693:
2220:"the first element sometimes said to have been perhaps dag — compare dagger and dag (v.) "to pierce or stab" (1630s, perhaps 15c.). The trees have hard, white wood that was said to have been used in making butchers' skewers; another name for it was skewer-wood. This explanation is as old as the word itself in English, but the form *dagwood is not attested. Another guess is that the tree was given the name in reference to its fruit, which was called dogberry from 1550s, and dog (n.) had implications of "cheap, inferior" (i.e. "fit for a dog")."
147:
383:
171:
430:
464:
443:
417:
477:
405:
761:, now refers to an element of the traction of a horse-drawn cart linking the draw pole of the cart to the harnesses of the horses in file. In this sense it is first recorded in 1733. This mechanism was usually made from oak or ash (and not from dogwood), and it is unlikely that there is a connection to the name for
920:
Dogwoods are widely planted horticulturally, and the dense wood of the larger-stemmed species is valued for certain specialized purposes. Cutting boards and fine turnings can be made from this fine grained and beautiful wood. Over 32 different varieties of game birds, including quail, feed on the red
663:
The name "dog-tree" entered the
English vocabulary before 1548, becoming "dogwood" by 1614. Once the name dogwood was affixed to this kind of tree, it soon acquired a secondary name as the hound's tree, while the fruits came to be known as "dogberries" or "houndberries" (the latter a name also for
1032:
Dense and fine-grained, dogwood timber has a density of 0.79 and is highly prized for making loom shuttles, tool handles, roller skates and other small items that require a very hard and strong wood. Though it is tough for woodworking, some artisans favor dogwood for small projects such as
974:
shrubs that grow naturally in wet habitats and along waterways. Several of these are used along highways and in naturalizing landscape plantings, especially those species with bright red or bright yellow stems, particularly conspicuous in winter, such as
2762:
Nowicki, Marcin; Boggess, Sarah L.; Saxton, Arnold M.; Hadziabdic, Denita; Xiang, Qiu-Yun Jenny; Molnar, Thomas; Huff, Matthew L.; Staton, Margaret E.; Zhao, Yichen (2018-10-23). Heinze, Berthold (ed.).
1024:
is commonly cultivated in southeastern Europe for its showy, edible berries, that have the color of the carnelian gemstone. Cornelian-cherries have one seed each and are used in syrups and preserves.
2138:
2897:
840:
are both tart and sweet when completely ripe. They have been eaten in
Eastern Europe for centuries, both as food and medicine to fight colds and flus. They are very high in
2733:"Species level phylogeny of the genus Cornus (Cornaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence—implications for taxonomy and Tertiary intercontinental migration"
3106:
1237:
1229:
1710:
1351:
1135:
are given below. In addition, cultivated species occasionally persist or spread from plantings beyond their native ranges, but are rarely if ever locally
2527:
2289:
1580:
1309:
3060:
2765:"Haplotyping of Cornus florida and C. kousa chloroplasts: Insights into species-level differences and patterns of plastic DNA variation in cultivars"
1053:("woods"). Dogwood lumber is rare in that it is not readily available with any manufacturer and must be cut down by the person(s) wanting to use it.
1505:
1165:
793:
have four parts. In many species, the flowers are borne separately in open (but often dense) clusters, while in various other species (such as the
3329:
2240:
ook, firre, birch, asp, alder, holm, popler / wilow, elm, plane, ash, box, chasteyn, lind, laurer / mapul, thorn, beech, hasel, ew, whipultre
2142:
3368:
2097:
Qiu-Yun (Jenny) Xiang; David T. Thomas; Wenheng Zhang; Steven R. Manchester & Zack
Murrell (2006). "Species level phylogeny of the genus
2487:"Dogwood." McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Credo Reference. Web. 17 September 2012.
3517:
3417:
1056:
Larger items have also been occasionally made of dogwood, such as the screw-in basket-style wine or fruit presses. The first kinds of
3277:
2517:"Dogwood or cornel." The Columbia Encyclopedia. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. Credo Reference. Web. 17 September 2012.
3342:
3290:
2101:(Cornaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence – implications for taxonomy and Tertiary intercontinental migration".
689:
from at least the 1550s, where the implication could be that the quality of the berry is inferior, as it were "fit for a dog".
2470:
3103:
559:
Eurasia and North
America, with China, Japan, and the southeastern United States being particularly rich in native species.
3347:
1070:
were used by U.S. pioneers to brush their teeth. They would peel off the bark, bite the twig and then scrub their teeth.
781:
curving distinctively as they approach the leaf margins. Most dogwood species have opposite leaves, while a few, such as
1917:
in spring, presumably because farmers believed it was not safe to plant their crops until after the dogwoods blossomed.
681:"skewer", as the wood of the tree was said to have been used to make butcher's skewers. This is uncertain, as the form
2564:
2176:
2168:
955:
stated, "There is a dogwood for almost every part of the U.S. except the hottest and driest areas". In contrast, in
3471:
1759:(Eurasian dwarf cornel or bunchberry). Northern Eurasia, locally in extreme northeast and northwest North America.
3373:
3316:
588:
of eastern Asia, and two low-growing boreal species, the
Canadian and Eurasian dwarf cornels (or bunchberries),
3522:
3466:
3435:
2370:
3355:
653:
2531:
2293:
3064:
2946:
Manchester, S.R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno
Formation, Oregon".
