781:
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the Harewa side to the northeast of the city by night. Despite losing three tanks to landmines en route, they launched a ground and air assault the following day. Initially caught off guard, the
Ethiopians had anticipated the attack on Jijiga instead. The battle was fierce, but it was ultimately the Ethiopian air force that shattered the Somali resolve by destroying sixteen of their tanks. By day's end, the attackers had exhausted their strength and retreated, leaving behind a trail of abandoned equipment, including tanks, armored cars, rocket launchers, artillery pieces, as well as hundreds of rifles and machine guns, all proudly displayed by the Ethiopian forces. According to Gebru Tareke, the success of the
765:, which was dry for most of the year and became a torrent only when it rained. The north-western part of the town was planned and constructed very regularly, mostly by the engineers of the railway company. At first, this part of the town mostly housed the employees of the railway company, but it later attracted, besides the French, also Greeks, Armenians, other Europeans and Arabs, who opened shops and hotels and founded some industry as well. In 1909 the French Capuchin Mission settled in Dire Dawa. At that time Dire Dawa looked like a French town. The other part of the town, southeast of the river, concentrated around the market and was inhabited mainly by Ethiopian, Somali and a few Arab traders.
165:
248:
714:
981:
2279:
195:
154:
145:
813:
215:
185:
125:
114:
722:
1074:). The mean annual temperature of Dire Dawa is about 25.9 °C or 78.6 °F. The average maximum temperature of Dire Dawa is 32.8 °C or 91.0 °F, while its average minimum temperature is about 19.0 °C or 66.2 °F. The region has two rain seasons; that is, a small rain season from March to April, and a more pronounced rain season that extends from July to August. The aggregate average annual rainfall that the region gets from these two seasons is about 670 millimetres or 26 inches.
281:
2037:
3500:
3947:
354:
2073:
2065:
134:
792:. Formerly the governor of the strategic village of Gildessa and its environs, Mersha was instrumental in the construction of the first railway and establishment of the railway city. The imperial railway company (Cie) played a key role in the early development of the city, particularly Gezira (aka Kezira), under the authority of the Ethiopian government. The original failed company was reorganized as the joint-government
876:. They were met by two French armed cars: the railway remained under French administration and they had remained to protect French interests. The next day, the first train under Italian control left Addis Ababa: it brought Italy's 46th Infantry Regiment and finally closed the pincers of the two Italian invasion forces. The occupation of the town was more or less a formality, although resistance fighters known as
3959:
676:
288:
255:
222:
3971:
912:, was formed for welfare purposes. Although its leadership cooperated with the government, its attempt to strike in 1949 was brutally suppressed by imperial troops; at the time, all strikes were seen as forms of insurrection or treason. In 1955, a public address system was installed in the central square to receive and rebroadcast state radio transmissions.
924:
affected the city in many ways. Starting March 1974, there was some worker unrest; six people were wounded when police opened fire on demonstrating railwaymen and students on 17 April. Many
Europeans, Yemeni Arabs, and Indians left Dire Dawa; the Greek and Armenian churches were eventually closed due
828:
celebrated their meeting on the railway station of Dire Dawa. The
Italians constructed several new buildings in Dire Dawa, especially for the administration and the Fascist party. They also improved the roads and enlarged the airport so that their military planes could take off from there to bomb the
1011:
On 24 June 2002, a small explosive was detonated at the headquarters of the
Ethiopian Railway Commission in Dire Dawa. The Oromo Liberation Front afterwards claimed responsibility for this attack in retaliation "for the continuing harassment of Oromo students, merchants, and farmers by the Ethiopian
1042:
Currently, there are plans to revitalize the city. A historic and popular part of the city is to be demolished and replaced by a financial center, malls, mixed-use buildings, hotels, recreational facilities, and hospitals. As part of the plan, historical buildings will be renovated, and a new space
952:
by Somali troops in the summer of 1977. Opposing them were the Second
Militia Division, the 201st Battalion, the 781st Battalion of the Seventy-eighth Brigade, the Fourth Mechanized Company, and one platoon of the Eightieth Tank Battalion, with only two tanks. On August 17 the Somalis moved in from
892:
In June 1940 the
British started to bomb the town and on 29 March 1941 Dire Dawa was liberated by the Allied forces from Harar. The town remained under British Military Administration, being the headquarters for the British Reserved Area, till it was handed over to the Ethiopian government in 1947.
776:
During the 1920s, the south-eastern part of the town also started to develop. Its inhabitants were mostly Somali and Oromo, the other
Ethiopians playing only a minor role. The population here grew to 3,000, while that of the whole town numbered 20,000. Between the two World Wars, two hospitals were
757:
For financial and diplomatic reasons the railway was not continued until 1909 and the final inauguration of the whole line from
Djibouti to Addis Ababa-again delayed by the revolution of 1916-only took place on 7 June 1917. During all this time, Dire Dawa was practically the town profited much and
1965:
of
Ethiopia (CSA), Dire Dawa had a population of 341,834, of whom 171,461 were men and 170,461 women. 233,224 or 68.23% of the population were urban inhabitants. For all of Dire Dawa, 76,815 households were counted living in 72,937 housing units, which resulted in an average of 4.5 persons per
1038:
to Dire Dawa, killed 41 people 4 March 2009. The truck was carrying an unknown number of day laborers when the accident happened, and 38 were immediately killed and as many as 50 were injured. Dead and injured were taken to Dil-chora
Hospital in Dire Dawa. The cause was not immediately known.
