538:, brother of the cardinal, and ordered Morone to attend. They were not to take part in the debates, but were to watch events closely and report to Rome. Granvella opened the proceedings at Worms, 25 November, with an eloquent and conciliatory address. He pictured the evils which had befallen Germany, "once the first of all nations in fidelity, religion, piety, and divine worship", and warned his hearers that "all the evils that shall come upon you and your people, if, by clinging stubbornly to preconceived notions, you prevent a renewal of concord, will be ascribed to you as the authors of them." On behalf of the Protestants, Melanchthon returned "an intrepid answer"; he threw all the blame upon the Catholics, who refused to accept the new Gospel.
605:. Thus emended, the "Book" was presented to the collocutors by Granvella for consideration. The first four articles, treating of man before the fall, free will, the origin of sin, and original sin, were accepted. The battle began in earnest when the fifth article, on justification, was reached. After long and vehement debates, a formula was presented by Bucer and accepted by the majority, so worded as to be capable of bearing a Catholic and a Lutheran interpretation. Naturally, it was unsatisfactory to both parties. The Holy See condemned it and administered a severe rebuke to Contarini for not protesting against it. No greater success was attained as to the other articles of importance.
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186:. According to Michael J. Cook, "Since 'winning' a debate could well jeopardize the security of the Jewish community at large, political considerations certainly entered into what Jewish disputants publicly said or refrained from saying. ... Official transcripts of these proceedings, moreover, may not duplicate what actually transpired; in some places what they record was not the live action, as it were, but Christian polemical revision composed after the fact."
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377:. Eck came to Leipzig with one attendant; Luther and Karlstadt entered the city accompanied by an army of adherents, mostly students. From 27 June to 4 July (1519) Eck and Karlstadt debated the subject of free will and our ability to cooperate with grace. Eck forced his antagonist to make admissions which stultified the new Lutheran doctrine, whereupon Luther himself came forward to assail the dogma of
1924:
258:). At the end of disputation, the king awarded Nachmanides a monetary prize and declared that never before had he heard "an unjust cause so nobly defended." Nevertheless, the Dominicans claimed the victory and Nachmanides was exiled and his report of the proceedings was condemned and burned. A committee appointed by the king censored the passages from the Talmud they deemed offensive.
38:
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A great deal of time was spent in wrangling over points of order; finally it was decided that Eck should be spokesman for the
Catholics and Melanchthon for the Protestants. The debate began 14 January 1541. The Augsburg Confession as the basis of the conference; the Augsburg Confession of 1540 was a
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on the other. It consisted of twenty-three chapters, in which the attempt was made so to formulate the controverted doctrines that each party might find its own views therein expressed. How much
Charles and Granvella had to do in the transaction, is unknown; they certainly knew and approved of it.
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and his lieutenants organized a number of one-sided debates under the presidency of town councils already won over to
Protestantism. Such were the disputations of Zurich, 1523, of Swiss Baden, 1526, and of Berne, 1528. In all of these the result was the abolition of Catholic worship and in their
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The
Leipzig Disputation was the last occasion on which the ancient custom of swearing to advance no tenet contrary to Catholic doctrine was observed. In all subsequent debates between Catholics and Protestants, the bare text of Holy Writ was taken as the authority. This placed the Catholics in a
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disputations which began in the 18th century BC. Sumerian and
Akkadian language disputations had some discontinuity, insofar as different topics were discussed, different literary conventions were used, and none of the later Akkadian disputations appear to be translations of earlier Sumerian
182:. Often, the Christian side was represented by a recent convert from Judaism. The only way for the Jewish side to 'win' was to force a draw by drawing the Christian side into a position in which it was necessary to deny the Old Testament to win, committing
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On 22 May the conference ended, and the emperor was informed as to the articles agreed upon and those on which agreement was impossible. Charles was sorely disappointed, but he was powerless to effect anything further. The decree known as the
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attempted to bring the religious troubles of
Germany to a "speedy and peaceful termination" by conferences between the Catholic and the Protestant divines. The Protestants proclaimed their determination to adhere to the terms of the
557:, whither the emperor had summoned a diet, which he promised to attend in person. This diet, from which the emperor anticipated brilliant results, was called to order 5 April 1541. As legate of the pope appeared
229:. The commission of Christian theologians condemned the Talmud to be burned and on June 17, 1244, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were set on fire in the streets of Paris.
