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720:. While optimists by and large exhibit better health, they may alternatively exhibit less immunity when under prolonged or uncontrollable stress, a phenomenon which researchers have attributed to the "disappointment effect". The "disappointment effect" posits that optimists do not utilize "emotional cushioning" to prepare for disappointment and hence are less able to deal with it when they experience it. This disappointment effect has been challenged since the mid-1990s by researcher
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Kennett, White (1715). "A Seasonable
Discourse of the Rise, Progress, Discovery, and Utter Disappointment of the Gun-powder Treason and Rebellion Plotted by the Papists in 1605 3 Jam. 1. As Delivered in a Sermon Preach'd in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, London, on the 5th of November, 1715. ...".
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win of $ 10,000.00, an event which will theoretically be perceived more positively if that amount represents the highest possible win in the lottery than if it represents the lowest. Decision analysts operate on the assumption that individuals will anticipate the potential for disappointment and make
724:, who has published, alone and in accord, several articles evaluating its plausibility. Her findings suggest that, rather than being unable to deal with disappointment, optimists are more likely to actively tackle their problems and experience some immunity compromise as a result.
819:, had expectations of a benefit which did not materialise and for which damages were sought both for "diminution of value" (the quantifiable difference between the payment made and the value derived) and for "distress and disappointment". Judge
823:
gave permission for an appeal against the trial ruling on damages, noting that this case "may provide the opportunity to give authoritative guidance on the appropriate measure of damages in 'holiday' cases" where disappointment is an issue.
708:
rewards. Disappointment recovery time depends on the intensity of the disappointment, as well as the person experiencing the disappointment. For some it can take a few minutes while for others the same disappointment can take a few days.
643:, it differs in that a person who feels regret focuses primarily on the personal choices that contributed to a poor outcome, while a person feeling disappointment focuses on the outcome itself. It is a source of psychological
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if they had waited a few more days to sell. This experience of disappointment may influence subsequent behavior, and, the analysts state, an incorporation of such variables into disappointment theory may enhance the study of
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have focused on the impact of later disappointment resulting when an actual outcome comes to be regarded negatively based on further development; for example, if a person receives higher than expected
792:
Where goods or services have been purchased in the hope of some enjoyment and the delivery of the goods or services fails to generate the anticipated result, customers have at times sought damages for
877:"—alternative outcomes that would have been better than the one actually experienced—to the point that even positive outcomes may result in disappointment. One example, supplied by Bell, concerns a
796:
on the grounds of disappointment and distress. Such damages are not generally allowed by the courts, but there are cases where an award for damages has been considered and agreed.
870:, taxpayer compliance and customer willingness to pay. David Gill and Victoria Prowse have provided experimental evidence that people are disappointment averse when they compete.
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wherein people prove more likely to choose a certain reward than to risk a greater reward while at the same time being willing to attempt a greater reward with lower
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647:. The study of disappointment—its causes, impact, and the degree to which individual decisions are motivated by a desire to avoid it—is a focus in the field of
840:
1162:
A Seasonable
Discourse of the Rise, Progress, Discovery, and Utter Disappointment of the Gun-powder Treason and Rebellion Plotted by the Papists in 1605
897:
While earlier developers of disappointment theory focused on anticipated outcomes, more recent examinations by
Philippe Delquié and Alessandra Cillo of
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decisions that are less likely to lead to the experience of this feeling. Disappointment aversion has been posited as one explanation for the
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Delquié, Philippe; Cillo, Alessandra (2006). "Disappointment without prior expectation: a unifying perspective on decision under risk".
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1942:
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Milner v
Carnival (2010) is another example where customers, in this case Mr and Mrs Milner, who took an extended cruise on the
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Loomes, Graham (February 1988). "Further
Evidence of the Impact of Regret and Disappointment in Choice under Uncertainty".
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1552:"Do satisfied customers really pay more? A study of the relationship between customer satisfaction and willingness to pay"
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784:; disappointment in adulthood - the frustration of our demands by the world - as key to discovering who in fact we are.
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1771:"The Regret and Disappointment Scale: An instrument for assessing regret and disappointment in decision making"
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outcome. Disappointment theory has been utilized in examining such diverse decision-making processes as return
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Disappointment, and an inability to prepare for it, has also been hypothesized as the source of occasional
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1034:"Blessed are those who expect nothing: Lowering expectations as a way of avoiding disappointment"
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Jianmin Jia; James S. Dyer; John C. Butler (January 2001). "Generalized disappointment models".