753:
accepted (in a later dated 5 November 1896) that the first part of the line might finish at a village at the foot of the mountains, which should be named Addis Harar ("New Harrar"). The railway reached this location on 24 December 1902, a date which may be considered the day of Dire Dawa's
772:
took hold of the town. Though Lij Iyasu's governor there, the Syrian Hasib al-Idlibi, assured their security, 400 Europeans left the town and the rail traffic had to be suspended. After the battle of Maeso, the governmental troops from Addis Ababa re-established a regular administration.
777:
established in Dire Dawa, one by the railway company and another in 1934 by the government. Education on a primary level was provided by a government school, a Catholic mission school and several schools for the different foreign communities in the town (Greek, Italian, Indian).
758:
became a "boom city", attracting most of the trade which formerly passed through Harar. By 1902 the Ethiopian government, anticipating the future economic importance of Dire Dawa, had already transferred the customs station for trade with the Red Sea from Gildessa to Dire Dawa.
1043:
will be allotted for building new homes and businesses for those displaced by the move. New roads, parks, and an industrial zone will also be built, and major railway project is expected to greatly increase business activity in the city.
829:
patriot forces in the Gara Mulleta. As for other towns, the Italians conceived a "piano regolatore" for the construction of an Italian town in Dire Dawa. However, their occupation ended before they could complete these plans.
1026:
overflowed their banks. About 200 people were reported dead, thousands were displaced and there was extensive damage to homes and markets especially along the Dechatu River. Floods are fairly common during the June–September
804:
opened its first branch in the city and, a generation later, the writer C.F. Rey described the city as the most "advanced" urban center in the area, with good roads, electric lights, and piped water.
3482:
905:
848:) and other destruction as a response to the demands of the United States and certain European countries for the safety of their citizens. The Italian army entered the country from the colonies of
3053:
780:
3353:
2052:
for Dire Dawa as of 2005 include the following: 11.4% of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 76.6% and for women 53%; and the civic
3475:
613:, at the foot of a ring of cliffs. The western outskirts of the city lie on the Gorro River, a tributary of the Dechatu River. It is located at the latitude and longitude of
1958:
The projected population for 1 July 2015 was 440,000 for the entire chartered city and 277,000 for the city proper, making the latter the seventh largest city in Ethiopia.
2171:
Dire Dawa was the inspiration for the fictional town "Debra Dowa", capital of the fictional East African nation "Azania" in the "outrageously un-politically correct tale"
1008:, of which Dire Dawa was part of at the time, so the federal government placed the city under its own jurisdiction to avoid territorial conflict between the two regions.
893:
In the following decades the town greatly expanded and the population grew to 160,000. The infrastructure was ameliorated and several industrial plants were established.
2056:
is 71 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is less than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants’ first month of life.
3460:
3468:
655:
The projected population for 2015 was 440,000 for the entire chartered city and 277,000 for the city proper, making the latter the seventh largest city in Ethiopia.
2818:
820:
On 9 May 1936 Dire Dawa was occupied by Italian troops coming from Harar, after Somali troops from Djibouti had prevented looting during the period of interregnum.
1015:
Dire Dawa moved out of federal administration to become a chartered city in 2004 after the federal parliament approved the city charter in proclamation 416/2004.
2525:
Clark, John; Williams, Kenneth; Michaels, Joseph; Marean, Curtis (1984). "A Middle Stone Age Occupation Site at Porc Epic at Dire Dawa (East-Central Ethiopia)".
2609:
The Prehistoric Cultures of the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Stone Age Cultural and Climatic Succession in the Somalilands and Eastern Parts of Abyssinia
488:
3382:
J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 1004-1007
1966:
household, with urban households having 4.2 people per household on average, and rural households 4.9 people. Ethnic groups in the region include the
3028:
2943:
Asnake Kefale (2014). "Ethnic decentralization and the challenges of inclusive governance in multiethnic cities: The case of Dire Dawa, Ethiopia".
3057:
738:
km by rail from Djibouti), however, is of very recent origin. It owes its foundation to a technical problem: when it became impossible to lay the
2490:
1012:
government." Although blamed for other isolated incidents, this was the latest bombing inside Ethiopia for which the OLF claimed responsibility.
