969:
1362:
42:
1768:). Other more organised domainers or domain name speculators register trademarks in advance of the launch of new TLDs specifically in order to register these short, memorable and potentially high value domains in the sunrise period of new gTLD launches. The Sunrise period is when intellectual property rights owners (trademark owners etc.) can register their trademark in the new gTLD in advance of the gTLD being opened for general registrations. In the last three years the main new TLDs launched were
914:
1797:
1337:
902:
1970:, a practice by which millions of domains would be registered for a limited period (the five-day Add Grace Period during which a domain could be deleted without the registrar effectively having to pay a registration fee to ICANN) and only those generating sufficient revenue from PPC advertising would be retained, also served to increase the number of domains registered. This practice involved
1658:
UDRP action to succeed one of the things that the complainant has to establish is that the domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the complainant has rights. Legitimate domain name speculation tends to steer clear of trademarks and concentrate on generic words and phrases as domains based on trademarks can be subject of
1930:
it to the entity who backordered the domain. If the newly reregistered domain is captured by a company that has no customers who backordered it, the domain may be auctioned to the highest bidder by the registrar who captured it or an auction intermediary. The time between a drop and a capture is often measured in seconds or fractions thereof.
1929:
often work in confederation to increase their possibility of registering a dropped domain immediately after it is deleted by the registry. If the domain is caught by a confederation of registrars attempting to fulfill a domain backorder, then whichever domain registrar caught the domain will register
1978:
was forced to take action. In June 2008 ICANN added a provision to its Fiscal Year 2009 budget to limit the number of domains that a registrar could delete using the Add Grace Period before having to pay the ICANN fee. The effect of this was to massively curtail the number of domains deleted in .com
1681:
Generic terms, such as the term "salt" when used in connection with sodium chloride, are not capable of serving the essential trademark function of distinguishing a product or service. This means that generic terms are generally not afforded any legal protection. The Canned Foods, Inc. v. Ult Search
1903:
domain names can be more valuable due to their having had high-profile websites associated with them. They will have links from other websites and could still have users searching for the websites because of these links. Others can be valuable because of the generic nature of the domain name or the
1763:
The primary market for domain name speculation covers newly registered domain names that have not been registered before. Such domain names are often linked to news and current events. The launch of a new TLD encourages primary market speculation as domainers rush to register generic terms and also
1657:
is defined as registering, trafficking in, or using a domain name with bad faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else. The key element in this definition is that the intellectual property rights of another's trademark are infringed by the cybersquatter. For a
1682:
Inc. decision specifically deals with a case involving a generic term, "Grocery Outlet" and the domain name "groceryoutlet.com". The decision contains the key sentence "Generic terms receive no protection in US trademark law when they are used to label the goods and services that they describe."
1615:
will have what is referred to as an eligibility or nexus requirement to limit registration to specific geographical or national regions. However this does not deter domain name speculation as various options such as using a local agent or company to enable people to register domains in such TLDs
1583:
TLD is a good example of a specialist TLD in that it is specifically targeted at mobile phones and similar mobile technology. The operators of .mobi, mTLD, have reserved some of the premium generic words which will be auctioned off. The intent is to create a more level playing field for those
1961:
TLD grew from 23,662,001 registered domains 1 January 2003 to 80,759,835 registered domains as of 1 January 2009. While part of that increase in the number of registered domain names is due to the increase in ecommerce and business conducted online, some of the increase is due to the ease of
1933:
Some registrars do not allow domains to drop in the normal fashion, instead introducing an intermediary (e.g., Snapnames and
Namejet) that auction the domain prior to their deletion. If nobody buys the domain at auction, it will pass through the normal deletion process.
1699:, 947 F. Supp. 1227 (N.D. Ill. 1996). The definition was "These individuals attempt to profit from the Internet by reserving and later reselling or licensing domain names back to the companies that spent millions of dollars developing the goodwill of the trademark."
1730:
1,000 even for a single domain) are borne by the complainant, while the infringing party stands to lose nothing except the registration fee (usually under $ 10) for the original domain and the registrar of the infringing name incurs no penalty at all.
