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walls are defined by projecting steel I-beam mullions covered with flat black graphite paint, characteristic of Mies's designs. The balance of the curtain walls are of bronze-tinted glass panes, framed in shiny aluminum, and separated by steel spandrels, also covered with flat black graphite paint. This organization emphasizes the impressive height of the sleek towers. Franz
Schulze, a scholar of Mies's work, has praised "Mies's uncompromising devotion to principle, together with his vaunted sensitivity to proportion and structural detail and the organizational scale, combine to give the complex a monumental urban presence." The entire complex is organized on a 28-foot grid pattern subdivided into six 4-foot, 8-inch modules. This pattern extends from the granite-paved plaza into the ground-floor lobbies of the two towers, where the floors and elevator lobby walls are also granite. The lines of the grid continue vertically up the buildings, integrating each component of the complex. The 42-story, John C. Kluczynski Federal Building is the tallest of the three buildings. Both the Kluczynski and Dirksen buildings are elevated on open colonnades, called pilotis, at the plaza level.
330:
set at a right angle to the
Federal Building high-rise across Dearborn Street. The Dirksen courthouse was designed with fifteen, two-story courtrooms located on the top ten stories of the building. Courtrooms were located away from the curtain walls to reduce audio and visual distractions. The simple but elegant book-matched black-walnut paneling and molded-plywood spectator benches are lit by ceiling fixtures covered with an aluminum grid. During the 1990s, additional courtrooms were created within the building in a style complementing the original details; Mies's initial design planned for future expansion of this nature.
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274:. However, vehicular access for the post office required a street-level loading dock that would have intruded on the openness of the plaza between the two buildings. Upon further study, Mies designed a separate post office building with its own, below-grade vehicular access. The site for the new Federal Center included the block occupied by the Beaux-Arts style U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (1898–1905) designed by
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hall, 100 feet (30 m) wide and 25 feet (7.6 m) high, spans the center of the courthouse, serving as a visual gateway through the complex. From State Street on the east, one can look west down Quincy Street, through the courthouse, across
Dearborn Street to the central plaza and post office beyond.
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To its northwest is the freestanding Loop
Station post office, which is one story with two workroom levels below grade. Directly across the street from the Kluczynski building is the thirty-story Everett M. Dirksen U.S. Courthouse. The courthouse contains 1.4 million gross square feet of space and is
325:
The
Federal Center extends over two blocks; a one-block site, bounded by Jackson, Clark, Adams, and Dearborn streets, contains the John C. Kluczynski Federal Building and U.S. Post Office Loop Station, while a parcel on an adjacent block to the east contains the courthouse. A glass-enclosed great
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The Palmer House hotel garage, Majestic hotel, and the Great
Northern Office building were demolished in 1961. Tenants occupied the new U.S. Courthouse, the first of the complex's three buildings to be completed, in 1964. The government began demolition of the old post office in 1965 to clear the
333:
The simple and well-proportioned steel-and-glass design of the
Chicago Federal Center epitomizes the minimalist architectural approach favored by architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The structural framing of the buildings is formed of high-tensile bolted steel and concrete. The exterior curtain
347:, was unveiled on October 25, 1974. The 53-foot-tall steel stabile, with its bright red color and graceful curves, provides a striking contrast to the dark, angular steel and glass curtain walls of the Federal Center buildings. In 1998, the stabile was conserved and lighting was added.
250:
to construct a new office complex in
Chicago's Loop District. The Federal Center consolidated over thirty agencies formerly scattered throughout the city in substandard leased space. Four Chicago architectural firms joined forces for the commission. The world-renowned architect
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The Post Office remains unnamed for an individual, but features a large bust and monument to 19th century
Chicago Post Office manager George B. Armstrong, the founder and original superintendent of the
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234:. It is one of three buildings making up the modernist Chicago Federal Center complex designed by van der Rohe, along with Federal Plaza, the U.S. Post Office (Loop Station) and the
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In the early 1970s, the U.S. General
Services Administration, under its Art in Architecture program, commissioned a steel sculpture for the plaza from the celebrated artist
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site for the two remaining buildings. The Loop Station Post Office and new Federal Building were completed in 1973 and 1974 respectively. The courthouse was renamed for
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served as the chief designer with Schmidt, Garden and Erikson; C. F. Murphy Associates; and A. Epstein and Sons all working on the project.
