375:
2542:, p. 243: A donative inscription of Harihara II states (Upādhyāy 1945: 23–24), “Śrī Saṅgameśvara was in the laudable Yadu family known as Yādavas, who are praiseworthy because of being born in the lineage of the Moon (Soma).” Another inscription affirms, “Lord Viṣṇu himself descended in the form of Saṅgam with the purpose of being born in the Moon (Candra) lineage.” Elsewhere Saṅgam was praised by saying that he adorned the Yadu lineage with his virtues the way the arrival of spring increases the beauty of all the seasons. Such claims make it clear that the founder of the Vijayanagar empire considered himself a Yādava.
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communities. Ranging below these are the various artisan and service groups – goldsmiths, blacksmiths, potters, barbers, washermen etc. This linkage of caste with profession is unique to the Indian caste system. Ambedkar had described caste as a "graded hierarchy" with a ascending ladder of status and a descending degree of contempt; Phule had talked of how the "ignorant Kunbi looked down on the ignorant Mahar, the ignorant Mahar scorned the ignorant Mang" – these were expressions of this hierarchy of caste, in which every group tried to claim a higher status than another.
2554:, p. 237,243: The history of South India shows clearly that all the southern royal dynasties who arose from pastoralist, cowherd groups gained Kshatriya status by claiming to be Moon lineage Kshatriyas, by taking Yadu as their ancestor, and by continually keeping alive their pride in being 'Yadavas'. Many dynasties in South India, from the Pallavas to the Yadavarayas, were originally members of pastoralist, cowherd groups and belonged to Kuruba lineages.
1612:
traditional occupation is cattle rearing and weaving of woolens. The 'Dhangad' and the 'Dhangar' are two distinct communities having no ethnic affinity at all. The
Dhangars who are shepherds have been notified as Nomadic tribe in the State of Maharashtra. Therefore, there is no printing mistake in the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Amendment) Act, 1976 through which the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 was amended.
966:. However, they were initially worshiped as a form of Shiva and underwent vaishnavization process to be worshiped as a form Vishnu. Yadava dynasties worshiped Vishnu and Shiva as a unity which are seen in the forms like Vithoba-Biroba, Vitthal-Birappa and Virupaksha-Vitthal. Emperors of Vijayanagara were devoted to both Virupaksha (earlier worshiped as Birappa) and Vitthal and built/extended their temples at both
3002:, p. 47:P. M. Chandorkar, using both literary and epigraphic sources has argued that the modern Ahirs and Gavlis - until recently cattle-keepers - should be identified with the Yadavas and Abhiras of the classical Sanskrit texts. He also notes that Khandesh, on the margin of the central Indian forests, was earlier known as the land of the Ahirs, and the local Marathi dialect continued to be called Ahirani.
238:, between 4000 and 10000 BC. The density and distribution patterns of the different groups of Dhangars seem to have been guided by the suitability of the region for the sustenance of the animals that they traditionally maintained and the products of those animals on which the specific groups subsisted. Ethno-historic investigations among the Dhangars suggest that the Kannade,
1153:, insisted cowherds, herdsmen and milksellers all over India to call themselves Yadav, adopt the last name "Yadav", and practice vegetarianism and teetotalism. Various communities, all over India, who were traditionally involved in cattle related occupations enthusiastically followed these recommendations. They claimed descendancy from the
3261:
As recent as on 17 January 2019, the
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI) wrote a letter to the Principal Secretary to the Government of Uttar Pradesh stating the difference between Dhangar and Gaderia, and that the Hindi version of the word Dhangar is धंगड़
1468:
Gaja Nach, which literally means the dance of elephant, is a traditional dance of the
Dhangars. Since it is considered auspicious, the dance is also performed at the time of temple festivals. The dancers also hold colorful scarves which when moved in a swaying manner suggest the fanning of elephant's
1089:
or Skanda, has especially one feature in common with other gods, namely that they all have two wives. One of his wife comes from the settled advanced communities who were either agricultural, but with a propensity towards cattle keeping, or the once influential merchant groups. The second wife of the
660:, especially southern Maharashtra – are continued to be called "Yāḍavas" in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Similar to them, several royal families who enhanced the magnificence of Vitthal's worship are called "Yādavas". These families elevated their traditional pastoralist god (Vitthal) into a form of
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Another example of castes' successful efforts to raise their sacred status to twice-born are the Sagar
Rajputs of Poona district. Previously they were considered to be Dhangars—shepherds by occupation and Shudras by traditional varna. However, when their economic strength increased and they began to
821:
caste. But most of them had become powerful ruling families of importance. Their political power and their lowly origin had to be reconciled by assuming a higher status for themselves. In such cases
Yaduvamsha came in very handy and hence most of the dynasties professed to belong to Yaduvamsha. This
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While the bulk of
Shivaji's men were naturally Marathas, they included not only the allied castes of Dhangars and Gowalas, shepherds and herdsmen, but many who had no claim to kinship. For example Shivaji's famous infantry was composed largely of Bhandaris and Kolis. The Ramoshis... who afterwards
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and backward classes. While the social status of
Dhangars outside Konkan region is on par with Marathas and Kunbis, in Konkan Dhangars are ranked below them. The status was determined by the essential economic importance of their occupation. Dhangars were seasonal migrants to Konkan and while they
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There are two distinct communities having similar nomenclature, one is
Dhangad which is a sub-group of Oraon, a Scheduled Tribe appearing at S.No..36 of the List of Scheduled Tribes. The traditional occupation of this community is cultivation. There is another community known as 'Dhangar' whose
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There is a great hierarchy among the OBCs. The group considering themselves "highest" are the mainly peasant castes (Jats and Kurmis in north India, Kunbis in
Maharashtra, Vellalas in south India, etc); close to these are the herding (Yadavas, Dhangars, Korbis) and gardening (Malis, Sainis)
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as per the
Gazette notification issued in 1950 by the President/Indian Government. Therefore, the Gadaria community's धनगर cannot be included in the SC category since they are not a sub-caste in Dhangar and rather belong to the OBC category in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
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and Zende reared only Sheep. However, Hatkars in Sangli district also maintained cattle and some Zendes used to maintain ponies. Thellaris herded both sheep and cattle. Sangars were weavers of woolen blankets. In the past, some Dhangars were
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of Maharashtra. It is believed that this inscription has its origin between the first and the third century AD. Multiple theories have been proposed for the origin of the word Dhangar. It may be associated with a term for "cattle wealth".