1990:
websites spidered, 26% were single page websites, 60% were multipage websites and 14% had no associated websites. Numerically, the number of single page websites was approximately 14.91 million. The single page websites include under-construction,
1925:, allows each registrar a slice of the resources that may be used to register dropped domains. VeriSign drops domains in a random order, giving registrars only a vague idea of the particular drop time of a particular domain. Sometimes a group of
1624:
Domain name speculation has evolved with the expansion of the domain name system. Domain names were registered primarily for business purposes. In the 1990s, much of the ccTLD landscape had yet to appear, and the growing public awareness of the
2019:
websites. The survey quoted in the
Verisign Domain Brief does not explain the methodology or provide anything other than a summary of the results. However this is effectively a rise in single page websites of just over 7 million websites.
1460:
The speculative characteristics of domain names may be linked to news reports or current events. However, the effective period during which such opportunities exist may be limited. Quick turnaround in the resale of domains is often called
1725:
action has to follow a procedure of notifying the respondent, receiving a reply from the respondent, appointing an adjudication panel and awaiting a decision. The process can take two months or more and all costs (typically more than
1476:
Sometimes, domain name speculation involves finding domain names early in a market, particularly when a new top-level domain is launched, registering them and waiting until the market grows to sell them. Domains such as voice.com,
1641:, had been registered. No clear legal position existed to distinguish domain name speculation and cybersquatting. Due to the open nature of most TLDs, anyone could register a domain name. This led to the development of the
2010:
domain names, 24% of these domains have one page websites, 64% have multipage websites and 12% have no associated websites. In purely numerical terms, those single page websites would account for approximately 22 million
1468:. Domain flipping may also involve the process of buying a valuable domain name and building a related website around it, all this with the objective of selling the domain and newly built website to an interested party.
1743:
case to transfer or cancel the domain unless the registrant is in the same jurisdiction as the affected intellectual property rights owner. In this case, local law may be sufficient as the action may be considered as
1734:
The global and unrestricted nature of TLDs and gTLDs effectively means that anyone in any country can register a domain name in them regardless of whether they have any intellectual property rights in that name. With
1599:
in the hope that these domain names could be sold later to businesses. Some (but not all) domain name investors will try to stay away from domain names containing trademarks as this could be considered
1538:. The German TLD consists of over 12 million domains. The UK's domain has over 7.7 million domains registered according to Nominet's domain registration statistics webpage, mainly in its commercial
1713:
TLDs and gTLDs is that of trademarks in general: the rights of the trademark owner have to be asserted in order to protect the trademark. The trademark owner has to take legal action, typically a
3106:
1706:(introduced in 1985), these domains will be long gone and people registering their first domains are often frustrated at the lack of short and memorable domains in this and other mature TLDs.
1584:
interested in developing websites. The .mobi premium generic words and phrases list is a good example of the domain names that are at the heart of most early-market domain name speculation.
1702:
As domain name speculation has evolved alongside the domain name system, the most memorable and shortest domains tend to be amongst those registered first in any TLD. For old TLDs like
1515:, INFO is the most popular by registration volume compared to BIZ gTLD due to the low cost of initial registration and the recognizability of INFO as being an abbreviation of
1306:
2625:
2599:
1899:
The secondary market for domain names covers previously registered domain names that have not been renewed by registrants or are available for resale. Sometimes these
1633:. This inevitably attracted the attention of those who saw potential value in domain names, and by this time many of the most valuable generic domain names, such as
1946:('PPC') advertising. It is often assumed that such a domain is "cybersquatted", especially when the person is searching for the domain in order to register it.
1670:
owners now use brand protection services that monitor TLDs for newly registered domains that potentially infringe on their trademarks. This is due in part to
3064:
3039:
3113:
1957:. Many of exact phrases that people were searching for in search engines were being registered for the sole purpose of serving PPC advertising. The
1674:, a form of cybersquatting where variations of the spelling of a brand's domain will be registered in an attempt to profit from users mistyping the
2031:
systems and allow unused domains to be parked with the registrant receiving a share of the PPC revenue earned. Other hosters have similar systems.