796:
in 1908 and, after a period of financial negotiation and recapitalization, construction began anew, linking the city with the Ethiopian capital
2757:
2152:
174:
From top: Dire Dawa Train Station; Dire Dawa Downtown; Street view of Dire Dawa; Kafira Market; Skyline view in afternoon; Bete Mikael Church
2316:
3649:
3616:
3611:
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in the southeast. Following all major engagements of the war, Dire Dawa was the location of the meeting of the two Italian forces. General
3436:
Pankhurst, R. (2010). Who were the 'Young Ethiopians' (or Young Abyssinians): An historical inquiry. Education Issue, Vol. 2, no.2, p: 129
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2639:. Annotation: Dir, According to Huntingford a settlement which may be modern Dire Dawa. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 24.
616:
3490:
2160:
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and Laga-Oda only a few kilometers from Dire Dawa. The area surrounding Dire Dawa is believed to have been a settlement of the extinct
2140:
1035:
247:
2045:
2001:
Traditionally the Nole Oromo clan used the area as grazing land, and farming in the Laga Harre district. They live alongside the
3567:
316:
4006:
2617:
2590:
1962:
3658:
3448:
576:
2980:
2815:
2506:
Perlès, Catherine (1974). "Réexamen typologique de l'industrie du Porc Épic (Éthiopie): les pointes et pièces pointues".
3319:
3292:
3155:
710:
until Menelik's conquest of the kingdom in 1887 and consequently became incorporated into modern Ethiopia from thereon.
2426:
Kefale, Asnake. "Ethnic Federalism and Conflict Management in Ethiopia: The Case of Dire Dawa" in Luc Sindjoun (ed.)'s
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1987:
938:
3332:
3302:
2907:
2671:
2644:
2474:
1823:
993:
800:
in 1917. The Dire Dawa-Harar road was improved in 1928, shortening the travel time to only a few hours. In 1931, the
214:
194:
2048:: 69.61% of rural and 99.48% of urban inhabitants having access. Values for other reported common indicators of the
860:'s units, advancing from Harar, reached the city's barbed-wire fence on 6 May 1936, the day after the occupation of
3642:
3429:
Imbert-Vier, S. (2011). Tracer des frontières à Djibouti: Des territoires et des hommes aux XIXe et XXe siècles; p.
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2005:
clan which share both Oromo and Somali identities, speaking the Oromo language and tracing their genealogy to the
1056:
3532:
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MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base "Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) attacked Government target (June 24, 2002, Ethiopia)"
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claimed the city. As a result, there were numerous clashes between the two groups from 1991 until 1993. When the
941:
was sacked for alleged anti-revolutionary activities. Ten new officials were appointed pending fresh elections.
896:
Following the restoration of the empire in 1941, Dire Dawa was among the early provincial towns to have its own
2233:
2340:
3562:
3371:"2008. Ethiopia Atlas of Key Demographic and Health Indicators, 2005." (Calverton: Macro International, 2008)
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1995:
901:
588:
280:
2451:
Referencing Dir confederation of Somali clans which inhabit vast area between the Red Sea and Dir Dawa. See
1031:; over 200 people in the region had been killed by flooding in 2005 that did millions of dollars in damage.
4001:
2292:
2148:
2100:
1943:
880:("Patriots") continued to operate throughout the conflict. It was officially known by its Italian spelling
2032:"Including the land round Harar and Dire Dawa inhabited by the Somalis of the 'Iise and Gadabuursi clans."
3635:
2688:
2091:
km northwest of the city centre close to the town of Melka Jebdu. In addition, the city is served by the
1933:
833:
3339:
Including the land round Harar and Dire Dawa inhabited by the Somalis of the 'Iise and Gadabuursi clans.
3032:
184:
3937:
3277:
3254:
3231:
3208:
20:
3100:
3078:
2025:
mainly reside within the urban town and also in the rural areas surrounding the chartered city state.
