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1173:
550:, returning prisoners of war to San Juan. His mother, Doña Paula Zoila de Albarracín e Irrazábal, was a very pious woman, who lost her father at a young age and was left with very little to support herself. As a result, she took to selling her weaving in order to afford to build a house of her own. On 21 September 1801, José and Paula were married. They had 15 children, 9 of whom died; Domingo was the only son to survive to adulthood. Sarmiento was greatly influenced by his parents, his mother who was always working hard, and his father who told stories of being a patriot and serving his country, something Sarmiento strongly believed in. In Sarmiento's own words:
631:
1362:, Argentine caudillo general. As well as being a call to progress, Sarmiento discusses the nature of Argentine peoples as well as including his thoughts and objections to Juan Manuel de Rosas, governor of Buenos Aires from 1829 to 1832 and again from 1835, due to the turmoil generated by Facundo's death, to 1852. As literary critic Sylvia Molloy observes, Sarmiento claimed that this book helped explain Argentine struggles to European readers, and was cited in European publications. Written with extensive assistance from others, Sarmiento adds to his own memory the quotes, accounts, and dossiers from other historians and companions of Facundo Quiroga.
1309:. He proceeded to open 18 more schools and had mostly female teachers from the United States come to Argentina to instruct graduates how to be effective when teaching. Sarmiento's belief was that education was the key to happiness and success, and that a nation could not be democratic if it was not educated. "We must educate our rulers," he said. "An ignorant people will always choose Rosas.". His views on the South American Indians have been more controversial, with some scholars arguing Sarmiento's views reflected the racism of his day. For example, in the periodical
1094:. According to biographer Allison Bunkley, his presidency "marks the advent of the middle, or land-owning classes as the pivot power of the nation. The age of the gaucho had ended, and the age of the merchant and cattleman had begun." Sarmiento sought to create basic freedoms, and wanted to ensure civil safety and progress for everyone, not just the few. Sarmiento's tour of the United States had given him many new ideas about politics, democracy, and the structure of society, especially when he was the Argentine ambassador to the country from 1865 to 1868. He found
1493:, a publication which led to mass immigration of Europeans to mostly urban Argentina, which Sarmiento believed would assist in 'civilizing' the country over the more barbaric gauchos and rural provinces. This had a large impact on Argentine politics, especially as much of the civil tension in the country was divided between the rural provinces and the cities. In addition to increased urban population, these European immigrants had a cultural effect upon Argentina, providing what Sarmiento believed to be more civilized culture similar to North America's.
1182:
385:
1293:
785:
831:
1256:
554:
1533:
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1012:
677:. For Unitarians like Sarmiento, Rivadavia's presidency was a positive experience. He set up a European-staffed university and supported a public education program for rural male children. He also supported theater and opera groups, publishing houses and a museum. These contributions were considered as civilizing influences by the Unitarians, but they upset the Federalist constituency. Common laborers had their salaries subjected to a government cap, and the
1083:
370:
352:
812:
619:
535:
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33:
721:. He spent much of his time with his uncle learning and began to teach at the only school in town. Later that year, his mother wrote to him asking him to come home. Sarmiento refused, only to receive a response from his father that he was coming to collect him. His father had persuaded the governor of San Juan to send Sarmiento to Buenos Aires to study at the College of Moral Sciences (
862:, who spent much of the 1830s to 1880s first agitating for and then bringing about social change, advocating republicanism, free trade, freedom of speech, and material progress. Though, based in San Juan, Sarmiento was absent from the initial creation of this group, in 1838 he wrote to Alberdi seeking the latter's advice; and in time he would become the group's most fervent supporter.
843:. The government of San Juan did not like Sarmiento's criticisms and censored the magazine by imposing an unaffordable tax upon each purchase. Sarmiento was forced to cease publication of the magazine in 1840. He also founded a school for girls during this time called the Santa Rosa High School, which was a preparatory school. In addition to the school, he founded a Literary Society.
1126:
train systems which he believed to be integral for interregional and national economies, as well as building the Red Line, a train line that would bring goods to Buenos Aires in order to better facilitate trade with Great
Britain. By the end of his presidency, the Red Line extended 1,331 kilometres (827 mi). In 1869, he conducted Argentina's first national census.
1418:, 1843. This was Sarmiento's first autobiography in a pamphlet form, which omits any substantial information or recognition of his illegitimate daughter Ana. This would have discredited Sarmiento as a respected father of Argentina, as Sarmiento portrays himself as a sole individual, disregarding or denouncing important ties to other people and groups in his life.
408:
603:, announced that the six top pupils of each state would be selected to receive higher education in Buenos Aires. Sarmiento was at the top of the list in San Juan, but it was then announced that only ten pupils would receive the scholarship. The selection was made by lot, and Sarmiento was not one of the scholars whose name was drawn.
1070:. A bust of him stood in the Modern Languages Building at the University of Michigan until multiple student protests prompted its removal. Students installed plaques and painted the bust red to represent the controversies surrounding his policies towards the indigenous people in Argentina. There still stands a statue of Sarmiento at
776:. Due to his innovative style of teaching, he found himself in conflict with the governor of the province. He founded his own school in Pocuro as a response to the governor. During this time, Sarmiento fell in love and had an illegitimate daughter named Ana Faustina, who Sarmiento did not acknowledge until she married.
599:, but Sarmiento soon became bored with religion and school, and got involved with a group of aggressive children. Sarmiento's father took him to the Loreto Seminary in 1821, but for reasons unknown, Sarmiento did not enter the seminary, returning instead to San Juan with his father. In 1823, the Minister of State,
1203:
In 1875, following his term as
President, Sarmiento became the General Director of Schools for the Province of Buenos Aires. That same year, he became the Senator for San Juan, a post that he held until 1879, when he became Interior Minister. But he soon resigned, following conflict with the Governor
502:
While president of
Argentina from 1868 to 1874, Sarmiento championed intelligent thought—including education for children and women—and democracy for Latin America. He also took advantage of the opportunity to modernize and develop train systems, a postal system, and a comprehensive education system.
768:
soon resumed, but, one by one, Quiroga vanquished the main allies of
General Paz, including the Governor of San Juan, and in 1831 Sarmiento fled to Chile. He did not return to Argentina for five years. At the time, Chile was noted for its good public administration, its constitutional organization,
562:
I was born in a family that lived long years in mediocrity bordering on destitution, and which is to this day poor in every sense of the word. My father is a good man whose life has nothing remarkable except having served in subordinate positions in the War of
Independence... My mother is the true
486:
during his exile in Chile. The book brought him far more than just literary recognition; he expended his efforts and energy on the war against dictatorships, specifically that of Rosas, and contrasted enlightened Europe—a world where, in his eyes, democracy, social services, and intelligent thought
1125:
He also pushed forward modernization more generally, building infrastructure including 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) of telegraph line across the country for improved communications, making it easier for the government in Buenos Aires and the provinces to communicate; modernizing the postal and
989:
respectively, which strongly attacked Juan Manuel de Rosas. During this stay in Chile, Sarmiento's essays became more strongly opposed to Juan Manuel de Rosas. The
Argentine government tried to have Sarmiento extradited from Chile to Argentina, but the Chilean government refused to hand him over.
