110:(otherwise known as the "AWA"), which has come to be regarded as the acceptable standard for animal treatment. Under the rules set forth by the act, a dog stock breeder should be licensed with the USDA, and is classified a "class A" dealer. This can be outlined partially as someone "whose business involving animals consists solely of animals that are bred and raised on the premises in a closed and stable colony and those animals acquired for the only purpose of maintaining or enhancing the breeding colony .. any individual who, in commerce for compensation or profit... sells ... any dog... to be used as a pet." In 1971 breeders became subject to standards issued by the USDA for humane handling and care of dogs. Similarly, "class B" dealers should also be licensed and accommodate AWA laws. In 1993, the USDA issued a final rule requiring that all pet dogs and cats be held for at least five days before being offered to an animal dealer, which must hold a license. This was done to prevent the sale of stolen pets and give pet owners a chance to locate lost or stolen animals.
166:
heating ventilation, lighting, and running potable water are all compulsory, as well as "disposable and drainage systems that are made and operated in order that animal wastes are eliminated and therefore the animals stay dry," per section 3.10. Temperatures in indoor housing should not fall below forty five degrees
Fahrenheit or rise higher than eighty five degrees for over four consecutive hours, and dogs should be provided with a daily lighting cycle. Furthermore, different kinds of animals should not be housed alongside other animals of which they are not compatible.
52:
95:, making them entirely illegal in some cases. These such laws have been termed "breed-specific legislation" and are often successfully challenged within the courts. A minimum of 2 states - Minnesota and Oklahoma - don't enable their municipalities to control possession of dogs in line with breed. Alternatively, the U.S. Supreme Court has refused to review two state supreme court decisions - in Kansas and Ohio - upholding ordinances that ban people from keeping pit bulls. These laws have also faced scrutiny outside of the United States, with the
294:
113:
These are primarily animal brokers or distributors who don't breed dogs and usually hold them in facilities and negotiate their sale to pet shops. Retail stores that sell dogs are not explicitly mentioned by any federal law, but several state regulations on such sales exists. The final classification
47:
Dogs in the United States have been involved in activities separate from their role in individual families. Dog racing started in 1919 after the opening of a greyhound track in
Emeryville, California, and continues to this day. Gambling on such races often occurs and, while it is usually not formally
74:
In 1975, no states had recorded a crime conviction for any dogfighting offenses. By 2000 participation in a dogfighting business was illegal in forty-five states, punishable by fines of up to $ 150,000 and a maximum number of 10 years in jail, depending on the state in which the crime was committed.
38:
A variety of
American dog breeds are noted to have been mixed with Spanish and French dog breeds. The European idea of registering dog breeds and breed clubs led to the foundation of Kennel Club in Great Britain in 1873. The American Kennel Club, prevalent in The United States, was highly influenced
206:
The dog population experienced relative stability from 1987 to 1996, before seeing a yearly increase of 3-4% since that time. In 2000, there were 68 million dogs in the country, and by 2017 that estimate had grown to 90 million registered as pets, with about 40% of
American households owning a dog.
87:
Due to the popularity of dog ownership, dog parks are now found in nearly every city of the country. However, this prevalence has led a few towns, agencies, and others to enforce restrictions. Some towns and urban areas don't permit occupants to have certain types of big-sized dogs, while insurance
75:
One notable case occurred in 1998, when, during a police raid, about 55 dogs were found in the
California home of Cesar Cerda. It was later determined that Cerda used them for dogfighting. Following a conviction on 63 counts concerning animal cruelty, Cerda was given a jail sentence of 6–7 years.