937:
factory was also later nationalized. In August 1976, the entire leadership of the local branch of the
2144:
1913:
3268:
3245:
3222:
3199:
3527:
3491:
1052:
909:
793:
466:
3455:
3177:
3029:"Dire is booming but landmark get the axe « Addis Ababa – Addis Ababa News & City Guide"
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739:
476:
2607:
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1982:(15,554, 4.5%), among other groups (5.5%). The religion with the most believers in Dire Dawa is
706:
during the medieval times. During the 19th century, the region was considered the domain of the
3012:
1819:
997:
992:
on 31 May 1991 and there were reports of about 100 people killed resisting the EPRDF. Both the
592:
2431:
1004:
was being established in 1993, it wanted Dire Dawa to be its capital. This was opposed by the
3015:
2661:
2053:
1067:
713:
664:
3122:
164:
3996:
3391:
2883:
2116:
980:
968:
In May 1979, 250 Oromos who were detained in the prisons of Dire Dawa were executed by the
929:
announced that the Cotton Company of Ethiopia was among 14 textile enterprises to be fully
789:
8:
3509:
2259:
2254:
949:
921:
873:
747:
550:
428:
404:
99:
2389:
2369:"Ethiopia: Regions, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts"
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ordered that Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa be spared air attacks (which included the use of
687:
The region was already inhabited in Mesolithic times, as revealed by rock paintings and
3991:
2960:
2751:
2542:
2244:
2190:
2049:
1975:
853:
388:
3417:
587:
were a part of the Dire Dawa autonomous region of the Somali Region stipulated in the
3804:
3729:
3328:
3298:
2964:
2903:
2667:
2640:
2613:
2586:
2546:
2470:
2128:
2096:
1983:
1903:
1767:
1720:
1598:
812:
649:
3975:
3899:
2952:
2663:
Emirate, Egyptian, Ethiopian: Colonial Experiences in Late Nineteenth-Century Harar
2534:
2297:
2249:
841:
837:
825:
801:
707:
688:
603:
529:
458:
47:
3951:
3754:
3357:
2984:
2956:
2822:
2634:
2156:
934:
930:
849:
821:
556:
537:
510:
85:
2996:
124:
3789:
3689:
3537:
2403:
2173:
1991:
1923:
954:
865:
703:
692:
645:
541:
66:
2977:
721:
153:
144:
113:
3985:
3884:
3572:
3557:
3552:
3542:
3522:
3370:
3151:
2724:
2368:
2284:
2104:
2076:
1971:
1878:
1868:
1005:
1001:
762:
631:
618:
610:
568:
331:
318:
3764:
3759:
3734:
2178:
2132:
2036:
1967:
1848:
3963:
3879:
3859:
3769:
3724:
3674:
3590:
3517:
2131:, there are predominantly Muslim mosques. There are also a few churches,
2010:
958:
861:
845:
816:
Italian troops taking possession of the Dire Dawa railway station in 1936
797:
580:
3426:
Bekele, Shiferaw (1989). Aspects of the History of Dire Dawa (1902–1936)
3270:
Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census
3247:
Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census
3224:
Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census
3201:
Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census
2923:
Wagner, Ewald (2005). "History of Dire Dawa". In Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.).
3904:
3694:
2565:
2538:
2452:
2264:
2022:
2018:
2017:
make up a significant number of urban and rural Dire Dawa, whereas the
2014:
2006:
1028:
962:
945:
750:
584:
525:
439:
3864:
3779:
3774:
3719:
3627:
2239:
1646:
769:
449:
2492:
Dire Dawa's dilemma: Sharing power in Ethiopia's eastern melting pot
2428:
The Coming African Hour: Dialectics of Opportunities and Constraints
2072:
2064:
3739:
3499:
3494:
3130:
Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
3000:
2744:
History of Ethiopian Towns: from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to 1935
2435:
869:
857:
564:
359:
3919:
3889:
3869:
3844:
3839:
3679:
3582:
2002:
1858:
133:
3360:
CSA Selected Basic Welfare Indicators (accessed 28 January 2009)
3123:"Klimatafel von Dire Dawa (Diredaua), Provinz Harar / Äthiopien"
2633:ʻArabfaqīh, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir (2003-01-01).
900:
league. Around 1947, their team—the Taffari—participated in the
3909:
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3874:
3849:
3829:
3824:
3809:
3784:
3749:
3744:
3704:
3547:
2103:
provides inter-city bus service. The taxicabs are often called
2044:
According to the CSA, as of 2004, 90.76% of the population had
1979:
897:
599:
572:
454:
3054:"Industrial Park to be Constructed in Adama, Dire Dawa Cities"
1081:
Climate data for Dire Dawa (1991-2020, extremes 1952–present)
675:
498:
3924:
3854:
3834:
3794:
3709:
3699:
3669:
3351:"Households by sources of drinking water, safe water sources"
2796:
289–290. Haile Selassie University Press (Addis Ababa), 1968.
989:
975:
743:
696:
680:
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foundation. The new name, however, did not win recognition.
3914:
3819:
3814:
3714:
3684:
2562:"Office exerts effort to preserve historical heritage site"
2524:
1826:(rainfall 1981–2010), Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)
969:
926:
2095:
with its western terminus located in the city centre. The
761:
Dire Dawa developed into two settlements separated by the
3456:
Diredawa Administration Charter Proclamation No. 416/2004
3321:
Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society
3294:
Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society
2184:
609:
Dire Dawa lies in the eastern part of the nation, on the
3013:"Death toll for recent road accident reaches 41: Police"
3178:"Climate & Weather Averages in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia"
2099:
offers flights to and from the city. Additionally, the
887:
3935:
2390:"Maps, Weather, and Airports for Dire Dawa, Ethiopia"
957:
in holding Dire Dawa (17–18 August 1977) against the
3018:
website, dated 5 March 2009 (accessed 14 April 2009)
2708:
2404:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
2274:
644:. The city is an industrial centre, home to several
19:
This article is about the city. For other uses, see
2899:
The Ethiopian revolution: War in the Horn of Africa
1018:The city was flooded in August 2006 when both the
915:
528:hit his spear into the ground" or "The true Dir",
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
925:to dwindling membership. On 3 February 1975, the
807:
3983:
2727:, britannica.com, USA, accessed on June 30, 2019
2363:
2361:
583:, the capital). Dire Dawa alongside present-day
3152:"World Weather Information Service – Dire Dawa"
595:into a separately administered chartered city.
