410:
287:
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131:
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36:
378:. Subsequently, a series of photographs were taken of those who had been present, and the 5-foot x 11-foot 4 inches (1.53 m x 3.45 m) painting was eventually completed in 1866. The partnership that developed between Hill and Adamson pioneered the art of photography in Scotland. The painting predominantly features the ministers involved in the Disruption but Hill also included many other men – and some women – who were involved in the establishment of the Free Church. The painting depicts 457 people of the 1500 or so who were present at the assembly on 23 May 1843.
22:
168:
1705:
142:, in which the patron of a parish had the right to install a minister of his choice, became a point of contention. Many church members believed that this right infringed on the spiritual independence of the church. Others felt that this right was a property of the state. As early as 1712 the right of patronage had been restored in Scotland, amid remonstrances from the church. For many years afterwards, the church's
236:
1163:
1071:
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354:, with Chalmers appointed as its first principal. It was founded as an institution to educate future ministers and the Scottish leadership, who would in turn guide the moral and religious lives of the Scottish people. New College opened its doors to 168 students in November 1843, including about 100 students who had begun their theological studies before the Disruption.
183:, which gave parishioners the right to reject a minister nominated by their patron. The Veto Act was to prevent the intrusion of ministers on unwilling parishioners, and to restore the importance of the congregational "call". However, it served to polarise positions in the church, and set it on a collision course with the government.
346:
Splitting the church had major implications. Those who left forfeited livings, manses and pulpits, and had, without the aid of the establishment, to found and finance a national church from scratch. This was done with remarkable energy, zeal and sacrifice. Another implication was that the church they
334:
Perhaps a third of the evangelicals, the "middle party", remained within the established church – wishing to preserve its unity. However, for those who left, the issue was clear. It was not the democratising of the church (although concern with power for ordinary people was a movement sweeping
335:
Europe at the time), but whether the Church was sovereign within its own domain. The body of the church reflecting Jesus Christ, not the monarch nor
Parliament, was to be its head. The Disruption was basically a spiritual phenomenon – and for its proponents it stood in a direct line with the
330:
In leaving the established church, however, they did not reject the principle of establishment. As
Chalmers declared: "Though we quit the Establishment, we go out on the Establishment principle; we quit a vitiated Establishment but would rejoice in returning to a pure one. We are advocates for a
95:. The main conflict was over whether the Church of Scotland or the British Government had the power to control clerical positions and benefits. The Disruption came at the end of a bitter conflict within the Church of Scotland, and had major effects in the church and upon Scottish civic life.
389:
278:. However, the claim resolved that the church give up these endowments rather than see the 'Crown Rights of the Redeemer' (i.e. the spiritual independence of the church) compromised. This claim was rejected by parliament in January 1843, leading to the Disruption in May.
357:
Most of the principles on which the protestors went out were conceded by
Parliament by 1929, clearing the way for the re-union of that year, but the Church of Scotland never fully regained its position after the division.
326:
was appointed the first
Moderator. On 23 May, a second meeting was held for the signing of the Act of Separation by the ministers. Eventually, 474 of about 1,200 ministers left the Church of Scotland for the Free Church.
223:. As Burleigh puts it: "The notion of the Church as an independent community governed by its own officers and capable of entering into a compact with the state was repudiated" (p. 342). An appeal to the
262:
for proceeding with an induction in
Marnoch in defiance of its orders. In 1841, the seven Strathbogie ministers were deposed for acknowledging the superiority of the secular court in spiritual matters.
1128:
Memorials of Robert Smith
Candlish, D.D. : minister of St. George's Free Church, and principal of the New College, Edinburgh with a chapter on his position as a theologian by Robert Rainy
495:
425:
115:, the Church of Scotland had always claimed an inherent right to exercise independent spiritual jurisdiction over its own affairs. To some extent, this right was recognised by the
409:
1156:
Sketch of the
Disruption Day from Disruption worthies : a memorial of 1843, with an historical sketch of the free church of Scotland from 1843 down to the present time
1498:
1174:
1058:
1766:
1741:
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A minister and his family leaving their Church of
Scotland manse during the Disruption (engraving J. M. Corner) based on Quitting The Manse (oil painting
311:
1142:
208:, and had infringed the statutory rights of patrons. It also ruled Church of Scotland was a creation of the state and derived its legitimacy from
571:
1085:
The
Scottish Secession of 1843 : being an examination of the principles, and narrative of the contest, which led to that remarkable event
452:(1870). David Octavius Hill's use of photography to record the ministers who participated in the schism of 1843 features in Ali Bacon's novel
1806:
751:
Brown, Stewart J. (1996). "The
Disruption and the Dream: The Making of New College 1843–1861". In Wright, David F.; Badcock, Gary D. (eds.).