640:-Dhangars underwent an occupational change from cattle keeping to sheep pastoralism because of the operational advantages offered by the sheep/goat pastoral system in the semi-arid grasslands. The original worshippers of pastoralist god
3322:
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would mean cowstall, sheepfold, a measure of land sufficient for sheepfold, cattle pound, a hamlet, a village, a place. He observes that Hatti-Karas are descendants of Patti-Janas, people who were settled in the south of
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origin and has Dhangar roots. He is still worshiped by Dhangars in his original pastoralist form. In Dhangar traditions he survives as a Gavli cowherd and continues his relationship with Dhangar's renowned popular god
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formed the infantry of Haidar and Tipu in Mysore, were relied an for the capture of the hill forts, while the outcaste Mahars and Mangs served in his artillery, and in the garrisons of these forts - Patrick Cadell
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The political, social, and religious history of the medieval period allows us to conclude that most of the royal families who connected themselves with Yadava clan, and who connected their god (
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acquire land, they found a genealogist to trace their ancestry back to a leading officer in Shivaji's army, changed their names from Dhangars to Sagar Rajputs, and donned the sacred thread.
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Dhangari Ovi is a type of folk singing, which is about women's work songs and the epic-length performances of Dhangars, in which sung verses alternate with narrative passages in prose.
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and Biroba are considered brothers by Dhangars and they worship them as inseparable companions. However, Initially they were worshiped independently among Dhangars. Present day
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The claim to "Yaduvamsha" was very popular in ancient and medieval India. Many dynasties were eager to associate themselves with the Yaduvamsha in which was born the great hero
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maintains that it is derived from Sanskrit word Dhang which means hill. Syed Siraj-Ul-Hassan noted that some people of his time believed the term to come from the Sanskrit "
5234:
19:
This article is about the pastoral community in Maharashtra and Goa. For the similarly-named tribe and language found in Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Chhattisgarh -
632:(Kuruba) engage in sheep/goat and cattle pastoralism, in that they either herd exclusively sheep, or a mixed herd of sheep and goats, or cattle. According to Sontheimer,
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555:(cowherds) practise hypergamy, each group taking wives from the one below, causing a superfluity of women at the top and a scarcity at the bottom of the social scale.
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954:) and became the principal deity of the state during their reign. Moreover, Biroba/Birappa has been exclusively a god of the Dhangars and Kurubas. On the other hand,
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Traditionally being shepherds, cowherds, buffalo keepers, blanket and wool weavers, butchers and farmers, the Dhangars were late to take up modern-day education. In
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in the Puranas. Secondly, the Puranas family were "Yādavas" and the South Indian pastoralists were "Yāḍavas". The difference between "ḍ" and "d" is subtle, and so
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was called Bara-Hatti which means country of twelve Hatkar-Dhangars. These twelve tribes later formed three sub-divisions and one half-division. These three being
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1073:. They are not completely identical and share many common features. Historically, they may be traced back to a prototype god who made his appearance in the early
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1355:. When Brahmins are not easily available, the elders of the caste perform the ceremonies. The marriage ceremonies of Dhangars do not differ much from those of
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At present, the Dhangar community gets 3.5 per cent quota in government jobs and education under Nomadic Tribe (C) category, which comes under OBC category.
311:
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On 17 January 2019, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI) wrote a letter to the Principal Secretary to the
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The archaeological evidence and ethnographic data suggest that the contemporary Dhangar castes are the result of more than one migration from North-West
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1496:. The Dhangar community's population in Maharashtra is around 1.5 crore, which is 13% of the total 11.25 crore (112.5 million) population of the state.
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The Dhangars come under nomadic tribe category within the larger OBC quota in Maharashtra, but were promised reservation under scheduled tribes in 2014
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As one example among thousands, a small caste living partly in the Nira Valley was formerly known as Shegar Dhangar and more recently as Sagar Rajput
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is considered the best breed of ponies in Deccan. It is believed that their superior excellence is due to the Dhangar's practice of castrating them.
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of Dhangars. Historians such as P. M. Chandorkar has used epigraphical evidence to argue that Ahirs and Gavlis are representative of the ancient
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874:, his original center of worship, is still surrounded by many Dhangar settlements and displays numerous marks of previous Kannada influence.
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1430:) communities. Ranging below these are the various artisan and service groups – goldsmiths, blacksmiths, potters, barbers, washermen etc.
1607:
According to the 27th report of Standing Committee on Labour and Welfare with regards to SCs and STs order (Second Amendment) Bill, 2002:
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in Goa, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Delhi. In Maharashtra, they are classified as a
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3369:
3245:"Adivasis and the Indian State: Deliberately misclassified as SC, Dhangar tribe in UP is being deprived of its constitutional rights"
2460:"Prehistoric Background to Pastoralism in the Southern Deccan in the Light of Oral Traditions and Cults of Some Pastoral Communities"
1280:, at one point ruled by the Abhiras, was formerly known as the land of the Ahirs, and Ahirs in the present day Khandesh region speak
2625:""GIVE ME BACK MY BLANKET!" : VARKARI SAINTS STRIVING FOR THEIR BODIES (Metaphor and Metonymy in the Construction of Divinity)"
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Prof. Prabhu N Kokane,"Socio-Legal" Identification of Scheduled Castes/Tribes & Backward Classes (2007). Nanded, Maharashtra.
986:, under their care, grew from a small pastoral deity site to a major temple complex. Furthermore, Yadava Kings (Yadavarayas) of
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1102:, the pastoral class of Indian population was divided into two groups. First group was called cattle graziers which included
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27th report of Standing Committee on Labour and Welfare with regards to SCs and STs order (Second Amendment) Bill, 2002
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comes from the word Hatta-Desa, the settlement of Hatti-Karas. After the 12th century AD, the civil strife between the
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Dandekar, Ajay (August 1991). "Landscapes in Conflict: Flocks, Hero-stones, and Cult in Early Medieval Maharashtra".
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was afraid of them. It is on the historical record that for restraining the Hatkars, Nizam had sought help from the
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Malhotra, K., 1980a, "Inbreeding among the four Dhangar castes of Maharashtra. India". Collegium antropologicum, 3.
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1332:, were previously identified as shepherd by occupation and Shudra by Varna but later they changed their surname to
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or cowherd. To this original cause may perhaps be ascribed that great simplicity of manner which distinguishes the
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Saksena, R.N., and Chinchalkar, "Dhangars and Gadariyas: The Most backward divisions of Indian tribes and caste".
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Malhotra, K., 1984, "Population structure among the Dhangar caste cluster of Maharashtra", in J.R. Lukacs (ed.),
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4163:
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2139:"The ecological basis of the geographical distribution of the Dhangars a pastoral caste cluster of Maharashtra"
773:, two factors made it easy for medieval South Indian pastoralist groups to associate themselves to the famous
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belonged. First, by occupation these South Indian groups were herdsmen, cattle herders, just like the famous
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and some were tenure-holders, holding lands either by a share or by paying a lump sum for a certain period.
2285:"The Marginalization of a Dalit Martial Race in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Western India"
1665:
374:
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Prasad Satyanarain. "Modern education among the tribals of Bihar in the second half of the 19th century".
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had good and enduring relationships with farmers they provided only a valuable supplement to agriculture.