601:, declared that now "as a private person" he could accept it; but as legate he must consult with the Catholic theologians. Eck secured the substitution of a conciser exposition of the doctrine of
373:, although the faculty of the university entered a protest, and the Bishops of Merseburg and Brandenburg launched prohibitions and an excommunication, the disputation took place under the ægis of
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When it was shown to the legate and Morone, the latter was for rejecting it summarily; Contarini, after making a score of emendations, notably emphasizing in
Article 14 the dogma of
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as the basis of agreement. This compilation, it developed later, was the result of secret conferences, held during the meeting at Worms, between the
Protestants, Bucer and
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is a genre of literature involving two contenders who seek to establish a resolution to a problem or establish the superiority of something. An example of the latter is in
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The "Book" had been submitted by the
Elector of Brandenburg to the judgment of Luther and Melanchthon; and their contemptuous treatment of it augured ill for its success.
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Undismayed by the failure of the
Hagenau conference, the emperor made more strenuous efforts for the success of the coming colloquy at Worms. He dispatched his minister
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Mittermayer, Catherine (2020). "The Sumerian Precedence Debates: The World's Oldest Rhetorical Exercises?". In Jimenez, Enrique; Mittermayer, Catherine (eds.).
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459:, and, in addition, formally repudiated the authority of the Roman pontiff and "would admit no other judge of the controversy than Jesus Christ"; both
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could be induced to attend. Melanchthon was absent through illness. The leading Protestant theologians at the conference were Bucer, Brenz,
322:, 31 October 1517. Although presented as a call to an ordinary scholastic dispute, there is no evidence that such an event ever took place.
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disputant tossing their books into a fire. According to the legend, Saint Dominic's books miraculously leapt out of the fire.
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different document from the Confession of 1530, having been changed by Melanchthon to suit his sacramentarian view of the
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409:. Finally, Duke George declared the disputation closed, and each of the contendents departed, as usual, claiming victory.
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in April 1518, Luther directed a dispute on 28 theological and 12 philosophical theses. He was successful in winning over
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and its consequences, and a formula was drafted to which both parties agreed, the Protestants with a reservation.
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Cohen, Martin A. "Reflections on the Text and Context of the Disputation of Barcelona,"
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about the Church's wealth and if Jesus and the Apostles held any material possessions.
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Disputation and Dialogue: Readings in the Jewish-Christian Encounter
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Jewish Philosophical Polemic against Christianity in the Middle Ages
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At this point Granvella suspended the conference, to be resumed at
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opinion the desecration of churches and religious institutions.
30:"Disputationes" redirects here. For the work by Bellarmine, see
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for the Protestants. A document of mysterious origin, the
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A significant category of disputations took place between
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A disputation between Christian and Jewish scholars (1483)
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Donavin, Georgiana; Carol Poster, and Richard Utz, eds.
796:"Evolving Jewish Views of Jesus" by Michael J. Cook, in
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declined to intervene and returned the documents; the
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1375: public disputations held at Burgos and Avila by
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and challenged his adversary to a public debate. In
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The Jewish-Christian Debate in the High Middle Ages
573:for the Catholic side, and Melanchthon, Bucer, and
205:, who earlier converted from Judaism and persuaded
1063:Medieval Forms of Argument: Disputation and Debate
1007:Disputation Literature in the Near East and Beyond
1042:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).
23:. For the oral defense of a doctoral thesis, see
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1109:The Disputation of the Ramban, Torah613 (Hebrew)
1035:(Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1979)
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1049:(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1982).
499:. The most prominent on the Catholic side were
685:. The plot features a disputation between the
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209:to issue a bill ordering the burning of the
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1114:Jewish Encyclopedia article on Disputations
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707:in 1263. Adapted for television in 1986 by
365:became involved in a literary contest with
277:with Cardinal Don Pedro de Luna, afterward
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138:c. 1208. This 15th-century painting by
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940:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
893:, Calder Publications Ltd, Paperback.
301:Emergence of Protestantism (1518–1550)
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227:Samuel ben Solomon of Château-Thierry
117:Debate between the hoe and the plough
1131:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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318:by demanding a disputation upon his
275:Shem-Tob ben Isaac Shaprut of Tudela
198:(St. Louis) between a member of the
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811:Great Moments in Jewish History
424:. Luther gained the support of
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247:(a convert from Judaism) and
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1955:Religion in the Middle Ages
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862:Leppin & Wengert 2015
703:. A play dramatizing the
626:Colloquy at Poissy (1561)
441:Diet of Regensburg (1541)
91:Mesopotamian disputations
1089:Talmage, Frank E., ed.,
1084:Jewish Religious Polemic
1082:Rankin, Oliver S., ed.,
919:; retrieved 22 June 2017
705:Disputation of Barcelona
447:Conference of Regensburg
288:in Spain, staged by the
234:Disputation of Barcelona
155:Inter-faith disputations
21:Christ among the Doctors
1401:Theological voluntarism
1072:(New York: Ktav, 1977).