374:
who suggested using the new invention, photography, to get likenesses of all the ministers present, and introduced Hill to the photographer
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was present at the Disruption Assembly and decided to record the scene. He received encouragement from another spectator, the physicist
1955:
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239:
64:
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180:
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Annals of the disruption with extracts from the narratives of ministers who left the Scottish establishment in 1843 by Thomas Brown
171:
Parishioners walk out of church in protest at the unpopular appointment of a minister in the parish of Marnoch, Strathbogie in 1841
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An answer to the dean of faculty's [J. Hope's] Letter to the lord chancellor on the claims of the Church of Scotland
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for proceeding with an ordination despite a court interdict. In 1839, the General Assembly suspended seven ministers from
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party attained a majority in the General Assembly for the first time in 100 years. One of their actions was to pass the
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over the endowments that the government gave to the Scottish church. This "The Claim of Right" was drawn up by
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1980:
1929:
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318:. After Welsh read a Protest, the group left St. Andrews and walked down the hill to the Tanfield Hall at
143:
1985:
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147:
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202:. In 1838, by an 8–5 majority, the court held that in passing the Veto Act, the church had acted
1425:
994:
829:
1878:
1611:
1440:
1175:"ACT XIX. 1842 – Claim, Declaration and Protest, Anent the Encroachments of the Court of Session"
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116:
651:
645:
1639:
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1399:
1339:
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416:
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1796:
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322:. There they held the first meeting of the Free Church of Scotland, the Disruption Assembly.
259:
68:
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The ten years' conflict : being the history of the disruption of the Church of Scotland
958:
The ten years' conflict : being the history of the disruption of the Church of Scotland
35:
1903:
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There was also the issue of needing to train its clergy, resulting in the establishment of
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unanimously rejected the patron's nominee – and the Presbytery refused to proceed with his
8:
1832:
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367:
220:
29:
1837:
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88:
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The dying man's testament to the Church of Scotland, or, A treatise concerning scandal
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60:
40:
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21:
1064:
The Free Church of Scotland : her ancestry, her claims, and her conflicts
434:
took photographic portraits of all the clergymen who had been at the assembly.
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Claim, Declaration and Protest Anent the Encroachments of the Court of Session
1949:
1934:
1601:
1384:
1167:
1075:
1022:
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interference in the order and worship of the church. It was ratified by the
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902:
307:
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204:
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48:
1114:
Sermons by the Late Reverend David Welsh D.D. With a Memoir by A. Dunlop
103:"The Church of Scotland was recognised by Acts of the Parliament as the
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1224:
319:
195:
1103:
975:. Vol. 2. Glasgow; Edinburgh; London; New York: Blackie and Son.
961:. Vol. 1. Glasgow; Edinburgh; London; New York: Blackie and Son.
908:
The Free Church of Scotland : her origin, founders and testimony
400:
315:
291:
108:
44:
1883:
254:
In a second case, the Court of Session summoned the Presbytery of
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1166:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1074:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1021:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
622:
The Disruption: a century and a half of historical interpretation
444:
The social tensions underlying the Disruption are the subject of
255:
331:
national recognition of religion – and we are not voluntaries."
235:
150:
in the church blocked reform out of fear of conflict with the
576:(5th ed.). Edinburgh: William P. Nimmo. pp. 472–479
347:
left was more tolerant of a wider range of doctrinal views.
1123:
Wilson, William, minister of St. Paul's Free Church, Dundee
1032:
The statements in the claim of right : are they true?
198:
and induction. The nominee, Robert Young, appealed to the
1096:
Chapters from the History of the Free Church of Scotland
1749:
1177:. Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland. Archived from
266:
The evangelical party later presented to parliament a
157:
944:
Ten Years of the Church of Scotland from 1833 to 1843
933:
Ten Years of the Church of Scotland from 1833 to 1843
782:. Edinburgh: Macniven & Wallace. pp. 132–143
753:
Disruption to Diversity: Edinburgh Divinity 1846–1996
559:. Edinburgh: Macniven & Wallace. pp. 91–128.
146:
tried to reform this practice. However the dominant
509:
1000:
Memoirs of the life and writings of Thomas Chalmers
625:. Scottish Church History Society. pp. 119–153
306:On 18 May 1843, 121 ministers and 73 elders led by
1206:Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology
684:
588:
1947:
1003:. Vol. 4. Edinburgh: Pub. for T. Constable.