742:
horsemen. They constituted an unsettling presence . That sight, with its overwhelmingly negative associations, left an indelible impression on his budding consciousness. For the impressionable youth
Quiroga's ascent to protagonist status in the province's affairs was akin to the rape of civilized
1288:
and in
Argentina. Therefore, his use of the term "liberty" was more in reference to a laissez-faire approach to the economy, and religious liberty. Though a Catholic himself, he began to adopt the ideas of separation of church and state modeled after the US. He believed that there should be more
1023:
In 1854, Sarmiento briefly visited
Mendoza, just across the border from Chile in Western Argentina, but he was arrested and imprisoned. Upon his release, he went back to Chile. But in 1855 he put an end to what was now his "self-imposed" exile in Chile: he arrived in Buenos Aires, soon to become
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notes that, beyond putting an end to caudillismo, Sarmiento's main achievements in government concerned his promotion of education. As Rock reports, "between 1868 and 1874 educational subsidies from the central government to the provinces quadrupled." He established 800 educational and military
1300:
Sarmiento believed that the material and social needs of people had to be satisfied but not at the cost of order and decorum. He put great importance on law and citizen participation. These ideas he most equated to Rome and to the United States, a society which he viewed as exhibiting similar
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Though
Sarmiento is well known historically, he was not a popular president. Indeed, Rock judges that "by and large his administration was a disappointment". During his presidency, Argentina conducted an unpopular war against Paraguay; at the same time, people were displeased with him for not
1139:
and the risk of civil war. Moreover, Sarmiento's presidency was further marked by ongoing rivalry between Buenos Aires and the provinces. In the war against Paraguay, Sarmiento's adopted son was killed. Sarmiento suffered from immense grief and was thought to never have been the same again.
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to power. Though Sarmiento did not follow de Oro's political and religious leanings, he learned the value of intellectual integrity and honesty. He developed scholarly and oratorical skills, qualities which de Oro was famous for. In 1816, at the age of five, Sarmiento began attending the
1267:
Sarmiento was well known for his modernization of the country, and for his improvements to the educational system. He firmly believed in democracy and European liberalism, but was most often seen as a romantic. Sarmiento was well versed in Western philosophy including the works of
865:
In 1840, after being arrested and accused of conspiracy, Sarmiento was forced into exile in Chile again. It was en route to Chile that, in the baths of Zonda, he wrote the graffiti "On ne tue point les idées," an incident that would later serve as the preface to his book
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are dirty Indians, because that's how they are all. Incapable of progress, their extermination is providential and useful, sublime and great. They must be exterminated without even sparing the little one, who already has the instinctive hatred for the civilized man.”
1313:
dated November 25, 1857, Sarmiento wrote: “Will we be able to exterminate the Indians? For the savages of America, I feel an invincible repugnance that I cannot cure. Those scoundrels are not anything more than disgusting Indians that I would hang if they reappeared.
1366:
maintains its relevance in modern-day as well, bringing attention to the contrast of lifestyles in Latin America, the conflict and struggle for progress while maintaining tradition, as well as the moral and ethical treatment of the public by government officials and
1301:
qualities. In order to civilize the Argentine society and make it equal to that of Rome or the United States, Sarmiento believed in eliminating the caudillos, or the larger landholdings and establishing multiple agricultural colonies run by European immigrants.
1477:, a compilation of letters written from 1870 to 1886 on the topic of improved education, promoting and suggesting new reforms such as secondary schools, parks, sporting fields and specialty schools. This compilation was met with far greater success than
747:
Unable to attend school in Buenos Aires due to the political turmoil, Sarmiento chose to fight against Quiroga. He joined and fought in the unitarian army, only to be placed under house arrest when San Juan was eventually taken over by Quiroga after the
769:
and the rare freedom to criticize the regime. In Sarmiento's view, Chile had "Security of property, the continuation of order, and with both of these, the love of work and the spirit of enterprise that causes the development of wealth and prosperity."
1460:
1883, deals with race issues in Latin America in the late 1800s. While situations in the book remain particular to the time period and location, race issues and conflicts of races are still prevalent and enable the book to be relevant in the present
1276:. He was particularly fascinated with the liberty given to those living in the United States, which he witnessed as a representative of the Peruvian government. He did, however, see pitfalls to liberty, pointing for example to the aftermath of the
1559:
and believed in sociological and economic growth for Latin America, something that the Argentine people could not recognize at the time with the soaring standard of living which came with high prices, high wages, and an increased national debt.
1436:
1852. This is Sarmiento's official account of his ideologies promoting civilization and the "Europeanization" and "Americanization" of Argentina. This account includes dossiers, articles, speeches and information regarding the pending
1397:
and therefore fabricating an autobiography based on these files and from his own memory. Sarmiento's persuasion in this book is substantial. The accounts, whether all true or false against him, are a source of information to write
1304:
Coming from a family of writers, orators, and clerics, Domingo Sarmiento placed a great value on education and learning. He opened a number of schools including the first school in Latin America for teachers in Santiago in 1842:
972:
In 1848, Sarmiento voluntarily left to Chile once again. During the same year, he met widow Benita Martínez Pastoriza, married her, and adopted her son, Domingo Fidel, or Dominguito, who would be killed in action during the
1505:, an example of Sarmiento's passion for improved education. Sarmiento focused on illiteracy of the youth, and suggested simplifying reading and spelling for the public education system, a method which was never implemented.
1134:
from Chile. Although he increased productivity, he increased expenditures, which also negatively affected his popularity. In addition, the arrival of a large influx of European immigrants was blamed for the outbreak of
1353:
is Sarmiento's most famous work. It was first published in book form in 1851, and the first English translation, by Mary Mann, appeared in 1868. A recent modern edition in English was translated by Kathleen Ross.
1212:, which is a fundamental reference for Argentine education. In 1882, Sarmiento was successful in passing the sanction of Free Education allowing schools to be free, mandatory, and separate from that of religion.
1031:
It was in 1861, shortly after Mitre became Argentine president, that Sarmiento left Buenos Aires and returned to San Juan, where he was elected governor, a post he took up in 1862. It was then that he passed the
1443:, 1856. This report was the first official statistic report on education in Latin America includes information on gender and location distribution of pupils, salaries and wages, and comparative achievement.
1453:
1864. This work, along with the previous two, were intended to persuade Latin America and Argentines of the benefits of the educational, economic and political systems of the United States, which Sarmiento
1554:
His impact was not only on the world of education, but also on Argentine political and social structure. His ideas are now revered as innovative, though at the time they were not widely accepted. He was a
838:
In 1836, Sarmiento returned to San Juan, seriously ill with typhoid fever; his family and friends thought he would die upon his return, but he recovered and established an anti-federalist journal called
1551:. Today, he is still considered to be Latin America's teacher. In his time, he opened countless schools, created free public libraries, opened immigration, and worked towards a Union of Plate States.
1231:, the Emperor of Brazil and a great admirer of Sarmiento, sent to his funeral procession a green and gold crown of flowers with a message written in Spanish remembering the highlights of his life: "
1106:
area to be the source of much of his influence, writing in an Argentine newspaper that New England was "the cradle of the modern republic, the school for all of America." He described Boston as
447:. His writing spanned a wide range of genres and topics, from journalism to autobiography, to political philosophy and history. He was a member of a group of intellectuals, known as the
1040:. While governor, he developed roads and infrastructure, built public buildings and hospitals, encouraged agriculture and allowed for mineral mining. He resumed his post as editor of
3605:
3062:
Kirkpatrick, Gwen; Masiello, Francine (1994), "Introduction: Sarmiento between History and Fiction", in Halperin Donghi, Tulio; Jaksic, Ivan; Kirkpatrick, Gwen; et al. (eds.),
1776:
1058:. Sarmiento stepped down as governor of San Juan to become the Plenipotentiary Minister to the United States, where he was sent in 1865, soon after the assassination of President
1114:
Not only did Sarmiento evolve political ideas, but also structural ones by transitioning Argentina from a primarily agricultural economy to one focused on cities and industry.