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In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, Chicago Federal Plaza was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the
238:. Separate from the Federal Plaza, but opposite the Kluczynski Building across Jackson Boulevard, is the Metcalfe Federal Building.
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2002: Installation of perimeter-security bollard system in response to increased security requirements for federal properties
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Prominent Features: Striking glass tower; Projecting steel I-beam mullions; Open colonnades at tower bases; Flamingo stabile
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The original plan for the Chicago Federal Center called for two towers, the first to house federal agencies including the
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2012: Completion of full building modernization project, reducing building energy and water consumption by more than 40%
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and completed in 1964. The building is 384 feet (117 m) tall with 30 floors; it was named for U.S. Congressman
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to honor the longtime Illinois Senator after his death in 1969. The Federal Building was renamed in 1975 to honor
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for the Northern District of Illinois, and local offices for various court-related federal agencies, such as the
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2015:
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Architects: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe; Schmidt, Garden and Erikson; C. F. Murphy Associates; A. Epstein and Sons
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2006: Exterior curtain wall repair and repainting of entire three structure complex with Miesian black paint
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1993–1999: Additional two-story courtrooms constructed within original structure of Dirksen U.S. Courthouse
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Location: Dearborn Street between Jackson Boulevard and Adams Street in downtown Chicago's central Loop
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1965–1966: 1905 federal building demolished to allow for the construction of remaining two buildings
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The Chicago Federal Center designed by Mies van der Rohe, includes the Dirksen Courthouse, at left.
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1974: Federal Building completed; Flamingo stabile by Alexander Calder installed in plaza
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1973: U.S. Post Office Loop Station completed at Federal Center's northwest corner
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Society of Architectural Historians SAH ARCHIPEDIA entry on Chicago Federal Plaza
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1960: Congress authorizes the construction of the Chicago Federal Center
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290:, U.S. Representative from Illinois from 1951 until his death in 1975.
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United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
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United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
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Primary Materials: Steel and bronze-tinted glass; granite paving
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US Post Office Loop Station at the Dirksen Building. Photo by
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James R. Browning United States Court of Appeals Building
2430:
John Minor Wisdom United States Court of Appeals Building
2568:
Elbert P. Tuttle United States Court of Appeals Building
200:
United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
2028:
British International School of Chicago, South Loop
2476:Everett McKinley Dirksen United States Courthouse
2118:Everett McKinley Dirksen United States Courthouse
190:at 219 South Dearborn Street. It was designed by
180:Everett McKinley Dirksen United States Courthouse
35:Everett McKinley Dirksen United States Courthouse
2637:
497:"The proud history of architecture in Illinois"
476:. Chicago, Illinois. March 5, 1961. p. 31
2591:E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse
2307:
1862:
1384:
596:
2691:International style architecture in Illinois
2407:Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse
2338:John Joseph Moakley United States Courthouse
1398:
2499:Thomas F. Eagleton United States Courthouse
2361:Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse
2314:
2300:
1918:West Loop–LaSalle Street Historic District
1869:
1855:
1391:
1377:
603:
589:
2618:Howard T. Markey National Courts Building
494:
2661:Federal courthouses in the United States
406:Architectural Style: International Style
313:
305:
2686:1960s architecture in the United States
2453:Potter Stewart United States Courthouse
2384:James A. Byrne United States Courthouse
1648:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library
1430:(1928–1929; reconstructed, 1986) (with
610:
214:for the Northern District of Illinois,
14:
2681:Government buildings completed in 1964
2666:Skyscraper office buildings in Chicago
2646:Federal buildings in the United States
2638:
2154:Consulate-General of Pakistan, Chicago
1801:
1545:Cullinan Hall and the Brown Pavilion,
246:In 1960, Congress authorized the U.S.
