1249:
1560:
694:
806:
495:
1514:
1495:
620:
1530:
1376:
1367:
1046:
873:
504 B.C. the two kings, during their invasion of Attica, failed in their undertaking on account of their secret enmity towards each other, it was decreed at Sparta, that in future only one king should command the army, and in consequence should only be accompanied by one of the images of the
Dioscuri. It is not improbable that these images, accompanying the kings into the field, were the ancient δόκανα, which were now disjointed, so that one-half of the symbol remained at Sparta, while the other was taken into the field by one of the kings.
966:
387:
764:
1545:
893:
1010:(θεοξενία), "god-entertaining", was particularly associated with Castor and Pollux. The two deities were summoned to a table laid with food, whether at individuals' own homes or in the public hearths or equivalent places controlled by states. They are sometimes shown arriving at a gallop over a food-laden table. Although such "table offerings" were a fairly common feature of Greek cult rituals, they were normally made in the shrines of the gods or heroes concerned. The domestic setting of the
1203:
1194:
787:
3860:
61:
934:, who associated them with the Spartan tradition of dual kingship and appreciated that two princes of their ruling house were elevated to immortality. Their connection there was very ancient: a uniquely Spartan aniconic representation of the Tyndaridai was as two upright posts joined by a cross-bar; as the protectors of the Spartan army the "beam figure" or
364:, Helen looks down from the walls of Troy and wonders why she does not see her brothers among the Achaeans. The narrator remarks that they are both already dead and buried back in their homeland of Lacedaemon, thus suggesting that at least in some early traditions, both were mortal. Their death and shared immortality offered by Zeus was material of the lost
689:
Some time later, Idas and
Lynceus visited their uncle's home in Sparta. The uncle was on his way to Crete, so he left Helen in charge of entertaining the guests, which included both sets of cousins, as well as Paris, prince of Troy. Castor and Pollux recognized the opportunity to exact revenge, made
872:
Dokana were ancient symbolical representation of the
Dioscuri. It consisted of two upright beams with others laid across them transversely. The Dioscuri were worshipped as gods of war, and their images accompanied the Spartan kings whenever they took the field against an enemy. But when in the year
377:
The
Dioscuri were regarded as helpers of mankind and held to be patrons of travellers and of sailors in particular, who invoked them to seek favourable winds. Their role as horsemen and boxers also led to them being regarded as the patrons of athletes and athletic contests. They characteristically
938:
was carried in front of the army on campaign. Sparta's unique dual kingship reflects the divine influence of the
Dioscuri. When the Spartan army marched to war, one king remained behind at home, accompanied by one of the Twins. "In this way the real political order is secured in the realm of the
709:
Meanwhile, Castor and Pollux had reached their destination. Castor climbed a tree to keep a watch as Pollux began to free the cattle. Far away, Idas and
Lynceus approached. Lynceus, named for the lynx because he could see in the dark, spied Castor hiding in the tree. Idas and Lynceus immediately
685:
together but fell out over the division of the meat. After stealing the herd, but before dividing it, the cousins butchered, quartered, and roasted a calf. As they prepared to eat, the gigantic Idas suggested that the herd be divided into two parts instead of four, based on which pair of cousins
690:
an excuse that justified leaving the feast, and set out to steal their cousins' herd. Idas and
Lynceus eventually set out for home, leaving Helen alone with Paris, who then kidnapped her. Thus, the four cousins helped set into motion the events that gave rise to the Trojan War.
1406:
attested to the presence of a "cult of
Castores" that the people did not want to abandon. In some instances, the twins appear to have simply been absorbed into a Christian framework; thus 4th century CE pottery and carvings from North Africa depict the Dioskouroi alongside the
1302:
had attributed their success at a legendary battle on the banks of the Sagras to the intervention of the Twins. The Roman legend could have had its origins in the
Locrian account and possibly supplies further evidence of cultural transmission between Rome and Magna Graecia.
710:
understood what was happening. Idas, furious, ambushed Castor, fatally wounding him with a blow from his spear – but not before Castor called out to warn Pollux. In the ensuing brawl, Pollux killed
Lynceus. As Idas was about to kill Pollux, Zeus, who had been watching from
1312:
and cavalry. Each year on July 15, Feast Day of the Dioskouroi, 1,800 equestrians would parade through the streets of Rome in an elaborate spectacle in which each rider wore full military attire and whatever decorations he had earned.
1559:
686:
finished their meal first. Castor and Pollux agreed. Idas quickly ate both his portion and Lynceus' portion. Castor and Pollux had been duped. They allowed their cousins to take the entire herd, but vowed someday to take revenge.
1494:
436:
they are treated as alive even though "the corn-bearing earth holds them". The author describes them as "having honour equal to gods", living on alternate days because of the intervention of Zeus. In both the
1513:
449:, Pollux is the son of Zeus while Castor is the son of the mortal Tyndareus. The theme of ambiguous parentage is not unique to Castor and Pollux; similar characterisations appear in the stories of
763:
1162:", Etruscan counterpart of Zeus. They were often portrayed on Etruscan mirrors. As was the fashion in Greece, they could also be portrayed symbolically; one example is seen in the
1529:
989:
tree was regarded by the Spartans as sacred to Castor and Pollux, and images of the twins were hung in its branches. The standard Spartan oath was to swear "by the two gods" (in
678:
wherein each had a son; Phoebe bore Mnesileos to Pollux and Hilaeira bore Anogon to Castor. This began a family feud among the four sons of the brothers Tyndareus and Aphareus.
2528:
2352:
491:. Shortly afterwards, Simonides was told that two young men wished to speak to him; after he had left the banqueting room, the roof fell in and crushed Scopas and his guests.
331:(fr. 24 M–W). The conventional account (attested first in Pindar, Nemean 10) combined these paternities so that only Pollux was fathered by Zeus, while Leda and her husband
1248:
335:
conceived Castor. This explains why they were granted an alternate immortality. The figure of Tyndareus may have entered their tradition to explain their archaic name
3292:
1419:. The church took an ambivalent attitude, rejecting the immortality of the Dioskouroi but seeking to replace them with equivalent Christian pairs. Saints Peter and
4260:
1544:
798:
Castor and Pollux are consistently associated with horses in art and literature. They are widely depicted as helmeted horsemen carrying spears. The Pseudo-
358:
Castor and Pollux are sometimes both mortal, sometimes both divine. One consistent point is that if only one of them is immortal, it is Pollux. In Homer's
1221:
From the 5th century BCE onwards, the brothers were revered by the Romans, probably as the result of cultural transmission via the Greek colonies of
693:
1485:
The iconography of Castor and Pollux influenced or has close parallels with depictions of divine male twins in cultures with Greco-Roman relations.
1065:, was named after them. In addition, according to legend the city was founded by them. According to another legend, the city was founded by their
4265:
2594:
1331:(act i, ll. 67–71) where she swears by Castor in line 67, then the negative prefix in line 71 denotes a refutation against swearing by Pollux.