705:
The first time Sarmiento was forced to leave home was with his uncle, José de Oro, in 1827, because of his military activities. José de Oro was a priest who had fought in the
690:
was installed as governor of Buenos Aires province. He quickly made peace with Brazil but, on returning to Argentina, was overthrown and executed by the Unitarian general
654:
was the result. Support for a strong, centralized Argentine government was based in Buenos Aires, and gave rise to two opposing groups. The wealthy and educated of the
4488:
1036:, making it mandatory for children to attend primary school. It allowed for a number of institutions to be opened including secondary schools, military schools and an
4453:
3000:
Halperín Donghi, Tulio (1994), "Sarmiento's Place in Postrevolutionary Argentina", in Halperin Donghi, Tulio; Jaksic, Ivan; Kirkpatrick, Gwen; et al. (eds.),
1003:(Recollections of a Provincial Past). In 1852, Rosas's regime was finally brought down. Sarmiento became involved in debates about the country's new constitution.
4493:
1385:, choosing to relate himself to San Juan and his Argentine heritage. Sarmiento discusses growing up in rural Argentina with basic ideologies and simple livings.
460:
Sarmiento grew up in a poor but politically active family that paved the way for many of his future accomplishments. Between 1843 and 1850, he was frequently in
3133:, vol. 1, World Literature and Its Times: Profiles of Notable Literary Works and the Historical Events That Influenced Them, Detroit: Gale Group, pp.
4698:
4443:
1090:
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento served as President of the Republic of Argentina from 1868 to 1874, becoming president despite the maneuverings of his predecessor
4534:
1424:
1849. A description and observations while travelling as a representative of the Chilean government to learn more about educational systems around the world.
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religious freedom, and less religious affiliation in schools. This was one of many ways in which Sarmiento tried to connect South America to North America.
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3427:
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At sixteen years of age, he stood in front of the shop he tended and viewed the entrance into San Juan of Facundo Quiroga and some six hundred mounted
4648:
3529:
571:. Another uncle who influenced him in his youth was Domingo de Oro, a notable figure in the young Argentine Republic who was influential in bringing
2696:
1467:, 1886. A memoir of Dominguito, Sarmiento's adopted son who was the only child Sarmiento had always accepted. Many of the notes used to compile
538:
A current map of Argentina, showing some of the key locations in Sarmiento's life such as San Juan (to the West) and Buenos Aires (in the East)
4239:
2674:
4658:
1381:), 1850. In this second autobiography, Sarmiento displays a stronger effort to include familial links and ties to his past, in contrast to
702:. By the end of 1829 the old legislature that Lavalle had disbanded was back in place and had appointed Rosas as governor of Buenos Aires.
694:, who took Dorrego's place. However, Lavalle did not spend long as governor either: he was soon overthrown by militias composed largely of
1735:
1487:, which impacted Argentina by influencing many Italians to immigrate by relating Argentinas history to that of Latium of the Roman empire.
567:
At the age of four, Sarmiento was taught to read by his father and his uncle, José Eufrasio Quiroga Sarmiento, who later became Bishop of
1883:
Mi Defensa, in Obras Completas de Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (henceforth OC), vol. 3 (Buenos Aires: Editorial Luz Del Dia, 1948), pp. 6–7
1215:
In May 1888, Sarmiento left Argentina for Paraguay. He was accompanied by his daughter, Ana, and his companion Aurelia Vélez. He died in
2210:
4693:
4683:
1208:. He then assumed the post of Superintendent General of Schools for the National Education Ministry under President Roca and published
965:
in order to examine different education systems and the levels of education and communication. Based on his travels, he wrote the book
4560:
647:
772:
As a form of freedom of expression, Sarmiento began to write political commentary. In addition to writing, he also began teaching in
4718:
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3420:
4673:
3389:
107:
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figure of Christianity in its purest sense; with her, trust in Providence was always the solution to all difficulties in life."
155:
3522:
2534:
1610:
A.K.A. Dominguito, born Domingo Fidel Castro Martínez, natural child of Domingo Castro y Calvo with Benita Martínez Pastoriza
1777:"Lugones and Ingenieros and their homage to Domingo Faustino Sarmiento in the first hundred anniversary of his birth (1911)"
263:
3366:
2549:
796:
1812:
1028:. He was also appointed town councillor in 1856, and 1857 he joined the provincial Senate, a position he held until 1861.
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4633:
4206:
3538:
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1358:
promotes further civilization and European influence on Argentine culture through the use of anecdotes and references to
457:. He was particularly concerned with educational issues and was also an important influence on the region's literature.
351:
4723:
4663:
2697:"From Oppressive to Benign: A Comparative History of the Construction of Whiteness in Brazil in the Post Abolition Era"
503:
He spent many years in ministerial roles on the federal and state levels where he travelled abroad and examined other
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3247:
3228:
3199:
3142:
3112:
3096:
3081:
3052:
3019:
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1922:
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proposes new theories, plans, and methods of education as well as quality controls on schools and learning systems.
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4600:
4092:
3804:
3495:
981:
in 1866. Sarmiento continued to exercise the idea of freedom of the press and began two new periodicals entitled
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on 15 February 1811. His father, José Clemente Quiroga Sarmiento y Funes, had served in the military during the
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3646:
3583:
1934:
1172:
714:
4703:
3578:
3554:
3314:
1219:
on 11 September 1888, from a heart attack, and was buried in Buenos Aires, after a ten-day trip. His tomb at
1122:
institutions, and his improvements to the educational system enabled 100,000 children to attend school.
670:
among their ranks, they were in favor of a loose federation with more autonomy for the individual provinces.
547:
205:
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4393:
1656:
1155:. A year later in 1874, he completed his term as President and stepped down, handing his presidency over to
4733:
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4225:
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1136:
659:
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1511:, a three volume work, describing current political methods as well as propositions for new methodologies.
630:
300:
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3616:
1692:
1574:
1345:, 1845. Written during his long exile in Chile. Originally published in 1845 in Chile in installments in
1236:
1205:
1074:. While on this trip, he was asked to run for President again. He won, taking office on 12 October 1868.
70:
4438:
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3487:
1540:
The impact of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento is most obviously seen in the establishment of September 11 as
3875:
1143:
On 22 August 1873, Sarmiento was the target of an unsuccessful assassination attempt, when two Italian
443:; 15 February 1811 – 11 September 1888) was an Argentine activist, intellectual, writer, statesman and
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3091:
Buenos Aires: Icana y Victoria Ocampo, 2005. Edited by Barry L. Velleman. Translated by Marcela Solá.
886:("Contemporary Latin American Chronicle"). In 1842, Sarmiento was appointed the Director of the first
662:, who were mainly based in rural areas and tended to reject European mores. Numbering figures such as
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4148:
1152:
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were arrested by Rivadavia for vagrancy and forced to work on public projects, usually without pay.
228:
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as he is then able to object and rectify into what he creates as a 'true account' of autobiography.