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1224:"Is it best to expect the worst? Psychologists test long-held theory of emotional cushioning"
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Schwartz, Alan (2002). "Expected feelings about risky options". In Moore, Simon (ed.).
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922:. Disappointment is, along with regret, measured by direct questioning of respondents.
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Bell, David E. (Jan–Feb 1985). "Disappointment in
Decision Making under Uncertainty".
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Why Do People Go Home Again? Disappointment Theory and Target Saving Theory
Revisited
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Emotional
Cognition: From Brain to Behavior (Advances in Consciousness Research, 44)
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are disappointed when the outcome of the risk is not evaluated as positively as the
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684:. In literal meaning, it is to remove from office. Its use in the sense of general
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1522:"Regret and disappointment in taxpayer reporting decisions: An experimental study"
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Civ 389, paragraph 2, judgment delivered 20 April 2010, accessed 27 November 2022
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1594:"A Structural Analysis of Disappointment Aversion in a Real Effort Competition"
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1289:"Optimism and immunity: do positive thoughts always lead to positive effects?"
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Feeling of dissatisfaction following the failure of an expectation to manifest
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1247:"How does optimism suppress immunity? Evaluation of three affective pathways"
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people following the death of a loved one who, he said, are provided a false
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van Dijk, Wilco W.; Zeelenberg, Marcel; van der Pligt, Joop (August 2003).
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that is more designed to comfort bereavement therapists than the bereaved.
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in advancing the theory that disappointment-avoidant culture—particularly
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until they discover a week later that they could have gained much more
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of perfection in life and prevents people from achieving a healthy
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traces to the late 15th century, and it first appears recorded in
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Christian
Homburg; Nicole Koschate; Wayne D. Hoyer (April 2005).
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considered childhood disappointment essential to entry into the
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State Home and
Training School, Mich, Michigan. Lapeer (1932).
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Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems
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Mandel, David R.; Denis J. Hilton; Patrizia Catellani (2005).
1729:
Gul, Faruk (May 1991). "A Theory of Disappointment Aversion".
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Bell, David E. (January 1985). "Putting a premium on regret".
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Marcatto, Francesco; Donatella Ferrante (January 2008).
1111:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
858:, revolves around the notion that people contemplating
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Wilco W. van Dijk; Marcel Zeelenberg (December 2002).
846:
Disappointment theory, pioneered in the mid-1980s by
1381:Waelhens, Alphonse de; Eecke, Wilfried Ver (2001).
704:Disappointment is a subjective response related to
37:"Disappointed" redirects here. For other uses, see
1755:For an alternate model of the Allais paradox, see
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1385:. Leuven: Leuven University Press. p. 181.
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1344:. London: Sage Publications, Inc. pp.
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873:Disappointed individuals focus on "upward
655:, one of two primary emotions involved in
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1865:The Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking
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1657:. John Benjamins Publishing Co. pp.
1452:
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964:. the University of Michigan. p. 31.
1520:David Kelsey; Albert Schepanski (1991).
1383:Phenomenology and Lacan on Schizophrenia
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43:
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1592:Gill, David; Prowse, Victoria (2012).
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1526:Journal of Behavioral Decision Making
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894:when both options include some risk.
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1146:participating institution membership
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738:, in which he drew on the works of
651:, as disappointment is, along with
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1815:The Importance of Disappointment
1410:. Red Wheel/Weiser. p. 68.
1245:Segerstrom SC (September 2006).
758:. Craib offered as two examples
736:The Importance of Disappointment
82:
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1719:Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
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837:Untitled - Woman with a peacock
32:Disappointment (disambiguation)
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1114:(5th ed.). HarperCollins.
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1041:Journal of Economic Psychology
953:
13:
1:
1899:The dictionary definition of
1178:Schwartz, Todd (2003-09-05).
1164:. T. Wood, and T. Sharpe: 24.
1053:10.1016/S0167-4870(02)00211-8
699:
39:Disappointed (disambiguation)
3161:Social emotional development
1775:Judgment and Decision Making
1601:The American Economic Review
1230:. 2006-02-04. Archived from
1204:Neimark, Jill (2007-04-23).
886:, a problematic response in
850:with further development by
696:in the middle 18th century.
662:
631:that follows the failure of
7:
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1406:Hill, Philip (2009-08-25).
925:
10:
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1817:. Routledge. p. 216.
1813:Craib, Ian (22 Sep 1994).
1571:10.1509/jmkg.69.2.84.60760
1287:Segerstrom SC (May 2005).