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1978:"ETYMOLOGY OF PLACE-NAMES PAṬṬI-HAṬṬI: Some observations on the History of Mahārāṣṭra & Karṇāṭaka"
1936:"ETYMOLOGY OF PLACE-NAMES PAṬṬI-HAṬṬI: Some observations on the History of Mahārāṣṭra & Karṇāṭaka"
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is the favorite god of the caste and is worshiped every Sunday and on Saturday – the light sixth of
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620:(derived from Danagara/Hattikara) refers to shepherd and Gavli means cowherd/milkman. Similarly in
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and Yaduvan means goat/sheep-herd. He further claims that Yadava is the original word and mythical
28:
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3348:"Maharashtra Dhangar community to launch statewide agitation to press for quota under ST category"
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The Gavli or Dange Dhangars found in the coastal strip practiced cattle/buffalo/sheep herding and
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1504:, had said that "The situation of the Dhangars in some areas of the state was worse than that of
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Murthy, M.L.K. (1 February 1993). "Ethnohistory of pastoralism: A study of Kuruvas and Gollas".
262:, Zende, Thellari and Dange trace their origin to a single caste in the remote past, Shegars or
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The Quotidian Revolution: Vernacularization, Religion, and the Premodern Public Sphere in India
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805:. This may not be altogether without any specific reason. It is difficult to find undisputably
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Social movements and social transformation: a study of two backward classes movements in India
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also claimed Yadava lineage. This claim legitimized the process of Aryanization. According to
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910:, where Virupa means strange looking or ugly, indicating the strange three eyes of Shiva and
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is derived from Yadava by back-formation. Similarly, Kuri means goat or sheep in Kannada and
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2100:"Haptoglobin and acid phosphatase gene distributions in the Dhangars of Maharashtra, India"
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138:, the word Danagãra means cowherd and is derived from Dana which means cattle. Dana is the
8:
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790:
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734:, the capital of Seuna Yadavas, was founded by a king who was a Dhangar Gavli. Moreover,
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Malhotra, K., 1980b, "Matrimonial distances among four Dhangar castes of Maharashtra",
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Sacred Places of a Lifetime: 500 of the World's Most Peaceful and Powerful Destinations
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refers to the two parts, Hatak for Marhätta and Karnatak for Karnätaka, in one of his
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during the Middle Ages. This region was called Hatta-Desa. He theorizes that the word
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society consist of different allied castes of several denominations such as Ahir in
226:(wool and blanket weaver)/Sangar. All sub-castes fall in either of these divisions.
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5306:
4451:
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3486:"Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis promises quota for Dhangar community"
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2296:
2111:
2027:
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1252:, call themselves Dhangar gadaria. In North India the gadaria, who call themselves
1212:. On the other hand, Dhangar society in India includes Dhangars in Maharashtra and
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Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of her majesty (10 July 1893).
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means eyes. Birappa, also known as Virappa, and Biroba are honorific versions of
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24:
1173:, a cowherd, is the hero-god of Abhiras. This effort was part of the process of
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or Bande Dhangar is a distinct sub-caste from them. Hatkars were in the army of
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and Aryanization. Soon, the adoption of the name Yadav began to take traction.
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The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity
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and are closely related to the Ladshe and Dange who have supposedly come from
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claim that they have nothing to do with the Dhangars and are descendants from
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1820:"Patterns of Variation in a Caste-Cluster of Dhangars of Maharashtra, India"
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493:
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134:" ("cattle herder") but dismissed that etymology as being "fictitious". In
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Sociology of Animal Husbandry: Studies Made in Five Villages in Karanataka
165:) is Gavli (milkman/cowherd) and Hatti means cattle pen or fold. Patti in
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Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity
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3323:"Maharashtra's OBC communities not happy with HC ruling on Maratha quota"
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god, often regarded as a concubine, comes from the pastoral communities.
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Dhangars were also known for producing fine breeds of cattle and ponies.
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Baviskar, B.S., "Co-operatives and caste in Maharashtra: A case study".
4164:"A Family Affair: Krishna comes to Pandharpur and makes Himself at Home"
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The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume IV of IV
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543:" in its narrower use is applied to a society in which Rajputs or quasi-
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version of the word Dhangar is धंगड़ (Dhangad), which is classified as
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India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India
1081:) literature of the second to fourth century AD in which he is called
1021:, they increased the splendor of the worship of Malhar, who was their
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power and epigraphic evidence suggests that Seunas too emerged from a
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respectively. According to the traditional sources, founders of the
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3461:"Demands for quotas from new groups add to Maharashtra govt's woes"
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1438:
1411:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1321:
1317:
1273:
1269:
1010:
1006:
995:
979:
971:
915:
895:
883:
794:
762:
731:
449:
445:
223:
190:'s capital) split this land into two, into Marhätta and Karnätaka.
183:
175:
143:
139:
85:
1572:
category. On the other hand, Dhangad (cultivators), also known as
416:
Dhangars are noted for their martial qualities. A large number of
5136:
5086:
5081:
5024:
5004:
4981:
4921:
4881:
4825:
4790:
4698:
4653:
4638:
4608:
4420:
4355:
3809:
The Myth of the Lokamanya: Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra
3560:
Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India (December 2002).
2441:
section: Kingship and Kshatriyization of the Pastoral Communities
1747:"Ecology of a pastoral caste: Gavli Dhangars of peninsular India"
1645:
1621:
1545:
1541:
1521:
1450:
1356:
1285:
1261:
1256:, were at one time a wing of Dhangar society. Ahir is one of the
1241:
1217:
1158:
1131:
1119:
1014:
955:
931:
879:
867:
858:
854:
838:
834:
814:
806:
778:
758:
750:
707:
691:
675:
665:
641:
540:
521:
509:
469:
425:
421:
417:
303:
299:
295:
267:
247:
135:
2912:
2742:
354:
and Zade herded sheep and wove woolen blankets. Dhangar, Hande,
5480:
5445:
5296:
5266:
5203:
5141:
5126:
5106:
5029:
4971:
4966:
4891:
4886:
4860:
4815:
4800:
4795:
4754:
4739:
4678:
4648:
4643:
4633:
4623:
4618:
4583:
4563:
4537:
4466:
4415:
3869:
Caste in India: its Nature, Function and Origins, third edition
3787:
The Politics of the Urban Poor in Early Twentieth-Century India
1714:
Global Encyclopaedic Enthnography Of Indian Muslim(3 Vols. Set)
1581:
1580:
in the states of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and
1537:
1458:
1419:
1359:
1333:
1309:
1245:
1135:
1123:
1050:
1038:
963:
947:
899:
875:
863:
818:
786:
730:) means Gavli (cowherd). According to the traditional sources,
727:
711:
661:
637:
629:
617:
605:
544:
530:
497:
477:
441:
433:
397:
393:
378:
363:
359:
355:
351:
343:
259:
243:
239:
215:
162:
154:
76:
4071:. Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India.