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In 1827, the Unitarians were challenged by Federalist forces. After the resignation of Rivadavia,
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1284:. He believed that liberty could turn into anarchy and thus civil war, which is what happened in
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894:. During this time he sent for his family from San Juan to Chile. In 1843, Sarmiento published
595:. He had spent a year reading the Bible and often spent time as a child helping his uncle with
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51:
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3242:, translated by Kathleen Ross, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press (published 1845),
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4605:
4267:
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855:
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851:
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invaded Sarmiento's town. As historian William Katra describes this "traumatic experience":
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588:
176:
128:
100:
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188:
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8:
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3209:
Ross, Kathleen (2003), "Translator's Introduction", in Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (ed.),
1393:, Sarmiento uses previous dossiers filed against himself by enemies to assist in writing
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978:
753:
706:
543:
259:
4285:
1112:... Europe contemplates in New England the power which in the future will supplant her."
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which was done in his honor at the 1943 Interamerican Conference on Education, held in
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88:
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1930:
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1197:: The coffin with Sarmiento's body, arriving in Buenos Aires ten days after his death
792:
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728:
Soon after Sarmiento's return, the province of San Juan broke out into civil war and
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523:
384:
3914:
3213:, trans. Kathleen Ross, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 17–26
1684:
658:, such as Sarmiento, favored centralized government. In opposition to them were the
4580:
4191:
4117:
3276:
3170:
3033:", in Halperin Donghi, Tulio; Jaksic, Ivan; Kirkpatrick, Gwen; et al. (eds.),
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Obras, 31: 197, article written October 9, 1865, for El Zonda, Obras, 24: 71. JSTOR
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1223:
lies under a sculpture, a condor upon a pylon, designed by himself and executed by
1148:
1071:
1055:
1037:
773:
504:
439:
4524:
3161:
Penn, Dorothy (August 1946), "Sarmiento--"School Master President" of Argentina",
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1411:
Sarmiento was a prolific author. The following is a selection of his other works:
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4217:
4153:
4009:
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2538:
2214:
1640:
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1059:
1016:
847:
830:
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729:
655:
623:
606:
Like many other nineteenth century Argentines prominent in public life, he was a
587:) of the school. After completing primary school, his mother wanted him to go to
568:
449:
4368:
4081:
3651:
3631:
3263:
3087:. Edited by Barry L. Velleman. There is a Spanish translation of these letters,
870:. Once on the other side of the Andes, in 1841 Samiento started writing for the
4300:
4168:
3703:
3550:
2910:
1680:
1652:
1644:
1624:
1577:, between Gloucester and Hereford streets, erected in 1973. There is a square,
1281:
974:
687:
663:
596:
577:
388:
4398:
3507:
1517:, a history of his presidency, formed of many personal and external documents.
1471:
had been written 20 years prior during one of Sarmiento's stays in Washington.
1255:
1193:: post mortem portrait of Sarmiento in Asunción, Paraguay, 11 September 1888;
995:
4627:
4335:
3935:
3690:
3568:
1791:
1704:
1582:
1556:
1260:
1224:
958:
887:
824:
788:
76:
4076:
3967:
1713:. Vol. 1–4. Richmond, VA: Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co Inc.
1451:
Las Escuelas, base de la prosperidad y de la republica en los Estados Unidos
1319:
1244:
902:
started the serial publication of the first edition of his best-known work,
871:
846:
It is around this time that Sarmiento became associated with the so-called "
804:
4565:
4529:
4378:
4280:
4178:
4138:
3573:
1668:
691:
553:
519:
515:
3169:(3), American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese: 386–389,
2675:"Sarmiento: Argentine National Hero or Ideologue of White Settler Racism?"
1532:
1066:. It was on this trip that Sarmiento received an honorary degree from the
1095:
1011:
946:
877:
635:
2921:
1815:, "Sobre la literatura hispanoamericana. Ensayos" T. I., p. 855. Aguilar
1216:
1050:
of La Rioja and found himself in conflict with the Interior Minister of
534:
511:
279:
3479:
3045:
The Argentine Generation of 1837: Echeverría, Alberti, Sarmiento, Mitre
2850:
1585:'s last sculptures was that of Sarmiento which is now in Buenos Aires.
1430:
1850. A description of a future utopian city in the River Plate States.
3182:
1929:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana. pp. 270–271.
913:
Between the years 1845 and 1847, Sarmiento travelled on behalf of the
3757:
3542:
1269:
1247:, Public Education. Remembrance and Homage from Pedro de Alcântara."
1144:
1062:. Moved by the story of Lincoln, Sarmiento ended up writing his book
738:
651:
607:
454:
3281:
3192:
Argentina, 1516–1982: From Spanish Colonization to the Falklands War
4003:
Fragile Civilian Governments – Proscription of Peronism (1958–1966)
3957:
3285:
3174:
1563:
There is a building named in his honor at the Argentine embassy in
1541:
1109:
1082:
1046:
674:
495:
475:
1499:, which helped to assist political changes for immigrants in 1860.
811:
618:
3452:
3089:"Mi estimado señor": Cartas de Mary Mann a Sarmiento (1865–1881).
2985:(in Spanish), Madrid: Institución de Cooperación Iberoamericana,
1523:, (Edited and translated into English by Michael Aaron Rockland.)
1339:
1315:
1232:
950:
942:
934:
918:
470:
1743:
Perspectivas: Revista trimestral de educación comparada - UNESCO
779:
673:
Opinion of the Rivadavia government was divided between the two
583:. He was a good student, and earned the title of First Citizen (
1570:
1548:
1285:
1108:"The pioneer city of the modern world, the Zion of the ancient
1099:
962:
926:
922:
820:
678:
592:
489:
3223:, ??: Library of Latin America, Oxford University Press,
890:
in South America; the same year he also founded the newspaper
526:
considered him among the greatest writers of Castilian prose.
522:. Today, he is respected as a political innovator and writer.
3076:, Buenos Aires: Instituto Cultural Argentino Norteamericano,
2755:
Lacayo, Herberto. "Untitled." Hispania 32.2 (1949):pp.409-410
938:
930:
465:
461:
2550:
LLEGAN LOS RESTOS DE DOMINGO FAUSTINO SARMIENTO (21/09/1888)
1707:; but whether the lodge was truly masonic has been debated:
898:("My Defence"), while continuing to teach. And in May 1845,
622:
Portrait of Sarmiento at the time of his exile in Chile, by
32:
954:
3105:
At Face Value: Autobiographical Writing in Spanish America
3074:"My Dear Sir": Mary Mann's Letters to Sarmiento, 1865–1881
3037:, ??: University of California Press, pp. 73–100
499:, the ruthless strongmen of nineteenth-century Argentina.
3004:, ??: University of California Press, pp. 19–30
1927:
Cuyano alborotador: la vida de Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
765:
3155:, Evansville Indiana: The University of Evansville Press
3066:, ??: University of California Press, pp. 1–18
2966:(in Portuguese), vol. 1, Rio de Janeiro: J. Olympio
1342:– Civilización y Barbarie – Vida de Juan Facundo Quiroga
468:
and in Argentina. His greatest literary achievement was
407:
3435:
482:, that Sarmiento wrote while working for the newspaper
1784:
Estudios de Filosofía Práctica e Historia de las Ideas
1044:. In 1863, Sarmiento fought against the power of the
2822:
2820:
1077:
752:. He was later released, only to join the forces of
3061:
1850:
1848:
834:
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento in Boston, Massachusetts
650:. This action roused the ire of the provinces, and
4247:
2583:
2581:
1569:Today, there is a statue in honor of Sarmiento in
613:
542:Sarmiento was born in Carrascal, a poor suburb of
2817:
4625:
1845:
3537:
2999:
2578:
2141:
2126:
1921:
850:". This was a group of activists, who included
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
4699:Ambassadors of Argentina to the United States
4233:
3523:
3421:
2879:
2877:
875:
780:San Juan and second and third exiles in Chile
3273:Works by or about Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
3194:, Berkeley: University of California Press,
3120:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2512:
2510:
2485:
2483:
2470:
2468:
2290:
2288:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2110:
2108:
2071:
2069:
2036:
2021:
2009:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1458:Conflicto y armonías de las razas en América
453:, who had a great influence on 19th-century
16:2nd President of Argentina from 1868 to 1874
3669:– First Presidential Government (1826–1827)
3234:. Trans. by Elizabeth Garrels and Asa Zatz.