300:. Pollux asked Zeus to let him share his own immortality with his twin to keep them together, and they were transformed into the constellation
1017:
The image of the twins attending a goddess are widespread and link the Dioskouroi with the male societies of initiates under the aegis of the
805:
825:, a pair of shields, or a pair of snakes. They are also often shown wearing felt caps, sometimes with stars above. They are depicted on
2288:; her twin's name Hilaeira ("the serene") is also a lunar attribute, their names "appropriate selectively to the new and the full moon".
1306:
The Romans believed that the twins aided them on the battlefield. Their role as horsemen made them particularly attractive to the Roman
487:
was rebuked by Scopas, his patron, for devoting too much space to praising Castor and Pollux in an ode celebrating Scopas' victory in a
4009:
1294:. According to legend, the twins fought at the head of the Roman army and subsequently brought news of the victory back to Rome. The
494:
599:, on the throne of Athens. Aethra was then forced to become Helen's slave. She was ultimately returned to her home by her grandsons
3421:
721:
or giving half his immortality to his mortal brother. He opted for the latter, enabling the twins to alternate between Olympus and
461:' Fragment 34a, though whether this poem antedates the Homeric Hymn to the twins is unknown. They appear together in two plays by
273:. Though accounts of their birth are varied, they are sometimes said to have been born from an egg, along with their twin sisters
1428:
3298:
4323:
770:
624:
4358:
4328:
3381:
3307:'s themes of the unequal brothers and faithfulness and salvation, with the Christian parallels in the dual nature of Christ.
2737:
short prose work which purports to be a first hand account of the Trojan War by Dares, a Trojan priest of Hephaestus in the
1176:
is painted for them. Another is symbolised in a painting depicted as two pointed caps crowned with laurel, referring to the
1233:("To Castor and Pollux, the Dioskouroi"), suggests a direct transmission from the Greeks; the word "qurois" is virtually a
419:("... there are two commanders I do not see, / Castor the horse breaker and the boxer / Polydeuces, my brothers..." –
4403:
958:
where Helen, Menelaus, Castor and Pollux were all said to be buried. Castor himself was also venerated in the region of
4373:
4277:
2907:
31:
3202:
3120:
3095:
3051:
3026:
3001:
2870:
2845:
2817:
2251:
2196:
2142:
2091:
1997:
1874:
1810:
1727:
1273:
985:. Lesser shrines to Castor, Pollux and Helen were also established at a number of other locations around Sparta. The
2478:
4398:
2348:
1327:, women generally swear by Castor, and men by Pollux; this is exemplified by the slave-woman character Staphyla in
348:
4393:
4071:
1659:
1473:
mentions the Dioskouroi in a neutral context, as the figurehead of an Alexandrian ship boarded by Paul in Malta (
270:
38:
2461:
1753:
619:
4363:
3414:
884:
state that δόκανα was the name of the graves of the Dioscuri at Sparta, and derived from the verb δέχομαι.
309:
2753:
4318:
2900:
Amilla: The Quest for Excellence. Studies Presented to Guenter Kopcke in Celebration of His 75th Birthday
2444:
Parker, Robert Christopher Towneley (2003), "Dioscuri", in Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Anthony (eds.),
2305:
VI), it was asserted that "these three heroes were the first strangers upon whom this gift was bestowed."
1257:
897:
651:
4383:
4348:
4308:
3942:
3916:
1653:
3394:
857:(πῖλος), which was already explained in antiquity as the remnants of the egg from which they hatched.
817:
reliefs they are depicted with a variety of symbols representing the concept of twinhood, such as the
343:
in literature, in turn occasioning incompatible accounts of their parentage. Their other sisters were
4378:
4333:
4076:
3911:
3336:
838:
663:
427:
4338:
4191:
4170:
4160:
3567:
3430:
1424:
969:
Relief (2nd century BCE) depicting the Dioskouroi galloping above a winged Victory, with a banquet
682:
592:
17:
3136:
907:
The Dioskouroi were worshipped by the Greeks and Romans alike; there were temples to the twins in
654:("white horse"). Both women were already betrothed to cousins of the Dioscuri, the twin brothers
4175:
3407:
1656:, twins gods in Mesopotamian mythology also thought to be represented by the constellation Gemini
1277:
1163:
998:
809:
One of the twins wearing the egg-shaped cap, here marked with a celestial symbol (2nd century CE)
323:
There is much contradictory information regarding the parentage of the Dioscuri. In the Homeric
4388:
4003:
1744:
1675:
1605:
1385:
1342:
726:
717:
Returning to the dying Castor, Pollux was given the choice by Zeus of spending all his time on
327:(11.298–304), they are the sons of Tyndareus alone, but they were sons of Zeus in the Hesiodic
301:
4353:
4222:
4119:
3775:
3694:
3442:
1375:
1366:
978:
826:
3178:
2686:
Kazhdan, Alexander; Talbot, Alice-Mary (1991), "Dioskouroi", in Kazhdan, Alexander P (ed.),
1287:
4217:
4101:
4055:
3845:
3689:
3462:
2661:
2281:
1504:
1470:
1439:
1124:
1112:
750:
671:
643:
344:
177:
8:
4368:
4255:
4061:
3947:
3921:
3780:
3629:
3619:
3582:
3154:
1765:
1447:
881:
525:
Both Dioscuri were excellent horsemen and hunters who participated in the hunting of the
473:
458:
163:
4313:
4134:
3760:
3724:
3684:
3659:
3562:
3542:
3482:
3399:
3362:
3344:
1574:
1501:
1412:
1225:
in southern Italy. An archaic Latin inscription of the 6th or 5th century BCE found at
698:
655:
600:
305:
3395:
The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Castor and Pollux—the Dioscuri)
1252:
Star crosses indicate the constellation Gemini on this Roman oil lamp (1st century CE)
1045:
773:
Roman sarcophagus (160 CE) depicting the rape of the Leucippides, Phoebe and Hilaeira
4272:
4232:
3886:
3840:
3714:
3704:
3654:
3527:
3507:
3487:
3377:
3198:
3116:
3091:
3047:
3022:
2997:
2903:
2866:
2841:
2813:
2765:
2588:
2314:
Kerényi draws attention especially to the rock carvings in the town of Akrai, Sicily.
1680:
1086:
642:
Castor and Pollux aspired to marry the Leucippides ("daughters of the white horse"),
629:
484:
1384:
Late Roman Imperial Dioscuri, transferred from a temple of Castor and Pollux to the
965:
409:
Ancient Greek authors tell a number of versions of the story of Castor and Pollux.
4165:
3896:
3815:
3755:
3614:
3592:
3577:
3217:
3190:
2833:
2216:
2161:
2110:
2062:
1917:
1833:
1781:
1701:
1617:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1420:
1308:
864:
as "blond haired, large eyed, fair complexioned, and well-built with trim bodies".