1263:10.1037/0278-6133.25.5.653
36:
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1788:10.1017/S193029750000019X
1471:10.1007/s11166-006-0499-4
1305:10.1016/j.bbi.2004.08.003
1206:"The Optimism Revolution"
1133:Oxford English Dictionary
827:
782:symbolic world of culture
692:as an emotional state of
3094:in virtual communication
1465:(3). Springer: 197–215.
947:
802:Jarvis v Swans Tours Ltd
639:to manifest. Similar to
1514:April 14, 2008, at the
1138:Oxford University Press
1084:10.1023/A:1022823221146
1013:Ma, Lybi (2004-03-29).
888:expected utility theory
772:stage model of recovery
750:culture—provides false
2711:
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1913:Quotations related to
1759:at overcomingbias.com.
1538:10.1002/bdm.3960040104
1072:Motivation and Emotion
843:
787:
110:Emotional intelligence
55:
53:Julius LeBlanc Stewart
1869:. Routledge. p.
1638:on December 30, 2011.
1613:10.1257/aer.102.1.469
1336:Seale, Clive (2002).
992:10.1287/mnsc.31.1.117
835:
47:
3131:Group affective tone
1559:Journal of Marketing
313:Emotional Detachment
30:For other uses, see
3184:constructed emotion
2854:functional accounts
1696:10.1287/opre.33.1.1
1684:Operations Research
1408:Lacan For Beginners
1180:"Positive Thinking"
1136:(Online ed.).
841:Jogesh Chandra Seal
734:published the book
3084:in decision-making
2325:(sense of purpose)
1757:The Allais Paradox
1507:See, for example,
1293:Brain Behav. Immun
1015:"Down But Not Out"
980:Management Science
962:Staff Papers, 1932
920:behavioral finance
844:
794:breach of contract
722:Suzanne Segerstrom
627:is the feeling of
56:
3214:
3213:
2801:Appeal to emotion
2579:Social connection
1880:978-0-415-32241-6
1824:978-0-415-09383-5
1668:978-1-58811-224-8
1417:978-1-939994-13-4
1392:978-90-5867-160-8
1371:, p. 167–168
1355:978-0-7619-4730-1
1228:Psych Central.com
1144:(Subscription or
670:is traced to the
649:decision analysis
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548:Social connection
16:(Redirected from
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3089:in the workplace
2985:Empathy quotient
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2898:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2839:classification
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2559:Sentimentality
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2395:at first sight
2392:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2133:Disappointment
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1915:Disappointment
1906:
1902:disappointment
1890:
1889:External links
1887:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1858:
1840:(217): 47–62.
1829:
1823:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1761:
1709:
1674:
1667:
1641:
1607:(1): 469–503.
1584:
1546:on 2012-12-10.
1500:
1440:
1423:
1416:
1398:
1391:
1373:
1361:
1354:
1328:
1299:(3): 195–200.
1251:Health Psychol
1237:
1234:on 2015-11-22.
1215:
1193:
1190:on 2008-03-07.
1167:
1151:
1117:
1097:
1058:
1024:
1005:
967:
951:
949:
946:
945:
944:
942:Disenchantment
939:
937:Paris syndrome
934:
927:
924:
909:, they may be
884:Allais paradox
829:
826:
817:Queen Victoria
800:cases include
789:
786:
716:compromise in
701:
698:
677:by way of the
672:Middle English
664:
661:
625:Disappointment
620:
619:
617:
616:
609:
602:
594:
591:
590:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
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405:
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385:
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365:
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350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
278:Disappointment
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
154:
153:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
141:
140:
135:
134:
133:
128:
117:
112:
107:
102:
100:Classification
97:
91:
88:
87:
74:
73:
67:
66:
49:Disappointment
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3244:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
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3072:
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3069:
3065:
3062:
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3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2948:dysregulation
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2896:interpersonal
2894:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2749:in psychology
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:consciousness
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:Schadenfreude
2539:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:Mono no aware
2405:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2261:Joie de vivre
2258:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Gratification
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:Embarrassment
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:Belongingness
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1905:at Wiktionary
1904:
1903:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:(3): 667–86.
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1645:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:(5): 653–57.
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:(4): 321–31.
1077:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1047:(4): 505–16.
1046:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
986:(1): 117–20.