2305:
2303:
2183:
1867:
1865:
1863:
557:Sarmiento's birthplace, Carrascal, San Juan
4240:
4226:
3530:
3516:
3428:
3414:
2874:
2522:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2032:
2030:
1824:
1151:. They had been hired by federal caudillo
120:6 September 1879 – 9 October 1879
64:12 October 1868 – 11 October 1874
31:
4654:Governors of San Juan Province, Argentina
3606:Supreme directors of the United Provinces
3237:
3218:
3107:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
3047:, London: Associated University Presses,
2794:
2777:
2758:
2593:
2507:
2480:
2465:
2285:
2232:
2147:
2105:
2066:
1898:
713:. Together, Sarmiento and de Oro went to
4649:People from San Juan Province, Argentina
3121:Moss, Joyce; Valestuk, Lorraine (1999),
2300:
1860:
1736:"Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811–1888)"
1531:
1296:Statue of Sarmiento photographed in 2009
1291:
1254:
1081:
1010:
882:, as well working as a publisher of the
829:
810:
791:of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento after the
783:
629:
617:
552:
533:
168:29 August 1879 – 9 October 1879
4561:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
3390:Minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship
3253:The first complete English translation.
3131:Latin American Literature and Its Times
2980:
2970:
2942:
2883:
2868:
2826:
2811:
2788:
2771:
2641:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2516:
2501:
2489:
2474:
2459:
2438:
2415:
2398:
2392:
2368:
2321:
2309:
2294:
2243:
2164:
2114:
2087:
2075:
2060:
2048:
2027:
2003:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1909:
1892:
1871:
1854:
1839:
1774:
1708:
1280:, which he compared to Argentina's own
884:Crónica Contemporánea de Latino América
759:
648:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
529:
108:Minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship
4626:
3150:
3102:
2961:
2838:
2731:
2713:
2560:
2226:
2137:
2135:
1703:is known to have been a member of the
1307:La Escuela Normal Preceptores de Chile
1006:
487:were valued—with the barbarism of the
218:3 January 1862 – 9 April 1864
4221:
3511:
3409:
3042:
3028:
3009:
2694:
2635:
2587:
2572:
2380:
2356:
2344:
2279:
2267:
2255:
2099:
1733:
1604:
1595:
1536:Sarmiento's house on the Parana delta
438:
4249:Argentine Civil Wars (1814–76)
4096:– Military Dictatorships (1976–1983)
4034:– Military Dictatorships (1966–1973)
3982:– Military Dictatorships (1955–1958)
3929:– Military Dictatorships (1943–1946)
3238:Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino (2003),
3219:Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino (2005),
3208:
3189:
3160:
3071:
3014:(in Spanish), New York: Peter Lang,
2743:
2719:
2672:
2660:
2647:
2426:
2409:
1521:Travels in the United States in 1847
1481:and received greater public support.
1422:Viajes por Europa, África, y América
1159:, his former Minister of Education.
967:Viajes por Europa, África, y América
797:Imperial Order of the Southern Cross
514:, Paraguay, at the age of 77 from a
4659:Argentine people of Spanish descent
4207:List of heads of state of Argentina
3282:Works by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
3264:Works by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
3240:Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism
3211:Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism
3029:Katra, William H. (1994), "Reading
2943:Bunkley, Allison Williams (1969) ,
2900:"Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Statue"
2132:
13:
4127:Return to Democracy (1983–present)
3592:
3221:Recollections of a Provincial Past
1825:Campobassi, José Salvador (1975).
1695:, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, and
1379:Recollections of a Provincial Past
264:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
14:
4745:
4694:Ambassadors of Argentina to Chile
4684:19th-century Argentine historians
4545:Pact of San José de Flores (1859)
3257:
3072:Mann, Mary Tyler Peabody (2001),
1434:Comentarios sobre la constitución
1078:President of Argentina, 1868–1874
1034:Statutory Law of Public Education
1024:editor-in-chief of the newspaper
1015:Sarmiento in 1864. Photograph by
917:across parts of South America to
316:
3289:
1813:Hallazgo de Unamuno en Sarmiento
1259:The statue of Sarmiento made by
1210:El Monitor de la Educación Común
1180:
1171:
406:
383:
368:
350:
4719:Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery
4689:Argentine educational theorists
4601:Revolution of 11 September 1852
4093:National Reorganization Process
2981:Galvani, Victoria, ed. (1990),
2915:
2904:
2889:
2862:
2844:
2832:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2688:
2666:
2653:
2629:
2617:
2605:
2566:
2554:
2543:
2495:
2453:
2444:
2432:
2386:
2374:
2362:
2350:
2338:
2327:
2315:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2220:
2170:
2120:
2093:
2081:
2054:
2042:
2015:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1915:
1886:
1877:
1827:Sarmiento y su época, Volumen 1
1613:
1503:Ortografía, Instrucción Publica
1479:Ortografía, Instrucción Publica
1326:
717:, in the neighbour province of
614:Political background and exiles
312:
4674:Foreign ministers of Argentina
4611:Argentine Constitution of 1853
4164:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
3153:Sarmiento in the United States
1833:
1818:
1805:
1768:
1727:
1581:in Rosario, Argentina. One of
1497:On the Condition of Foreigners
1406:
1331:
1162:
795:. He is wearing the Brazilian
715:San Francisco del Monte de Oro
1:
3064:Sarmiento: Author of a Nation
3035:Sarmiento: Author of a Nation
3002:Sarmiento: Author of a Nation
2947:, New York: Greenwood Press,
2936:
2334:After Life: Recoleta Cemetery
2217:. El Historiador; Biografias.
2176:"Los diez años precedentes,"
1923:García Hamilton, José Ignacio
1263:, when being unveiled in 1900
1250:
969:which was published in 1849.
642:In 1826, an assembly elected
38:
3642:Antonio González de Balcarce
3151:Patton, Elda Clayon (1976),
3012:Sarmiento de frente y perfil
2971:Crowley, Francis G. (1972),
2964:História de D. Pedro II
2208:"Domingo Faustino Sarmiento"
1734:Bravo, Héctor Félix (1993).
1721:
1709:Denslow, William R. (1957).
1661:Francisco Narciso de Laprida
1637:Antonio González de Balcarce
1137:Yellow Fever in Buenos Aires
1086:President Sarmiento in 1873.
957:, and to North America, the
440:[doˈmiŋɡosaɾˈmjento]
7:
4576:Revolution of the Restorers
4060:Return of Perón (1973–1976)
3617:Gervasio Antonio de Posadas
3288:(public domain audiobooks)
2896:Smithsonian Art Institution
1775:Herrero, Alejandro (2012).
1693:Gervasio Antonio de Posadas
993:In 1850, he published both
743:society by incarnated evil.
