Dialectical materialism

3976:...when presented as guidelines for a philosophy of change, not as dogmatic precepts true by fiat, the three classical laws of dialectics embody a holistic vision that views change as interaction among components of complete systems and sees the components themselves not as a priori entities, but as both products and inputs to the system. Thus, the law of "interpenetrating opposites" records the inextricable interdependence of components: the "transformation of quantity to quality" defends a systems-based view of change that translates incremental inputs into alterations of state, and the "negation of negation" describes the direction given to history because complex systems cannot revert exactly to previous states. 3964:

leave an important trace. Remember that being and becoming are dual aspects of nature. Remember that conditions change and that the conditions necessary to the initiation of some process may be destroyed by the process itself. Remember to pay attention to real objects in time and space and not lose them in utterly idealized abstractions. Remember that the qualitative effects of context and interaction may be lost when phenomena are isolated". And above all else, "Remember that all the other caveats are only reminders and warning signs whose application to different circumstances of the real world is contingent."

3988:. They wrote that "history, as Hegel said, moves upward in a spiral of negations", and that "punctuated equilibria is a model for discontinuous tempos of change (in) the process of speciation and the deployment of species in geological time." They noted that "the law of transformation of quantity into quality... holds that a new quality emerges in a leap as the slow accumulation of quantitative changes, long resisted by a stable system, finally forces it rapidly from one state into another", a phenomenon described in some disciplines as a 2586:. There Marx says he intends to use Hegelian dialectics but in revised form. He defends Hegel against those who view him as a "dead dog" and then says, "I openly avowed myself as the pupil of that mighty thinker Hegel". Marx credits Hegel with "being the first to present form of working in a comprehensive and conscious manner". But he then criticizes Hegel for turning dialectics upside down: "With him it is standing on its head. It must be turned right side up again, if you would discover the rational kernel within the mystical shell.". 3589:

time, to raise life to a higher level and enrich it. This is the reason for the struggle with space and time, at the basis of which lies the struggle to subject matter to man—matter, which constitutes the foundation not only of everything that really exists, but also of all imagination ... Every science is an accumulation of knowledge, based on experience relating to matter, to its properties; an accumulation of generalised understanding of how to subject this matter to the interests and needs of man.

3383: 2138: 53: 4152: 3407: 2666:, development, and transformation. Some scholars have doubted that Engels' "dialectics of nature" is a legitimate extension of Marx's approach to social processes. Other scholars have argued that despite Marx's insistence that humans are natural beings in an evolving, mutual relationship with the rest of nature, Marx's own writings pay inadequate attention to the ways in which human agency is constrained by such factors as biology, geography, and ecology. 2715:

as corpuscular and wave properties; this, moreover, cleared the path for a “drama of ideas” in physical science, whereby the opposition and synthesis of corpuscular and wave theories characterized scientific progress. The most basic expression of the unity and struggle of opposites in the world of commodity capitalism is that of use value and value; the most highly developed oppositions in capitalism are the working class and the bourgeoisie,

3625: 2838: 2803:. There Marx wrote this: "The knell of capitalist private property sounds. The expropriators are expropriated. The capitalist mode of appropriation, the result of the capitalist mode of production, produces capitalist private property. This is the first negation of individual private property ... But capitalist production begets, with the inexorability of a law of Nature, its own negation. It is the negation of negation." 2256:, the materialist perspective of Marxist dialectics emphasizes that contradictions in material phenomena could be resolved with dialectical analysis, from which is synthesized the solution that resolves the contradiction, whilst retaining the essence of the phenomena. Marx proposed that the most effective solution to the problems caused by contradiction was to address the contradiction and then rearrange the systems of 3395: 2162: 5761: 2150: 3821:...the premise of dialectical materialism is, we recall: 'It is not men's consciousness that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their social existence that determines their consciousness'.... Only when the core of existence stands revealed as a social process can existence be seen as the product, albeit the hitherto unconscious product, of human activity. (§5) 3542:'Matter disappears' means that the limit within which we have hitherto known matter disappears, and that our knowledge is penetrating deeper; properties of matter are disappearing that formerly seemed absolute, immutable, and primary, and which are now revealed to be relative and characteristic only of certain states of matter. For the 2806:

Z. A. Jordan notes, "Engels made constant use of the metaphysical insight that the higher level of existence emerges from and has its roots in the lower; that the higher level constitutes a new order of being with its irreducible laws; and that this process of evolutionary advance is governed by laws

2787:

from whom Aristotle, Hegel, and Engels inherited the concept. For all these authors, one of the main illustrations is the phase transitions of water. There has also been an effort to apply this mechanism to social phenomena, whereby population increases result in changes in social structure. The law

2612:

schema. He explicitly rejects the idea of Hegel's followers that history can be understood as "a person apart, a metaphysical subject of which real human individuals are but the bearers". To interpret history as though previous social formations have somehow been aiming themselves toward the present

2602:

of ideas but with "the material world", the world of production and other economic activity. For Marx, a contradiction can be solved by a desperate struggle to change the social world. This was a very important transformation because it allowed him to move dialectics out of the contextual subject of

4981:

The sudden conversion into a change of quality of a change which was apparently merely quantitative had already attracted the attention of the ancients who illustrated in popular examples the contradiction arising from ignorance of this fact; they are familiar under the names of 'the bald' and 'the

4066:

and the Theory of Relativity in Beijing and Shanghai. Once Fang published his theory, some of the critics of the Theory of Relativity, especially a group based in Shanghai, prepared to attack Fang politically. However, by this time the "leftist" line was declining in the Chinese academia. Professor

4057:

At the time, conducting research on relativity theory and cosmology in China was very risky politically, because these theories were considered to be "idealistic" theories in contradiction with the dialectical materialism theory, which is the official philosophy of the Communist Party. According to

3963:

Dialectical materialism is not, and never has been, a programmatic method for solving particular physical problems. Rather, a dialectical analysis provides an overview and a set of warning signs against particular forms of dogmatism and narrowness of thought. It tells us, "Remember that history may

3562:); "metaphysical materialism" (matter composed of immutable particles); and 19th-century "mechanical materialism" (matter as random molecules interacting per the laws of mechanics). The philosophic solution that Lenin (and Engels) proposed was "dialectical materialism", wherein matter is defined as 3468:

Lenin develops these in a further series of notes, and appears to argue that "the transition of quantity into quality and vice versa" is an example of the unity and opposition of opposites expressed tentatively as "not only the unity of opposites but the transitions of every determination, quality,

2714:

For example, in biological evolution the formation of new forms of life occurs precisely through the unity and struggle of opposites in heredity and variability. In physical processes the nature of light was explained precisely by means of the unity and struggle of opposites appearing, for example,

3583:

It is the task of science and technology to make matter subject to man, together with space and time, which are inseparable from matter. True, there are certain idealist books—not of a clerical character, but philosophical ones—wherein you can read that time and space are categories of our minds,

3588:

pm train, should turn up two minutes late, he would see the tail of the departing train and would be convinced by his own eyes that time and space are inseparable from material reality. The task is to diminish this space, to overcome it, to economise time, to prolong human life, to register past

3901:

outlined a version of dialectical materialism that subsumed two of Engels's three principal laws of dialectics, "the transformation of quantity into quality" and "the negation of the negation" as sub-laws (and not principal laws of their own) of the first law, "the unity and interpenetration of

3558:, materialism has to change its form". One of Lenin's challenges was distancing materialism, as a viable philosophical outlook, from the "vulgar materialism" expressed in the statement "the brain secretes thought in the same way as the liver secretes bile" (attributed to 18th-century physician 4007:

Lewontin, Gould, and Eldredge were thus more interested in dialectical materialism as a heuristic than a dogmatic form of 'truth' or a statement of their politics. Nevertheless, they found a readiness for critics to "seize upon" key statements and portray punctuated equilibrium, and exercises

3472:

In his essay "On the Question of Dialectics", Lenin stated, "Development is the 'struggle' of opposites." He stated, "The unity (coincidence, identity, equal action) of opposites is conditional, temporary, transitory, relative. The struggle of mutually exclusive opposites is absolute, just as

2640:

writes, "When the dialectical method is applied to the study of economic problems, economic phenomena are not viewed separately from each other, by bits and pieces, but in their inner connection as an integrated totality, structured around, and by, a basic predominant mode of production."

4688:, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1990, p. 57: "Although Marx has rejected Feuerbach's abstract materialism," Lenin says that Feuerbach's views "are consistently materialist," implying that Feuerbach's conception of causality is entirely in line with dialectical materialism." 3837:. Against said ideology is the primacy of social relations. Existence—and thus the world—is the product of human activity, but this can be seen only by accepting the primacy of social process on individual consciousness. This type of consciousness is an effect of ideological 3765:

of a "sacred" book. On the contrary, orthodoxy refers exclusively to method. It is the scientific conviction that dialectical materialism is the road to truth and that its methods can be developed, expanded, and deepened, only along the lines laid down by its founders.

2271:

that the higher level of human existence emerges from and is rooted in the lower level of human existence. That the higher level of being is a new order with irreducible laws, and that evolution is governed by laws of development, which reflect the basic properties of

2589:

Marx's criticism of Hegel asserts that Hegel's dialectics go astray by dealing with ideas, with the human mind. Hegel's dialectic, Marx says, inappropriately concerns "the process of the human brain"; it focuses on ideas. Hegel's thought is in fact sometimes called

3918:

Not everything old must be abandoned. We do not have to reinvent everything. What is old but bad must be abandoned. What is old but troublesome must be corrected appropriately. What is old but good must be further developed. What is new but good must be

2757:

The splitting of a single whole and the cognition of its contradictory parts is the essence (one of the "essentials", one of the principal, if not the principal, characteristics or features) of dialectics. That is precisely how Hegel, too, puts the

4049:

found an opportunity to read some recent astrophysics papers in western journals, and soon wrote his first paper on cosmology, "A Cosmological Solution in Scalar-tensor Theory with Mass and Blackbody Radiation", which was published on the journal

3817:

ideology on the thought of the proletariat. Marxist orthodoxy is no guardian of traditions, it is the eternally vigilant prophet proclaiming the relation between the tasks of the immediate present and the totality of the historical process. (§5)

3852:

formally denounced Lukács's heterodox definition of Orthodox Marxism as exclusively derived from fidelity to the "Marxist method", and not to Communist party dogmas; and denounced the philosophical developments of the German Marxist theorist

3611:. Specifically, he described scientific socialism as "the conscious expression of the unconscious historical process; namely, the instinctive and elemental drive of the proletariat to reconstruct society on communist beginnings". 3584:

that they result from the requirements of our thinking, and that nothing actually corresponds to them in reality. But it is difficult to agree with this view. If any idealist philosopher, instead of arriving in time to catch the 9

