1074:
1046:
1030:
1062:
674:
34:
1011:
999:
5130:
893:
597:
797:
1442:
200:
1029:
33:
1045:
1073:
908:. Djer's tomb is tomb O of Petrie. His tomb contains the remains of 318 retainers who were buried with him. At some point, Djer's tomb was devastated by fire, possibly as early as the
998:
920:, and the entire First Dynasty burial complex, which includes the tomb of Djer, was very important in the Egyptian religious tradition. An image of Osiris on a funerary
5057:
1010:
4971:
1403:
B. Porter and R.L.B. Moss. Topographical
Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings, V. Upper Egypt: Sites. Oxford, 1937
5354:
647:
Although the
Egyptian priest Manetho, writing in the third century BC, stated that Djer ruled for 57 years, modern research by Toby Wilkinson in
968:
In the subsidiary tombs, excavators found objects including stelae representing several individuals, ivory objects inscribed with the name of
5050:
554:
4986:
4981:
1194:
Toby
Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt: The Palermo Stone and Its Associated Fragments, (Kegan Paul International), 2000. p.79
341:
327:
290:
281:
247:
235:
5043:
4961:
4956:
801:
423:
1431:
Toby
Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt: The Palermo Stone and Its Associated Fragments, (Kegan Paul International), 2000.
333:
330:
284:
244:
238:
177:
4966:
883:, known from a label in Saqqara and several stone vessels (reading of name uncertain; name consists of three fish hieroglyphs).
358:
421:
4946:
1294:
1176:
Salima Ikram and Aidan Dodson, The Mummy in
Ancient Egypt: Equipping the Dead for Eternity, Thames & Hudson, 1998, p. 109
396:
338:
336:
293:
287:
241:
147:
1309:
1061:
659:
II of the
Palermo Stone, while the middle years of this pharaoh's reign are recorded in register II of Cairo stone fragment
110:
4976:
4951:
1090:
655:
ascribes Djer a reign of "41 complete and partial years." Wilkinson notes that years 1–10 of Djer's reign are preserved in
4941:
2721:
2509:
4930:
3691:
3407:
2275:
1535:
1509:
1127:
791:
639:
in the
Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999) translates the hieroglyphs of the name Djer as "Defender of Horus."
677:
Djer's queen's bracelet is the only surviving royal jewellry of the early dynasty period of Egypt. It bears his royal
5349:
5344:
1425:
1152:
4996:
4183:
101:
4233:
3960:
3816:
1243:
4529:
4319:
4251:
4116:
3983:
3893:
3706:
1824:
4101:
4038:
3321:
4462:
3571:
3483:
2968:
2745:
2736:
925:
4291:
3624:
3361:
3188:
3120:
1702:
4812:
2583:
1167:
W. M. Flinders Petrie: The Royal Tombs of the
Earliest Dynasties, 1901, Part II, London 1901, p.16-17
580:
and reigned for c. 40 years. A mummified forearm of Djer or his wife was discovered by
Egyptologist
2657:
2428:
2290:
1035:
Ceremonial flint knife with the Horus name of Djer inscribed on its gold handle, on display at the
746:, hindering complete translation, but a label at Saqqarah may depict the First Dynasty practice of
4497:
4412:
4389:
2706:
2568:
2505:
2294:
2094:
1910:
913:
909:
1004:
Small ivory label of Djer mentioning the name of a fortress or domain of the king "Hor-Djer-ib".
636:
5066:
5001:
4991:
4539:
4518:
4437:
3351:
3211:
2821:
2455:
2415:
2209:
2151:
2035:
1839:
1502:
569:
1298:
5011:
4487:
4452:
4432:
4422:
4384:
2984:
2888:
2242:
1446:
1212:
5282:
5006:
4512:
4467:
3840:
3468:
3403:
3256:
3251:
2958:
2953:
2806:
2232:
2020:
1899:
1052:
1036:
656:
8:
4502:
4477:
4442:
4379:
3754:
3729:
2933:
2928:
2352:
1783:
59:
1388:
Encyclopedia of the
Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth DYnasty 3300-1069 BC
4792:
4779:
4356:
3366:
2938:
2913:
1980:
1755:
778:
claimed that Athothes, who is sometimes identified as Djer, had written a treatise on
4847:
4826:
4720:
4687:
4399:
3734:
3356:
3236:
2858:
2786:
2444:
2247:
2237:
2169:
1495:
1421:
1290:
1148:
1123:
844:
or attested in Saqqara. These women are thought to be the wives of Djer and include:
713:
673:
766:. One of his regnal years on the Cairo Stone was named "Year of smiting the land of
5359:
5292:
5026:
4853:
4681:
4447:
4201:
3784:
3081:
2977:
2918:
2342:
2322:
1095:
612:
604:
212:
585:
5272:
5223:
5035:
4798:
4768:
4727:
4663:
4407:
4337:
4207:
3546:
3201:
2923:
2317:
1955:
1923:
1762:
901:
747:
697:
620:
581:
577:
526:
258:
2504:
5277:
4894:
4692:
4653:
4371:
4327:
4196:
3280:
3206:
3036:
2908:
2868:
2616:
2468:
2433:
2423:
2357:
2312:
2194:
2189:
1769:
1748:
1714:
1021:
976:
721:
UC 16182 ivory tablet from Abydos, subsidiary tomb 612 of the enclosure of Djer
5339:
5333:
5302:
5298:
5104:
4573:
4472:
4304:
4274:
3950:
3805:
3662:
3531:
3371:
3346:
3296:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2883:
2690:
2621:
2611:
2473:
2227:
1975:
1918:
1871:
1708:
1667:
1115:
944:
905:
868:
852:
841:
829:
751:
652:
573:
304:
38:
Cylinder seal impression depicting Djer before canine standards wearing the
5287:
4658:
4492:
4482:
4457:
4309:
4259:
4218:
3944:
3856:
3744:
3657:
3637:
3556:
3521:
3516:
3402:
3341:
3051:
2873:
2863:
2826:
2781:
2695:
2685:
2675:
2591:
2307:
2184:
1993:
1934:
1794:
1741:
1646:
940:
384:
135:
4762:
4707:
4558:
4507:
4427:
4299:
4191:
4173:
4131:
4042:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3877:
3861:
3834:
3799:
3789:
3724:
3677:
3667:
3652:
3642:
3589:
3551:
3526:
3506:
3496:
3262:
3246:
3221:
3216:
3016:
2943:
2853:
2836:
2791:
2766:
2700:
2680:
2665:
2647:
2377:
2372:
2179:
2006:
1986:
1800:
1734:
1725:
1609:
929:
743:
871:
next to the king. She was said to be a wife of Den in Dodson and Hilton.
5202:
5180:
5144:
4879:
4833:
4786:
4741:
4713:
4534:
4417:
4342:
4269:
4158:
3973:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3883:
3871:
3851:
3824:
3794:
3774:
3719:
3672:
3647:
3579:
3541:
3511:
3501:
3241:
3041:
3031:
2801:
2796:
2761:
2670:
2642:
2463:
2367:
2362:
2347:
2332:
2140:
2134:
2048:
1776:
1594:
1531:
1457:
969:
958:
951:
892:
864:
848:
763:
728:
686:
514:
467:
596:
5114:
4819:
4734:
4697:
4623:
4617:
4544:
4524:
4241:
4223:
4168:
4148:
4011:
3846:
3829:
3779:
3632:
3599:
3594:
3536:
3335:
3156:
3109:
3061:
3021:
2998:
2771:
2637:
2606:
2260:
2174:
2000:
1881:
1618:
1341:
Dodson and Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004
1051:
Close-up view of Djer's serekh on the ceremonial flint knife of the
5254:
5197:
5186:
5170:
5149:
4889:
4884:
4873:
4840:
4755:
4748:
4702:
4674:
4668:
4633:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4213:
4153:
3996:
3968:
3561:
3491:
3303:
3289:
3269:
3231:
3143:
3088:
3046:
2878:
2848:
2811:
2756:
2601:
2478:
2383:
2327:
2222:
2129:
2123:
2112:
2078:
1962:
1948:
1941:
1928:
1892:
1632:
980:
858:
821:
813:
510:
485:
471:
1185:
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 38-39, 3:H
796:
5238:
5207:
5175:
5165:
5119:
5109:
5089:
4866:
4805:
4648:
4332:
4143:
4137:
4125:
4006:
4001:
3938:
3917:
3762:
3714:
3614:
3604:
3329:
3226:
3196:
3178:
3167:
3150:
3102:
3095:
3026:
2948:
2596:
2404:
2390:
2302:
2253:
2159:
2102:
2053:
1886:
1876:
1856:
1789:
1639:
1518:
1466:
984:
874:
809:
779:
775:
727:
Inscription of his name (of questioned authenticity, however) at
704:
651:
stresses that the near-contemporary and therefore, more accurate
628:
565:
500:
475:
78:
52:
43:
1530:
1327:
W. Grajetzki: Ancient Egyptian Queens: a hieroglyphic dictionary
5318:
5228:
5084:
4773:
4643:
4280:
4163:
3768:
3739:
3609:
3584:
3376:
3310:
3136:
3129:
3056:
3011:
3005:
2831:
2751:
2337:
2164:
2117:
2071:
2043:
1969:
1847:
1806:
1688:
1653:
1625:
1441:
1017:
917:
877:, her name and title were found on an ivory label from Saqqara.
817:
768:
678:
39:
5233:
5192:
5080:
4859:
4638:
4628:
4606:
4264:
3173:
3161:
3074:
2991:
2842:
2776:
2438:
2107:
2065:
2059:
1851:
1810:
1681:
1674:
1660:
832:. Women carrying titles later associated with queens such as
782:
that still existed in his own day, over two millennia later.
739:
732:
82:
1390:. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 93.