1047:The Friars and the Jews
873:This main section from
507:, and Eck. Present was
1917:Catholicism portal
1093:(New York: Ktav, 1975)
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583:Joachim of Brandenburg
332:Heidelberg Disputation
316:Protestant Reformation
307:Protestant Reformation
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1759:Ontological argument
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682:The Name of the Rose
530:. The pope sent the
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192:Disputation of Paris
1704:Divine illumination
1360:Augustinian realism
1228:Theological virtues
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938:Akbar and His India
849:Jewish Encyclopedia
832:Jewish Encyclopedia
581:, was presented by
511:, then exiled from
457:Augsburg Confession
422:theological censure
418:University of Paris
63:, disputations (in
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1826:Trademark argument
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1068:Lasker, Daniel J.
979:Lutheran Quarterly
970:Ninety-Five Theses
632:Colloquy at Poissy
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599:Transubstantiation
559:Cardinal Contarini
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267:John of Valladolid
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1867:Neoplatonism
1789:Ressentiment
1784:Quinque viae
1749:Memento mori
1709:Double truth
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1654:Actus primus
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1327:Cartesianism
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994:. Retrieved
987:the original
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934:Habib, Irfan
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652:adding to it
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548:original sin
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25:Dissertation
1887:Rationalism
1882:Renaissance
1814:Augustinian
1699:Disputation
1694:Differentia
1659:Actus purus
1563:Malebranche
1478:Bonaventure
1213:Personalism
1208:Natural law
1203:Probabilism
852:, 1906 ed.)
711:, starring
687:Franciscans
677:Umberto Eco
528:Peter Faber
509:John Calvin
426:Melanchthon
395:indulgences
314:opened the
256:Nachmanides
178:debate and
172:theological
168:theologians
148:Albigensian
85:authorities
61:Middle Ages
46:Disputation
1944:Categories
1892:Empiricism
1714:Evil demon
1488:Chesterton
1365:Nominalism
1352:Universals
1193:Just price
996:2021-03-16
760:References
721:Alan Dobie
691:Dominicans
671:In fiction
555:Regensburg
407:good works
363:Johann Eck
338:Heidelberg
294:censorship
284:1413: the
232:1263: the
190:1240: the
73:disputatio
57:scholastic
1857:Platonism
1831:Univocity
1729:Haecceity
1608:Ratzinger
1573:Montaigne
1553:MacIntyre
1508:Dionysius
1503:Descartes
1463:Augustine
1317:Salamanca
734:Dialectic
709:Channel 4
575:Pistorius
544:Eucharist
524:Granvelle
465:Ferdinand
403:free will
391:purgatory
320:95 theses
161:Christian
1819:Irenaean
1809:Theodicy
1779:Quiddity
1642:Concepts
1568:Maritain
1538:Krasicki
1528:Gassendi
1518:Eriugena
1473:Boethius
1448:Anscombe
1438:Albertus
1332:Molinism
1299:Occamism
1271:Medieval
1198:Just war
961:. Brill.
936:(1997).
889:(2001),
821:. p. 168
728:See also
717:Bob Peck
689:and the
679:(1980),
591:Veltwick
563:LĂĽneburg
483:nor the
146:and his
120:and the
107:Sumerian
81:sciences
77:theology
1845:Related
1633:Wojtyła
1613:Scheler
1558:Maistre
1548:Lombard
1533:Isidore
1513:Erasmus
1493:Clement
1458:Aquinas
1428:Abelard
1294:Scotism
1289:Thomism
1263:Schools
927:Sources
749:Polemic
571:Gropper
477:Hagenau
434:Zwingli
399:penance
371:Leipzig
101:In the
79:and in
55:In the
1836:Utopia
1628:Suárez
1618:Scotus
1603:Rahner
1593:Pascal
1583:Newman
1523:Ficino
1453:Anselm
1443:Alcuin
1309:Modern
1175:Ethics
1014:
944:
897:
817:
569:, and
513:Geneva
495:, and
473:Speyer
225:, and
211:Talmud
184:heresy
165:Jewish
1664:Aevum
1623:Stein
1588:Occam
1543:Llull
1468:Bacon
1433:Adler
1389:Other
990:(PDF)
975:(PDF)
567:Pflug
517:Worms
249:Rabbi
242:friar
65:Latin
1598:Pico
1578:More
1498:Cusa
1012:ISBN
942:ISBN
917:IMDb
895:ISBN
815:ISBN
719:and
405:and
269:and
174:and
163:and
915:at
654:.
381:by
1946::
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