6503:

on 6 November 2011This systematic exposition of dialectical and historical materialism was awarded a prize at a competition of textbooks for students of higher educational establishments; first published in Russian as "Основы

4071:, also supported Fang. Many of the members of the "Theory of Relativity Criticism Group" changed to study the theory and conduct research in it. Subsequently, Fang was regarded as the father of cosmological research in China. 5316: 2489:

In keeping with dialectical ideas, Marx and Engels thus created an alternative theory, not only of why the world is the way it is but also of which actions people should take to make it the way it ought to be. In

2739:

It is in this dialectic as it is here understood, that is, in the grasping of oppositions in their unity, or of the positive in the negative, that speculative thought consists. It is the most important aspect of

2232:

emphasizes the importance of real-world conditions and the presence of functional contradictions within and among social relations, which derive from, but are not limited to, the contradictions that occur in

4054:(Physics), Vol. 1, 163 (1972). This was the first modern cosmological research paper in mainland China. Fang assembled a group of young faculty members of USTC around him to conduct astrophysics research. 2661:

For his part, Engels applies a "dialectical" approach to the natural world in general, arguing that contemporary science is increasingly recognizing the necessity of viewing natural processes in terms of

2613:

state of affairs is "to misunderstand the historical movement by which the successive generations transformed the results acquired by the generations that preceded them". Marx's rejection of this sort of

3972:...dialectical thinking should be taken more seriously by Western scholars, not discarded because some nations of the second world have constructed a cardboard version as an official political doctrine. 2379: 3959:, have tried to employ dialectical materialism in their approach. They view dialectics as playing a precautionary heuristic role in their work. Lewontin's perspective offers the following idea: 6307:

First published in 1971, as "Главные философские направления" – The author traces the struggle between materialism and idealism on the basis of the dialectical-materialist conception of the

2531:, which holds that the world is material; that all phenomena in the universe consist of "matter in motion," wherein all things are interdependent and interconnected and develop according to 4124:

with no specific Marxist content, partly of philosophical dogmas, partly of nonsense, and partly of statements that could be any of these things depending on how they are interpreted.

3778:

and played an active role in democratic movements in Hungary in 1956 and the 1960s. He and his associates became sharply critical of the formulation of dialectical materialism in the

2535:; that the world exists outside consciousness and independently of people's perception of it; that thought is a reflection of the material world in the brain, and that the world is 4135:, an influential historian of science and a Christian who nonetheless was an adherent of dialectical materialism, suggested that a more appropriate term might be "dialectical 329: 294: 3944:

period in genetics and constraints on free inquiry imposed by political authorities, dialectical materialism had a positive influence on the work of many Soviet scientists.

3230: 6583: 2654:. More narrowly, within the framework of this general theory of history, most of Marx's writing is devoted to an analysis of the specific structure and development of the 2799:

The third law, "negation of the negation", originated with Hegel. Although Hegel coined the term "negation of the negation", it gained its fame from Marx's using it in

2546:

had rejected Hegel's idealistic philosophy and advocated materialism. Despite being strongly influenced by Feuerbach, Marx rejected Feuerbach's version of materialism (

3189: 3607:

during the factional schisms within the American Trotskyist movement in the period 1939–40. Trotsky viewed dialectics as an essential method of analysis to discern

2542:

Marx criticized classical materialism as another idealist philosophy—idealist because of its transhistorical understanding of material contexts. The Young Hegelian

114: 5389: 6473: 2648:(broadly speaking, the ways in which societies are organized to employ their technological powers to interact with their material surroundings). This is called 4982:

heap'. These elenchi are, according to Aristotle's explanation, the ways in which one is compelled to say the opposite of what one had previously asserted...

3142: 3132: 4738: 4221: 3761:, therefore, does not imply the uncritical acceptance of the results of Marx's investigations. It is not the "belief" in this or that thesis, nor the 4091:

environment. Nevertheless, he considered the basic aims and principles of dialectical materialism to be in harmony with rational scientific thought.

1585: 6164:

Dafermos, M. (2021). "Rethinking the relationship between Marx's Capital and Hegel's Science of Logic: The tradition of creative Soviet Marxism".

5536:

In his account of one ad hominem absurdity, Gould states on p. 984 "I swear that I do not exaggerate" regarding the accusations of a Marxist plot.

5025: 3208: 3162: 444: 5169: 74: 2632:

study of social processes in terms of interrelations, development, and transformation. In his introduction to the Penguin edition of Marx's

3270: 3235: 3112: 69: 3992:. Apart from the commonly cited example of water turning to steam with increased temperature, Gould and Eldredge noted another analogy in 6045: 3437: 214: 89: 3689: 3285: 3265: 3240: 2192: 3661: 5769: 3642: 2332: 3813:

can never mean the defeat, once and for all, of false tendencies. It is an ever-renewed struggle against the insidious effects of

3082: 324: 17: 4062:

theory allows the possibility of the finiteness of space and time. During the Cultural Revolution, campaigns were waged against

3871: 3668: 3461:

The contradictory nature of the thing itself (the other of itself), the contradictory forces and tendencies in each phenomenon;

3184: 2644:

Marx's own writings are almost exclusively concerned with understanding human history in terms of systemic processes, based on

2281: 1018: 1000: 429: 6491: 6379: 6295: 6203: 6031: 6012: 5559: 5529: 5491: 5330: 5299: 5198: 4642: 1913: 1840: 284: 1390: 4214: 4192: 2412:, at least as interpreted by their former colleagues, was too abstract and was being misapplied in attempts to explain the 6407: 2343:, written in 1899. Marx himself had talked about the "materialist conception of history", which was later referred to as " 4012: 3675: 831: 419: 239: 169: 144: 6553: 6532: 6440: 6352: 6189: 6133: 5984: 5882: 5430: 4087:, dialectical materialism was doomed to be superficial because "creativity or critical thinking" was impossible in an 6497: 6154: 6050: 5906: 5846: 5797: 5737: 5654: 5629: 5239: 4592: 4558: 4405: 3708: 3102: 658: 309: 259: 3932:

has detailed at length the role played by dialectical materialism in the Soviet Union in disciplines throughout the

3657: 6578: 6209: 3478: 3297: 1971: 1918: 583: 224: 2263:

Dialectical materialism recognises the evolution of the natural world, and thus the emergence of new qualities of

3734: 1425: 975: 673: 551: 249: 149: 104: 3554:

Lenin was developing the work of Engels, who said that "with each epoch-making discovery, even in the sphere of

6515: 6326: 6230: 4279: 4084: 3914:, Ho Chi Minh described the dialectical relationship between the old and the new in building society, stating: 3646: 3430: 2361:

and Marx. Stalin further delineated and defined dialectical and historical materialism as the world outlook of

471: 369: 349: 254: 179: 4163: 2724: 573: 6195: 5813: 5135: 4970: 4244: 2935: 2576:

The concept of dialectical materialism emerges from statements by Marx in the second edition postface to his

2517: 2358: 2298: 2294: 2185: 1720: 623: 392: 274: 5085: 4974: 4254: 3594: 2940: 1395: 1275: 449: 364: 204: 6102: 5917: 5021:"The transition from quantity to quality: A neglected causal mechanism in accounting for social evolution" 4940:(Translator, Clements Dutt). New York: International Publishers. (Original work published 1940). See also 2357:, the father of Russian Marxism, first used the term "dialectical materialism" in 1891 in his writings on 52: 5315:

Allen, Collin; Allen, Garland; Amundson, Ron; Baer, Charles F.; Arnold, Steven J.; Barahona, Ana (2009).

3782:

that was exported to those countries under its control. In the 1960s, his associates became known as the

3559: 2622: 2547: 1903: 1705: 1175: 304: 229: 124: 5679: 4067:

Dai Wensai, the most well-known Chinese astronomer at the time and chair of the Astronomy Department of

4027:

as 'a flow, an exchange, a dialectical unity'. This notion was re-enforced by Oparin's association with

3783: 3571:

Lenin reassessed Feuerbach's philosophy and concluded that it was in line with dialectical materialism.

5551: 5006: 3546:'property' of matter, with whose recognition philosophical materialism is bound up, is the property of 2527:, which asserts the primacy of the material world: in short, matter precedes thought. Materialism is a 1675: 1650: 1575: 938: 736: 174: 5925: 4511: 2788:

of the passage of quantitative changes into qualitative changes can also be applied to the process of

6421: 5779: 5260: 5173: 5148: 5117: 4550: 4524: 4259: 3838: 3729: 3682: 3423: 2608: 2246: 1815: 822: 706: 424: 319: 279: 209: 194: 3805:

and political praxis, because dialectical materialism is the philosophic product of class struggle:

2857: 2628:

For Marx, dialectics is not a formula for generating predetermined outcomes but is a method for the

2377:, one of several groups of intellectuals inspired by the philosopher Hegel. Marx's doctoral thesis, 5621: 5521: 5322: 5287: 4634: 4117: 3487: 3122: 2178: 1908: 269: 189: 139: 6543: 6267: 6242: 4450:

Dialectical Materialism: The Role Of Dialectical Materialism In The Development Of Natural Science

3968:

Gould shared similar views regarding a heuristic role for dialectical materialism. He wrote that:

593: 6588: 6393: 6253: 5998: 5703: 5163: 5111: 4630: 3635: 3292: 3152: 2950: 2945: 2073: 2053: 886: 618: 501: 314: 134: 129: 84: 5964: 5955: 5944: 5397: 4269: 3981: 3948: 3869:

that became the "official" Soviet interpretation of Marxism. It was codified in Stalin's work,

3866: 2650: 2505: 2479: 2344: 2290: 2001: 1325: 731: 663: 653: 641: 5291: 5275: 4476: 2220:

that has found widespread applications in a variety of philosophical disciplines ranging from

6308: 5933: 4942: 4274: 3340: 2910: 2905: 2784: 2225: 2221: 1145: 990: 566: 374: 289: 234: 6454: 4622: 2395:, which is considered the foundation of materialist philosophy. Marx was also familiar with 6593: 6080: 6059: 5896: 5406: 4489:

See Plekhanov, "For the Sixtieth Anniversary of Hegel's Death" (1891). See also Plekhanov,

3876: 3830: 3801:

as "conflictual sciences", stating that political factions and revisionism are inherent to

3604: 3092: 2862: 2558: 2467: 2362: 2349: 2058: 2011: 2006: 1991: 1981: 1948: 1923: 1810: 1785: 1685: 1400: 970: 785: 741: 546: 511: 461: 403: 244: 119: 109: 62: 5613: 5596: 4189: 4113: 3774:. He modified many of his formulations of his 1923 works and went on to develop a Marxist 855: 359: 8: 6483: 6287: 5575:

Hu, Danian (2004). "Organized criticism of Einstein and relativity in China, 1949–1989".

