds were used to display Devanagari on the Internet, and many sites and services have continued using them despite widespread availability of Unicode fonts supporting Devanagari. Although there are several transliteration conventions on transliterating Hindi to Roman, most of these are reliant on diacritics. As most Indians are familiar with the Roman script through the English language (which traditionally does not use diacritics), these transliteration systems are much less widely known. Most such "Romanagari" is transliterated arbitrarily to imitate English spelling, and thus results in numerous inconsistencies.
127:
25:
4209:. Akshara Mukha is an Asian script (two way) converter, freeware. It supports 5 major Latin transliteration conventions such as IAST, ISO, Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS & Velthuis. It can inter-convert, for example from Velthuis to ISO. It also converts between 20 different South Asian & East Asian scripts. You can access the project from
3486:. Due to the remarkable proliferation of different varieties of Brahmi in the Middle Ages, there is today no single script used for writing Sanskrit; rather, Sanskrit scholars can write the language in a form of whatever script is used to write their local language. However, since the late Middle Ages, there has been a tendency to use
4213:. While using the tool, 'source' can be set to for example: ITRANS or Harvard-Kyoto, and 'target' can be set to a particular script like Devanagari-Hindi. (When you are using a north Indian script, tick the box: Remove 'a'). It can work in reverse too, for example from Hindi to Latin by ISO transliteration.
703:, Vedatype and the 7-bit ISO 15919. WX notation is a transliteration scheme for representing Indian languages in ASCII. It originated at IIT Kanpur for computational processing of Indian languages and is widely used among the natural language processing (NLP) community in India. This scheme is described in
668:
which was developed by Peter Scharf and (the late) Malcolm Hyman, who first described it in appendix B of their book
Linguistic Issues in Encoding Sanskrit. The advantage of SLP1 over other encodings is that a single ASCII character is used for each Devanagari letter, a peculiarity that eases reverse
649:
WX notation is a transliteration scheme for representing Indian languages in ASCII. This scheme originated at IIT Kanpur for computational processing of Indian languages, and is widely used among the natural language processing (NLP) community in India. The notation (though unidentified) is used, for
243:
to disambiguate phonetically similar but not identical
Sanskrit glyphs. For example, dental and retroflex consonants are disambiguated with an underdot: dental द=d and retroflex ड=ḍ. An important feature of IAST is that it is losslessly reversible, i.e., IAST transliteration may be converted back to
3420:
As
English is widely used a professional and higher-education language in India, availability of Devanagari keyboards is dwarfed by English keyboards. Similarly, software and user interfaces released and promoted in India are in English, as is much of the computer education available there. Due to
281:
transliteration, and it came to prevail and gain government and academic acceptance. Opponents of the grapheme transliteration model continued to mount unsuccessful attempts at reversing government policy until the turn of the century, with one critic calling appealing to "the Indian
Government to
3885:... In the late 19th century sources, the system marks long vowels with an acute accent, and renders the letters k and q both as k. However, when the system was again published in 1954, alterations had been made. Long vowels were now marked with a macron4 and the q-k distinction was maintained ...
512:
convention not just for
Devanagari, but for all South-Asian languages was codified in the ISO 15919 standard of 2001, providing the basis for modern digital libraries that conform to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) norms. ISO 15919 defines the common Unicode basis for Roman
516:
ISO 15919 transliterations are platform-independent texts so that they can be used identically on all modern operating systems and software packages, as long as they comply with ISO norms. This is a prerequisite for all modern platforms so that ISO 15919 has become the new standard for digital
3360:
make a distinction between the retroflex and dental forms of the dental consonants. In formal transliteration schemes, the standard Roman letters are used to indicate the dental form, and the retroflex form is indicated by special marks, or the use of other letters. E.g., in
277:) of phonetic transcription, which climaxed in a dramatic showdown in an India Council meeting on 28 May 1872 where the new Hunterian method carried the day. The Hunterian method was inherently simpler and extensible to several Indic scripts because it systematised
3368:
In most informal transcriptions the distinction between retroflex and dental consonants is not indicated. However, many capitalise retroflex consonants on QWERTY keyboard in informal messaging. That generally obviates the need for transliteration.
3854:... The Hunterian system has rules for transliteration into English the names form Hindi, Urdu, Arabic, Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan origin. These rules are described in Chapter VI, Survey of India, Handbook of Topographical Mapping ...
354:. The Hunterian system has faced criticism over the years for not producing phonetically accurate results and being "unashamedly geared towards an English-language receiver audience." Specifically, the lack of differentiation between
3470:, were not well-adapted to writing Sanskrit. However, later descendants of Brahmi were modified so that they could record Sanskrit in exacting phonetic detail. The earliest physical text in Sanskrit is a rock inscription by the
273:, then Surveyor General of India. When it was proposed, it immediately met with opposition from supporters of the earlier practiced non-systematic and often distorting "Sir Roger Dowler method" (an early corruption of
4193:. Maintained by the 'Indian language technology proliferation and deployment centre' (ILTP-DC) of the government of India. Works with 7 systems: Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS, Velthuis, SLP, WX-system and IAST, Devanagari.
4020:... ISO 15919 ... There is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products ... The Hunterian system is the actually used national system of romanization in India ...
3707:... ISO 15919 ... There is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products ... The Hunterian system is the actually used national system of romanization in India ...
3636:... With the passage of time, there has emerged a practically uniform system of transliteration of Devanagari and allied alphabets. Nevertheless, no single system of Romanization has yet developed ...
3458:
Early
Sanskrit texts were originally transmitted by memorisation and repetition. Post-Harappan India had no system for writing Indic languages until the creation (in the 4th-3rd centuries BCE) of the
3305:, that must be explicitly represented with an "a" character in the transliteration. Many words and names transliterated from Devanāgarī end with "a", to indicate the pronunciation in the original
3438:
on most modern operating systems. There are many online services available that transliterate text written in Roman to
Devanagari accurately, using Hindi dictionaries for reference, such as
683:
Hinglish refers to the non-standardised
Romanised Hindi used online, and especially on social media. In India, Romanised Hindi is the dominant form of expression online. In an analysis of
3800:... the Indian Government to give up the whole attempt at scientific (i.e. Hunterian) transliteration, and decide once and for all in favour of a return to the old phonetic spelling ...
543:(UNRSGN), was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and covers many Brahmic scripts. There are some differences between ISO 15919 and UNRSGN.
631:
schemes is case-sensitivity, implying that transliterated names may not be capitalised. This difficulty is avoided with the system developed in 1996 by Frans
Velthuis for
540:
714:(Appendix B). It is similar to, but not as versatile as, SLP1, as far as the coverage of Vedic Sanskrit is concerned. Comparison of WX with other schemes is found in
3779:... phonetic or 'Sir Roger Dowler method' ... The Secretary of State and the great majority of his counselors gave an unqualified support to the Hunterian system ...
3907:... Suggested by . Mr. GS Oberoi, Director, Survey of India, in lieu of the existing table 'Hunterian System of Transliteration' which does not distinguish between
3271:
Vowel nasalisation is transliterated as a tilde above the transliterated vowel (over the second vowel in the case of a digraph such as aĩ, aũ), except in
Sanskrit.
3348:
Because of this, some words ending in consonant clusters are altered in various modern Indic languages as such: Mantra=mantar. Shabda=shabad. Sushumna=sushumana.
3431:
It is also detrimental to search engines, which do not classify Hindi text in the Roman script as Hindi. The same text may also not be classified as English.
3729:... In India the Hunterian system is used, whereby every sound in the local language is uniformly represented by a certain letter in the Roman alphabet ...
282:
give up the whole attempt at scientific (i.e. Hunterian) transliteration, and decide once and for all in favour of a return to the old phonetic spelling."
608:. The user inputs in Roman letters and the ITRANS preprocessor converts the Roman letters into Devanāgarī (or other Indic scripts). The latest version of
378:) has come in for repeated criticism and inspired several proposed modifications of Hunterian, including using a diacritic below retroflexes (e.g. making
3518:
in 1816 used a romanisation scheme, alongside Devanagari, differing from IAST in expressing vowel length by a circumflex (â, î, û), and aspiration by a
6198:
4365:
216:
730:
includes a so-called "limited character set" option to replace the diacritics by prefixes, so that it is ASCII-compatible. A pictorial explanation is
7369:
6853:
6815:
6795:
6574:
3329:
and others. This results in differing transliterations for Sanskrit and schwa-deleting languages that retain or eliminate the schwa as appropriate:
7799:
7789:
7364:
7779:
7769:
7359:
7354:
7349:
3822:... There does exist a system df transcribing Burmese words in roman letters, one that is called the 'Government', or the 'Hunterian' method ...
6428:
4411:
4001:
3687:
9495:
7784:
4062:
Working group on Romanization systems. United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names UNGEGN. www.eki.ee/wgrs/ .Eesti Keele Instituut
5225:
5155:
5027:
4993:
4787:
4765:
4253:
6928:
6478:
578:. The use of capital letters makes typing in Harvard-Kyoto much easier than in IAST but produces words with capital letters inside them.
89:
42:
3450:
editors, which are traditionally used to input text in languages that use complex characters, most notably those that use logographies.
61:
9527:
707:
731:
6493:
6483:
6473:
6461:
4375:
3561:
735:
443:
437:
244:
correct Devanāgarī or to other South Asian scripts without ambiguity. Many Unicode fonts fully support IAST display and printing.
68:
5632:
5530:
5517:
5370:
5266:
5250:
5235:
5179:
5119:
4911:
4725:
4719:
4713:
4634:
4545:
4539:
4447:
3973:
723:
6526:
6191:
5816:
4735:
3310:
1439:
294:
8717:
4083:
10597:
6846:
6567:
4153:
4013:
3846:
3699:
3202:
ISO 15919 has two options about anusvāra. (1) In the simplified nasalisation option, an anusvāra is always transliterated as
9166:
75:
6055:
715:
8603:
6915:
6050:
3551:
retains Devanagari alongside romanised Sanskrit). Contemporary Western editions of Sanskrit texts appear mostly in IAST.
