33:
1366:, typically present the solver with a diagram position and a question. In order to answer the question, the solver must work out the history of the position, that is, must work backwards from the given position to the previous move or moves that have been played. A problem employing retrograde analysis may, for example, present a position and ask questions like "What was White's last move?", "Has the bishop on c1 moved?", "Is the black knight actually a promoted pawn?", "Can White castle?", etc. Some retrograde analysis may also have to be employed in more conventional problems (directmates and so on) to determine, for example, whether an
2425:
occasion finish in at least tenth place three times within ten successive WCSCs. For the IM title they must score at least 80 percent of the winner's points and each time finish in at least fifteenth place twice within five successive WCSCs; alternatively, winning a single WCSC or scoring as many points as the winner in a single WCSC will earn the IM title. For the FM title, the solver must score at least 75 percent of the winners points and each time finish within the top 40 percent of participants in any two PCCC-approved solving competitions.
1806:, a situation in which the player must move, yet every move leads to a disadvantage. Each of Black's nineteen legal replies allows an immediate mate. For example, if Black defends with 1...Bxh7, the d5-square is no longer guarded, and White mates with 2.Nd5#. Or if Black plays 1...Re5, Black blocks that escape square for his king allowing 2.Qg4#. If Black plays 1...Rf6, then 2.Rh4#. Yet if Black could only pass (i.e., make no move at all), White would have no way to mate on his second move. The full solution is as follows:
2421:. These albums are collections of the best problems and studies composed in a particular three-year period, as selected by FIDE-appointed judges from submitted entries. Each problem published in an album is worth 1 point; each study is worth 1⅔; joint compositions are worth the same divided by the number of composers. For the FIDE Master title, a composer must accumulate 12 points; for the International Master title, 25 points are needed; and for the Grandmaster title, a composer must have 70 points.
2301:. In formal tourneys, the competing problems are not published before they are judged, while in informal tourneys they are. Informal tourneys are often run by problem magazines and other publications with a regular problem section; it is common for every problem to have been published in a particular magazine within a particular year to be eligible for an informal award. Formal tourneys are often held to commemorate a particular event or person. The
2206:'s airings from the World Championships in Dubai 2021, calls for White to move and give immediate checkmate in just a single move. The trick is to recognize that despite the arrangement of the Black men, the board is actually viewed from the White side (as shown by the Black king standing on a square of its own color, rather than on the opposite color as in the standard opening position). Thus the solution is 1 Nd3#; the Black pawns are moving
2089:
2082:
2061:
2054:
1970:
1956:
1949:
1695:
1681:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1583:
1056:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1000:
972:
965:
750:
743:
722:
715:
694:
687:
631:
2068:
1963:
1632:
1007:
979:
757:
652:
2096:
2075:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1942:
1688:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1625:
1597:
1590:
1070:
1063:
1049:
1042:
1035:
993:
986:
736:
729:
708:
701:
680:
673:
666:
659:
645:
638:
624:
617:
1936:
1577:
959:
611:
1490:), but at the same time make available an equal or greater number of flight squares are acceptable. Key moves which prevent the enemy from playing a checking move are also undesirable, particularly in cases where there is no mate provided after the checking move. In general, the weaker (in terms of ordinary over-the-board play) the key move is the less obvious it will be, and hence the more highly prized it will be.
65:
1505:. There are more subtle cases: if f1 is empty, a white bishop stands on b5 and there are white pawns on e2 and g2, then the bishop must be a promoted pawn (there is no way the original bishop could have gotten past those unmoved pawns). A piece such as this, which does not leave a player with pieces additional to those at the start of a game, but which nonetheless must have been promoted, is called
4506:
1378:: the solver is given a position and must construct a game, starting from the normal game array, which ends in that position. The two sides cooperate to reach the position, but all moves must be legal. Usually the number of moves required to reach the position is given, though sometimes the task is simply to reach the given position in the smallest number of moves.
2329:(that is, that an identical problem, or nearly so, had been published at an earlier date) or unsound (i.e., that a problem has cooks or no solution). If such claims are upheld, the award may be adjusted accordingly. At the end of this period, the award becomes final. It is normal to indicate any honour a problem has received when it is republished.
513:– that is, it has not been taken from an actual game, but has been invented for the specific purpose of providing a problem. Although a constraint on orthodox chess problems is that the original position be reachable via a series of legal moves from the starting position, most problem positions would not arise in over-the-board play.
1884:. This arrangement is designed to illustrate the effect of mutual Black interferences: for example, consider what happens after the key if Black plays 1...Bf7. White now mates with 2.Qf5#, a move which is only possible because the bishop Black moved has got in the way of the rook's guard of f5 – this is known as a
2337:
Solving tournaments also fall into two main types. In tourneys conducted by correspondence, the participants send their entries by post or e-mail. These are often run on similar terms to informal composition tourneys; indeed, the same problems which are entries in the informal composition tourney are
1439:
wrote about the "originality, invention, conciseness, harmony, complexity, and splendid insincerity" of creating chess problems and spent considerable time doing so. There are no official standards by which to distinguish a beautiful problem from a poor one and such judgments can vary from individual
1312:
positions. Studies are composed chess problems, but because their stipulation is open-ended (the win or draw does not have to be achieved within any particular number of moves) they are usually thought of as distinct from problems and as a form of composition that is closer to the puzzles of interest
2321:
theme, problems using fewer than nine units). Honours are usually awarded in three grades: these are, in descending order of merit, prizes, honourable mentions, and commendations. As many problems as the judge sees fit may be placed in each grade, and the problems within each grade may or may not be
1406:
section; the unique solution is 1.d4 c6 2.Kd2 Qa5+ 3.Kd3 Qa3+ 4.Kc4 b5#). Some construction tasks ask for a maximum or minimum number of effects to be arranged, for example a game with the maximum possible number of consecutive discovered checks, or a position in which all sixteen pieces control the
2424:
For solvers, the GM and IM titles were both first awarded in 1982; the FM title followed in 1997. GM and IM titles can only be gained by participating in the official World Chess
Solving Championship (WCSC): to become a GM, a solver must score at least 90 percent of the winner's points and on each
1876:
The thematic approach to solving is to notice then that in the original position, Black is already almost in zugzwang. If Black were compelled to play first, only Re3 and Bg5 would not allow immediate mate. However, each of those two moves blocks a flight square for the black king, and once White
551:
Problems can be contrasted with tactical puzzles often found in chess columns or magazines in which the task is to find the best move or sequence of moves (usually leading to mate or gain of material) from a given position. Such puzzles are often taken from actual games, or at least have positions
2269:
These are combined with a number to indicate in how many moves the goal must be achieved. "#3", therefore, indicates a mate in three, while "ser-h=14" indicates a series help stalemate in 14 (i.e., Black makes 14 moves in a row such that White can subsequently make one move to deliver stalemate).