846:
722:
386:
308:. They were also associated with horsemanship, in keeping with their origin as the
258:
147:
3221:
2495:
1466:, father of Pollux, in what MacDonald calls a form of early Christian Dioscurism.
849:
of the egg containing Helen. They can be recognized in some vase-paintings by the
4343:
4287:
4282:
4201:
4196:
4049:
4017:
3901:
3434:
3083:
2297:
In the oration of the Athenian peace emissary sent to Sparta in 69, according to
1408:
1234:
734:
526:
243:
239:
3312:
3253:
2643:
4139:
4028:
3891:
3609:
3240:
2665:
1736:
1670:
1645:
1550:
1317:
1050:
1026:
861:
742:
378:
intervened at the moment of crisis, aiding those who honoured or trusted them.
2749:
2747:
892:
821:(δόκανα – two upright pieces of wood connected by two cross-beams), a pair of
4302:
4066:
3990:
3906:
3835:
3805:
3785:
3634:
3557:
3547:
3448:
3354:
Lippolis, Enzo (2009). "Rituali Di Guerra: I Dioscuri a Sparta e a Taranto".
1625:
1500:
Etruscan inscription to the Dioskouroi as "sons of Zeus" at the bottom of an
1299:
1222:
1172:
786:
738:
730:
718:
711:
420:
304:. The pair were regarded as the patrons of sailors, to whom they appeared as
274:
185:
1202:
1193:
269:, who seduced Leda in the guise of a swan. The pair are thus an example of
4129:
4124:
4086:
3983:
3532:
3472:
2744:
1399:
1177:
1131:
1116:
1106:
981:, and as deceased mortals in Hades, whose spirits had to be propitiated by
850:
791:
488:
467:
391:
312:
278:
235:
212:
189:
3537:
1637:
1423:
were thus adopted in place of the Dioskouroi as patrons of travelers, and
1127:
413:
portrays them initially as ordinary mortals, treating them as dead in the
3881:
2944:
1520:
1416:
1261:
1090:
990:
509:
60:
3859:
3366:
3348:
3339:(1991). "Etruscan Twins and Mirror Images: The Dioskouroi at the Door."
3167:
802:
manuscript depicts the brothers hunting, both on horseback and on foot.
4091:
3998:
3765:
3750:
3740:
3669:
3649:
3324:
The Twin Horse Gods: The Dioskouroi in Mythologies of the Ancient World
2955:
2933:
1538:
silver platter with warrior twins on winged horses (5th/6th century CE)
1403:
1389:
1350:
1033:. The Dioscuri are the inventors of war dances, which characterize the
1022:
596:
371:
2460:
Alcæus of Mytilene (1982), "Fragment 34", in David A. Campbell (ed.),
1427:
took over their function as healers. Some have also associated Saints
4237:
3825:
3719:
2922:
2719:
1535:
1455:
1291:
1167:
1143:
1058:
1030:
1006:
927:
876:
The name δόκανα seems that it comes from δοκός which meant beam, but
842:
667:
548:
462:
332:
262:
153:
2477:
Alcæus of Mytilene (May 2011), "Fragment 34a", in Tout Coule (ed.),
1553:
textile with elevated twins receiving offerings (7th/8th century CE)
757:
rewarded them with horses to ride and power to aid shipwrecked men.
4144:
4081:
4022:
3926:
3745:
3699:
3674:
3604:
3512:
3497:
3492:
3467:
2714:
2298:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1282:
1241:, while "Podlouquei" is effectively a transliteration of the Greek
1226:
982:
959:
947:
919:, as well as shrines in many other locations in the ancient world.
912:
754:
746:
725:. The brothers became the two brightest stars in the constellation
702:
647:
560:
556:
505:
498:
450:
352:
181:
103:
3297:, translated by Douglas Hedley and Russell Manning, archived from
3046:, vol. 1. A History, Cambridge University Press, p. 21,
1057:
The ancient city of Dioscurias or Dioskurias (Διοσκουριάς) on the
3800:
3790:
3709:
3679:
3664:
3624:
3522:
3372:
Robbins, Emmet (2013). "The Divine Twins in Early Greek Poetry".
1631:
1624:; alongside their father, they are the guardians of the gates of
1591:
1474:
1459:
1450:. MacDonald cites the origin of this identification to 1913 when
1402:, the Dioskouroi continued to be venerated. The 5th century pope
1334:
1324:
1212:
1120:
1082:
1066:
1062:
1034:
951:
822:
584:
563:. After returning from the voyage, the Dioscuri helped Jason and
501:
454:
432:
3291:
Ringleben, Joachim, "An Interpretation of the 10th Nemean Ode",
1280:
in 495 BCE. The establishment of a temple may also be a form of
4227:
3969:
3963:
3876:
3810:
3795:
3770:
3552:
3477:
3304:
3279:
2695:
2285:
2047:
1595:
1458:, a Greek version probably of an Aramaic name meaning "Sons of
1338:
1070:
1018:
931:
923:
908:
830:
814:
799:
675:
604:
588:
572:
568:
564:
552:
480:
446:
442:
366:
261:, but they had different fathers; Castor was the mortal son of
113:
2234:
2188:
2179:
2131:
2128:
1944:
1863:
1719:
4096:
3820:
3644:
3599:
3587:
3572:
3517:
2863:
Objects on a Table: Harmonious Disarray in Art and Literature
1857:
1665:
1570:
1295:
1267:
1159:
1014:
was a characteristic distinction accorded to the Dioskouroi.
530:
415:
410:
402:
360:
1264:
at the heart of their city, was undertaken to fulfill a vow
1097:(Διοσκουρίδου νήσος), meaning "the island of the Dioscuri".
845:, as well as in religious ceremonies and at the delivery to
3977:
3830:
3067:
Smith, Christopher (2007), "The Religion of Archaic Rome",
2267:
2083:
2071:
2042:
2025:
1989:
1980:
1956:
1947:
1929:
1926:
1894:
1796:
1758:
1599:
1566:
1523:
with a star connected to each twin's head (30 BCE – 395 CE)
1463:
986:
916:
901:
877:
745:). As emblems of immortality and death, the Dioscuri, like
659:
608:
535:
445:, they are described as the sons of Tyndareus and Leda. In
266:
232:
159:
53:
Twin gods, patrons of sailors, associated with horsemanship
2463:
Sappho, Alcaeus. Greek Lyric, Volume I: Sappho and Alcaeus
2068:
1974:
1962:
1854:
1842:
1790:
1290:
from a defeated town to Rome, where cult would be offered
3639:
3374:
Thalia Delighting in Song: Essays on Ancient Greek Poetry
2402:
Howatson, M. C.; Chilvers, Ian, eds. (1996), "Dioscūri",
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2237:
2225:
2182:
2167:
2119:
2077:
1971:
1941:
1848:
1710:
977:
They were commemorated both as gods on Olympus worthy of
714:, hurled a thunderbolt, killing Idas and saving his son.