3443:
7139:
4002:
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2007),
3688:
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2007),
1444:(/Ə/). In all of the transliteration systems, that /Ə/ must be represented explicitly using an 'a' or any equivalent of
6045:
719:
57:
10704:
10365:
10351:
10321:
9460:
6293:
6184:
3524:(e.g. bʽ for IAST bh). The sibilants IAST ṣ and ś he expressed with spiritus asper and lenis, respectively (sʽ, sʼ).
3435:
140:
108:
6488:
10709:
10583:
9300:
8697:
6839:
6560:
4246:
7144:
418:, which requires no diacritic printing but is less readable because it mixes small and capital letters in words).
9023:
8284:
6093:
6070:
3394:
3206:. (2) In the strict nasalization option, anusvāra before a class consonant is transliterated as the class nasal—
687:
comments, Palakodety et al., identified that 52% of comments were in Romanised Hindi, 46% in English, and 1% in
10590:
9156:
8795:
6810:
6160:
466:(e and o are used for the short vowels present in many Indian languages), the use of 'ḷ' for the consonant (in
46:
9265:
8790:
7848:
6423:
3514:
From its beginnings, Western Sanskrit philology also felt the need for a romanised spelling of the language.
528:
graphemes to the Latin script. The Devanagari-specific portion is nearly identical to the academic standard,
8127:
3773:
Life of Sir William Wilson Hunter, K.C.S.I., M.A., LL.D., a vice-president of the Royal Asiatic society, etc
10576:
10555:
7843:
7618:
7134:
6910:
6408:
6165:
10456:
10435:
9115:
9110:
8805:
8707:
7229:
6920:
6614:
6521:
6247:
4239:
5769:
82:
10523:
9120:
8687:
8100:
7161:
6252:
6155:
6065:
5809:
5647:
7853:
7171:
8773:
8495:
8048:
7635:
6697:
6541:
6231:
4370:
3596:
259:
253:
3493:
Western scholars in the 19th century adopted Devanagari for printed editions of Sanskrit texts. The
325:). The system has undergone some evolution over time. For instance, long vowels were marked with an
10273:
10259:
9564:
8147:
7950:
7166:
6278:
5873:
332:
in the original version, but this was later replaced in the 1954 Government of India update with a
9878:
7294:
3819:, Oriental Institute in Academia, Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1966,
3751:... The Hunterian system of transliteration, which has international acceptance, has been used ...
10562:
9590:
8547:
8224:
8203:
8083:
8063:
7895:
7566:
7470:
6947:
6905:
6862:
6805:
6662:
6109:
35:
3421:
low awareness of Devanagari keyboard layouts, many Indian users type Hindi in the Roman script.
9280:
8219:
8209:
8142:
7652:
7085:
6773:
6438:
6413:
6310:
6114:
5981:
5958:
5910:
4037:
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names UNGEGN, www.eki.ee .Eesti Keele Instituut
3507:
was in Devanagari. Müller's London typesetters competed with their Petersburg peers working on
3467:
3439:
3382:
3340:
Some words may keep the final a, generally because they would be difficult to say without it:
10664:
10569:
10358:
10307:
9767:
9689:
9453:
9392:
9377:
8946:
8825:
8567:
8527:
8259:
7935:
7119:
7107:
7080:
7065:
6677:
6140:
6077:
5802:
5657:
3955:
270:
9372:
8577:
6790:
6135:
4120:
398:, which is more readable but requires diacritic printing) or capitalising them (e.g. making
285:
Over time, the Hunterian method extended in reach to cover several Indic scripts, including
10428:
10179:
9856:
9352:
9007:
8971:
8376:
8299:
8132:
7880:
7870:
7709:
7692:
7008:
6008:
5976:
5888:
5858:
5378:
3767:
3412:
The aspiration is generally indicated in both formal and informal transliteration systems.
3314:
160:
4102:
704:
8:
10714:
9255:
9151:
8873:
8396:
7102:
6433:
6400:
5933:
5893:
5868:
5841:
5779:
5676:
5652:
3989:
2983:
355:
263:
7418:
3719:
746:
The following is a comparison of the major transliteration methods used for Devanāgarī.
262:
is the "national system of romanisation in India" and the one officially adopted by the
10414:
10391:
10025:
9914:
9904:
9796:
9739:
9725:
9682:
9387:
9270:
9105:
8997:
8956:
8910:
8905:
8800:
8782:
8450:
8381:
8346:
8294:
8107:
8095:
7506:
7428:
7329:
6884:
6764:
6647:
6639:
6604:
6536:
6531:
6418:
5836:
5667:
4427:
4190:
4186:
4159:
3670:
3471:
3463:
3357:
525:
333:
184:
9647:
9305:
3970:
10537:
10530:
10266:
10252:
10164:
10053:
9963:
9942:
9921:
9849:
9781:
9640:
9598:
9550:
9285:
9275:
8920:
8915:
8820:
8815:
8722:
8677:
8500:
8480:
8470:
8460:
8455:
8391:
8386:
8314:
8249:
8234:
8184:
8179:
8122:
8058:
8016:
7858:
7744:
7667:
7183:
7178:
7055:
6599:
6298:
6037:
5938:
5928:
5784:
5638:
4319:
4163:
4149:
4009:
3842:
3695:
3662:
3378:
3231:
3036:
To distinguish between long and short 'o' in Dravidian languages, 'o' now represents
4202:
3508:
10671:
10609:
10502:
10463:
10449:
10407:
10282:
10228:
10209:
10143:
10135:
10121:
10114:
10039:
9835:
9810:
9746:
9718:
9633:
9619:
9536:
9509:
9446:
9357:
9260:
9082:
8925:
8552:
8532:
8522:
8517:
8401:
8157:
8090:
8078:
8043:
8038:
8021:
7960:
7925:
7885:
7687:
7682:
7630:
7581:
7465:
7399:
7339:
7289:
7234:
7151:
7129:
7114:
7060:
7050:
6984:
6692:
6687:
6672:
6634:
6583:
6516:
6511:
6315:
6283:
6130:
6060:
5971:
5923:
5883:
5851:
5662:
4314:
4304:
4182:
4141:
4087:
3723:
United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Far East, Volume 2
3536:
3532:
3401:
in "spit" with no release of air.) Similarly "th" is an aspirated "t", neither the
3326:
3322:
359:
176:
10509:
9704:
9330:
8981:
8351:
6443:
3531:
From the late 19th century, Western interest in typesetting Devanagari decreased.
3257:
3245:
3188:
3162:
3130:
3104:
3072:
3049:
3043:
3022:
2999:
2993:
2968:
10495:
10187:
10128:
10074:
10067:
10046:
10032:
10016:
9994:
9949:
9842:
9817:
9789:
9774:
9697:
9675:
9668:
9626:
9586:
9557:
9245:
9215:
9038:
8961:
8727:
8657:
8562:
8510:
8490:
8426:
8416:
8406:
8371:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8239:
8194:
8189:
8073:
8068:
7915:
7905:
7759:
7724:
7719:
7699:
7593:
7551:
7491:
7374:
7344:
7254:
7214:
7156:
7090:
7070:
7018:
7001:
6989:
6759:
6733:
6702:
6682:
6594:
6373:
6368:
6000:
5966:
5943:
4324:
4309:
4278:
4133:
4003:
3977:
3899:
3836:
3814:
3792:
3771:
3743:
3721:
3689:
3628:
3525:
3495:
2783:
2629:
1454:
1435:
757:
711:
575:
509:
274:
188:
180:
134:
8692:
7875:
4210:
4185:
of Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS, Velthuis, SLP, WX-system and IAST, Devanagari used by
4145:
10632:
10516:
10400:
10380:
10289:
10157:
10088:
9987:
9935:
9928:
9760:
9753:
9732:
9711:
9612:
9605:
9412:
9367:
9295:
9290:
9141:
9125:
9100:
9043:
9033:
9028:
8868:
8742:
8702:
8672:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8582:
8557:
8505:
8445:
8411:
8361:
8309:
8274:
8229:
8199:
8152:
8112:
8011:
7965:
7920:
7838:
7774:
7729:
7714:
7677:
7657:
7625:
7613:
7561:
7556:
7546:
7536:
7531:
7448:
7433:
7423:
7389:
7379:
7324:
7309:
7274:
7124:
7028:
6976:
6866:
6800:
6769:
6754:
6708:
6657:
6609:
6303:
6288:
6273:
6145:
5846:
4283:
3745:
Indian scientific & technical publications, exhibition 1960: a bibliography
3573:
3520:
447:
290:
286:
192:
8842:
3748:, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Government of India, 1960,
3630:
Transliteration into Roman and Devanāgarī of the languages of the Indian group
3599:, the government-approved standard for transliterating Standard Hindi in India
664:
SLP1 (Sanskrit Library Phonetic) is a case-sensitive scheme initially used by
10698:
10639:
10488:
10421:
10344:
10314:
10172:
10150:
10081:
9977:
9956:
9803:
9661:
9579:
9572:
9543:
9502:
9417:
9407:
9402:
9189:
8883:
8542:
8485:
8137:
7910:
7794:
7749:
7704:
7672:
7521:
7438:
7411:
7384:
7314:
7299:
7284:
7239:
6996:
6667:
6652:
6378:
6356:
6334:
6221:
6018:
5878:
4385:
4329:
3666:
3060:(long) is acceptable for languages that do not distinguish long and short o.
3010:(long) is acceptable for languages that do not distinguish long and short e.
2639:
1472:
775:
605:
597:
567:
557:
513:
transliteration of South-Asian texts in a wide variety of languages/scripts.
7458:
4206:
3504:
722:. An online transcoding utility across all these schemes is provided at the
10095:
10060:
10001:
9488:
9250:
9146:
9059:
8951:
8852:
8662:
8475:
8440:
8421:
8356:
8244:
8006:
7930:
7739:
7734:
7645:
7640:
7576:
7516:
7496:
7453:
7443:
7394:
7279:
7259:
7249:
7097:
7075:
7033:
6831:
6150:
6013:
5774:
5578:
5572:
5561:
5546:
5451:
5437:
4132:
Palakodety, Shriphani; KhudaBukhsh, Ashiqur R.; Jayachandran, Guha (2021),
3528:
in his 1899 dictionary used ć, ṡ and sh for IAST c, ś and ṣ, respectively.