2410:
2408:
206:
Initially there were twelve tribes of Dhangar, and they had a
5574:
5485:
5465:
5455:
5392:
5350:
5258:
5208:
5179:
5019:
5009:
4931:
4926:
4906:
4865:
4840:
4734:
4683:
4658:
4603:
4593:
4542:
4476:
4461:
4134:
The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra
4089:
A social history of the Deccan, 1300–1761: eight Indian lives
3693:
Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research
1585:
1525:
1427:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1257:
1237:
1181:
1146:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1070:
1002:
967:
903:
822:
claim gave them a higher status they very much liked to have.
695:
653:
552:
548:
517:
513:
481:
465:
457:
453:
275:
235:
157:-Dhangar) is a compound of two words of the same meaning. In
93:
45:
1220:, and Kuruba both in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. However,
4775:
4688:
4598:
4568:
4441:
3299:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3277:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3221:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3199:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3177:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3155:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3133:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3111:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
2603:
2601:
2599:
2405:
2079:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
1365:
1154:
1142:
802:
774:
601:
429:
405:
339:
2981:
1552:
in those respective states while Bharwad is classified as
1441:(literally "father swordsman"), the guardian deity of the
990:
enhanced the worship of Venkateshwara and built/extended
142:
of Dhana, which comes from Go-dhana which means cattle in
5262:
4997:
3935:
on 5 December 2020 – via Government of Maharashtra.
3072:
Inside-Outside: Two Views of Social Change in Rural India
2963:"Govt gives another push to get ST tag for Dhangar-Gouly"
2924:
2584:
2509:
2234:
2046:
1883:
1881:
1788:"Govt gives another push to get ST tag for Dhangar-Gouly"
1648:
community's धनगर (Dhangar) should not be included in the
1516:
Dhangar vs Dhangad issue in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra
1399:
1233:
1213:
472:
in large numbers and were known for their bravery in the
456:
Dhangars or "shepherds with the spears" and were perhaps
57:
4047:
Southern India: A Guide to Monuments Sites & Museums
2793:
2754:
2706:
2694:
2596:
2545:
2482:
1910:
1908:
1636:, as per the Gazette notification issued in 1950 by the
4351:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
3092:
3029:
2730:
2684:
2682:
2499:
2497:
2383:
2381:
2224:
2222:
2209:
2207:
2168:
1684:
Singh, K. S.; India, Anthropological Survey of (1998).
1414:
in south India, etc.), close to these are the herding (
1240:
of Maharashtra prefer to be known as Ahir Dhangars and
1118:. The second group was called shepherds which included
1029:
of Khandoba was substantially enlarged by Holkar queen
88:). Some Gavlis live in forested hill tracts of India's
3416:
2805:
2667:
2393:
1878:
1866:
1141:
In the early 1920s, the leaders from the North Indian
849:, a scholar of the religious traditions of Maharashtra
596:
origin, meaning "herder". Yadu means goat or sheep in
3592:
The castes and tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's dominions
3404:
3392:
2902:
2900:
2860:
2354:
1905:
1893:
68:
in southern Maharashtra, Goa and northern Karnataka,
3440:
3017:
2848:
2679:
2655:
2629:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
2533:
2494:
2378:
2366:
2342:
2219:
2204:
2180:
2006:जयदेवी जयदेवी जयवेद माते, हाटक कर्नाटक करुणा कल्लोळी
1982:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
1940:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
1394:, The group considering themselves "highest" in the
3534:
3509:
3428:
3194:
3192:
3069:Baviskar, B. S.; Attwood, D. W. (30 October 2013).
2772:
2718:
2570:. The Mysore University, Mysore, 1935. p. 68.
2521:
2192:
1842:
1069:. All of these gods are said to be incarnations of
1017:, who were of Dhangar origin, came to power in the
702:mentions that, because of the civil strife between
612:Danagara/Hattikara/Gavli means cowherd/milkman, in
575:
254:and might have migrated to the present habitats in
3838:This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India
3806:
3005:
2993:
2897:
2156:
930:" are honorific suffixes indicating fatherhood in
476:. "Naik" and "Rao" were the titles given to them.
210:amongst brothers of one family. The nation around
2779:. National Geographic Society. pp. 123–124.
2064:Critical Enquiry Vol.VI Issue IV. Oct.- Dec. 2014
1854:
1488:but in 2014 were seeking to be reclassified as a
1347:for religious and ceremonial purposes, and these
5592:
3964:Gonds Of The Central Indian Highlands, Volume II
3189:
3128:
3126:
2458:Sontheimer, Günther D.; Murty, M. L. K. (1980).
1057:and northwestern Andhra Pradesh are devotees of
496:, belonged to the Hatkar Dhangar sub-caste, the
3068:
2457:
1971:
1969:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
962:are derived from the same god and are forms of
4297:, Vol. I No 4, Calcutta, 1958, pp. 22–25.
3988:A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India
3150:
3148:
2136:
5235:
4371:
4215:Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991
3931:. Maharashtra State Gazetteer. Archived from
3123:
2091:
1711:Mishra, N. K. Singh and A. P. (August 2008).
628:is synonymous with Gavli but both Gollas and
565:William Wyse Professor of Social Anthropology
529:Colonel Tone, Commander of a regiment in the
436:Dhangars, who are found mainly in the former
411:
31:. For the town in Sagar district, India, see
3920:– via Anthropological Survey of India.
3762:
3633:– via Anthropological Survey of India.
3294:
3292:
3238:
3236:
1966:
1806:
1731:
516:or farmer, The Dhangar or shepherd, and the
4096:, vol. 8, Cambridge University Press,
3145:
2826:"Yadavas hail restoration of 'Golla Mirasi"
2074:
2072:
2070:
1620:stating the difference between Dhangar and
1351:are received on terms of equality by other
1093:
950:origin. Virupaksha was their family deity (
668:and accorded high prestige to his worship.
460:or mounted troopers during the time of the
5242:
5228:
4378:
4364:
4005:
3939:
3813:. University of California Press. p.
3047:
2823:
2590:
2240:
2052:
1683:
1520:Dhangar (shepherds) is a sub-caste of the
1304:varna in hindu varna system. According to
906:. Virupaksha is a sanskritized version of
686:respectively. Furthermore, Hoysalas was a
508:"The three great tribes which compose the
4236:(1989). Sontheimer, Gunther-Dietz (ed.).
4019:
3289:
3272:
3270:
3233:
3216:
3214:
3172:
3170:
2918:
2622:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2282:
1465:are other popular gods amongst Dhangars.
4265:. Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group).
4232:
4158:
4109:
3876:
3637:
3458:
3316:
3314:
3098:
3035:
2811:
2736:
2618:
2616:
2515:
2399:
2174:
2137:Gadgil, Madhav; Malhotra, K. C. (1981).
2097:
2067:
2017:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1887:
1872:
1817:
1744:
1656:category in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
1398:category are mainly the peasant castes (
1366:Affirmative action: Reservation in India
1284:dialect which is continued to be called
1085:. Murukan, who is later identified with
1005:worshiped by Dhangars in Maharashtra is
817:. Most of the dynasties belonged to the
738:are traditionally called "Gavli Kings".