1112:
3186:
1363:(northern swamp dogwood or gray dogwood). Northeastern and central U.S., and extreme southeastern Canada.
989:
3269:
3243:
3430:
2395:
453:
1763:
1466:
Umbellate cymes; bracts modified, non-petaloid; fruits oblong, red; stone walls filled with cavities:
388:
3383:
3295:
2096:
3036:
2880:
3512:
2345:
170:
38:
2445:
516:, which can generally be distinguished by their blossoms, berries, and distinctive bark. Most are
3422:
3264:
2999:
2420:
753:
31:
17:
2731:
Zhiang, Qiu-Yun; Thomas, David T.; Zhang, Wenheng; Manchester, Steven R.; Murrell, Zack (2006).
3409:
3238:
3129:
1131:
with four subgroups and ten subgenera supported by molecular phylogeny. Geographical ranges as
657:
3334:
2263:
1411:
3404:
1920:
1796:
1744:
1258:
993:
2830:
2556:
The
Chinese Medicinal Herb Farm: A Cultivator's Guide to Small-scale Organic Herb Production
2504:
692:
3396:
3212:
2776:
2636:
2255:
2243:
1682:
1087:
1034:
713:
603:
Depending on botanical interpretation, the dogwoods are variously divided into one to nine
3115:
8:
2260:
A Student's
Pastime: Being a Select Series of Articles Reprinted from "Notes and Queries"
2015:) is sometimes itself included in a more broadly taken concept of the otherwise Eurasian
1518:
1443:
1095:
1067:
2780:
2640:
3479:
3251:
2928:
2807:
2764:
2705:
2660:
2652:
2603:
2120:
2074:
2041:
1525:
1451:
1317:
1221:
1107:
1091:
977:
876:
362:
165:
3256:
1913:
use in the
American Southeast, especially Appalachia, is sometimes used to describe a
816:
with one or two seeds, often brightly colorful. The drupes of species in the subgenus
685:
was never attested. It is also possible that the tree was named for its berry, called
656:, the Greek word for "cherry", which itself is of pre-Greek origin but reminiscent of
146:
3391:
3199:
2812:
2794:
2732:
2713:
2586:
2560:
2204:
2172:
2164:
2079:
1882:
1818:
1739:
1614:
1403:
1253:
1038:
794:
718:
590:
468:
448:
434:
3017:
2932:
2664:
1955:, treated separately here, is sometimes included in a more broadly taken concept of
1666:
Bracts 4, large and petaloid, fruits red, fused into a compound multi-stoned berry.
836:
have a sweet, tropical pudding like flavor in addition to hard pits. The fruits of
3484:
3204:
3167:
2920:
2802:
2784:
2695:
2644:
2627:
2595:
2112:
2069:
2059:
1878:
1872:
1843:
1780:
1768:
1647:
1642:
1481:
1416:
1375:
1371:(round-leaf dogwood). Northeastern and north-central U.S., and southeastern Canada.
1322:
1173:
1151:; bracts minute, nonmodified; fruits globose or subglobose, white, blue, or black:
1136:
956:
709:
578:
564:
556:
536:
502:
3191:
3178:
2498:
1893:
are the state tree and the state flower respectively for the U.S. Commonwealth of
1725:
Minute corymbose cymes; bracts 4, petaloid; fruit globose, red; rhizomatous herb:
675:
The name was explained, from as early as the 16th century itself, as derived from
3507:
3110:
2965:
2789:
2554:
2103:
1867:
1748:
1670:
1556:
1447:(pagoda dogwood or alternate-leaf dogwood). Eastern U.S. and southeastern Canada.
1359:
1301:
1289:
868:
208:
3458:
3360:
1098:
made a tea from the bark to treat pain and fevers, and used dogwood leaves in a
1902:
1755:
1743:(Canadian dwarf cornel or bunchberry) Northern North America, southward in the
1634:
1549:
1395:
1383:
1343:
1281:
1273:
1245:
934:
665:
596:
571:
421:
195:
1638:(flowering dogwood). U.S. east of the Great Plains, north to southern Ontario.
677:
382:
3501:
3152:
2798:
1910:
1890:
1863:
1544:
1367:
1294:
1210:
1205:
1148:
1132:
1060:
872:
552:
535:. Several species have small heads of inconspicuous flowers surrounded by an
393:
392:, the tiny four-petaled flowers are clustered in a tightly packed, flattened
293:
271:
104:
45:
3448:
2816:
2717:
2163:
Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge
University Press.
2083:
1698:
1262:
952:
949:
822:
584:
548:
279:
2222:
3303:
3161:
1486:
1193:
864:
498:
79:
2124:
1971:, here recognized separately, has been included in a broader concept of
3282:
2855:
2709:
2656:
2648:
2607:
2064:
1906:
1651:
1561:
1513:
1347:(pale dogwood). Northeastern and central U.S., and southeastern Canada.
1214:
1020:
881:
828:
628:
409:
287:
124:
89:
732:
in Chaucer is unetymological, the word would have been Middle English
3308:
3225:
2116:
1923:
gives a vivid description of the dogwood tree in her poem "Dogwood".