1517:), except in rare cases where this is part of the theme. If the theme can be shown with fewer total units, it should be. For another, the problem should not employ more moves than is needed to exhibit the particular theme(s) at its heart; if the theme can be shown in fewer moves, it should be.
1512:
The problem should be economical. There are several facets to this desideratum. For one thing, every piece on the board should serve a purpose, either to enable the actual solution, or to exclude alternative solutions. Extra units should not be added to create "red herrings" (this is called
2349:
In both types of tourney, each problem is worth a specified number of points, often with bonus points for finding cooks or correctly claiming no solution. Incomplete solutions are awarded an appropriate proportion of the points available. The solver amassing the most points is the winner.
2341:
Other solving tourneys are held with all participants present at a particular time and place. They have only a limited amount of time to solve the problems, and the use of any solving aid other than a chess set is prohibited. The most notable tournament of this type is the
1444:
The problem position must be legal. That is to say, the diagram must be reachable by legal moves beginning with the initial game array. It is not considered a defect if the diagram can only be reached via a game containing what over-the-board players would consider gross
1485:
The key move of the solution should not be obvious. Obvious moves such as checks, captures, and (in directmates) moves which restrict the movement of the black king make for bad keys. Keys which deprive the black king of some squares to which it could initially move
496:
exercises on the other. In practice, however, the distinction is very clear. There are common characteristics shared by compositions in the problem section of chess magazines, in specialist chess problem magazines, and in collections of chess problems in book form.
1440:
to individual as well as from generation to generation. Such variation is to be expected when it comes to aesthetic appraisal. Nevertheless, modern taste generally recognises the following elements to be important in the aesthetic evaluation of a problem:
2338:
often also set in the solving tourney. It is impossible to eliminate the use of computers in such tournaments, though some problems, such as those with particularly long solutions, will not be well-suited to solution by computer.
2312:
In both formal and informal tourneys, entries will normally be limited to a particular genre of problem (for example, mate in twos, moremovers, helpmates) and may or may not have additional restrictions (for example, problems in
2218:
For reasons of space and internationality, various abbreviations are often used in chess problem journals to indicate a problem's stipulation (whether it is a mate in two, helpmate in four, or whatever). The most common are:
534:
in its construction: no greater force is employed than that required to render the problem sound (that is, to guarantee that the problem's intended solution is indeed a solution and that it is the problem's only
1464:
or defective. (Exceptions are problems which are composed to have more than one solution which are thematically related to one another in some way; this type of problem is particularly common in helpmates.)
2201:
Although most problems call for straightforward (though possibly difficult) solution, occasionally a problem will involve a humorous trick or twist. The problem at right, shown in
Norwegian broadcaster
542:. Problems are experienced not only as puzzles but as objects of beauty. This is closely related to the fact that problems are organised to exhibit clear ideas in as economical a manner as possible.
461:
play in that the latter involves a struggle between Black and White, whereas the former involves a competition between the composer and the solver. Most positions which occur in a chess problem are
2374:(PCCC) for especially distinguished problem and study composers and solvers (unlike over-the-board chess, however, there have not been any women-only equivalents to these titles in problem chess).
1888:. Similarly, if Black tries 1...Rf7, this interferes with the bishop's guard of d5, allowing White to mate with Nd5#. Mutual interferences like this, between two pieces on one square, are known as
1353:
Of far greater relation to standard chess problems, however, are the following, which have a rich history and have been revisited many times, with magazines, books and prizes dedicated to them:
2302:
1313:
to over-the-board players. Indeed, composed studies have often extended our knowledge of endgame theory. But again, there is no clear dividing line between the two kinds of positions.
2710:. A general overview of chess problems, including an extensive A–Z of themes and terms, and 460 problems. Widely regarded as the best single-volume work in English on the subject.
2695:
2649:
1478:
The solution should illustrate a theme or themes, rather than emerging from disjointed calculation. Many of the more common themes have been given names by problemists (see
1424:
1274:: one side makes a series of moves without reply to achieve a stipulated aim. Check may not be given except on the last move. A seriesmover may take various forms:
2371:
2306:
2386:
2322:
ranked (so an award may include a 1st
Honourable Mention, a 2nd Honourable Mention, and a 3rd Honourable Mention, or just three unranked Honourable Mentions).
2417:) and the FM title (first awarded 1990) has been determined on the basis of the number of problems or studies a composer had selected for publication in the
2544:
Iqbal, A. (2008). Evaluation of
Economy in a Zero-sum Perfect Information Game, The Computer Journal, Oxford University Press, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 408–418,
1196:
is the number of moves within which mate must be delivered. In composing and solving competitions, directmates are further broken down into three classes:
2623:
3052:
2414:
2382:
552:
which look as if they could have arisen during a game, and are used for instructional purposes. Most such puzzles fail to exhibit the above features.
2575:
1475:. Duals are often tolerated if the problem is strong in other regards and if the duals occur in lines of play that are subsidiary to the main theme.