3447:
326:
196:
156:
8304:
3264:
3195:
3169:
3137:
3111:
3079:
3029:
2975:
2937:
The table below shows just the differences between ISO 15919 and IAST for
10678:
10442:
10373:
9654:
9345:
9205:
8966:
8810:
8667:
8572:
8341:
8269:
8254:
8162:
7955:
7865:
7764:
7754:
7608:
7571:
7526:
7511:
7486:
7406:
7334:
7319:
7023:
6820:
6738:
6619:
6383:
6351:
6257:
5918:
5392:
4405:
3389:
in "pit" (with a small puff of air released as it is said), never as the
2798:
2659:
1492:
795:
700:
644:
164:
4084:"The Sanskrit Library » Tools » Indic Script Comparison Table"
4005:
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
3691:
Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names
3674:
3650:
232:
9335:
9310:
8878:
8321:
7811:
7806:
7662:
7603:
7244:
6728:
6346:
6226:
5986:
5863:
5759:
5751:
5743:
5735:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5703:
5695:
5687:
5405:
4929:
4895:
4809:
4262:
4226:
3607:
3515:
3487:
3475:
2938:
688:
152:
10646:
10625:
10618:
9397:
9234:
8930:
8897:
8732:
8623:
8172:
7900:
7816:
7541:
5948:
5387:
4745:
4380:
4057:
3870:
3565:
3535:
published his 1877 edition of the Rigveda in romanised Sanskrit, and
3511:'s and Roth's dictionary in cutting all the required ligature types.
3459:
2788:
2634:
1464:
767:
727:
571:
521:
503:
329:
240:
220:
9340:
574:
marks that IAST contains. Instead of diacritics, Harvard-Kyoto uses
24:
9362:
9325:
9320:
9200:
9161:
9002:
8761:
8646:
8537:
8279:
8167:
8117:
7988:
7501:
7304:
7264:
7045:
7038:
6889:
6207:
6023:
5462:
5414:
4395:
4344:
3602:
3590:
3587:, a transliteration scheme used in Phonetic Devanagari typing tools
3479:
3306:
3285:
Used in Vedic Sanskrit only and not found in the Classical variant
2649:
1482:
785:
678:
622:
278:
224:
144:
9382:
517:
libraries and archives for transliterating all South Asian texts.
147:, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.
9469:
8976:
8847:
8737:
8712:
8598:
8435:
8289:
8264:
8033:
7940:
7588:
7202:
7013:
6724:
5422:
4339:
4273:
4191:
Sanskrit transliteration tool. Convert from one scheme to another
4131:
3959:
3720:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (1955),
3500:
3483:
3425:
684:
467:
228:
3897:
3434:
Regardless of the physical keyboard's layout, it is possible to
3301:
Devanāgarī consonants include an "inherent a" sound, called the
269:
The Hunterian system was developed in the nineteenth century by
10470:
8214:
8026:
7945:
7890:
7598:
7269:
5996:
5491:
4390:
3584:
2793:
2644:
1477:
780:
609:
601:
593:
587:
533:
532:: "International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration", and to
718:. Vedatype is another scheme used for encoding Vedic texts at
8837:
8832:
8682:
8465:
8366:
8053:
6964:
6388:
5825:
5621:
5609:
5597:
5503:
5479:
5357:
5341:
5325:
5309:
5291:
5275:
5258:
5241:
5216:
5202:
5190:
5168:
5146:
5130:
5110:
5098:
5082:
5066:
5050:
5036:
5018:
5009:
5001:
4984:
4968:
4952:
4938:
4920:
4903:
4886:
4870:
4854:
4840:
4828:
4817:
4800:
4778:
4756:
4703:
4693:
4684:
4674:
4653:
4643:
4624:
4605:
4590:
4571:
4556:
4529:
4514:
4495:
4480:
4461:
4455:
4438:
4422:
4299:
4231:
3578:
3318:
3302:
665:
628:
454:. It differs from IAST in the use of the symbols ē and ō for
172:
168:
9315:
9210:
6176:
4400:
4334:
3872:
The Romanization of Toponyms in the Countries of South Asia
3569:
3415:
3362:
2654:
1487:
1459:
790:
762:
659:
563:
529:
451:
431:
236:
200:
6552:
4032:
600:. The ITRANS transliteration scheme was developed for the
541:
United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names
6624:
3547:) likewise do without Devanagari (while his introductory
1438:
standalone consonant letters are followed by an implicit
632:
5794:
3741:
3490:
for writing Sanskrit texts for a widespread readership.
3365:
transliteration, the retroflex forms are ṇ, ṭ, ḍ and ṣ.
5585:
3958:
in 2005 by Thomas T. Pedersen at Eesti Keele Instituut
3971:
Transliteration of Indic scripts: how to use ISO 15919
3453:
635:, loosely based on IAST, in which case is irrelevant.
421:
3834:
3651:"Romanagari an Alternative for Modern Media Writings"
16:
Transliteration from Devanāgarī to the Latin alphabet
3766:
3466:
scripts. These writing systems, though adequate for
2932:
3397:/f/). (On the other hand, "p" is pronounced as the
3381:in Devanāgarī transliteration, it always indicates
570:looks much simpler. It does not contain any of the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2913:
2895:
2877:
2859:
2841:
2823:
2805:
2747:
2720:
2693:
2666:
2588:
2555:
2522:
2489:
2456:
2423:
2390:
2357:
2324:
2291:
2258:
2225:
2192:
2159:
2126:
2093:
2060:
2027:
1994:
1961:
1928:
1895:
1862:
1829:
1796:
1763:
1730:
1697:
1664:
1631:
1598:
1565:
1532:
1499:
1396:
1354:
1321:
1288:
1243:
1210:
1177:
1144:
1099:
1066:
1033:
1000:
967:
934:
901:
868:
835:
802:
536:, the United States Library of Congress standard.
217:International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration
3812:
3655:Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute
10696:
3992:as pdf by Library of Congress standard, loc.gov.
3626:
297:were also made where applicable, e.g. the Hindi
187:. There are several somewhat similar methods of
6429:Legendary creatures in Sanskrit Hindu mythology
4140:, Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 7–9,
3333:Sanskrit: Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa, Śiva, Sāmaveda
3048:is considered optional in ISO 15919, and using
2998:is considered optional in ISO 15919, and using
2621:
4176:
4033:"UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems"
3296:
3181:
312:
203:notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called
9454:
6847:
6568:
6192:
5810:
4247:
4207:Aksharamukha transliteration (converter) tool
3956:Devanagari comparison: ISO, ALA-LC, Hunterian
3235:
2982:To distinguish between long and short 'e' in
741:
471:
6861:
4101:Scharf, Peter M.; Hyman, Malcolm D. (2011).
3762:
3760:
3436:install Unicode-based Hindi keyboard layouts
3230:is sometimes used to specifically represent
4196:
4100:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3155:
3145:
3123:
3097:
3087:
3065:
3055:
3037:
3015:
3005:
2987:
2961:
489:
483:
477:
461:
455:
409:
399:
389:
379:
369:
363:
337:
298:
9461:
9447:
6854:
6840:
6575:
6561:
6522:Sanskrit academic institutes outside India
6199:
6185:
5817:
5803:
4254:
4240:
4125:
4058:"Differences between ISO 15919 and UNRSGN"
3891:
426:
223:standard, used for the transliteration of
199:), including the influential and lossless
3898:Institution of Surveyors (India) (1991),
3865:
3863:
3828:
3806:
3785:
3757:
3735:
3713:
3681:
3620:
699:Other less popular ASCII schemes include
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
6494:Sanskrit inscriptions in the Malay world
6462:Sanskrit mottos of universities in India
3648:
3562:National Library at Kolkata romanisation
3416:Computer use as a drive for romanisation
444:National Library at Kolkata romanisation
438:National Library at Kolkata romanisation
432:National Library at Kolkata romanisation
3995:
3372:
3351:
3336:Hindi: Mahābhārat, Rāmāyaṇ, Śiv, Sāmved
446:, intended for the romanisation of all
10697:
4736:Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages
4203:Chart: difference between IAST and ISO
4104:Linguistic Issues in Encoding Sanskrit
3860:
612:is version 5.30 released in July 2001.
604:software package, a pre-processor for
295:schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages
10598:American Printing House for the Blind
10374:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
10026:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
9442:
9232:
9187:
9080:
8759:
8644:
7986:
7200:
6962:
6945:
6835:
6556:
6180:
5798:
4235:
4138:Low Resource Social Media Text Mining
4008:, United Nations Publications, 2007,
3694:, United Nations Publications, 2007,
3581:, an 8-bit encoding for Indic scripts
3377:Where the letter "h" appears after a
3144:In ISO 15919, ḷ is used to represent
3086:In ISO 15919, ṛ is used to represent
183:, which was the script used to write
9081:
6056:Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal
4050:
3960:Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts
3841:, Concept Publishing Company, 1993,
3405:of "this" (voiced, IPA /ð/) nor the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
9468:
6051:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
3904:, Institution of Surveyors., 1991,
3593:, a transliteration scheme in ASCII
3454:History of Sanskrit transliteration
3444:Microsoft Indic Language Input Tool
2775:
422:Alternative transliteration methods
247:
239:is a widely used standard. It uses
235:into Roman script with diacritics.
13:
9188:
6046:Anti-Hindi agitations of Karnataka
4134:"Low Resource Machine Translation"
3776:, Longmans, Green, and co., 1901,
720:Maharishi University of Management
14:
10726:
4220:
3742:National Library (India) (1960),
3385:. Thus "ph" is pronounced as the
2933:Comparison of IAST with ISO 15919
476:, and the absence of symbols for
3797:, Chapman and Hall, 1897, 1897,
581:
551:
546:
125:
23:
9233:
6094:Department of Official Language
6071:Hindutva boycott of Hindi films
4114:
4094:
4076:
4025:
3983:
3964:
3949:
3424:Before Devanagari was added to
3409:of "thin" (unvoiced, IPA /θ/).