1914:
1788:
1046:
985:
945:
841:
778:
532:
528:
517:
505:
463:
429:
254:
129:
73:
62:
3123:
2700:
2679:
2599:
736:). The tree was so named for waving its branches, c.f. Middle Dutch
652:
means "horn", presumably applied to the cherry after the example of
442:
3443:
3146:
2924:
1898:
1894:
1792:
1675:
1099:
1057:
608:
416:
244:
234:
221:
119:
114:
99:
94:
84:
66:
3230:
1127:
The following classification recognizes a single, inclusive genus
801:, but surrounded by four to six large, typically white petal-like
476:
3321:
1691:
1266:
1198:
1083:
494:
457:
134:
109:
1387:(red osier dogwood). Northern and western North America, except
2040:
Atkinson, Brian A.; Stockey, Ruth A.; Rothwell, Gar W. (2016).
1823:
1784:
1388:
1330:
971:
941:
797:), the flowers themselves are tightly clustered, lacking showy
790:
669:
540:
404:
3217:
2761:
2050:
1585:
1534:
1530:
1042:
860:
849:
813:
809:
802:
798:
604:
544:
524:
490:
397:
182:
2625:: puzzles and progress in the systematics of the dogwoods".
832:
are sold commercially as edible fruit trees. The fruits of
2730:
1687:
1050:
853:
774:
520:
2042:"Cretaceous origin of dogwoods: an anatomically preserved
1169:. East Asia from Pakistan through the Himalayas and China.
2978:
Landscape Plants: Images, identification, and information
2906:) in the Paleocene and Eocene of the Northern Hemisphere"
2046:(Cornaceae) fruit from the Campanian of Vancouver Island"
1995:
is sometimes included in a more broadly taken concept of
27:
Genus of flowering plants in the dogwood family Cornaceae
1285:(stiff dogwood) Southeastern and southern United States.
2885:. Vol. 13 pt.5 no.1. Field Museum. pp. 44–45.
2039:
1630:
Bracts 4 or 6, large and petaloid, fruits oblong, red.
1979:
are apparently all based on plants here classified as
1959:, which in that sense is also native in North America.
1610:
Bracts 4, modified, non-petaloid; fruits oblong, red.
3000:"Find Official State Flower for USA | Teleflora"
2559:. Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 312 (page 150).
1063:
were also made from this wood, cut into thin strips.
547:-bearing flowers. The various species of dogwood are
44:
For the northern mountain ash known as Dogberry, see
2895:
2503:(4th ed.). John M. Gallagher, printer. p.
2351:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 16
1814:
1540:
568:
of Eurasia, the widely cultivated flowering dogwood
2896:Manchester, S.R.; Xiang, X-P.; Xiang, Q-Y (2010).
2203:
1142:
844:. By contrast, the fruits of species in subgenus
3061:"What is Dogwood Winter? | Farmers' Almanac"
1161:. Leaves opposite to subopposite; fall blooming.
909:with the latter three all feeding exclusively on
636:dates to the 1550s, via German from Middle Latin
3499:
2210:(8th ed.). New York: American Book Company.
988:, of mixed or uncertain origin, have gained the
959:the lack of sharp winters and hot summers makes
2856:"Tropicos | Name - Cornus peruviana J.F. Macbr"
2620:
2579:
1646:(Pacific dogwood). Western North America, from
3018:"List of State Trees | State Symbols USA"
2939:
2889:
2580:Richard H. Eyde (1987). "The case for keeping
1045:. Dogwood wood is an excellent substitute for
879:, and the following case-bearers of the genus
576:of eastern North America, the Pacific dogwood
37:"Dogwood" redirects here. For other uses, see
396:at the center of four showy white petal-like
2552:
1805:
582:of western North America, the Kousa dogwood
3089:. New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 38–39.
1293:(brown dogwood or smooth dogwood). Western
700:An older name of the dogwood in English is
2945:
2898:"Fruits of Cornelian Cherries (Cornaceae:
2139:"Notable Characteristics of Dogwood Trees"
2033:
1877:is the official flower of the province of
1241:(Bretschneider's dogwood). Northern China.
820:are edible. Many are without much flavor.
543:, while others have more open clusters of
527:, but a few species are nearly herbaceous
145:
2806:
2788:
2699:
2073:
2063:
2878:
2684:(Cornaceae) based on 26S rDNA sequences"
2677:
1975:by some botanists. Canadian reports for
1830:
1213:east of the Great Plains except for the
1090:as a substitute for quinine. During the
859:Dogwoods are used as food plants by the
691:
648:, the Latin word for the cornel cherry.
475:
462:
441:
428:
415:
403:
381:
3034:
2913:International Journal of Plant Sciences
2621:Richard H. Eyde (1988). "Comprehending
2546:
2201:
2157:
1714:. Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China
1594:
1517:(European cornel or Cornelian-cherry).
1073:
626:is the Latin word for the cornel tree,
14:
3500:
3084:
2678:Fan, Chuanzhu; Xiang, Qiu-Yun (2001).
2195:
1857:
1702:(Kousa dogwood). Japan and (as subsp.
1257:(roughleaf dogwood). U.S. between the
1225:(toughleaf dogwood). Southeastern U.S.
1177:. Costa Rica and Venezuela to Bolivia.