678:were originally pastoralists, and ruled
373:
229:
4130:
4043:
4015:. Archaeological Survey of India, 2014.
3804:
3422:
3398:
3104:
2881:General Report on Census of India, 1891
2866:
2673:
2252:
1457:is worshiped daily in every household.
5593:
4068:Celebration of life:Indian folk dances
3924:
3907:People of India: Maharashtra, Volume 1
3862:
3783:
3741:
3710:
3661:
3644:The Tribes and Castes of Bombay, Vol 1
3620:People of India: Maharashtra, Volume 2
3588:
3410:
3367:
3341:
3339:
3267:
3242:
3211:
3167:
3023:
2987:
2930:
2446:
2414:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2228:
1914:
1899:
1848:
1710:
5223:
4359:
4293:Chaubey Ganesh, "The Dhangar Songs",
4085:
4064:
3960:
3943:Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia
3900:
3686:
3616:
3535:Government of India (31 March 2020).
3510:Government of India (31 March 2020).
3459:Kulkarni, Dhaval (10 February 2014).
3452:
3446:
3434:
3320:
3311:
3051:Land Tenure and Peasant in South Asia
2854:
2799:
2760:
2748:
2724:
2712:
2700:
2688:
2661:
2613:
2607:
2567:The Mysore Tribes and Castes Volume 1
2551:
2539:
2503:
2488:
2387:
2213:
2186:
1975:
1933:
1920:
1316:though 15 percent resembles those of
1216:, Gadaria in North India, Bharwad in
551:(farmers), Dhangars (shepherds), and
258:at different points of time. Whereas
121:" is inscribed in a Buddhist cave in
4258:
4211:
3981:
3831:
3537:2011 Census of India Scheduled Tribe
3512:2011 Census of India Scheduled Caste
3011:
2999:
2563:
2527:
2198:
2162:
1548:. Gadaria, Kuruba are classified as
1475:
1449:day – with offerings of sweetmeats.
1065:in Andhra Pradesh are worshipers of
694:-speaking background. In one of his
504:say that he was a Khutekar Dhangar.
92:. However, there are many distinct
4184:
4012:Socio-economic Archaeology of India
3345:
3336:
3179:Central List of OBCs Madhya Pradesh
2942:
2906:
1860:
1484:, the Dhangars are classified as a
1328:The Shegar Dhangars, also known as
902:are the same god and are a form of
714:(Hatta-Desa) was split into Hatak (
13:
4385:
4280:
4094:The New Cambridge History of India
3223:Central List of OBCs Uttar Pradesh
3075:. SAGE Publications. p. 389.
2824:Rangarajan, A. d. (12 June 2020).
1717:. Global Vision Publishing House.
1652:category and rather belong to the
813:dynasties, particularly after the
329:
14:
5632:
4335:
4239:Pastoral Deities in Western India
4116:. Associated Publishing Company.
4029:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
3841:. University of CaliforniaPress.
3696:. Oxford University Press, 2011.
3346:Jog, Sanjay (21 September 2020).
3243:Nangal, Preeti (29 August 2019).
1818:Malhotra, K. C. (December 2001).
1659:
1296:The Dhangars are the main stream
400:named Gowdia who owned cattle in
44:are caste of people found in the
3928:Maharashtra: Land and its people
3279:Central List of OBCs Uttarakhand
3201:Central List of OBCs Chattisgarh
3048:Frykenberg, Robert Eric (1984).
2943:Rao, M. S. A. (29 August 1964).
2081:Central List of OBCs Maharashtra
1576:, Dhanka and Dom, are listed as
841:, arose from pastoralist groups.
827:Historian A. V. Narasimha Murthy
741:Apart from Seunas and Hoysalas,
576:Relationship with Deccan Yadavas
480:were a dread to others and even
404:. Similarly, Dhangar or Khilari
396:, was pioneered by a Dhangar of
3582:
3553:
3528:
3503:
3478:
3361:
3062:
3041:
2955:
2936:
2872:
2817:
2766:
2557:
2276:
2246:
2130:
2058:
2011:
1291:
872:Temple of Vitthal at Pandharpur
306:-Dhangar, having migrated from
201:
27:(Kurukh language dialect), see
3991:. Cambridge University Press.
3967:. Concept Publishing Company.
3790:. Cambridge University Press.
3769:. Cambridge University Press.
3647:. Asian Educational Services.
3595:. Asian Educational Services.
3589:Hassan, Syed Siraj ul (1989).
3368:Omvedt, Gail (10 April 2012).
3321:Ghoge, Ketaki (28 June 2019).
3135:Central List of OBCs Karnataka
2098:Malhotra, K. C. (April 1977).
1780:
1745:Malhotra, K. C. (March 1982).
1704:
1677:
1:
5425:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
5275:Maratha and associated groups
4401:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
4262:Nomads in the Sedentary World
3886:. Columbia University Press.
2977:– via Associated Press.
2949:Economic and Political Weekly
1802:– via Associated Press.
1670:
1502:Chief Minister of Maharashtra
1374:, Dhangars are classified as
432:Dhangars. On the other hand,
322:, the remaining groups speak
161:, the meaning of Hatti-Kara (
5611:Social groups of Maharashtra
3805:Cashman, Richard I. (1975).
3766:Caste, Conflict and Ideology
3157:Central List of OBCs Gujarat
2773:National Geographic (2008).
2289:The Journal of Asian Studies
1666:List of Kurubas and Dhangars
1644:. They recommended that the
1596:Dhangad or Dom is listed as
644:– the Gollas and Kurubas of
392:, a mixture with a breed of
112:
7:
5315:Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmins
4242:. Oxford University Press.
4218:. University of Cambridge.
3763:O'Hanlon, Rosalind (2002).
3674:. Sundeep Prakashan, 1978.
2945:"Caste and the Indian Army"
1690:. Oxford University Press.
1618:Government of Uttar Pradesh
1568:category within the larger
1540:caste in Karnataka and the
1312:of Dhangars are similar to
1268:mentioned in the classical
1037:. Similar to Dhangars, the
488:. While some sources claim
318:and probably migrated from
10:
5637:
5320:Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmins
4998:Immigrant Jain communities
3872:. Oxford University Press.
3301:Central List of OBCs Delhi
2751:, p. 237,239,240,267.
2429:10.1177/025764309300900102
2283:Constable, Philip (2001).
2146:South Asian Anthropologist
2032:10.1177/025764309100700207
1663:
1564:, the Dhangars come under
1433:
847:Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere
412:Role in the Maratha Empire
107:
64:. They are referred to as
18:
5562:
5536:
5500:
5433:
5417:
5401:
5380:
5364:
5338:
5330:Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins
5305:
5274:
5162:
5052:
4944:
4874:
4768:
4707:
4556:
4520:
4429:
4393:
4347:Pastoral People Worldwide
4131:Zelliot, Eleanor (1988).