832:
1495:(or 'TLD') is the focus of most domain speculation activity as it is the largest TLD. Domain speculation occurs in other TLDs as well, such as
3222:
2233:
2090:
A 242 page list of premium generic words and phrases reserved by the .mobi registry, mTLD during the
Sunrise phase of the launch of .mobi TLD
1642:
1549:
ccTLD is an example of what happens when speculative activity overtakes "ordinary" domain registrations. A combination of an inept registry (
861:
968:
2108:
1739:
the jurisdiction is more clearly defined. The affected intellectual property rights owner would have to take a legal action, typically a
822:
787:
3227:
1913:. It is a highly competitive business. The main operators in this business typically set up a number of front companies as registrars.
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944:
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1833:
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and for the dominant position they would have in any field due to their descriptive nature. Hence generic words and phrases such as
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600:
1953:
revenue could be derived from parked domains effectively created a situation where domains were being registered purely for their
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1840:
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2137:
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2002:
The latest statistics for domain name usage quoted in the
Verisign Domain Brief for June 2009 states that of the 92 million
2587:
2521:
2045:
1847:
1557:'s own statistics at the end of 2006, over 50% of the registrations could be considered at best speculative and at worst
1114:
613:
2940:
1942:
Cybersquatting has a clear legal definition, but this definition tends to be lost when people open a webpage with only
1553:) and excessive speculation by businesses exploiting a poorly structured regulatory framework meant that, according to
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1340:
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Cybersquatting was first used as a legal term in March 1998 by a U.S. District Court in
California in the case of
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3253:
1818:
254:
164:
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2822:
2188:"Nominet (.UK Registry) document discusses Domaining, dropcatching and the secondary market in .uk ccTLD"
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actions by the trademark owners. As the number of registered domain names has increased, the number of
1612:
1142:
1039:
716:
430:
120:
2915:"Inside a Drop Catcher's War Room: How eNom Arms Maker Chris Ambler Is Turning The Tide for Club Drop"
2500:"Timeline for the Formulation and Implementation of the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy"
3201:
2855:
2187:
1854:
1418:
in professional jargon, is the practice of identifying and registering or acquiring generic
Internet
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1181:
1104:
1064:
777:
662:
440:
214:
2738:
2294:""Thousands lose out to touts in sale of .eu addresses" Guardian Newspaper, London, UK 8 April 2006"
3141:
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1054:
930:
466:
2237:
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1979:
and .net during the Add Grace Period. From June 2008 to April 2009, AGP deletions fell by 99.7%.
1974:
being created purely for the purpose of domain tasting. The situation became so bad in 2007 that
1807:
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1347:
1301:
1164:
1159:
109:
3015:
2801:"(UK Registry) The "One in a Million" Court Case which dealt with domain names and passing off"
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The business of registering the domain names as they are deleted by the registries is known as
1718:
1383:
1034:
268:
179:
2325:
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1971:
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2800:
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have also seen elements of domain name speculation. One of the best examples is that of the
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length of the domain name, with two and three character names being the most sought after.
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8:
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259:
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http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Microsoft-Ships-URL-Tracer-to-Hunt-Down-TypoSquatters/
1425:
The main targets of domain name speculation are generic words which can be valuable for
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1545:. These TLDs are mature markets where good domain names may command high prices. The
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The March 2006 Verisign Domain Brief stated that out of approximately 57.37 million
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A common accusation against domain name speculation is that it is cybersquatting.
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1996:
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2663:"Canned Foods, Inc. v Ult. Search Inc. National Arbitration Forum Decision"
1992:
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1638:
1236:
1231:
974:
918:
736:
706:
566:
264:
141:
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2992:"GNSO Council Report to the ICANN Board Recommendation for Domain Tasting"
2626:"Examples of typosquatted domains detected by Microsoft's Strider project"
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1765:
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1014:
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191:
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3016:"The End Of Domain Tasting. ICANN Report on AGP Measures 12 August 2009"
2291:
1595:, also register domain names based on seemingly generic phrases such as
2426:
1995:
and parked pages in addition to online advertising revenue generating (
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1579:
is an abbreviation for the word television to be rather lucrative. The
1539:
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561:
400:
336:
2363:"Eurid 2006 annual report, Page 20. Numbers of domains per registrant"
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1422:
as an investment with the intent of selling them later for a profit.