2609:
2406:
2394:
2401:
being the first honorary recipients. In subsequent years, qualification for the IM title, as well as for the GM title (first awarded in 1972 to
449:, which presents the solver with a particular task. For instance, a position may be given with the instruction that White is to move first, and
1435:
in the appreciation of chess problems is very significant, and indeed most composers and solvers consider such compositions to be an art form.
1246:
2390:
1497:
pawns in the initial position. For example, if White has three knights, one of them must clearly have been promoted; the same is true of two
2613:
1188:: White to move first and checkmate Black within a specified number of moves against any defence. These are often referred to as "mate in
2556:
4286:
1880:
The arrangement of the black rooks and bishops, with a pair of adjacent rooks flanked by a pair of bishops, is known to problemists as
2429:
1407:
minimum number of squares. A special class are games uniquely determined by their last move like "3...Rxe5+" or "4...b5#" from above.
1386:: no diagram is given in construction tasks; instead, the aim is to construct a game or position with certain features. For example,
2325:
After an award is published, there is a period (typically around three months) in which individuals may claim honoured problems are
3838:
527:(or combination of themes) that the problem has been composed to illustrate: chess problems typically instantiate particular ideas.
1338:
There are several other types of chess problem which do not fall into any of the above categories. Some of these are really coded
4301:
4261:
4281:
1892:
interferences, and are the theme of this problem. The problem exhibits four such interferences, on squares e6, e7, f6, and f7.
1877:
has removed his rook from h2 White can put some other piece on that square to deliver mate: 1...Re3 2.Bh2# and 1...Bg5 2.Qh2#.
1298:: a reflexmate in which White plays a series of moves leading to a position in which Black can, and therefore must, give mate.
4276:
2729:
2529:
2273:
In studies, the symbols "+" and "=" are used to indicate "White to play and win" and "White to play and draw" respectively.
3828:
2638:. A preliminary section of 30 pages is a useful introduction for novice solvers; there follow 112 problems with discussion.
2451:
4221:
4084:
4069:
3833:
1390:
devised the problem: "Construct a game which ends with black delivering discovered checkmate on move four" (published in
4359:
3824:
3819:
1346:, in which one is to determine the path of a knight that visits each square of the board exactly once. Another is the
1171:
3147:
1286:: a helpmate in which Black plays a series of moves without reply after which White plays one move to checkmate Black.
4296:
4196:
4089:
4054:
2707:
2689:
2671:
2635:
2587:
411:
1398:), the Black ones are not. A unique problem is: "Construct a game with black b-pawn checkmating on move four" (from
1335:
to be legal, unless it can be proved that the pawn to be captured must have moved two squares on the previous move.
4266:
4256:
4174:
4059:
2809:
2804:
2343:
4251:
4241:
2757:
1509:. The presence of obtrusive units constitutes a smaller flaw than the presence of more obviously promoted units.
1292:: a selfmate in which White plays a series of moves leading to a position in which Black is forced to give mate.
4246:
4236:
4231:
2894:
2856:
492:
is not sharply defined: there is no clear demarcation between chess compositions on the one hand and puzzle or
1308:: an orthodox problem in which the stipulation is that White to play must win or draw. Almost all studies are
4381:
4291:
4226:
3802:
3564:
3115:
3640:
3120:
1499:
1350:
problem, in which eight queens are to be placed on the board so that none is attacking any of the others.
4395:
4344:
4049:
1802:
The key move is 1.Rh1. This is difficult to find because it makes no threat – instead, it puts Black in
1234:: Black to move first cooperates with White to get Black's own king mated in a specified number of moves.
4468:
4446:
4354:
4339:
3998:
3950:
3945:
3935:
3603:
3281:
3125:
2645:
1339:
475:
466:
378:
363:
17:
1394:, 1866 – the solution is 1.f3 e5 2.Kf2 h5 3.Kg3 h4+ 4.Kg4 d5#); while all White moves are unique (see
4400:
4334:
4184:
4079:
4074:
3923:
2602:
1811:
1479:
863:
520:, that is, a goal to be achieved; for example, to checkmate Black within a specified number of moves.
455:
32:
4376:
4349:
4191:
3908:
3301:
3296:
3253:
3152:
368:
263:
40:
2987:
465:
in the sense that they are very unlikely to occur in over-the-board play. There is a good deal of
176:
4541:
4536:
4485:
4010:
3675:
900:(When a black knight can move to the maximum number of eight squares like this, it is known as a
3021:
4064:
3993:
3291:
3137:
3042:
2887:
2819:
2507:
2432:
is given to individuals considered capable of judging composing tourneys at the highest level.
1212:
158:
125:
4201:
4124:
4005:
3705:
3700:
3387:
3110:
3069:
2851:
2553:
404:
383:
288:
130:
453:
Black in two moves against any possible defence. A chess problem fundamentally differs from
3913:
3850:
3809:
3770:
3552:
3542:
3472:
3286:
3217:
3142:
3027:
2826:
1342:, expressed using the geometry and pieces of the chessboard. A famous such problem is the
8:
4366:
4146:
3893:
3780:
3750:
3720:
3692:
3665:
3608:
3509:
3477:
3437:
3392:
3105:
3047:
2922:
2870:
2865:
2792:
2750:
2359:
1358:
1347:
1322:
1242:: White moves first and forces Black (in a specified number of moves) to checkmate White.
231:
153:
3903:
4473:
4371:
4114:
3918:
3559:
3447:
3410:
3059:
2927:
1370:
pawn capture or castling is possible. The most important subset of retro problems are:
1262:
give mate if it is able to do so. When this stipulation applies only to Black, it is a
373:
148:
1250:: White to move first cooperates with Black to get a position of selfmate in one move.
4456:
4329:
4141:
4099:
4025:
3977:
3960:
3940:
3792:
3730:
3670:
3645:
3492:
3457:
3452:
3432:
3420:
3263:
3231:
3197:
3177:
3014:
3008:
2969:
2836:
2725:
2713:
2703:
2685:
2667:
2631:
2597:
2583:
2525:
2402:
2378:
1494:
1280:: a directmate with White playing a series of moves without reply to checkmate Black.
