Docking and berthing of spacecraft

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system developed by NPO Energiya for the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (Page 141). The plan was for the orbiter to be launched uncrewed and fly to the Mir space station, where it would dock with the axial APAS-89 docking port of the Kristall module (Page 246). In the late 1980s NPO Energiya was ordered to build three Soyuz spacecraft (serial numbers 101, 102, 103) with APAS-89 docking ports (Page 246). Soyuz craft nr. 101 was eventually launched as Soyuz TM-16 on January 1993, carrying another resident crew (Gennadiy Manakov and Aleksandr Poleshchuk) to Mir space station. Equipped with an APAS-89 docking port, it was the only Soyuz vehicle to ever docking with the Kristall module. Soyuz "rescue" vehicle nr. 102 and 103, which had only been partially assembled, were modified as ordinary Soyuz TM spacecraft with standard probe docking mechanisms and were given new serial numbers (Page 249). In July 1992 NASA initiated the development of the Orbiter Docking System (ODS) to support Shuttle flights to Mir. Mounted in the forward end of the payload bay, the ODS consists of an external airlock, a supporting truss structure, and an APAS docking port. While the first two elements were built by Rockwell, the APAS was manufactured by RKK Energiya. Although Energiya's internal designator for the Shuttle APAS is APAS-95, it is essentially the same as Buran's APAS-89. While the ODS was slightly modified for Shuttle missions to ISS, APAS remained unchanged (Page 380).

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around the satellite's apogee-boost motor. With ground teams governing the movements, the SIS robotic arm will reach through the nozzle of the apogee motor to find and unscrew the satellite's fuel cap. The SIS vehicle will reclose the fuel cap after delivering the agreed amount of propellant and then head to its next mission. ... Key to the business model is MDA's ability to launch replacement fuel canisters that would be grappled by SIS and used to refuel dozens of satellites over a period of years. These canisters would be much lighter than the SIS vehicle and thus much less expensive to launch.

841: 459: 2021: 556: 1879:(FTD) mission, for flight as early as 2014/2015. An important NASA objective on the proposed mission is to advance the technology and demonstrate automated rendezvous and docking. One mission element defined in the 2010 analysis was the development of a laser proximity operations sensor that could be used for non-cooperative vehicles at distances between 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) and 3 kilometers (2 mi). Non-cooperative docking mechanisms were identified as critical mission elements to the success of such autonomous missions. 636: 805: 27: 1682: 1085: 936: 1406: 1046: 1378: 146: 1354: 846: 127: 3852: 1772: 336:(LM) landing spacecraft, shortly after both craft were sent out of Earth orbit on a path to the Moon. Then after completing the lunar landing mission, two astronauts in the LM had to rendezvous and dock with the CSM in lunar orbit, in order to be able to return to Earth. The spacecraft were designed to permit intra-vehicular crew transfer through a tunnel between the nose of the Command Module and the roof of the Lunar Module. These maneuvers were first demonstrated in 3822: 676: 717: 1066:, beginning with Shenzhou 8, to dock to Chinese space stations. The Chinese docking mechanism is based on the Russian APAS-89/APAS-95 system; some have called it a "clone". There have been contradicting reports by the Chinese on its compatibility with APAS-89/95. It has a circular transfer passage that has a diameter of 800 mm (31 in). The androgynous variant has a mass of 310 kg and the non-androgynous variant has a mass of 200 kg. 888: 893: 1130: 1899: 209: 262: 991: 712: 1191: 2124:

phase, and then the hard docked position which establishes an air-tight structural connection between spacecraft. Berthing, by contrast, is when an incoming spacecraft is grappled by a robotic arm and its interface mechanism is placed in close proximity of the stationary interface mechanism. Then typically there is a capture process, coarse alignment and fine alignment and then structural attachment.

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condition of the station's atmosphere and found it satisfactory. Attired in winter fur-lined clothing, they entered the cold station to conduct repairs. Within a week sufficient systems were brought back online to allow robot cargo ships to dock with the station. Nearly two months went by before atmospheric conditions on the space station were normalized.

1346:. It was made for the Nauka nadir and Prichal nadir ports of the International Space Station, where Soyuz and Progress spacecraft had to dock to a port designated for modules. Before removal of SSPA-GM, the docking ring is 80 cm (31 in) in diameter; that becomes 120 cm (47 in) after removal. 1433:). Therefore, commonly at least one of the participating spacecraft was crewed, with a pressurized habitable volume (e.g. a space station or a lunar lander) being the target—the exceptions were a few fully uncrewed Soviet docking missions (e.g. the dockings of Kosmos 1443 and Progress 23 to an uncrewed 3213:

MDA planned to launch its Space Infrastructure Servicing ("SIS") vehicle into near geosynchronous orbit, where it would service commercial and government satellites in need of additional fuel, re-positioning or other maintenance. The first refueling mission was to be available 3.5 years following the

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ViviSat, a new 50-50 joint venture of U.S. Space and ATK, is marketing a satellite-refueling spacecraft that connects to a target spacecraft using the same probe-in-the-kick-motor approach as MDA, but does not transfer its fuel. Instead, the vehicle becomes a new fuel tank, using its own thrusters to

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were docked in what author David S. F. Portree describes as "one of the most impressive feats of in-space repairs in history". Solar tracking failed and due to a telemetry fault the station did not report the failure to mission control while flying autonomously. Once the station ran out of electrical

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A docking or berthing adapter is a mechanical or electromechanical device that facilitates the connection of one type of docking or berthing interface to a different interface. While such interfaces may theoretically be docking/docking, docking/berthing, or berthing/berthing, only the first two types

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more than 40 different types of fueling systems ... SIS will be carrying enough tools to open 75 percent of the fueling systems aboard satellites now in geostationary orbit. ... MDA will launch the SIS servicer, which will rendezvous and dock with the Intelsat satellite, attaching itself to the ring

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shuttle mission added the Soft-Capture Mechanism (SCM) at the aft bulkhead of the space telescope. The SCM is meant for unpressurized dockings and will be used at the end of Hubble's service lifetime to dock an uncrewed spacecraft to de-orbit Hubble. The SCM used was designed to be compatible to the

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A smaller common docking system for robotic spacecraft is also needed to enable robotic spacecraft AR&D within the capture envelopes of these systems. Assembly of the large vehicles and stages used for beyond LEO exploration missions will require new mechanisms with new capture envelopes beyond

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For space station missions Buran would have carried a Docking Module (SM) in the forward part of the payload bay. It consisted of a spherical section (2.55 m in diameter) topped with a cylindrical tunnel (2.2 m in diameter) with an APAS-89 androgynous docking port, a modified version of the APAS-75

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Dzhanibekov piloted his ship to intercept the forward port of Salyut 7, matched the station's rotation and achieved soft dock with the station. After achieving hard dock they confirmed that the station's electrical system was dead. Prior to opening the hatch, Dzhanibekov and Savinykh sampled the

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Docking is when one incoming spacecraft rendezvous with another spacecraft and flies a controlled collision trajectory in such a manner so as to align and mesh the interface mechanisms. The spacecraft docking mechanisms typically enter what is called soft capture, followed by a load attenuation

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Docking and undocking describe spacecraft using a docking port, without assistance and under their own power. Berthing takes place when a spacecraft or unpowered module cannot use a docking port or requires assistance to use one. This assistance may come from a spacecraft, such as when the

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any docking system currently used or in development. Development and testing of autonomous robotic capture of non-cooperative target vehicles in which the target does not have capture aids such as grapple fixtures or docking mechanisms is needed to support satellite servicing/rescue.