723:Colegio de Ciencias Morales
10:
4750:
4709:Argentine prisoners of war
4634:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
4566:League of the Free Peoples
4535:Protocol of Palermo (1852)
4404:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
4394:Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid
3876:Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear
3772:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
3590:
3496:Inmigración y colonización
3438:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
3043:Katra, William H. (1996),
3010:Katra, William H. (1993),
2983:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
2973:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
2851:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
2532:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
1657:Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid
1601:With María Jesus del Canto
1491:Inmigración y colonización
1233:Civilization and Barbarism
1052:General Mitre's government
975:War of the Triple Alliance
756:, a key unitarian figure.
432:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
25:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
4724:19th-century male writers
4664:Unitarianists (Argentina)
4553:
4502:
4416:
4364:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
4349:
4266:
4255:
4187:
4126:
4090:
4059:
4051:Alejandro Agustín Lanusse
4028:
4002:
3976:
3954:
3923:
3889:
3853:
3785:
3752:
3689:
3665:
3647:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
3604:
3549:
3463:
3444:
3396:
3387:
3381:
3373:
3364:
3356:
3346:
3337:
3329:
3321:
3312:
3304:
3299:
2856:January 13, 2008, at the
2695:DAVIS, DARIÉN J. (2018).
1749:: 808–821. Archived from
1527:
1389:discusses his Similar to
425:
417:
402:
394:
379:
363:
358:
346:
336:
326:
301:Benita Martínez Pastoriza
294:
286:
269:
253:
248:
244:
234:
222:
211:
204:
194:
182:
172:
161:
154:
144:
134:
124:
113:
106:
94:
82:
68:
57:
50:
46:
30:
23:
3488:Informes sobre educación
3367:Minister of the Interior
2213:15 February 2008 at the
2037:Moss & Valestuk 1999
2022:Moss & Valestuk 1999
2010:Moss & Valestuk 1999
1711:10,000 Famous Freemasons
1588:
1575:Commonwealth Avenue Mall
1445:Informes sobre educación
1441:Informes sobre educación
799:given to him by Emperor
156:Minister of the Interior
4669:Presidents of Argentina
4586:Argentine Confederation
3946:Edelmiro Julián Farrell
3695:Argentine Confederation
3555:Independence War Period
3127:: Domingo F. Sarmiento"
3103:Molloy, Sylvia (1991),
2927:March 27, 2008, at the
2537:23 January 2008 at the
1829:. Buenos Aires: Losada.
1509:Práctica Constitucional
910:appeared in book form.
801:Pedro II of Brazil
634:Sarmiento portrayed by
581:La Escuela de la Patria
330:Aurelia Vélez Sársfield
4679:Argentine male writers
4389:Juan Esteban Pedernera
4359:Carlos María de Alvear
4202:President of Argentina
3994:Pedro Eugenio Aramburu
3979:Revolución Libertadora
3744:Juan Esteban Pedernera
3681:Vicente López y Planes
3637:Ignacio Álvarez Thomas
3622:Carlos María de Alvear
3608:of the Río de la Plata
3598:
3472:Recuerdos de Provincia
3340:President of Argentina
3308:Francisco Domingo Díaz
2962:Calmon, Pedro (1975),
2673:Gott, Richard (2011).
1673:Vicente López y Planes
1629:Carlos María de Alvear
1537:
1373:Recuerdos de Provincia
1297:
1264:
1087:
1068:University of Michigan
1020:
1001:Recuerdos de Provincia
876:
835:
827:
815:Monument in homage to
808:
745:
639:
627:
565:
558:
539:
445:President of Argentina
52:President of Argentina
4606:State of Buenos Aires
4489:Pozo de Vargas (1867)
4439:Márquez Bridge (1829)
4326:Justo José de Urquiza
4276:José Gervasio Artigas
4197:Politics of Argentina
4108:Roberto Eduardo Viola
4046:Roberto M. Levingston
3845:Victorino de la Plaza
3835:José Figueroa Alcorta
3820:José Evaristo Uriburu
3754:National Organization
3734:Justo José de Urquiza
3596:
3560:Asamblea del Año XIII
2945:The Life of Sarmiento
1697:Justo José de Urquiza
1621:Juan Bautista Alberdi
1535:
1295:
1258:
1147:brothers shot at his
1085:
1014:
856:Juan Bautista Alberdi
833:
814:
787:
734:
633:
621:
560:
556:
537:
395:Years of service
4704:Argentine Freemasons
4596:Freemen of the South
4525:Cañuelas Pact (1829)
4520:Quadrilateral (1822)
4469:Laguna Limpia (1846)
4374:Bernardino Rivadavia
4331:Ricardo López Jordán
4321:Juan Manuel de Rosas
4296:Juan Bautista Bustos
4149:Adolfo Rodríguez Saá
4072:Raúl Alberto Lastiri
4031:Revolución Argentina
4020:Arturo Umberto Illia
3825:Julio Argentino Roca
3805:Miguel Juárez Celman
3800:Julio Argentino Roca
3729:Juan Manuel de Rosas
3709:Juan Manuel de Rosas
3676:Bernardino Rivadavia
3384:Manuel Montes de Oca
3360:Bernardo de Irigoyen
3315:Governor of San Juan
3190:Rock, David (1985),
2911:Rosario City Website
2142:García Hamilton 1997
2127:García Hamilton 1997
1360:Juan Facundo Quiroga
1221:La Recoleta Cemetery
1153:Ricardo López Jordán
817:Domingo F. Sarmiento
803:during his exile in
760:First exile in Chile
668:Juan Facundo Quiroga
646:as president of the
644:Bernardino Rivadavia
601:Bernardino Rivadavia
573:Juan Manuel de Rosas
548:wars of independence
530:Youth and influences
480:Juan Manuel de Rosas
464:, and wrote in both
315: 1847;
206:Governor of San Juan
189:Bernardo de Irigoyen
140:Manuel Montes de Oca
4734:Racism in Argentina
4729:Argentine Catholics
4591:Uruguayan Civil War
4530:Federal Pact (1831)
4454:Sauce Grande (1840)
4103:Jorge Rafael Videla
4067:Héctor José Cámpora
4041:Juan Carlos Onganía
3941:Pedro Pablo Ramírez
3910:Roberto María Ortiz
3905:Agustín Pedro Justo
3857:Radical Civic Union
3791:Oligarchic Republic
3724:Manuel Vicente Maza
3714:Juan Ramón Balcarce
2922:Musée Rodin Website
1786:. XIX n. 2: 57–72.
