522:
326:
case. This model has been criticised for undermining "the separation of powers" between investigators and prosecutors. However, it was evidently successful, with the
Scorpions achieving a conviction rate of over 90% during its tenure. By February 2004, they had completed 653 cases, comprising 273 investigations and 380 prosecutions. 349 prosecutions resulted in convictions, representing an average conviction rate of 93.1%. Between 2005 and 2007, they initiated 368 investigations, completed 264, and prosecuted 214, with a conviction rate of 85%; during that period they also seized R1 billion in assets and contraband worth R1 billion.
537:, Zuma ran for the ANC presidency, challenging the incumbent, national President Mbeki. A key part of his campaign platform was the disbanding of the Scorpions. Zuma won the election comfortably, and the conference resolved that the Scorpions should be disbanded "as a matter of urgency" in order to facilitate the constitutional imperative of a "single police service." When Parliament reconvened in early 2008, the disbanding of the Scorpions was announced as a legislative priority. Minister of Safety and Security,
604:
642:, and that the disbanding of the Scorpions had therefore been constitutionally invalid. The substance of the dispute was over the autonomy of the Hawks: international norms and the Constitution provide that the state must establish some independent body to investigate corruption, so the legal question was whether the Hawks fulfilled this role. Dissenting judges said that the Hawks did have structural and operational autonomy, while the majority judgement, prepared by
373:, complained publicly about an 18 August 2005 raid at Zuma's home, alleging that the raids showed that the NPA "could be manipulated and influenced to take biased political decisions and act accordingly." Zuma later unsuccessfully challenged the legality of a raid on his former attorney's offices. At the time of the Scorpions' disbanding, they had reinstated corruption charges against Zuma. The last raid the Scorpions ever undertook was reportedly a major raid on
619:
hearing as friends of the court, and in a joint submission alleged that the decision to disband the
Scorpions had been made not by an organ of state but by the ANC, "in an effort to protect its members from investigation and prosecution for alleged transgressions." The High Court found that it did not have jurisdiction to adjudicate a separation of powers matter, and the case went to the
45:
668:, announced that the SAPS Act would be reviewed and the independence of the Hawks re-examined. Further amendments to the SAPS Act are currently proposed in the SAPS Amendment Bill of 2020, which SAPS has said responds to the 2014 Constitutional Court judgement and which would put crime intelligence units under the control of the SAPS National Commissioner, rather than the Minister.
290:(2001–2003) and Leonard McCarthy (2003–2008). Their founding complement was 200 staff and, though this was supposed to expand to about 2,000 staff within two years, they employed only 536 staff at the time of their disbanding. They were divided into two main directorates: Operations, and Strategic and Investigative Support. Though independent, as a unit of the
305:, Section 7 of which gave it extremely broad powers to investigate and prosecute any organised crime or any other crimes determined by presidential proclamation. Its operational mandate, however, was slightly narrower than its legislative mandate – it was envisaged that the Scorpions would discuss the cases it took on with the Minister and with the police.
650:, found otherwise. Whereas the Scorpions, as a unit of the NPA, had been nominally independent of the executive branch, the activities of the Hawks were effectively directly controlled by the Minister of Safety and Security, who had executive authority over the police, and it was therefore "insufficiently insulated from political interference."
572:
all expressed extreme dismay over the decision, and the DA was prominent in accusing the ANC of making the move in order to subvert investigations into corrupt ANC officials. However, because the ANC had a supermajority in
Parliament, opposition parties had little legislative recourse to oppose the
452:
The
Scorpions, though popular with most of the public, were controversial among politicians and government officials. Common complaints were that the details of the Scorpions' investigations were frequently leaked to the public before prosecution had commenced; that the Scorpions abused their power
325:
The
Scorpions pursued a "prosecution-led" approach or "troika model", meaning that investigators, forensic analysts, and prosecutors worked together on each case – investigators collected evidence for study by analysts, and both were directed by the needs of prosecutors in building a legally strong
618:
heard an application to interdict, on constitutional grounds, the disbanding of the
Scorpions. A private citizen, businessman Hugh Glenister, filed the application. The DA, the African Christian Democratic Party, the Independent Democrats, and the United Democratic Movement all participated in the
653:
The
Constitutional Court judgement did not disband the Hawks and reinstate the Scorpions – instead, Parliament was given 18 months to make the legislation compliant with the Constitution. Parliament attempted to address the judgement by amending the SAPS Act again, and in 2014 Glenister – who had
501:
The
Commission also expressed concern about "the manner in which the DSO publicised the subject matter some of its investigations," which it felt could violate the rights of those being investigated, and about the poor relationship between the Scorpions and the police.