5483: 5479: 5471: 4623: 4316: 4035: 3790: 3743: 3275: 3218: 2772: 2645: 2492: 2460: 2447:

observation that human experience is dependent on the mind's perceptions, Marx developed

2409: 2257: 2117: 2068: 1770: 1590: 1080: 721: 701: 696: 588: 578: 526: 516: 434: 414: 264: 184: 79: 6281: 6063: 5410: 4701:, ed. Frederick Engels (New York: Modern Library, no date, first published 1906), p. 25. 4058:

the dialectical materialism philosophy, both time and space must be infinite, while the

2440: 2253: 2249:

is a relationship in which two forces oppose each other, leading to mutual development.

1525: 506: 6573: 6509: 6320: 6263: 6144: 6098: 6041: 5722: 5592: 5422: 4880: 4876: 4810: 4249: 4068: 3993: 3771: 3721: 3345: 3330: 3320: 3315: 3223: 3213: 3038: 3033: 2955: 2655: 2528: 2448: 2229: 2130: 2112: 2090: 2016: 1953: 1943: 1898: 1893: 1850: 1555: 1280: 1250: 1115: 1085: 945: 771: 751: 691: 439: 342: 299: 159: 5086:"Lenin's Summary of Hegel's Dialectics (Lenin's Collected Works Vol. 38, pp. 221–222)" 4098:

wrote a critique of Marxist materialism which he published as a part of his 1957 work

2335:. Casual mention of the term "dialectical materialism" is also found in the biography 1605: 6549: 6528: 6487: 6460: 6450: 6436: 6375: 6348: 6291: 6224: 6199: 6150: 6129: 6086: 6027: 6008: 5980: 5902: 5892: 5878: 5861: 5842: 5733: 5717: 5650: 5625: 5555: 5525: 5517: 5511: 5507: 5487: 5467: 5381: 5350: 5326: 5295: 5283: 5235: 5194: 5054: 5049: 5020: 4884: 4814: 4638: 4598: 4588: 4554: 4401: 4311: 4306: 4296: 4239: 4001: 3997: 3956: 3810: 3564: 3531: 3507: 3245: 3196: 2925: 2819: 2780: 2571: 2417: 2154: 2083: 2043: 2021: 1750: 1735: 1715: 1305: 1225: 1150: 960: 891: 865: 817: 746: 726: 598: 561: 541: 531: 521: 494: 456: 399: 5426: 3454:

in 1914, Lenin made some brief notes outlining three "elements" of logic. They are:

1545: 1450: 1385: 1335: 1200: 6367: 6312: 6173: 6071: 6067: 5584: 5414: 5131: 5044: 5034: 4956:'The Doctrine of Flux and the Unity of Opposites' in the 'Heraclitus' entry in the 4872: 4802: 4669: 4264: 4186: 4095: 4088: 4020: 3952: 3893: 3849: 3758: 3519: 3511: 3399: 3387: 3362: 3018: 3003: 2975: 2965: 2900: 2872: 2747: 2676: 2595: 2543: 2413: 2354: 2303: 2238: 2217: 2166: 2142: 2078: 2063: 1855: 1790: 1690: 1625: 1600: 1550: 1515: 1475: 1310: 1270: 1235: 1125: 1105: 1055: 1050: 1030: 985: 955: 901: 850: 845: 812: 711: 668: 613: 556: 154: 36: 6283:

The main Trends in Philosophy. A Theoretical Analysis of the History of Philosophy

4793:

Taylor, Angus (1989). "The Significance of Darwinian Theory for Marx and Engels".

2617:

was one reason for his enthusiastic (though not entirely uncritical) reception of

1865: 6403: 6389: 6277: 6121: 5834: 5234:. Vol. 1. Translated by Nguyen, Luna. Banyan House Punlishing. p. 203. 5213: 5188: 4544: 4321: 4063: 3937: 3933: 3794: 3555: 3510:(Marx). Hence, Lenin was philosophically positioned between historicist Marxism ( 3411: 3325: 3053: 2960: 2807:

of development which reflect basic properties of 'matter in motion as a whole'."

2594:, and Hegel himself is counted among a number of other philosophers known as the 2433: 2374: 2328: 2095: 1986: 1938: 1933: 1845: 1780: 1760: 1700: 1595: 1570: 1535: 1530: 1520: 1490: 1445: 1435: 1300: 1240: 1195: 1160: 1140: 1100: 1075: 921: 840: 536: 466: 199: 3865:

In the 1930s, Stalin and his associates formulated a version of dialectical and

3809:

For this reason, the task of orthodox Marxism, its victory over Revisionism and

3608: 2552: 1505: 6340: 6238: 6185: 5588: 5385: 5107: 4806: 4743: 4182: 4132: 4039: 4028: 3996:, "with its jargon of equilibrium, steady state, and homeostasis maintained by 3989: 3985: 3941: 3802: 3798: 3503: 3491: 3350: 3043: 2993: 2930: 2793: 2732: 2618: 2603:

philosophy and into the study of social relations based on the material world.

2456: 2429: 2242: 2234: 2100: 1928: 1830: 1765: 1755: 1745: 1740: 1660: 1640: 1630: 1620: 1610: 1580: 1560: 1500: 1495: 1480: 1465: 1455: 1375: 1345: 1340: 1330: 1255: 1230: 1220: 1215: 1190: 1180: 1155: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1035: 716: 648: 603: 379: 219: 6177: 5418: 3568:, theoretically consistent with (new) developments occurring in the sciences. 3486:

as three axes: (i) the materialist inversion of Hegelian dialectics, (ii) the

1355: 6567: 6464: 6417: 6217: 5965:"On Theory of Knowledge, Dialectical Materialism, and the Revolutionary Life" 5940: 5865: 5358: 4602: 4080: 3834: 3826: 3255: 3063: 3058: 3028: 3013: 2789: 2637: 2562:(1875–82), were the source of the main doctrines of dialectical materialism. 2286: 1795: 1665: 1655: 1565: 1440: 1320: 1295: 1290: 1260: 1185: 1090: 1040: 965: 950: 896: 870: 628: 409: 5229: 4395: 3742:

as the knowledge of society as a whole, knowledge which, in itself, was the

2504:

it." Dialectical materialism is thus closely related to Marx's and Engels's

5972: 5336: 5058: 5039: 4998: 4955: 4564: 4507: 4301: 3929: 3880: 3779: 3600: 3280: 3023: 2998: 2599: 2598:. Marx, on the contrary, believed that dialectics should deal not with the 2471: 2340: 2038: 1860: 1835: 1800: 1730: 1725: 1710: 1695: 1645: 1635: 1485: 1470: 1460: 1410: 1380: 1365: 1350: 1315: 1135: 1095: 1045: 995: 916: 860: 6371: 6002: 5729: 4994: 4107: 4103: 4043: 4024: 3854: 3747: 3538:

and materialism, thus matter seemed to be disappearing. Lenin disagreed:

3515: 3048: 3008: 2970: 2582: 2532: 2524: 2452: 2380:

The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature

2347:" by Engels. Engels further explained the "materialist dialectic" in his 2268: 2209: 1875: 1820: 1775: 1670: 1615: 1540: 1370: 1360: 1265: 1245: 1205: 1130: 1120: 1110: 911: 608: 481: 164: 99: 6026:. Reason in Revolt. Vol. 2 (American ed.). Algora Publishing. 4151: 3725: 3406: 2474:, Marx and Engels concluded that alienation from economic and political 6104:

Dialectical Materialism: The Theoretical Foundation of Marxism-Leninism

4136: 4046: 3898: 3367: 3357: 3260: 3201: 2920: 2877: 2852: 2771:

The second law Hegel took from Ancient Greek philosophers, notably the

2707: 2695:

The law of the passage of quantitative changes into qualitative changes

2674:

Engels postulated three laws of dialectics from his reading of Hegel's

2629: 2392: 2308: 1870: 1680: 1510: 1420: 1415: 1405: 1285: 1210: 1170: 1165: 1005: 805: 780: 476: 94: 4100:

Theory and History: An Interpretation of Social and Economic Evolution

2331:, a socialist who corresponded with Marx, during and after the failed 6541: 5994: 5390:"Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered" 4386:

Third Edition (0000) Allan Bullock and Stephen Tromblet, Eds. p. 222.

4369: 4008:

associated with it, such as public exhibitions, as a "Marxist plot".

3845: 3814: 3527: 3499: 3495: 2882: 2867: 2776: 2614: 2396: 2289:, set forth the Soviet formulation of dialectical materialism and of 2213: 2105: 2048: 1996: 1976: 1805: 1430: 1025: 980: 790: 4400:. Vol. 1. Translated by Nguyen, Luna. Banyan House Publishing. 3624: 2783:. It may be traced to the ancient Ionian philosophers, particularly 2432:, which was a growing concern in the early 1840s, as exemplified by 4059: 3775: 3762: 3750:. In the first chapter "What is Orthodox Marxism?", Lukács defined 3250: 2827: 2475: 2444: 2401: 2388: 2031: 2026: 1825: 906: 27:

Philosophy derived from the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

4110:

argued that dialectical materialism lacks a psychological basis.

4016: 3335: 2837: 2703: 2509: 2483: 2421: 2384: 800: 44: 6143:

Jordan, Z. A. (1969). "The Origins of Dialectical Materialism".

6090: 6085:. Translated by Galina Sdobnikova. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 3793:, proposed an intellectual return to the Marxist method. So did 6548:. Translated by Lenina Ilitskaya. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 6479: 4121: 3754:

as fidelity to the "Marxist method", not fidelity to "dogmas":

3535: 3523: 2663: 2523:

Dialectical materialism is an aspect of the broader subject of

2513: 2496:(1845), Marx wrote a famous quote, "The philosophers have only 2425: 2312: 795: 5688:, pp. xix–xxi, 796, 909, 994, 1096, 1129–1140, 1171–1172. 4979:. 718ff, (p. 335 in the Miller edition; see also pp. 368–70). 3394: 2161: 330:

Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice

6459:. Translated by Robert Daglish. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 3522:" (Kautsky) . Moreover, late-century discoveries in physics ( 2470:(estrangement from the traditional comforts of religion) for 2264: 5946:

Science of Marxism is the Scientific dialectical methodology

5448: 5267: 6409:

Philosophy in the USSR: Problems of Dialectical Materialism

5977:

Dialectical Materialism: Its Laws, Categories, and Practice

5918:

Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy

5257:

Science, Philosophy, and Human Behavior in the Soviet Union

5137:

Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy

4770:(Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1956), p. 107. 295:

An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital

5577:

Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences

4585:

Marx's General: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels

4366:

Marxism and Scientific Socialism: From Engels to Althusser

4193:

argued that dialectical materialism was not truly Marxist.