5099:
4611:
4601:
3991:
3866:
3067:
2397:
2217:
2199:
2084:
1866:
1695:
1487:
1479:
935:
Several objects were found in and around the tomb of Djer:
921:
825:
759:
755:
489:
407:
160:
92:
2816:
840:
were buried in subsidiary tombs near the tomb of Djer in
4037:
964:
Bracelets of a Queen were found in the wall of the tomb.
957:
Fragments of two vases inscribed with the name of Queen
950:
Labels mentioning the name of a palace and the name of
1310:"Manetho, with an English translation by W.G. Waddell"
709:
Inscriptions in graves 3503, 3506 and 3035 in Saqqara
685:
Djer's reign was preceded by a regency controlled by
1365:
Die Königsgräber der 1. & 2. Dynastie in Abydos.
975:
Manetho indicates that the First Dynasty ruled from
900:
Similarly to his father Hor-Aha, Djer was buried in
772:", which often is speculated to be Sinai or beyond.
5065:
5331:
1276:tomb 461 in Abydos, Petrie 1925: pl. III.1, IV.8
1352:The Royal Tombs of the Earliest Dynasties, 1901
1203:Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt, p.258
576:in current Egyptology. He lived around the mid
1381:
1379:
1377:
916:, the tomb of Djer was revered as the tomb of
5051:
1503:
1399:
1397:
861:, possibly a wife of Djer. Buried in Saqqara.
1323:
1321:
1319:
983:, one of Djer's wives, was buried nearby at
1374:
1020:of Djer found in Abydos, on display at the
692:The evidence for Djer's life and reign is:
5058:
5044:
1510:
1496:
1394:
1122:. Cambridge University Press. p. 70.
724:UC 16172 copper adze with the name of Djer
32:
1316:
703:Seal prints from graves 2185 and 3471 in
4920:
924:was placed in the tomb, possibly by the
891:
795:
672:
595:
1114:
802:National Archaeological Museum (France)
800:Stone vase bearing the serekh of Djer,
157:
5355:Pharaohs of the First Dynasty of Egypt
5332:
4067:
3432:
2534:
1560:
1142:
742:and wood, are in a very early form of
712:Seal impression and inscriptions from
689:, possibly his mother or grandmother.
5039:
4919:
4036:
3401:
2503:
1529:
1491:
1385:
1354:, Part II, London 1901, pl. XXVII, 96
1337:
1335:
1333:
1224:Saad 1947: 165; Saad 1969: 82, pl. 94
623:lists a damaged name, beginning with
4572:
1091:Ancient Egyptian retainer sacrifices
1079:Label from Tomb of King Djer, Abydos
1067:Label from Tomb of King Djer, Abydos
718:Jar from Turah with the name of Djer
1420:, Routledge, London/New York 1999,
13:
1330:
1289:Routledge; 1 edition (4 Dec 1997)
792:First Dynasty of Egypt family tree
642:
14:
5371:
1435:
5128:
1440:
1147:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 528.
1072:
1060:
1044:
1028:
1009:
997:
603:, cartouche name of Djer in the
375:He who belongs to the Golden One
198:
1410:
1357:
1344:
1302:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1236:
1227:
1120:Ancient Egypt: A Social History
816:. His grandfather was probably
5067:First Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
1218:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1136:
1108:
834:Great One of the Hetes-Sceptre
808:Djer was a son of the pharaoh
16:First-dynasty pharaoh of Egypt
1:
4530:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
1471:
1101:
972:, and various ivory tablets.
649:Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt
559:
365:
117:
65:
1517:
1267:Petrie 1925: pl. II.8; XII.1
939:A stela of Djer, now in the
851:(or Nekhetneith), buried in
46:crowns and holding the flail
7:
4463:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
1084:
754:mentions that Djer visited
615:lists the third pharaoh as
10:
5376:
3362:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
2746:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
2510:Second Intermediate Period
1386:Baker, Darrell D. (2008).
1145:A History of Ancient Egypt
990:
838:She who Sees/Carries Horus
789:
564:) is considered the third
433:
413:
410:
388:
319:
273:
227:
189:
168:
163:
139:
5311:
5263:
5247:
5216:
5158:
5137:
5126:
5073:
5024:
4926:
4915:
4813:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
4557:
4503:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
4398:
4370:
4355:
4318:
4290:
4250:
4232:
4182:
4115:
4100:
4058:
4054:
4032:
3982:
3959:
3892:
3815:
3753:
3705:
3690:
3623:
3570:
3482:
3467:
3423:
3419:
3408:Third Intermediate Period
3397:
3320:
3279:
3187:
3119:
2967:
2735:
2720:
2656:
2630:
2582:
2567:
2525:
2521:
2499:
2454:
2414:
2289:
2274:
2208:
2150:
2093:
2034:
2019:
1909:
1838:
1823:
1724:
1608:
1593:
1551:
1547:
1536:First Intermediate Period
1525:
1476:
1464:
1454:
1016:Seal impression with the
785:
536:middle of the 1st Dynasty
532:
521:
506:
496:
481:
463:
412:
364:
357:
167:
116:
109:
98:
88:
74:
58:
51:
31:
26:
21:
5350:30th-century BC pharaohs
5345:31st-century BC pharaohs
4525:Cleopatra VII Philopator
2782:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
1540: (<3150–2040 BC)
1143:Grimal, Nicolas (1994).