237:. An independent and multidisciplinary unit with a unique methodology which combined investigation, forensic intelligence, and prosecution, the Scorpions were known as an elite unit, and were involved in several extremely high-profile investigations, especially into the
453:
in exercising search and seizure warrants (including in the Zuma investigation, in which the ANC said that they had displayed "Hollywood tactics"); that they pursued selective and politically motivated prosecutions; and that they did not work well with the
473:) to review the mandate and location of the Scorpions. In June 2006, Mbeki decided, in consultation with Cabinet and the National Security Council, to "accept in principle the recommendations of the Commission." These recommendations included that:
269:
on 1 September 1999 as the
Directorate of Special Investigations, the unit did not legally or operationally come into existence until January 2001, by which time it had been renamed DSO. It was formally disbanded in January 2009 and replaced by the
541:(who was at that time responsible for the SAPS), said in February that the Scorpions would be dissolved and amalgamated with a new organised crime unit of the SAPS. This was pursued through amendments to the NPA and SAPS Acts, and the ANC
264:
announced the establishment of the
Scorpions in June 1999, promising "a special and adequately staffed and equipped investigative unit... to deal with all national priority crime, including police corruption." Though formally launched in
584:(appointed after Mbeki resigned) signed the legislation into law in January 2009. Prosecutors at the Scorpions were absorbed into other branches of the NPA, while investigators were moved to the new
1960:
316:
in government and the private sector, especially organised corruption and serious and complex financial crime; and money laundering and racketeering, especially under the 1998
1604:
542:
654:
already paid R3.8 million in legal fees in the preceding court challenge – again challenged the law in court, arguing that the amendments provided insufficient remedy. The
1018:
497:
The capacity of the police should be enhanced, for example by awarding it the same legal powers as the Scorpions and by co-locating prosecutors within its structures.
2400:
2253:
534:
661:
The case ultimately went to the Constitutional Court, which agreed that certain provisions of the Act remained unconstitutional, and struck those provisions aside.
420:, were ultimately convicted on fraud or related charges. And, from 2006 or earlier, the Scorpions investigated National Police Commissioner and close Mbeki ally
2332:
569:
334:
The Scorpions gained a reputation for investigating and prosecuting high-profile cases, sometimes involving high-ranking politicians of the ruling party, the
1764:
2176:
2201:
409:
638:. On 17 March 2011, the Constitutional Court ruled – in a narrow five-to-four judgement – that sections of the relevant acts were inconsistent with the
165:
480:
The Scorpions' prosecutors should continue to be subject to the authority of the National Director of Public Prosecutions and to the oversight of the
17:
2280:
1823:"Helen Suzman Foundation v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others; Glenister v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others"
505:
Controversially, Mbeki did not release the Khampepe report itself, only a statement summarising its contents. In early 2008, opposition party the
405:
1968:
481:
295:
424:, also for corruption. Selebi was ultimately convicted, following a highly politicised trial – in the run-up to which the chief prosecutor,
2395:
510:
513:, though the Presidency claimed that complying with the request would undermine national security. The report was released on 5 May 2008.
573:
amendments. Mbeki, still the national President though no longer the ANC President, also reportedly fought to keep the Scorpions intact.
2227:
2405:
302:
147:
317:
2305:
2068:
2379:
366:
412:. In 2005, the Scorpions charged forty or more Members of Parliament (MPs), primarily ANC members, with fraud, in so-called "
1395:
620:
359:
2146:
2410:
1713:
1069:
557:
506:
877:
488:
2120:
1687:
1121:
552:
The decision was controversial, and it was opposed by a majority of South Africans and various interest groups. The
1499:
1310:
342:, which began in 2001 or earlier and which led to the conviction on fraud and corruption charges of ANC politician
1772:
1551:
1199:
1173:
1147:
908:
1577:
494:
The Scorpions should continue to deal with high-level priority crimes and cases referred to it by the SAPS; and
291:
222:
201:
1934:
1853:
978:
355:
1525:
639:
634:
625:
454:
1447:
1343:
545:
set a deadline of June 2008 for the passage of the amendments, with a parliamentary committee, chaired by
1908:
2042:
1421:
1258:
1095:
677:
565:
408:
in Equatorial Guinea earlier that year. He pled guilty in the Cape Town High Court to contravening the
1879:
1661:
521:
413:
389:
335:
242:
595:
corruption, which on some accounts had been at the centre of political opposition to the Scorpions.