1645:Antonio Luis Beruti
1633:Miguel de Azcuénaga
1515:Presidential Papers
1132:Straits of Magellan
1098:, specifically the
1007:Return to Argentina
707:Battle of Chacabuco
544:San Juan, Argentina
518:. He was buried in
493:and especially the
327:Domestic partner(s)
4714:Shooting survivors
4540:San Nicolás (1852)
4494:Don Gonzalo (1873)
4144:Fernando de la Rúa
4077:Juan Domingo Perón
3968:Juan Domingo Perón
3900:José Félix Uriburu
3777:Nicolás Avellaneda
3758:Argentine Republic
3719:Juan José Viamonte
3667:Unitarian Republic
3657:Juan Pedro Aguirre
3627:Juan José Viamonte
3599:
3584:Second Triumvirate
3350:Nicolás Avellaneda
3300:Political offices
2975:, New York: Twayne
2563:, pp. 407–408
2347:, pp. 173–176
1811:A. Fernándes Leys
1701:José de San Martín
1649:Juan José Castelli
1619:The list includes
1538:
1485:El camino de Lacio
1475:Educar al soberano
1469:Vida de Dominguito
1465:Vida de Dominguito
1298:
1265:
1157:Nicolás Avellaneda
1088:
1021:
915:Chilean government
852:Esteban Echeverría
848:Generation of 1837
836:
828:
809:
711:General San Martín
640:
628:
559:
540:
510:Sarmiento died in
450:Generation of 1837
412:Divisional General
177:Nicolás Avellaneda
129:Nicolás Avellaneda
101:Nicolás Avellaneda
4619:
4618:
4444:La Tablada (1829)
4412:
4411:
4311:Alejandro Heredia
4291:Francisco Ramírez
4215:
4214:
4174:Alberto Fernández
4113:Leopoldo Galtieri
3961:terms (1946–1955)
3926:Revolution of '43
3881:Hipólito Yrigoyen
3871:Hipólito Yrigoyen
3810:Carlos Pellegrini
3787:Generation of '80
3597:Flag of Argentina
3579:First Triumvirate
3505:
3504:
3404:
3403:
3397:Succeeded by
3376:Benjamín Zorrilla
3374:Succeeded by
3347:Succeeded by
3324:Santiago Lloveras
3322:Succeeded by
3268:Project Gutenberg
1689:Carlos Pellegrini
1278:French Revolution
1204:of Buenos Aires,
1130:fighting for the
793:Battle of Caseros
698:led by Rosas and
524:Miguel de Unamuno
505:education systems
429:
428:
420:Philosophy career
273:11 September 1888
240:Santiago Lloveras
200:Benjamín Zorrilla
4741:
4581:Unitarian League
4434:San Roque (1829)
4286:Estanislao López
4264:
4263:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4219:
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4192:Portal:Argentina
4118:Reynaldo Bignone
4015:José María Guido
3840:Roque Sáenz Peña
3532:
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3509:
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3430:
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3416:
3407:
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3382:Preceded by
3357:Preceded by
3330:Preceded by
3305:Preceded by
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3277:Internet Archive
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1274:John Stuart Mill
1184:
1175:
1072:Brown University
1056:Guillermo Rawson
1038:all-girls school
881:
700:Estanislao López
585:Primer Ciudadano
442:
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387:
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359:Military service
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249:Personal details
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4571:Arequito Revolt
4549:
4498:
4464:Caaguazú (1841)
4459:Famaillá (1841)
4449:Oncativo (1830)
4408:
4345:
4341:Chacho Peñaloza
4316:Pascual Echagüe
4306:Facundo Quiroga
4259:
4257:
4251:
4246:
4216:
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4159:Néstor Kirchner
4154:Eduardo Duhalde
4122:
4086:
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4010:Arturo Frondizi
3998:
3989:Eduardo Lonardi
3972:
3950:
3919:
3891:Infamous Decade
3885:
3849:
3830:Manuel Quintana
3815:Luis Sáenz Peña
3781:
3767:Bartolomé Mitre
3748:
3739:Santiago Derqui
3685:
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1641:Manuel Belgrano
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
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1596:
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1579:Plaza Sarmiento
1565:Washington D.C.
1530:
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1199:
1198:
1187:
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1092:Bartolomé Mitre
1080:
1064:Vida de Lincoln
1060:Abraham Lincoln
1017:Eugenio Courret
1009:
860:Bartolomé Mitre
782:
762:
750:battle of Pilar
730:Facundo Quiroga
656:Unitarian Party
624:Franklin Rawson
616:
597:church services
532:
435:
418:
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319: 1857)
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287:Political party
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83:
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58:
42:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4512:
4506:
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4499:
4497:
4496:
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4486:
4481:
4476:
4474:Caseros (1852)
4471:
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4456:
4451:
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4436:
4431:
4429:Navarro (1828)
4426:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
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4384:José María Paz
4381:
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4301:Manuel Dorrego
4298:
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3704:Manuel Dorrego
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3399:Lucas González
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3258:External links
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3235:
3229:
3216:
3206:
3200:
3187:
3175:10.2307/333368
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2248:
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2206:Felipe Pigna,
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1756:on 24 May 2022
1725:
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1685:Juan José Paso
1681:Mariano Moreno
1653:Domingo French
1625:Manuel Alberti
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664:Manuel Dorrego
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4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4134:Raúl Alfonsín
4132:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:Arturo Rawson
3934:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:secret ballot
3860:terms, after
3859:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3691:Pacto Federal
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3603:
3595:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:Primera Junta
3567:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3392:
3391:
3380:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3355:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3328:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3303:
3298:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3249:0-520-23980-6
3245:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3230:0-19-511369-1
3226:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3201:0-520-05189-0
3197:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3146:
3144:0-7876-3726-2
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3114:0-521-33195-1
3110:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3097:987-1198-03-5
3094:
3090:
3085:
3083:987-98659-0-1
3079:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3054:0-8386-3599-7
3050:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3021:0-8204-2044-1
3017:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2992:84-7232-577-6
2988:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2954:0-8371-2392-5
2950:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2886:, p. 166
2885:
2880:
2878:
2871:, p. 167
2870:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2840:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2752:
2745:
2740:
2734:, p. 145
2733:
2728:
2721:
2716:
2698:
2691:
2676:
2669:
2663:, p. 388
2662:
2656:
2650:, p. 388
2649:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2626:, p. 168
2625:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2456:
2447:
2441:, p. 449
2440:
2435:
2429:, p. 130
2428:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2412:, p. 387
2411:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2389:
2383:, p. 191
2382:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2359:, p. 189
2358:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2229:, p. 407
2228:
2223:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2096:
2089:
2084:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2039:, p. 173
2038:
2033:
2031:
2024:, p. 172
2023:
2018:
2012:, p. 171
2011:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1889:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1726:
1712:
1706:
1705:Lautaro Lodge
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1557:self-made man
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:Teacher's Day
1543:
1534:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1437:constitution.