668:
4498:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
4413:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
2707:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
1350:W. M. Flinders Petrie:
1233:Kaiser 1964: 103, fig.3
1215:page from digitalegypt.
887:
855:and known from a stela.
750:. An ivory tablet from
591:
584:, but was discarded by
4540:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
4519:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
4513:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
4468:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
4438:Arsinoe III Philopator
3352:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
2822:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
2762:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
2353:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
1416:Toby A. H. Wilkinson,
943:, probably comes from
897:
805:
682:
608:
4488:Ptolemy X Alexander I
4453:Ptolemy VI Philometor
4433:Ptolemy IV Philopator
4428:Berenice II Euergetes
4423:Ptolemy III Euergetes
4385:Philip III Arrhidaeus
2894:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
2889:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
2243:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
1449:at Wikimedia Commons
1287:The Power of the Bull
895:
799:
738:The inscriptions, on
676:
599:
5283:Den seal impressions
4921:Dynastic genealogies
4545:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
3841:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
3755:High Priests of Amun
3257:Merankhre Mentuhotep
2959:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
2954:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
2807:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
2514: (2040–1550 BC)
2233:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
1418:Early Dynastic Egypt
1053:Royal Ontario Museum
1037:Royal Ontario Museum
637:JĂĽrgen von Beckerath
4443:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
4380:Alexander the Great
3412: (1550–664 BC)
2934:Mershepsesre Ini II
2929:Merkawre Sobekhotep
2323:Neferkare IV Khendu
128:Defender (of Horus)
4780:Trebonianus Gallus
3367:Senakhtenre Ahmose
2985:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
2939:Sewahenre Senebmiu
2914:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
2343:Neferkare V Tereru
2313:Neferkare III Neby
1981:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
926:Thirteenth dynasty
898:
896:Tomb stela of Djer
806:
683:
609:
316:The ruler has come
5327:
5326:
5033:
5032:
5020:
5019:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4827:Claudius Gothicus
4721:Severus Alexander
4688:Septimius Severus
4553:
4552:
4351:
4350:
4096:
4095:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4019:
3735:Osorkon the Elder
3686:
3685:
3463:
3462:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3357:Nubkheperre Intef
3237:Sekhemre Shedwast
2859:Sehetepkare Intef
2787:Semenkare Nebnuni
2716:
2715:
2563:
2562:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2270:
2269:
2248:Netjerkare Siptah
2170:Neferirkare Kakai
2015:
2014:
1819:
1818:
1589:
1588:
1486:
1485:
1477:Succeeded by
1445:Media related to
1295:978-0-415-09032-2
540:
539:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
444:
437:
436:
431:
430:
427:
426:
404:
403:
400:
399:
353:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
301:
300:
297:
296:
255:
254:
251:
250:
210:
209:
206:
205:
193:
192:
185:
184:
181:
180:
155:
154:
151:
150:
5367:
5293:MacGregor plaque
5132:
5131:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5037:
5036:
5027:List of pharaohs
4917:
4916:
4682:Pescennius Niger
4570:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4478:Ptolemy IX Soter
4448:Cleopatra I Syra
4368:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4065:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4034:
4033:
3785:Djedkhonsuefankh
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3450:
3445:
3430:
3429:
3421:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3399:
3398:
2992:Qareh Khawoserre
2978:Yakbim Sekhaenre
2919:Mersekhemre Ined
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2501:
2500:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1527:
1526:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1473:
1467:Pharaoh of Egypt
1455:Preceded by
1452:
1451:
1444:
1404:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1372:
1361:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1328:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1112:
1096:List of pharaohs
1076:
1064:
1048:
1032:
1013:
1001:
820:. Djer fathered
613:Abydos King List
605:Abydos King List
563:
561:
556:
418:
417:
414:
408:
393:
392:
389:
385:
381:
380:
366:
324:
323:
320:
278:
277:
274:
232:
231:
228:
213:Abydos King List
202:
201:
173:
172:
169:
161:
144:
143:
140:
136:
132:
131:
118:
107:
106:
70:
67:
36:
19:
18:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5307:
5273:Narmer macehead
5265:
5259:
5243:
5212:
5154:
5133:
5129:
5124:
5069:
5064:
5034:
5029:
5016:
4922:
4899:
4799:Macrianus Minor
4728:Maximinus Thrax
4664:Marcus Aurelius
4563:
4562:
4561:
4549:
4408:Ptolemy I Soter
4394:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4347:
4314:
4286:
4246:
4228:
4208:Psammetichus IV
4178:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4092:
4070:
4061:
4050:
4047:(664 BC–313 AD)
4046:
4045:
4016:
3978:
3955:
3951:Menkheperre Ini
3888:
3811:
3749:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3682:
3619:
3566:
3547:Neferneferuaten
3473:
3472:
3471:
3459:
3458:
3448:
3443:
3442:Pharaohs
3435:
3426:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3381:
3316:
3275:
3202:Sobekhotep VIII
3183:
3115:
2963:
2924:Sewadjkare Hori
2726:
2725:
2724:
2712:
2652:
2626:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2559:
2537:
2528:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2483:
2450:
2410:
2318:Djedkare Shemai
2280:
2279:
2278:
2266:
2204:
2146:
2089:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2011:
1905:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1720:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1563:
1554:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1521:
1516:
1482:
1470:
1462:
1460:
1438:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1384:
1375:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1331:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1068:
1065:
1056:
1049:
1040:
1033:
1024:
1014:
1005:
1002:
993:
890:
794:
788:
748:human sacrifice
671:
645:
643:Length of reign
621:Turin King List
594:
582:Flinders Petrie
578:31st century BC
557:
459:
458:
422:
374:
370:
337:
318:
314:
310:
308:
302:
272:
268:
264:
262:
259:Turin King List
256:
226:
222:
218:
216:
199:
176:
130:
126:
122:
104:
68:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5373:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5278:Narmer palette
5275:
5269:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5159:Queen consorts
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5063:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5040:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4895:Maximinus Daza
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4654:Antoninus Pius
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4567:
4564:(30 BC–313 AD)
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4365:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4328:Artaxerxes III
4324:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4256:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4204:
4199:
4197:Petubastis III
4194:
4188:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4134:
4129:
4121:
4119:
4110:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4052:
4051:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3700:
3692:3 Intermediate
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3477:
3474:(1550–1070 BC)
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3207:Neferhotep III
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3037:Sewadjkare III
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3006:Maaibre Sheshi
3002:
2999:'Ammu Ahotepre
2995:
2988:
2981:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2909:Merhotepre Ini
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Sobekhotep III
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2727:(1802–1550 BC)
2722:2 Intermediate
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2617:Mentuhotep III
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2574:(2040–1802 BC)
2569:Middle Kingdom
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2519:
2518:
2506:Middle Kingdom
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2469:Neferkare VIII
2466:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2434:Nebkaure Khety
2431:
2426:
2424:Meryibre Khety
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2358:Neferkamin Anu
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2284:
2281:(2181–2040 BC)
2276:1 Intermediate
2272:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2195:Djedkare Isesi
2192:
2190:Menkauhor Kaiu
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2026:(2686–2181 BC)
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1830:(3150–2686 BC)
1825:Early Dynastic
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1730:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1612:
1603:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1463:
1456:
1437:
1436:External links
1434:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1373:
1371:Issue 1, 2008.
1356:
1343:
1329:
1315:
1301:
1285:Rice, Michael
1278:
1269:
1260:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1153:
1135:
1129:978-0521284271
1128:
1116:Trigger, Bruce
1106:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1022:British Museum
1015:
1008:
1006:
1003:
996:
992:
989:
966:
965:
962:
955:
948:
914:Middle Kingdom
910:Second Dynasty
889:
886:
885:
884:
878:
872:
862:
856:
828:and mother of
787:
784:
736:
735:
725:
722:
719:
716:
710:
707:
701:
670:
667:
644:
641:
593:
590:
538:
537:
534:
530:
529:
523:
519:
518:
508:
504:
503:
498:
494:
493:
483:
479:
478:
465:
461:
460:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
440:
438:
435:
434:
432:
429:
428:
425:
424:
411:
405:
402:
401:
398:
397:
377:
376:
362:
361:
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
334:
331:
328:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
253:
252:
249:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
208:
207:
204:
203:
196:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
165:
164:
158:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
114:
113:
105:
102:Royal titulary
100:
99:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
76:
72:
71:
69: 3000 BC
62:
56:
55:
49:
48:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5372:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5264:Artefacts and
5262:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5061:
5056:
5054:
5049:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5028:
5023:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4918:
4914:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4560:
4556:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:Cleopatra III
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4275:Nepherites II
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4086:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4057:
4053:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3806:Psusennes III
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3697:(1069–664 BC)
3693:
3689:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3663:Ramesses VIII
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:Amenhotep III
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3470:
3466:
3455:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:Seqenenre Tao
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3347:Sobekemsaf II
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3297:Wepwawetemsaf
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Merneferre Ay
2902:
2900:
2899:Wahibre Ibiau
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Sobekhotep IV
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Amenemhat III
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2622:Mentuhotep IV
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Mentuhotep II
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Wahkare Khety
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2429:Neferkare VII
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Seth-Peribsen
1974:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:Hotepsekhemwy
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:Double Falcon
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1600:(pre-3150 BC)
1596:
1595:Protodynastic
1592:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1546:
1537:
1533:
1532:Protodynastic
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1481:
1469:
1468:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1430:
1427:
1426:0-415-18633-1
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1366:
1363:Thomas KĂĽhn:
1360:
1353:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1249:
1248:www.ucl.ac.uk
1245:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1156:
1154:0-631-19396-0
1150:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
994:
988:
986:
982:
979:– and indeed
978:
973:
971:
963:
960:
956:
953:
949:
946:
942:
938:
937:
936:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:. During the
911:
907:
903:
894:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
850:
847:
846:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
812:and his wife
811:
803:
798:
793:
783:
781:
777:
773:
771:
770:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
734:
730:
726:
723:
720:
717:
715:
711:
708:
706:
702:
699:
695:
694:
693:
690:
688:
680:
675:
666:
664:
663:
658:
654:
653:Palermo Stone
650:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
606:
602:
598:
589:
587:
586:Émile Brugsch
583:
579:
575:
574:ancient Egypt
571:
570:First Dynasty
567:
552:
548:
544:
535:
531:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
509:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
484:
480:
477:
473:
469:
466:
462:
441:
439:
420:
419:
416:
415:
409:
406:
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
373:
368:
367:
363:
360:
356:
340:
335:
332:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
317:
313:
307:
306:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
271:
270:...damaged...