591:
to rescue her. In revenge they abducted Theseus's mother
551:, Pollux took part in a boxing contest and defeated King
265:, the king of Sparta, while Pollux was the divine son of
3429:
2808:
Sekunda, Nicholas "Nick" Victor; Hook, Richard (1998),
3247:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 212–13
2879:
2789:
2583:] (in Greek), vol. II, Athens, pp. 20–23
2533:
2357:
841:
regularly show them capturing Phoebe and Hilaeira, as
2252:
2243:
2228:
2197:
2170:
2143:
2134:
2122:
2116:
2092:
2080:
1998:
1968:
1965:
1938:
1935:
1920:
1875:
1866:
1860:
1836:
1811:
1802:
1799:
1728:
1713:
1707:
37:"Heavenly Twins" redirects here. For other uses, see
2960:
2404:
The Concise Oxford Companion to Classical Literature
2240:
2231:
2222:
2185:
2176:
2164:
2125:
1986:
1977:
1953:
1923:
1845:
1839:
1793:
1787:
1716:
1648:, extinct dog breed said to have been bred by Castor
3090:, vol. II, Kessinger Publishing, p. 191,
2973:
2777:
2754:
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Dokana
2219:
2173:
2113:
2074:
2065:
1959:
1932:
1851:
1784:
1704:
1215:, was named for the paintings flanking the entrance
401:, holding a horse's reins and spears and wearing a
2476:
2459:
614:
3376:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 238–253.
3017:de Grummond, Nancy Thomson; Simon, Erika (2006),
2898:Hockmann, Ursula (2013). Koehl, Robert B. (ed.).
4300:
3016:
2991:
2648:Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter
2401:
2284:("the pure") is a familiar epithet of the moon,
595:and took her to Sparta while setting his rival,
3042:Beard, Mary; North, John; Price, Simon (1998),
3041:
1573:observe the birth of Helen and Dioscuri (Dutch
2992:Bonfante, Giuliano; Bonfante, Larissa (2002),
2570:
2568:
1316:Castor and Pollux are also represented in the
1137:
674:. Castor and Pollux carried the women off to
3415:
2685:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
1183:
65:Statues of Castor and Pollux (3rd century AD)
3319:. Excerpts in English of classical sources.
2996:, Manchester University Press, p. 204,
2840:, US: Oxford University Press, p. 114,
2381:
2379:
922:The Dioskouroi and their sisters grew up in
749:, were said to have been initiated into the
3115:, Cambridge University Press, p. 187,
2902:. INSTAP Academic Press. pp. 367–368.
2807:
2627:Routledge (2002), "Castor and Polydeuces",
2032:
1901:
1438:identifies Castor and Pollux as models for
587:, the half-brothers invaded his kingdom of
3422:
3408:
3226:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–4
2681:
2679:
2593:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2545:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2332:
1640:, the divine twins in Lithuanian mythology
1100:
930:; they were particularly important to the
284:In Latin, the twins are also known as the
59:
3271:Dictionary of Celtic Religion and Culture
3197:, Yale University Press, pp. 24–32,
3189:
3110:
3021:, University of Texas Press, p. 60,
2860:
2626:
2574:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2385:
2376:
1276:in gratitude at the Roman victory in the
946:or grave-shrine was on a mountain top at
681:The cousins carried out a cattle-raid in
571:in revenge for the treachery of its king
3195:The Homeric Epics and the Gospel of Mark
2897:
2764:
2511:
2505:
1341:, and the god made him a gift of Dotor (
1247:
1044:
964:
891:
804:
785:
705:sculpture group (latter 5th century BCE)
692:
618:
583:When their sister Helen was abducted by
493:
385:
3326:. London, New York: I. B. Tauris, 2015.
3252:
3239:
3082:
2885:
2832:
2795:
2783:
2701:
2676:
2642:
2539:
2423:Roberts, John, ed. (2007), "Dioscūri",
2422:
2411:
2370:
1662:, when two males father fraternal twins
1429:Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Melapsippus
14:
4301:
3260:, Thames and Hundson, pp. 105–12
3216:
2945:Ammianus Marcellinus, History, 22.8.24
2443:
2432:
2386:Cotterell, Arthur (1997), "Dioscuri",
954:from Sparta, at a shrine known as the
837:(Ἀργώ) and rustling cattle with Idas.
625:The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus
3403:
3290:
3268:
3168:Photius, Bibliotheca excerpts, 190.50
3066:
2979:
2713:
2609:
2607:
2605:
1634:, the divine twins of Vedic mythology
1337:wrote that Polydeuces was a lover of
1076:
1040:
3341:Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin
1320:by the use of eggs as lap counters.
887:
829:(an element of a Doric frieze) from
381:
2934:Pomponius Mela, Chorographia, 1.111
2650:, Princeton: Bollingen, p. 122
1356:
457:. The Dioscuri are also invoked in
24:
3858:
3330:
3278:
3179:Photius, Bibliotheca excerpts - GR
2688:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
2602:
1683:, sometimes linked to the Dioscuri
833:showing them on the voyage of the
32:Castor and Pollux (disambiguation)
25:
4415:
3388:
3111:McDonnell, Myles Anthony (2006),
2812:, Osprey Publishing, p. 53,
2735:History of the Fall of Troy 12. A
2493:
2427:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
2425:Dictionary of the Classical World
1462:", thunder being associated with
1274:Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis
1029:, the Dioscuri were venerated in
578:
131:Feast of the Dioskouroi (July 15)
2629:Who's Who in Classical Mythology
2215:
2160:
2109:
2061:
1916:
1832:
1780:
1700:
1558:
1543:
1528:
1512:
1493:
1374:
1365:
1201:
1192:
762:
3210:
3183:
3172:
3161:
3147:
3129:
3104:
3076:
3060:
3035:
3010:
2985:
2949:
2938:
2927:
2916:
2891:
2854:
2826:
2801:
2758:
2727:
2707:
2655:
2636:
2620:
2521:
2487:
2470:
2453:
2446:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
2395:
2388:A Dictionary of World Mythology
2337:, London: Bloomsbury Publishing
2333:Bloomsbury (1996), "Dioscuri",
2308:
2291:
2275:
2208:
1660:Heteropaternal superfecundation
1323:In translations of comedies by
615:Leucippides, Lynceus, and death
542:
271:heteropaternal superfecundation
39:Heavenly Twins (disambiguation)
2341:
2326:
2153:
2102:
2054:
1909:
1825:
1773:
1693:
781:
559:, a savage mythical people in
13:
1:
4324:Characters in the Argonautica
3069:A Companion to Roman Religion
3019:The Religion of the Etruscans
2320:
2037:'sons of Zeus', from
1594:, a Spartan epithet used for
1231:Castorei Podlouqueique qurois
1111:The heavenly twins appear in
633:
547:During the expedition of the
529:and later joined the crew of
516:above a warship (369–363 BCE)
508:strangling snakes (top), and
395:
4359:Family of Calyce (mythology)
4329:Children of Leda (mythology)
2268:
2026:
1895:
1759:
1119:brother-horsemen called the
926:, in the royal household of
520:
339:in Spartan inscriptions, or
77:Dioskouroi (Latin, Dioscuri)
7:
3193:(2000), "Sons of thunder",
3141:www.tribunesandtriumphs.org
2865:, Basic Books, p. 63,
1585:
1258:Temple of Castor and Pollux
1211:The House of the Dioscuri,
1138:Etruscan Kastur and Pultuce
1115:tradition as the effulgent
1093:, was called by the Greeks
898:Temple of Castor and Pollux
896:Fragmentary remains of the
10:
4420:
4404:Princes in Greek mythology
3917:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
3856:
3337:De Grummond, Nancy Thomson
3233:
2956:Solinus, Polyhistor, 15.17
2516:, Bristol: Classical Press
2260:
2018:
1887:
1748:
1654:Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea
1480:
1434:The New Testament scholar
1346:
1184:Italy and the Roman Empire
1104:
1069:, Amphitus and Cercius of
1049:One of the Dioscuri, on a
89:Polydeuces (Latin, Pollux)
36:
29:
4374:Greek mythological heroes
4248:
4210:
4184:
4153:
4112:
4040:
3956:
3935:
3912:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
3869:
3733:
3458:
3441:
2772:, Oxford University Press
2770:A Dictionary of the Bible
2690:, Oxford University Press
2575:Stratikis, Potis (1987),
2448:, Oxford University Press
2406:, Oxford University Press
2390:, Oxford University Press
867:
208:
200:
195:
173:
140:
135:
127:
119:
109:
99:
70:
58:
51:
46:
4171:Rape of the Sabine Women
3269:Maier, Bernhard (1997),
3258:The Heroes of the Greeks
2615:Encyclopædia Britannica.