985:
981:
974:
972:
963:
956:
952:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
923:
921:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:Robert Sugden
853:
852:Graham Loomes
849:
848:David E. Bell
842:
838:
834:
825:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
785:
783:
779:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:self-identity
753:
749:
745:
744:Sigmund Freud
741:
740:Melanie Klein
737:
733:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
714:immune system
710:
707:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673:
669:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
615:
610:
608:
603:
601:
596:
595:
593:
592:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:Schadenfreude
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
353:Gratification
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
308:Embarrassment
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
273:Determination
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
223:Belongingness
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
146:
145:
139:
136:
132:
131:Dysregulation
129:
127:
126:Interpersonal
124:
123:
122:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
92:
90:
89:
85:
80:
76:
75:
72:
69:
68:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
46:
40:
33:
19:
3206:
3146:Meta-emotion
3059:Emotionality
3032:responsivity
2980:and bullying
2975:intelligence
2785:Affectivity
2769:neuroscience
2739:in education
2322:
2283:Homesickness
2259:
2185:Enthrallment
2170:Emotion work
2132:
2033:Anticipation
1917:at Wikiquote
1901:
1864:
1837:
1833:
1814:
1781:(1): 87–99.
1778:
1774:
1764:
1734:
1731:Econometrica
1730:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1652:
1644:
1633:the original
1604:
1600:
1587:
1565:(2): 84–96.
1562:
1558:
1543:the original
1532:(1): 33–53.
1529:
1525:
1503:
1462:
1458:
1426:
1407:
1401:
1382:
1376:
1364:
1339:
1331:
1296:
1292:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1232:the original
1227:
1218:
1209:
1188:the original
1183:
1161:
1154:
1131:
1120:
1109:
1106:"disappoint"
1100:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1044:
1040:
1027:
1018:
1008:
983:
979:
961:
955:
932:Anticipation
907:stock market
896:
872:
845:
836:
821:Simon Tuckey
816:
810:
791:
776:
752:expectations
735:
726:
711:
703:
681:
675:disappointen
674:
667:
666:
633:expectations
624:
623:
277:
198:Anticipation
48:
3074:and culture
2879:recognition
2864:homeostatic
2764:forecasting
2713:Weltschmerz
2686:Misanthropy
2463:grandiosity
2345:Inspiration
2335:Infatuation
2303:Humiliation
2225:Frustration
2098:Contentment
1725:(1): 59–78.
1690:(1): 1–27.
1285:. See also
892:probability
839:(1919), by
804:(1972) and
798:English law
762:victims of
706:anticipated
686:frustration
682:desapointer
403:Humiliation
348:Frustration
248:Contentment
51:(1882), by
3221:Categories
3151:Pathognomy
3052:well-being
2968:and gender
2963:expression
2958:exhaustion
2943:detachment
2928:competence
2909:Emotional
2891:regulation
2874:perception
2869:in animals
2819:and memory
2755:Affective
2663:Worldviews
2525:melancholy
2510:Resentment
2380:Loneliness
2355:Irritation
2340:Insecurity
2330:Indulgence
2205:Excitement
2190:Enthusiasm
2123:Depression
2083:Confidence
2078:Compassion
2053:Attraction
1978:Admiration
1973:Acceptance
1430:Ward, LJ,
1369:Seale 2002
1184:lclark.edu
1148:required.)
700:Psychology
679:Old French
668:Disappoint
508:Resentment
433:Loneliness
323:Enthusiasm
263:Depression
233:Confidence
163:Admiration
158:Acceptance
105:In animals
3179:appraisal
3119:sociology
3070:Emotions
3042:symbiosis
3027:reasoning
2997:isolation
2938:contagion
2923:blackmail
2849:expressed
2844:evolution
2834:and sleep
2824:and music
2759:computing
2706:Reclusion
2701:Pessimism
2676:Defeatism
2606:Suffering
2552:Sehnsucht
2495:Rejection
2446:self-pity
2421:Nostalgia
2390:limerence
2360:Isolation
2298:Hostility
2255:Happiness
2235:Gratitude
2180:Emptiness
2163:vicarious
2113:Curiosity
2088:Confusion
2028:Annoyance
2008:Amusement
1998:Agitation
1993:Affection
1988:Aesthetic
1983:Adoration
1834:Economica
1579:167912490
1495:153598000
1479:0895-5646
868:migration
778:Lacanians
760:litigious
732:Ian Craib
727:In 1994,
718:optimists
694:dejection
663:Etymology
568:Suspicion
558:Suffering
528:Self-pity
493:Rejection
448:Nostalgia
428:Limerence
398:Hostility
378:Happiness
358:Gratitude
303:Elevation
258:Curiosity
238:Confusion
193:Annoyance
173:Amusement
168:Affection
3227:Emotions
3037:security
3017:literacy
3002:lability
2992:intimacy
2933:conflict
2913:aperture
2810:Emotion
2794:negative
2789:positive
2779:spectrum
2744:measures
2696:Optimism
2691:Nihilism
2681:Fatalism
2671:Cynicism
2616:Sympathy
2611:Surprise
2453:Pleasure
2375:Kindness
2365:Jealousy
2350:Interest
2317:Hysteria
2200:Euphoria
2143:Distrust
2093:Contempt
2073:Calmness
1965:Emotions
1952:Emotions
1797:16164726
1621:41408781
1512:Archived
1487:41761247
1323:15797306
1281:17014284
1092:55491643
926:See also
864:expected
808:(2001).