274:, a move pushed through Parliament by the ANC and often alleged to have been politically motivated.
1990:
1794:
1473:
1369:
655:
592:
339:
238:
2360:
Redpath, Jean (1 March 2004). "The Scorpions: Analysing the Directorate of Special Operations".
2094:
772:
433:
561:
553:
465:
On 1 April 2005, amid such complaints against the Scorpions, President Mbeki appointed Judge
282:
The Scorpions were led by a Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions, a position first held by
1232:
358:. The investigation involved well-publicised raids at the houses of Shaik, Zuma, and former
585:
271:
234:
100:
2254:"Judgement in the matter of the Helen Suzman Foundation and the President of the Republic"
825:
729:
8:
692:
615:
470:
370:
1632:
588:, colloquially known as the Hawks, which the new legislation established under the SAPS.
440:, and – both on drug smuggling charges and on charges related to the death of ANC donor
938:
313:
309:
118:
1318:
1207:
830:
813:"Will the Scorpion still sting?: The future of the Directorate of Special Operations"
780:
773:"Countering corruption in South Africa: The rise and fall of the Scorpions and Hawks"
734:
581:
577:
417:
397:
229:, tasked with investigating and prosecuting high-level and priority crimes including
812:
716:
591:
Controversially, the Hawks subsequently shut down the Scorpions' investigation into
2369:
1822:
820:
724:
643:
437:
939:"South Africa and the Scorpions: The Slow Death of an Elite Anti-Corruption Squad"
717:"Investigating the investigators: A summary of the Khampepe Commission of Inquiry"
1043:
682:
538:
230:
2016:
1284:
848:
632:
Once the legislation had been passed into law, Glenister challenged it anew in
2389:
1322:
1211:
834:
784:
738:
647:
466:
421:
393:
347:
246:
2177:"South Africa Constitutional Court Says Hawks Crime Unit Creation 'Invalid'"
1739:
1019:"South Africa harvesting the bitter fruit of the ANC's Polokwane revolution"
603:
580:
passed both amendments by a vote of 252 in favour and 63 opposed. President
2333:"Lawmaking: SAPS amendment legislation misses a transformative opportunity"
546:
441:
343:
283:
254:
178:
134:
2375:
1044:"South Africa arms deal that landed Zuma in court: What you need to know"
687:
607:
429:
374:
362:
261:
226:
665:
614:
In May 2008, while the relevant legislation was before Parliament, the
526:
425:
351:
287:
250:
184:
491:
on its law enforcement (as opposed to prosecutorial) responsibilities;
27:
Specialised unit of the National Prosecuting Authority of South Africa
1448:"Mbeki accused of protecting police chief after prosecutor suspended"
487:
The Scorpions should additionally be subject to the oversight of the
401:
382:
266:
2306:"Police on draft South African Police Service Amendment Bill, 2020"
432:, suspended. The Scorpions also investigated and charged mafia don
378:
2202:"'Unconstitutional' SAPS Act, Hawks independence goes to Concourt"
428:
of the Scorpions, was himself arrested, and the head of the NPA,
1633:"Statement on the report of the Khampepe Commission of Inquiry"
338:(ANC). The Scorpions led the multi-year investigation into the
44:
2281:"Review of Police Service Act underway, says police minister"
298:
and were ultimately subject to the Minister's oversight.
392:
and her broker on fraud charges. In 2004, they arrested
1714:"Presidency: There's no 'cover-up' of Scorpions report"
477:
The Scorpions should continue to reside within the NPA;
277:
2228:"Hawks 'not adequately independent': Glenister lawyer"
1961:"The ANC's political thuggery will lead to its demise"
2147:"Court sets date for Glenister's Scorpions challenge"
410:
Regulation of Foreign Military Assistance Act of 1998
509:
requested the release of the report in terms of the
2376:South Africa Investigates Alternative Police Force
1174:"ECAAR-SA Annual Report By: Terry Crawford-Browne"
482:Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development
296:Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Development
294:(NPA) the Scorpions drew their budget through the
166:Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development
385:in November 2008, linked to the Arms Deal probe.
