871:, died without either leaving male issue or adopting an heir before his death, although his senior widow subsequently adopted her daughter's son as the successor to the family headship. The Indian government, however, decided that in consequence of the ruler's death, the constitutional status of the family had lapsed. The doctrine of lapse was likewise invoked the following year when the last recognized ruler of
448:(1856) is widely believed to have been annexed under the doctrine, but in fact was annexed by Dalhousie under the pretext of mis-governance. Mostly claiming that the ruler was not ruling properly, the Company added about four million pounds sterling to its annual revenue by this doctrine. However, Udaipur State would later have local princely rule reinstated in 1860.
478:, ruled by Kittur Rani Chennamma (the queen at the time), was taken over by the East India Company in 1824, when after the death of her husband and son she adopted a new son and attempted to make him heir to the throne, which the British refused to accept. This development has similarities with the later 'doctrine of lapse', which the
553:
Most of the rulers of the remaining states which had not yet been annexed by the
British were in a weak position against their mighty forces. Not willing to spend huge amounts of money and soldiers, the Indian rulers had little option but to give in to this policy. This caused increased resentment
393:, would have its princely status abolished, and therefore be annexed into directly ruled British India, if the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent or died without a male heir". This supplanted the long-established right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to choose a successor.
408:
between 1848 and 1856. However, the doctrine was articulated by the Court of
Directors of the Company as early as 1834, and several smaller states had already been annexed under this doctrine before Dalhousie took over the post of Governor-General.
1128:
373:
to derecognise individual princely families until 1971, when the recognition of former ruling families was discontinued under the 26th amendment to the Indian constitution by the
1411:
278:
1121:
1406:
397:
273:
1284:
1114:
1260:
314:
1344:
1326:
1242:
1206:
166:
1278:
1266:
1254:
506:
The doctrine of lapse was widely considered illegitimate by many
Indians. By 1848, the British had immense power in India, since they were the
1368:
1290:
1152:
363:
1141:
894:
471:
Dalhousie vigorously applied the lapse doctrine for annexing Indian princely states, but the policy was not solely his invention.
1442:
973:
1045:
479:
307:
288:
451:
With the increasing power of the East India
Company, discontent simmered among many sections of Indian society, included
283:
120:
1457:
1452:
924:
232:
17:
889:
161:
1447:
531:
300:
89:
69:
1392:
257:
1380:
831:
437:
64:
1062:
456:
94:
938:
1088:
1182:
482:
of the East India
Company articulated early in 1834. As per this policy, the Company annexed
441:
348:
191:
1106:
242:
211:
186:
181:
84:
8:
1462:
390:
370:
340:
79:
49:
1188:
867:
In late 1964, Maharaja
Rajendra Prakash of Sirmur, the last recognized former ruler of
547:
452:
336:
252:
216:
176:
156:
54:
463:
of India, whose rule replaced that of the East India
Company, renounced the doctrine.
1041:
969:
920:
519:
515:
511:
459:, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. Following the rebellion, in 1858, the new British
201:
151:
135:
130:
559:
401:
369:
Elements of the doctrine of lapse continued to be applied by the post-independence
247:
206:
125:
115:
412:
By the use of the doctrine of lapse, the
Company took over the princely states of
1356:
1164:
995:
963:
791:
689:
527:
421:
344:
237:
226:
171:
110:
1386:
1320:
1308:
1194:
1176:
1137:
1011:
919:. Grove Press Books, distributed by Publishers Group West. United States: 2000
872:
841:
755:
611:
523:
389:
of the East India
Company, the dominant imperial power in the Indian system of
35:
1436:
1302:
1212:
851:
649:
417:
405:
374:
356:
196:
1362:
1332:
1314:
1296:
1272:
1248:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
868:
801:
699:
679:
669:
659:
491:
487:
433:
429:
413:
221:
44:
1350:
1200:
1170:
1158:
773:
727:
631:
621:
601:
591:
555:
445:
352:
1421:
1374:
1338:
968:. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 653.