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Berthing of spacecraft can be traced at least as far back as the berthing of payloads into the Space Shuttle payload bay. Such payloads could be either free-flying spacecraft captured for maintenance/return, or payloads temporarily exposed to the space environment at the end of the

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cargo spacecraft to resupply its space stations in low earth orbit, greatly extending the length of crew stays. As an uncrewed spacecraft, Progress rendezvoused and docked with the space stations entirely automatically. In 1986, the Igla docking system was replaced with the updated

1507:-sponsored mission to test in-space satellite servicing with two vehicles designed from the ground up for on-orbit refueling and subsystem replacement—two companies announced plans for commercial satellite servicing missions that would require docking of two uncrewed vehicles. 1852:

changes are made to the "chaser" spacecraft until it has zero relative motion with the "target" spacecraft. Second, docking maneuvers commence that are similar to traditional cooperative spacecraft docking. A standardized docking interface on each spacecraft is assumed.

1222:. The berthing mechanism is a unique hybrid derivative the Russian APAS-89/APAS-95 system as it has 4 petals instead of 3 along with 12 structural hooks and is a combination of an active "probe and drogue" soft-dock mechanism on port and passive target on airlock. 482:. Several different berthing mechanisms were used during the Space Shuttle era. Some of them were features of the Payload Bay (e.g., the Payload Retention Latch Assembly), while others were airborne support equipment (e.g., the Flight Support Structure used for 1697: 1036:. The standard CBM has a pass through in the shape of a square with rounded edges and has a width of 1,300 mm (50 in). The smaller hatch that Cygnus uses results in a transfer passage of the same shape but has a width of 940 mm (37 in). 2237:

Berthing refers to mating operations where an inactive module/vehicle is placed into the mating interface using a Remote Manipulator System-RMS. Docking refers to mating operations where an active vehicle flies into the mating interface under its own

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spacecraft from 1966 until 1970 in order to gather engineering data as a preparation for the Soviet space station program. The gathered data were subsequently used for the conversion of the Soyuz spacecraft – which was initially developed for the

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Most of the current research and all the past missions are aiming at capturing very cooperative satellites only. In the future, we may also need to capture non-cooperative satellites such as the ones tumbling in space or not designed for being

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Androgynous docking (and later androgynous berthing) by contrast has an identical interface on both spacecraft. In an androgynous interface, there is a single design which can connect to a duplicate of itself. This allows system-level

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NASA has identified automated and autonomous rendezvous and docking — the ability of two spacecraft to rendezvous and dock "operating independently from human controllers and without other back-up, advances in sensors, software, and

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where each spacecraft to be joined has a unique design (male or female) and a specific role to play in the docking process. The roles cannot be reversed. Furthermore, two spacecraft of the same gender cannot be joined at all.

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system. The Soyuz crew found the station was not broadcasting radar or telemetry for rendezvous, and after arrival and external inspection of the tumbling station, the crew judged proximity using handheld laser rangefinders.

67:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 954:

SSVP-M8000 or more commonly known as "hybrid", is a combination of a "probe and drogue" soft-dock mechanism with an APAS-95 hard-dock collar. It began to be manufactured in 1996. It is manufactured by RKK Energiya.

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space station, as of 2006, all spacecraft dockings in the first fifty years of spaceflight had been accomplished with vehicles where both spacecraft involved were under either piloted, autonomous or telerobotic

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and attached to Node-2's zenith PMA. The adapter is compatible with the International Docking System Standard (IDSS), which is an attempt by the ISS Multilateral Coordination Board to create a docking standard.

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Changes to the crewed aspect began in 2015, as a number of economically driven commercial dockings of uncrewed spacecraft were planned. In 2011, two commercial spacecraft providers announced plans to provide

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Docking with a spacecraft (or other man made space object) that does not have an operable attitude control system might sometimes be desirable, either in order to salvage it, or to initiate a controlled

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supply attitude control for the target. ... concept is not as far along as MDA. ... In addition to extending the life of an out-of-fuel satellite, the company could also rescue fueled spacecraft like

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if the MDA spacecraft performed as planned, Intelsat would pay a total of some $ 200 million to MDA. This assumed that four or five satellites would be given around 200 kilograms each of fuel.

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for servicing other uncrewed spacecraft. Notably, both of these servicing spacecraft were intending to dock with satellites that weren't designed for docking, nor for in-space servicing.

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The tunnel is 32 inches (.81 cm) in diameter and is used for crew transfer between the CSM and LM by crewmen in either pressurized or unpressurized extravehicular mobility units (EMU).

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The PCM hatch has a strong resemblance to the current hatches used on the US-segment of the ISS. However, at 37 inches on each side, it is somewhat smaller than the 50 inch ISS hatch.

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by making contact and latching its docking connector with that of the target vehicle. Once the soft connection is secured, if both spacecraft are pressurized, they may proceed to a

523:(role reversing) as well as rescue and collaboration between any two spacecraft. It also provides more flexible mission design and reduces unique mission analysis and training. 3665: 301:

in October 1965, but the Agena vehicle exploded during launch. On the revised mission Gemini 6A, Schirra successfully performed a rendezvous in December 1965 with the crewed

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of ISS for visiting spacecraft; These are located on the Zvezda, Rassvet, Prichal and Poisk modules. Furthermore, the probe-and-drogue system was used on the ISS to dock

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All Soviet and Russian space stations were equipped with automatic rendezvous and docking systems, from the first space station Salyut 1 using the IGLA system, to the

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and connecting to non-cooperative space objects was identified as a top technical challenge in the 2010 NASA Robotics, tele-robotics and autonomous systems roadmap.

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docked automatically in orbit. This was the first successful Soviet docking. Proceeding to crewed docking attempts, the Soviet Union first achieved rendezvous of

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One of the most challenging tasks for satellite on-orbit servicing is to rendezvous and capture a non-cooperative satellite such as a tumbling satellite.