3396:
679:Ruins of the thirteenth-century Harla town of
602:, the city proper and the non-urban woreda of
3643:
3476:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2358:
2341:"Kedir Juhar Elected Mayor Of Dire Dawa City"
2153:Ethiopian Catholic Archeparchy of Addis Abeba
39:
2396:
77:
3093:
3079:"Météo Climat stats for Diredawa 1991–2020"
2464:
58:
3650:
3636:
3483:
3469:
2931:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2756:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2711:Le chemin de fer de Djibouti à Addis-Abeba
2666:. Syracuse University Press. p. 100.
2632:
2040:A map of the regions and zones of Ethiopia
1961:Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the
976:Federal Democratic Republic (1991–present)
702:Historically, the area used to be part of
3373:, pp. 2, 3, 10 (accessed 28 January 2009)
2741:
2141:Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus
746:because of the steep access to the town,
729:
2659:
2211:Abdulaziz Mohammed: 7 August 2006 – 2008
2083:Dire Dawa is served by a station on the
2071:
2063:
2035:
1822:(humidity 1957-1982 and sun 1994-2012),
979:
811:
779:
768:In September 1916 the fleeing troops of
720:
712:
674:
598:It is divided administratively into two
3492:First-level administrative divisions of
2927:. Vol. 2. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
2799:
2636:The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century
2578:
2465:H.A.R. Gibb; et al., eds. (2009).
2223:Kedir Juhar: 29 September 2021 –present
2161:Ethiopian Full Gospel Believers' Church
906:Railroad Workers Syndicate of Dire Dawa
3984:
3657:
2922:
2895:
2851:
2709:van Gelder de Pineda, Rosanna (1995).
2505:
2185:Chairmen of the Administrative Council
734:The present-day town of Dire Dawa (311
717:Train departing from Dire Dawa c. 1912
3631:
3464:
3317:
3290:
3154:. World Meteorological Organisation.
2737:
2735:
2733:
2713:. Paris: Harmattan. pp. 268–271.
2704:
2702:
2700:
2605:
3158:from the original on 23 October 2013
2852:Brotto, Enrico (1938). "Dire Daua".
2469:(New ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
2434:. Africa Institute of South Africa (
2122:
984:Commercial Bank of Ethiopia building
948:, Dire Dawa was attacked during the
591:until 1993 when it was split by the
3144:
3132:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
3115:
2686:
2199:Habtamu Assefa Wakjira: 1991 – 1993
888:Post-Italian occupation (1941–1974)
560:
409:1,213 km (468 sq mi)
16:Autonomous city in eastern Ethiopia
13:
3297:. The Red Sea Press. p. 100.
2730:
2697:
2559:
2317:"Population Projections by Region"
2137:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1841:Ethnic groups of Dire Dawa (2007)
1034:An overturned truck, heading from
540:: ድሬዳዋ, lit. "Plain of Medicine";
267:Location within the Horn of Africa
14:
4018:
3440:
3327:. The Red Sea Press. p. 11.
2564:. Ethiopian Press. Archived from
2227:
2059:
1824:World Meteorological Organisation
994:Issa and Gurgura Liberation Front
287:
254:
221:
3969:
3957:
3945:
3498:
2997:Scores killed in Ethiopia floods
2277:
2220:Ibrahim Uthman: June 2015 – 2021
2166:
868:'s flight along the railroad to
352:
286:
279:
253:
246:
220:
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2882:147. Indiana University Press (
2864:
2845:
2832:
2790:An Economic History of Ethiopia
2782:
2773:
2764:
2717:
2680:
2653:
2626:
2599:
2572:
2553:
2518:
2499:
1833:
916:Derg administration (1974–1991)
788:Dire Dawa's first governor was
2987:, last accessed 22 April 2006.
2945:Regional & Federal Studies
2746:. Stuttgart. pp. 271–274.
2612:. Cambridge University Press.
2483:
2458:
2445:
2420:
2382:
2333:
2309:
2234:Category:People from Dire Dawa
988:Dire Dawa was occupied by the
808:Italian occupation (1936–1941)
1:
2838:Cited in Pankhurst (1968), p.
2579:Willcox, A. R. (2018-01-29).
2527:African Archaeological Review
2303:
1896:Religion in Dire Dawa (2007)
1480:Average rainfall mm (inches)
902:Ethiopian Championship series
725:Panorama of Dire Dawa c. 1915
579:in Ethiopia (the other being
524:"where (the Somali ancestor)
4007:Cities and towns in Ethiopia
2957:10.1080/13597566.2014.971772
2293:Railway stations in Ethiopia
2214:Adem Farah: June 2008 – 2010
2208:Fisseha Zerihun: 2003 – 2006
2149:Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church
2135:churches and temples :
2110:
2101:Selam Bus Line Share Company
2085:Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway
2009:, a Somali clan family. The
961:was decisive in winning the
740:Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway
417:1,276 m (4,189 ft)
7:
3291:Lewis, I. M. (1998-01-01).