173:
Other practices considered commonplace in the United States are criticized or forbidden abroad. One such instance is the intentional ear cropping and tail docking of specific dogs routinely carried out in the United States for cosmetic purposes. These acts are prohibited in
England and few other
165:
AWA laws for dogs start with general housing standards. According to the act, the facilities at which dogs live are to be frequently maintained, and often cleaned and sanitized. In addition to this, facilities must effectively forestall escape, access by different animals, and injury. Cooling,
169:
Outside of the AWA, there are additional legal issues pertaining to dogs that are handled by both states and municipalities. The practice of pound seizure (permitting felines and canines to be taken from shelters for research or experimentation) was ordered by three states in 2000, this law
88:
agencies occasionally have similar regulations. Due to these actions, individuals are recommended to find out about local laws and regulations when considering a large canine. Additionally, numerous states have chain or leash laws that oblige canines to be on leash when they are outside.
78:
In 2009, FBI and the Humane
Society of Missouri carried out a raid in eight states, in which 407 dogs were collected and an estimated of twenty-six individuals were taken into custody. 17 suspects were found of guilty. This raid is considered as the "biggest Dogfighting raid" in the US.
71:. All fifty states have criminalized managing, sponsoring, promoting or operating a dogfighting enterprise or inciting dogs to fight, with dogfighting being a felony in 48 states. Several of those laws specifically exempt the employment of dogs for managing livestock and for hunting.
193:
Complementing internal efforts, dogs entering the country can be subjected to inspection, most significantly dogs being imported from a country where rabies is present. In the event that a dog is brought over from a country determined to be "rabies free" by the
34:
Some of the earliest archaeological traces of the existence of dogs in the United States can be dated back to 9,000 b.p. Dogs came to
America after crossing from Siberia to Alaska, and it was during this period that the domestication of dogs began in America.
210:
In 2012, there were 83.3 million dogs and about 47% of households had a dog. 70% of the owners had only one dog, 20% of the owners had two dogs, and 10% of the owners had three or more dogs. In 2017 there was an average of 1.5 pet dogs per household.
284:
workers. In 2006 there were over 72 million dogs in the United States with over 44.8 million households or 39% owning at least one dog and that was an increase from 34.1 million or 37% of households owning a dog in 1988.
114:
under the act is for individuals or business who are involved with displaying animals. Such entities are classified as C class and they are required to hold a Class C license. According to an estimate provided by
39:
by this
European predecessor. Currently, The American Kennel Club is the largest purebred dog registry, and registers more than 1 million dogs each year. The kennel club also organizes events for purebred dogs.
190:
on an annual basis. Since the 1950s, preventative measures have been taken against rabies for both domesticated and wild dogs. Such measures have eliminated canine rabies from the United States.
1500:
1083:
1471:"Animal Welfare : 9 CFR parts 2 and 3. Part IV, 9 CFR parts 1, 2, and 3 Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Animal welfare, final rules"
989:
850:
Hunting Dogs: Describes in a
Practical Manner the Training, Handling, Treatment, Breeds, Etc., Best Adapted for Night Hunting as Well as Gun Dogs for Daylight Sport
1429:"GAO-10-945, Animal Welfare USDA's Oversight of Dealers of Random Source Dogs and Cats Would Benefit from Additional Management Information and Analysis"
91:
After a rash of attacks within the mid-1980s, some leading to the deaths of toddlers, several American cities have severely restricted possession of
1863:
1507:
1318:
1363:
Animal Welfare: USDA¿s Oversight of Dealers of Random Source Dogs and Cats Would Benefit from Additional Management Information and Analysis
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233:
115:
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At least 4.5 – 4.7 million Americans are bitten by dogs every year. About 20 to 30 of these bites result in death, according to the
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authorized by law, is technically permitted in eighteen states. Of these eighteen, fifteen currently contain dog tracks.
106:
Additional regulations apply to those involved in the breeding or sale of dogs. Much of these regulations come from the
2031:
1084:"To pull off the biggest pit bull fighting bust in U.S. history, investigators went deep undercover. So did their dogs"
1130:
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832:
68:
1097:
1020:
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Sacks, Jeffrey J.; Sinclair, Leslie; Gilchrist, Julie; Golab, Gail C.; Lockwood, Randall (September 15, 2000).