2401:Defunct law enforcement agencies of South Africa
2387:
1526:"Gangsters fall foul of South Africa 'hit list'"
404:, in relation to his suspected involvement in a
1578:"Row as ANC moves to scrap South African 'FBI'"
2121:"Court ruling on Scorpions expected next week"
1688:"DA calls on Mbeki to release Khampepe report"
469:to head a commission of inquiry (known as the
1344:"40 accused in South African MPs' fraud case"
1552:"Kebble murder trial: Trigger man testifies"
586:Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation
101:Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation
1605:"Parliament votes to abolish the Scorpions"
1602:
714:
447:
2175:Wild, Franz; Cohen, Mike (17 March 2011).
909:"Political parties unite behind Scorpions"
148:National Prosecuting Authority Act of 1998
2362:Institute for Security Studies Monographs
2174:
824:
728:
602:
520:
350:, a close associate of Deputy President
1740:"52nd National Conference: Resolutions"
1122:"A timeline of Jacob Zuma's presidency"
1070:"Zuma feels the sting of the Scorpions"
1016:
979:"Scorpions disbanding unconstitutional"
878:"Scorpions will target organised crime"
810:
770:
14:
2388:
2380:South African Broadcasting Corporation
2330:
2170:
2168:
1935:"Zille takes Scorpions battle to Zuma"
1233:"Winnie Mandela found guilty of fraud"
849:"Scorpions target South African crime"
623:, where it was heard and dismissed as
610:was a vocal supporter of the Scorpions
511:Promotion of Access to Information Act
460:
367:Congress of South African Trade Unions
2278:
1903:
1901:
1854:"Battle over future of the Scorpions"
1848:
1846:
1844:
1817:
1815:
1656:
1654:
1627:
1625:
1603:Engelbrecht, Leon (24 October 2008).
1474:"Row as S Africa prosecutor arrested"
932:
930:
872:
870:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
329:
2331:Merten, Marianne (19 January 2021).
1765:"S Africa to shut anti-crime agency"
1500:"Scorpions snare Italian mafia boss"
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
936:
903:
901:
899:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
715:Kanyegirire, Andrew (8 March 2016).
710:
708:
556:, the Democratic Alliance (DA), the
533:In 2007, in the run-up to the ANC's
278:Mandate and organisational structure
225:of South Africa formed by President
2396:2001 establishments in South Africa
2165:
1440:
1422:"Kebble murder: The noose tightens"
416:." More than thirty MPs, including
308:It came to focus on such crimes as
24:
2354:
2017:"SA abolishes crime-fighting unit"
1898:
1841:
1812:
1771:. 22 February 2008. Archived from
1651:
1622:
927:
867:
745:
658:also launched its own application.
598:
558:African Christian Democratic Party
388:In 2003, the Scorpions prosecuted
301:The unit was governed by the 1998
25:
2422:
2069:"Hawks shut down arms deal probe"
1967:. 24 October 2008. Archived from
1285:"Thatcher fined over 'coup plot'"
1096:"Zuma raids 'politically driven'"
997:
956:
896:
826:10.17159/2413-3108/2006/v0i17a992
791:
730:10.17159/2413-3108/2008/v0i24a953
705:
529:resolved to disband the Scorpions
318:Prevention of Organised Crime Act
211:Directorate of Special Operations
38:Directorate of Special Operations
18:Directorate of Special Operations
2043:"Scorpions officially disbanded"
1880:"Scorpions 'not part of police'"
1396:"'Travelgate' saga finally ends"
1259:"Scorpions arrest Mark Thatcher"
1148:"Zuma raid ends in court battle"
1017:Du Toit, Pieter (26 July 2020).
811:Mashele, Prince (8 March 2006).
221:, was a specialised unit of the
43:
2406:Law enforcement in South Africa
2324:
2298:
2279:Ensor, Linda (27 August 2019).
2272:
2246:
2220:
2194:
2139:
2113:
2087:
2061:
2035:
2009:
1983:
1953:
1927:
1872:
1787:
1757:
1732:
1706:
1680:
1662:"Khampepe: Scorpions must stay"
1596:
1570:
1544:
1518:
1492:
1466:
1414:
1388:
1362:
1336:
1303:
1277:
1251:
1225:
1192:
1166:
1140:
1114:
1088:
1062:
1036:
771:Montesh, Moses (8 March 2016).