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One of the main problems concerning trademarks and domain names in
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2522:""Domain restrictions target cybersquatters" news.com 03 May 1999"
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2271:"Cybersquatters can get rich if they're quick, says .eu registry"
2024:
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1478:
1256:
978:
33:
1542:
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and others are attractive targets of domain speculation in any
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Why generic marks are not generally afforded legal protection.
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Domain name speculation and the rise of Pay per click websites
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2753:"Good Domain Names Grow Scarce – Inc Magazine, 01 July 2009"
2109:"MicroStrategy Sells Voice.com Domain Name for $ 30 Million"
2016:
2012:
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2292:
Bobbie
Johnson, technology correspondent (8 April 2006).
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1572:
1546:
1535:
1531:
1527:
642:
2856:"asia Landrush and auction. – Circleid.com 27 July 2007"
1783:. All of these had landrush periods of varying success.
3121:
2677:
2211:
2163:"ICANN Registry Status Domain Counts (.aero to .mobi)"
1629:
TLD was gathering momentum owing to the growth of the
1821:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1692:. An early definition of the practice was given in
1648:
3276:
2823:""One In A Million" Judgement. 28 November 1997"
1717:, to defend the trademark after the potentially
2699:
2066:"Domaining 101: Domain investing startup guide"
1786:
2779:"How long does it take to decide a UDRP case?"
2474:"de German administrative contact requirement"
2129:
3223:Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
3107:
1758:
1643:Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
1384:
938:
2970:"ICANN Registry Statistics (.aero to .mobi)"
2476:. Denic.de. 11 February 2007. Archived from
1587:Domain name speculators, sometimes known as
823:International Financial Reporting Standards
788:Separation of investment and retail banking
3228:Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act
3114:
3100:
3040:"Verisign Domain Brief August 2006 Page 5"
2567:"WIPO Press Release on Rise of UDRP Cases"
2182:
2180:
1391:
1377:
1336:
945:
931:
1881:Learn how and when to remove this message
1764:phrases that make a pun on the TLD name (
3065:"Verisign Domain Brief June 2009 Page 5"
2628:. Research.microsoft.com. Archived from
2602:. Research.microsoft.com. Archived from
2338:
2063:
1666:cases has also increased. Trademark and
2177:
1522:Domain name speculation also occurs in
3277:
2259:.eu ccTLD Landrush period controversy.
2135:
1485:have sold for millions of US dollars.
3095:
2711:, 947 F. Supp. 1227 (N.D. Ill. 1996)"
2683:
2138:"Top 10 most expensive domain names"
1819:adding citations to reliable sources
1790:
1575:ccTLD which has found the fact that
2912:
2064:Oprendek, Greg (25 November 2019).
2046:List of most expensive domain names
13:
2972:. Forms.icann.org. 19 January 2011
2941:"The Domain Name Secondary Market"
2825:. Nominet.org.uk. 28 November 1997
2165:. Forms.icann.org. 19 January 2011
862:Private equity and venture capital
773:Bank for International Settlements
14:
3296:
2877:.asia Landrush period controversy
2686:"The Origins of 'Cybersquatting'"
2339:McCarthy, Kieren (24 July 2006).
981:through a portion of the Internet
907:Business and Economics portal
2938:
2844:.eu Landrush period controversy.
2600:"Microsoft's Strider URL Patrol"
2564:
2452:"asia Registration Requirements"
2236:. Nominet.org.uk. Archived from
1962:generating revenue from PPC and
1795:
1721:domain has been registered. The
1678:of the site they wish to visit.
1360:
1335:
1192:Internet Message Access Protocol
967:
912:
900:
495:Base erosion and profit shifting
40:
3057:
3032:
3008:
2984:
2962:
2932:
2906:
2881:
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2815:
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2514:
2492:
2466:
2444:
2412:
2387:
2355:
2332:
2285:
2263:
2136:Irvine, Chris (10 March 2010).