821:
386:
332:
912:
535:
1077:
Swan, O. B. (2020). Inspired
History - Class 8. ORIENT BLACK SWAN.
884:
745:
543:
460:
455:
soldiers; these rallied behind the deposed dynasties during the
717:
483:
475:
425:
385:
According to the doctrine, any Indian princely state under the
811:
565:
539:
495:
59:
1136:
27:
Policy of the East India Company regarding princely states
1002:; 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 1989, pp. 226-28.
534:, as well as the indirect rulers of princely states of
965:
Historical Dictionary of the British Empire - Volume 2
501:
466:
1407:
List of princely states of British India (by region)
1087:
347:, and applied until the year 1858, the year after
1434:
1089:Succession to the Gaddis of Sirmur and Akalkot
1122:
1040:. New Age International (P) Ltd. p. 50.
428:(1850), Udaipur (Chhattisgarh State) (1852),
364:James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie
308:
962:Olson, James Stuart; Shadle, Robert (1996).
396:The policy is most commonly associated with
961:
943:. Calcutta: Srimati S. Chaudhuri. p. 7
895:Presidencies and provinces of British India
1129:
1115:
1080:
566:Princely states annexed under the doctrine
315:
301:
1035:
510:direct rulers of territories such as the
936:
167:Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States
940:The Sepoy Mutiny and The Revolt of 1857
862:
14:
1435:
989:
1110:
1031:
1029:
1092:(Report). Government of India. 1967
558:, and was one of the causes of the
502:The impact of the doctrine of lapse
400:, who was the East India Company's
24:
1026:
930:
906:
467:Doctrine of lapse before Dalhousie
25:
1474:
1064:Annals of India for the Year 1848
1060:
890:List of princely states of India
875:died in similar circumstances.
1071:
1054:
1017:
1005:
955:
13:
1:
1443:History of the British Empire
900:
70:Residencies of British India
1412:Princely states alphabetical
362:The policy was initiated by
229:and Western Rajputana Agency
7:
878:
380:
10:
1479:
1402:
1148:
227:Mewar (Udaipur) Residency
162:Baroda and Gujarat States
65:Agencies of British India
1458:Princely states of India
1453:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1012:Udaipur (Princely State)
457:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1067:. Indian Culture, 1849.
1038:History of Modern India
1036:S. N. Sen, ed. (2006).
1023:Wolpert (1989), p. 240.
556:British Empire in India
95:Instrument of Accession
1448:Legal history of India
1000:A New History of India
474:The princely state of
103:Individual residencies
1393:Udaipur, Chhattisgarh
937:Majumdar, RC (1957).
351:was succeeded by the
329:doctrine of lapsation
1014:, indianrajputs.com
863:In independent India
391:subsidiary alliances
258:Western India States
90:Standstill agreement
571:
550:, and many others.
341:Indian subcontinent
233:North-West Frontier
80:Political pensioner
50:British paramountcy
1189:Carnatic Sultanate
570:
480:Court of Directors
337:East India Company
55:Chamber of Princes
1430:
1429:
1417:Doctrine of lapse
975:978-0-313-27917-1
860:
859:
371:Indian government
335:initiated by the
325:
324:
202:Gwalior Residency
121:Jammu and Kashmir
75:Doctrine of lapse
18:Doctrine of Lapse
16:(Redirected from
1470:
1185:(as state, 1801)
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1047:978-8122-41774-6
1033:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
996:Wolpert, Stanley
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
934:
928:
917:India: A History
910:
572:
569:
560:Uprising of 1857
402:Governor General
331:was a policy of
317:
310:
303:
274:States by region
207:Jaipur Residency
32:
31:
21:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1398:
1279:Kolaba (Colaba)
1144:
1138:Princely states
1135:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1061:Buist, George.