549:, set up to oversee progress.
489:Minister of Safety and Security
396:, son of former Prime Minister
1311:"Thatcher's son pleads guilty"
937:Sole, Sam (10 February 2009).
841:
292:National Prosecuting Authority
223:National Prosecuting Authority
202:National Prosecuting Authority
13:
1:
2095:"Arms deal probe (2000-2010)"
1370:"Travelgate: 14 plead guilty"
817:South African Crime Quarterly
777:South African Crime Quarterly
721:South African Crime Quarterly
698:
516:
354:, who was himself ultimately
2378:(2003), Special Assignment,
664:In 2019, Minister of Police
543:National Executive Committee
455:South African Police Service
245:(ANC) politicians including
190:Leonard McCarthy (2003–2008)
7:
1991:"Who killed the Scorpions?"
1795:"Scorpions to be disbanded"
671:
369:, the ANC's partner in the
10:
2427:
2411:Corruption in South Africa
678:Corruption in South Africa
566:United Democratic Movement
1909:"Scorpions support grows"
390:Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
336:African National Congress
286:(1999–2001) and later by
243:African National Congress
217:), commonly known as the
197:
171:
161:
156:
140:
130:
125:
114:
106:
96:
88:
80:
75:
67:
59:
51:
42:
37:
2310:South African Government
1637:South African Government
635:Glenister v President II
576:On 23 October 2008, the
535:52nd National Conference
448:Controversies and demise
126:Jurisdictional structure
2258:Helen Suzman Foundation
2206:The Mail & Guardian
2151:The Mail & Guardian
2125:The Mail & Guardian
2099:The Mail & Guardian
1718:The Mail & Guardian
1692:The Mail & Guardian
1556:The Mail & Guardian
1426:The Mail & Guardian
1374:The Mail & Guardian
983:The Mail & Guardian
913:The Mail & Guardian
656:Helen Suzman Foundation
356:charged with corruption
141:Constituting instrument
131:Operations jurisdiction
611:
570:Congress of the People
530:
241:and into high-ranking
32:Law enforcement agency
626:Glenister v President
606:
562:Independent Democrats
554:Inkatha Freedom Party
524:
157:Operational structure
121:429 million (2008–09)
1200:"Biting the corrupt"
621:Constitutional Court
2372::10.10520/EJC48750.
1939:Mail & Guardian
1858:Mail & Guardian
1454:. 28 September 2007
1402:. 22 September 2010
1317:. 14 January 2005.
1206:. 13 October 2005.
693:Glynnis Breytenbach
616:Pretoria High Court
507:Democratic Alliance
471:Khampepe Commission
461:Khampepe Commission
371:Tripartite Alliance
71:"Justice in action"
1941:. 14 February 2008
1860:. 10 February 2008
1829:. 27 November 2014
1694:. 25 February 2008
1584:. 12 February 2008
1532:. 28 November 1999
1506:. 12 November 1999
1315:The New York Times
1180:. 17 November 2011
1178:Accountability Now
1128:. 15 February 2018
884:. 2 September 1999
855:. 1 September 1999
612:
531:
400:, at his house in
360:Transport Minister
330:High-profile cases
314:white-collar crime
97:Superseding agency
2260:. 8 December 2014
2101:. 15 October 2010
2075:. 15 October 2010
2049:. 30 January 2009
2023:. 23 October 2008
1428:. 3 November 2006
1376:. 16 October 2006
1350:. 24 January 2005
1291:. 13 January 2005
582:Kgalema Motlanthe
578:National Assembly
444:– Glen Agliotti.