600:
556:The doctrine of the church in Scottish theology
528:Durham, James; Blair, Robert (preface) (1659).
270:. The claim recognised the jurisdiction of the
1099:. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier.
1735:
1240:
1046:Scotland's battles for spiritual independence
553:Macpherson, John (1903). McCrie, C.G. (ed.).
439:
186:The first test of the Veto Act came with the
1141:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
755:. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. pp. 29–50.
107:of the Scottish people". Particularly under
1109:Colquhoun-Stirling-Murray-Dunlop, Alexander
618:
527:
361:
1742:
1728:
1247:
1233:
1159:. Edinburgh: T. C. Jack. pp. 131–136.
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1039:
830:"Free High Church and Free Church College"
821:
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219:ruling contradicted the Scottish church's
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1509:Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland
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1007:
718:
702:
674:
297:
285:
234:
166:
129:
39:Disruption brooch showing the graves of
34:
20:
1630:Action of Churches Together in Scotland
1049:. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp.
415:New College, on the Mound, designed by
1948:
1899:Highland and Island Emigration Society
1645:Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office
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1489:Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland
1484:Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)
947:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Blackwood.
936:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Blackwood.
925:. Edinburgh: Macniven & Wallace.
230:
83:, was a schism in 1843 in which 450
16:Schism within the Church of Scotland
1587:Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)
13:
1976:19th-century Reformed Christianity
1752:Scotland in the nineteenth century
1194:
800:
14:
1997:
1956:History of the Church of Scotland
1504:Methodist Church of Great Britain
1494:International Presbyterian Church
1011:Treasury of the Scottish covenant
834:Dictionary of Scottish Architects
828:Goold, David (1 September 2022).
281:
250:. Dunlop wrote a memoir of Welsh.
1703:
1459:Associated Presbyterian Churches
1161:
1069:
1016:
424:
408:
388:
1088:. Edinburgh: Paton and Ritchie.
1067:. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.
911:. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.
871:
847:
794:
769:
744:
619:Withrington, Donald J. (1993).
534:. London: Company of Stationers
119:of 1689, which ended royal and
1863:Visit of George IV to Scotland
1529:United Free Church of Scotland
807:National Galleries of Scotland
637:
612:
563:
546:
521:
488:
471:Religion in the United Kingdom
87:ministers broke away from the
1:
1930:History of the United Kingdom
1131:. Edinburgh: A. and C. Black.
476:
134:Disruption Brooch. Back side.
1219:A Church History of Scotland
989:. Edinburgh: John Johnstone.
481:
190:case of 1834. The parish of
7:
1961:Presbyterianism in Scotland
1221:Edinburgh: Hope Trust 1988.
1117:. Edinburgh: W. P. Kennedy.
1035:. Glasgow: James Maclehose.
1014:. Edinburgh: Andrew Elliot.
853:Alexander, William (1995),
459:
162:
10:
2002:
1607:United Presbyterian Church
1350:Solemn League and Covenant
1093:Walker, Norman L. (1895).
1082:Turner, Alexander (1859).
1029:MacGeorge, Andrew (1875).
1008:Johnston, John C. (1887).
895:
440:In literature and the arts
381:
302:The 1843 deed of demission
1922:
1871:
1825:
1759:
1699:
1653:
1620:
1597:Original Secession Church
1577:Catholic Apostolic Church
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1524:Scottish Episcopal Church
1474:Congregational Federation
1464:Baptist Union of Scotland
1449:
1408:
1315:
1264:
855:Johnny Gibb of Gushetneuk
450:Johnny Gibb of Gushetneuk
294:, scene of the Disruption
158:The "Ten Years' Conflict"
1390:Great Disruption of 1843
981:Dunlop, Alexander Murray
779:Annals of the disruption
362:Photographic portraiture
1966:Schisms in Christianity
1858:Great Disruption (1843)
1612:United Secession Church
1479:Free Church of Scotland
647:Scotland: A New History
644:Lynch, Michael (1992).
276:Alexander Murray Dunlop
138:On the other hand, the
93:Free Church of Scotland
26:The Disruption Assembly
1640:Scottish Bible Society
1534:United Reformed Church
1400:Tell Scotland Movement
1355:Westminster Confession
1340:Five Articles of Perth
1335:Reformation Parliament
941:Bryce, James (1850b).
930:Bryce, James (1850a).
879:In the Blink of an Eye
776:Brown, Thomas (1893).