2742:Pankhurst, Richard (1985).
2606:Clark, J. D. (2013-03-21).
2270:
2217:Asad Ziad: June 2010 – 2015
2202:Ismail Aw Aden: 1993 – 1995
1340:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1200:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1051:Dire Dawa has a borderline
589:1987 Ethiopian Constitution
555:'Place of Remedy';
10:
4023:
3278:Central Statistical Agency
3255:Central Statistical Agency
3232:Central Statistical Agency
3209:Central Statistical Agency
2814:Nordic Africa Institute. "
2660:Ben-Dror, Avishai (2018).
2231:
2205:Solomon Hailu: 1995 – 2003
2188:
2028:I.M. Lewis (1998) states:
1963:Central Statistical Agency
1817:
1812:
1080:
1046:
670:
662:
658:
270:Show map of Horn of Africa
26:Chartered city in Ethiopia
21:Dire Dawa (disambiguation)
18:
3665:
3604:
3581:
3508:
3369:Macro International Inc.
3257:. 2008. pp. 106–108.
3211:. 2008. pp. 106–108.
3103:(in French). Météo Climat
2902:. Yale University Press.
2816:Local History in Ethiopia
2690:Islam yesterday and today
2196:Abebe Eshete: 1981 – 1991
2145:Lutheran World Federation
2068:Dire Dawa Railway Station
1765:
1718:
1644:
1596:
1549:
1479:
1409:
1339:
1269:
1199:
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1106:
1103:
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691:artifacts in the cave of
533:
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397:
386:
378:
373:
365:
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312:
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179:
106:
97:
78:
59:
40:
31:
2925:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
2788:Pankhurst, Richard R.K.
2779:Bekele, Shiferaw (1989).
1053:tropical savanna climate
794:Franco-Ethiopian Railway
663:For its chronology, see
234:Location within Ethiopia
2177:by the English author,
2093:Ethio-Djibouti Railways
1813:Source 1: Météo Climat
884:during the occupation.
563:) is a city in eastern
3356:March 5, 2009, at the
2896:Tareke, Gebru (2009).
2582:The Rock Art of Africa
2467:Encyclopaedia of islam
2080:
2069:
2041:
2034:
1986:with 70.9%, 25.6% are
1820:Deutscher Wetterdienst
998:Oromo Liberation Front
985:
904:. That same year, the
817:
785:
730:Foundation (1902–1936)
726:
718:
684:
575:border and one of two
545:
514:
300:Location within Africa
3318:Lewis, I. M. (2000).
3016:Ethiopian News Agency
2854:Rivista delle Colonie
2408:hdi.globaldatalab.org
2119:was founded in 2006.
2087:, which is located 10
2075:
2067:
2054:infant mortality rate
2039:
2030:
1068:hot semi-arid climate
1002:Somali Regional State
983:
815:
783:
724:
716:
678:
665:Timeline of Dire Dawa
3280:. 2008. p. 112.
3234:. 2008. p. 112.
2983:May 5, 2009, at the
2438:), 2010. Accessed 15
2117:Dire Dawa University
1130:Record high °C (°F)
922:Ethiopian Revolution
790:Ato Mersha Nahusenay
499:www.dire-dawa.gov.et
237:Show map of Ethiopia
4002:Regions of Ethiopia
2693:. pp. 387–388.
2260:Abdul Majid Hussein
2255:Ismail Omar Guelleh
2046:safe drinking water
1550:Average rainy days
1410:Record low °C (°F)
1270:Daily mean °C (°F)
950:Battle of Dire Dawa
628: /
328: /
3659:Cities of Ethiopia
3568:Southwest Ethiopia
3418:Worldstatesman.org
3101:"Station Diredawa"
2870:Keller, Edmund J.
2821:2008-05-28 at the
2539:10.1007/BF01117225
2245:Ato Hussein Ismail
2191:Mayor of Dire Dawa
2081:
2070:
2050:standard of living
2042:
1988:Ethiopian Orthodox
1952: Other (0.2%)
1944:Traditional faiths
1887: Other (5.5%)
986:
818:
786:
727:
719:
685:
593:federal government
303:Show map of Africa
3933:
3932:
3625:
3624:
3617:Flags and emblems
3528:Benishangul-Gumuz
2770:Pankhurst (2010).
2687:Cerulli, Enrico.