254:
139:
120:
115:
1208:: White to move and checkmate Black in no more than three moves against any defence.
4451:
4324:
4166:
4109:
4015:
3965:
3814:
3760:
3755:
3745:
3660:
3581:
3571:
3547:
3514:
3086:
3000:
2774:
2591:
2545:
2446:
2410:
1889:
1436:
1432:
1343:
397:
317:
312:
97:
2398:
1172:
4416:
4390:
4211:
4206:
4156:
4094:
3898:
3873:
3858:
3655:
3613:
3596:
3497:
3415:
3377:
3355:
3340:
3271:
3248:
3207:
3202:
3081:
3064:
2904:
2620:. A collection of 170 proof games (published in Germany, but written in English).
2560:
2522:
Chess
Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes: Fifty tantalizing problems of chess detection
327:
3680:
3591:
505:
Not every chess problem has every one of these features, but most have several:
4515:
4431:
4179:
4020:
3883:
3878:
3715:
3710:
3576:
3534:
3504:
3333:
3276:
3164:
3132:
3098:
3091:
3076:
3037:
3032:
2959:
2954:
2799:
2743:
2641:
2441:
202:
2377:
For composition, the
International Master title was established in 1959, with
1500:
64:
4530:
4490:
4480:
4136:
4119:
4041:
3930:
3888:
3868:
3650:
3632:
3623:
3586:
3519:
3442:
3427:
3382:
3365:
3360:
3350:
3182:
2944:
2882:
2717:
1309:
1304:
493:
186:
83:
2549:
4510:
4436:
4421:
4151:
3972:
3955:
3863:
3797:
3740:
3735:
3467:
3462:
3402:
3345:
3236:
3192:
2964:
2949:
2939:
2875:
2841:
2814:
2782:
2659:
2493:
2314:
435:
297:
181:
106:
1799:
To the right is a directmate problem composed by Thomas
Taverner in 1881.
1325:(see below) that the rook in question or king must have previously moved.
3785:
3775:
3524:
3487:
3370:
2981:
2976:
2934:
2787:
2367:
2363:
1412:
1270:
439:
342:
307:
197:
163:
456:
4426:
3482:
3318:
3308:
3241:
3225:
2917:
2497:
2418:
1881:
1374:
1327:
1254:
446:
332:
272:
217:
2988:
2722:
The definitive book - Encyclopedia of Chess
Problems: Themes and Terms
1411:
Across most of the above genres, there is great interest in exploring
4441:
3765:
3725:
3328:
3323:
3212:
3187:
2912:
2677:
1202:: White to move and checkmate Black in two moves against any defence.
450:
337:
240:
227:
4319:
4129:
3172:
2732:. An extensive overview A–Z of themes and terms with 1726 problems.
1803:
1467:
Ideally, in directmates, there should be a unique White move after
1387:
1318:
1238:
1230:
27:
Chess composition whose solution is a mate or other clear objective
2846:
2474:
322:
302:
168:
2285:) exist for both the composition and solving of chess problems.
3313:
2305:(WCCT) is a formal tourney for national teams organised by the
1258:: a form of selfmate with the added stipulation that each side
245:
92:
56:
1471:
Black move. A choice of White moves (other than the key) is a
1423:
2766:
2318:
1456:) must be unique. A problem which has two keys is said to be
443:
2831:
213:
2554:
http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/51/4/408.abstract
1867:
1...Rxe2+, 2.Nxe2# (allows capture on unguarded square e2)
2203:
467:
specialized jargon used in connection with chess problems
4505:
2735:
1861:
1...Re4, 2.fxe4# (allows pawn capture discovering check)
2372:
Permanent
Commission of the FIDE for Chess Compositions
2307:
Permanent
Commission of the FIDE for Chess Compositions
1415:, in which non-standard boards, pieces or rules apply.
1855:
1...Re6, 2.Nd5# (interferes with bishop’s guard of d5)
1852:
1...Re7, 2.Rh4# (interferes with bishop’s guard of h4)
1846:
1...Rf6, 2.Rh4# (interferes with bishop’s guard of h4)
1843:
1...Rf7, 2.Nd5# (interferes with bishop’s guard of d5)
1169:
Mate in 267 moves; the longest moremover without
2692:. Problems seen from the point of view of the solver.
1181:
There are various different types of chess problems:
1834:
1...Bf6, 2.Qf5# (interferes with rook’s guard of f5)
1819:
1...Bf7, 2.Qf5# (interferes with rook’s guard of f5)
1321:
is assumed to be allowed unless it can be proved by
2475:"OzProblems - Australian chess problem composition"
1831:
1...Be7, 2.e3# (interferes with rook’s guard of e3)
1822:
1...Be6, 2.e3# (interferes with rook’s guard of e3)
4528:
1896:
1537:
919:
571:
2552:. Online ISSN 1460-2067, Print ISSN 0010-4620.
2210:the board and cannot capture the White knight.
2702:, Batsford / International Chess Enterprises.
1448:The first move of the problem's solution (the
2751:
2700:Chess Wizardry: The New ABC of Chess Problems
2241:", the French for stalemate, is used instead)
1427:Black mating on move 5 by promoting to knight
1395:
1224:is some particular number greater than three.
405:
2674:. Concentrates on maximum tasks and records.
2519:
1864:1...Re3, 2.Bh2# (blocks king’s flight to e3)
1858:1...Re5, 2.Qg4# (blocks king’s flight to e5)
1837:1...Bg5, 2.Qh2# (blocks king’s flight to g5)
2590:. An encyclopedia of unorthodox and 'chess
2491:
2358:Just as in over-the-board play, the titles
1418:
2758:
2744:
2288:
412:
398:
2430:International Judge of Chess Compositions
1331:captures, on the other hand, are assumed
2498:"267 moves – Lutz Neweklowsky 2001"
2496:; Karrer, P.; Formánek, Bedrich (eds.).