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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

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A first docking with two uncrewed Soyuz spacecraft – the first fully automated space docking in the history of space flight – was made with the

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In the 1970s, the Soviet Union upgraded the Soyuz spacecraft to add an internal transfer tunnel and used it to transport cosmonauts during the

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where the docking mechanisms form an airtight seal, enabling interior hatches to be safely opened so that crew and cargo can be transferred.

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commencement of the build phase. ... The services provided by MDA to Intelsat under this agreement are valued at more than US$ 280 million.

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space station. It has a circular transfer passage that has a diameter of 800 mm (31 in) and is manufactured by RKK Energiya.

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energy reserves it ceased communication abruptly in February 1985. Crew scheduling was interrupted to allow Soviet military commander

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on Soyuz spacecraft. Progress spacecraft received the same upgrade several years later. The Kurs system is still used to dock to the

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by docking with it in its low orbit, using its own motor and fuel to place it in the right orbit, and then moving to another target.

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craft on October 25, 1968; docking was unsuccessfully attempted. The first crewed docking was achieved on January 16, 1969, between

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refers to mating operations where a passive module/vehicle is placed into the mating interface of another space vehicle by using a

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while the Mission Extension Vehicle would use a somewhat more standard insert-a-probe-into-the-nozzle-of-the-kick-motor approach.

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programs, the Soviet Union employed automated docking systems from the beginning of its docking attempts. The first such system,

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The SIS and MEV vehicles each planned to use a different docking technique. SIS planned to utilize a ring attachment around the

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Early systems for conjoining spacecraft were all non-androgynous docking system designs. Non-androgynous designs are a form of

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Atlantis will carry the Russian-built Docking Module, which has multi-mission androgynous docking mechanisms at top and bottom

1996:, instead it is pulled into a berthing mechanism by the station's robotic arm and the station then closes the connection. The 1429:

missions was to transfer crew, construct or resupply a space station, or to test for such a mission (e.g. the docking between

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Yoshida, Kazuya (2004). "Dynamics, control and impedance matching for robotic capture of a non-cooperative satellite".

2187: 1876: 1309:. PMA-1 is used to connect the Zarya control module with Unity node 1, Space Shuttles used PMA-2 and PMA-3 for docking. 1215: 831:. There were variations in design between the American and Soviet version but they were still mechanically compatible. 504: 78: 2404: 2040:(and surface habitats) would have a large rectangular docking hatch, approximately 2 by 1 meter (6.6 by 3.3 ft). 3417: 2867: 1946: 1816: 329: 248: 91:

Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.

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A docking/berthing connection is referred to as either "soft" or "hard". Typically, a spacecraft first initiates a

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space station and will be used on future Chinese space stations and with future Chinese cargo resupply vehicles.

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APAS to SSVP: Converts passive Hybrid Docking System to passive SSVP-G4000. The docking ring initially used for

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docking on Nauka until detached by Progress MS-17 for Prichal module arrived on ISS. This adapter is termed as

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have been deployed in space to date. Previously launched and planned to be launched adapters are listed below:

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in 1971. The docking system was upgraded in the mid-1980s to allow the docking of 20 ton modules to the

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Qiu Huayon; Liu Zhi; Shi Junwei; Zheng Yunqing (August 2015). "Birth of the Chinese Docking System".

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space station program with the first successful space station visit beginning on 7 June 1971, when

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The probe-and-drogue system allows visiting spacecraft using the probe docking interface, such as

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spacecraft, to dock to space stations that offer a port with a drogue interface, like the former

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used its robotic arm to push ISS modules into their permanent berths. In a similar fashion the

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It has a diameter of 800 mm (31 in). Described as "essentially the same as" APAS-89.

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transfer from Soyuz 5 to Soyuz 4, landing in a different spacecraft than they had launched in.

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on March 16, 1966. Manual dockings were performed on three subsequent Gemini missions in 1966.

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It was used for the first docking to a space station in the history of space flight, with the

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space station (passive). Was used to dock to the Docking Module adapter (passive) during the

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payload bay under the 180 degree mark on the -V3 plane of the Hubble Space Telescope during

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with the use of a robotic arm. Research and modeling work continues to support additional

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there will be an 800-millimetre cylindrical passage connecting Shenzhou-8 and Tiangong-1.

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and future vehicles. Circular transfer passage diameter is 800 mm (31 in). The

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until its launch failure, and attached to Node-2's forward PMA. IDA-2 was launched on

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The original Soyuz probe-and-drogue docking system was used with the first generation

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and attached to Node-2's forward PMA. IDA-3, the replacement for IDA-1 launched on

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Unlike the United States, which used manual piloted docking throughout the Apollo,

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Docking: The joining or coming together of two separate free flying space vehicles

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to the International Docking System Standard. IDA-1 was planned to be launched on

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spacecraft. It had a circular pass through diameter of 810 mm (32 in).

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The Automated/Autonomous Rendezvous & Docking Vehicle (ARDV) is a proposed

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ASTP Docking Module: An airlock module that converted U.S. Probe and Drogue to

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was permanently berthed to a docking port after it was pushed into place by a

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A prominent spacecraft that received a mechanism for uncrewed dockings is the

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partner for the initial demonstration satellite, intended for launch in 2015.

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space station. There are a total of four such docking ports available on the

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where the LM was used as a rescue vehicle instead of making a lunar landing.

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John Cook; Valery Aksamentov; Thomas Hoffman; Wes Bruner (January 1, 2011).

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Non-cooperative rendezvous and capture techniques have been theorized, and

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space station in May 1973. In July 1975, the two nations cooperated in the

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to achieve its objective of landing men on the Moon. This required first a

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specifically refers to joining of two separate free-flying space vehicles.

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Androgynous (Shuttle, Zarya and PMA-1), Non-Androgynous (PMA-2 and PMA-3)

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Androgynous (Soyuz TM-16), Non-Androgynous (Kristall, Mir Docking Module)

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2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

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A typical approach for solving this problem involves two phases. First,

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or simply the Russian Docking System (RDS). In Russian, SSVP stands for

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Jing floated through the narrow 31-inch passage leading into Tiangong 1

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dockings to Mir and ISS, On the ISS, it was also used on Zarya module,

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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

2885:"Status of Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEO)" 1413:. The SCM allows both crewed and uncrewed spacecraft that utilize the 892: 3945: 1761: 1421:

For the first fifty years of spaceflight, the main objective of most

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when ascender transfers samples to orbiter for Earth return such as

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has successfully been performed with uncrewed spacecraft in orbit.