2619:978-1-107-63536-4
2592:978-1-315-51535-9
2129:places of worship
2123:Places of worship
2097:Dire Dawa Airport
1830:
1829:
1599:relative humidity
852:in the north and
650:Dire Dawa Airport
554:
520:
504:
503:
379: • Type
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3583:Chartered cities
3533:Central Ethiopia
3503:
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3449:Official website
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3075:
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3066:
3065:
3056:. Archived from
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3040:
3031:. Archived from
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2298:Cement in Africa
2287:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2250:Luciano Violante
2090:
1970:(157,991, 46%),
1951:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1553:
1078:
1077:
842:chemical weapons
834:Italian invasion
802:Bank of Ethiopia
737:
708:Emirate of Harar
689:Middle Stone Age
643:
642:
640:
639:
638:
633:
632:9.600°N 41.867°E
629:
626:
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621:
577:chartered cities
562:
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486:
369:24 December 1902
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3180:. Time and Date
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2560:ZEWDIE, BACHA.
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2157:Catholic Church
2125:
2113:
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2021:subclan of the
2013:subclan of the
1978:(68,887, 20%),
1974:(83,114, 24%),
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1066:) just above a
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3441:External links
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3092:
3081:. Météo Climat
3070:
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2989:
2970:
2951:(5): 589–605.
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2568:on 2022-02-13.
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2189:Main article:
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2174:Black Mischief
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2107:in Dire Dawa.
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1087:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1048:
1045:
977:
974:
955:Ethiopian Army
917:
914:
889:
886:
866:Haile Selassie
809:
806:
784:Dire Dawa 1934
731:
728:
704:Adal Sultanate
683:near Dire Dawa
672:
669:
660:
657:
502:
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496:
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491:
480:
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405:Chartered city
400:
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382:Chartered city
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3885:Negele Borana
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3334:9781569021033
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3096:
3080:
3074:
3060:on 2015-08-13
3059:
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3035:on 2015-09-08
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2872:Revolutionary
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2825:". Accessed 1
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2642:
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2585:. Routledge.
2584:
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2508:L'Archéologie
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1021:
1020:Dechatu River
1016:
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1009:
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1006:Oromia Region
1003:
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991:
982:
973:
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763:Dechatu River
759:
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709:
705:
700:
698:
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637:9.600; 41.867
612:
611:Dechatu River
607:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:Somali Region
566:
558:
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546:Dirree Dhawaa
543:
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438: •
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396:
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390:
387: •
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372:
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364:
361:
350:
346:
341:
337:9.600; 41.867
313:Coordinates:
311:
282:
249:
216:
206:
196:
186:
178:
166:
155:
146:
135:
126:
115:
105:
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96:
87:
76:
75:
68:
60:Dirree Dhawaa
57:
56:
49:
38:
37:
30:
22:
3799:
3765:Debre Marqos
3760:Debre Berhan
3735:Bale Hawassa
3595:
3392:"Good Reads"
3387:
3378:
3365:
3346:
3338:
3320:
3313:
3293:
3286:
3269:
3263:
3246:
3240:
3223:
3217:
3200:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3146:
3134:. Retrieved
3129:
3117:
3105:. Retrieved
3095:
3083:. Retrieved
3073:
3062:. Retrieved
3058:the original
3048:
3037:. Retrieved
3033:the original
3023:
3008:
2992:
2973:
2948:
2944:
2924:
2918:
2898:
2891:
2871:
2866:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2834:
2789:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2743:
2723:Britannica,
2719:
2710:
2689:
2682:
2662:
2655:
2635:
2628:
2608:
2601:
2581:
2574:
2566:the original
2555:
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2520:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2491:
2485:
2466:
2460:
2447:
2427:
2422:
2411:. Retrieved
2407:
2398:
2384:
2372:. Retrieved
2350:September 2,
2348:. Retrieved
2344:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2311:
2179:Evelyn Waugh
2172:
2170:
2126:
2114:
2082:
2079:in Dire Dawa
2043:
2031:
2027:
2000:
1960:
1957:
1895:
1840:
1834:Demographics
1071:
1063:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1033:
1029:rainy season
1023:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1010:
987:
967:
943:
931:nationalized
919:
895:
891:
881:
877:
864:and Emperor
831:
819:
787:
775:
767:
760:
756:
733:
701:
686:
654:
608:
597:
506:
505:
3997:City-states
3880:Negele Arsi
3860:Kebri Dahar
3770:Debre Tabor
3675:Addis Ababa
3591:Addis Ababa
2884:Bloomington
2432:p. 209
2232:Main page:
1994:, and 0.4%
1766:Mean daily
1024:Gorro River
959:Somali Army
944:During the
910:labor union
862:Addis Ababa
846:mustard gas
832:During the
798:Addis Ababa
635: /
581:Addis Ababa
393:Kedir Juhar
335: /
3986:Categories
3905:Shashamane
3695:Arba Minch
3184:11 January
3085:15 October
3064:2015-08-10
3039:2015-08-10
2514:: 529–552.
2413:2018-09-13
2345:fanabc.com
2325:August 30,
2304:References
2265:Samia Gutu
2127:Among the
2019:Gadabuursi
1992:Protestant
1818:Source 2:
1552:(≥ 0.1 mm)
963:Ogaden War
946:Ogaden War
751:Menelik II
585:Sitti Zone
422:Population
374:Government
3992:Dire Dawa
3976:Geography
3865:Kombolcha
3800:Dire Dawa
3780:Dembidolo
3775:Degehabur
3720:Bahir Dar
3612:Governors
3596:Dire Dawa
2965:154137709
2829:Mar 2008.