2914:
2896:
2878:
2860:
2842:
2824:
2806:
2748:
2721:
2694:
2667:
2589:
2556:
2523:
2490:
2457:
2424:
2391:
2358:
2325:
2292:
2259:
2226:
2193:
2160:
2127:
2094:
2061:
2028:
1995:
1962:
1929:
1896:
1863:
1830:
1797:
1764:
1731:
1698:
1665:
1632:
1599:
1566:
1533:
1500:
1397:
1355:
1322:
1289:
1244:
1211:
1178:
1145:
1100:
1067:
1034:
1001:
968:
935:
902:
869:
836:
803:
34:needs additional citations for
6927:Languages by writing system /
6527:Sanskrit universities in India
4261:
3901:Indian surveyor, Volumes 33-34
3835:Kunwar Krishan Rampal (1993),
3642:
3446:. This solution is similar to
3042:(short). Note that the use of
2992:(short). Note that the use of
627:The disadvantage of the above
524:to map the much larger set of
346:) was previously romanised as
1:
10366:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
10322:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
8760:
8645:
7987:
6615:Samyukta Maharashtra Movement
3613:
3549:Sanskrit grammar for students
3311:schwa is obligatorily deleted
1429:
350:but began to be romanised as
10577:National Braille Association
10556:Braille Institute of America
10274:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
7201:
6663:East Indian (Mumbai dialect)
6206:
4183:Mapping table with 7 methods
3258:
3246:
3189:
3163:
3131:
3105:
3073:
3050:
3044:
3023:
3000:
2994:
2969:
2622:Irregular consonant clusters
497:
195:(a process sometimes called
58:"Devanagari transliteration"
7:
10457:Refreshable braille display
10436:Optical braille recognition
10033:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
9565:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
8708:New Epoch Notation Painting
6582:
6248:Sanskritisation (sociology)
4376:National Library at Kolkata
4227:Google transliteration tool
4146:10.1007/978-981-16-5625-5_5
3554:
3297:Treatment of inherent schwa
3265:
3196:
3170:
3138:
3112:
3080:
3030:
2976:
672:
616:
10:
10731:
10524:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
6963:
6253:Sanskritisation (language)
5648:Devanagari (Unicode block)
3813:Mînn Latt Yêkháun (1966),
3794:The Fortnightly, Volume 68
3545:Vedic grammar for students
3291:
742:Transliteration comparison
676:
657:
642:
620:
585:
555:
501:
435:
251:
219:(IAST) is a subset of the
10656:
10607:
10547:
10480:
10390:
10336:
10299:
10260:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
10239:
10220:
10201:
10106:
10012:
9973:
9900:
9827:
9526:
9519:
9480:
9438:
9241:
9228:
9196:
9183:
9134:
9093:
9089:
9076:
9052:
9016:
8990:
8939:
8896:
8861:
8781:
8774:Chinese family of scripts
8772:
8768:
8755:
8653:
8640:
8591:
7999:
7995:
7982:
7844:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
7831:
7479:
7222:
7213:
7209:
7196:
6971:
6958:
6954:
6946:
6941:
6929:by first written accounts
6898:
6877:
6873:
6783:
6747:
6717:
6633:
6590:
6542:World Sanskrit Conference
6504:
6452:
6399:
6324:
6266:
6240:
6214:
6123:
6102:
6086:
6036:
5995:
5957:
5909:
5902:
5832:
5824:
5675:
5386:
4744:
4421:
4356:
4292:
4269:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3633:, Survey of India, 1972,
3627:Daya Nand Sharma (1972),
3236:
3201:
3194:
3182:
3180:
3156:
3146:
3124:
3098:
3088:
3066:
3056:
3038:
3016:
3006:
2988:
2962:
749:
694:
490:
484:
478:
472:
462:
456:
410:
400:
390:
380:
370:
364:
338:
313:
299:
254:Hunterian transliteration
10705:Sanskrit transliteration
10247:Chinese semi-syllabaries
9510:Unicode braille patterns
9496:International uniformity
7951:Thomas Natural Shorthand
6279:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
3816:Modernization of Burmese
3726:, United Nations, 1955,
3649:MHAISKAR, RAHUL (2015).
3226:before p, ph, b, bh, m.
3222:before t, th, d, dh, n;
3218:before ṭ, ṭh, ḍ, ḍh, ṇ;
3214:before c, ch, j, jh, ñ;
3210:before k, kh, g, gh, ṅ;
3176:For consistency with l̥
3118:For consistency with r̥
710:26 November 2013 at the
374:are both represented by
10710:Romanization of Brahmic
10584:Blindness organizations
10563:Braille Without Borders
10352:Canadian currency marks
9974:Egyptian lineage family
9157:Southwest Paleohispanic
6424:Historic Sanskrit texts
6389:Suyat family of scripts
6232:Mandala political model
6110:World Hindi Secretariat
5641:INR (Indian rupee sign)
3838:Mapping and compilation
3478:, written c. 150 CE in
653:
427:Schemes with diacritics
210:
191:from Devanagari to the
145:question marks or boxes
9901:Russian lineage family
9301:Great Lakes Algonquian
8210:Greco-Iberian alphabet
8143:Gabelsberger shorthand
7086:Inscriptional Parthian
6115:World Hindi Conference
6087:National organizations
6066:Hindi–Urdu controversy
3468:Middle Indic languages
3440:Google transliteration
3344:Krishna, Vajra, Maurya
133:This article contains
10665:Accessible publishing
10591:Schools for the blind
10570:Japan Braille Library
10359:Computer Braille Code
10013:Indian lineage family
9393:Old Persian cuneiform
8260:Carolingian minuscule
7066:Ancient North Arabian
6796:Sahitya Akademi Award
6678:Maharashtrian Konkani
6141:Sahitya Akademi Award
6078:Punjabi Suba movement
5658:Devanagari Extended-A
3990:Hindi romanization LC
3976:14 April 2016 at the
2986:, 'e' now represents
638:
450:, is an extension of
317:is transliterated as
303:is transliterated as
271:William Wilson Hunter
10429:Mountbatten Brailler
9784:(largely reassigned)
9567:(largely reassigned)
9116:Southeastern Iberian
9111:Northeastern Iberian
7009:Egyptian hieroglyphs
6103:Global organizations
6009:Andaman Creole Hindi
5977:Caribbean Hindustani
5770:Āryabhaṭa numeration
4187:ILTP-DC for Sanskrit
3768:Francis Henry Skrine
3373:Aspirated consonants
3352:Retroflex consonants
3315:Indo-Aryan languages
161:Indo-Aryan languages
43:improve this article
10381:Nemeth braille code
10167:(reassigned vowels)
9692:(extended to 8-dot)
9266:Canadian Aboriginal
9152:Khitan small script
8874:Khitan large script
8064:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
6816:National Film Award
6409:Buddhist literature
5780:Bhūtasaṃkhyā system
5653:Devanagari Extended
5379:Consonant conjuncts
4428:syllabic consonants
2984:Dravidian languages
716:Huet (2009), App A.
596:is an extension of
311:) but the Sanskrit
264:Government of India
10415:Braille translator
10392:Braille technology
10368:(science; GS8/GS6)
10337:Symbols in braille
10267:Taiwanese Mandarin
9782:Taiwanese Mandarin
9388:Nwagu Aneke script
8940:Other logosyllabic
8862:Chinese-influenced
8801:Oracle bone script
8783:Chinese characters
8718:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
8108:Eclectic shorthand
8096:Duployan shorthand
8049:Caucasian Albanian
7849:Canadian syllabics
6885:History of writing
6648:Maharastri Prakrit
6640:Marathic languages
6537:World Sanskrit Day
6532:Sanskrit Knowledge
6343:Later development
5668:Devanagari Braille
5635:(high spacing dot)
3572:to transcribe all
3568:are extensions of
3313:in several modern
539:Another standard,
185:Classical Sanskrit
10692:
10691:
10688:
10687:
10610:tactile alphabets
10538:William Bell Wait
10531:Sabriye Tenberken
10332:
10331:
10197:
10196:
10182:(Japanese vowels)
9980:-mediated scripts
9907:-mediated scripts
9434:
9433:
9430:
9429:
9426:
9425:
9286:Ditema tsa Dinoko
9224:
9223:
9179:
9178:
9175:
9174:
9072:
9071:
9068:
9067:
8892:
8891:
8751:
8750:
8636:
8635:
8632:
8631:
7978:
7977:
7974:
7973:
7827:
7826:
7192:
7191:
7179:Teeline Shorthand
6937:
6936:
6829:
6828:
6705:(Varhadi-Nagpuri)
6698:Thanjavur Marathi
6625:Marathi Knowledge
6620:Maharashtra State
6550:
6549:
6174:
6173:
6038:Language politics
6032:
6031:
5792:
5791:
5785:Kaṭapayādi system
5767:
5766:
5645:
5644:
5396:and other symbols
5376:
5375:
4732:
4731:
4155:978-981-16-5624-8
4090:on 8 August 2014.
4015:978-92-1-161500-5
3848:978-81-7022-414-3
3701:978-92-1-161500-5
3472:Western Kshatrapa
3379:plosive consonant
3289:
3288:
2941:transliteration.
2930:
2929:
2773:
2772:
2619:
2618:
1469:Monier-Williams72
1427:
1426:
772:Monier-Williams72
669:transliteration.
362:consonants (e.g.