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The early business model for these services was primarily in near-

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had no internal transfer tunnel, but two cosmonauts performed an

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Ma, Zhanhua; Ma, Ou & Shashikanth, Banavara (October 2006).

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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

1102: 589: 3965: 2709:"Tests of new Dragon systems to begin minutes after launch" 2597:. Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing Ltd. pp. 379–381. 1455:(HST) during the five HST servicing missions. The Japanese 507:), indicating which parts of the system may mate together. 2453:

Apollo 12 – On the Ocean of Storms: On the Ocean of Storms

2252:"EVA-30 concludes latest ISS commercial crew preparations" 1447:). Another exception were a few missions of the crewed US 3295:"Intelsat Signs Up for MDA's Satellite Refueling Service" 2681:"MLM Nauka docks to ISS, malfunctions shortly thereafter" 1665: 1443: 1298: 1013: 783: 779: 756: 2763:"China's First Space Station Module Readies for Liftoff" 741:, literally "System for docking and internal transfer". 3020:. NASA Advisory Council HEOMD Committee. Archived from 2819:"Chinese astronauts open door on orbiting research lab" 2215:"Advanced Docking/Berthing System – NASA Seal Workshop" 1833:

Orbital Express: ASTRO (left) and NEXTSat (right), 2007

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It is a modified passive hybrid version of SSVP-M8000.

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The Soft-Capture Mechanism (SCM) added in 2009 to the

2395:(Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston Texas, 2000) 1174:

Active, Passive, or Androgynous (i.e., both). Active(

733:

SSVP-G4000 is also known more vaguely as the Russian

622:(ASTP), which enabled the crew to dock with a Soviet 293:

to rendezvous and manually dock under the command of

2866:(Rev. C ed.). November 20, 2013. Archived from 2220:. NASA. November 4, 2004. p. 15. Archived from 1725:, the tenth space station of any kind launched, and 499:

Docking/berthing systems may be either androgynous (

348:, then in six lunar landing missions, as well as on 285:. This was first developed by the United States for 60: 3466:"In-space satellite servicing tests come to an end" 3229:"Intelsat Signs Up for Satellite Refueling Service" 2510: 2028:Docking has been discussed by NASA in regards to a 1711:pictured on a Soviet postage stamp commemorating a 433:in 1978, the Soviet Union began using the uncrewed 265:The first spacecraft docking was performed between 1970: 1762:Uncrewed dockings of non-cooperative space objects 1163:(IBDM) is an implementation of IDSS to be used on 1400: 751:missions that docked to the Soviet space station 641:Original Russian probe and drogue docking system 3989: 3659: 3657: 2789:"Differences between Shenzhou-8 and Shenzhou-7" 2736:. Orbital Sciences. August 2010. Archived from 698:("Lunar Orbital Craft", active) to dock to the 3459: 3457: 3048:"United States Commercial ELV Launch Manifest" 2332: 2180:Automated Rendezvous and Docking of Spacecraft 2136: 2134: 2132: 85:accompanying your translation by providing an 51:Click for important translation instructions. 38:expand this article with text translated from 3787: 3629:. New Mexico State University. Archived from 3388: 3386: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3008: 3006: 2706: 2182:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2108:"ISS Interface Mechanisms and their Heritage" 1779:The examples and perspective in this article 526: 3734: 3732: 3654: 2979:"International Space Station Program Status" 2877: 2765:. Space News. August 1, 2012. Archived from 2405:History of U.S. Docking Systems (10/05/2010) 2249: 1161:International Berthing and Docking Mechanism 3529: 3454: 3184: 2672: 2633: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2129: 1927:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1687:Commander Vladimir Dzhanibekov (left) with 1573:, a 50/50 joint venture of aerospace firms 1301:, PMA-1 and PMA-2 were launched in 1998 on 3794: 3780: 3690: 3383: 3292: 3286: 3256: 3226: 3220: 3141: 3003: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 1992:arriving at the ISS does not connect to a 1620: 3729: 3045: 2506: 2504: 1947:Learn how and when to remove this message 1817:Learn how and when to remove this message 1251:lateral ports for future add-on modules) 917:to interface with PMA-1 on Unity module, 277:Spacecraft docking capability depends on 249:Learn how and when to remove this message 3616: 3483: 3350: 3332:"The Soft Capture and Rendezvous System" 2791:. CCTV. October 31, 2011. Archived from 2641:"Space Shuttle Mission STS-74 Press Kit" 2615: 2594:Energiya-Buran: The Soviet Space Shuttle 2196: 1828: 1404: 739:Sistema Stykovki i Vnutrennego Perekhoda 659:– into a space station transport craft. 457: 260: 3696: 3666:"A New Space Enterprise of Exploration" 3535: 3323: 3293:de Selding, Peter B. (March 18, 2011). 3227:de Selding, Peter B. (March 14, 2011). 3154: 3012: 2976: 2965: 2678: 2537: 2474: 2450: 2276: 2274: 2142:"International Docking Standardization" 2015: 1581:, to operate as a small-scale in-space 172:. This connection can be temporary, or 3990: 3663: 2511:M.Cislaghi; C.Santini (October 2008). 2501: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2101: 2099: 1877:NASA Flagship Technology Demonstration 1734:and technical science flight engineer 1691:(right) on a 1978 Soviet postage stamp 1666:Salyut 7 space station salvage mission 1530:—to operate as a small-scale in-space 1167:spacecraft. IBDM will also be used on 326:transposition, docking, and extraction 158:in preparation for berthing to the ISS 3775: 3463: 3356: 3155:Morring, Frank Jr. (March 22, 2011). 3046:Pietrobon, Steven (August 20, 2018). 2890:. NASA. July 29, 2013. Archived from 2860:International Docking System Standard 2816: 2429:. NASA. February 23, 1969. p. 43 2282:"Mir Hardware Heritage Part 1: Soyuz" 2177: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 1216:Nauka Science (or Experiment) Airlock 1136:International Docking System Standard 344:, then in lunar orbit in May 1969 on 16:Joining of two or more space vehicles 3329: 3067: 2939: 2851: 2271: 1925:adding citations to reliable sources 1892: 1765: 1395:APAS to SSVP (SSVPA-GM) Docking Ring 231:adding citations to reliable sources 202: 20: 3978:Category:Spacecraft docking systems 2707:Stephen Clark (February 25, 2015). 2459: 2357: 2162: 1524:MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates 1313:International Docking Adapter (IDA) 176:such as for space station modules. 13: 3803:Docking and berthing of spacecraft 3489: 2836: 2810: 2781: 2755: 2455:. New York: Springer. p. 138. 2287:. NASA. p. 10. Archived from 2250:Pete Harding (February 25, 2015). 2147:. NASA. March 17, 2009. p. 15 2076: 2019: 1194: 803: 166:Docking and berthing of spacecraft 14: 4019: 3742:Space Exploration Vehicle Concept 3600:. Astronautix.com. Archived from 3574:. Astronautix.com. Archived from 2591:Bart Hendrickx; Bert Vis (2007). 2340:"Model of a Soyuz-4-5 spacecraft" 1888: 1297:. Three PMAs are attached to the 330:Apollo command and service module 289:. It was planned for the crew of 3850: 3820: 2817:Clark, Stephen (June 18, 2012). 2050: 1897: 1870:propellant storage and refueling 1770: 1696: 1680: 1634:mission to salvage the crippled 1388: 1376: 1364: 1352: 1287:Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA) 1189: 1128: 1083: 1044: 994: 989: 934: 929: 891: 886: 844: 839: 715: 710: 674: 634: 588: 554: 332:(CSM) mother spacecraft and the 207: 144: 125: 25: 3590: 3564: 3464:Clark, Stephen (July 4, 2007). 3116: 3091: 3061: 3039: 2909: 2726: 2700: 2679:Harding, Pete (July 29, 2021). 2661: 2444: 2416: 2398: 2383: 2365:"NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details" 1971:Berthing spacecraft and modules 1566:being developed in 2011 by the 1496:services were also envisioned. 218:needs additional citations for 3697:Ambrose, Rob (November 2010). 3664:Tooley, Craig (May 25, 2010). 3357:Parma, George (May 20, 2011). 2977:Hartman, Dan (July 23, 2012). 2306: 2243: 1988:which was then discarded. The 1662:missions in the coming years. 1583:satellite-refueling spacecraft 1512:Space Infrastructure Servicing 1401:Docking of uncrewed spacecraft 665:missions on October 30, 1967. 283:station-keep in the same orbit 95:You may also add the template 1: 3835:International Docking Adapter 3013:Hartman, Daniel (July 2014). 2949:. Astronautix. Archived from 2475:Portree, David (March 1995). 2069: 1703:Doctor of technical sciences 1383:International Docking Adapter 1149:International Docking Adapter 1078:Non-Androgynous (Tiangong-1) 136:in process of docking to the 3490:Xu, Wenfu (September 2010). 3264:"ViviSat Corporate Overview" 2947:"Apollo ASTP Docking Module" 2057:Timelapse of undocking of a 1986:modified Progress spacecraft 1518:that was being developed by 1480:uncrewed resupply spacecraft 494: 462:Flight Support Structure in 395:. This early version of the 7: 3198:. CNW Group. Archived from 3068:Bayt, Rob (July 26, 2011). 2063:International Space Station 1793:, discuss the issue on the 1747:International Space Station 1738:to make emergency repairs. 