2295:
1850:
1372:
1291:Mundelein College Skyscraper Building
584:
357:
2545:Byron White United States Courthouse
1892:Historic Michigan Boulevard District
1781:
495:Waldinger, Mike (January 30, 2018).
1477:Interior of Villa Tugendhat in Brno
1281:Marshall Field and Company Building
649:Trump International Hotel and Tower
524:Dirksen Federal Building on Emporis
354:Illinois component (AIA Illinois).
24:
2696:Modernist architecture in Illinois
2651:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe buildings
1955:Chicago Mercantile Exchange Center
1472:
1463:
431:from websites or documents of the
25:
2717:
1941:(former United/RR Donnelly Bldg.)
1907:Michigan–Wacker Historic District
1563:Pavilion and Colonnade Apartments
517:
391:
266:, and the second for the courts,
1876:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1612:Lafayette Towers Apartments West
1606:Lafayette Towers Apartments East
1296:New York Life Insurance Building
427: This article incorporates
422:
352:American Institute of Architects
40:
2701:1964 establishments in Illinois
2676:Government buildings in Chicago
2324:United States courts of appeals
2128:Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
1950:Chicago Board of Trade Building
846:Chicago Board of Trade Building
529:General Services Administration
433:General Services Administration
366:1964: U.S. Courthouse completed
301:
260:U.S. Department of the Treasury
248:General Services Administration
224:United States Probation Service
2016:Jones College Prep High School
1014:Northwestern Memorial Hospital
630:(formerly John Hancock Center)
488:
470:"Start Razing for U.S. Center"
462:
416:
232:National Labor Relations Board
208:United States Bankruptcy Court
182:, commonly referred to as the
13:
1:
1902:Loop Retail Historic District
1766:Portrait of Sir David Webster
1530:Lafayette Pavilion Apartments
883:Crain Communications Building
836:Carbide & Carbon Building
772:(formerly Time-Life Building)
456:
400:Construction Dates: 1960–1964
157:1.4 million gross square feet
2585:District of Columbia Circuit
1468:German Pavilion in Barcelona
1418:(1925–1926; destroyed, 1945)
501:Springfield Business Journal
7:
2123:Kluczynski Federal Building
1660:Kluczynski Federal Building
1600:Highfield House Condominium
1512:Lake Shore Drive Apartments
940:Kluczynski Federal Building
439:
236:Kluczynski Federal Building
10:
2722:
1438:Haus Lange and Haus Esters
1261:Hilliard Towers Apartments
1164:Three First National Plaza
268:U.S. Department of Justice
264:U.S. Department of Defense
241:
198:. The building houses the
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2445:
2422:
2399:
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2271:Museum Campus/11th Street
2255:
2196:
2136:
2093:
2079:Harold Washington Library
2066:
2051:Harold Washington College
2036:
2001:
1994:
1926:
1884:
1776:
1741:
1720:
1669:
1572:
1484:
1461:
1406:
1355:
1319:
1241:Bryn Mawr Apartment Hotel
1207:
970:Lurie Children's Hospital
965:London Guarantee Building
862:City Hall Square Building
770:541 North Fairbanks Court
765:425 South Financial Place
667:
628:875 North Michigan Avenue
618:
341:. His creation, entitled
186:, is a skyscraper in the
166:
161:
153:
145:
140:
132:
124:
116:
108:
100:
90:
86:219 South Dearborn Street
82:
68:
60:
55:
51:
39:
34:
2113:James R. Thompson Center
2058:Columbia College Chicago
2046:City Colleges of Chicago
1642:Nuns' Island gas station
1630:Richard King Mellon Hall
1594:Dirksen Federal Building
1524:900-910 North Lake Shore
1424:(four homes) (1927–1928)
1400:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