361:
96:
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1399:"Random Source Dogs and Cats : 9 CFR parts 1 and 2. July 22, 1993. Federal Register 1993 v. 58 no. 139"
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nations. While not illegal in the United States, both the American Animal Hospital Association and the
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1978:
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have significant popularity and status – they are often treated as family members. Currently, the
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1864:"Breeds of dogs involved in fatal human attacks in the United States between 1979 and 1998"
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2008:
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118:(APHIS), in 2009 there were about 9,530 facilities provided or licensed under the AWA:
2000:
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1335:"Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research"
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Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research
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1667:. Government Printing Office, Office of the Federal Register (U S ). p. 477.
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Canine Sports & Games: Great Ways to Get Your Dog Fit and Have Fun Together!
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404:
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Miniature Schnauzers: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, and Behavior
2025:
1995:
1979:"Human fatalities resulting from dog attacks in the United States, 1979-2005"
1839:
1823:"Human Fatalities Resulting From Dog Attacks in the United States, 1979–2005"
1822:
819:
The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties
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established in 2004. Alternatively, twelve states now forbid this practice.
2004:
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409:
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513:
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444:
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Guidelines for the Treatment, Investigation, and Control of Animal Bites
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Dog Body, Dog Mind: Exploring Canine Consciousness and Total Well-Being
1056:
Forensic Science Advances and Their Application in the Judiciary System
301:
There are a number of dog breeds that originated in the United States:
245:
16:
Overview of the role and status of dogs in the United States of America
802:
Our Debt to the Dog: How the Domestic Dog Helped Shape Human Societies
293:
1706:"Number of dogs in the United States from 2000 to 2017 (in millions)"
1449:
475:
389:
264:, dog attacks on delivery workers has been increasing. The owner is
915:
Gambling in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Issues, and Society
1709:
503:
178:
are formally opposed to the ear cropping and tail docking of dogs.
92:
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56:
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of London and others have opposed breed specific legislation.
1871:
26:
is the largest registry of pure breed dogs across the world.
1648:
1861:
943:
647:
239:
1855:
1099:
350 Dogs Seized In Biggest Dogfighting Raid in US History
946:
Animal Cruelty and Freedom of Speech: When Worlds Collide
623:
Schools and Society: A Sociological Approach to Education
434:
1733:
Dogs: Domestication and the Development of a Social Bond
1316:
Licensing and Registration Under the Animal Welfare Act
910:
67:
Dogs are also occasionally used in illicit activities,
1787:
1785:
1783:
620:
Ballantine, Jeanne H.; Spade, Joan Z. (4 April 2011).
1763:"U.S. Pet Ownership and Shelter Population Estimates"
1653:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 667.
1387:
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook
272:
caused by the dog and the company is responsible for
1651:
Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control
280:. There were 5,400 reported dog attacks in 2021 on
1780:
742:"'A Dog's History of America' (washingtonpost.com)"
1613:. DIANE Publishing. 1 September 1993. p. 62.
1576:
1150:
912:
1224:. American Kennel Club. December 1989. p. 5.
1185:11 Riskiest Dog Breeds for Homeowners and Renters
218:, yet with fewer households having at least one.
186:Notably, many dogs in the country safely receive
2023:
1964:"How to Deal with Aggressive Dogs on Your Route"
957:
955:
1936:"Can a Delivery Driver Sue if Attacked by Dog?"
1450:"Laws and Regulations - Animal Use in Research"
891:"dog racing (sport) -- Encyclopædia Britannica"
682:. Clinton Gilkie. p. 2. GGKEY:ZYKP1E98AXG.
675:
619:
214:In comparison, in 2017 there were 94.2 million
1039:. Vibe Media Group. November 2000. p. 64.