1261: 1068:Used for the first time on 692:Soviet crewed lunar program 690:Intended to be used in the 657:Soviet crewed lunar program 489: 453: 448:International Space Station 154:spacecraft attached to the 138:International Space Station 10: 4024: 3998:Spacecraft docking systems 3841:Pressurized Mating Adapter 3550:10.1163/156855304322758015 2847:. No. 16. p. 12. 2043: 1990:Cygnus resupply spacecraft 1669: 1649:non-cooperative spacecraft 1417:(NDS) to dock with Hubble. 1371:Pressurized Mating Adapter 794:semipermanently to Zarya. 527:List of mechanisms/systems 198: 193: 59:Machine translation, like 3974: 3933: 3882:Common Berthing Mechanism 3877:Chinese Docking Mechanism 3859: 3848: 3827: 3818: 3809: 3508:10.1017/S0263574709990397 3270:. ViviSat. Archived from 2623:"Kristall module (77KST)" 1689:Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov 1560:Mission Extension Vehicle 1499:Building off of the 2007 1431:Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188 1291:Common Berthing Mechanism 1281:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project 1091:Chinese Docking Mechanism 1052:Chinese Docking Mechanism 1002:Common Berthing Mechanism 825:Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 663:Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188 620:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project 480:Remote Manipulator System 424:Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 40:the corresponding article 3410:10.1109/IROS.2006.281877 3157:"An End to Space Trash?" 3015:"Status of the ISS USOS" 2113:. Houston, Texas: Boeing 1536:communication satellites 1451:, like berthings of the 1305:, PMA-3 in late 2000 on 610:(active) to dock to the 596:Apollo Docking Mechanism 576:(active) to dock to the 562:Gemini Docking Mechanism 2627:www.russianspaceweb.com 2477:"Mir Hardware Heritage" 2451:Harland, David (2011). 2178:Fehse, Wigbert (2003). 2038:Martian surface vehicle 1743:Russian Orbital Segment 1621:Non-cooperative docking 1176:Commercial Crew Vehicle 915:Russian Orbital Segment 788:Russian Orbital Segment 681:Kontakt docking system 543:Internal crew transfer 444:Russian Orbital Segment 106:For more guidance, see 3704:. NASA. Archived from 3671:. NASA. Archived from 3404:. pp. 4109–4114. 3364:. NASA. Archived from 3334:. NASA. Archived from 3072:. NASA. Archived from 2984:. NASA. Archived from 2482:. NASA. Archived from 2025: 2012:for permanent berths. 1834: 1660:noncooperative capture 1606:Hubble Space Telescope 1453:Hubble Space Telescope 1418: 1411:Hubble Space Telescope 1277:Rockwell International 1199: 1110:sample return missions 1076:Androgynous (Shenzhou) 957:Used on ISS (connects 808: 608:Command/Service Module 503:) or non-androgynous ( 484:HST servicing missions 474: 322:lunar orbit rendezvous 274: 168:is the joining of two 97:{{Translated|zh|空间对接}} 4008:Spacecraft components 3756:on September 25, 2020 3711:on September 17, 2011 3338:on September 11, 2008 2873:on December 16, 2013. 2769:on September 17, 2012 2518:. ESA. Archived from 2410:May 24, 2011, at the 2227:on September 22, 2011 2036:or ascent stage. The 2023: 1832: 1653:controlled spacecraft 1408: 1289:: Converts an active 1234:Hybrid Docking System 1198: 1165:European Space Agency 943:Hybrid Docking System 807: 461: 340:on March 7, 1969, on 328:maneuver between the 264: 108:Knowledge:Translation 79:copyright attribution 3604:on December 11, 2016 3578:on December 11, 2016 3027:on February 18, 2017 2953:on December 27, 2016 2927:on September 6, 2020 2489:on September 7, 2009 2424:"Apollo 9 Press Kit" 2294:on December 26, 2017 2016:Mars surface docking 2000:is used only on the 1921:improve this section 1862:on-orbit positioning 1799:create a new article 1791:improve this article 1732:Vladimir Dzhanibekov 1540:geosynchronous orbit 1141:Docking or Berthing 578:Agena target vehicle 299:Agena Target Vehicle 271:Agena Target Vehicle 227:improve this article 3371:on October 15, 2011 3274:on January 24, 2018 2562:RussianSpaceWeb.com 2525:on February 3, 2013 2257:NASASpaceFlight.com 1709:Vladimir Kovalyonok 1615:NASA Docking System 1608:(HST). In 2009 the 1494:orbital maneuvering 1459:mission (nicknamed 1415:NASA Docking System 1359:ASTP Docking Module 1064:Shenzhou spacecraft 827:Docking Module and 612:Apollo Lunar Module 297:, with an uncrewed 174:partially permanent 134:Progress spacecraft 3934:Navigation systems 2921:Space Ref Business 2026: 1998:berthing mechanism 1835: 1419: 1220:nauka forward port 1200: 919:US Orbital Segment 868:Mir Docking Module 809: 614:(passive) and the 475: 383:with the uncrewed 275: 273:on March 16, 1966. 87:interlanguage link 3985: 3984: 3889:docking mechanism 3538:Advanced Robotics 3305:on March 21, 2012 3079:on March 28, 2012 2897:on August 5, 2021 2821:. Spaceflight Now 2795:on March 28, 2016 2740:on April 17, 2013 2604:978-0-387-69848-9 2558:"Docking Systems" 2320:on April 24, 2008 2030:Crewed Mars rover 1957: 1956: 1949: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1801:, as appropriate. 1587:its own thrusters 1259: 1258: 574:Gemini Spacecraft 259: 258: 251: 119: 118: 52: 48: 4015: 4003:Space rendezvous 3854: 3824: 3812:Space rendezvous 3796: 3789: 3782: 3773: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3755: 3749:. Archived from 3748: 3736: 3727: 3726: 3718: 3716: 3710: 3703: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3678:on June 12, 2012 3677: 3670: 3661: 3652: 3651: 3643: 3641: 3635: 3628: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3461: 3452: 3451: 3444: 3442: 3436: 3430:. Archived from 3399: 3390: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3370: 3363: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3312: 3310: 3301:. Archived from 3290: 3284: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3246: 3244: 3235:. Archived from 3224: 3218: 3217: 3209: 3207: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3169: 3167: 3152: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3128:www.roscosmos.ru 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3103:www.roscosmos.ru 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3078: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3026: 3019: 3010: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2991:on April 7, 2013 2990: 2983: 2974: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2923:. 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Archived from 2310: 2304: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2293: 2286: 2278: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2234: 2232: 2226: 2219: 2211: 2194: 2193: 2175: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2152: 2146: 2138: 2127: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2112: 2103: 2059:Soyuz spacecraft 2054: 2008:of the ISS uses 2004:of the ISS, the 1952: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1932: 1901: 1893: 1822: 1815: 1811: 1808: 1802: 1774: 1773: 1766: 1700: 1684: 1641:attitude control 1593:for the target." 