3923: 3825:

Philosophically aligned with Marx is the criticism of the

3770:

In his later works and actions, Lukács became a leader of

6430: 6315:

prize under the decision of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

5548:

Cradle of Life: The Discovery of Earth's Earliest Fossils

115:

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State

6402: 6194:, translated by John Sturrock, Minneapolis, Minnesota: 6004:

Reason in Revolt, Marxist Philosophy and Modern Science

2735:

as the central feature of a dialectical understanding:

2606:

For Marx, human history cannot be fitted into any neat

5314: 5232:

Curriculum of the Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism

4398:

Curriculum of the Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism

2550:) as inconsistent. The writings of Engels, especially 2500:

the world, in various ways. The point, however, is to

6335:

Dialectical Materialism and the History of Philosophy

5956:"Some Aspects of Marxism and Dialectical Materialism" 5230:

Ministry of Education and Training (Vietnam) (2023).

4831:, Vol. 1 (Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1976), p. 18. 4396:

Ministry of Education and Training (Vietnam) (2023).

3534:, philosophically challenged previous conceptions of 5355:

An Urchin in the Storm: Essays About Books and Ideas

4000:", and "extremely rapid transitions that occur with 2365:, and as a method to study society and its history. 6584:

Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

5365: 5343: 3649:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3133:

The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky

2710:, can be clarified through the following examples: 5858:Physique contemporaine et matérialisme dialectique 5721: 5374: 4222:Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism 6276: 5193:. Wellred Publications. pp. 31, 68–70, 138. 5001:. Guthrie, W. K. C. "The Milesians: Anaximenes". 3980:This heuristic was also applied to the theory of 2702:The first law, which originates with the ancient 6565: 4434: 4432: 4106:described Marxism as "a philosophical farrago". 3458:The determination of the concept out of itself ; 5649:. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund Inc. p. 257. 5026:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4538: 4536: 4534: 3163:Leninism: Introduction to the Study of Leninism 6345:Dance of the Dialectic: Steps in Marx's Method 6216:. First English translation published 1968 by 5172:from the original on 30 June 2004 – via 4709: 4707: 3905: 3875:(1938), and popularized in textbooks used for 2779:, and it is equated with what scientists call 2692:The law of the unity and conflict of opposites 2459:interactions and that those in turn determine 2373:Marx and Engels each began their adulthood as 2267:human and of human existence. Engels used the 6545:ABC of Dialectical and Historical Materialism 6116:. Iaşi: Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Press. 5608: 5606: 5454: 5380: 4495:The Development of the Monist View of History 4429: 3431: 2252:In contrast with the idealist perspective of 2186: 75:The Condition of the Working Class in England 4993:c.f. a fascination with transitions between 4578: 4576: 4574: 4531: 4513:1938: Dialectical and Historical Materialism 4384:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought 3469:feature, side, property into every other ." 3143:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder 3113:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 2279:In the 1930s, in the Soviet Union, the book 70:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 6046:"Dialectical Materialism and the Physicist" 6040: 5278:. In Ruse, Michael; Travis, Joseph (eds.). 4704: 4665: 4663: 3879:within the Soviet Union and throughout the 2455:view that the world of the concrete shapes 6362:Ollman, Bertell (2008). Tony Smith (ed.). 6021: 5993: 5872: 5685: 5612: 5603: 5165:Trotsky's Views On Dialectical Materialism 4827:Ernest Mandel, Introduction to Karl Marx, 4739:"Dialectics on the authority of Karl Marx" 4621:Wood, Allen (2005). Honderich, Ted (ed.). 4038:was over and scientific research resumed. 3833:, which is founded upon the voluntary and 3789:Lukács, in his philosophical criticism of 3574: 3438: 3424: 2193: 2179: 215:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses 90:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 6388: 6262: 6097: 6024:Dialectical Philosophy and Modern Science 5891: 5833: 5798:Learn how and when to remove this message 5539: 5500: 5048: 5038: 4863:Thomas, Paul (1976). "Marx and Science". 4571: 3860: 3709:Learn how and when to remove this message 3614: 2731:The first law was seen by both Hegel and 6184: 6163: 6146:The Evolution of Dialectical Materialism 6078: 5971: 5855: 5837:(1969). "On the Materialist Dialectic". 5460: 5018: 4901:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003). 4722: 4699:Capital: A Critique of Political Economy 4672:at marxists.org. Accessed 18 April 2016. 4660: 4423:Dialectical Materialism: An Introduction 4351:The Evolution of Dialectical Materialism 4083:argued that, in its form as an official 2810: 2766:, p. 359: On the question of dialectics. 2368: 6542:Boguslavsky, B.M.; et al. (1978). 6471: 6449: 6433:Promenade dialectique dans les sciences 6120: 5875:Histoire des philosophies matérialistes 5697: 5318:Evolution: The First Four Billion Years 5280:Evolution: The First Four Billion Years 5186: 4725:The Revolutionary Philosophy of Marxism 4680: 4678: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4542: 4477:"Karl Kautsky: Frederick Engels (1887)" 4464:Histoire des philosophies matérialistes 3924:As a heuristic in science and elsewhere 3518:Marxism—a political position close to " 3083:The Development of Capitalism in Russia 2698:The law of the negation of the negation 2311:, which was a foundational document of 325:The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany 14: 6566: 6522: 6423:Dialectical and Historical Materialism 6416: 6395:Materialism And Historical Materialism 6361: 6339: 6142: 5901:. New York: International Publishers. 5898:Materialism and the Dialectical Method 5669: 5545: 5273: 5254: 4862: 4792: 4447: 4363: 4348: 4120:, arguing that they consist partly of 3886: 3872:Dialectical and Historical Materialism 3473:development and motion are absolute." 3185:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party 2680:. Engels elucidated these laws as the 2669: 2282:Dialectical and Historical Materialism 1001:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 6426:. New York: International Publishers. 6107:. New York: International Publishers. 5823: 5812: 5716: 5644: 5638: 5506: 5466: 5349: 5106: 4420: 4116:criticized the laws of dialectics in 3940:. He has concluded that, despite the 2751:, § 69, (p. 56 in the Miller edition) 1914:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory 285:Change the World Without Taking Power 6111: 5754: 5513:The Structure of Evolutionary Theory 4783:(London: Martin Lawrence, ), p. 102. 4675: 4620: 4609: 4587:, Metropolitan/Henry Holt & Co, 4582: 4546:Karl Marx: A Nineteenth-Century Life 4491:Essays on the History of Materialism 4202: 4146: 4142: 4034:In 1972, the worst chaos of China's 3647:adding citations to reliable sources 3618: 3464:The union of analysis and synthesis. 2723:, Unity and Struggle of Opposites – 2721:The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979) 2565: 2408:Marx and Engels both concluded that 6478:. Translated by Sergei Syrovatkin. 6311:. The book was in 1979 awarded the 5220:, Stock/IMEC, 1993 (French edition) 4958:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3724:, Minister of Culture in the brief 3603:defended the dialectical method of 3579:In 1926, Trotsky said in a speech: 240:Marxism and the Oppression of Women 170:Theses on the Philosophy of History 24: 6431:Évariste Sanchez-Palencia (2012). 5750: 5574: 5223: 5161: 5130: 4877:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1976.tb00090.x 4625:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy 4506: 4389: 3550:, of existing outside of the mind. 2764:Lenin's Collected Works: Volume 38 2508:(and has sometimes been viewed as 2301:, an analogous text was the essay 2260:that are the root of the problem. 2212:theory based upon the writings of 25: 6605: 6280:; Creighton, H. Campbell (1988). 6251: 6244:Materialism and Empirio-Criticism 6237: 6051:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 5962: 5953: 5939: 4969: 4927:(New York: Guilford Press, 1996). 4899:Engels: A Very Short Introduction 4795:Philosophy of the Social Sciences 4479:. Marxists.org. 23 November 2003. 3490:of ethical principles ordered to 3103:Materialism and Empirio-criticism 2443:of the day, which emphasized the 260:Time, Labor and Social Domination 6525:Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx 6347:. University of Illinois Press. 6210:Presses Universitaires de France 6082:What Is Dialectical Materialism? 6022:Grant, Ted; Woods, Alan (2003). 5860:(in French). Éditions Sociales. 5841:. Verso. pp. 161–218, 168. 5759: 4215:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism 4150: 3797:, who later defined Marxism and 3623: 3609:class nature of the Soviet Union 3494:, and (iii) the convergence of " 3479:Materialism and Empiriocriticism 3405: 3393: 3381: 2836: 2439:In contrast to the conventional 2245:interactions. Within Marxism, a 2160: 2148: 2136: 1972:21st-century communist theorists 310:Towards Socialism or Capitalism? 225:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa 145:Essays on Marx's Theory of Value 51: 6366:. England: Palgrave Macmillan. 6269:History and Class Consciousness 5710: 5691: 5663: 5568: 5472:"The Pattern of Life's History" 5308: 5248: 5207: 5187:Trotsky, Leon (25 March 2019). 5180: 5155: 5124: 5100: 5078: 5065: 5012: 4987: 4963: 4948: 4930: 4917: 4904: 4891: 4856: 4843: 4834: 4821: 4786: 4773: 4760: 4731: 4716: 4691: 4651: 4500: 4483: 4019:, dialectical materialism, fit 3735:History and Class Consciousness 3634:needs additional citations for 2228:. As a materialist philosophy, 674:Theory of historical trajectory 552:Dictatorship of the proletariat 250:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy 150:History and Class Consciousness 105:Critique of the Gotha Programme 6412:. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 6364:Dialectics for the New Century 6149:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 6128:. London and New York: Verso. 6072:10.1080/00963402.1953.11457380 4971:Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 4469: 4456: 4441: 4414: 4376: 4357: 4342: 4280:Philosophy in the Soviet Union 4127: 4015:'s official interpretation of 3829:, bourgeois philosophy of the 2466:Whereas some Hegelians blamed 472:Socially necessary labour time 370:Philosophy in the Soviet Union 255:The Sublime Object of Ideology 180:A Critique of Soviet Economics 13: 1: 6523:Tucker, Robert (9 May 2024). 6404:Fedoseyev, Pyotr Nikolayevich 6255:On the Question of Dialectics 6196:University of Minnesota Press 5782:and help improve the section. 5113:On the Question of Dialectics 5003:A History of Greek Philosophy 4851:The Concept of Nature in Marx 4335: 4245:Critique of political economy 3298:Joseph Stalin's rise to power 2529:realist philosophy of science 2518:thesis, antithesis, synthesis 2359:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 393:Critique of political economy 5856:Bitsakis, Eftichios (1973). 5516:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 5371:Gould, S. J. (1990), p. 154. 5353:(1990). "Nurturing Nature". 5282:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 4936:Engels, F. (7th ed., 1973). 4255:Marxist philosophy of nature 4074: 3738:(1923), in which he defined 2941:Proletarian internationalism 430:Falling profit-rate tendency 205:The Society of the Spectacle 7: 6527:(3rd ed.). Routledge. 6472:Spirkin, Alexander (1990). 6214:Le Matérialisme Dialectique 5873:Charbonnat, Pascal (2007). 5546:Schopf, J. William (2001). 4382:“dialectical materialism”, 4197: 3906:Ho Chi Minh's contributions 3844:At the 5th Congress of the 3560:Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis 2623:theory of natural selection 2548:anthropological materialism 2318: 2293:, which were taught in the 1904:Capitalism Nature Socialism 420:Concrete and abstract labor 305:Capital in the Anthropocene 230:Social Justice and the City 125:The Accumulation of Capital 10: 6610: 6514:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 6475:Fundamentals of Philosophy 6325:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 6229:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 6079:Krapivin, Vassily (1985). 5979:. New York: Petras Press. 5597:10.1525/hsps.2004.34.2.311 5589:10.1525/hsps.2004.34.2.311 5552:Princeton University Press 5218:Writings on Psychoanalysis 5007:Cambridge University Press 4807:10.1177/004839318901900401 4551:W. W. Norton & Company 4543:Sperber, Jonathan (2013). 4094:Economist and philosopher 3548:being an objective reality 3286:Death and funeral of Lenin 2569: 2299:People's Republic of China 2295:Soviet system of education 175:Dialectic of Enlightenment 6178:10.1177/03098168211029003 6126:Valences of the Dialectic 5647:The Illusion of the Epoch 5474:. In Brockman, J. (ed.). 5455:Gould & Eldredge 1977 5419:10.1017/s0094837300005224 5261:Columbia University Press 5255:Graham, Loren R. (1987). 5174:Marxists Internet Archive 5149:Marxists Internet Archive 5118:Marxists Internet Archive 4781:The Poverty of Philosophy 4525:Marxists Internet Archive 4466:, Syllepse, 2007, p. 477. 4260:Methodological naturalism 3730:Hungarian Soviet Republic 3658:"Dialectical materialism" 2383:, was concerned with the 320:Literature and Revolution 280:Late Victorian Holocausts 210:Pedagogy of the Oppressed 195:The Wretched of the Earth 6208:First published 1940 by 5830:(Chapter 4 to Chapter 9) 5704:George Allen & Unwin 5698:Needham, Joseph (1976). 