3128:
3127:
3037:"The Six Little Winters of Tennessee"
2275:William Shepard Walsh et al. (eds.),
2190:Trees and Bushes in Wood and Hedgerow
1686:(Hong Kong dogwood). Southern China,
1576:Plants hermaphroditic, bracts 4 or 6
1501:Plants hermaphroditic, bracts 4 or 6
1461:
1305:(Hemsley's dogwood). Southwest China.
789:have their leaves alternate. Dogwood
539:of large, typically white petal-like
3472:ea6e5725-9843-443e-80e5-11fda9a274fe
3384:e5731766-298d-4bab-90a7-9334199b3a5a
2879:Macbride, J.F. (1959). "Cornaceae".
2496:
2182:
1313:(Koehne's dogwood). Southwest China.
2680:"Phylogenetic relationships within
2188:Vedel, H., & Lange, J. (1960).
1439:Leaves alternate; summer blooming.
704:, occurring in a list of trees (as
562:Species include the common dogwood
24:
3518:Extant Campanian first appearances
1399:(Walter's dogwood). Central China.
1189:Leaves opposite; summer blooming.
25:
3534:
3097:
2530:. Prepper Gardens. Archived from
2329:Garden Shrubs and their Histories
2292:. Prepper Gardens. Archived from
2192:. Metheun & Co. Ltd., London.
1905:, and the state memorial tree of
1720:
1249:(Korean dogwood). Northeast Asia.
1233:(South China dogwood). East Asia.
1122:
640:, ultimately from the diminutive
3436:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330228-2
3035:Jenkins, Mary Tom (2021-03-31).
2202:Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1950).
1909:. The term "dogwood winter", in
773:Dogwoods have simple, untoothed
717:. This name is cognate with the
531:subshrubs, and some species are
169:
77:
3078:
3053:
3028:
3010:
2992:
2958:
2872:
2848:
2823:
2755:
2724:
2671:
2614:
2573:
2520:
2511:
2490:
2481:
2475:www.missouribotanicalgarden.org
2463:
2438:
2413:
2388:
2363:
2338:
2321:
2308:
2282:
2269:
2249:
2002:
1986:
1962:
1946:
1897:. It is also the state tree of
1674:(Himalayan flowering dogwood).
1143:Blue- or white-fruited dogwoods
924:
446:Mature and immature flowers of
2584:in the broad Linnaean sense".
2233:
2214:
2131:
2090:
1939:58 species according to Xiang
1933:
1854:). Horticulturally developed.
1335:
768:
618:
13:
1:
2314:Wyman's Garden Encyclopedia,
2141:. answers.com. Archived from
2026:
1706:) central and northern China.
1049:wood in the heads of certain
660:, the Greek word for "horn".
2790:10.1371/journal.pone.0205407
1618:. Mexico and Central America
1119:for several minor ailments.
1113:traditional Chinese medicine
611:; a broadly inclusive genus
7:
2948:Palaeontographica Americana
2471:"Cornus mas - Plant Finder"
2227:Online Etymology Dictionary
1455:(table dogwood). East Asia.
990:Royal Horticultural Society
940:are ubiquitous in American
812:of all dogwood species are
10:
3539:
2688:American Journal of Botany
2277:American Notes and Queries
1999:, also in the eastern U.S.
1529:(Japanese cornel). China,
852:, though readily eaten by
454:Bonnechere Provincial Park
43:
36:
29:
3136:
2980:. Oregon State University
2528:"Medicinal Dogwood Trees"
2346:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
2262:, Clarendon Press, 1896,
1427:). Eastern North America.
1379:(common dogwood). Europe.
1326:
1209:(silky dogwood). Eastern
1013:
740:"totter, waver", Frisian
696:Cherokee princess dogwood
368:
361:
305:
300:
285:
278:
166:Scientific classification
164:
153:
144:
55:
3104:Dogwood history and uses
2500:Gunn's Domestic Medicine
2290:"Wildlife Dogwood Trees"
1926:
1901:and the state flower of
1147:Paniculate or corymbose
386:In species such as this
39:Dogwood (disambiguation)
2831:"Cornus oblonga - Wall"
2375:'Eddie's White Wonder'"
2206:Gray's Manual of Botany
1764:Cornus × unalaschkensis
1407:(ghost dogwood). China.
1321:(large-leafed dogwood;
1027:
963:very shy of flowering.
915:
389:Cornus × unalaschkensis
32:Cornus (disambiguation)
2497:Gunn, John C. (1835).
1000:'Eddie's White Wonder'
697:
481:
473:
460:
439:
426:
413:
401:
3523:Plants used in bonsai
3405:Paleobiology Database
3085:Morrow, Anne (1956).
2553:Schafer, Peg (2011).
1921:Anne Morrow Lindbergh
1831:Horticultural hybrids
1560:(blackfruit cornel).
1477:Dioecious, bracts 4.
1277:. Mexico to Honduras.
1238:Cornus bretschneideri
1230:Cornus austrosinensis
1105:The Japanese cornel,
1086:and has been used in
994:Award of Garden Merit
865:butterflies and moths
695:
479:
466:
445:
432:
419:
407:
385:
2279:vol. 5 (1890) p. 118
2256:Walter William Skeat
2179:(paperback). pp 121
1683:Cornus hongkongensis
1595:Big-bracted dogwoods
1197:(Siberian dogwood).