1591:attitude control 1489:orbit, although 1392: 1380: 1368: 1356: 1255:Non-Androgynous 1225:Non-Androgynous 1193: 1157:Boeing Starliner 1147:Used on the ISS 1132: 1123:Non-Androgynous 1087: 1048: 1039:Non-Androgynous 998: 993: 984:Non-Androgynous 938: 933: 909:It was used for 895: 890: 848: 843: 798:Non-Androgynous 735:probe and drogue 719: 714: 705:Non-Androgynous 678: 669:Non-Androgynous 638: 629:Non-Androgynous 592: 583:Non-Androgynous 558: 531: 530: 468: 397:Soyuz spacecraft 279:space rendezvous 269:and an uncrewed 254: 247: 243: 240: 234: 211: 203: 148: 129: 98: 92: 65:Google Translate 50: 46: 29: 28: 21: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4013: 4012: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3970: 3929: 3855: 3846: 3825: 3814: 3805: 3800: 3770: 3769: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3738: 3737: 3730: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3662: 3655: 3639: 3637: 3636:on June 5, 2013 3633: 3626: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3534: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3470:Spaceflight Now 3462: 3455: 3440: 3438: 3437:on June 5, 2013 3434: 3420: 3397: 3391: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3328: 3324: 3308: 3306: 3291: 3287: 3277: 3275: 3268:company website 3262: 3261: 3257: 3242: 3240: 3239:on May 24, 2012 3225: 3221: 3205: 3203: 3202:on May 12, 2011 3190: 3189: 3185: 3165: 3163: 3153: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3107: 3105: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3066: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3044: 3040: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3017: 3011: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2981: 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2006:Russian segment 1973: 1953: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1918: 1902: 1891: 1823: 1812: 1806: 1803: 1788: 1775: 1771: 1764: 1736:Viktor Savinykh 1720: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1705:Viktor Savinykh 1701: 1693: 1692: 1685: 1674: 1668: 1623: 1532:refueling depot 1526:(MDA)—maker of 1522:aerospace firm 1505:U.S. government 1501:Orbital Express 1441:to an uncrewed 1403: 1396: 1393: 1384: 1381: 1372: 1369: 1360: 1357: 1264: 1179: 1153:SpaceX Dragon 2 1095:Grappling-type 1077: 1030:SpaceX Dragon 1 782:or the current 700:LK lunar lander 529: 497: 492: 466: 456: 429:Beginning with 338:low Earth orbit 255: 244: 238: 235: 224: 212: 201: 196: 163: 162: 161: 160: 159: 149: 141: 140: 130: 115: 114: 113: 96: 90: 53: 30: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4021: 4011: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3983: 3982: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3895: 3890: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3856: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3844: 3838: 3831: 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1394: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1340:Progress MS-17 1332: 1310: 1284: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1218:, to berth to 1212: 1209: 1206: 1201: 1186: 1185: 1172: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1133: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1088: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1049: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1010: 1007: 1004: 999: 986: 985: 982: 952: 949: 946: 939: 926: 925: 922: 907: 904: 901: 896: 883: 882: 879: 860: 857: 854: 849: 836: 835: 832: 821: 818: 815: 810: 800: 799: 796: 731: 728: 725: 720: 707: 706: 703: 688: 685: 682: 679: 671: 670: 667: 648: 645: 642: 639: 631: 630: 627: 604: 601: 598: 593: 585: 584: 581: 570: 567: 564: 559: 551: 550: 547: 544: 541: 538: 535: 528: 525: 496: 493: 491: 488: 455: 452: 401:extravehicular 371:test vehicles 318:Apollo program 307:Neil Armstrong 287:Project Gemini 257: 256: 215: 213: 206: 200: 197: 195: 192: 170:space vehicles 150: 143: 142: 131: 124: 123: 122: 121: 120: 117: 116: 112: 111: 104: 93: 71: 68: 57: 54: 35: 34: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4020: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3980: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3915:Soyuz Kontakt 3913: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3823: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3792: 3790: 3785: 3783: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3752: 3745: 3743: 3735: 3733: 3725: 3724: 3707: 3700: 3693: 3674: 3667: 3660: 3658: 3650: 3649: 3632: 3625: 3619: 3603: 3599: 3593: 3577: 3573: 3572:"Dzhanibekov" 3567: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3458: 3450: 3449: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3419:1-4244-0258-1 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3389: 3387: 3367: 3360: 3353: 3337: 3333: 3330:NASA (2008). 3326: 3319: 3318: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3289: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3252: 3251: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3223: 3216: 3215: 3201: 3197: 3196:press release 3193: 3187: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3162: 3161:Aviation Week 3158: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3075: 3071: 3064: 3049: 3042: 3023: 3016: 3009: 3007: 2987: 2980: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2893: 2886: 2880: 2869: 2862: 2861: 2854: 2846: 2839: 2832: 2820: 2813: 2806: 2794: 2790: 2784: 2768: 2764: 2758: 2751: 2739: 2735: 2729: 2714: 2710: 2703: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2675: 2669: 2664: 2657: 2642: 2636: 2628: 2624: 2618: 2611: 2606: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2563: 2559: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2521: 2514: 2507: 2505: 2485: 2478: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2454: 2447: 2440: 2425: 2419: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2401: 2392: 2386: 2370: 2366: 2360: 2345: 2341: 2335: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2290: 2283: 2277: 2275: 2259: 2258: 2253: 2246: 2239: 2223: 2216: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2191: 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delta-v 1488: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1439:Progress M1-5 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1391: 1386: 1379: 1374: 1367: 1362: 1355: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1329:SpaceX CRS-18 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279:for the 1975 1278: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1247:Used on ISS ( 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232:SSPA-GB 1/2 ( 1231: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 997: 992: 988: 987: 983: 981: 979: 976:and Nauka to 975: 972: 968: 964: 960: 953: 950: 947: 944: 940: 937: 932: 928: 927: 923: 920: 916: 912: 911:Space Shuttle 908: 905: 902: 900: 897: 894: 889: 885: 884: 880: 877: 873: 869: 865: 862:Used on Mir ( 861: 858: 855: 853: 850: 847: 842: 838: 837: 833: 830: 826: 822: 819: 816: 814: 811: 806: 802: 801: 797: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 740: 736: 732: 729: 726: 724: 721: 718: 713: 709: 708: 704: 701: 697: 694:to allow the 693: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 