5622:W. W. Norton and Company 5618:Main Currents of Marxism 5522:Harvard University Press 5323:Harvard University Press 5288:Harvard University Press 5019:Carneiro, R. L. (2000). 4448:Maasch, Bennett (2021). 4118:Main Currents of Marxism 3530:), and the beginning of 3482:(1908), Lenin explained 3231:History of Soviet Russia 3123:The State and Revolution 2512:with it). Marx rejected 2486:, was the real culprit. 2418:recently industrializing 270:The Origin of Capitalism 140:The State and Revolution 6579:Dialectical materialism 6456:Dialectical Materialism 6191:Dialectical Materialism 5877:(in French). Syllepse. 5817:Dialectical Materialism 5700:Moulds of Understanding 5674:. Chicago: Demos Press. 5672:Dialectical Materialism 5216:, "Marx and Freud", in 4925:The Greening of Marxism 4766:K. Marx and F. Engels, 4723:Peterson, John (2018). 4631:Oxford University Press 4583:Hunt, Tristram (2009), 3949:evolutionary biologists 3846:Communist International 3740:dialectical materialism 3575:Trotsky's contributions 3484:dialectical materialism 3271:Anti-religious campaign 3153:Foundations of Leninism 2951:Revolutionary situation 2946:Revolutionary defeatism 2916:Dialectical materialism 2451:, which emphasized the 2325:dialectical materialism 2206:Dialectical materialism 976:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 619:Relations of production 502:Base and superstructure 355:Dialectical materialism 315:The Revolution Betrayed 135:Terrorism and Communism 130:Philosophical Notebooks 85:The Communist Manifesto 18:Dialectical Materialism 6435:(in French). Hermann. 6406:; et al. (1977). 5040:10.1073/pnas.240462397 4910:Sebastiano Timpanaro, 4686:Marxism and Alienation 4493:(1893) and Plekhanov, 4349:Jordan, Z. A. (1967). 4270:Parametric determinism 3984:proposed by Gould and 3982:punctuated equilibrium 3978: 3966: 3921: 3867:historical materialism 3861:Stalin's contributions 3823: 3768: 3615:Lukács's contributions 3591: 3552: 3450:After reading Hegel's 2769: 2754: 2729: 2651:historical materialism 2506:historical materialism 2345:historical materialism 2333:1848 German Revolution 2327:was coined in 1887 by 2291:historical materialism 1919:Historical Materialism 664:Proletarian revolution 659:Primitive accumulation 654:Historical determinism 6372:10.1057/9780230583818 6309:history of philosophy 5670:Oehler, Hugo (1941). 5190:In Defence of Marxism 4364:Thomas, Paul (2008). 4275:Philosophical realism 3970: 3961: 3928:Historian of science 3916: 3807: 3756: 3596:In Defence of Marxism 3581: 3540: 3266:National delimitation 3241:Collective leadership 2911:Democratic centralism 2906:Collective leadership 2811:Lenin's contributions 2775:, and explanation by 2755: 2737: 2712: 2682:materialist dialectic 2369:Historical background 2226:philosophy of science 2222:philosophy of history 2155:Philosophy portal 1949:Science & Society 567:Democratic centralism 425:Factors of production 290:Caliban and the Witch 235:Women, Race and Class 6114:Logic and Dialectics 6112:Ioan, Petru (1998). 5934:Dialectics of Nature 5645:Acton, H.B. (1955). 5480:Simon & Schuster 4943:Dialectics of Nature 4938:Dialectics of nature 4914:(London: NLB, 1975). 4853:(London: NLB, 1971). 4684:Nicholas Churchich, 4421:Cornforth, Maurice. 4353:. London: Macmillan. 3910:In his 1947 article 3877:compulsory education 3643:improve this article 3605:scientific socialism 3400:Socialism portal 3388:Communism portal 2686:Dialectics of Nature 2592:dialectical idealism 2559:Dialectics of Nature 2468:religious alienation 2350:Dialectics of Nature 2269:metaphysical insight 2167:Socialism portal 2143:Communism portal 2012:History of communism 2007:Economic determinism 1992:Criticism of Marxism 1982:Creative destruction 742:Marxism and religion 462:Scientific socialism 365:Philosophy of nature 245:Imagined Communities 110:Dialectics of Nature 6484:Progress Publishers 6288:Progress Publishers 6166:Class & Capital 6099:Adoratsky, Vladimir 6064:1953BuAtS...9b..54H 6042:Hollitscher, Walter 6007:. London: Wellred. 5411:1977Pbio....3..115G 5276:"Lewontin, Richard" 5274:Beatty, J. (2009). 5033:(23): 12926–12931. 4670:"Feuerbach, Ludwig" 4462:Pascal Charbonnat, 4317:Shulamith Firestone 4036:Cultural Revolution 3887:Mao's contributions 3791:Marxist revisionism 3744:class consciousness 3412:Politics portal 3276:New Economic Policy 3219:February Revolution 3093:What Is to Be Done? 2936:National liberation 2773:paradox of the heap 2670:Engels's dialectics 2646:modes of production 2493:Theses on Feuerbach 2410:Hegelian philosophy 2258:social organization 2254:Hegelian dialectics 1899:Capital & Class 579:False consciousness 527:Commodity fetishism 517:Class consciousness 435:Means of production 265:The Age of Extremes 185:The Long Revolution 120:What Is to Be Done? 80:The German Ideology 6451:Spirkin, Alexander 6218:Jonathan Cape Ltd. 5931:Friedrich Engels, 5923:Friedrich Engels, 5915:Friedrich Engels, 5893:Cornforth, Maurice 5826:Marxist Philosophy 5614:Kołakowski, Leszek 5508:Gould, Stephen Jay 5468:Gould, Stephen Jay 5382:Gould, Stephen Jay 5351:Gould, Stephen Jay 4954:cf. for instance. 4250:Dialectical monism 4162:. You can help by 4069:Nanjing University 4023:'s studies on the 3994:information theory 3772:Democratic Marxism 3732:(1919), published 3728:government of the 3321:Anti-Leninist left 3316:26 Baku Commissars 3224:October Revolution 3214:Russian Revolution 3209:RSDLP (Bolsheviks) 3034:Grigori Sokolnikov 2956:Self-determination 2847:Schools of thought 2664:interconnectedness 2656:capitalist economy 2449:Marxist dialectics 2441:Hegelian dialectic 2420:countries such as 2230:Marxist dialectics 2113:Worker cooperative 2091:Left-wing populism 2017:Left-wing politics 1954:Socialist Register 1944:Rethinking Marxism 737:Literary criticism 440:Mode of production 300:Capitalist Realism 160:The Black Jacobins 6501:(DjVu, PDF, etc.) 6493:978-5-01-002582-3 6381:978-0-230-53531-2 6297:978-5-01-000506-1 6252:Lenin, Vladimir. 6205:978-0-8166-5618-9 6033:978-0-87586-158-6 6014:978-1-900007-00-9 5808: 5807: 5800: 5724:Less Than Nothing 5561:978-0-691-08864-8 5531:978-0-674-00613-3 5518:The Belknap Press 5493:978-0-684-80359-3 5476:The Third Culture 5332:978-0-674-03175-3 5301:978-0-674-03175-3 5284:The Belknap Press 5200:978-1-913026-03-5 5132:Engels, Friedrich 4923:Ted Benton, ed., 4865:Political Studies 4644:978-0-19-926479-7 4332: 4331: 4312:Maurice Cornforth 4307:Ludovico Geymonat 4297:Alexander Spirkin 4240:Classical Marxism 4190:Leszek Kołakowski 4180: 4179: 4143:Marxist rejection 4114:Leszek Kołakowski 4085:Soviet philosophy 4002:positive feedback 3998:negative feedback 3957:Stephen Jay Gould 3835:conscious subject 3719: 3718: 3711: 3693: 3565:objective reality 3532:quantum mechanics 3508:political economy 3496:laws of evolution 3448: 3447: 3197:Prague Conference 3076:Theoretical works 2926:Labor aristocracy 2781:phase transitions 2572:Marxist dialectic 2566:Marx's dialectics 2339:, by philosopher 2203: 2202: 2044:Political ecology 2022:Marxian economics 961:Council communism 929: 928: 856:Neue Marx-Lektüre 818:Regulation school 707:Cultural analysis 599:Lumpenproletariat 542:Cultural hegemony 532:Communist society 522:Classless society 457:Productive forces 190:Guerrilla Warfare 63:Theoretical works 16:(Redirected from 6601: 6559: 6538: 6519: 6513: 6505: 6502: 6496:. Archived from 6468: 6446: 6427: 6413: 6399: 6390:Pannekoek, Anton 6385: 6358: 6330: 6324: 6316: 6306: 6304: 6273: 6259: 6248: 6234: 6228: 6220: 6181: 6160: 6139: 6122:Jameson, Fredric 6117: 6108: 6094: 6075: 6037: 6018: 5990: 5968: 5963:Ghosh, Shibdas. 5959: 5954:Ghosh, Shibdas. 5950: 5912: 5888: 5869: 5852: 5835:Althusser, Louis 5829: 5820: 5814:Afanasyev, V. G. 5803: 5796: 5792: 5789: 5783: 5778:Please read the 5774:may need cleanup 5763: 5762: 5755: 5744: 5743: 5727: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5677: 5675: 5667: 5661: 5660: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5610: 5601: 5600: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5543: 5537: 5535: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5435: 5429:. Archived from 5394: 5378: 5372: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5227: 5221: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5162:Novack, George. 5159: 5153: 5152: 5146: 5144: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5104: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5082: 5076: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5052: 5042: 5016: 5010: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4976:Science of Logic 4967: 4961: 4952: 4946: 4934: 4928: 4921: 4915: 4908: 4902: 4897:Terrell Carver, 4895: 4889: 4888: 4860: 4854: 4849:Alfred Schmidt, 4847: 4841: 4838: 4832: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4790: 4784: 4777: 4771: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4748:. 23 August 2021 4735: 4729: 4728: 4727:. Wellred Books. 4720: 4714: 4711: 4702: 4695: 4689: 4682: 4673: 4667: 4658: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4628: 4618: 4607: 4606: 4580: 4569: 4568: 4540: 4529: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4504: 4498: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4473: 4467: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4445: 4439: 4436: 4427: 4426: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4393: 4387: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4346: 4265:Orthodox Marxism 4203: 4187:Marxist humanist 4175: 4172: 4154: 4147: 4096:Ludwig von Mises 4021:Alexander Oparin 3953:Richard Lewontin 3894:On Contradiction 3850:Grigory Zinoviev 3759:Orthodox Marxism 3714: 3707: 3703: 3700: 3694: 3692: 3651: 3627: 3619: 3587: 3520:social Darwinism 3452:Science of Logic 3440: 3433: 3426: 3410: 3409: 3398: 3397: 3386: 3385: 3384: 3363:Orthodox Marxism 3168: 3158: 3148: 3138: 3128: 3118: 3108: 3098: 3088: 3019:Grigory Zinoviev 3004:Nikolai Bukharin 2976:World revolution 2966:Soviet democracy 2901:Anti-imperialism 2863:Marxism–Leninism 2840: 2830: 2815: 2814: 2767: 2752: 2748:Science of Logic 2727: 2677:Science of Logic 2596:German idealists 2544:Ludwig Feuerbach 2516:'s language of " 2414:social injustice 2363:Marxism–Leninism 2355:Georgi Plekhanov 2337:Frederick Engels 2304:On Contradiction 2274:matter in motion 2239:labour economics 2218:Friedrich Engels 2195: 2188: 2181: 2165: 2164: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2118:Workers' council 1939:Race & Class 846:Frankfurt School 813:Neo-Gramscianism 786:Marxism–Leninism 768: 767: 712:Cultural Studies 669:World revolution 614:Private property 155:Prison Notebooks 55: 32: 31: 21: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6556: 6535: 6507: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6443: 6382: 6355: 6341:Ollman, Bertell 6318: 6317: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6278:Oizerman, T. I. 6239:Lenin, Vladimir 6222: 6221: 6206: 6186:Lefebvre, Henri 6157: 6136: 6034: 6015: 5987: 5909: 5885: 5849: 5804: 5793: 5787: 5784: 5777: 5770:Further reading 5764: 5760: 5753: 5751:Further reading 5748: 5747: 5740: 5715: 5711: 5696: 5692: 5686:Kołakowski 2005 5684: 5680: 5668: 5664: 5657: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5624:. p. 909. 5611: 5604: 5573: 5569: 5562: 5554:. p. 123. 5544: 5540: 5532: 5505: 5501: 5494: 5465: 5461: 5453: 5449: 5439: 5437: 5436:on 24 June 2014 5433: 5405:(2): 115–151 . 5392: 5386:Eldredge, Niles 5379: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5348: 5344: 5333: 5313: 5309: 5302: 5272: 5268: 5253: 5249: 5242: 5228: 5224: 5214:Louis Althusser 5212: 5208: 5201: 5185: 5181: 5160: 5156: 5142: 5140: 5129: 5125: 5108:Lenin, Vladimir 5105: 5101: 5091: 5089: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5070: 5066: 5017: 5013: 4992: 4988: 4968: 4964: 4953: 4949: 4935: 4931: 4922: 4918: 4909: 4905: 4896: 4892: 4861: 4857: 4848: 4844: 4839: 4835: 4826: 4822: 4791: 4787: 4778: 4774: 4768:The Holy Family 4765: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4705: 4696: 4692: 4683: 4676: 4668: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4645: 4619: 4610: 4595: 4581: 4572: 4561: 4541: 4532: 4518: 4516: 4505: 4501: 4488: 4484: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4461: 4457: 4446: 4442: 4438:Jordan, p. 167. 