293:. Provisions for
141:rendering support
119:
118:
111:
93:
10722:
10681:
10674:
10672:Braille literacy
10667:
10649:
10642:
10635:
10628:
10621:
10600:
10593:
10586:
10579:
10572:
10565:
10558:
10540:
10533:
10526:
10519:
10512:
10505:
10498:
10491:
10473:
10466:
10464:Slate and stylus
10459:
10452:
10450:Perkins Brailler
10445:
10438:
10431:
10424:
10417:
10410:
10408:Braille embosser
10403:
10383:
10376:
10369:
10361:
10354:
10347:
10325:
10317:
10310:
10292:
10285:
10276:
10269:
10262:
10255:
10248:
10232:
10229:American Braille
10213:
10210:Algerian Braille
10190:
10183:
10175:
10168:
10160:
10153:
10146:
10139:
10131:
10124:
10117:
10099:
10091:
10084:
10077:
10070:
10063:
10056:
10049:
10042:
10035:
10028:
10005:
9997:
9990:
9966:
9959:
9952:
9945:
9938:
9931:
9924:
9917:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9852:
9845:
9838:
9825:
9824:
9820:
9813:
9806:
9799:
9792:
9785:
9777:
9770:
9763:
9756:
9749:
9742:
9735:
9728:
9721:
9714:
9707:
9700:
9693:
9685:
9678:
9671:
9664:
9657:
9650:
9643:
9636:
9629:
9622:
9615:
9608:
9601:
9594:
9582:
9575:
9568:
9560:
9553:
9546:
9539:
9524:
9523:
9512:
9505:
9498:
9491:
9474:
9463:
9456:
9449:
9440:
9439:
9230:
9229:
9185:
9184:
9091:
9090:
9083:Semi-syllabaries
9078:
9077:
8779:
8778:
8770:
8769:
8757:
8756:
8642:
8641:
7997:
7996:
7984:
7983:
7886:Japanese Braille
7471:Zanabazar square
7340:Nepalese scripts
7230:Bengali–Assamese
7220:
7219:
7211:
7210:
7198:
7197:
7115:Pitman shorthand
6960:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6943:
6942:
6875:
6874:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6833:
6832:
6635:Marathi dialects
6577:
6570:
6563:
6554:
6553:
6517:Sanskrit studies
6512:Sanskrit revival
6365:Spread of usage
6201:
6194:
6187:
6178:
6177:
6061:Hindi imposition
5907:
5906:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5796:
5795:
5683:
5682:
5663:Vedic Extensions
5401:
5400:
4752:
4751:
4434:
4433:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4214:
4200:
4194:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4129:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4086:. Archived from
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4029:
4023:
4022:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3968:
3962:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3879:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3624:
3597:Hunterian system
3537:Arthur Macdonell
3533:Theodor Aufrecht
3358:Indian languages
3268:
3261:
3249:
3239:
3238:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3184:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3126:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3018:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2964:
2944:
2943:
2917:
2916:
2899:
2898:
2881:
2880:
2863:
2862:
2845:
2844:
2827:
2826:
2809:
2808:
2780:
2779:
2776:Other consonants
2751:
2750:
2724:
2723:
2697:
2696:
2670:
2669:
2626:
2625:
2592:
2591:
2559:
2558:
2526:
2525:
2493:
2492:
2460:
2459:
2427:
2426:
2394:
2393:
2361:
2360:
2328:
2327:
2295:
2294:
2262:
2261:
2229:
2228:
2196:
2195:
2163:
2162:
2130:
2129:
2097:
2096:
2064:
2063:
2031:
2030:
1998:
1997:
1965:
1964:
1932:
1931:
1899:
1898:
1866:
1865:
1833:
1832:
1800:
1799:
1767:
1766:
1734:
1733:
1701:
1700:
1668:
1667:
1635:
1634:
1602:
1601:
1569:
1568:
1536:
1535:
1503:
1502:
1451:
1450:
1400:
1399:
1358:
1357:
1325:
1324:
1292:
1291:
1247:
1246:
1214:
1213:
1181:
1180:
1148:
1147:
1103:
1102:
1070:
1069:
1037:
1036:
1004:
1003:
971:
970:
938:
937:
905:
904:
872:
871:
839:
838:
806:
805:
754:
753:
724:Sanskrit Library
666:Sanskrit Library
613:
493:
492:
487:
486:
481:
480:
475:
474:
465:
464:
459:
458:
413:
412:
403:
402:
393:
392:
383:
382:
373:
372:
367:
366:
341:
340:
316:
315:
302:
301:
260:Hunterian system
248:Hunterian system
129:
128:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
10730:
10729:
10725:
10724:
10723:
10721:
10720:
10719:
10695:
10694:
10693:
10684:
10677:
10670:
10663:
10652:
10645:
10638:
10631:
10624:
10617:
10603:
10596:
10589:
10582:
10575:
10568:
10561:
10554:
10543:
10536:
10529:
10522:
10515:
10508:
10501:
10496:Charles Barbier
10494:
10487:
10476:
10469:
10462:
10455:
10448:
10441:
10434:
10427:
10420:
10413:
10406:
10399:
10386:
10379:
10372:
10364:
10357:
10350:
10343:
10328:
10320:
10313:
10306:
10295:
10288:
10281:
10272:
10265:
10258:
10251:
10246:
10235:
10227:
10221:Frequency-based
10216:
10208:
10193:
10186:
10178:
10171:
10163:
10156:
10149:
10142:
10134:
10127:
10120:
10113:
10102:
10094:
10087:
10080:
10073:
10066:
10059:
10052:
10045:
10038:
10031:
10024:
10017:Bharati Braille
10014:
10008:
10000:
9993:
9986:
9975:
9969:
9962:
9955:
9948:
9941:
9934:
9927:
9920:
9913:
9902:
9896:
9889:
9884:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9855:
9848:
9841:
9834:
9823:
9816:
9809:
9802:
9795:
9788:
9780:
9773:
9766:
9759:
9752:
9745:
9738:
9731:
9724:
9717:
9710:
9703:
9696:
9688:
9681:
9674:
9667:
9660:
9653:
9646:
9639:
9632:
9625:
9618:
9611:
9604:
9597:
9591:Unified English
9585:
9578:
9571:
9563:
9556:
9549:
9542:
9535:
9520:Braille scripts
9515:
9508:
9501:
9494:
9487:
9476:
9472:
9467:
9422:
9237:
9220:
9216:Stokoe notation
9192:
9171:
9130:
9085:
9064:
9048:
9012:
8991:Logoconsonantal
8986:
8935:
8888:
8857:
8764:
8747:
8728:Siglas poveiras
8649:
8628:
8587:
8491:Younger Futhark
8195:Gregg shorthand
7991:
7970:
7823:
7475:
7205:
7188:
6967:
6950:
6933:
6906:Writing systems
6894:
6869:
6867:writing systems
6860:
6830:
6825:
6779:
6760:Marathi theatre
6743:
6718:Marathi scripts
6713:
6683:Malvani Konkani
6638:
6629:
6586:
6581:
6551:
6546:
6500:
6448:
6395:
6374:Gujarati script
6320:
6262:
6236:
6210:
6205:
6175:
6170:
6119:
6098:
6082:
6028:
5991:
5953:
5898:
5828:
5823:
5793:
5788:
5671:
5395:
5391:
5382:
4740:
4426:
4417:
4358:Transliteration
4352:
4288:
4279:Brahmic scripts
4265:
4260:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4201:
4197:
4181:
4177:
4168:
4166:
4156:
4130:
4126:
4121:Morphology Help
4119:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4095:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4041:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4016:
4000:
3996:
3988:
3984:
3978:Wayback Machine
3969:
3965:
3954:
3950:
3896:
3892:
3877:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3849:
3833:
3829:
3811:
3807:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3765:
3758:
3740:
3736:
3718:
3714:
3702:
3686:
3682:
3647:
3643:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3557:
3526:Monier-Williams
3496:editio princeps
3456:
3418:
3375:
3354:
3299:
3294:
2935:
2778:
2624:
1432:
752:
744:
712:Wayback Machine
697:
681:
675:
662:
656:
647:
641:
625:
619:
592:
590:
584:
576:capital letters
560:
554:
549:
520:ISO 15919 uses
510:transliteration
506:
500:
440:
434:
429:
424:
275:Siraj ud-Daulah
256:
250:
213:
189:transliteration
150:
149:
148:
139:Without proper
130:
126:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10728:
10718:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10690:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10683:
10682:
10675:
10668:
10660:
10658:
10657:Related topics
10654:
10653:
10651:
10650:
10643:
10636:
10633:New York Point
10629:
10622:
10614:
10612:
10605:
10604:
10602:
10601:
10594:
10587:
10580:
10573:
10566:
10559:
10551:
10549:
10545:
10544:
10542:
10541:
10534:
10527:
10520:
10517:Harris Mowbray
10513:
10506:
10499:
10492:
10484:
10482:
10478:
10477:
10475:
10474:
10467:
10460:
10453:
10446:
10439:
10432:
10425:
10418:
10411:
10404:
10401:Braille e-book
10396:
10394:
10388:
10387:
10385:
10384:
10377:
10370:
10362:
10355:
10348:
10340:
10338:
10334:
10333:
10330:
10329:
10327:
10326:
10318:
10311:
10303:
10301:
10297:
10296:
10294:
10293:
10286:
10279:
10278:
10277:
10270:
10263:
10256:
10243:
10241:
10237:
10236:
10234:
10233:
10224:
10222:
10218:
10217:
10215:
10214:
10205:
10203:
10199:
10198:
10195:
10194:
10192:
10191:
10184:
10176:
10169:
10161:
10154:
10147:
10140:
10132:
10125:
10118:
10110:
10108:
10104:
10103:
10101:
10100:
10092:
10085:
10078:
10071:
10064:
10057:
10050:
10043:
10036:
10029:
10021:
10019:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10006:
9998:
9991:
9983:
9981:
9971:
9970:
9968:
9967:
9960:
9953:
9946:
9939:
9932:
9925:
9918:
9910:
9908:
9898:
9897:
9895:
9894:
9893:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9853:
9846:
9839:
9831:
9829:
9822:
9821:
9814:
9807:
9800:
9793:
9786:
9778:
9771:
9764:
9757:
9750:
9743:
9736:
9729:
9722:
9715:
9708:
9701:
9694:
9686:
9679:
9672:
9665:
9658:
9651:
9644:
9637:
9630:
9623:
9616:
9609:
9602:
9595:
9583:
9576:
9569:
9561:
9554:
9547:
9540:
9532:
9530:
9528:French-ordered
9521:
9517:
9516:
9514:
9513:
9506:
9499:
9492:
9484:
9482:
9478:
9477:
9466:
9465:
9458:
9451:
9443:
9436:
9435:
9432:
9431:
9428:
9427:
9424:
9423:
9421:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9368:Linear Elamite
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9349:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9242:
9239:
9238:
9226:
9225:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9190:Sign languages
9181:
9180:
9177:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9169:
9167:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9142:Espanca script
9138:
9136:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9101:Linear Elamite
9097:
9095:
9087:
9086:
9074:
9073:
9070:
9069:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9062:
9056:
9054:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9020:
9018:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8994:
8992:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8984:
8982:Yi (Classical)
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8943:
8941:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8902:
8900:
8894:
8893:
8890:
8889:
8887:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8865:
8863:
8859:
8858:
8856:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8829:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8808:
8806:Bronze scripts
8803:
8798:
8793:
8787:
8785:
8776:
8766:
8765:
8753:
8752:
8749:
8748:
8746:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8654:
8651:
8650:
8638:
8637:
8634:
8633:
8630:
8629:
8627:
8626:
8621:
8619:Flag semaphore
8616:
8614:New York Point
8611:
8609:Telegraph code
8606:
8604:Maritime flags
8601:
8595:
8593:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8558:Visible Speech
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8528:Sorang Sompeng
8525:
8520:
8515:
8514:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8432:
8431:
8430:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8412:Galik alphabet
8409:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8318:
8317:
8312:
8310:Tironian notes
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8176:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8155:
8153:Garay alphabet
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8104:
8103:
8093:
8088:
8087:
8086:
8081:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8030:
8029:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8003:
8001:
7993:
7992:
7980:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7936:Sorang Sompeng
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7862:
7861:
7859:Déné syllabics
7856:
7846:
7841:
7835:
7833:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7814:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7649:
7648:
7643:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7585:
7584:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7473:
7468:
7463:
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7456:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7226:
7224:
7217:
7207:
7206:
7194:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7154:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7142:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7120:Proto-Sinaitic
7117:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7100:
7095:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7005:
7004:
6994:
6993:
6992:
6981:
6980:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6952:
6951:
6939:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6925:
6924:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6881:
6879:
6871:
6870:
6859:
6858:
6851:
6844:
6836:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6801:Jnanpith Award
6798:
6793:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6777:
6770:Marathi people
6767:
6762:
6757:
6755:Marathi Cinema
6751:
6749:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6721:
6719:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6711:
6706:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6644:
6642:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6580:
6579:
6572:
6565:
6557:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6508:
6506:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6464:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6439:Sanskrit poets
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6405:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6328:
6326:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6281:
6276:
6274:Vedic Sanskrit
6270:
6268:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6244:
6242:
6241:Mode of spread
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6215:Influence zone
6212:
6211:
6204:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6181:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6146:Jnanpith Award