673: 672: 668: 666: 664: 658: 653: 649: 646: 643: 640: 637: 633: 632: 628: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 602: 599: 597: 594: 591: 587: 586: 582: 579: 575: 571: 568: 565: 563: 560: 557: 553: 552: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 533: 532: 524: 522: 516: 513: 512:gender mating 508: 506: 502: 487: 485: 481: 472: 465: 460: 451: 449: 445: 441: 436: 432: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 361:Space Shuttle 358: 353: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 314: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 295:Wally Schirra 292: 288: 284: 280: 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Retrieved 2034:Mars habitat 2027: 1994:docking port 1982:Poisk module 1974: 1964: 1960: 1958: 1943: 1934: 1919:Please help 1907: 1881: 1874: 1855: 1843: 1836: 1813: 1804: 1780: 1756: 1740: 1721: 1624: 1603: 1596: 1562:(MEV) was a 1548:requirements 1498: 1484: 1477:teleoperated 1469: 1464: 1460: 1442: 1426: 1422: 1420: 1343: 1325:SpaceX CRS-9 1321:SpaceX CRS-7 1265: 1246: 1169:Dream Chaser 1067: 956: 941:SSVP-M8000 ( 834:Androgynous 823:Used on the 761: 742: 734: 696:Soyuz 7K-LOK 660: 606:Allowed the 572:Allowed the 517: 511: 509: 498: 476: 463: 428: 405: 354: 334:Lunar Module 320:depended on 315: 276: 245: 239:October 2018 236: 225:Please help 220:verification 217: 183: 179: 178: 165: 164: 132:Free-flying 83:edit summary 74: 45: 37: 18: 3031:October 26, 2375:October 22, 2349:October 22, 1839:one mission 1514:(SIS) is a 1336:Soyuz MS-18 1315:: Converts 1275:. Built by 1204:ASA-G/ASP-G 872:Soyuz TM-16 829:Soyuz 7K-TM 702:(passive). 652:Soyuz 7K-OK 624:Soyuz 7K-TM 580:(passive). 440:Kurs system 188:robotic arm 47:(June 2023) 3992:Categories 3860:Mechanisms 3760:August 17, 3598:"Savinykh" 3299:Space News 3233:Space News 3053:August 21, 2995:August 10, 2931:January 9, 2298:October 3, 2070:References 2002:US segment 1807:March 2016 1749:using the 1727:Soyuz T-13 1672:Soyuz T-13 1657:autonomous 1632:Soyuz T-13 1599:kick motor 1589:to supply 1575:U.S. Space 1564:spacecraft 1516:spacecraft 1503:mission—a 1473:autonomous 1070:Tiangong 1 770:and ESA's 723:SSVP-G4000 521:redundancy 501:ungendered 414:docked to 377:Kosmos 188 373:Kosmos 186 42:in Chinese 3946:Canadarm2 3648:captured. 3608:August 5, 3582:August 5, 3475:March 20, 3441:August 9, 3375:April 11, 3309:March 20, 3278:March 28, 3243:March 15, 3206:March 15, 3166:March 21, 2901:March 19, 2825:March 17, 2799:March 17, 2744:March 16, 2433:March 17, 2314:"History" 2117:March 31, 2061:from the 1965:hard dock 1961:soft dock 1908:does not 1883:Grappling 1795:talk page 1568:U.S. firm 1461:Hikoboshi 1208:Berthing 1180:Passive ( 1178:, Orion); 1114:Chang'e 5 1101:Used for 1006:Berthing 495:Androgyny 350:Apollo 13 346:Apollo 10 156:Canadarm2 101:talk page 3941:Canadarm 3828:Adapters 3715:June 25, 3682:June 25, 3558:33288798 3516:43527059 3496:Robotica 3428:12165186 3083:July 27, 2957:April 7, 2718:April 9, 2692:July 30, 2668:NASA.gov 2408:Archived 2324:June 23, 2263:April 9, 2231:March 4, 2151:March 4, 1859:realtime 1846:attitude 1789:You may 1723:Salyut 7 1713:Salyut 6 1636:Salyut 7 1628:de-orbit 1544:Intelsat 1528:Canadarm 1520:Canadian 1435:Salyut 7 1427:berthing 1283:mission. 1262:Adapters 1239:Docking 1214:Used by 1107:uncrewed 1062:Used by 1056:Docking 1012:Used on 948:Docking 903:Docking 864:Kristall 856:Docking 817:Docking 768:Progress 753:Salyut 1 749:Soyuz 11 745:Soyuz 10 727:Docking 684:Docking 644:Docking 600:Docking 566:Docking 505:gendered 490:Hardware 464:Columbia 454:Berthing 435:Progress 431:Salyut 6 416:Salyut 1 412:Soyuz 11 342:Apollo 9 311:Gemini 8 303:Gemini 7 291:Gemini 6 267:Gemini 8 184:Berthing 77:provide 3640:July 9, 3342:May 22, 2529:May 14, 2044:Gallery 1929:removed 1914:sources 1850:orbital 1745:of the 1715:mission 1610:STS-125 1571:ViviSat 1552:funding 1465:Orihime 1457:ETS-VII 1423:docking 1344:SSPA-GM 1317:APAS-95 1295:APAS-95 1273:APAS-75 1249:Prichal 1138:(IDSS) 978:Prichal 899:APAS-95 852:APAS-89 813:APAS-75 792:Rassvet 540:Method 471:STS-109 446:of the 393:Soyuz 5 389:Soyuz 4 385:Soyuz 2 381:Soyuz 3 199:Docking 194:History 180:Docking 99:to the 81:in the 44:. 3961:Lyappa 3893:Gemini 3872:Apollo 3556: 3514: 3426: 3416: 3176:AEHF-1 2646:. NASA 2601: 2238:power. 2186: 1546:was a 1307:STS-92 1303:STS-88 1034:Cygnus 959:Zvezda 776:Salyut 616:Skylab 546:Notes 534:Image 467:'s 420:Skylab 408:Salyut 359:, and 357:Skylab 3887:FREND 3843:(PMA) 3837:(IDA) 3754:(PDF) 3747:(PDF) 3744:2010" 3709:(PDF) 3702:(PDF) 3676:(PDF) 3669:(PDF) 3634:(PDF) 3627:(PDF) 3554:S2CID 3512:S2CID 3435:(PDF) 3424:S2CID 3398:(PDF) 3369:(PDF) 3362:(PDF) 3025:(PDF) 3018:(PDF) 2989:(PDF) 2982:(PDF) 2895:(PDF) 2888:(PDF) 2871:(PDF) 2864:(PDF) 2644:(PDF) 2523:(PDF) 2516:(PDF) 2487:(PDF) 2480:(PDF) 2427:(PDF) 2292:(PDF) 2285:(PDF) 2225:(PDF) 2218:(PDF) 2145:(PDF) 2111:(PDF) 1797:, or 1707:with 1647:of a 1103:China 1022:MPLMs 974:Nauka 971:Poisk 963:Zarya 876:Buran 764:Soyuz 549:Type 537:Name 369:Soyuz 61:DeepL 3966:TORU 3956:Kurs 3951:Igla 3925:USIS 3920:SSVP 3903:IBDM 3898:IDSS 3867:APAS 3762:2018 3717:2012 3684:2012 3642:2011 3610:2013 3584:2013 3523:2014 3477:2014 3443:2011 3414:ISBN 3377:2012 3344:2009 3311:2011 3280:2011 3245:2011 3208:2011 3168:2011 3135:2021 3110:2021 3085:2011 3055:2018 3033:2014 2997:2012 2959:2018 2933:2015 2903:2014 2827:2015 2801:2015 2775:2012 2746:2015 2720:2023 2694:2021 2652:2011 2599:ISBN 2569:2012 2531:2016 2495:2011 2435:2015 2377:2021 2369:NASA 2351:2021 2326:2010 2300:2018 2265:2023 2233:2011 2184:ISBN 2153:2011 2119:2015 1912:any 1910:cite 1864:and 1848:and 1751:Kurs 1645:test 1577:and 1550:and 1534:for 1463:and 1425:and 1338:and 1242:Yes 1211:Yes 1144:Yes 1059:Yes 1018:USOS 1009:Yes 967:Pirs 951:Yes 906:Yes 859:Yes 820:Yes 778:and 747:and 730:Yes 603:Yes 391:and 375:and 365:Igla 316:The 75:must 73:You 3908:NDS 3546:doi 3504:doi 3406:doi 1923:by 1579:ATK 1538:in 1444:Mir 1437:or 1299:ISS 1293:to 1182:IDA 1105:'s 1098:No 1026:HTV 1020:), 1014:ISS 961:to 870:), 784:ISS 780:Mir 772:ATV 757:Mir 687:No 647:No 569:No 486:). 309:on 229:by 63:or 3994:: 3731:^ 3719:. 3656:^ 3644:. 3552:. 3542:18 3540:. 3510:. 3500:28 3498:. 3494:. 3468:. 3456:^ 3445:. 3422:. 3412:. 3400:. 3385:^ 3313:. 3297:. 3266:. 3247:. 3231:. 3210:. 3194:. 3170:. 3159:. 3143:^ 3126:. 3101:. 3005:^ 2967:^ 2919:. 2829:. 2803:. 2748:. 2711:. 2683:. 2654:. 2625:. 2607:. 2577:^ 2560:. 2539:^ 2503:^ 2461:^ 2437:. 2367:. 2342:. 2273:^ 2254:. 2235:. 2198:^ 2164:^ 2155:. 2131:^ 2121:. 2078:^ 1542:. 1236:) 1184:) 1171:. 1155:, 1151:, 1120:. 1032:, 1028:, 1024:, 980:) 969:, 965:, 945:) 874:, 866:, 766:, 450:. 3795:e 3788:t 3781:v 3764:. 3740:" 3686:. 3612:. 3586:. 3560:. 3548:: 3525:. 3506:: 3479:. 3408:: 3379:. 3346:. 3282:. 3137:. 3112:. 3087:. 3057:. 3035:. 2999:. 2961:. 2935:. 2905:. 2777:. 2722:. 2696:. 2629:. 2571:. 2533:. 2497:. 2393:. 2379:. 2353:. 2328:. 2302:. 2267:. 2192:. 1950:) 1944:( 1939:) 1935:( 1931:. 1917:. 1820:) 1814:( 1809:) 1805:( 1787:. 1475:/ 1118:6 1116:/ 1016:( 473:. 252:) 246:( 241:) 237:( 223:. 110:. 103:.

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