267:
261:
260:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
225:
221:
215:
214:
197:
195:
188:
175:
174:
171:
170:
166:
162:
159:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
129:
125:
120:
119:
115:
112:
108:
103:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
63:
61:
57:
54:
50:
45:
41:
35:
30:
25:
20:
5288:Abydos boats
5248:Other people
5185:
5094:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4785:
4778:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4680:
4673:
4659:Lucius Verus
4616:
4517:
4493:Berenice III
4483:Cleopatra IV
4458:Cleopatra II
4390:Alexander IV
4310:Nectanebo II
4279:
4260:Nepherites I
4219:Artaxerxes I
4206:
4136:
4124:
4107:(664–332 BC)
4087:
4043:Roman Period
3945:Shoshenq VII
3943:
3916:
3876:
3857:Shoshenq III
3839:
3804:
3767:
3745:Psusennes II
3658:Ramesses VII
3638:Ramesses III
3522:Amenhotep II
3517:Thutmose III
3453:
3342:Sobekemsaf I
3334:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3268:
3261:
3166:
3149:
3144:'Aper-'Anati
3142:
3135:
3128:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3052:Sekheperenre
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2874:Neferhotep I
2864:Seth Meribre
2841:
2827:Djedkheperew
2744:
2705:
2696:Amenemhat IV
2686:Senusret III
2676:Amenemhat II
2592:Mentuhotep I
2554:
2443:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2308:Neferkare II
2259:
2252:
2185:Nyuserre Ini
2139:
2122:
2077:
2070:
2058:
1999:
1994:Neferkasokar
1992:
1985:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1898:
1891:
1861:
1799:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1742:Finger Snail
1740:
1733:
1713:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1580:
1465:
1439:
1417:
1411:Bibliography
1387:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1351:
1346:
1304:
1286:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1144:
1138:
1119:
1110:
974:
967:
941:Cairo Museum
934:
902:Umm el-Qa'ab
899:
880:
867:, buried in
837:
833:
807:
774:
767:
737:
698:Umm el-Qa'ab
691:
684:
661:
660:
648:
646:
632:
624:
616:
610:
600:
550:
546:
542:
541:
527:Umm el-Qa'ab
371:
359:Golden Horus
315:
311:
303:
269:
265:
257:
223:
219:
211:
127:
123:
27:Zher, Sekhty
4763:Gordian III
4708:Diadumenian
4508:Cleopatra V
4362:(332–30 BC)
4357:Hellenistic
4300:Nectanebo I
4192:Cambyses II
4174:Psamtik III
4132:Tefnakht II
3934:Takelot III
3929:Osorkon III
3924:Shoshenq VI
3878:Pedubast II
3862:Shoshenq IV
3835:Shoshenq II
3800:Pinedjem II
3790:Menkheperre
3725:Psusennes I
3678:Ramesses XI
3668:Ramesses IX
3653:Ramesses VI
3643:Ramesses IV
3590:Ramesses II
3552:Tutankhamun
3527:Thutmose IV
3507:Thutmose II
3497:Amenhotep I
3469:New Kingdom
3404:New Kingdom
3263:Senusret IV
3247:Dedumose II
3222:Nebiriau II
3217:Nebiryraw I
3212:Mentuhotepi
3017:Khakherewre
2944:Merkheperre
2854:Imyremeshaw
2837:Sedjefakare
2792:Sehetepibre
2767:Ameny Qemau
2701:Sobekneferu
2681:Senusret II
2666:Amenemhat I
2648:Iyibkhentre
2378:Neferirkare
2373:Neferkauhor
2180:Shepseskare
2021:Old Kingdom
2007:Khasekhemwy
1987:Neferkara I
1956:Weneg-Nebty
1801:Scorpion II
1244:"King Djer"
930:Djedkheperu
744:hieroglyphs
305:Cairo stone
75:Predecessor
5334:Categories
5203:Seshemetka
5181:Nakhtneith
5145:Neithhotep
4880:Diocletian
4834:Quintillus
4787:Aemilianus
4742:Gordian II
4714:Elagabalus
4535:Arsinoe IV