1059:
1055:
1048:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1006:
994:
990:
980:
978:
976:
960:
956:
946:
944:
935:
931:
911:
907:
903:
881:
865:
709:Kannanur State
575:Princely state
568:
504:
469:
383:
345:princely states
321:
126:Mysore (Maisur)
116:Indore (Holkar)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1191:(Arcot) (1855)
1186:
1180:
1177:Bijairaghogarh
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1111:
1104:
1103:
1079:
1070:
1053:
1046:
1025:
1016:
1004:
988:
974:
954:
929:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
892:
887:
880:
877:
873:Akkalkot State
864:
861:
858:
857:
854:
848:
847:
844:
838:
837:
834:
828:
827:
824:
818:
817:
814:
808:
807:
804:
798:
797:
794:
788:
787:
784:
783:Ramgarh State
780:
779:
776:
770:
769:
766:
762:
761:
758:
752:
751:
748:
742:
741:
738:
734:
733:
730:
724:
723:
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706:
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702:
696:
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686:
685:
682:
676:
675:
672:
666:
665:
662:
656:
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652:
646:
645:
642:
641:Jaintia State
638:
637:
634:
628:
627:
624:
618:
617:
614:
608:
607:
604:
598:
597:
594:
588:
587:
584:
580:
579:
576:
567:
564:
522:Presidencies,
503:
500:
468:
465:
382:
379:
323:
322:
320:
319:
312:
305:
297:
294:
293:
292:
291:
289:Maratha States
286:
281:
279:States by name
276:
268:
267:
263:
262:
261:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
224:
219:
214:
209:
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192:Eastern States
189:
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133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
105:
104:
100:
99:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
39:
38:
36:Princely state
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1475:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
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1441:
1440:
1438:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1395:(1854 - 1860)
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
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1349:
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1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1142:British India
1139:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1090:
1083:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1001:
997:
992:
977:
971:
967:
966:
958:
942:
941:
933:
926:
925:0-8021-3797-0
922:
918:
914:
909:
905:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
876:
874:
870:
855:
853:
850:
849:
845:
843:
840:
839:
835:
833:
830:
829:
825:
823:
820:
819:
815:
813:
810:
809:
805:
803:
800:
799:
795:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
781:
777:
775:
772:
771:
767:
764:
763:
759:
757:
754:
753:
749:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
735:
731:
729:
726:
725:
721:
719:
716:
715:
711:
708:
707:
703:
701:
698:
697:
693:
691:
688:
687:
683:
681:
678:
677:
673:
671:
668:
667:
663:
661:
658:
657:
653:
651:
648:
647:
643:
640:
639:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
613:
610:
609:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:
593:
590:
589:
585:
582:
581:
578:Year annexed
577:
574:
573:
563:
561:
557:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
499:
497:
494:in 1840, and
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
464:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
407:
406:British India
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
378:
376:
375:Indira Gandhi
372:
367:
365:
360:
358:
357:British Crown
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
318:
313:
311:
306:
304:
299:
298:
296:
295:
290:
287:
285:
284:Rajput States
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
270:
269:
265:
264:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
243:Punjab States
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
212:Madras States
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
187:Deccan States
185:
183:
182:Central India
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
148:
147:
143:
142:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
107:
106:
102:
101:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
46:
43:
42:
41:
40:
37:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1416:
1339:Oudh (Awadh)
1096:13 September
1094:. Retrieved
1082:
1073:
1063:
1056:
1037:
1019:
1007:
999:
991:
979:. Retrieved
964:
957:
945:. Retrieved
939:
932:
916:
908:
869:Sirmur State
866:
737:Kullu State
554:against the
552:
507:
505:
473:
470:
450:
411:
395:
384:
377:government.
368:
361:
349:Company rule
328:
326:
74:
45:Salute state
29:
1317:(1890-1893)
1239:(1832-1840)
1165:Ballabhgarh
1140:annexed by
728:Ballabhgarh
622:Banda State
353:British Raj
253:Rewa Kantha
217:Mahi Kantha
177:Bundelkhand
157:Baluchistan
85:Privy Purse
1463:Annexation
1437:Categories
1422:Annexation
913:Keay, John
901:References
530:, and the
387:suzerainty
355:under the
333:annexation
152:Bagelkhand
1357:Sambalpur
1285:Kozhikode
927:, p. 433.