4086:Eaton, Richard M (2005),
3940:Sontheimer, G.D. (1975).
2623:Glushkova, Irina (2000).
2262:. Library of Alexandria.
1224:is a distinct caste from
1151:All-India Yadav Mahasabha
982:the temple of Vitthal at
608:means shepherd. While in
381:used by Dhangar tribe of
84:in northern Maharashtra (
4430:Agricultural communities
4312:The People of South Asia
4305:South Asian Anthropology
4110:Vignesha, M. S. (1993).
4044:Michell, George (2014).
3784:Gooptu, Nandini (2001).
3567:(Report). Archived from
3542:(Report). Archived from
3517:(Report). Archived from
3303:(Report). Archived from
3281:(Report). Archived from
3225:(Report). Archived from
3203:(Report). Archived from
3181:(Report). Archived from
3159:(Report). Archived from
3137:(Report). Archived from
3115:(Report). Archived from
3113:Central List of OBCs Goa
3054:. Manohar. p. 197.
2886:(Report). Archived from
2083:(Report). Archived from
1824:Collegium Antropologicum
1094:Relationship with Yadavs
588:etymology. According to
29:Dhangar (disambiguation)
4290:, XVIII:2:1969:148-166.
4160:Novetzke, Christian Lee
3878:Novetzke, Christian Lee
3742:Erdosy, George (1995).
1556:in Gujarat, in India's
1386:category. According to
1248:(Madhya Pradesh), like
1149:community, who founded
569:University of Cambridge
222:or Dange (cowherd) and
33:Dhangar, Madhya Pradesh
16:Shepherd caste in India
5325:Gaud Saraswat Brahmins
5287:Gomantak Maratha Samaj
4730:Gomantak Maratha Samaj
4521:Mercantile communities
3925:Pathak, A. S. (2009).
3668:The Shepherds of India
2921:, p. 189,194-196.
1614:
1188:, Thetwar and Raot in
1145:and the Maharashtrian
942:, who belonged to the
878:worship these gods as
852:
830:
573:
536:
385:
153:, Hatakara-Dhanagara (
74:in Andhra Pradesh and
5528:Mangalorean Catholics
5072:Maharashtrian Muslims
4528:Gaud Saraswat Brahmin
4288:Sociological Bulletin
4021:Jaffrelot, Christophe
3961:Mehta, B. M. (1984).
3910:. Popular Prakashan.
3748:. Walter de Gruyter.
3623:. Popular Prakashan.
3617:Bhanu, B. V. (2004).
3354:on 10 November 2020.
3329:on 10 November 2020.
2256:(28 September 2020).
1976:Joshi, S. B. (1952).
1934:Joshi, S. B. (1952).
1609:
1558:system of reservation
1494:system of reservation
1372:system of reservation
1336:and started wearing
831:
799:
537:
506:
377:
298:. On the other hand,
286:, a mixed dialect of
250:were originally from
230:Historical migrations
5616:Social groups of Goa
4328:, XXV:2: 1977:14–17.
4321:, LI:4:1971:365-393.
4259:Wink, Andre (2001).
4212:Guha, Sumit (2006).
4194:. Delhi: Macmillan.
4065:Jiwan, Pani (2000).
4007:Dhavalikar, Madhukar
3141:on 22 December 2018.
2254:Russell, Robert Vane
2087:on 10 November 2020.
1654:Other Backward Class
1570:Other Backward Class
1550:Other Backward Class
1396:Other Backward Class
1384:Other Backward Class
1382:, which comes under
1376:Other Backward Class
1272:works. Furthermore,
1100:1891 Census of India
992:Venkateshwara Temple
584:does not have known
494:Maratha Indore state
342:, Halmat, Khutekar,
336:shifting cultivation
5570:Caste system in Goa
5508:Bombay East Indians
5492:Siddis of Karnataka
5192:Bombay East Indians
4875:Nomadic communities
4557:Artisan communities
3946:. O. Harrassowitz.
3902:Singh, Kumar Suresh
3717:The World of Nomads
3712:Shashi, Shyam Singh
3663:Shashi, Shyam Singh
3574:on 24 October 2020.
3549:on 7 November 2013.
3524:on 20 October 2020.
3307:on 20 October 2020.
3285:on 20 October 2020.
3229:on 20 October 2020.
3207:on 20 October 2020.
3185:on 20 October 2020.
3163:on 20 October 2020.
3119:on 20 October 2020.
2990:, p. 29,44,47.
2893:on 28 October 2020.
2564:Iyer, L.K. (1988).
2104:Journal of Genetics
1687:India's Communities
940:Vijayanagara Empire
745:'s founders of the
743:Vijayanagara Empire
590:Franklin Southworth
547:, at the top, with
539:In fact, the word "
486:British Indian army
180:Yadavas of Devagiri
128:Bhagwan Lal Indraji
5372:Chitpavan Brahmins
5292:Naik Maratha Samaj
5187:Marathi Christians
5117:Muslim Chhaparband
5053:Muslim communities
4769:Tribal communities
4708:Priest communities
4342:Dhangar gotra list
3864:Hutton, John Henry
3490:The Economic Times
3376:on 15 October 2020
2969:. 9 September 2020
2967:The Times of India
2933:, p. 205–210.
2802:, p. 241-245.
2763:, p. 238-242.
2715:, p. 243-244.
2703:, p. 241,242.
2610:, p. 246,247.
2491:, p. 237-238.
2417:Studies in History
2116:10.1007/BF02984224
2020:Studies in History
1794:. 9 September 2020
1792:The Times of India
1766:10.1007/BF01531107
1306:Shyam Singh Shashi
563:, former chair of
428:footmen were West-
386:
364:Kurmar-hattikankan
312:Sanskrit and Hindi
208:division of labour
5588:
5587:
5518:Karwari Catholics
5217:
5216:
5175:Marathi Buddhists
5163:Other communities
5048:
5047:
4940:
4939:
4394:Hindu Communities
4225:978-0-521-02870-7
4123:978-81-85211-33-6
4103:978-0-521-25484-7
4036:978-1-85065-670-8
3893:978-0-231-54241-8
3833:Guha, Ramachandra
3824:978-0-52002-407-6
3797:978-0-521-44366-1
3776:978-0-521-52308-0
3727:978-81-8382-051-6
3688:Dhere, Ramchandra
3602:978-81-206-0488-9
2786:978-1-4262-0336-7
2591:Dhavalikar (2014)
2518:, pp. 51–54.