2512:Campbell, David (1967),
1687:
1425:Saints Cosmas and Damian
1256:The construction of the
1164:Tomb of the Funereal Bed
1130:, and possibly Germanic
318:
246:, known together as the
209:Indo-European equivalent
4399:Life-death-rebirth gods
4176:Battle of Lacus Curtius
3071:, Blackwell, p. 37
2861:Davenport, Guy (1999),
2704:, p. 107 note 584.
1602:, and Castor and Pollux
1398:Even after the rise of
1286:, the transferral of a
1278:Battle of Lake Regillus
1146:venerated the twins as
1101:Indo-European analogues
1053:pillar (2nd century CE)
1019:Anatolian Great Goddess
973:laid out for them below
860:They were described by
567:to destroy the city of
483:tells the story of how
4394:Mythological Laconians
3863:
3431:Ancient Roman religion
3273:, Boydell & Brewer
2014:
1906:'much sweet '.
1819:
1740:
1606:Alexiares and Anicetus
1386:Piazza del Campidoglio
1253:
1154:, collectively as the
1085:, located between the
1054:
1021:and the great gods of
974:
904:
810:
795:
706:
639:
517:
406:
3862:
2994:The Etruscan Language
2923:Hyginus, Fabulae, 275
1519:Limestone stele from
1431:with the Dioskouroi.
1292:in exchange for favor
1251:
1048:
968:
895:
808:
789:
697:A twin supported by
696:
622:
504:stele depicting baby
497:
389:
4056:Interpretatio graeca
3356:Archeologia Classica
3155:"Plautus: Aulularia"
2768:(1997), "Dioscuri",
2010:-yuu-ry, -ree
1471:Acts of the Apostles
1440:James son of Zebedee
962:in northern Greece.
751:Eleusinian mysteries
30:For other uses, see
27:Greek mythical twins
4364:Gemini in astrology
4256:Classical mythology
4077:Theology of victory
3922:Kings of Alba Longa
3088:The History of Rome
2631:, London: Routledge
1469:More directly, the
1454:published his work
882:Etymologicum Magnum
650:, whose father was
201:Etruscan equivalent
4319:Astronomical myths
3864:
2766:Browning, W. R. F.
2733:Dares of Phrygia.
2577:Ελληνική Μυθολογία
2514:Greek Lyric Poetry
2335:Dictionary of Myth
1413:Raising of Lazarus
1254:
1237:of the Greek word
1077:Island of Dioscuri
1055:
1041:City of Dioscurias
975:
905:
811:
796:
707:
640:
607:after the fall of
518:
407:
204:Kastur and Pultuce
166:(father of Pollux)
156:(father of Castor)
4384:Greek war deities
4349:Deeds of Poseidon
4309:Castor and Pollux
4296:
4295:
4273:Etruscan religion
3887:Romulus and Remus
3870:Legendary figures
3854:
3853:
3503:Castor and Pollux
3382:978-1-4426-1343-0
3322:Walker, Henry J.
3218:Harris, J. Rendel
3191:MacDonald, Dennis
3044:Religions of Rome
2266:
2259:; Ancient Greek:
2036:
2024:
2017:; Ancient Greek:
1905:
1893:
1886:; Ancient Greek:
1770:'beaver'.