728:This Tender Place: The Story of a Wetland Year
1922:"Instacart Delivery Person Dog Bite Accident"
1638:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 190–196.
1534:. National Academies Press. 2009. p. 20.
1475:Animal Welfare Act History Digital Collection
1403:Animal Welfare Act History Digital Collection
1355:
1353:
1351:
1078:
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952:
1144:
1142:
1053:Danielle Sapse; Lawrence Kobilinsky (2011).
1681:Free-Ranging Dogs and Wildlife Conservation
1671:
1255:
1814:
1736:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
1348:
1073:
804:. Carolina Academic Press. pp. 85–86.
799:
234:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
116:Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
1994:
1838:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1633:
1139:
1112:
1027:
773:"A History of Dogs in the Early Americas"
42:
1950:"The bite goes on | USPS News Link"
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292:
50:
1983:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
1976:
1827:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
1820:
1801:The Humane Society of the United States
1767:The Humane Society of the United States
1678:Gompper, Matthew E. (17 October 2013).
1677:
1583:. Barron's Educational Series. p.
1261:
1221:Pure-bred Dogs, American Kennel Gazette
961:
948:. Purdue University Press. p. 203.
697:Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition
692:
240:Delivery workers being attacked by dogs
176:American Veterinary Medical Association
2024:
1750:
1636:Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat
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862:
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228:Fatal dog attacks in the United States
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1649:Alfred S. Evans; Richard A. Kaslow.
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1292:Animal Breeding, Welfare and Society
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221:
1547:
1538:
1238:Soul Reflections: My Poetic Journey
990:"RANKING OF STATE DOGFIGHTING LAWS"
847:
701:. Oxford University Press. p.
13:
1548:Fox, Dr. Michael W. (2007-07-01).
1262:Curnutt, Jordan (1 January 2001).
1043:
962:Curnutt, Jordan (1 January 2001).
944:Abigail Perdue; Randall Lockwood.
725:
626:. Pine Forge Press. pp. 80–.
14:
2043:
1265:Animals and the Law: A Sourcebook
965:Animals and the Law: A Sourcebook
198:, an inspection is not required.
1821:Langley, Ricky L. (March 2009).
1366:. DIANE Publishing. p. 4–.
1289:Turner, Jacky (12 August 2010).
1149:Hart, Joyce (1 September 2007).
911:William Norman Thompson (2001).
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1481:from the original on 2021-04-22
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1409:from the original on 2020-10-27
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1380:
1327:
1309:
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1157:. Marshall Cavendish. pp.
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1013:
982:
937:
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863:Biniok, Janice (January 2009).
856:
841:
658:from the original on 2020-02-28
381:Black and Tan Virginia Foxhound
181:
1730:Morey, Darcy (12 April 2010).
1268:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 285–286.
1241:. Tenisha Idowu. pp. 6–.
968:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 120–290.
808:
793:
765:
734:
719:
686:
669:
640:
613:
362:American Staffordshire Terrier
97:British Veterinary Association
1:
1554:. Globe Pequot. p. 160.
1501:"USDA Compliance Inspections"
1360:Shames, Lisa (January 2011).
1121:. Storey Publishing. p.
607:
486:Miniature Australian Shepherd
288:
201:
82:
1665:Public Health Parts 1 to 399
1235:Idowu, Arike (August 2009).
1182:Leefeldt, Ed (30 May 2012).
869:. Eldorado Ink. p. 26.
7:
1113:Mehus-Roe, Kristin (2009).
585:
481:Miniature American Shepherd
268:for any damage, injury, or
10:
2048:
1885:10.2460/javma.2000.217.836
1684:. OUP Oxford. p. 26.
1295:. Routledge. p. 137.
1059:. CRC Press. p. 271.
800:D. Cummins, Bryan (2013).
602:Fauna of the United States
332:American English Coonhound
225:
29:
2032:Dogs in the United States
1634:E. Greene, Craig (2013).