1806:needs additional citations for
1649:Distinction from cybersquatting
1453:, the most popular of which is
2420:".eu Registration Eligibility"
2252:
2226:
2204:
2155:
2101:
2083:
2057:
1524:country code top-level domains
255:Collateralised debt obligation
165:Bull (stock market speculator)
1:
2341:"74000 .eu domains suspended"
2051:
1197:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
1175:Transmission Control Protocol
601:Final consumption expenditure
2858:. Circleid.com. 27 July 2007
1787:Secondary market speculation
1619:
7:
2034:
1155:Hypertext Transfer Protocol
10:
3301:
2709:Intermatic Inc. v. Toeppen
1892:
1759:Primary market speculation
1616:exist and have been used.
1499:and to a lesser extent in
1471:
1143:Information infrastructure
833:Professional certification
431:Enterprise risk management
215:Offshore financial centres
3241:
3215:
3202:Domain name front running
3134:
2234:"UK Registration figures"
2212:"DE Registration figures"
1830:"Domain name speculation"
1513:Generic top-level domains
1182:Internet service provider
778:Financial Stability Board
16:Internet financial scheme
3254:"Catchall" typosquatting
3142:Reverse domain hijacking
3087:.EU Registration figures
2095:31 December 2007 at the
1055:Right to Internet access
467:Mergers and acquisitions
3177:Domain name warehousing
3157:Domain name speculation
2395:"us Nexus requirements"
1559:domain name warehousing
1404:Domain name speculation
1302:History of the Internet
1165:Internet protocol suite
1160:Internet exchange point
2733:Cite journal requires
1972:domain name registrars
1917:, in the case of TLDs
1035:Freedom of information
269:certificate of deposit
3152:Domain name drop list
2023:Some hosters such as
220:Conduit and sink OFCs
3197:IDN homograph attack
2432:on 28 September 2011
1949:The ease with which
1815:improve this article
1085:Virtual volunteering
446:Financial statements
426:Credit rating agency
351:Repurchase agreement
3259:Wildcard DNS record
3233:PROTECT Act of 2003
3182:Doppelganger domain
2919:Domain Name Journal
2606:on 13 November 2011
2480:on 25 November 2010
2375:on 10 November 2011
2343:. TheRegister.co.uk
1367:Internet portal
1307:Oldest domain names
882:Accounting scandals
872:Stock market bubble
592:Government spending
549:Employment contract
501:Corporate tax haven
260:Credit default swap
3285:Domain Name System
2324:has generic name (
2041:Domain Name System
1895:Domain aftermarket
1150:Domain Name System
1040:Internet phenomena
877:Stock market crash
727:Investment banking
717:Fractional-reserve
682:Warrant of payment
631:Government revenue
554:Financial planning
472:Structured finance
3272:
3271:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1865:
1737:country code TLDs
1609:country code TLDs
1526:(ccTLDs) such as
1401:
1400:
1252:Instant messaging
1170:Internet Protocol
1080:Virtual community
977:visualization of
955:
954:
845:
844:
795:
794:
783:Deposit insurance
689:
688:
523:
522:
421:Corporate finance
416:Capital structure
411:Capital budgeting
346:Performance bonds
227:
226:
210:Financial centres
170:Financial planner
70:Asset (economics)
3292:
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2684:Isenberg, Doug.
2681:
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2555:
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2540:
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2533:
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2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2425:. Archived from
2424:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2399:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2374:
2368:. Archived from
2367:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2309:
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2289:
2283:
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2261:
2256:
2250:
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2230:
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2208:
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2192:
2184:
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2159:
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2150:
2148:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2105:
2099:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2061:
1999:) parked pages.