1769:
1757:
1681:Thracian horseman
1260:, located in the
1087:Guardafui Channel
888:Shrines and rites
753:. In some myths,
485:Simonides of Ceos
399: 460–450 BC
382:Classical sources
292:, as well as the
257:Their mother was
218:
217:
100:Major cult center
47:Castor and Pollux
16:(Redirected from
4411:
4379:Greek underworld
4334:Children of Zeus
4166:Founding of Rome
3936:Legendary beings
3897:Tullus Hostilius
3734:Abstract deities
3593:Lares Familiares
3456:
3455:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3318:
3302:
3286:
3284:Tenth Nemean Ode
3274:
3264:
3248:
3228:
3227:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3187:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3137:"Circus Maximus"
3133:
3127:
3125:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3084:Mommsen, Theodor
3080:
3074:
3072:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3014:
3008:
3006:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2964:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2834:Pomeroy, Sarah B
2830:
2824:
2822:
2810:The Spartan Army
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2762:
2756:
2751:
2742:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2674:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2584:
2572:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2441:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2374:
2368:
2355:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2330:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2295:
2289:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2265:romanized:
2264:
2262:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2212:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2106:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2058:
2052:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2023:romanized:
2022:
2020:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1892:romanized:
1891:
1889:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1829:
1823:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1777:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1697:
1562:
1547:
1532:
1516:
1502:Attic red-figure
1497:
1452:J. Rendel Harris
1442:and his brother
1436:Dennis MacDonald
1378:
1369:
1357:Christianization
1348:
1205:
1196:
1156:tinas cliniiaras
775:(Vatican Museum)
766:
638:
635:
400:
397:
63:
44:
43:
21:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4339:Chthonic beings
4299:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4288:Myth and ritual
4283:Greek mythology
4244:
4206:
4202:Pignora imperii
4197:Parabiago Plate
4180:
4149:
4108:
4042:
4036:
4018:Sibylline Books
3952:
3931:
3902:Servius Tullius
3865:
3850:
3729:
3445:
3437:
3428:
3391:
3333:
3331:Further reading
3317:, Theoi Project
3310:
3241:Burkert, Walter
3236:
3231:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3113:Roman Manliness
3109:
3105:
3098:
3081:
3077:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3015:
3011:
3004:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2732:
2728:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2684:
2677:
2660:
2656:
2641:
2637:
2625:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2586:
2585:
2581:Greek Mythology
2573:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2510:
2506:
2492:
2488:
2475:
2471:
2458:
2454:
2442:
2433:
2421:
2412:
2400:
2396:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2358:
2346:
2342:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2296:
2292:
2280:
2276:
2253:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1985:
1952:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1880:
1876:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1812:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1729:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1646:Castorian (dog)
1608:, twin-sons of
1588:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1524:
1517:
1508:
1507:(c. 515–510 BC)
1498:
1483:
1409:Twelve Apostles
1396:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1359:
1235:transliteration
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1186:
1140:
1109:
1103:
1079:
1043:
890:
870:
853:they wear, the
794:with Dioskouroi
784:
779:
778:
777:
772:
767:
735:Alpha Geminorum
729:("the twins"):
636:
617:
581:
545:
527:Calydonian Boar
523:
398:
384:
321:
306:St. Elmo's fire
244:Roman mythology
169:
95:
66:
54:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4417:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4140:Pythagoreanism
4137:
4135:Peripateticism
4132:
4127:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4029:The Golden Ass
4020:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3987:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3948:Barnacle goose
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3892:Numa Pompilius
3889:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3439:
3438:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3389:External links
3387:
3386:
3385:
3370:
3352:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3311:"Dioskouroi",
3308:
3294:Ars Disputandi
3288:
3276:
3266:
3250:
3245:Greek Religion
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3209:
3203:
3182:
3171:
3160:
3146:
3128:
3121:
3103:
3096:
3075:
3059:
3052:
3034:
3027:
3009:
3002:
2984:
2972:
2959:
2948:
2937:
2926:
2915:
2909:978-1931534734
2908:
2890:
2888:, p. 111.
2878:
2871:
2853:
2846:
2825:
2818:
2800:
2798:, p. 107.
2788:
2776:
2757:
2743:
2726:
2706:
2694:
2675:
2654:
2635:
2619:
2601:
2544:
2542:, p. 109.
2532:
2520:
2504:
2486:
2469:
2452:
2431:
2410:
2394:
2375:
2373:, p. 212.
2356:
2340:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2307:
2290:
2274:
2207:
2152:
2101:
2053:
1908:
1824:
1772:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1603:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1564:
1557:
1555:
1551:Byzantine silk
1549:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1527:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1448:Gospel of Mark
1383:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1318:Circus Maximus
1288:tutelary deity
1229:, which reads
1210:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1139:
1136:
1105:Main article:
1102:
1099:
1081:The island of
1078:
1075:
1061:coast, modern
1051:Las Incantadas
1042:
1039:
1027:Archaic period
911:, such as the
889:
886:
869:
866:
862:Dares Phrygius
783:
780:
769:
768:
761:
760:
759:
743:Beta Geminorum
616:
613:
580:
579:Rescuing Helen
577:
544:
541:
522:
519:
430:), but in the
383:
380:
320:
317:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
193:
192:
175:
171:
170:
168:
167:
157:
151:
144:
142:
138:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
74:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
52:
49:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4416:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4389:Horse deities
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:Imperial cult
4060:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:and practices
4039:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3991:Metamorphoses
3988:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3907:Ancus Marcius
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Tranquillitas
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:Dii Consentes
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:. pp. 10–31.
3342:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3301:on 2013-04-14
3300:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3254:Kerényi, Karl
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3206:
3204:0-300-08012-3
3200:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3124:
3122:0-521-82788-4
3118:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3097:1-4191-6625-5
3093:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3070:
3063:
3055:
3053:0-521-45646-0
3049:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3028:0-292-70687-1
3024:
3020:
3013:
3005:
3003:0-7190-5540-7
2999:
2995:
2988:
2982:, p. 96.
2981:
2976:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2919:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2882:
2874:
2872:1-58243-035-7
2868:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2847:0-19-513067-7
2843:
2839:
2838:Spartan Women
2835:
2829:
2821:
2819:1-85532-659-0
2815:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2780:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2649:
2645:
2644:Kerényi, Karl
2639:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2596:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2527:Apollodorus,
2524:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2447:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2426:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2405:
2398:
2389:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2311:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2270:
2258:
2257:
2248:
2211:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2156:
2149:
2148:
2139:
2105:
2098:
2097:
2088:
2057:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2012:
2011:
1994:
1912:
1897:
1885:
1884:
1871:
1828:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1776:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1745:Ancient Greek
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:Gozu and Mezu
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:Mount Olympus
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1368:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1343:Ancient Greek
1340:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1329:A Pot of Gold
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1300:Magna Graecia
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:Magna Graecia
1214:
1204:
1195:
1181:
1179:
1178:Phrygian caps
1175:
1174:
1173:lectisternium
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:Indo-European
1108:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1025:. During the
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
993:: νά τώ θεὼ,
992:
988:
984:
980:
972:
967:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
940:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
910:
903:
899:
894:
885:
883:
879:
874:
865:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
807:
803:
801:
793:
788:
776:
771:
765:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:Mount Olympus
715:
713:
712:Mount Olympus
704:
700:
695:
691:
687:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
631:
627:
626:
621:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
540:
538:
537:
533:'s ship, the
532:
528:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:
496:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
476:
475:
470:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
434:
429:
426:
422:
418:
417:
412:
405:-style helmet
404:
393:
388:
379:
375:
373:
369:
368:
363:
362:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
316:
314:
311:
310:Indo-European
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:("twins") or
287:
282:
280:
276:
275:Helen of Troy
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:half-brothers
234:
230:
226:
222:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
191:
187:
186:Helen of Troy
183:
179:
176:
172:
165:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
73:
69:
62:
57:
50:
45:
40:
33:
19:
4354:Divine twins
4192:Gubernaculum
4161:Golden Bough
4130:Neoplatonism
4125:Epicureanism
4054:
4027:
4008:
3989:
3982:
3968:
3502:
3473:Anna Perenna
3447:
3373:
3358:
3355:
3340:
3323:
3313:
3299:the original
3293:
3283:
3270:
3261:
3257:
3244:
3222:
3212:
3194:
3185:
3174:
3163:
3149:
3140:
3131:
3112:
3106:
3087:
3078:
3068:
3062:
3043:
3037:
3018:
3012:
2993:
2987:
2975:
2967:
2962:
2951:
2940:
2929:
2918:
2899:
2893:
2886:Kerényi 1959
2881:
2862:
2856:
2837:
2828:
2809:
2803:
2796:Kerényi 1959
2791:
2784:Burkert 1985
2779:
2769:
2760:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2718:
2709:
2702:Kerényi 1959
2697:
2687:
2669:
2666:
2657:
2647:
2638:
2628:
2622:
2614:
2613:"Dioscuri".