6143:
6138:
6133:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6090:
6088:
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6081:
6080:
6075:
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6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
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6034:
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6027:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6005:
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5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5915:
5913:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5822:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5799:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5765:
5764:
5756:
5748:
5740:
5732:
5724:
5716:
5708:
5700:
5692:
5681:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5643:
5642:
5636:
5630:
5618:
5606:
5593:
5592:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5558:
5542:
5541:
5528:
5515:
5500:
5488:
5475:
5474:
5459:
5449:
5434:
5419:
5399:
5397:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5272:
5264:
5256:
5248:
5238:
5233:
5231:
5223:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5199:
5197:
5187:
5185:
5177:
5175:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5153:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5126:
5125:
5117:
5107:
5105:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5033:
5025:
5015:
5007:
4999:
4991:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4935:
4927:
4917:
4909:
4901:
4893:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4837:
4835:
4825:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4763:
4750:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4730:
4729:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4700:
4691:
4682:
4670:
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4667:
4664:
4661:
4650:
4641:
4632:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4586:
4585:
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4568:
4566:
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4549:
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4537:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4458:
4453:
4445:
4432:
4430:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4284:Inherent vowel
4281:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4222:
4221:External links
4219:
4216:
4215:
4195:
4175:
4154:
4124:
4113:
4093:
4075:
4049:
4024:
4014:
3994:
3982:
3963:
3948:
3890:
3859:
3847:
3827:
3805:
3784:
3756:
3734:
3712:
3700:
3680:
3641:
3618:
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3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3556:
3553:
3521:spiritus asper
3455:
3452:
3417:
3414:
3374:
3371:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3286:
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3273:
3272:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3242:
3241:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3183:◌ं
3178:
3177:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3151:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3094:
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3012:
3011:
2980:
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2801:
2796:
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2263:
2255:
2254:
2251:
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2239:
2236:
2233:
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2222:
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2218:
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2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
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2065:
2057:
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2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1925:
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1921:
1918:
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1909:
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1892:
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1311:
1308:
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1299:
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1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
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1116:
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1107:
1104:
1096:
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1086:
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1080:
1077:
1074:
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1047:
1044:
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1038:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
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1008:
1005:
997:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
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975:
972:
964:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
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931:
930:
927:
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909:
906:
898:
897:
894:
891:
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882:
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873:
865:
864:
861:
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852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
832:
831:
828:
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822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
799:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
770:
765:
760:
751:
748:
743:
740:
696:
693:
677:Main article:
674:
671:
658:Main article:
655:
652:
643:Main article:
640:
637:
621:Main article:
618:
615:
586:Main article:
583:
580:
556:Main article:
553:
550:
548:
545:
502:Main article:
499:
496:
436:Main article:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
252:Main article:
249:
246:
212:
209:
159:used for many
143:, you may see
131:
124:
123:
122:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10727:
10716:
10713:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10702:
10700:
10680:
10676:
10673:
10669:
10666:
10662:
10661:
10659:
10655:
10648:
10644:
10641:
10640:Night writing
10637:
10634:
10630:
10627:
10623:
10620:
10616:
10615:
10613:
10611:
10606:
10599:
10595:
10592:
10588:
10585:
10581:
10578:
10574:
10571:
10567:
10564:
10560:
10557:
10553:
10552:
10550:
10548:Organisations
10546:
10539:
10535:
10532:
10528:
10525:
10521:
10518:
10514:
10511:
10510:Valentin Haüy
10507:
10504:
10500:
10497:
10493:
10490:
10489:Louis Braille
10486:
10485:
10483:
10479:
10472:
10468:
10465:
10461:
10458:
10454:
10451:
10447:
10444:
10440:
10437:
10433:
10430:
10426:
10423:
10422:Braille watch
10419:
10416:
10412:
10409:
10405:
10402:
10398:
10397:
10395:
10393:
10389:
10382:
10378:
10375:
10371:
10367:
10363:
10360:
10356:
10353:
10349:
10346:
10345:Braille music
10342:
10341:
10339:
10335:
10323:
10319:
10316:
10312:
10309:
10308:Luxembourgish
10305:
10304:
10302:
10298:
10291:
10287:
10284:
10280:
10275:
10271:
10268:
10264:
10261:
10257:
10254:
10250:
10249:
10245:
10244:
10242:
10238:
10230:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10219:
10211:
10207:
10206:
10204:
10200:
10189:
10185:
10181:
10177:
10174:
10170:
10166:
10162:
10159:
10155:
10152:
10148:
10145:
10141:
10137:
10133:
10130:
10126:
10123:
10119:
10116:
10112:
10111:
10109:
10107:Other scripts
10105:
10097:
10093:
10090:
10086:
10083:
10079:
10076:
10072:
10069:
10065:
10062:
10058:
10055:
10051:
10048:
10044:
10041:
10037:
10034:
10030:
10027:
10023:
10022:
10020:
10018:
10011:
10003:
9999:
9996:
9992:
9989:
9985:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9972:
9965:
9961:
9958:
9954:
9951:
9947:
9944:
9940:
9937:
9933:
9930:
9926:
9923:
9919:
9916:
9912:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9899:
9888:
9883:
9880:
9879:Northern Sámi
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9860:
9858:
9854:
9851:
9847:
9844:
9840:
9837:
9833:
9832:
9830:
9828:Nordic family
9826:
9819:
9815:
9812:
9808:
9805:
9801:
9798:
9794:
9791:
9787:
9783:
9779:
9776:
9772:
9769:
9768:South African
9765:
9762:
9758:
9755:
9751:
9748:
9744:
9741:
9737:
9734:
9730:
9727:
9723:
9720:
9716:
9713:
9709:
9706:
9702:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9690:Luxembourgish
9687:
9684:
9680:
9677:
9673:
9670:
9666:
9663:
9659:
9656:
9652:
9649:
9645:
9642:
9638:
9635:
9631:
9628:
9624:
9621:
9617:
9614:
9610:
9607:
9603:
9600:
9596:
9592:
9588:
9584:
9581:
9577:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9562:
9559:
9555:
9552:
9548:
9545:
9541:
9538:
9534:
9533:
9531:
9529:
9525:
9522:
9518:
9511:
9507:
9504:
9503:ASCII braille
9500:
9497:
9493:
9490:
9486:
9485:
9483:
9479:
9471:
9464:
9459:
9457:
9452:
9450:
9445:
9444:
9441:
9437:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9240:
9236:
9231:
9227:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9198:
9195:
9191:
9186:
9182:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9139:
9137:
9133:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9098:
9096:
9092:
9088:
9084:
9079:
9075:
9061:
9058:
9057:
9055:
9051:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9034:Attic (Greek)
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9021:
9019:
9015:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8995:
8993:
8989:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8972:Proto-Elamite
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8944:
8942:
8938:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8903:
8901:
8899:
8895:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8860:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8813:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8784:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8771:
8767:
8763:
8758:
8754:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8655:
8652:
8648:
8643:
8639:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8590:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8486:Elder Futhark
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8468:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8404:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8377:Old Hungarian
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8205:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8028:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8004:
8002:
7998:
7994:
7990:
7985:
7981:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7911:Masaram Gondi
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7881:Gunjala Gondi
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7830:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7809:
7808:
7805:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7767:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7694:
7693:Old Sundanese
7691:
7690:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7638:
7637:
7636:Old Maldivian
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7620:
7619:Bilang-bilang
7617:
7616:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7478:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7439:Sylheti Nagri
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7240:Brahmi script
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7199:
7195:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7135:South Arabian
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7081:Inscriptional
7079:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6998:
6995:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6966:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6944:
6940:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6857:
6852:
6850:
6845:
6843:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6782:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6746:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6726:
6725:Balbodh style
6723:
6722:
6720:
6716:
6710:
6707:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6668:Judeo-Marathi
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6641:
6636:
6632:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6592:
6589:
6585:
6578:
6573:
6571:
6566:
6564:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6505:Modern status
6503:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6453:Current usage
6451:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6398:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6369:Bangla script
6367:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6357:Nagari script
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6335:Brahmi script
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6311:Vedic grammar
6309:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6222:Greater India
6220:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6202:
6197:
6195:
6190:
6188:
6183:
6182:
6179:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6079:
6076:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6019:Haflong Hindi
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5982:Chhattisgarhi
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5905:
5901:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5874:Kinship terms
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5853:
5850:
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5627:lāghava cihna
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4386:Harvard-Kyoto
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3986:
3980:ntlworld.com.