1422:
31:
2088:
2081:
2060:
2053:
1969:
1955:
1948:
1694:
1680:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1582:
1216:: White to move and checkmate Black in
1055:
1027:
1020:
1013:
999:
971:
964:
749:
742:
721:
714:
693:
686:
630:
14:
4529:
2654:Chess Problems: Introduction to an Art
2606:. Chess and Chess Problems in fiction.
2332:
2067:
1962:
1631:
1006:
978:
756:
651:
2739:
2524:. Puzzles & Games. Random House.
2095:
2074:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1941:
1932:
1687:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1624:
1596:
1589:
1573:
1069:
1062:
1048:
1041:
1034:
992:
985:
955:
735:
728:
707:
700:
679:
672:
665:
658:
644:
637:
623:
616:
607:
2580:Book of Extraordinary Chess Problems
2469:
2467:
2452:Software for handling chess problems
555:
1403:
1362:: such problems, often also called
1317:In all the above types of problem,
546:
24:
2569:
1521:
25:
4553:
2664:Chess Problems: Tasks and Records
2464:
1220:moves against any defence, where
4504:
4175:List of strong chess tournaments
2344:World Chess Solving Championship
2303:World Chess Composing Tournament
2213:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1934:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1575:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
957:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
657:
650:
643:
636:
629:
622:
615:
609:
63:
3148:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
2662:(1995; revised edition, 2001),
1400:Shortest construction tasks map
2538:
2513:
2485:
2276:
1849:1...Rf5, 2.Qxf5# (unguards f5)
1840:1...Bh4, 2.Rxh4# (unguards h4)
1828:1...Bxc7, 2.Rh4# (unguards h4)
1825:1...Bd5, 2.Nxd5# (unguards d5)
1816:1...Bxh7, 2.Nd5# (unguards d5)
564:Hampstead and Highgate Express
13:
1:
4273:Computer chess championships
2457:
483:
2370:are awarded by FIDE via the
2293:Composition tourneys may be
1870:1...c3, 2.Nd3# (unguards d3)
1359:Retrograde analysis problems
7:
4050:Bishop and knight checkmate
2628:How To Solve Chess Problems
2492:Neweklowsky, Lutz (2001) .
2435:
500:
10:
4558:
4218:Other world championships
471:
438:set by the composer using
4499:
4409:
4312:
4165:
4060:Opposite-coloured bishops
4040:
3986:
3849:
3691:
3631:
3622:
3533:
3401:
3262:
3163:
2999:
2903:
2773:
2765:
2603:The Emperor of Ocean Park
2353:
2346:, organised by the PCCC.
2195:White mates in one move!
1480:chess problem terminology
4192:World Chess Championship
3153:World Chess Hall of Fame
2281:Various tournaments (or
1419:Beauty in chess problems
1396:Beauty in chess problems
478:to describe chess moves.
41:Adolphe Alexandre Lesrel
4486:Simultaneous exhibition
4396:Chess newspaper columns
4085:Rook and bishop vs rook
4070:Queen and pawn vs queen
2684:, Gambit Publications.
2510:without obtrusive units
2317:, problems showing the
2289:Composition tournaments
912:Lutz Neweklowsky, 2001
3936:Richter–Veresov Attack
3924:Queen's Indian Defence
2630:, Dover Publications.
1428:
568:1905–1906 (1st Prize)
43:
37:An Interesting Problem
4202:Candidates Tournament
4090:Rook and pawn vs rook
4055:King and pawn vs king
4006:List of chess gambits
3909:King's Indian Defence
3587:Isolated Queen's Pawn
3111:List of chess players
3053:Top player comparison
2852:Internet chess server
2550:10.1093/comjnl/bxm060
2520:Smullyan, R. (1994).
1530:Dubuque Chess Journal
1426:
1340:mathematical problems
866:(threatening 2.Nc3)
530:The problem exhibits
35:
3914:Nimzo-Indian Defence
3810:Scandinavian Defense
3771:Semi-Italian Opening
3676:King's Indian Attack
3565:first-move advantage
3218:Threefold repetition
3143:Bobby Fischer Center
3028:Charlemagne chessmen
3022:Göttingen manuscript
2986:
2827:Correspondence chess
2618:Shortest Proof Games
2387:Alexander Gerbstmann
2364:International Master
1501:light-square bishops
1498:
1460:and is judged to be
1433:aesthetic evaluation
1375:Shortest proof games
1170:
516:There is a specific
454:
4147:Two knights endgame
3894:Bogo-Indian Defence
3781:Two Knights Defense
3721:Nimzowitsch Defence
3411:Artificial castling
3048:Soviet chess school
2923:Dubrovnik chess set
2724:, Chess Informant.
2666:, Faber and Faber.
2333:Solving tournaments
2262:"ser-" abbreviates
1794:White mates in two
1493:There should be no
1323:retrograde analysis
916:& Karrer 2000)
374:Nikoli puzzle types
51:Part of a series on
4377:endgame literature
3919:Old Indian Defense
3829:Accelerated Dragon
3701:Alekhine's Defence
3433:Checkmate patterns
3302:symbols in Unicode
3297:annotation symbols
3060:Geography of chess
2928:Staunton chess set
2714:Velimirovic, Milan
2646:Matthews, R. C. O.
2624:Howard, Kenneth S.