1096:confederate soldiers
1088:traditional medicine
1074:Traditional medicine
848:are mildly toxic to
508:, commonly known as
30:For other uses, see
3022:statesymbolsusa.org
2835:Plants For A Future
2781:2018PLoSO..1305407N
2641:1988BotRv..54..233E
2446:"RHS Plantfinder -
2421:"RHS Plantfinder -
2396:"RHS Plantfinder -
2371:"RHS Plantfinder -
1858:Cultural references
1711:Cornus multinervosa
1444:Cornus alternifolia
1412:Cornus × arnoldiana
1201:and northern China.
1082:species is rich in
929:Various species of
863:of some species of
783:Cornus alternifolia
551:throughout much of
3109:2016-03-03 at the
3041:Visit Cleveland TN
2649:10.1007/bf02868985
2145:on August 26, 2014
2065:10.7717/peerj.2808
1584:(Chinese cornel).
1526:Cornus officinalis
1462:Cornelian cherries
1452:Cornus controversa
1352:Cornus paucinervis
1318:Cornus macrophylla
1222:Cornus asperifolia
1092:American Civil War
1039:mountain dulcimers
996:(confirmed 2017):
978:Cornus stolonifera
899:C. albiantennaella
877:small angle shades
698:
615:is accepted here.
482:
474:
461:
440:
427:
414:
402:
371:Chamaepericlimenum
3495:
3494:
3392:Open Tree of Life
3130:Taxon identifiers
3119:in Flora of China
3004:www.teleflora.com
2587:Systematic Botany
2244:The Knight's Tale
2229:. Douglas Harper.
1883:flowering dogwood
1826:, Central Oregon)
1819:Cornus clarnensis
1740:Cornus canadensis
1615:Cornus disciflora
1599:Capitular cymes:
1509:. Yunnan in China
1404:Cornus wilsoniana
1254:Cornus drummondii
1102:to cover wounds.
938:(Cornus florida),
935:flowering dogwood
933:particularly the
895:Cornus canadensis
795:flowering dogwood
719:Middle Low German
591:Cornus canadensis
469:Cornus canadensis
449:Cornus canadensis
435:Cornus drummondii
380:
379:
274:
16:(Redirected from
3530:
3488:
3487:
3475:
3474:
3462:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3439:
3438:
3426:
3425:
3413:
3412:
3400:
3399:
3387:
3386:
3377:
3376:
3364:
3363:
3361:NHMSYS0000457507
3351:
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3337:
3325:
3324:
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3299:
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3156:
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3125:
3124:
3091:
3090:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3063:. Archived from
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3024:. 23 April 2014.
3014:
3008:
3007:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2943:
2937:
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2893:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2860:www.tropicos.org
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2792:
2775:(10): e0205407.
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2703:
2694:(6): 1131–1138.
2675:
2669:
2668:
2628:Botanical Review
2618:
2612:
2611:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
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2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2400:'Norman Hadden'"
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2350:
2342:
2336:
2327:Alice M. Coats,
2325:
2319:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2286:
2280:
2273:
2267:
2253:
2247:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2117:10.2307/25065525
2094:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2067:
2037:
2020:
2006:
2000:
1990:
1984:
1966:
1960:
1950:
1944:
1937:
1879:British Columbia
1873:Cornus nuttallii
1816:
1781:Aleutian Islands
1648:British Columbia
1643:Cornus nuttallii
1581:Cornus chinensis
1542:
1482:Cornus volkensii
1376:Cornus sanguinea
1337:
1328:
1310:Cornus koehneana
1174:Cornus peruviana
1037:, arrow making,
957:Northwest Europe
907:C. cornivorella,
891:C. salicivorella
867:, including the
724:"cornel", Dutch
714:Canterbury Tales
710:Geoffrey Chaucer
666:black nightshade
579:Cornus nuttallii
565:Cornus sanguinea
375:
270:
174:
173:
149:
139:
76:
61:Temporal range:
53:
52:
21:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3513:Cornales genera
3498:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3483:
3478:
3470:
3465:
3457:
3455:
3447:
3442:
3434:
3429:
3421:
3416:
3408:
3403:
3395:
3390:
3382:
3380:
3372:
3367:
3359:
3354:
3346:
3341:
3333:
3328:
3320:
3315:
3307:
3302:
3294:
3289:
3281:
3276:
3268:
3263:
3255:
3250:
3242:
3237:
3229:
3224:
3216:
3211:
3203:
3198:
3190:
3185:
3177:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3132:
3111:Wayback Machine
3100:
3095:
3094:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3045:
3043:
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3029:
3016:
3015:
3011:
2998:
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2959:
2944:
2940:
2908:
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2873:
2864:
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2839:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2729:
2725:
2701:10.2307/2657096
2676:
2672:
2619:
2615:
2600:10.2307/2418886
2578:
2574:
2567:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2495:
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2482:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2454:
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2444:
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2439:
2429:
2427:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2369:
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2364:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2326:
2322:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2274:
2270:
2254:
2250:
2238:
2234:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2183:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2095:
2091:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2007:
2003:
1991:
1987:
1967:
1963:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1868:Pacific dogwood
1860:
1833:
1811:
1723:
1671:Cornus capitata
1597:
1557:Cornus sessilis
1552:, North Dakota)
1489:eastern Africa.