4437: 4430: 4419: 4415: 4408: 4394: 4390: 4381: 4377: 4362: 4358: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4322:Teodor Oizerman 4285: 4228: 4200: 4176: 4170: 4167: 4160:needs expansion 4145: 4130: 4077: 4064:Albert Einstein 4025:origins of life 4013:Communist Party 3975: 3938:social sciences 3926: 3908: 3889: 3863: 3820: 3819: 3795:Louis Althusser 3784:Budapest School 3715: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3652: 3650: 3640: 3628: 3617: 3585: 3577: 3556:natural science 3444: 3404: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3373: 3372: 3326:De-Leninization 3311: 3303: 3302: 3180: 3172: 3171: 3166: 3156: 3146: 3136: 3126: 3116: 3106: 3096: 3086: 3077: 3069: 3068: 3054:Antonio Gramsci 2989: 2981: 2980: 2961:Socialist state 2896: 2888: 2887: 2873:Right communism 2848: 2828: 2813: 2768: 2762: 2753: 2744: 2728: 2719: 2672: 2574: 2568: 2478:, coupled with 2375:Young Hegelians 2371: 2329:Joseph Dietzgen 2321: 2199: 2159: 2149: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2123: 2122: 2096:Universal class 1987:Conflict theory 1967: 1959: 1958: 1934:New Left Review 1889: 1881: 1880: 1021: 1011: 1010: 941: 931: 930: 841:Budapest School 765: 764:Common variants 757: 756: 687: 679: 678: 644: 634: 633: 537:Critical theory 497: 487: 486: 467:Surplus product 395: 385: 384: 345: 335: 334: 200:Reading Capital 65: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6607: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6589:Marxist theory 6586: 6581: 6576: 6561: 6560: 6555:978-0828501880 6554: 6539: 6534:978-0765806444 6533: 6520: 6492: 6469: 6447: 6442:978-2705682729 6441: 6428: 6418:Stalin, Joseph 6414: 6400: 6386: 6380: 6359: 6354:978-0252071188 6353: 6337: 6331: 6296: 6274: 6260: 6249: 6235: 6204: 6182: 6161: 6155: 6140: 6135:978-1859848777 6134: 6118: 6109: 6095: 6076: 6044:(March 1953). 6038: 6032: 6019: 6013: 5991: 5986:978-0961456818 5985: 5969: 5960: 5951: 5941:Ghosh, Shibdas 5937: 5929: 5921: 5913: 5907: 5889: 5884:978-2849501245 5883: 5870: 5853: 5847: 5831: 5821: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5788:September 2019 5767: 5765: 5758: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5738: 5732:. p. 44. 5709: 5706:. p. 278. 5690: 5678: 5662: 5655: 5637: 5630: 5602: 5583:(2): 311–338. 5567: 5560: 5538: 5530: 5499: 5492: 5459: 5457:, p. 146. 5447: 5373: 5364: 5361:. p. 153. 5342: 5331: 5307: 5300: 5266: 5247: 5240: 5222: 5206: 5199: 5179: 5154: 5123: 5099: 5088:. Marxists.org 5077: 5075:, ch. 32, 837. 5064: 5011: 4986: 4962: 4947: 4929: 4916: 4912:On Materialism 4903: 4890: 4855: 4842: 4840:Jordan (1967). 4833: 4820: 4801:(4): 409–423. 4785: 4772: 4759: 4744:Times of India 4730: 4715: 4703: 4690: 4674: 4659: 4650: 4643: 4608: 4593: 4570: 4559: 4530: 4499: 4482: 4468: 4455: 4440: 4428: 4425:. Aakar Books. 4413: 4406: 4388: 4375: 4356: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4210: 4209: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4183:Anti-communist 4178: 4177: 4157: 4155: 4144: 4141: 4133:Joseph Needham 4129: 4126: 4076: 4073: 4040:Astrophysicist 3990:paradigm shift 3986:Niles Eldredge 3925: 3922: 3907: 3904: 3888: 3885: 3862: 3859: 3803:Marxist theory 3799:psychoanalysis 3717: 3716: 3631: 3629: 3622: 3616: 3613: 3576: 3573: 3498:" in physics ( 3492:class struggle 3466: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3442: 3435: 3428: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3402: 3390: 3375: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3351:Left communism 3348: 3343: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3312: 3310:Related topics 3309: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3211: 3206: 3205: 3204: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3159: 3149: 3139: 3129: 3119: 3109: 3099: 3089: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3044:Amadeo Bordiga 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2994:Vladimir Lenin 2990: 2987: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2931:Liquidationism 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2886: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2833: 2832: 2824: 2823: 2812: 2809: 2794:class conflict 2760: 2742: 2733:Vladimir Lenin 2717: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2671: 2668: 2619:Charles Darwin 2570:Main article: 2567: 2564: 2461:sociopolitical 2430:United Kingdom 2370: 2367: 2320: 2317: 2201: 2200: 2198: 2197: 2190: 2183: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2157: 2145: 2133: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2101:Vulgar Marxism 2098: 2093: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1966:Related topics 1965: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1929:Monthly Review 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1909:Constellations 1906: 1901: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 942: 939:Other variants 937: 936: 933: 932: 927: 926: 925: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 881: 880: 876: 875: 874: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 835: 834: 828: 827: 826: 825: 823:Third-worldist 820: 815: 810: 809: 808: 803: 798: 793: 783: 775: 774: 766: 763: 762: 759: 758: 755: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 732:Historiography 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 688: 685: 684: 681: 680: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 649:Class struggle 645: 640: 639: 636: 635: 632: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 604:Metabolic rift 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 570: 569: 564: 559: 554: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 498: 493: 492: 489: 488: 485: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 453: 452: 447: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 396: 391: 390: 387: 386: 383: 382: 380:Marxist ethics 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 346: 341: 340: 337: 336: 333: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 220:Ways of Seeing 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 66: 61: 60: 57: 56: 48: 47: 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6606: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6557: 6551: 6547: 6546: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6526: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6499: 6495: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6457: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6438: 6434: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6410: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6396: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6360: 6356: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6322: 6314: 6310: 6299: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6270: 6265: 6264:György Lukács 6261: 6257: 6256: 6250: 6246: 6245: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6226: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6162: 6158: 6156:9780312272654 6152: 6148: 6147: 6141: 6137: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6110: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6006: 6005: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5973:Gollobin, Ira 5970: 5966: 5961: 5957: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5910: 5908:0-7178-0326-0 5904: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5880: 5876: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5848:1-84467-052-X 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5818: 5815: 5811: 5810: 5802: 5799: 5791: 5781: 5780:editing guide 5775: 5771: 5766: 5757: 5756: 5741: 5739:9781844678976 5735: 5731: 5726: 5725: 5719: 5718:Žižek, Slavoj 5713: 5705: 5701: 5694: 5687: 5682: 5673: 5666: 5658: 5656:9780865973947 5652: 5648: 5641: 5633: 5631:9780393329438 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5609: 5607: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5563: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5542: 5533: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5503: 5495: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5456: 5451: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5368: 5360: 5359:Penguin Books 5356: 5352: 5346: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5311: 5303: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5270: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5243: 5241:9798987931608 5237: 5233: 5226: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5202: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5158: 5150: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5103: 5087: 5081: 5074: 5068: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5027: 5022: 5015: 5008: 5005:. Cambridge: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4983: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4933: 4926: 4920: 4913: 4907: 4900: 4894: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4859: 4852: 4846: 4837: 4830: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4776: 4769: 4763: 4747: 4745: 4740: 4734: 4726: 4719: 4710: 4708: 4700: 4694: 4687: 4681: 4679: 4671: 4666: 4664: 4654: 4646: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4627: 4626: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4594:9780805080254 4590: 4586: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4566: 4562: 4560:9780871403544 4556: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4526: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4508:Stalin, Josef 4503: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4478: 4472: 4465: 4459: 4451: 4444: 4435: 4433: 4424: 4417: 4409: 4407:9798987931608 4403: 4399: 4392: 4385: 4379: 4371: 4367: 4360: 4352: 4345: 4341: 4328: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4174: 4171:February 2023 4165: 4161: 4158:This section 4156: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4092: 4090: 4089:authoritarian 4086: 4082: 4072: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4053: 4048: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4009: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3920: 3915: 3913: 3903: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3851: 3848:(July 1924), 3847: 3842: 3840: 3839:mystification 3836: 3832: 3828: 3827:individualist 3822: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3722:György Lukács 3713: 3710: 3702: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3660: – 3659: 3655: 3654:Find sources: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3632:This article 3630: 3626: 3621: 3620: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3597: 3590: 3580: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3429: 3427: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3389: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3256:War communism 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3135: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3073: 3072: 3065: 3064:Antonio Negri 3062: 3060: 3059:Kwame Nkrumah 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3039:György Lukács 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3029:Andrei Bubnov 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3014:Joseph Stalin 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2802: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2790:social change 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2765: 2759: 2750: 2749: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2667: 2665: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2638:Ernest Mandel 2635: 2631: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2472:societal ills 2469: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2457:socioeconomic 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2403: 2399:'s theory of 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2287:Joseph Stalin 2284: 2283: 2277: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2247:contradiction 2244: 2243:socioeconomic 2240: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2146: 2144: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2074:Revolutionary 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2054:Authoritarian 2052: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1856:Moufawad-Paul 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1015: 1014: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 966:Eurocommunism 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 951:Austromarxism 949: 947: 944: 943: 940: 935: 934: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 897:Communization 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 883: 882: 878: 877: 872: 871:Praxis School 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 838: 837: 836: 833: 830: 829: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 788: 787: 784: 782: 779: 778: 777: 776: 773: 770: 769: 761: 760: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 689: 683: 682: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 646: 643: 638: 637: 630: 629:Working class 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 549: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 499: 496: 491: 490: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 451: 448: 446: 443: 442: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 410:Crisis theory 408: 405: 401: 398: 397: 394: 389: 388: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 347: 344: 339: 338: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 67: 64: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 46: 43: 42: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 6544: 6524: 6498:the original 6474: 6455: 6432: 6422: 6408: 6394: 6363: 6344: 6334: 6301:. Retrieved 6282: 6268: 6254: 6243: 6213: 6190: 6169: 6165: 6145: 6125: 6113: 6103: 6081: 6058:(2): 54–57. 