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3574:Indic scripts
3571:
3567:
3563:
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3546:
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3541:Vedic grammar
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2640:Harvard-Kyoto
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1473:Harvard-Kyoto
1471:
1468:
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1234:
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797:
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776:Harvard-Kyoto
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
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747:
739:
737:
736:Anthony Stone
733:
729:
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686:
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667:
661:
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646:
636:
634:
630:
624:
614:
611:
607:
606:Indic scripts
603:
599:
598:Harvard-Kyoto
595:
589:
582:ITRANS scheme
579:
577:
573:
569:
568:Harvard-Kyoto
565:
559:
558:Harvard-Kyoto
552:Harvard-Kyoto
547:ASCII schemes
544:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
514:
511:
505:
495:
469:
453:
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448:Indic scripts
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361:
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99:February 2011
91:
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
10180:Thai and Lao
9857:Scandinavian
9489:1829 braille
9481:Braille cell
9281:Cypro-Minoan
9147:Pahawh Hmong
9060:Sitelen Pona
9024:Hindu-Arabic
8357:Mundari Bani
7931:Pahawh Hmong
7740:Tamil-Brahmi
7646:Eveyla Akuru
7641:Dhives Akuru
7108:Paleo-Hebrew
6975:
6911:undeciphered
6151:Hindi cinema
6014:Bombay Hindi
5758:
5750:
5742:
5734:
5726:
5718:
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5702:
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4466:
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4357:
4347:
4198:
4178:
4169:24 September
4167:, retrieved
4137:
4127:
4116:
4103:
4096:
4088:the original
4078:
4066:. Retrieved
4064:. March 2016
4061:
4052:
4040:. Retrieved
4036:
4027:
4019:
4004:
3997:
3985:
3966:
3951:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3893:
3884:
3883:
3876:, retrieved
3871:
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3808:
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3492:
3457:
3448:input method
3433:
3430:
3423:
3419:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3393:in "photo" (
3390:
3386:
3376:
3367:
3355:
3347:
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3227:
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3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
2936:
1445:
1440:
1433:
745:
698:
682:
663:
648:
626:
591:
562:Compared to
561:
538:
519:
515:
507:
441:
415:
405:
395:
385:
375:
351:
347:
343:
322:
318:
308:
304:
284:
268:
257:
214:
204:
197:romanisation
193:Roman script
171:, including
157:Indic script
151:
132:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
10679:RoboBraille
10503:Róża Czacka
10443:Perforation
10240:Independent
10138:(Bhutanese)
9873:Greenlandic
9544:Azerbaijani
9346:Jindai moji
9235:Syllabaries
9206:SignWriting
9106:Celtiberian
9008:Hieroglyphs
8811:Seal script
8796:Traditional
8668:Blissymbols
8573:Warang Citi
8548:Tolong Siki
8501:Marcomannic
8481:Dalecarlian
8471:Anglo-Saxon
8451:Pau Cin Hau
8342:Medefaidrin
8295:Merovingian
8255:Blackletter
8163:Asomtavruli
7956:Warang Citi
7765:Ulu scripts
7710:New Tai Lue
7653:Mon–Burmese
7507:Bhattiprolu
7335:Nandinagari
7162:ʾEsṭrangēlā
6921:constructed
6821:Maharashtra
6384:Odia script
6379:Kawi script
6352:Nandinagari
6258:Sanskritism
5775:Akṣarapallī
5538:upadhmānīya
5525:jihvāmūlīya
5456:candrabindu
5446:candrabindu
5393:punctuation
4406:WX notation
4068:13 February
4042:14 February
3878:27 February
3661:: 195–202.
2947:Devanagari
2679:kSa/kSha/xa
701:WX notation
645:WX_notation
508:A standard
165:North India
10715:Devanagari
10699:Categories
10231:(obsolete)
10212:(obsolete)
10004:(Pakistan)
9915:Belarusian
9797:Vietnamese
9740:Portuguese
9726:Philippine
9683:Lithuanian
9336:Hentaigana
9331:Man'yōgana
8791:Simplified
8678:Ersu Shaba
8592:Non-linear
8397:Old Uyghur
8387:Old Permic
8382:Old Italic
8315:Visigothic
8250:Beneventan
8185:Glagolitic
8148:Gadabuursi
7812:Kolezhuthu
7807:Vatteluttu
7745:Tanchangya
7668:Saurashtra
7245:Devanagari
7103:Phoenician
7056:Manichaean
6765:Literature
6729:Devanagari
6605:Literature
6484:Indonesian
6470:Loanwords
6434:Literature
6401:Literature
6347:Devanagari
6227:Indosphere
6131:Literature
5987:Fiji Hindi
5949:Sansi Boli
5934:Hindustani
5894:Hindustani
5864:Devanagari
5842:Declension
5454:(inverted
5388:Diacritics
4746:Consonants
4263:Devanāgarī
3614:References
3608:Roman Urdu
3543:(and 1916
3516:Franz Bopp
3505:Max Müller
3488:Devanagari
3476:Rudradaman
3383:aspiration
2950:ISO 15919
2939:Devanagari
2784:Devanāgarī
2630:Devanāgarī
1455:Devanāgarī
1436:Devanāgarī
1430:Consonants
758:Devanāgarī
705:NLP Panini
689:Devanagari
522:diacritics
241:diacritics
205:Romanagari
153:Devanagari
135:Indic text
69:newspapers
10647:Vibratese
10626:Moon type
10619:Decapoint
10300:Eight-dot
10253:Cantonese
10202:Reordered
10165:Inuktitut
10054:Malayalam
9964:Ukrainian
9943:Mongolian
9922:Bulgarian
9885:Norwegian
9850:Icelandic
9641:Hungarian
9599:Esperanto
9551:Cantonese
9135:Redundant
8947:Anatolian
8898:Cuneiform
8826:bird-worm
8762:Logograms
8733:Testerian
8647:Ideograms
8624:Moon type
8511:Staveless
8402:Mongolian
8347:Molodtsov
8305:Sütterlin
8173:Mkhedruli
8039:Bassa Vah
7989:Alphabets
7961:Mwangwego
7926:Mwangwego
7901:Kharosthi
7854:Blackfoot
7817:Malayanma
7688:Sundanese
7683:Sukhothai
7631:Malayalam
7582:Khom Thai
7542:Goykanadi
7466:Tocharian
7419:ʼPhags-pa
7290:Khudabadi
7235:Bhaiksuki
7130:Samaritan
7061:Nabataean
6916:inventors
6600:Phonology
6444:Vyākaraṇa
6299:Compounds
5903:Varieties
5889:Etymology
5859:Phonology
4381:ISO 15919
4371:Hunterian
4293:Languages
4164:244313560
3667:0045-9801
3566:ISO 15919
3509:Böhtlingk
3460:Kharoshti
3247:ṅ ñ ṇ n m
2789:ISO 15919
2635:ISO 15919
1465:ISO 15919
768:ISO 15919
728:ISO 15919
572:diacritic
504:ISO 15919
498:ISO 15919
356:retroflex
330:diacritic
321:(and not
307:(and not
221:ISO 15919
10283:Japanese
10144:Georgian
10136:Dzongkha
10122:Armenian
10040:Gujarati
9905:Cyrillic
9836:Estonian
9811:Yugoslav
9747:Romanian
9719:Nigerian
9634:Hawaiian
9620:Ghanaian
9537:Albanian
9398:Sumerian
9363:Linear B
9326:Katakana
9321:Hiragana
9271:Cherokee
9201:ASLwrite
9162:Bopomofo
9017:Numerals
9003:Hieratic
8962:Isthmian
8931:Sumerian
8911:Assyrian
8906:Akkadian
8563:Vithkuqi
8538:Tifinagh
8506:Medieval