4418:Arsinoe II
4343:Darius III
4270:Psammuthes
4159:Psamtik II
3974:Bakenranef
3912:Pedubast I
3907:Takelot II
3902:Harsiese A
3884:Osorkon IV
3872:Shoshenq V
3852:Osorkon II
3825:Shoshenq I
3795:Smendes II
3775:Pinedjem I
3720:Amenemnisu
3673:Ramesses X
3648:Ramesses V
3600:Amenmesses
3580:Ramesses I
3542:Smenkhkare
3512:Hatshepsut
3502:Thutmose I
3252:Montuemsaf
3242:Dedumose I
3042:Nebdjefare
3032:Merdjefare
2802:Nedjemibre
2797:Sewadjkare
2671:Senusret I
2643:Qakare Ini
2464:Meryhathor
2368:Neferkaure
2363:Qakare Iby
2348:Neferkahor
2333:Neferkamin
2141:Thamphthis
2135:Shepseskaf
2049:Sekhemkhet
1900:Horus Bird
1777:Scorpion I
1458:Neithhotep
1102:References
970:Neithhotep
959:Neithhotep
952:Meritneith
865:Seshemetka
849:Nakhtneith
824:, wife of
790:See also:
764:Nile Delta
729:Wadi Halfa
687:Neithhotep
515:Neithhotep
468:Nakhtneith
111:Horus name
64:41 years,
5297:Mastabas
5266:monuments
5217:Officials
5115:Semerkhet
5012:Ptolemaic
4820:Gallienus
4735:Gordian I
4698:Caracalla
4624:Vespasian
4618:Vitellius
4400:Ptolemaic
4242:Amyrtaeus
4224:Darius II
4169:Ahmose II
4149:Psamtik I
4088:uncertain
4076:Pharaohs
4012:Tanutamun
3847:Takelot I
3830:Osorkon I
3780:Masaharta
3730:Amenemope
3633:Setnakhte
3595:Merneptah
3537:Akhenaten
3454:uncertain
3336:Nebmaatre
3157:Sakir-Har
3110:Yaqub-Har
3022:Nebefawre
2772:Hotepibre
2638:Segerseni
2607:Intef III
2555:uncertain
2543:Pharaohs
2175:Neferefre
2001:Hudjefa I
1882:Semerkhet
1619:Hedju Hor
1581:uncertain
1569:Pharaohs
1253:March 16,
1213:King Djer
513: ?,
89:Successor
5255:Ahaneith
5198:Serethor
5187:Khenthap
5171:Herneith
5150:Merneith
5074:Pharaohs
4972:21 to 23
4890:Galerius
4885:Maximian
4874:Numerian
4841:Aurelian
4793:Valerian
4756:Balbinus
4749:Pupienus
4703:Macrinus
4675:Pertinax
4669:Commodus
4634:Domitian
4597:Claudius
4592:Caligula
4587:Tiberius
4582:Augustus
4202:Darius I
4154:Necho II
3997:Shebitku
3969:Tefnakht
3562:Horemheb
3492:Ahmose I
3304:Pantjeny
3290:Senebkay
3270:Pepi III
3232:Bebiankh
3089:Shenshek
3047:Nebsenre
2879:Sihathor
2849:Khendjer
2812:Renseneb
2757:Nerikare
2602:Intef II
2479:Merykare
2384:Wadjkare
2328:Merenhor
2223:Userkare
2130:Menkaure
2124:Bikheris
2113:Djedefre
2079:Qahedjet
1963:Wadjenes
1949:Horus Sa
1942:Nubnefer
1929:Nynetjer
1893:Sneferka
1633:Ni-Neith
1519:Pharaohs
1474:3000 BC
1461:(regent)
1118:(1983).
1085:See also
981:Herneith
928:pharaoh
859:Herneith
822:Merneith
814:Khenthap
700:, Abydos
696:Tomb in
681:or name.
657:register
633:KenkenĂŞs
627:, while
525:Tomb O,
511:Khenthap
486:Merneith
482:Children
472:Herneith
5360:Hor-Aha
5312:Capital
5239:Meriiti
5208:Betrest
5176:Penebui
5166:Benerib
5138:Regents
5110:Anedjib
5090:Hor-Aha
4867:Carinus
4848:Tacitus
4806:Quietus
4649:Hadrian
4333:Khabash
4164:Wahibre
4144:Necho I
4138:Nekauba
4126:Ammeris
4069:Dynasty
4007:Taharqa
4002:Shabaka
3939:Rudamun
3918:Iuput I
3763:Herihor
3715:Smendes
3615:Twosret
3605:Seti II
3449:female)
3434:Dynasty
3330:Rahotep
3227:Semenre
3197:Djehuti
3179:Khamudi
3168:Yanassi
3151:Salitis
3103:Yakareb
3096:Khamure
3027:Sehebre
2949:Merkare
2597:Intef I
2536:Dynasty
2445:Imhotep
2405:Iytjenu
2391:Khuiqer
2303:Menkare
2254:Neferka
2238:Pepi II
2160:Userkaf
2054:Sanakht
1877:Anedjib
1857:Hor-Aha
1790:Iry-Hor
1784:Shendjw
1756:Pen-Abu
1640:Hat-Hor
1562:Dynasty
1428:, 71-73
1312:. 1940.