1464:
1360:Cornus racemosa
1302:Cornus hemsleyi
1290:Cornus glabrata
1265:, and southern
1145:
1125:
1076:
1030:
1016:
1003:'Norman Hadden'
927:
918:
787:C. controversa,
771:
664:the berries of
621:
493:of about 30–60
373:
296:
291:
269:
168:
140:
138:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
71:
70:
59:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3536:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3485:wfo-4000009342
3476:
3463:
3453:
3440:
3427:
3414:
3401:
3388:
3378:
3365:
3352:
3339:
3326:
3313:
3300:
3287:
3274:
3261:
3248:
3235:
3222:
3209:
3196:
3183:
3173:
3158:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3122:
3121:
3113:
3099:
3098:External links
3096:
3093:
3092:
3077:
3052:
3027:
3009:
2991:
2968:Cornus florida
2957:
2938:
2925:10.1086/655771
2919:(8): 882–891.
2888:
2871:
2847:
2822:
2754:
2723:
2670:
2635:(3): 233–351.
2613:
2594:(4): 505–518.
2572:
2565:
2545:
2519:
2510:
2489:
2480:
2462:
2437:
2412:
2387:
2362:
2337:
2320:
2307:
2281:
2268:
2248:
2232:
2213:
2194:
2181:
2156:
2130:
2089:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2013:C. stolonifera
2009:Cornus sericea
2001:
1993:Cornus obliqua
1985:
1969:Cornus obliqua
1961:
1953:Cornus sericea
1945:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1903:North Carolina
1887:Cornus florida
1859:
1856:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1810:
1807:Incertae sedis
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1760:
1756:Cornus suecica
1752:
1722:
1721:Dwarf dogwoods
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1695:
1679:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1639:
1635:Cornus florida
1621:
1620:
1619:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1553:
1550:Late Paleocene
1538:
1522:
1510:
1506:Cornus eydeana
1492:
1491:
1490:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1448:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1408:
1400:
1396:Cornus walteri
1392:
1384:Cornus sericea
1380:
1372:
1364:
1356:
1348:
1344:Cornus obliqua
1340:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1286:
1282:Cornus foemina
1278:
1274:Cornus excelsa
1270:
1250:
1246:Cornus coreana
1242:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1202:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1166:Cornus oblonga
1144:
1141:
1124:
1123:Classification
1121:
1108:C. officinalis
1075:
1072:
1061:tennis rackets
1029:
1026:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
984:The following
961:Cornus florida
950:horticulturist
926:
923:
917:
914:
770:
767:
728:"cornel" (the
668:, alluding to
620:
617:
600:respectively.
597:Cornus suecica
572:Cornus florida
480:Spring budding
422:Cornus florida
378:
377:
366:
365:
359:
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142:
141:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
63:Late Campanian
60:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3535:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3088:
3081:
3067:on 2011-05-03
3066:
3062:
3056:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2882:Flora of Peru
2875:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
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2734:
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2711:
2707:
2702:
2697:
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2674:
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2658:
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2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2617:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2576:
2568:
2566:9781603583305
2562:
2558:
2557:
2549:
2534:on 2013-11-16
2533:
2529:
2523:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2493:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2451:
2449:
2441:
2426:
2424:
2416:
2401:
2399:
2391:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2347:
2341:
2334:
2331:(1964) 1992,
2330:
2324:
2317:
2311:
2296:on 2013-11-16
2295:
2291:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2246:", verse 2065
2245:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2191:
2185:
2178:
2177:9780521685535
2174:
2170:
2169:9780521866453
2166:
2160:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
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2105:
2100:
2093:
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2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2032:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:inflorescence
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1864:inflorescence
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:C. canadensis
1770:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1737:
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1559:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1545:Cornus piggae
1539:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1519:Mediterranean
1516:
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1511:
1508:
1507:
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1398:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:Cornus rugosa
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:). East Asia.
1338:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1295:North America
1292:
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1235:
1232:
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1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1206:Cornus amomum
1203:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1175:
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1153:
1152:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:native plants
1130:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:, is used in
1110:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
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1081:
1071:
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1052:
1048:
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1040:
1036:
1035:walking canes
1025:
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1022:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
995:
991:
987:
982:
980:
979:
973:
972:stoloniferous
969:
964:
962:
958:
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951:
947:
943:
939:
936:
932:
922:
913:
912:
908:
904:
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896:
893:(recorded on
892:
888:
884:
883:
878:
874:
873:the engrailed
870:
866:
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851:
847:
843:
839:
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819:
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749:
747:
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731:
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723:
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196:Tracheophytes
194:
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96:
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81:
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68:
64:
58:
54:
51:
47:
46:Sorbus decora
40:
33:
19:
3137:
3116:
3086:
3080:
3069:. Retrieved
3065:the original
3055:
3044:. Retrieved
3040:
3030:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2982:. Retrieved
2977:
2972:Cornus kousa
2971:
2967:
2960:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2916:
2912:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2881:
2874:
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2859:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2834:
2825:
2772:
2768:
2757:
2745:. Retrieved
2740:
2736:
2726:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2673:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2591:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2555:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2532:the original
2522:
2513:
2499:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2447:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2422:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2397:
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2372:
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2340:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2315:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2294:the original
2284:
2276:
2271:
2259:
2251:
2239:
2235:
2226:
2216:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2171:(hardback),
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2143:the original
2133:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1935:
1919:
1886:
1870:
1861:
1851:
1847:
1840:rutgersensis
1839:
1835:
1834:
1817:
1806:
1797:Newfoundland
1776:
1772:
1762:
1754:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1699:Cornus kousa
1697:
1681:
1669:
1661:
1659:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1613:
1605:
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1316:
1308:
1300:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1263:Great Plains
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1204:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1172:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1128:
1126:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1079:
1078:The bark of
1077:
1065:
1055:
1031:
1019:
1018:The species
1017:
983:
976:
970:species are
967:
965:
960:
953:Donald Wyman
937:
930:
928:
925:Horticulture
919:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
880:
869:emperor moth
858:
845:
837:
834:Cornus kousa
833:
827:
823:Cornus kousa
821:
817:
807:
786:
782:
772:
765:for Cornus.