930:James R. Thompson Center
888:Dirksen Federal Building
781:860-880 Lake Shore Drive
253:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
192:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
184:Dirksen Federal Building
171:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
18:Dirksen Federal Building
2656:Courthouses in Illinois
2612:Court of Federal Claims
2144:Chicago Cultural Center
2108:Richard J. Daley Center
1636:Toronto-Dominion Centre
1582:Bacardi Office Building
1221:300 West Adams Building
1179:Waldorf Astoria Chicago
1134:Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
1109:Richard J. Daley Center
950:LaSalle–Wacker Building
924:Home Insurance Building
873:Coast at Lakeshore East
856:Chicago Temple Building
451:Toronto-Dominion Centre
310:Dirksen Building detail
220:Federal Public Defender
162:Design and construction
2074:Chicago Public Library
2011:Chicago Public Schools
1559:(co-authorship) (1959)
1478:
1469:
429:public domain material
322:
311:
216:United States Attorney
1897:Jewelers Row District
1494:Promontory Apartments
1476:
1467:
1361:have been demolished.
1266:Inland Steel Building
1226:The Arc at Old Colony
1194:Wolf Point East Tower
1174:Virgin Hotels Chicago
796:1700 East 56th Street
741:(formerly CNA Center)
539:Chicago Federal Plaza
535:Illinois Great Places
317:
309:
228:United States Trustee
212:United States Marshal
27:Courthouse in Chicago
2626:District of Columbia
2599:District of Columbia
1970:Two Prudential Plaza
1965:One Prudential Plaza
1939:77 West Wacker Drive
1728:God is in the detail
1624:New National Gallery
1620:(Canada) (1964–1967)
1584:(Mexico) (1958–1961)
1506:Carr Memorial Chapel
1251:Gage Group Buildings
1079:Peoples Gas Building
1049:One Prudential Plaza
1029:One Magnificent Mile
960:Leo Burnett Building
908:Grant Thornton Tower
816:The Blackstone Hotel
654:Two Prudential Plaza
446:Chicago architecture
296:Railway Mail Service
109:Construction started
2023:Muchin College Prep
1547:Museum of Fine Arts
1231:Auditorium Building
1099:Presidential Towers
1094:Powhatan Apartments
1084:Pittsfield Building
612:Chicago skyscrapers
567:41.8788°N 87.6290°W
563: /
272:U.S. Postal Service
64:international style
61:Architectural style
56:General information
2266:Millennium Station
2232:Monroe (Blue Line)
1960:Monadnock Building
1934:333 North Michigan
1709:(1929–1930) (with
1699:(1929–1930) (with
1588:One Charles Center
1538:(1955–1958) (with
1526:(completion, 1956)
1479:
1470:
1446:(1928–1930) (with
1428:Barcelona Pavilion
1286:Monadnock Building
1276:Marquette Building
1271:Manhattan Building
1064:Palmolive Building
1059:Palmer House Hotel
992:Metropolitan Tower
878:Consumers Building
786:900 North Michigan
734:333 North Michigan
709:151 North Franklin
668:Selected buildings
358:Significant events
323:
320:Carol M. Highsmith
312:
288:John C. Kluczynski
2633:
2632:
2289:
2288:
2242:Washington/Wabash
2227:Monroe (Red Line)
2159:Maggie Daley Park
2149:Civic Opera House
2103:Chicago City Hall
2089:
2088:
2004:secondary schools
1844:
1843:
1422:Weissenhof Estate
1366:
1365:
1337:Chicago City Hall
1301:Reliance Building
1256:Heyworth Building
1214:12 or more floors
1189:Water Tower Place
1114:River East Center
1039:One North LaSalle
893:Essex on the Park
868:Civic Opera House
831:Builders Building
811:Bilandic Building
791:900 West Randolph
755:400 East Randolph
644:St. Regis Chicago
620:Tallest buildings
572:41.8788; -87.6290
176:
175:
141:Technical details
16:(Redirected from
2713:
2562:Eleventh Circuit
2322:Headquarters of
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2309:
2302:
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2281:Van Buren Street
2247:Washington/Wells
2164:Dearborn Station
1999:
1998:
1975:Rookery Building
1871:
1864:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1834:
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1803:
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1677:Weissenhof chair
1626:(Germany) (1968)
1618:Westmount Square
1536:Seagram Building
1500:Farnsworth House
1393:
1386:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1347:Washington Block
1306:Rookery Building
1246:Chicago Building
1212:skyscrapers with
1209:Chicago Landmark
1199:Wrigley Building
1184:Warwick Allerton
1119:Roanoke Building
1054:Optima Signature
1044:One North Wacker
1024:One Bennett Park
998:Montauk Building
945:Lake Point Tower
776:540 West Madison
760:401 East Ontario
745:333 Wacker Drive
739:333 South Wabash
729:330 North Wabash
724:311 South Wacker
719:181 West Madison
714:155 North Wacker
704:111 South Wacker
699:110 North Wacker
605:
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339:Alexander Calder
136:384 feet (117 m)
44:
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2671:Central Chicago
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2608:Federal Circuit
2602:
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2470:Seventh Circuit
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2441:
2418:
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2326:
2320:
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2181:Millennium Park
2137:Other landmarks
2132:
2095:
2085:
2062:
2038:
2032:
2003:
1990:
1980:Sullivan Center
1922:
1880:
1875:
1845:
1840:
1772:
1769:(1971 painting)
1737:
1716:
1707:Tugendhat chair
1687:Barcelona chair
1665:
1644:(Canada) (1969)
1574:
1568:
1486:
1480:
1471:
1459:
1444:Villa Tugendhat
1408:
1402:
1397:
1367:
1362:
1351:
1315:
1311:Sullivan Center
1236:Brooks Building
1213:
1211:
1203:
1034:One Museum Park
903:Fisher Building
826:Boeing Building
801:Accenture Tower
750:340 on the Park
689:71 South Wacker
671:
670:with 20 or more
669:
663:
639:Franklin Center
614:
609:
571:
569:
565:
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493:
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479:
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474:Chicago Tribune
468:
467:
463:
459:
442:
423:
419:
394:
360:
304:
284:Everett Dirksen
276:Henry Ives Cobb
244:
196:Everett Dirksen
128:U.S. government
101:Current tenants
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2719:
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918:Hilton Chicago
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518:External links
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392:Building facts
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2539:Tenth Circuit
2536:
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2526:San Francisco
2523:
2519:
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2516:Ninth Circuit
2513:
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2500:
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2471:
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2447:Sixth Circuit
2444:
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2424:Fifth Circuit
2421:
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2378:Third Circuit
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2365:New York City
2362:
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2346:Massachusetts
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2332:First Circuit
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1987:(Sears Tower)