768:grieving
563:Surprise
473:Pleasure
423:Kindness
413:Jealousy
408:Interest
333:Euphoria
288:Distrust
243:Contempt
150:Emotions
71:Emotions
63:a series
61:Part of
3207:Italics
3170:Theory
3126:Feeling
3079:history
3064:bounded
3022:prosody
2829:and sex
2814:and art
2774:science
2730:Affect
2724:Related
2599:chronic
2574:Shyness
2534:Saudade
2520:Sadness
2515:Revenge
2505:Remorse
2436:Passion
2426:Outrage
2416:Neglect
2276:Hiraeth
2175:Empathy
2153:Ecstasy
2138:Disgust
2108:Cruelty
2103:Courage
2068:Boredom
2048:Arousal
2038:Anxiety
2023:Anguish
1854:2554246
1751:2938223
1629:7842439
1434:(2010)
1348:, 242.
1314:1948078
1272:1613541
1000:2631680
905:in the
879:lottery
748:therapy
690:English
543:Shyness
518:Saudade
513:Sadness
503:Remorse
463:Passion
453:Outrage
318:Empathy
298:Ecstasy
283:Disgust
253:Courage
228:Boredom
213:Arousal
203:Anxiety
188:Anguish
138:Valence
3174:affect
3156:Pathos
3109:social
2953:eating
2626:Wonder
2594:Stress
2584:Sorrow
2500:Relief
2490:Regret
2478:vanity
2473:insult
2468:hubris
2323:Ikigai
2293:Horror
2269:Hatred
2128:Desire
2118:Defeat
2043:Apathy
1877:
1852:
1821:
1795:
1749:
1704:170863
1702:
1665:
1627:
1619:
1577:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1414:
1389:
1352:
1321:
1311:
1279:
1269:
1090:
998:
915:profit
911:elated
899:INSEAD
828:Theory
813:Cunard
653:regret
645:stress
641:regret
578:Wonder
553:Sorrow
498:Relief
488:Regret
393:Horror
383:Hatred
268:Desire
208:Apathy
95:Affect
3099:moral
3007:labor
2859:group
2638:Worry
2621:Trust
2589:Spite
2569:Shock
2564:Shame
2458:Pride
2431:Panic
2310:Hygge
2250:Guilt
2245:Grief
2240:Greed
2210:Faith
2148:Doubt
2018:Angst
2013:Anger
2003:Agony
1850:JSTOR
1793:S2CID
1747:JSTOR
1700:JSTOR
1661:–96.
1636:(PDF)
1625:S2CID
1617:JSTOR
1597:(PDF)
1575:S2CID
1555:(PDF)
1491:S2CID
1483:JSTOR
1142:
1088:S2CID
1037:(PDF)
996:JSTOR
948:Notes
903:gains
860:risks
815:ship
637:hopes
583:Worry
573:Trust
538:Shock
533:Shame
478:Pride
458:Panic
373:Guilt
368:Grief
363:Greed
338:Faith
293:Doubt
183:Angst
178:Anger
3232:Risk
2918:bias
2903:work
2485:Rage
2441:Pity
2402:Lust
2385:Love
2288:Hope
2220:Flow
2215:Fear
2195:Envy
1956:list
1875:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1727:and
1663:ISBN
1548:and
1475:ISSN
1436:EWCA
1412:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1319:PMID
1277:PMID
854:and
742:and
483:Rage
468:Pity
443:Lust
438:Love
388:Hope
343:Fear
328:Envy
115:Mood
2370:Joy
2058:Awe
1871:251
1842:doi
1783:doi
1739:doi
1692:doi
1659:183
1609:doi
1605:102
1567:doi
1534:doi
1467:doi
1346:167
1309:PMC
1301:doi
1267:PMC
1259:doi
1080:doi
1049:doi
988:doi
788:Law
635:or
418:Joy
218:Awe
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