679:Pet Health Care Insurance
564:Treeing Tennessee Brindle
357:American Pit Bull Terrier
347:American Hairless Terrier
297:American Pit Bull Terrier
276:if the worker decides to
196:World Health Organization
69:most notably dog fighting
20:Dogs in the United States
1996:10.1580/08-WEME-OR-213.1
1840:10.1580/08-WEME-OR-213.1
1797:Animal Sheltering Online
569:Treeing Walker Coonhound
425:Chesapeake Bay Retriever
1977:Langley, R. L. (2009).
1575:Rugh, Karla S. (2009).
592:List of U.S. state dogs
544:Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
377:Black and Tan Coonhound
327:American Cocker Spaniel
1321:June 16, 2012, at the
852:. Harding. p. 34.
730:. Terrace. p. 31.
693:Miklósi, Ãdám (2007).
554:Toy Manchester Terrier
499:Olde English Bulldogge
495:Old Time Farm Shepherd
367:American Water Spaniel
352:American Leopard Hound
298:
64:
43:In economic activities
1793:"Pets by the numbers"
1021:"Sentence criticized"
676:Jennifer P. Terrell.
296:
274:workers' compensation
54:
919:. ABC-CLIO. p.
815:Palika, Liz (2007).
24:American Kennel Club
1086:. 1 September 2010.
747:The Washington Post
529:Shiloh Shepherd Dog
471:Majestic Tree Hound
372:Australian Shepherd
337:American Eskimo Dog
216:pet cats in the USA
778:The New York Times
652:Dog Breed Profiles
467:Longhaired Whippet
395:Bluetick coonhound
299:
108:Animal Welfare Act
65:
1743:978-0-521-76006-5
1691:978-0-19-164011-7
1620:978-0-7881-0135-9
1594:978-0-7641-4245-1
1561:978-1-59921-661-4
1373:978-1-4379-4027-5
1302:978-1-136-54187-2
1275:978-1-57607-147-2
1248:978-1-4486-5218-1
1168:978-0-7614-2707-0
975:978-1-57607-147-2
930:978-1-57607-159-5
876:978-1-932904-48-2
848:Hartley, Oliver.
823:. Wiley. p.
750:. Washington DC:
712:978-0-19-929585-2
633:978-1-4129-7924-5
519:Redbone Coonhound
415:Catahoula Bulldog
342:American Foxhound
244:With the rise of
222:Fatal dog attacks
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440:English Shepherd
322:American Bulldog
317:Alaskan Malamute
312:Alaskan Klee Kai
262:grocery delivery
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549:Toy Fox Terrier
524:Salish Wool Dog
450:Hare Indian Dog
385:Black Mouth Cur
291:
254:parcel delivery
242:
230:
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101:The Kennel Club
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59:family with an
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491:Mountain Cur
410:Carolina Dog
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514:Rat Terrier
509:Plott Hound
445:Feist (dog)
1517:2014-08-20
1006:2014-08-20
866:The Poodle
781:. New York
662:2020-02-28
608:References
289:Dog breeds
246:E-commerce
202:Statistics
83:Regulation
1455:20 August
1434:21 August
1340:21 August
1204:ignored (
1194:cite book
896:23 August
476:McNab dog
390:Blue Lacy
248:and more
127:Estimate
93:Pit bulls
63:from 1915
2026:Category
2013:35640704
2005:19364181
1901:10817039
1893:10997153
1849:19364181
1710:Statista
1479:Archived
1407:Archived
1319:Archived
1153:Big Dogs
656:Archived
586:See also
504:Pit bull
1772:12 July
785:12 July
757:12 July
464:Kyi-Leo
236:(CDC).
57:Inupiat
30:History
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159:1,257
151:2,732
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1000:(PDF)
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1845:PMID
1808:2017
1774:2014
1738:ISBN
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1487:2020
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1036:Vibe
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282:USPS
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