1886:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1823:
1799:
1791:
1593:domain investors
1493:top-level domain
1451:top-level domain
1408:domain investing
1393:
1386:
1379:
1365:
1364:
1339:
1338:
971:
957:
956:
947:
940:
933:
919:Money portal
917:
916:
915:
905:
904:
855:Economic history
817:
816:
750:
749:
648:Deficit spending
622:Transfer payment
588:
587:
516:Transfer pricing
462:Leveraged buyout
436:Enterprise value
390:
389:
305:Letter of credit
290:Futures contract
123:
121:Over-the-counter
110:Foreign exchange
57:
56:
44:
21:
20:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3237:
3211:
3187:Type-in traffic
3130:
3120:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3023:
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3018:
3014:
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3009:
2999:
2997:
2994:
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2989:
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2975:
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2968:
2967:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2889:"Drop-Catching"
2887:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
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2746:
2734:
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2723:
2722:
2715:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2632:on 7 March 2012
2624:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2524:. News.cnet.com
2520:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2497:
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2471:
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2418:
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2413:
2403:
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2397:
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2392:
2388:
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2365:
2361:
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2356:
2346:
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2321:
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2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2269:
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2264:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2240:on 16 July 2012
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2186:
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2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2097:Wayback Machine
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2037:
2027:have their own
1964:type-in traffic
1955:type-in traffic
1940:
1927:drop registrars
1897:
1887:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1824:
1822:
1812:
1800:
1789:
1761:
1697:Inc. v. Toeppen
1651:
1622:
1597:propertyforsale
1564:Specialist and
1474:
1427:type-in traffic
1412:domain flipping
1397:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1145:
1135:
1134:
1100:
1090:
1089:
990:
982:
951:
913:
911:
899:
887:
886:
857:
847:
846:
838:Fund governance
814:
797:
796:
763:Banking license
754:Bank regulation
741:
712:Deposit account
701:
691:
690:
677:Non-tax revenue
673:
652:
618:
585:
575:
574:
571:
535:
525:
524:
477:Venture capital
441:Risk management
387:
377:
376:
375:
366:Syndicated loan
342:
239:
229:
228:
119:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3298:
3288:
3287:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3207:Drop registrar
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3172:Domain tasting
3169:
3167:Domain parking
3164:
3162:Domain sniping
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:Cybersquatting
3144:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3081:
3070:. Verisign.com
3056:
3045:. Verisign.com
3031:
3007:
2983:
2961:
2931:
2913:Jackson, Ron.
2905:
2880:
2869:
2847:
2836:
2814:
2792:
2781:. Internic.net
2770:
2744:
2735:|journal=
2698:
2676:
2665:. Adrforum.com
2654:
2643:
2617:
2591:
2580:
2557:
2535:
2513:
2491:
2465:
2443:
2411:
2386:
2354:
2331:
2284:
2262:
2251:
2225:
2203:
2176:
2154:
2128:
2117:. 18 June 2019
2100:
2082:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2029:domain parking
1968:Domain tasting
1939:
1936:
1889:
1888:
1803:
1801:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1760:
1757:
1688:Avery Dennison
1655:Cybersquatting
1650:
1647:
1631:Dot-com bubble
1621:
1618:
1613:sponsored TLDs
1602:cybersquatting
1473:
1470:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1356:
1355:
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1314:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1277:World Wide Web
1274:
1269:
1264:
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1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
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1222:
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1091:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1045:Net neutrality
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1025:Digital rights
1022:
1020:Digital divide
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
991:
988:
987:
984:
983:
972:
964:
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949:
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927:
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897:
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864:
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848:
843:
842:
841:
840:
835:
830:
825:
815:
803:
802:
799:
798:
793:
792:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
757:
756:
748:
747:
745:Lists of banks
740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
703:
702:
697:
696:
693:
692:
687:
686:
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679:
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655:
653:
651:
650:
645:
639:
634:
633:
627:
626:
625:
624:
619:
617:
616:
614:Redistribution
611:
605:
603:
595:
594:
586:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
570:
569:
564:
558:
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531:
530:
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508:
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498:
489:
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481:
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474:
469:
464:
456:
455:
451:
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438:
433:
428:
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395:
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388:
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368:
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341:
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329:
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262:
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217:
212:
204:
203:
197:
196:
195:
194:
189:
184:
183:
182:
172:
167:
162:
160:Angel investor
154:
153:
147:
146:
145:
144:
139:
134:
129:
127:Private equity
124:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
64:
63:
55:
50:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3297:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
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3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:Typosquatting
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
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3145:
3143:
3140:
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3137:
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3129:
3125:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3066:
3060:
3041:
3035:
3017:
3011:
2993:
2987:
2971:
2965:
2949:
2942:
2939:Cole, Mason.