763:whipple-tree
762:
759:whiffle-tree
758:
752:
750:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
712:
705:
702:whipple-tree
701:
699:
686:
682:
676:
674:
662:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
627:
623:
622:
612:
602:
595:
589:
585:Cornus kousa
583:
577:
569:
563:
561:
513:
509:
499:woody plants
485:
484:
483:
467:
447:
433:
420:
408:
387:
370:
369:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
286:
280:Type species
265:
264:
228:
215:
202:
189:
158:
155:Cornus kousa
154:
56:
50:
3304:iNaturalist
3162:Wikispecies
2840:February 9,
2111:(1): 9–30.
2017:Cornus alba
2011:(including
1957:Cornus alba
1745:Appalachian
1732:Arctocrania
1606:Discocrania
1487:Afromontane
1425:C. racemosa
1194:Cornus alba
1117:shān zhū yú
946:landscaping
903:C. cornella
887:C. ahenella
769:Description
754:whippletree
726:wepe, weype
632:. The name
619:Terminology
329:Discocrania
314:Arctocrania
209:Angiosperms
3502:Categories
3071:2011-05-20
3046:2023-12-28
2865:2016-01-29
2747:29 January
2538:January 8,
2455:2 February
2450:'Porlock'"
2430:2 February
2425:'Ormonde'"
2405:2 February
2380:2 February
2355:24 January
2300:January 8,
2149:August 24,
2027:References
1981:C. obliqua
1911:colloquial
1907:New Jersey
1889:) and its
1848:C. florida
1809:(unplaced)
1799:in Canada.
1777:C. suecica
1751:Mountains.
1652:California
1572:Sinocornus
1562:California
1514:Cornus mas
1473:Afrocrania
1421:C. obliqua
1259:Appalachia
1215:Deep South
1185:Kraniopsis
1051:golf clubs
1021:Cornus mas
882:Coleophora
838:Cornus mas
829:Cornus mas
642:cornuculum
629:Cornus mas
410:Cornus mas
344:Sinocornus
334:Kraniopsis
309:Afrocrania
301:Subgenera
288:Cornus mas
72:73–0
2799:1932-6203
2335:"Cornus".
2223:"dogwood"
2058:: e2808.
1997:C. amomum
1977:C. amomum
1973:C. amomum
1915:cold snap
1789:Greenland
1730:Subgenus
1704:chinensis
1662:Syncarpea
1660:Subgenus
1626:Cynoxylon
1624:Subgenus
1604:Subgenus
1570:Subgenus
1495:Subgenus
1471:Subgenus
1433:Subgenus
1269:, Canada.
1183:Subgenus
1158:Yinquania
1156:Subgenus
1058:laminated
1047:persimmon
1041:and fine
1009:'Porlock'
1006:'Ormonde'
986:cultivars
842:vitamin C
777:with the
751:The name
744:, German
722:wipel-bom
706:whipultre
672:hounds).
638:cornolium
609:subgenera
553:temperate
537:involucre
533:evergreen
529:perennial
518:deciduous
506:Cornaceae
438:in flower
425:in spring
354:Yinquania
349:Syncarpea
324:Cynoxylon
255:Cornaceae
179:Kingdom:
159:chinensis
3467:VicFlora
3456:VASCAN:
3449:40014445
3444:Tropicos
3147:Wikidata
3107:Archived
2954:: 30–31.
2933:83524109
2817:30352068
2769:PLOS ONE
2718:11410478
2665:12507834
2318:"Cornus"
2125:25065525
2084:28028474
1899:Missouri
1895:Virginia
1852:C. kousa
1822:(Middle
1793:Labrador
1676:Himalaya
1435:Mesomora
1391:regions.
1355:. China.
1261:and the
1137:invasive
1100:poultice
1066:Dogwood
687:dogberry
683:*dagwood
670:Hecate's
510:dogwoods
363:Synonyms
339:Mesomora
251:Family:
245:Cornales
235:Asterids
222:Eudicots
67:Holocene
3335:1343993
3322:12064-1
3283:3082226
3153:Q159545
3087:Dogwood
2808:6198962
2777:Bibcode
2710:2657096
2657:4354115
2637:Bibcode
2608:2418886
2075:5180587
1866:of the
1692:Vietnam
1323:Chinese
1267:Ontario
1199:Siberia
1129:Cornus,
1084:tannins
942:gardens
931:Cornus,
921:seeds.
911:Cornus.