436:, mining magnate
418:Bathabile Dlamini
398:Margaret Thatcher
207:
206:
172:Agency executives
16:(Redirected from
2418:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2312:. 5 October 2010
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2234:. 22 August 2013
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2208:. 19 August 2014
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1850:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1775:on 30 April 2008
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1480:. 9 January 2008
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1265:. 25 August 2004
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1154:. 27 August 2007
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1102:. 19 August 2005
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1076:. 18 August 2005
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
995:
994:
992:
990:
975:
954:
953:
951:
949:
943:Global Integrity
934:
925:
924:
922:
920:
905:
894:
893:
891:
889:
874:
865:
864:
862:
860:
845:
839:
838:
828:
808:
789:
788:
768:
743:
742:
732:
712:
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438:Billy Rautenbach
346:and businessman
310:drug trafficking
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539:Charles Nqakula
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76:Agency overview
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55:The Scorpions
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2073:Sunday Times
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2025:. Retrieved
2020:
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1994:
1985:
1975:28 September
1973:. Retrieved
1969:the original
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1945:28 September
1943:. Retrieved
1938:
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1888:. Retrieved
1886:. 7 May 2008
1883:
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1864:28 September
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1773:the original
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1668:. 5 May 2008
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1608:
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1582:the Guardian
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1530:the Guardian
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1452:the Guardian
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1348:the Guardian
1347:
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1326:. Retrieved
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1293:. Retrieved
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1279:
1267:. Retrieved
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1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1237:the Guardian
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1227:
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1026:. Retrieved
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987:. Retrieved
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663:
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652:
640:Constitution
633:
631:
624:
613:
589:
575:
551:
547:Maggie Sotyu
532:
504:
500:
464:
451:
442:Brett Kebble
406:coup attempt
387:
377:premises in
344:Tony Yengeni
333:
324:
321:
306:
300:
284:Frank Dutton
281:
259:
255:Tony Yengeni
218:
214:
210:
208:
179:Frank Dutton
135:South Africa
92:January 2009
84:January 2001
60:Abbreviation
29:
2368:(96): 109.
2342:13 December
2316:13 December
2264:13 December
2212:13 December
2186:30 November
2157:13 December
2131:13 December
2105:13 December
2079:13 December
2053:13 December
2027:13 December
2001:13 December
1995:Politicsweb
1965:Politicsweb
1919:13 December
1890:13 December
1833:13 December
1804:13 December
1749:13 December
1724:13 December
1698:13 December
1672:13 December
1643:13 December
1614:13 December
1588:13 December
1562:13 December
1536:13 December
1510:13 December
1484:10 November
1458:10 November
1432:13 December
1406:13 December
1380:13 December
1354:13 December
1328:13 December
1295:13 December
1269:13 December
1243:13 December
1217:13 December
1184:13 December
1158:13 December
1132:13 December
1106:13 December
1080:13 December
1054:13 December
1028:13 December
989:13 December
948:13 December
919:13 December
888:13 December
859:13 December
688:Vusi Pikoli
608:Helen Zille
430:Vusi Pikoli
375:BAE Systems
363:Mac Maharaj
262:Thabo Mbeki
227:Thabo Mbeki
187:(2001–2003)
181:(1999–2001)
162:Overseen by
2390:Categories
1769:Al Jazeera
1609:DefenceWeb
699:References
666:Bheki Cele
568:, and the
527:Jacob Zuma
517:Disbanding
426:Gerrie Nel
414:Travelgate
352:Jacob Zuma
288:Percy Sonn
260:President
251:Jacob Zuma
235:corruption
185:Percy Sonn
2181:Bloomberg
1779:22 August
1323:0362-4331
1212:0013-0613
835:2413-3108
785:2413-3108
739:2413-3108
593:Arms Deal
457:(SAPS).
402:Cape Town
383:Cape Town
340:Arms Deal
267:Gugulethu
239:Arms Deal
219:Scorpions
107:Employees
89:Dissolved
2290:10 March
2238:10 March
1048:BBC News
672:See also
379:Pretoria
303:NPA Act
2047:News24
1884:News24
1827:SAFLII
1799:News24
1666:News24
1321:
1263:News24
1210:
1100:News24
1023:News24
833:
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783:
779:(39).
737:
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564:, the
560:, the
365:. The
253:, and
81:Formed
272:Hawks
68:Motto
2366:2004
2344:2021
2318:2021
2292:2020
2266:2021
2240:2020
2214:2021
2188:2011
2159:2021
2133:2021
2107:2021
2081:2021
2055:2021
2029:2021
2003:2021
1977:2010
1947:2010
1921:2021
1892:2021
1866:2010
1835:2021
1806:2021
1781:2010
1751:2021
1726:2021
1700:2021
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1645:2021
1616:2021
1590:2021
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1538:2021
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1486:2021
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1434:2021
1408:2021
1382:2021
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1330:2021
1319:ISSN
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1271:2021
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1160:2021
1134:2021
1108:2021
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1030:2021
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950:2021
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861:2021
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735:ISSN
646:and
381:and
233:and
209:The
2370:doi
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1289:BBC
1152:IOL
1126:IOL
882:IOL
853:BBC
821:doi
725:doi
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