573:The Headship of Christ
454:In the Blink of an Eye
417:William Henry Playfair
303:
295:
251:
172:
135:
72:
32:
1853:Catholic emancipation
1557:Anti-Burgher movement
1514:Roman Catholic Church
1395:Catholic emancipation
1059:M'Crie, Charles Greig
1041:Macpherson, Hector C.
570:Miller, Hugh (1871).
301:
289:
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170:
133:
38:
24:
1981:1843 in Christianity
1904:Highland Land League
1654:Non-Christian faiths
1562:Associate Presbytery
1257:Religion in Scotland
803:"Quitting the Manse"
419:and built 1845–1850.
290:St Andrew's Church,
79:, also known as the
1843:Evangelical revival
1833:Highland Clearances
1710:Scotland portal
1416:Evangelical revival
1365:Glorious Revolution
1151:Wylie, James Aitken
877:Bacon, Ali (2018),
650:. Pimlico. p.
496:"Disruption Brooch"
466:History of Scotland
368:David Octavius Hill
312:Church of St Andrew
221:Confession of Faith
99:The patronage issue
71:are also mentioned.
57:Alexander Henderson
30:David Octavius Hill
1986:Church of Scotland
1838:Lowland Clearances
1552:Old and New Lights
1543:Historic Christian
1469:Church of Scotland
1375:Patronage Act 1711
1370:Marrow Controversy
1216:Burleigh, J. H. S.
857:, Tuckwell Press,
432:Hill & Adamson
372:Sir David Brewster
341:National Covenants
314:in George Street,
304:
296:
252:
248:Hill & Adamson
173:
152:British Government
140:right of patronage
136:
89:Church of Scotland
77:Disruption of 1843
73:
33:
1943:
1942:
1717:
1716:
1686:Paganism (modern)
1582:Evangelical Union
1499:Latter-day Saints
1345:National Covenant
446:William Alexander
231:Further conflicts
210:act of Parliament
1993:
1971:1843 in Scotland
1923:Related articles
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1661:Bahá'í Faith
1441:Sectarianism
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1329:Cum universi
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1307:Contemporary
1302:19th century
1297:18th century
1292:17th century
1218:
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1200:Cameron, N.
1183:. Retrieved
1179:the original
1155:
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1105:Welsh, David
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490:
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366:The painter
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125:Act of Union
102:
91:to form the
80:
76:
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1879:Romanticism
1848:Radical War
1287:Reformation
1277:Prehistoric
839:1 September
677:, pp.
595:Walker 1895
352:New College
337:Reformation
310:met at the
308:David Welsh
260:Strathbogie
244:David Welsh
205:ultra vires
177:evangelical
85:evangelical
49:David Welsh
1950:Categories
1807:Literature
1777:Demography
1572:Buchanites
737:, p.
735:Wylie 1881
721:, p.
705:, p.
691:Claim 1842
607:Bayne 1893
477:References
448:'s novel,
320:Canonmills
196:ordination
111:and later
1872:Movements
1787:Education
1623:ecumenism
1621:Christian
1137:cite book
969:(1854b).
955:(1854a).
629:25 August
482:Citations
401:Tullibody
397:G. Harvey
316:Edinburgh
292:Edinburgh
240:Mr Dunlop
127:in 1707.
109:John Knox
45:John Knox
1884:Tartanry
1817:Religion
1797:Language
1792:Identity
1671:Hinduism
1666:Buddhism
1592:Glasites
1421:Missions
1282:Medieval
1272:Overview
1125:(1880).
1111:(1846).
1061:(1893).
1043:(1905).
997:(1849).
983:(1839).
919:(1893).
905:(1893).
538:22 April
460:See also
456:(2018).
403:Old Kirk
339:and the
181:Veto Act
163:Veto Act
69:Candlish
61:Chalmers
1782:Economy
1691:Sikhism
1681:Judaism
1567:Bereans
1212:, 1993.
1204:(eds.)
1185:21 July
896:Sources
382:Gallery
256:Dunkeld
1826:Events
1760:Topics
1436:Saints
1409:Topics
1316:Events
1202:et al.
885:
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786:8 July
759:
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501:1 June
65:Dunlop
55:, and
1812:Music
1676:Islam
1426:Music
1053:–222.
681:–209.
580:1 May
1265:Eras
1187:2008
1143:link
883:ISBN
863:ISBN
841:2022
815:2017
788:2017
757:ISBN
739:cxii
656:ISBN
631:2018
582:2017
540:2017
503:2019
242:and
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67:and
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1772:Art
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