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1913:Printer's Row
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1485:United States
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1169:Tribune Tower
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1074:The Parkshore
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935:Joffrey Tower
933:
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851:Chicago Place
849:
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135:
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107:
103:
99:
96:
95:United States
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2475:
2392:Pennsylvania
2388:Philadelphia
2207:Adams/Wabash
2117:
2039:universities
2037:Colleges and
2002:Primary and
1985:Willis Tower
1878:Chicago Loop
1764:
1733:Less is more
1593:
1553:(1958; 1974)
1407:Berlin years
1358:
1327:Architecture
1159:The Pinnacle
1149:The Heritage
1124:The Shoreham
1104:Regents Park
996:
987:Mather Tower
979:
955:Legacy Tower
922:
913:Harbor Point
887:
860:
684:55 East Erie
659:Willis Tower
548:
504:. Retrieved
500:
490:
480:November 22,
478:. Retrieved
473:
464:
349:
342:
336:
332:
328:
324:
302:Architecture
292:
280:
257:
245:
188:Chicago Loop
183:
179:
177:
167:Architect(s)
29:
2434:New Orleans
1927:Skyscrapers
1836:Wikiversity
1759:Lilly Reich
1711:Lilly Reich
1701:Lilly Reich
1691:Lilly Reich
1681:Lilly Reich
1662:(1960–1974)
1638:(1964–1969)
1596:(1960–1964)
1575:(1960–1969)
1565:(1958–1960)
1532:(1955–1958)
1520:(1950–1956)
1514:(1949–1951)
1508:(1949–1952)
1502:(1945–1951)
1487:(1939–1959)
1454:Lemke House
1448:Lilly Reich
1440:(1928–1930)
1432:Lilly Reich
1409:(1907–1938)
1144:The Fordham
975:Marina City
841:Chase Tower
570: /
506:January 30,
417:Attribution
146:Floor count
2640:Categories
2622:Washington
2595:Washington
2530:California
2457:Cincinnati
2212:Clark/Lake
2169:Grant Park
2094:Government
1945:Aon Center
1816:Wiktionary
1697:Brno chair
1518:Crown Hall
1416:Villa Wolf
1069:Park Tower
821:BCBS Tower
634:Aon Center
558:87°37′44″W
555:41°52′44″N
457:References
154:Floor area
2503:St. Louis
2438:Louisiana
2096:buildings
2067:Libraries
1995:Education
1826:Wikibooks
1806:Wikiquote
1670:Furniture
1654:IBM Plaza
1573:Worldwide
1154:The Grant
1129:Skybridge
1089:Plaza 440
1004:NBC Tower
149:27 floors
117:Completed
2553:Colorado
2507:Missouri
2484:Illinois
2415:Virginia
2411:Richmond
2369:New York
2259:stations
2217:Harrison
2200:stations
2186:Template
2174:Template
1796:Wikinews
1332:Art Deco
1320:See also
440:See also
344:Flamingo
77:Illinois
69:Location
2576:Georgia
2572:Atlanta
2480:Chicago
2222:LaSalle
1786:Commons
1749:Bauhaus
1742:Related
1551:Houston
1359:italics
531:Website
242:History
91:Country
83:Address
73:Chicago
2549:Denver
2342:Boston
2237:Quincy
1909:(part)
1721:Quotes
1656:(1973)
1650:(1972)
1632:(1968)
1614:(1963)
1608:(1963)
1602:(1964)
1590:(1962)
1496:(1949)
1456:(1933)
672:floors
270:, and
230:, and
210:, the
206:, the
202:, the
133:Height
125:Client
2257:Metra
1885:Areas
2461:Ohio
1009:NEMA
806:Aqua
508:2018
482:2021
262:and
178:The
120:1964
112:1960
2198:CTA
2642::
2624:,
2597:,
2574:,
2551:,
2528:,
2505:,
2482:,
2459:,
2436:,
2413:,
2390:,
2367:,
2344:,
1549:,
537:-
499:.
472:.
298:.
226:,
222:,
75:,
2628:)
2620:(
2601:)
2593:(
2578:)
2570:(
2555:)
2547:(
2532:)
2524:(
2509:)
2501:(
2486:)
2478:(
2463:)
2455:(
2440:)
2432:(
2417:)
2409:(
2394:)
2386:(
2371:)
2363:(
2348:)
2340:(
2315:e
2308:t
2301:v
1870:e
1863:t
1856:v
1713:)
1703:)
1693:)
1683:)
1542:)
1450:)
1434:)
1392:e
1385:t
1378:v
604:e
597:t
590:v
510:.
484:.
435:.
20:)
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