2580:
2576:
2540:Kerényi 1959
2535:
2523:
2513:
2507:
2496:
2489:
2479:
2472:
2462:
2455:
2445:
2424:
2403:
2397:
2387:
2371:Burkert 1985
2343:
2334:
2328:
2310:
2302:
2293:
2277:
2210:
2155:
2104:
2056:
2046:
2038:
1911:
1827:
1775:
1695:
1484:
1468:
1433:
1400:Christianity
1397:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1281:
1265:
1255:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1220:
1171:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1110:
1107:Divine twins
1095:Dioskouridou
1094:
1080:
1056:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1004:The rite of
1003:
994:
976:
970:
955:
943:
941:
935:
921:
906:
875:
871:
859:
854:
834:
818:
812:
797:
792:Antiochus VI
774:
716:
708:
688:
680:
641:
623:
582:
546:
543:As Argonauts
534:
524:
513:
489:chariot race
479:
472:
466:
438:
431:
424:
414:
408:
392:calyx krater
390:Castor on a
376:
365:
359:
357:
340:
336:
328:
324:
322:
297:
293:
289:
285:
283:
279:Clytemnestra
256:
251:
247:
228:
224:
220:
219:
213:Divine twins
190:Clytemnestra
92:The Two Gods
4266:Persecution
4218:Gallo-Roman
4010:Res divinae
3882:Rhea Silvia
2670:Astronomica
2349:Apollodorus
2006:-e(y)e, dy-
1521:Roman Egypt
1417:Saint Peter
1262:Roman Forum
1158:, "Sons of
1091:Arabian Sea
1067:charioteers
999:Dual number
991:Doric Greek
971:(theoxenia)
950:across the
839:Greek vases
782:Iconography
670:'s brother
637: 1618
510:Athena Alea
313:horse twins
196:Equivalents
71:Other names
4369:Greek gods
4303:Categories
4211:Variations
4113:Philosophy
4092:Capitolium
3999:Propertius
3766:Averruncus
3751:Aeternitas
3741:Abundantia
3670:Proserpina
3361:: 117–59.
2980:Maier 1997
2480:tout coule
2321:References
2269:Tundarídai
2261:Τυνδαρίδαι
2027:Dióskouroi
2019:Διόσκουροι
1896:Polydeúkēs
1888:Πολυδεύκης
1404:Gelasius I
1390:Capitoline
1351:Thessalian
1243:Πολυδεύκης
1125:Lithuanian
1023:Samothrace
995:ná tō theō
956:Meneláeion
666:, sons of
597:Menestheus
514:Dioskouroi
372:Epic cycle
341:Tyndaridai
337:Tindaridai
294:Tyndaridae
252:Dioskouroi
229:Polydeuces
180:, Phoebe,
4314:Argonauts
4238:Mithraism
4223:Mysteries
4072:Palladium
4050:Festivals
3826:Securitas
3776:Concordia
3720:Vertumnus
3538:Dīs Pater
3435:mythology
3262:et passim
3223:Boanerges
2966:Tacitus,
2720:Lycophron
2715:Scholiast
2303:Hellenica
2051:('boys').
2013:; Latin:
1818:; Latin:
1754:romanized
1638:Ašvieniai
1536:Sassanian
1456:Boanerges
1168:Tarquinia
1144:Etruscans
1128:Ašvieniai
1059:Black Sea
1031:Naukratis
1012:theoxenia
1007:theoxenia
997:, in the
983:libations
979:holocaust
928:Tyndareus
851:skull-cap
843:Argonauts
701:, from a
668:Tyndareus
652:Leucippus
549:Argonauts
521:Mythology
463:Euripides
428:3.253–255
333:Tyndareus
329:Catalogue
298:Tyndarids
263:Tyndareus
154:Tyndareus
136:Genealogy
128:Festivals
86:Tyndarids
4278:Glossary
4249:See also
4145:Stoicism
4120:Cynicism
4082:Pomerium
4041:Concepts
4023:Apuleius
3943:She-wolf
3927:Hersilia
3846:Victoria
3746:Aequitas
3700:Summanus
3690:Silvanus
3675:Quirinus
3605:Libertas
3568:Hercules
3513:Cloacina
3498:Carmenta
3493:Bona Dea
3468:Angerona
3463:Agenoria
3367:44367982
3349:40514336
3314:Ouranios
3256:(1959),
3243:(1985),
3220:(1913),
3086:(2004),
2968:Germania
2836:(2002),
2646:(1967),
2589:citation
2347:Compare
2299:Xenophon
2256:-də-ridz
2015:Dioscūrī
1622:Juventas
1614:Hercules
1610:Heracles
1586:See also
1575:majolica
1415:or with
1296:Locrians
1283:evocatio
1272:made by
1227:Lavinium
1170:where a
1089:and the
960:Kastoria
948:Therapne
932:Spartans
913:Anakeion
880:and the
823:amphorae
790:Coin of
755:Poseidon
747:Heracles
672:Aphareus
664:Messenia
648:Hilaeira
601:Demophon
561:Bithynia
557:Bebryces
512:and the
506:Herakles
499:Boeotian
451:Herakles
353:Philonoe
345:Timandra
290:Castores
248:Dioscuri
182:Philonoe
178:Timandra
174:Siblings
150:(mother)
104:Anakeion
83:Castores
18:Dioskuri
4261:Decline
4185:Objects
4087:Temples
4067:Charity
3801:Laverna
3791:Fortuna
3781:Feronia
3710:Veritas
3680:Salacia
3665:Priapus
3650:Penates
3630:Neptune
3625:Minerva
3620:Mercury
3583:Jupiter
3523:Dea Dia
3488:Bellona
3443:Deities
3234:Sources
2662:Hyginus
2500:, Theoi
2494:Homer,
2147:-ər-eez
2096:-in-eye
2045:') and
2035:
1904:
1768:
1756::
1632:Ashvins
1592:Ambulia
1577:, 1550)
1481:Gallery
1475:Acts 28
1460:Thunder
1446:in the
1392:in 1585
1388:on the
1353:horse.
1349:), the
1335:Photius
1325:Plautus
1309:equites
1239:κούροις
1213:Pompeii
1152:Pultuce
1121:Ashvins
1083:Socotra
1063:Sukhumi
1035:Kuretes
952:Eurotas
939:Gods".