2559:2016-06-08 at the
2479:www.ozproblems.com
1515:dressing the board
1429:
1384:Construction tasks
858:White mates in two
476:algebraic notation
474:This article uses
379:Puzzle video games
364:Impossible puzzles
255:Puzzle video games
44:
4524:
4523:
4401:Chess periodicals
4330:Chess in the arts
4262:Chess composition
4100:Philidor position
4036:
4035:
3978:Trompowsky Attack
3961:Semi-Slav Defence
3851:Queen's Pawn Game
3731:Four Knights Game
3706:Caro–Kann Defence
3671:Zukertort Opening
3458:Discovered attack
3178:Cheating in chess
3015:Versus de scachis
2730:978-86-7297-064-7
2598:Stephen L. Carter
2531:978-0-8129-2389-6
2403:Genrikh Kasparyan
2237:", standing for "
2193:
2192:
1886:self-interference
1792:
1791:
1534:1889 (1st Prize)
1167:
1166:
854:
853:
561:Godfrey Heathcote
556:Types of problems
432:chess composition
422:
421:
278:
277:
16:(Redirected from
4549:
4511:Chess portal
4509:
4508:
4452:Leela Chess Zero
4383:Oxford Companion
4335:early literature
4325:Chess aesthetics
4065:Pawnless endgame
4016:Bongcloud Attack
3994:List of openings
3966:Chigorin Defense
3904:Grünfeld Defence
3815:Sicilian Defence
3761:Ponziani Opening
3756:Philidor Defence
3751:Petrov's Defence
3693:King's Pawn Game
3666:Larsen's Opening
3629:
3628:
2990:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2682:Solving in Style
2592:lateral thinking
2576:Addison, Stephen
2563:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2471:
2447:Chess aesthetics
2415:Eeltje Visserman
2411:Comins Mansfield
2383:Arnoldo Ellerman
2256:"r" abbreviates
2250:"s" abbreviates
2244:"h" abbreviates
2229:"=" abbreviates
2223:"#" abbreviates
2098:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1897:
1697:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1538:
1527:Thomas Taverner
1502:
1437:Vladimir Nabokov
1296:Seriesreflexmate
1223:
1219:
1195:
1191:
1174:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1001:
995:
994:
988:
987:
981:
980:
974:
973:
967:
966:
961:
960:
920:
914:(after Thompson
862:Solution: 1.Rcc7
759:
758:
752:
751:
745:
744:
738:
737:
731:
730:
724:
723:
717:
716:
710:
709:
703:
702:
696:
695:
689:
688:
682:
681:
675:
674:
668:
667:
661:
660:
654:
653:
647:
646:
640:
639:
633:
632:
626:
625:
619:
618:
613:
612:
572:
547:Tactical puzzles
538:The problem has
509:The position is
458:
430:, also called a
414:
407:
400:
369:Maze video games
358:
318:Packing problems
313:Optical illusion
291:
80:
79:
76:
67:
48:
47:
21:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4503:
4495:
4405:
4391:Chess libraries
4308:
4212:FIDE Grand Prix
4207:Chess World Cup
4161:
4157:Wrong rook pawn
4095:Lucena position
4032:
3982:
3899:Catalan Opening
3874:English Defence
3859:Budapest Gambit
3845:
3803:Austrian Attack
3687:
3656:English Opening
3618:
3614:School of chess
3597:Minority attack
3529:
3498:Queen sacrifice
3397:
3258:
3254:White and Black
3249:Touch-move rule
3208:Perpetual check
3203:Fifty-move rule
3159:
2995:
2992:
2899:
2769:
2764:
2642:Lipton, Michael
2610:Frolkin, Andrei
2572:
2570:Further reading
2567:
2566:
2561:Wayback Machine
2543:
2539:
2532:
2518:
2514:
2490:
2486:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2438:
2356:
2335:
2291:
2279:
2233:(occasionally "
2216:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1935:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1576:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1522:Example problem
1504:
1421:
1264:semi-reflexmate
1221:
1217:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:obtrusive units
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
958:
917:
915:
913:
909:
908:
907:
906:
905:
897:1...Rc5 2.Rxc5#
894:1...Rxa4 2.Rc5#
888:1...Ne2 2.Qxh5#
879:1...Ne6 2.Red7#
876:1...Nc6 2.Rcd7#
870:1...Nxb3 2.Qd3#
859:
761:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
718:
711:
704:
697:
690:
683:
676:
669:
662:
655:
648:
641:
634:
627:
620:
610:
569:
567:
562:
558:
549:
540:aesthetic value
503:
486:
481:
480:
479:
460:
424:
423:
418:
389:
388:
359:
356:
349:
348:
347:
328:Problem solving
292:
287:
280:
279:
212:
159:Disentanglement
77:
74:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4555:
4545:
4544:
4542:Chess problems
4539:
4537:Chess endgames
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4434:
4432:Chess composer
4429:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4379:
4374:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4287:North American
4284:
4279:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4180:Chess Olympiad
4177:
4171:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4026:Scholar's mate
4023:
4018:
4008:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3941:Queen's Gambit
3938:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3884:Benoni Defence
3879:Indian Defence
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3822:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3793:Owen's Defence
3790:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3723:
3718:
3716:Modern Defence
3713:
3711:French Defence
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3646:Bird's Opening
3643:
3637:
3635:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3577:Pawn structure
3574:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3421:Alekhine's gun
3413:
3407:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3334:Half-open file
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3277:Chess notation
3274:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3234:
3232:Pawn promotion
3229:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3135:
3133:Women in chess
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3043:Hypermodernism
3040:
3038:Romantic chess
3035:
3033:Lewis chessmen
3030:
3025:
3018:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2871:world rankings
2863:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2800:Computer chess
2797:
2796:
2795:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2718:Valtonen, Kari
2711:
2693:
2675:
2657:
2639:
2621:
2607:
2595:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2537:
2530:
2512:
2484:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2442:Chess composer
2437:
2434:
2355:
2352:
2334:
2331:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2278:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2227:
2215:
2212:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1510:
1491:
1488:flight squares
1483:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1446:
1420:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1404:External links
1381:
1380:
1379:
1334:
1315:
1314:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1290:Seriesselfmate
1287:
1284:Serieshelpmate
1281:
1267:
1261:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1209:
1203:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
956:
954:
950:
949:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
918:
911:
910:
899:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
885:1...Nf3 2.Qe4#
883:
882:1...Nf5 2.Re5#
880:
877:
874:
873:1...Nb5 2.Rc5#
871:
860:
857:
856:
855:
852:
851:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