2752:cite book
2725:Dire Dawa
2547:128870388
2533:: 37–71.
2442:Feb 2014.
2374:9 January
2240:Ali Birra
2133:Christian
2111:Education
1647:dew point
882:Dire Daua
878:Arbegnoch
874:Palestine
838:Mussolini
770:Lij Iyasu
693:Porc-Épic
567:near the
561:ديري داوا
515:Diridhaba
507:Dire Dawa
489:3rd of 11
471:(+251) 25
467:Area code
450:Time zone
414:Elevation
294:Dire Dawa
261:Dire Dawa
228:Dire Dawa
79:Diridhaba
33:Dire Dawa
3952:Ethiopia
3740:Bishoftu
3495:Ethiopia
3354:Archived
3162:31 March
3156:Archived
3136:31 March
3107:31 March
3001:BBC News
2981:Archived
2876:Ethiopia
2860:: 37–44.
2819:Archived
2436:Pretoria
2271:See also
1996:Catholic
1934:Catholic
1924:P'ent'ay
1914:Orthodox
1649:°C (°F)
1645:Average
1597:Average
1195:(107.6)
1180:(101.1)
1165:(100.8)
1160:(103.1)
1155:(103.8)
1150:(100.0)
1145:(107.6)
1140:(107.6)
1135:(100.4)
1022:and the
996:and the
972:regime.
870:Djibouti
858:Graziani
844:such as
826:Graziani
822:Badoglio
699:people.
648:and the
565:Ethiopia
360:Ethiopia
3938:Portals
3920:Weldiya
3890:Nekemte
3870:Mekelle
3845:Irgalem
3840:Hosaena
3805:Gambela
3730:Bedessa
3680:Adigrat
3538:Gambela
3510:Regions
2886:, 1988.
2003:Gurgura
1990:, 2.8%
1916:(25.6%)
1906:(70.9%)
1545:(31.1)
1475:(33.8)
1470:(33.8)
1465:(45.7)
1460:(42.8)
1455:(47.3)
1450:(43.7)
1445:(45.1)
1440:(53.2)
1435:(50.5)
1430:(41.0)
1425:(45.0)
1420:(42.8)
1415:(37.4)
1405:(66.2)
1400:(58.3)
1395:(61.2)
1390:(65.8)
1385:(69.6)
1380:(69.1)
1375:(70.0)
1370:(72.7)
1365:(71.2)
1360:(69.3)
1355:(66.0)
1350:(61.5)
1345:(58.5)
1335:(78.4)
1330:(71.4)
1325:(74.8)
1320:(78.6)
1315:(80.8)
1310:(80.1)
1305:(81.5)
1300:(84.6)
1295:(83.7)
1290:(80.2)
1285:(78.8)
1280:(74.7)
1275:(72.0)
1265:(90.7)
1260:(84.9)
1255:(87.8)
1250:(91.4)
1245:(90.0)
1240:(90.9)
1235:(93.0)
1230:(96.1)
1225:(94.1)
1220:(92.1)
1215:(91.0)
1210:(88.0)
1205:(84.7)
1190:(96.8)
1185:(97.5)
1175:(99.3)
1170:(99.1)
1047:Climate
1036:Dengego
854:Somalia
850:Eritrea
748:Emperor
671:Origins
659:History
646:markets
623:41°52′E
604:Gurgura
600:woredas
553:
530:Amharic
519:meaning
495:Website
444:277,000
433:493,000
366:Founded
348:Country
323:41°52′E
48:Amharic
3910:Tebela
3900:Shanto
3895:Sebeta
3875:Moyale
3850:Jijiga
3830:Gununo
3825:Gondar
3810:Gesuba
3785:Dessie
3750:Boditi
3745:Bitena
3705:Asella
3605:Topics
3573:Tigray
3558:Somali
3553:Sidama
3548:Oromia
3543:Harari
3523:Amhara
3431:
3331:
3301:
2963:
2906:
2880:
2874:
2840:
2827:
2794:
2670:
2643:
2616:
2589:
2545:
2473:
2440:
2089:
1980:Gurage
1976:Amhara
1972:Somali
1950:
1946:(0.1%)
1942:
1940:
1936:(0.4%)
1932:
1930:
1926:(2.8%)
1922:
1920:
1912:
1910:
1904:Muslim
1902:
1900:
1885:
1881:(4.5%)
1879:Gurage
1877:
1875:
1869:Amhara
1867:
1865:
1859:Somali
1857:
1855:
1847:
1845:
1761:3,042
1758:300.7
1755:282.0
1752:248.0
1749:234.0
1746:244.9
1743:220.1
1740:204.0
1737:244.9
1734:246.0
1731:257.3
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