827:metopes
703:Locrian
683:Arcadia
656:Lynceus
585:Theseus
555:of the
502:proxeny
474:Elektra
459:Alcaeus
455:Theseus
441:and in
439:Odyssey
433:Odyssey
370:in the
325:Odyssey
164:Jupiter
141:Parents
4344:Cybele
4228:Cybele
4154:Events
4102:Celtic
3970:Aeneid
3964:Virgil
3877:Aeneas
3811:Pietas
3796:Fontus
3771:Caelus
3761:Annona
3756:Africa
3725:Vulcan
3685:Saturn
3660:Pomona
3563:Genius
3553:Faunus
3543:Egeria
3483:Aurora
3478:Apollo
3380:
3365:
3347:
3305:Pindar
3280:Pindar
3201:
3119:
3094:
3050:
3025:
3000:
2906:
2869:
2844:
2816:
2673:2.22.2
2529:1.9.16
2353:1.9.16
2286:Selene
2282:Phoebe
2202:-id-ee
2048:koûroi
1820:Pollūx
1760:Kástōr
1749:Κάστωρ
1741:Castōr
1596:Athena
1569:, and
1565:Zeus,
1477::11).
1411:, the
1339:Hermes
1148:Kastur
1071:Sparta
944:herōon
942:Their
936:dókana
924:Sparta
915:, and
909:Athens
868:Dokana
831:Delphi
819:dokana
815:votive
800:Oppian
739:Pollux
737:) and
731:Castor
727:Gemini
699:Triton
676:Sparta
644:Phoebe
630:Rubens
605:Acamas
593:Aethra
589:Attica
573:Pelias
569:Iolcus
565:Peleus
553:Amycus
481:Cicero
447:Pindar
443:Hesiod
367:Cypria
351:, and
349:Phoebe
302:Gemini
286:Gemini
231:) are
225:Pollux
221:Castor
120:Gender
114:Horses
80:Gemini
4097:Cella
4004:Varro
3984:Fasti
3957:Texts
3841:Terra
3821:Salus
3786:Fides
3715:Vesta
3705:Venus
3655:Pluto
3645:Orcus
3600:Liber
3588:Lares
3573:Janus
3558:Flora
3548:Fauna
3528:Diana
3518:Cupid
3508:Ceres
3363:JSTOR
3345:JSTOR
2739:Iliad
2617:2008.
2579:[
2004:SKURE
1883:-seez
1737:Latin
1688:Notes
1666:Janus
1505:kylix
1347:Δώτορ
1268:votum
1160:Tinia
1132:Alcis
1117:Vedic
855:pilos
723:Hades
531:Jason
468:Helen
425:Iliad
421:Helen
416:Iliad
411:Homer
403:pilos
361:Iliad
319:Birth
240:Greek
110:Mount
4233:Isis
3978:Ovid
3831:Spes
3816:Roma
3615:Mars
3610:Luna
3578:Juno
3533:Dies
3433:and
3378:ISBN
3199:ISBN
3117:ISBN
3092:ISBN
3048:ISBN
3023:ISBN
2998:ISBN
2904:ISBN
2867:ISBN
2842:ISBN
2814:ISBN
2595:link
2497:Hymn
2200:DARR
2198:tin-
2145:KAST
2043:Zeus
2039:Dîos
2033:lit.
1902:lit.
1879:-ih-
1815:-əks
1766:lit.
1732:-tər
1618:Hebe
1616:and
1600:Zeus
1571:Amor
1567:Hera
1464:Zeus
1444:John
1421:Paul
1150:and
1142:The
987:pear
917:Rome
902:Rome
878:Suda
847:Leda
835:Argo
660:Idas
658:and
646:and
609:Troy
603:and
536:Argo
471:and
453:and
277:and
267:Zeus
259:Leda
242:and
233:twin
227:(or
223:and
188:and
160:Zeus
148:Leda
123:Male
3806:Pax
3695:Sol
3640:Ops
3635:Nox
2970:43.
2254:TIN
2094:JEM
2008:OSK
2002:-ə-
1945:ʊər
1881:DEW
1877:POL
1813:POL
1730:KAS
1671:Nio
1298:of
1166:at
1001:).
900:in
813:On
662:of
628:by
394:of
296:or
250:or
238:in
4305::
3359:60
3303:.
3282:,
3139:.
2746:^
2717:,
2678:^
2667:De
2664:,
2604:^
2591:}}
2587:{{
2547:^
2434:^
2413:^
2378:^
2359:^
2351:,
2263:,
2235:ər
2189:iː
2180:ær
2132:iː
2129:ər
2084:aɪ
2069:dʒ
2041:('
2030:,
2021:,
2000:DY
1984:,-
1981:aɪ
1957:aɪ
1948:aɪ
1927:aɪ
1899:,
1890:,
1864:iː
1858:uː
1855:dj
1763:,
1751:,
1747::
1743:;
1739::
1735:;
1720:ər
1598:,
1345::
1245:.
1180:.
1134:.
1123:,
1073:.
1037:.
634:c.
632:,
611:.
575:.
539:.
477:.
465:,
423:,
396:c.
374:.
355:.
347:,
315:.
281:.
254:.
184:,
3452:)
3446:(
3423:e
3416:t
3409:v
3384:.
3369:.
3351:.
3287:.
3275:.
3265:.
3249:.
3157:.
3143:.
3126:.
3101:.
3073:.
3057:.
3032:.
3007:.
2912:.
2876:.
2851:.
2823:.
2786:.
2774:.
2741:.
2724:.
2692:.
2652:.
2633:.
2599:.
2597:)
2518:.
2502:.
2484:.
2467:.
2450:.
2429:.
2408:.
2392:.
2301:(
2272:.
2247:/
2244:z
2241:d
2238:ɪ
2232:d
2229:n
2226:ɪ
2223:t
2220:ˈ
2217:/
2205:.
2192:/
2186:d
2183:ɪ
2177:d
2174:ˈ
2171:n
2168:ɪ
2165:t
2162:/
2150:.
2138:/
2135:z
2126:t
2123:s
2120:æ
2117:k
2114:ˈ
2111:/
2099:.
2087:/
2081:n
2078:ɪ
2075:m
2072:ɛ
2066:ˈ
2063:/
1993:/
1990:i
1987:r
1978:r
1975:ʊ
1972:j
1969:k
1966:s
1963:ɒ
1960:ˈ
1954:d
1951:,
1942:j
1939:k
1936:s
1933:ˈ
1930:ə
1924:d
1921:ˌ
1918:/
1870:/
1867:z
1861:s
1852:ˈ
1849:ɪ
1846:l
1843:ɒ
1840:p
1837:ˌ
1834:/
1822:.
1806:/
1803:s
1800:k
1797:ə
1794:l
1791:ɒ
1788:p
1785:ˈ
1782:/
1723:/
1717:t
1714:s
1711:æ
1708:k
1705:ˈ
1702:/
1628:.
1620:/
1612:/
1270:)
1266:(
741:(
733:(
162:–
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