2935:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2873:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2840:
2824:
2818:
2802:
2796:
2780:
2774:
2759:. 1 July 2009
2758:
2754:
2748:
2740:
2727:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2687:
2680:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2647:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2584:
2568:
2561:
2545:
2539:
2523:
2517:
2501:
2495:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2453:
2447:
2428:
2421:
2415:
2396:
2390:
2371:
2364:
2358:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2322:|author=
2315:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2273:. Out-law.com
2272:
2266:
2260:
2255:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2213:
2207:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2164:
2158:
2143:
2142:The Telegraph
2139:
2132:
2116:
2115:
2114:Business Wire
2110:
2104:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:brochure-ware
1989:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1944:pay per click
1935:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1910:drop catching
1905:
1902:
1896:
1885:
1882:
1874:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832: –
1831:
1827:
1826:Find sources:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1804:This article
1802:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1756:
1754:
1750:
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1729:
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1716:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1672:typosquatting
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1605:
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1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1406:, popular as
1405:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1317:Protocol Wars
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:Voice over IP
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:File transfer
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:Microblogging
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1198:
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1188:
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1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1010:Data activism
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
986:
985:
980:
979:routing paths
976:
970:
966:
965:
962:
959:
958:
948:
943:
941:
936:
934:
929:
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850:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
819:
818:
813:
812:Financial law
810:
806:
801:
800:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
768:Basel Accords
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
758:
755:
752:
751:
746:
743:
742:
738:
735:
733:
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723:
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695:
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683:
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584:
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550:
547:
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541:
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529:
528:
517:
514:
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509:
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506:Tax inversion
504:
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975:Opte Project
808:
737:Money supply
722:Full-reserve
707:Central bank
567:Student loan
542: /
454:Transactions
265:Time deposit
151:Participants
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3249:Domain hack
3124:speculation
3074:15 November
3049:15 November
3024:15 November
3000:15 November
2976:15 November
2954:24 November
2950:. SnapNames
2924:24 November
2898:24 November
2862:15 November
2829:15 November
2807:15 November
2785:15 November
2763:15 November
2669:15 November
2636:15 November
2610:15 November
2573:15 November
2550:15 November
2546:. Icann.org
2528:15 November
2506:15 November
2502:. Icann.org
2484:15 November
2458:15 November
2454:. Asia.asia
2436:15 November
2404:15 November
2379:15 November
2347:15 November
2304:15 November
2277:15 November
2244:15 November
2218:15 November
2196:15 November
2169:15 November
2147:23 November
1766:domain hack
1753:passing off
1517:information
1443:creditcards
1075:Vigilantism
1060:Slacktivism
275:Credit line
237:Instruments
132:Real estate
95:Derivatives
2569:. Wipo.int
2214:. Denic.de
2052:References
1893:See also:
1841:newspapers
1746:common law
1719:infringing
1695:Intermatic
1690:vs Sumpton
1566:repurposed
1540:sub-domain
1511:. Of the
1267:Television
1187:IP address
1098:Governance
1005:Censorship
805:Regulation
609:Operations
562:Retirement
401:Accounting
285:Derivative
192:Speculator
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3264:Fast flux
3242:Technical
2893:ICANNWiki
2803:. Nominet
2314:cite news
1645:in 1999.
1620:Evolution
1589:domainers
1435:insurance
1416:domaining
1065:Sociology
1015:Democracy
867:Recession
828:ISO 31000
511:Tax haven
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295:Indemnity
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1312:Pioneers
1262:Shopping
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2757:Inc.com
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2121:18 June
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583:Public
540:Credit
497:(BEPS)
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2739:help
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2326:help
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2300:. UK
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