792:Sambalpur
536:Rajasthan
498:in 1842.
486:in 1839,
453:disbanded
422:Sambalpur
398:Dalhousie
248:Rajputana
111:Hyderabad
1387:Tulsipur
1309:Kutlehar
1297:Kulpahar
1261:Kannanur
1195:Datarpur
1183:Carnatic
879:See also
842:Tulsipur
756:Kutlehar
548:Carnatic
508:de facto
444:(1855).
436:(1854),
432:(1854),
424:(1849),
416:(1848),
381:Doctrine
343:for the
238:Palanpur
172:Bhopawar
144:Agencies
1381:Tanjore
1345:Ramgarh
1327:Nargund
1303:Kurnool
1243:Kachari
1213:Jaitpur
1207:Jaintia
885:Escheat
852:Udaipur
832:Tanjore
765:Nagpur
746:Kurnool
650:Jaitpur
544:Patiala
461:Viceroy
438:Tanjore
418:Jaitpur
339:in the
1389:(1859)
1383:(1855)
1377:(1849)
1371:(1842)
1365:(1848)
1363:Satara
1359:(1849)
1353:(1849)
1351:Punjab
1347:(1858)
1341:(1854)
1335:(1849)
1333:Nurpur
1329:(1858)
1323:(1854)
1321:Nagpur
1315:Makrai
1311:(1825)
1305:(1839)
1299:(1858)
1293:(1846)
1287:(1806)
1281:(1840)
1275:(1834)
1273:Kodagu
1269:(1824)
1267:Kittur
1263:(1819)
1257:(1805)
1255:Kanika
1251:(1846)
1249:Kangra
1245:(1830)
1237:Jubbal
1233:(1854)
1231:Jhansi
1227:(1849)
1225:Jaswan
1221:(1840)
1219:Jalaun
1215:(1849)
1209:(1835)
1203:(1813)
1197:(1848)
1179:(1858)
1173:(1840)
1167:(1867)
1161:(1858)
1155:(1848)
1044:
981:5 June
972:
947:5 June
923:
802:Satara
774:Punjab
718:Kittur
700:Kangra
690:Kachar
680:Jhansi
670:Jaswan
660:Jalaun
583:Angul
546:, the
532:Punjab
528:Mysore
520:Bengal
518:, and
516:Bombay
512:Madras
492:Jalaun
488:Colaba
484:Mandvi
476:Kittur
434:Nagpur
430:Jhansi
426:Baghat
414:Satara
197:Gilgit
136:Sikkim
131:Quilon
1369:Surat
1291:Kullu
1201:Guler
1171:Banki
1159:Banda
1153:Angul
856:1852
846:1854
836:1855
826:1849
816:1842
812:Surat
806:1848
796:1849
786:1858
778:1849
768:1853
760:1825
750:1839
740:1846
732:1858
722:1824
712:1819
704:1846
694:1830
684:1853
674:1849
664:1840
654:1849
644:1803
636:1813
632:Guler
626:1858
616:1838
612:Assam
606:1856
602:Awadh
596:1855
592:Arcot
586:1848
540:Sindh
524:Assam
496:Surat
446:Awadh
442:Arcot
266:Lists
222:Malwa
60:Jagir
1375:Siba
1098:2021
1042:ISBN
983:2022
970:ISBN
949:2022
921:ISBN
822:Siba
490:and
440:and
327:The
404:of
359:.
1439::
1028:^
998:.
915:.
562:.
542:,
538:,
526:,
514:,
420:,
366:.
1130:e
1123:t
1116:v
1100:.
1050:.
985:.
951:.
316:e
309:t
302:v
20:)
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