806:
805:
802:
798:
797:
794:
790:
789:
786:
782:
781:
778:
774:
773:
770:
766:
765:
762:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
698:
691:
684:
677:
670:
663:
656:
649:
642:
635:
628:
621:
614:
608:
606:
602:
601:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
570:
560:
559:
557:
554:
548:
545:
544:
543:
541:
536:
528:
521:
514:
502:
499:
485:
482:
473:
472:
457:over-the-board
420:
419:
417:
416:
409:
402:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
360:
355:
354:
351:
350:
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
293:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
275:
269:
268:
267:
266:
258:
257:
251:
250:
249:
248:
243:
235:
234:
224:
223:
222:
221:
210:
205:
200:
192:
191:
190:
189:
184:
179:
174:
166:
161:
156:
151:
143:
142:
136:
135:
134:
133:
131:Self-reference
128:
123:
118:
110:
109:
103:
102:
101:
100:
95:
87:
86:
78:
73:
72:
69:
68:
60:
59:
53:
52:
46:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4554:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4492:
4491:Solving chess
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:Chess prodigy
4479:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4464:Chess problem
4462:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4372:opening books
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4360:short stories
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:Art and media
4311:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:triangulation
4123:
4121:
4120:Tarrasch rule
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:Queen vs rook
4078:
4076:
4075:Queen vs pawn
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3931:London System
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3889:Modern Benoni
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:Dutch Defence
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3746:King's Gambit
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:Grob's Attack
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:Dunst Opening
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:Benko Opening
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3633:Flank opening
3630:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3388:Transposition
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3138:Chess museums
3136:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:Notable games
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2895:World records
2893:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2866:Rating system
2864:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:1-879479-33-8
2705:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2690:1-901983-66-8
2687:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2672:0-571-15363-1
2669:
2665:
2661:
2660:Morse, Jeremy
2658:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2636:0-486-20748-X
2633:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2588:1-85223-240-4
2585:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2407:Lev Loshinsky
2404:
2400:
2399:Marian Wróbel
2396:
2395:Cyril Kipping
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2284:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2214:Abbreviations
2211:
2209:
2205:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:knight's tour
1341:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:Helpselfmates
1244:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
952:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
922:
921:
903:
896:
893:
891:1...Nc2 2.b4#
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
867:
865:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
824:
823:
819:
816:
815:
811:
808:
807:
803:
800:
799:
795:
792:
791:
787:
784:
783:
779:
776:
775:
771:
768:
767:
763:
604:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
574:
573:
565:
553:
539:
537:
533:
529:
526:
522:
519:
515:
512:
508:
507:
506:
498:
495:
491:
490:chess problem
477:
470:
468:
464:
459:
452:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:chess problem
415:
410:
408:
403:
401:
396:
395:
393:
392:
385:
384:Puzzle topics
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
353:
352:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
290:
284:
283:
274:
271:
270:
265:
262:
261:
260:
259:
256:
253:
252:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
236:
233:
229:
226:
225:
219:
215:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
193:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
171:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
146:
145:
144:
141:
138:
137:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
89:
88:
85:
82:
81:
71:
70:
66:
62:
61:
58:
55:
54:
50:
49:
42:
38:
34:
19:
4463:
4437:Chess engine
4422:Chess boxing
4382:
4152:Wrong bishop
3999:theory table
3973:Torre Attack
3956:Slav Defence
3864:Colle System
3839:Scheveningen
3798:Pirc Defence
3741:Italian Game
3736:Giuoco Piano
3681:Réti Opening
3604:Piece values
3592:Maróczy Bind
3553:the exchange
3543:Compensation
3473:Interference
3463:Double check
3237:Time control
3224:
3198:by agreement
3126:grandmasters
3070:South Africa
3020:
3013:
2989:Score sheets
2935:Chess pieces
2842:Online chess
2788:Chess titles
2783:Chess theory
2721:
2699:
2681:
2663:
2653:
2627:
2617:
2601:
2579:
2540:
2521:
2515:
2502:kotesovec.cz
2501:
2494:Thompson, K.
2487:
2478:
2427:
2423:
2379:André Chéron
2376:
2357:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2315:patrol chess
2311:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2217:
2207:
2199:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1801:
1798:
1529:
1514:
1506:
1487:
1482:for a list).
1472:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1431:The role of
1430:
1410:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1352:
1348:eight queens
1337:
1326:
1316:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:Seriesmovers
1269:
1263:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
1211:
1206:Three-movers
1205:
1199:
1185:
1180:
902:knight wheel
901:
861:
563:
550:
531:
524:
517:
510:
504:
489:
487:
462:
440:chess pieces
431:
427:
425:
298:Brain teaser
207:
169:
154:Construction
36:
4367:Chess books
4167:Tournaments
4021:Fool's mate
3786:Vienna Game
3776:Scotch Game
3609:Prophylaxis
3525:Zwischenzug
3510:Undermining
3478:Overloading
3438:Combination
3287:descriptive
2982:Chess table
2977:Chess clock
2793:Grandmaster
2614:Wilts, Gerd
2594:' problems.
2582:, Crowood.
2419:FIDE Albums
2391:Jan Hartong
2368:FIDE Master
2360:Grandmaster
2327:anticipated
2277:Tournaments
1882:Organ Pipes
1413:fairy chess
1255:Reflexmates
1186:Directmates
523:There is a
518:stipulation
463:unrealistic
273:Metapuzzles
149:Combination
4531:Categories
4474:joke chess
4427:Chess club
4115:opposition
3572:Middlegame
3560:Initiative
3483:Pawn storm
3448:Deflection
3319:Key square
3309:Fianchetto
3242:Fast chess
3226:En passant
2918:chessboard
2696:Rice, John
2678:Nunn, John
2650:Rice, John
2506:– longest
2458:References
2428:The title
2258:reflexmate
1368:en passant
1328:En passant
1278:Seriesmate
1213:Moremovers
1200:Two-movers
535:solution).