2241:Sontheimer (1975)
2053:Sontheimer (1975)
1724:978-81-8220-297-9
1697:978-0-19-563354-2
1642:Indian Government
1600:whereas Oraon as
1498:Devendra Fadnavis
1476:Current situation
1422:) and gardening (
1161:, hence the term
1098:According to the
793:"Yāḍavas" became
761:, and rulers of
710:, the country of
592:, it might be of
561:John Henry Hutton
492:, Founder of the
490:Malhar Rao Holkar
344:Kurmar-Unnikankan
314:. Telangi speaks
282:", also known as
80:in Karnataka and
5628:
5563:Related articles
5244:
5237:
5230:
5221:
5220:
4995:
4994:
4945:Jain communities
4427:
4426:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4357:
4356:
4276:
4253:
4229:
4205:
4181:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4127:
4106:
4082:
4061:
4040:
4016:
4002:
3978:
3957:
3936:
3921:
3897:
3873:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3828:
3812:
3801:
3780:
3759:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3707:
3683:
3673:
3658:
3634:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3566:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3541:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3516:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3372:. Archived from
3365:
3359:
3358:
3350:. Archived from
3343:
3334:
3333:
3325:. Archived from
3318:
3309:
3308:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3274:
3265:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2919:Jaffrelot (2003)
2916:
2910:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2885:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2832:. Archived from
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2620:
2611:
2605:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2470:(1/2): 163–184.
2455:
2444:
2443:
2412:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2217:
2211:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2076:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1931:
1918:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1815:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1751:
1742:
1729:
1728:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1681:
1578:Scheduled Tribes
1506:Scheduled Tribes
1410:in Maharashtra,
1406:in north India,
1343:Dhangars employ
1308:, 80 percent of
1300:, they resemble
1053:in northwestern
1041:in southwestern
1035:Tukojirao Holkar
1033:and her general
1031:Ahilyabai Holkar
1001:Another form of
850:
828:
777:family from the
718:) and Karnatak (
656:and Dhangars of
571:
534:
440:, especially in
420:'s most trusted
104:is one of them.
5636:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5558:
5549:Konkani Muslims
5532:
5523:Koli Christians
5501:Roman Catholics
5496:
5461:Gauda and Kunbi
5429:
5413:
5397:
5376:
5360:
5334:
5301:
5270:
5248:
5218:
5213:
5197:Koli Christians
5158:
5122:Muslim Raj Gond
5097:Deccani Muslims
5060:Konkani Muslims
5044:
4993:
4936:
4870:
4764:
4703:
4552:
4516:
4425:
4406:Marathi Brahmin
4389:
4384:
4338:
4283:
4281:Further reading
4273:
4250:
4226:
4202:
4178:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4124:
4104:
4079:
4058:
4037:
3999:
3975:
3954:
3918:
3894:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3825:
3798:
3777:
3756:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3720:. Lotus Press.
3704:
3671:
3655:
3639:Enthoven, R. E.
3631:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3571:
3564:
3558:
3554:
3546:
3539:
3533:
3529:
3521:
3514:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3469:
3467:
3457:
3453:
3445:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3421:
3417:
3409:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3379:
3377:
3370:"Who are OBCs?"
3366:
3362:
3344:
3337:
3319:
3312:
3297:
3290:
3275:
3268:
3254:
3252:
3241:
3234:
3219:
3212:
3197:
3190:
3175:
3168:
3153:
3146:
3131:
3124:
3109:
3105:
3099:Enthoven (1990)
3097:
3093:
3083:
3067:
3063:
3046:
3042:
3036:Feldhaus (1989)
3034:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2917:
2913:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2883:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2836:on 14 June 2020
2822:
2818:
2812:Novetzke (2016)
2810:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2737:Novetzke (2005)
2735:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2687:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2621:
2614:
2606:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2516:Novetzke (2016)
2514:
2510:
2502:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2456:
2447:
2413:
2406:
2400:Vignesha (1993)
2398:
2394:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2329:
2327:
2301:10.2307/2659700
2281:
2277:
2270:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2220:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2175:Enthoven (1990)
2173:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2096:
2092:
2077:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2016:
2012:
1974:
1967:
1932:
1921:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1888:Feldhaus (1989)
1886:
1879:
1873:Enthoven (1990)
1871:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1816:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1749:
1743:
1732:
1725:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1650:Scheduled Caste
1630:Scheduled Caste
1624:, and that the
1602:Scheduled Tribe
1598:Scheduled Caste
1554:Scheduled Tribe
1518:
1490:Scheduled Tribe
1478:
1436:
1392:Bharat Patankar
1370:As per India's
1368:
1294:
1274:Khandesh region
1208:, and Gopas in
1175:Sanskritization
1157:dynasty of the
1096:
944:Sangama dynasty
851:
845:
829:
826:
747:Sangama dynasty
676:Hoysala Yadavas
578:
572:
559:
535:
533:'s army in 1798
528:
452:, are known as
414:
390:Khillari cattle
332:
330:Past occupation
232:
204:
115:
110:
86:Khandesh region
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5634:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5601:Herding castes
5586:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5580:Konkani people
5577:
5572:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5513:Goan Catholics
5510:
5504:
5502:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5247:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5224:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5172:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4411:Pathare Prabhu
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4387:Marathi people
4383:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4344:
4337:
4336:External links
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4298:
4291:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4271:
4255:
4254:
4248:
4234:Feldhaus, Anne
4230:
4224:
4209:
4200:
4182:
4176:
4170:. SUNY Press.
4156:
4143:
4137:. SUNY Press.
4128:
4122:
4107:
4102:
4083:
4077:
4062:
4056:
4050:. Roli Books.
4041:
4035:
4017:
4003:
3997:
3979:
3973:
3958:
3952:
3937:
3922:
3916:
3898:
3892:
3874:
3860:
3847:
3829:
3823:
3802:
3796:
3781:
3775:
3760:
3754:
3739:
3726:
3708:
3702:
3684:
3659:
3653:
3635:
3629:
3614:
3601:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3552:
3527:
3502:
3477:
3451:
3449:, p. 292.
3439:
3427:
3425:, p. 117.
3423:Zelliot (1988)
3415:
3413:, p. 169.
3403:
3399:Cashman (1975)
3391:
3360:
3335:
3310:
3288:
3266:
3232:
3210:
3188:
3166:
3144:
3122:
3103:
3101:, p. 317.
3091:
3081:
3061:
3040:
3038:, p. 105.
3028:
3016:
3004:
2992:
2980:
2954:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2909:, p. 141.
2896:
2871:
2867:Michell (2014)
2859:
2857:, p. 239.
2847:
2816:
2804:
2792:
2785:
2765:
2753:
2741:
2739:, p. 116.
2729:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2691:, p. 237.
2678:
2676:, p. 170.
2674:Zelliot (1988)
2666:
2664:, p. 248.
2654:
2635:(1/4): 15–34.
2612:
2595:
2593:, p. 274.
2583:
2576:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2530:, p. 231.
2520:
2508:
2506:, p. 247.
2493:
2481:
2445:
2404:
2392:
2390:, p. 241.
2377:
2365:
2363:, p. 266.
2353:
2341:
2295:(2): 439–478.
2275:
2268:
2245:
2243:, p. 139.
2233:
2218:
2216:, p. 498.
2203:
2201:, p. 295.
2191:
2189:, p. 747.
2179:
2177:, p. 321.