8461:Pisidian
8456:Phrygian
8427:Vagindra
8372:Ol Chiki
8280:Interlac
8235:Kayah Li
8225:Jenticha
8180:Veso Bey
8168:Nuskhuri
8158:Georgian
8128:Formosan
8123:Etruscan
8118:Enochian
8074:Cyrillic
8059:Coelbren
8017:Armenian
7916:Meroitic
7906:Mandombe
7896:Jenticha
7760:Tigalari
7725:Tai Viet
7720:Tai Tham
7700:Tagbanwa
7552:Javanese
7502:Baybayin
7492:Balinese
7480:Southern
7375:Pracalit
7370:Pachumol
7345:Bhujimol
7305:Mahajani
7265:Gurmukhi
7255:Gujarati
7223:Northern
7203:Abugidas
7184:Ugaritic
7172:Maḏnḥāyā
7046:Tifinagh
7039:Solitreo
6977:Numerals
6890:Grapheme
6878:Overview
6294:Pronouns
6267:Language
6208:Sanskrit
6024:Hinglish
5939:Kannauji
5929:Haryanvi
5869:Numerals
5847:Pronouns
5677:Numerals
5613:(double
5567:anudātta
5471:avagraha
5415:anusvāra
4396:Velthuis
4348:and more
4345:Sanskrit
4320:Maithili
3974:Archived
3770:(1901),
3675:26264736
3603:Hinglish
3591:Velthuis
3555:See also
3539:'s 1910
3480:Junagadh
3307:Sanskrit
3232:Gurmukhi
2956:Comment
2923:.Dha/Rha
2733:GYa/j~na
2650:Velthuis
1483:Velthuis
786:Velthuis
708:Archived
679:Hinglish
673:Hinglish
623:Velthuis
617:Velthuis
336:. Thus,
309:kānapura
279:grapheme
225:Sanskrit
10188:Tibetan
10129:Burmese
10115:Amharic
10098:(India)
10075:Sinhala
10068:Punjabi
10047:Kannada
9995:Persian
9950:Russian
9890:Swedish
9868:Finnish
9843:Faroese
9818:Zambian
9790:Turkish
9775:Spanish
9698:Maltese
9676:Latvian
9669:Italian
9648:Iñupiaq
9627:Guarani
9587:English
9558:Catalan
9475:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
9470:Braille
9353:Kikakui
9291:Eskayan
9276:Cypriot
9126:Dunging
8998:Demotic
8977:Tenevil
8921:Hittite
8916:Elamite
8869:Jurchen
8848:Sawndip
8843:Chữ Nôm
8743:Zapotec
8738:Yerkish
8713:Nsibidi
8698:Miꞌkmaw
8688:Isotype
8658:Adinkra
8599:Braille
8583:Zaghawa
8553:Vellara
8533:Sunuwar
8523:Sidetic
8518:Shavian
8446:Osmanya
8436:Ol Onal
8290:Kurrent
8275:Insular
8265:Fraktur
8240:Klingon
8230:Kaddare
8204:Archaic
8113:Elbasan
8101:Chinook
8091:Deseret
8079:Bosnian
8034:Avoiuli
8022:Avestan
8012:Ariyaka
7941:Tengwar
7839:Bharati
7800:Serawai
7790:Pasemah
7775:Lampung
7730:Lai Tay
7715:Tai Noi
7678:Sinhala
7658:Pallava
7626:Makasar
7614:Lontara
7589:Kulitan
7562:Kannada
7557:Kadamba
7547:Hanunoo
7537:Grantha
7532:Fakkham
7449:Tibetan
7434:Soyombo
7429:Siddhaṃ
7424:Sharada
7400:Litumol
7390:Tirhuta
7380:Ranjana
7365:Kvemmol
7325:Multani
7310:Marchen
7275:Kalinga
7215:Brahmic
7152:Sogdian
7091:Psalter
7071:Pahlavi
7051:Mandaic
7029:Cursive
7014:Elymaic
6985:Aramaic
6806:Writers
6734:Braille
6703:Varhadi
6693:Samvedi
6688:Phudagi
6673:Katkari
6658:Deccani
6595:Grammar
6584:Marathi
6489:Tagalog
6474:English
6331:Origin
6325:Scripts
6316:Prosody
6284:Grammar
6161:Writers
6001:Creoles
5997:Pidgins
5972:Bagheli
5959:Eastern
5944:Kauravi
5924:Bundeli
5911:Western
5884:History
5879:Braille
5837:Grammar
5581:(acute)
5575:(grave)
5555:svarita
5431:visarga
4340:Prakrit
4315:Konkani
4305:Marathi
4274:Abugida
3501:Rigveda
3499:of the
3484:Gujarat
3426:Unicode
3327:Marathi
3323:Punjabi
3317:, like
3309:. This
3292:Details
1307:M/.n/.m
1262:LLI/L^I
1229:LLi/L^i
1196:RRI/R^I
1163:RRi/R^i
691:Hindi.
685:YouTube
526:Brahmic
468:Kannada
291:Tibetan
287:Burmese
229:Prakrit
177:Marathi
83:scholar
10608:Other
10481:People
10471:Braigo
10290:Korean
10158:Hebrew
10089:Telugu
9988:Arabic
9978:Arabic
9936:Kyrgyz
9929:Kazakh
9863:Danish
9761:Slovak
9754:Samoan
9733:Polish
9712:Navajo
9613:German
9606:French
9473:
9418:Yugtun
9408:Woleai
9358:Kpelle
9341:Sōgana
9261:Byblos
9039:Muisca
8957:Cretan
8926:Luwian
8884:Tangut
8703:Mixtec
8673:Dongba
8578:Yezidi
8568:Wancho
8543:Todhri
8496:Gothic
8476:Cipher
8417:Manchu
8407:Evenki
8392:Orkhon
8337:Manchu
8332:Lydian
8327:Lycian
8270:Gaelic
8220:Hanifi
8215:Hangul
8190:Gothic
8138:Fraser
8133:Fox II
8069:Coptic
8044:Carian
8027:Pazend
8000:Linear
7946:Thaana
7891:Sarati
7832:Others
7795:Rejang
7780:Lembak
7770:Incung
7750:Telugu
7705:Tai Le
7599:Langdi
7522:Chakma
7412:Karani
7385:Tamyig
7360:Kummol
7355:Himmol
7350:Golmol
7330:Nagari
7315:Meitei
7300:Lepcha
7285:Khojki
7270:Kaithi
7157:Syriac
7145:Musnad
7024:Ashuri
7019:Hebrew
7002:Elifba
6997:Arabic
6990:Hatran
6965:Abjads
6791:Awards
6610:Poetry
6136:Awards
5967:Awadhi
5497:virāma
4423:Vowels
4391:ITRANS
4325:Sindhi
4310:Nepali
4162:
4152:
4012:
3845:
3698:
3673:
3665:
3585:ITRANS
3474:ruler
3464:Brahmi
3234:Tippi
2905:.Da/Ra
2794:ITRANS
2645:ITRANS
1478:ITRANS
781:ITRANS
750:Vowels
695:Others
610:ITRANS
602:ITRANS
594:ITRANS
588:ITRANS
534:ALA-LC
360:dental
334:macron
327:accent
305:kānpur
300:कानपुर
181:Nepali
155:is an
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
10324:(GS8)
10315:Kanji
10173:Khmer
10151:Greek
10082:Tamil
10015:i.e.
9976:i.e.
9957:Tatar
9903:i.e.
9804:Welsh
9705:Māori
9662:Irish
9580:Dutch
9573:Czech
9383:Nüshu
9251:Bamum
9246:Afaka
9053:Other
9044:Roman
9029:Abjad
8952:Bagam
8853:Bowen
8838:Kanji
8833:Hanja
8821:small
8816:large
8723:Olmec
8693:Kaidā
8683:Emoji
8663:Aztec
8466:Runic
8441:Osage
8422:Oirat
8367:Ogham
8300:Sigla
8245:Latin
8200:Greek
8084:Early
8054:Cirth
8007:Adlam
7876:Geʽez
7871:Fox I
7735:Tamil
7594:Lanna
7577:Khmer
7567:Karen
7517:Buhid
7497:Batak
7454:Uchen
7444:Takri
7395:Limbu
7295:Laṇḍā
7280:Khema
7260:Gupta
7250:Dogri
7167:Serṭā
7140:Zabur
7125:Punic
7098:Pegon
7034:Rashi
6948:Types
6899:Lists
6863:Types
6811:Poets
6748:Other
6709:Varli
6479:Hindi
6419:Epics
6414:Drama
6304:Verbs
6289:Nouns
6166:Poets
6156:Music
5852:Verbs
5826:Hindi
5615:daṇḍa
5603:daṇḍa
5512:pluta
5485:nuqta
4707:(कौ)
4696:(कॊ)
4687:(कॉ)
4678:(को)
4657:(कै)
4646:(कॆ)
4637:(कॅ)
4628:(के)
4609:(कॣ)
4594:(कॢ)
4575:(कॄ)
4560:(कृ)
4533:(कू)
4518:(कु)
4499:(की)
4484:(कि)
4465:(का)
4412:ISCII
4300:Hindi
4160:S2CID
4108:(PDF)
3671:JSTOR
3579:ISCII
3356:Most
3319:Hindi
3303:schwa
3157:ॡ / ॣ
3125:ऌ / ॢ
3099:ॠ / ॄ
3067:ऋ / ृ
3039:ऒ / ॊ
3017:ओ / ो
2989:ऎ / ॆ
2963:ए / े
2953:IAST
2442:va/wa
734:from
629:ASCII
319:krama
173:Hindi
169:Nepal
90:JSTOR
76:books
10096:Urdu
10061:Odia
10002:Urdu
9378:Loma
9373:Lisu
9316:Kana
9306:Iban
9296:Geba
9256:Bété
9211:si5s
9121:Khom
9094:Full
8967:Maya
8362:N'Ko
7921:Miao
7866:Dham
7785:Ogan
7755:Thai
7673:Shan
7609:Leke
7572:Kawi
7527:Cham
7512:Buda
7487:Ahom
7407:Odia
7320:Modi
7076:Book
6784:Arts
6774:List
6739:Modi
6653:Andh
6124:Arts
5999:and
5919:Braj
5590:aum̐
4791:k̲h̲
4728:(कॏ)
4722:(कऻ)
4716:(कऺ)
4666:(कॎ)
4663:(कॕ)
4548:(कॗ)
4542:(कॖ)
4401:SLP1
4366:IAST
4335:Pali
4330:Bodo
4211:here
4171:2022
4150:ISBN
4070:2017
4044:2017
4010:ISBN
3937:and
3925:and
3913:and
3880:2011
3843:ISBN
3696:ISBN
3663:ISSN
3570:IAST
3564:and
3560:The
3462:and
3363:IAST
3054:for
3004:for
2926:DZa
2908:dZa
2890:PZa
2872:jZa
2854:gZa
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