6055: 6049: 6023: 6003: 5976: 5945: 5932: 5926:Anti-Dühring 5924: 5916: 5897: 5874: 5857: 5838: 5825: 5816: 5794: 5785: 5773: 5728:. New York: 5723: 5712: 5699: 5693: 5681: 5671: 5665: 5646: 5640: 5620:. New York: 5617: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5547: 5541: 5512: 5502: 5478:. New York: 5475: 5462: 5450: 5438:. Retrieved 5431:the original 5402: 5398:Paleobiology 5396: 5376: 5367: 5354: 5345: 5337:Google Books 5335:– via 5317: 5310: 5279: 5269: 5259:. New York: 5256: 5250: 5231: 5225: 5217: 5209: 5189: 5182: 5164: 5157: 5147:– via 5141:. Retrieved 5136: 5126: 5116:– via 5112: 5102: 5090:. Retrieved 5080: 5072: 5067: 5030: 5024: 5014: 5009:, 1962. 116. 5002: 4999:condensation 4989: 4980: 4975: 4965: 4957: 4950: 4941: 4937: 4932: 4924: 4919: 4911: 4906: 4898: 4893: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4850: 4845: 4836: 4828: 4823: 4798: 4794: 4788: 4780: 4775: 4767: 4762: 4750:. Retrieved 4742: 4733: 4724: 4718: 4713:Marx, p. 25. 4698: 4693: 4685: 4657:Bhaskar 1979 4653: 4624: 4584: 4565:Google Books 4563:– via 4545: 4523:– via 4517:. Retrieved 4512: 4502: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4471: 4463: 4458: 4449: 4443: 4422: 4416: 4397: 4391: 4383: 4378: 4365: 4359: 4350: 4344: 4326: 4302:Fidel Castro 4284: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4181: 4168: 4164:adding to it 4159: 4131: 4112: 4099: 4093: 4079:Philosopher 4078: 4056: 4051: 4033: 4010: 4006: 3979: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3946: 3930:Loren Graham 3927: 3917: 3911: 3909: 3902:opposites". 3892: 3890: 3881:Eastern Bloc 3870: 3864: 3843: 3824: 3808: 3788: 3780:Soviet Union 3769: 3757: 3751: 3739: 3733: 3720: 3705: 3696: 3686: 3679: 3672: 3665: 3653: 3641:Please help 3636:verification 3633: 3601:Leon Trotsky 3595: 3593:In his book 3592: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3563: 3553: 3547: 3543: 3541: 3502:), biology ( 3483: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3451: 3449: 3346:Luxemburgism 3281:Soviet Union 3190:2nd Congress 3161: 3151: 3141: 3131: 3121: 3111: 3101: 3091: 3081: 3024:Alexei Rykov 2999:Leon Trotsky 2915: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2770: 2763: 2756: 2746: 2738: 2730: 2720: 2713: 2706:philosopher 2701: 2685: 2684:in his work 2681: 2675: 2673: 2660: 2649: 2643: 2633: 2627: 2607: 2605: 2600:mental world 2591: 2588: 2581: 2577: 2575: 2557: 2553:Anti-Dühring 2551: 2541: 2537:in principle 2536: 2522: 2501: 2497: 2491: 2488: 2480:exploitation 2465: 2438: 2407: 2400: 2378: 2372: 2348: 2341:Karl Kautsky 2336: 2324: 2322: 2302: 2280: 2278: 2273: 2262: 2251: 2235:social class 2205: 2204: 2039:Municipalism 1851:Bhattacharya 996:Situationist 971:Instrumental 624:State theory 589:Immiseration 584:Human nature 574:Exploitation 404:accumulation 354: 29: 6594:Materialism 6504:философии". 5999:Woods, Alan 5824:Afanasyev. 5730:Verso Books 4995:rarefaction 4871:(1): 1–23. 4779:Karl Marx, 4697:Karl Marx, 4633:. pp. 4519:15 December 4185:, formerly 4128:Of the term 4108:Max Eastman 4104:H. B. Acton 4044:cosmologist 3855:Karl Korsch 3748:proletariat 3516:determinist 3488:historicity 3341:Libertarian 3049:Ho Chi Minh 3009:Lev Kamenev 2971:Vanguardism 2583:Das Kapital 2578:magnum opus 2556:(1878) and 2533:natural law 2525:materialism 2498:interpreted 2453:materialist 2307:(1937), by 2285:(1938), by 2210:materialist 2002:Communalism 1401:Wallerstein 991:Revisionist 722:Film theory 702:Criminology 697:Archaeology 609:Proletariat 594:Imperialism 507:Bourgeoisie 482:Wage labour 375:Reification 165:On Practice 6568:Categories 6333:Oizerman, 6303:30 October 6286:. Moscow: 5995:Grant, Ted 5772:" section 5702:. London: 5482:. p. 5357:. London: 5290:. p. 4629:. Oxford: 4368:. London: 4336:References 4137:organicism 4081:Allen Wood 4047:Fang Lizhi 3951:, such as 3899:Mao Zedong 3811:utopianism 3699:April 2024 3669:newspapers 3506:), and in 3368:Proletkult 3358:Mensheviks 3331:Jacobinism 3261:Red Terror 3202:Bolsheviks 2921:Dual power 2878:Trotskyism 2853:Bolshevism 2785:Anaximenes 2740:dialectic. 2708:Heraclitus 2539:knowable. 2510:synonymous 2436:inequity. 2434:Dickensian 2428:, and the 2393:Democritus 2309:Mao Zedong 2059:Democratic 1924:Mediations 1536:Przeworski 1476:Poulantzas 1326:Sivanandan 1281:Bettelheim 1181:Horkheimer 1176:Mariátegui 1151:Pashukanis 1076:Liebknecht 1006:Wertkritik 946:Analytical 806:Trotskyism 781:Autonomist 772:Structural 752:Philosophy 692:Aesthetics 477:Value-form 445:Capitalist 350:Alienation 343:Philosophy 95:Grundrisse 6574:Dialectic 6510:cite book 6465:255226192 6321:cite book 6313:Plekhanov 6172:: 77–93. 5866:299919186 5440:4 October 4885:146430364 4815:148748256 4752:23 August 4603:263983621 4370:Routledge 4075:Criticism 3815:bourgeois 3752:orthodoxy 3528:electrons 3500:Helmholtz 3293:Comintern 3246:Civil War 2883:Workerism 2868:Nkrumaism 2858:Bordigism 2777:Aristotle 2630:empirical 2615:teleology 2463:reality. 2397:Lucretius 2353:in 1883. 2323:The term 2297:. In the 2214:Karl Marx 2106:Economism 2069:Reformist 2049:Socialism 1997:Communism 1977:Anarchism 1831:Coulthard 1756:McDonnell 1716:Screpanti 1626:Rowbotham 1491:Harnecker 1301:Althusser 1241:Deutscher 1081:Kollontai 1071:Luxemburg 1051:Plekhanov 981:Nkrumaism 892:Classical 866:Political 791:Guevarism 747:Sociology 727:Geography 547:Democracy 495:Sociology 450:Socialist 415:Commodity 6453:(1983). 6420:(1972). 6392:(1942). 6343:(2003). 6225:citation 6188:(2009), 6124:(2009). 6101:(1934). 6091:85217441 6001:(1995). 5975:(1986). 5895:(1978). 5839:For Marx 5720:(2013). 5616:(2005). 5510:(2002). 5470:(1995). 5427:83492071 5388:(1977). 5170:Archived 5143:9 August 5110:(1915). 5092:9 August 5059:11050189 4234:Concepts 4198:See also 4060:Big Bang 3912:New Life 3897:(1937), 3776:ontology 3763:exegesis 3726:Béla Kun 3512:Labriola 3251:Red Army 2895:Concepts 2829:Leninism 2820:a series 2818:Part of 2761:— 2743:— 2725:Web page 2718:— 2609:a priori 2476:autonomy 2445:idealist 2402:clinamen 2389:Epicurus 2319:The term 2032:Old Left 2027:New Left 1894:Antipode 1888:Journals 1791:Heinrich 1766:Roediger 1761:Douzinas 1751:Hennessy 1706:Holloway 1621:Hartsock 1611:Eagleton 1596:Federici 1571:Bannerji 1546:Therborn 1526:Rancière 1521:Easthope 1501:Anderson 1496:Altvater 1396:O'Connor 1391:Mészáros 1386:Guattari 1341:Thompson 1331:Miliband 1311:Williams 1296:Hobsbawm 1271:Emmanuel 1251:Beauvoir 1216:Lefebvre 1161:Benjamin 1126:Bukharin 1106:Zinoviev 1101:Grossman 1086:Bogdanov 1061:Connolly 1041:Lafargue 986:Orthodox 956:Centrist 907:Leninism 902:Feminist 851:Humanist 832:Hegelian 360:Ideology 37:a series 35:Part of 6060:Bibcode 5407:Bibcode 5073:Capital 4829:Capital 4497:(1895). 4122:truisms 4029:Lysenko 4017:Marxism 3942:Lysenko 3934:natural 3831:subject 3746:of the 3683:scholar 3336:Marxism 3179:History 2801:Capital 2758:matter. 2745:Hegel, 2634:Capital 2484:poverty 2422:Germany 2385:atomism 2131:Outline 2084:Utopian 1861:Srnicek 1846:Toscano 1841:Seymour 1796:Prashad 1746:Sankara 1741:Berardi 1726:Hampton 1701:Burawoy 1671:Panitch 1666:Haraway 1656:Cleaver 1641:Brenner 1606:Balibar 1561:Postone 1551:Losurdo 1481:Vattimo 1451:Gonzalo 1446:Jameson 1436:Parenti 1376:Liebman 1371:Guevara 1261:Nkrumah 1256:Sombart 1231:Padmore 1201:Kalecki 1196:Marcuse 1156:Bordiga 1141:Gramsci 1096:Trotsky 1056:Du Bois 1046:Kautsky 922:Western 801:Titoism 686:Aspects 642:History 562:Radical 400:Capital 100:Capital 45:Marxism 6552: 6531: 6490: 6480:Moscow 6463: 6439: 6378: 6351: 6294: 6202: 6153: 6132: 6089: 6030: 6011: 5983: 5905: 5881: 5864: 5845: 5768:This " 5736: 5676:p. 12. 5653: 5628: 5595: 5558: 5528: 5490: 5425: 5329: 5298: 5238: 5197: 5071:Marx, 5057: 5047: 4883: 4813: 4641: 4601: 4591: 4557: 4404: 4327: 4291:People 3685: 3678: 3671: 3664: 3656: 3586: 3536:matter 3524:x-rays 3514:) and 3504:Darwin 3167:(1925) 3157:(1924) 3147:(1920) 3137:(1918) 3127:(1917) 3117:(1917) 3107:(1909) 3097:(1902) 3087:(1899) 2988:People 2704:Ionian 2514:Fichte 2502:change 2426:France 2313:Maoism 2241:, and 2079:Social 2064:Market 1866:Horvat 1821:Fisher 1816:Linera 1811:Lordon 1801:Kelley 1786:Marcos 1781:Ghandy 1771:Foster 1696:Fraser 1691:Wright 1681:Jessop 1676:Clarke 1661:Bishop 1651:Massey 1631:Mouffe 1581:Newton 1576:Spivak 1566:Rodney 1531:Berman 1486:Badiou 1466:Laclau 1461:Harvey 1456:Dussel 1416:Debord 1411:Tronti 1381:Heller 1366:Castro 1361:Berger 1346:Bauman 1336:Cabral 1321:Mandel 1316:Freire 1306:Hinton 1286:Draper 1266:Sweezy 1236:Sartre 1226:Adorno 1191:Brecht 1146:Galiev 1121:Korsch 1116:Lukács 1091:Stalin 1036:Morris 1031:Engels 1019:People 796:Maoism 717:Ethics 557:Soviet 275:Empire 6212:, as 5593:JSTOR 5434:(PDF) 5423:S2CID 5393:(PDF) 5050:18866 4881:S2CID 4811:S2CID 4208:Books 4052:Wu Li 3947:Some 3919:done. 3690:JSTOR 3676:books 3236:RSFSR 2265:being 2208:is a 1876:Saito 1871:Hamza 1736:Žižek 1721:Tamás 1686:Davis 1646:Davis 1636:Geras 1601:Wolff 1586:Sakai 1541:Cohen 1516:Sison 1511:Vogel 1471:Bahro 1441:Negri 1431:Nairn 1356:Kosik 1351:Fanon 1291:Jones 1246:Hoxha 1221:James 1206:Fromm 1136:Serge 1111:Bloch 1066:Lenin 887:Black 512:Class 6550:ISBN 6529:ISBN 6516:link 6488:ISBN 6461:OCLC 6437:ISBN 6376:ISBN 6349:ISBN 6327:link 6305:2010 6292:ISBN 6231:link 6200:ISBN 6151:ISBN 6130:ISBN 6087:LCCN 6028:ISBN 6009:ISBN 5981:ISBN 5903:ISBN 5879:ISBN 5862:OCLC 5843:ISBN 5734:ISBN 5651:ISBN 5626:ISBN 5556:ISBN 5526:ISBN 5488:ISBN 5442:2009 5327:ISBN 5296:ISBN 5236:ISBN 5195:ISBN 5145:2012 5094:2012 5055:PMID 4997:and 4754:2021 4746:Blog 4639:ISBN 4637:–3. 4599:OCLC 4589:ISBN 4555:ISBN 4521:2021 4402:ISBN 4042:and 4011:The 3955:and 3936:and 3766:(§1) 3662:news 3544:sole 2792:and 2482:and 2391:and 2216:and 1836:Malm 1806:Dean 1776:West 1731:Cano 1711:Rose 1616:Kurz 1591:Wood 1556:Ture 1506:Löwy 1426:Hall 1421:Amin 1406:Mies 1276:Hill 1186:Dutt 1171:Basu 1026:Marx 917:Post 879:Both 861:Open 6368:doi 6174:doi 6068:doi 5585:doi 5520:of 5415:doi 5292:685 5286:of 5045:PMC 5035:doi 4873:doi 4803:doi 4635:212 4166:. 4139:". 4004:". 3891:In 3645:by 3476:In 2621:'s 2520:". 2416:in 2387:of 2224:to 1211:Cox 1166:Mao 912:Neo 6570:: 6512:}} 6508:{{ 6486:. 6482:: 6374:. 6323:}} 6319:{{ 6290:. 6266:. 6241:. 6227:}} 6223:{{ 6198:, 6170:46 6168:. 6066:. 6054:. 6048:. 5997:; 5943:. 5605:^ 5591:. 5581:34 5579:. 5550:. 5524:. 5486:. 5484:60 5421:. 5413:. 5401:. 5395:. 5384:; 5325:. 5321:. 5294:. 5168:. 5134:. 5053:. 5043:. 5031:97 5029:. 5023:. 4973:. 4879:. 4869:24 4867:. 4809:. 4799:19 4797:. 4741:. 4706:^ 4677:^ 4662:^ 4611:^ 4597:, 4573:^ 4553:. 4549:. 4533:^ 4510:. 4431:^ 4102:. 4031:. 3883:. 3857:. 3841:. 3786:. 3599:, 3526:, 2822:on 2796:. 2688:: 2658:. 2636:, 2625:. 2580:, 2424:, 2405:. 2315:. 2276:. 2237:, 1826:Li 1131:Ho 39:on 6558:. 6537:. 6518:) 6467:. 6445:. 6398:. 6384:. 6370:: 6357:. 6329:) 6272:. 6258:. 6247:. 6233:) 6180:. 6176:: 6159:. 6138:. 6093:. 6074:. 6070:: 6062:: 6056:9 6036:. 6017:. 5989:. 5967:. 5958:. 5949:. 5911:. 5887:. 5868:. 5851:. 5828:. 5819:. 5801:) 5795:( 5790:) 5786:( 5776:. 5742:. 5659:. 5634:. 5599:. 5587:: 5564:. 5534:. 5496:. 5444:. 5417:: 5409:: 5403:3 5339:. 5304:. 5263:. 5244:. 5203:. 5176:. 5151:. 5120:. 5096:. 5061:. 5037:: 4887:. 4875:: 4817:. 4805:: 4756:. 4647:. 4605:. 4567:. 4527:. 4452:. 4410:. 4372:. 4173:) 4169:( 3712:) 3706:( 3701:) 3697:( 3687:· 3680:· 3673:· 3666:· 3639:. 3439:e 3432:t 3425:v 2194:e 2187:t 2180:v 406:) 402:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index