2167:
2155:
2129:
2090:
2066:
2057:
2055:, p. 140.
2045:
2026:(2): 301–324.
2010:
1988:(1/4): 41–56.
1965:
1946:(1/4): 41–56.
1919:
1917:, p. 166.
1904:
1902:, p. 183.
1892:
1890:, p. 101.
1877:
1875:, p. 368.
1865:
1863:, p. 129.
1853:
1841:
1805:
1779:
1760:(1): 107–143.
1730:
1723:
1703:
1696:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1664:Main article:
1661:
1660:Notable people
1658:
1530:Madhya Pradesh
1517:
1514:
1477:
1474:
1435:
1432:
1367:
1364:
1293:
1290:
1202:Andhra Pradesh
1190:Madhya Pradesh
1165:, through the
1095:
1092:
1043:Andhra Pradesh
1019:Maratha Empire
988:Tondaimandalam
843:
824:
726:, Hatti-Kara (
646:Andhra Pradesh
577:
574:
557:
526:
512:caste are the
502:Holkar dynasty
474:Maratha Empire
462:Maratha Empire
413:
410:
331:
328:
320:Andhra Pradesh
231:
228:
203:
200:
114:
111:
109:
106:
82:Gavli Dhangars
62:Madhya Pradesh
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5633:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5555:
5552:
5550:
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5545:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5499:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5255:social groups
5252:
5251:Ethnic groups
5245:
5240:
5238:
5233:
5231:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
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5128:
5125:
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5115:
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5110:
5108:
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5103:
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5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
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5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5041:
5038:
5036:
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5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4952:Marathi Jains
4950:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
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4807:
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4802:
4799:
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4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
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4771:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
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4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4694:Twashta Kasar
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
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4632:
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4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4594:Dhobi (Parit)
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
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4536:
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4526:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4376:
4374:
4369:
4367:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4274:
4272:9780203037201
4268:
4264:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4249:9780195055009
4245:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4203:
4201:9780333902554
4197:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4186:Rao, M. S. A.
4183:
4179:
4177:0-7914-6415-6
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4146:
4144:0-88706-662-3
4140:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4063:
4059:
4057:9788174369208
4053:
4049:
4048:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3998:9781108068765
3994:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3974:9788170228509
3970:
3966:
3965:
3959:
3955:
3953:9783447015523
3949:
3945:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3919:
3917:9788179911006
3913:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3850:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3755:9783110144475
3751:
3747:
3746:
3740:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3703:9780199777648
3699:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3654:9788120606302
3650:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3630:9788179911013
3626:
3622:
3621:
3615:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3466:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3443:
3437:, p. 63.
3436:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3412:
3411:Hassan (1989)
3407:
3401:, p. 11.
3400:
3395:
3388:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3342:
3340:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3271:
3263:
3250:
3249:Firstpost.com
3246:
3239:
3237:
3228:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3193:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3171:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3127:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3095:
3088:
3084:
3082:9788132118657
3078:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3026:, p. 34.
3025:
3024:Shashi (2011)
3020:
3014:, p. 83.
3013:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2989:
2988:Shashi (2011)
2984:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2931:Gooptu (2001)
2927:
2920:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2869:, p. 78.
2868:
2863:
2856:
2851:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2814:, p. 94.
2813:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2769:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2727:, p. 82.
2726:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2675:
2670:
2663:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2587:
2579:
2577:9780836425352
2573:
2569:
2568:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2409:
2402:, p. 47.
2401:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2375:, p. 15.
2374:
2373:Shashi (2011)
2369:
2362:
2361:Erdosy (1995)
2357:
2351:, p. 19.
2350:
2349:Hutton (1961)
2345:
2338:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2269:9781465583024
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2231:, p. 52.
2230:
2229:Pathak (2009)
2225:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2195:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2171:
2165:, p. 84.
2164:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1915:Hassan (1989)
1911:
1909:
1901:
1900:Shashi (2006)
1896:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1851:, p. 47.
1850:
1849:Shashi (2011)
1845:
1837:
1833:
1830:(2): 425–42.
1829:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:Human Ecology
1748:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1634:Uttar Pradesh
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1566:Nomadic Tribe
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:Nomadic Tribe
1483:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:Nomadic Tribe
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1338:sacred thread
1335:
1331:
1330:Sagar Rajputs
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:Dhangar Gavli
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:, Idaiyan in
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
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1113:
1109:
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1101:
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1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:Jejuri temple
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
960:Venkateshwara
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
856:
848:
842:
840:
836:
823:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:Seuna Yadavas
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:Indo European
583:
570:
566:
562:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
532:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
384:
380:
376:
372:
370:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:Sagar Rajputs
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:Narmada River
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:According to
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
123:Pune district
120:
105:
103:
102:Dhangar Gavli
99:
95:
91:
90:Western Ghats
87:
83:
79:
78:
73:
72:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
5544:Goan Muslims
5450:
5409:Vaishya Vani
5365:Konkanasthas
5356:Bhatt Prabhu
5015:Jaiswal Jain
4917:Phase Pardhi
4750:Kudaldeshkar
4548:Vaishya Vani
4456:
4325:
4319:Man in India
4318:
4311:
4304:
4294:
4287:
4261:
4238:
4214:
4190:
4167:
4150:20 September
4148:. Retrieved
4133:
4112:
4088:
4067:
4046:
4025:
4011:
3987:
3983:Watt, George
3963:
3942:
3933:the original
3927:
3906:
3882:
3868:
3852:. Retrieved
3837:
3808:
3786:
3765:
3744:
3731:. Retrieved
3716:
3692:
3667:
3643:
3619:
3606:. Retrieved
3591:
3583:Bibliography
3569:the original
3555:
3544:the original
3530:
3519:the original
3505:
3495:20 September
3493:. Retrieved
3489:
3480:
3468:. Retrieved
3464:
3454:
3447:Dhere (2011)
3442:
3435:Jiwan (2000)
3430:
3418:
3406:
3394:
3385:
3378:. Retrieved
3374:the original
3363:
3355:
3352:the original
3330:
3327:the original
3305:the original
3283:the original
3260:
3253:. Retrieved
3248:
3227:the original
3205:the original
3183:the original
3161:the original
3139:the original
3117:the original
3106:
3094:
3086:
3071:
3064:
3055:
3050:
3043:
3031:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2966:
2957:
2948:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2888:the original
2874:
2862:
2855:Dhere (2011)
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2834:the original
2829:
2819:
2807:
2800:Dhere (2011)
2795:
2775:
2768:
2761:Dhere (2011)
2756:
2749:Dhere (2011)
2744:
2732:
2725:Eaton (2005)
2720:
2713:Dhere (2011)
2708:
2701:Dhere (2011)
2696:
2689:Dhere (2011)
2669:
2662:Dhere (2011)
2657:
2632:
2628:
2608:Dhere (2011)
2586:
2566:
2559:
2552:Dhere (2011)
2547:
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