791:flowers
757:, also
738:wepelen
654:κερασός
514:cornels
501:in the
495:species
458:Ontario
261:Genus:
241:Order:
183:Plantae
18:Dogwood
3508:Cornus
3418:PLANTS
3381:NZOR:
3270:108042
3257:Cornus
3244:108042
3192:137391
3179:189687
3176:APDB:
3168:Cornus
3138:Cornus
3117:Cornus
2984:20 May
2931:
2904:Cornus
2902:Subg.
2900:Cornus
2815:
2805:
2797:
2716:
2708:
2682:Cornus
2663:
2655:
2623:Cornus
2606:
2582:Cornus
2563:
2448:Cornus
2423:Cornus
2398:Cornus
2373:Cornus
2264:p. 252
2175:
2167:
2123:
2099:Cornus
2082:
2072:
2044:Cornus
1943:(2006)
1941:et al.
1881:. The
1844:Hybrid
1836:Cornus
1824:Eocene
1791:, and
1785:Alaska
1769:Hybrid
1497:Cornus
1417:Hybrid
1389:Arctic
1333::
1331:pinyin
1325::
1080:Cornus
1043:inlays
1014:Fruits
968:Cornus
966:Other
875:, the
861:larvae
850:people
818:Cornus
814:drupes
810:fruits
803:bracts
799:petals
775:leaves
746:wippen
742:wepeln
650:Cornus
646:cornum
634:cornel
624:Cornus
613:Cornus
605:genera
557:boreal
549:native
541:bracts
525:shrubs
503:family
486:Cornus
398:bracts
319:Cornus
266:Cornus
57:Cornus
3423:CORNU
3410:54721
3397:82463
3348:27798
3330:IRMNG
3309:47193
3252:FoAO2
3231:1CRWG
3218:60422
3205:8VWH2
2929:S2CID
2909:(PDF)
2737:Taxon
2706:JSTOR
2661:S2CID
2653:JSTOR
2604:JSTOR
2349:(PDF)
2121:JSTOR
2104:Taxon
2051:PeerJ
1927:Notes
1749:Rocky
1586:China
1535:Korea
1531:Japan
1336:láimù
1149:cymes
1068:twigs
854:birds
846:Swida
779:veins
734:wipel
708:) in
658:κέρας
644:, of
545:petal
521:trees
491:genus
489:is a
472:fruit
229:Clade
216:Clade
203:Clade
190:Clade
157:var.
3459:1037
3431:POWO
3374:4281
3369:NCBI
3343:ITIS
3317:IPNI
3296:2939
3291:GRIN
3278:GBIF
3226:EPPO
3187:APNI
2986:2011
2842:2022
2813:PMID
2795:ISSN
2749:2016
2714:PMID
2561:ISBN
2540:2013
2457:2018
2432:2018
2407:2018
2382:2018
2357:2018
2333:s.v.
2316:s.v.
2302:2013
2173:ISBN
2165:ISBN
2151:2014
2080:PMID
1862:The
1795:and
1747:and
1688:Laos
1211:U.S.
1028:Wood
944:and
916:Uses
905:and
826:and
808:The
785:and
594:and
555:and
394:cyme
374:Hill
80:PreꞒ
3480:WFO
3356:NBN
3265:FoC
3239:FNA
3213:EoL
3200:CoL
2921:doi
2917:171
2803:PMC
2785:doi
2743:(1)
2696:doi
2645:doi
2596:doi
2505:523
2258:,
2113:doi
2070:PMC
2060:doi
1787:),
1779:).
1650:to
1115:as
992:'s
897:),
730:wh-
678:dag
607:or
523:or
512:or
497:of
3504::
3482::
3469::
3446::
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3371::
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3280::
3267::
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3241::
3228::
3215::
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3189::
3164::
3149::
3039:.
3020:.
3002:.
2976:.
2970:×
2952:58
2950:.
2927:.
2915:.
2911:.
2858:.
2833:.
2811:.
2801:.
2793:.
2783:.
2773:13
2771:.
2767:.
2741:55
2739:.
2735:.
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2692:88
2690:.
2686:.
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2651:.
2643:.
2633:54
2631:.
2602:.
2592:12
2590:.
2473:.
2225:.
2119:.
2109:55
2107:.
2078:.
2068:.
2054:.
2048:.
1850:×
1846::
1838:×
1775:×
1771::
1690:,
1533:,
1485:.
1423:×
1419::
1329:;
1327:棶木
1139:.
1094:,
981:.
948:;
901:,
889:,
885::
871:,
856:.
805:.
748:.
456:,
452:,
294:L.
272:L.
231::
218::
205::
192::
130:Pg
74:Ma
69:,
3074:.
3049:.
3006:.
2988:.
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2966:"
2935:.
2923::
2868:.
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2667:.
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2086:.
2062::
2056:4
2019:.
1983:.
1885:(
1875:)
1871:(
1842:(
1815:†
1783:(
1767:(
1734:.
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1678:.
1664:.
1654:.
1628:.
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1588:.
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1564:.
1548:(
1541:†
1537:.
1521:.
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1475:.
1437:.
1415:(
1297:.
1217:.
1187:.
574:)
570:(
400:.
135:N
125:K
120:J
115:T
110:P
105:C
100:D
95:S
90:O
85:Ꞓ
65:–
48:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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