991:Gallery
985:Saqqara
977:Memphis
875:Penebui
810:Hor-Aha
780:anatomy
776:Manetho
762:in the
705:Saqqara
629:Manetho
568:of the
566:pharaoh
562:3000 BC
558:
533:Dynasty
517: ?
501:Hor-Aha
492: ?
476:Penebui
464:Consort
224:A ruler
79:Hor-Aha
53:Pharaoh
44:Deshret
5319:Thinis
5229:Hemaka
5085:Narmer
5007:Argead
4854:Probus
4774:Decius
4769:Philip
4644:Trajan
4372:Argead
4281:Muthis
4234:XXVIII
4214:Xerxes
4082:female
4060:Period
3769:Piankh
3740:Siamun
3610:Siptah
3585:Seti I
3425:Period
3377:Kamose
3311:Snaaib
3281:Abydos
3137:Semqen
3130:Sharek
3082:Sheneh
3062:'Apepi
3057:Bebnum
3012:Nehesy
2832:Sebkay
2752:Sonbef
2549:female
2527:Period
2338:Nikare
2228:Pepi I
2165:Sahure
2118:Khafre
2103:Snefru
2072:Sedjes
2044:Djoser
1970:Senedj
1848:Narmer
1807:Narmer
1689:Wazner
1654:Hsekiu
1626:Ny-Hor
1575:female
1553:Period
1424:
1369:Kemet.
1293:
1151:
1126:
1018:serekh
945:Abydos
918:Osiris
906:Abydos
869:Abydos
853:Abydos
842:Abydos
818:Narmer
786:Family
769:Setjet
752:Abydos
714:Helwan
679:serekh
631:lists
619:, the
551:Sekhty
522:Burial
507:Mother
497:Father
372:nj-nbw
369:Nynebu
266:Jtj...
40:Hedjet
5303:S3504
5299:S3503
5234:Sabef
5193:Semat
5081:Menes
4860:Carus
4639:Nerva
4629:Titus
4607:Galba
4574:XXXIV
4559:Roman
4338:Arses
4265:Hakor
4184:XXVII
3894:XXIII
3484:XVIII
3444:(male
3174:Apepi
3162:Khyan
3075:Wazad
2843:Wegaf
2777:Iufni
2631:Nubia
2439:Setut
2261:Nefer
2108:Khufu
2066:Khaba
2060:Nebka
1924:Nebra
1852:Menes
1811:Menes
1763:Stork
1726:Upper
1682:Neheb
1675:Thesh
1661:Khayu
1610:Lower
1297:p123
740:ivory
733:Sudan
669:Reign
625:It...
309:Itetj
263:It...
217:Itetj
83:Menes
60:Reign
5340:Djer
5301:and
5224:Amka
5120:Qa'a
5100:Djet
5095:Djer
4693:Geta
4612:Otho
4602:Nero
4320:XXXI
4305:Teos
4252:XXIX
4117:XXVI
4102:Late
4079:male
4039:Late
3992:Piye
3961:XXIV
3867:Pami
3817:XXII
3406:and
3322:XVII
3068:Nuya
2737:XIII
2546:male
2508:and
2398:Khui
2295:VIII
2218:Teti
2200:Unas
2085:Huni
1887:Qa'a
1867:Djet
1862:Djer
1770:Bull
1749:Fish
1715:Wash
1696:Mekh
1572:male
1480:Djet
1447:Djer
1422:ISBN
1367:In:
1291:ISBN
1255:2024
1149:ISBN
1124:ISBN
922:bier
888:Tomb
836:and
826:Djet
760:Sais
758:and
756:Buto
611:The
592:Name
545:(or
543:Djer
490:Djet
312:Jttj
220:Jttj
121:Djer
93:Djet
42:and
22:Djer
5105:Den
4292:XXX
4041:to
3984:XXV
3707:XXI
3572:XIX
3189:XVI
2969:XIV
2817:Hor
2658:XII
2291:VII
2036:III
1872:Den
1668:Tiu
1534:to
904:at
881:bsu
830:Den
617:Iti
601:Iti
572:of
555:fl.
549:or
547:Zer
81:or
5336::
5002:31
4997:30
4992:27
4987:26
4982:25
4977:24
4967:20
4962:19
4957:18
4952:12
4947:11
3625:XX
3557:Ay
3121:XV
2584:XI
2416:IX
2210:VI
2095:IV
1935:Ba
1911:II
1850:/
1809:/
1795:Ka
1647:Pu
1472:c.
1396:^
1376:^
1332:^
1318:^
1246:.
987:.
932:.
731:,
665:.
662:C1
635:.
588:.
560:c.
553:;
488:,
474:,
470:,
124:ḏr
66:c.
5083:/
5059:e
5052:t
5045:v
4942:4
4938:3
4935:2
4931:1
2456:X
2293:/
2152:V
1840:I
1735:A
1703:A
1511:e
1504:t
1497:v
1257:.
1157:.
1132:.
1055:.
1039:.
961:.
954:.
947:.
804:.
607:.
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