484:Definition
333:Puzzlehunt
218:Logic maze
140:Mechanical
126:Logic grid
116:Dissection
18:Directmate
4457:Stockfish
4447:Deep Blue
4442:AlphaZero
4350:paintings
4142:Tablebase
4106:Strategy
4011:Irregular
3766:Ruy Lopez
3726:Open Game
3493:Sacrifice
3453:Desperado
3356:connected
3329:Open file
3324:King walk
3282:algebraic
3213:Stalemate
3188:Checkmate
2913:Chess set
2905:Equipment
2508:moremover
2231:stalemate
2225:checkmate
1507:obtrusive
1445:blunders.
1392:Le Sphinx
1239:Selfmates
1231:Helpmates
1192:", where
488:The term
451:checkmate
338:Syllogism
241:Crossword
121:Induction
98:Situation
4516:Category
4469:glossary
4130:Zugzwang
4110:fortress
4042:Endgames
3951:Declined
3946:Accepted
3624:Openings
3582:Hedgehog
3548:Exchange
3535:Strategy
3515:Windmill
3366:isolated
3351:backward
3173:Castling
3116:amateurs
3009:Timeline
2883:Variants
2837:Glossary
2820:software
2805:glossary
2720:(2012),
2698:(1996),
2680:(1985),
2656:, Faber.
2652:(1963),
2626:(1961),
2616:(1991),
2578:(1989),
2557:Archived
2436:See also
2309:(PCCC).
2299:informal
2283:tourneys
2252:selfmate
2246:helpmate
1890:Grimshaw
1804:zugzwang
1495:promoted
1450:key move
1388:Sam Loyd
1319:castling
511:composed
501:Features
494:tactical
172:problems
84:Guessing
4417:Arbiter
4410:Related
4267:Solving
4257:Amateur
3834:Najdorf
3416:Battery
3403:Tactics
3378:Swindle
3361:doubled
3341:Outpost
3272:Blunder
3087:Armenia
3001:History
2847:Premove
2815:engines
2810:matches
2775:Outline
1462:unsound
1310:endgame
1305:Studies
532:economy
434:, is a
323:Paradox
303:Dilemma
216: (
203:Sliding
177:Folding
57:Puzzles
4355:poetry
4345:novels
4320:Caïssa
4252:Senior
4242:Junior
3825:Dragon
3820:Alapin
3505:Skewer
3371:passed
3314:Gambit
3121:female
3082:Europe
3065:Africa
2960:Knight
2955:Bishop
2728:
2706:
2688:
2670:
2634:
2586:
2528:
2413:, and
2354:Titles
2295:formal
2264:series
1458:cooked
1364:retros
436:puzzle
289:Topics
246:Sudoku
232:Number
187:Tiling
93:Riddle
4302:WCSCC
4247:Youth
4237:Blitz
4232:Rapid
4222:Women
4185:Women
4137:Study
3987:Other
3520:X-ray
3443:Decoy
3428:Block
3383:Tempo
3346:Pawns
3264:Terms
3183:Check
3165:Rules
3099:India
3092:Spain
3077:China
2970:Fairy
2945:Queen
2876:norms
2767:Chess
2319:Lacny
1810:1 Rh1
525:theme
447:board
444:chess
442:on a
357:Lists
264:Mazes
208:Chess
182:Stick
107:Logic
75:Types
39:, by
4340:film
4297:WCCC
4292:TCEC
4282:CSVN
4227:Team
4197:List
3468:Fork
3393:Trap
3193:Draw
2965:Pawn
2950:Rook
2940:King
2888:List
2857:list
2832:FIDE
2726:ISBN
2716:and
2704:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2668:ISBN
2648:and
2632:ISBN
2612:and
2584:ISBN
2526:ISBN
2397:and
2366:and
2208:down
1473:dual
1469:each
1260:must
343:Tale
308:Joke
230:and
228:Word
214:Maze
198:Tour
164:Lock
4277:CCC
3488:Pin
3292:PGN
2546:doi
2297:or
2239:pat
2204:NRK
1454:key
1452:or
1402:in
1333:not
4533::
2644:,
2600:,
2500:.
2477:.
2466:^
2409:,
2405:,
2393:,
2389:,
2385:,
2381:,
2362:,
1532:,
904:.)
566:,
469:.
426:A
170:Go
3827:/
2759:e
2752:t
2745:v
2548::
2534:.
2504:.
2481:.
2235:p
2187:h
2184:g
2181:f
2178:e
2175:d
2172:c
2169:b
2166:a
2159:1
2156:1
2151:2
2148:2
2143:3
2140:3
2135:4
2132:4
2127:5
2124:5
2119:6
2116:6
2111:7
2108:7
2103:8
1930:8
1923:h
1920:g
1917:f
1914:e
1911:d
1908:c
1905:b
1902:a
1812:!
1786:h
1783:g
1780:f
1777:e
1774:d
1771:c
1768:b
1765:a
1758:1
1755:1
1750:2
1747:2
1742:3
1739:3
1734:4
1731:4
1726:5
1723:5
1718:6
1715:6
1710:7
1707:7
1702:8
1571:8
1564:h
1561:g
1558:f
1555:e
1552:d
1549:c
1546:b
1543:a
1486:(
1266:.
1222:n
1218:n
1194:n
1190:n
1161:h
1158:g
1155:f
1152:e
1149:d
1146:c
1143:b
1140:a
1133:1
1130:1
1125:2
1122:2
1117:3
1114:3
1109:4
1106:4
1101:5
1098:5
1093:6
1090:6
1085:7
1082:7
1077:8
953:8
946:h
943:g
940:f
937:e
934:d
931:c
928:b
925:a
864:!
848:h
845:g
842:f
839:e
836:d
833:c
830:b
827:a
820:1
817:1
812:2
809:2
804:3
801:3
796:4
793:4
788:5
785:5
780:6
777:6
772:7
769:7
764:8
605:8
598:h
595:g
592:f
589:e
586:d
583:c
580:b
577:a
413:e
406:t
399:v
220:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)