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1261:Auguste Rodin
1257:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1241:Monte Caseros
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:Victor de Pol
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1013:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:
991:
988:
984:
980:
976:
970:
968:
964:
960:
959:United States
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
925:, to Europe,
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:Normal School
885:
880:
879:
873:
869:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
832:
826:
825:Massachusetts
822:
818:
813:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:Daguerreotype
786:
777:
775:
770:
767:
764:Fighting and
757:
755:
751:
744:
741:
740:
733:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
684:
682:
681:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
637:
632:
625:
620:
611:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
579:
574:
570:
564:
555:
551:
549:
545:
536:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
500:
498:
497:
492:
491:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
451:
446:
441:
433:
424:
421:
416:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
390:
386:
382:
378:
366:
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
342:Domingo Fidel
339:
335:
329:
325:
302:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
272:
268:
265:
261:
256:
252:
247:
243:
239:
233:
230:
227:
221:
215:
210:
207:
203:
199:
193:
190:
187:
181:
178:
175:
171:
165:
160:
157:
153:
149:
143:
139:
133:
130:
127:
123:
117:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
93:
90:
87:
81:
78:
77:Adolfo Alsina
75:
72:
67:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
37:Sarmiento in
34:
29:
22:
19:
4621:
4510:Pilar (1820)
4484:Pavón (1861)
4403:
4379:Juan Lavalle
4369:José Rondeau
4281:Mariano Vera
4179:Javier Milei
4139:Carlos Menem
4091:
4082:Isabel Perón
4029:
3977:
3956:
3924:
3855:
3790:
3771:
3753:
3666:
3652:José Rondeau
3632:José Rondeau
3574:Junta Grande
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3451:
3437:
3388:
3365:
3338:
3313:
3239:
3220:
3210:
3191:
3166:
3162:
3152:
3130:
3124:
3104:
3088:
3073:
3063:
3044:
3034:
3030:
3011:
3001:
2982:
2972:
2963:
2944:
2917:
2906:
2891:
2884:Crowley 1972
2869:Crowley 1972
2864:
2846:
2841:, p. 33
2834:
2829:, p. 24
2827:Crowley 1972
2814:, p. 28
2812:Crowley 1972
2791:, p. 29
2789:Crowley 1972
2774:, p. 26
2772:Crowley 1972
2751:
2746:, p. 17
2739:
2727:
2722:, p. 18
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2668:
2655:
2643:
2638:, p. 89
2631:
2624:Crowley 1972
2619:
2614:, p. 38
2612:Crowley 1972
2607:
2602:, p. 39
2600:Crowley 1972
2595:
2590:, p. 79
2575:, p. 78
2568:
2556:
2545:
2529:(in Spanish)
2524:
2519:, p. 25
2517:Galvani 1990
2504:, p. 23
2502:Crowley 1972
2497:
2492:, p. 22
2490:Crowley 1972
2477:, p. 21
2475:Crowley 1972
2462:, p. 20
2460:Crowley 1972
2455:
2446:
2439:Bunkley 1969
2434:
2393:Galvani 1990
2388:
2376:
2371:, p. 23
2369:Galvani 1990
2364:
2352:
2340:
2329:
2324:, p. 22
2322:Galvani 1990
2317:
2310:Crowley 1972
2297:, p. 20
2295:Galvani 1990
2282:, p. 41
2275:
2270:, p. 35
2263:
2251:
2246:, p. 16
2244:Crowley 1972
2222:
2177:
2172:
2167:, p. 10
2165:Crowley 1972
2122:
2117:, p. 77
2115:Bunkley 1969
2102:, p. 29
2095:
2090:, p. 50
2088:Bunkley 1969
2083:
2078:, p. 49
2076:Bunkley 1969
2063:, p. 47
2061:Bunkley 1969
2056:
2051:, p. 15
2049:Crowley 1972
2044:
2017:
2005:
2000:, p. 45
1998:Bunkley 1969
1993:
1988:, p. 44
1986:Bunkley 1969
1981:
1976:, p. 38
1974:Bunkley 1969
1969:
1964:, p. 37
1962:Bunkley 1969
1957:
1952:, p. 36
1950:Bunkley 1969
1945:
1926:
1917:
1912:, p. 26
1910:Bunkley 1969
1895:, p. 35
1893:Bunkley 1969
1888:
1879:
1874:, p. 24
1872:Bunkley 1969
1857:, p. 31
1855:Bunkley 1969
1842:, p. 11
1840:Crowley 1972
1835:
1826:
1820:
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1783:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1751:the original
1746:
1742:
1729:
1710:
1669:Juan Lavalle
1615:
1606:
1597:
1578:
1568:
1562:
1553:
1539:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1327:Publications
1311:El Nacional,
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1266:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1142:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1107:
1089:
1063:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1000:
994:
992:
986:
982:
971:
966:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
883:
867:
864:
845:
840:
837:
816:
771:
763:
746:
737:
735:
727:
722:
704:
695:
692:Juan Lavalle
685:
679:
672:
641:
605:
591:to become a
584:
580:
566:
561:
541:
520:Buenos Aires
516:heart attack
509:
501:
494:
488:
483:
469:
459:
448:
431:
430:
419:
340:Ana Faustina
275:(1888-09-11)
236:Succeeded by
213:
196:Succeeded by
163:
146:Succeeded by
115:
96:Succeeded by
59:
18:
4644:1888 deaths
4639:1811 births
4399:Pedro Ferré
4268:Federalists
3893:(1930–1943)
3864:(1916–1930)
3793:(1880–1916)
3760:(1862–1880)
3697:(1827–1862)
3610:(1814–1820)
3562:(1810–1814)
3464:Non-fiction
2839:Patton 1976
2732:Molloy 1991
2561:Calmon 1975
2312:, p. 9
2227:Calmon 1975
2180:May 1, 1841
2178:El Nacional
1665:Juan Larrea
1542:Panamerican
1428:Argirópolis
1407:Other works
1349:newspaper,
1347:El Progreso
1332:Major works
1163:Final years
1096:New England
1026:El Nacional
996:Argirópolis
947:Switzerland
906:; in July,
900:El Progreso
892:El Progreso
878:El Mercurio
754:General Paz
660:Federalists
636:Ignacio Baz
484:El Progreso
332:(1857–1888)
224:Preceded by
184:Preceded by
136:Preceded by
84:Preceded by
4628:Categories
4351:Unitarians
3480:Mi defensa
3344:1868–1874
3319:1862–1864
2937:References
2636:Katra 1994
2588:Katra 1994
2573:Katra 1994
2381:Katra 1996
2357:Katra 1996
2345:Katra 1996
2280:Katra 1993
2268:Katra 1993
2256:Katra 1996
2100:Katra 1996
1936:9500712504
1797:13 October
1760:13 October
1454:supported.
1416:Mi defensa
1383:Mi defensa
1320:Caupolicán
1251:Philosophy
1245:Petrópolis
1119:David Rock
1117:Historian
987:La Crónica
983:La Tribuna
896:Mi Defensa
874:newspaper
872:Valparaíso
805:Petrópolis
675:ideologies
364:Allegiance
282:, Paraguay
4260:(leaders)
3543:Argentina
3436:Works by
2744:Ross 2003
2720:Ross 2003
2661:Penn 1946
2648:Penn 1946
2427:Rock 1985
2410:Penn 1946
1792:1515-7180
1722:Footnotes
1400:Recuerdos
1395:Recuerdos
1387:Recuerdos
1270:Karl Marx
1145:anarchist
1104:Cambridge
979:Curupaytí
774:Los Andes
739:montonera
652:civil war
608:freemason
455:Argentina
398:1834–1863
375:Argentina
347:Signature
214:In office
173:President
164:In office
125:President
116:In office
60:In office
4554:See also
4503:Treaties
4258:involved
3958:Peronist
3286:LibriVox
3163:Hispania
2925:Archived
2854:Archived
2535:Archived
2211:Archived
1925:(1997).
1367:regimes.
1237:Tonelero
1229:Pedro II
1217:Asunción
1110:Puritans
1047:caudillo
1042:El Zonda
841:El Zonda
719:San Luis
512:Asunción
496:caudillo
476:critique
436:Spanish:
337:Children
280:Asunción
260:San Juan
4417:Battles
4256:Parties
3453:Facundo
3275:at the
3135:171–180
3125:Facundo
2705:23 June
2680:23 June
1573:on the
1391:Facundo
1364:Facundo
1356:Facundo
1351:Facundo
1340:Facundo
1316:Lautaro
1195:(right)
951:England
943:Armenia
935:Algeria
919:Uruguay
908:Facundo
904:Facundo
868:Facundo
807:in 1852
696:gauchos
680:gauchos
589:Córdoba
471:Facundo
321:
309:
305:
290:Liberal
3955:First
3854:First
3558:up to
3491:(1856)
3483:(1843)
3475:(1850)
3456:(1845)
3445:Novels
3246:
3227:
3198:
3183:333368
3181:
3141:
3111:
3095:
3080:
3051:
3031:Viajes
3018:
2989:
2951:
1933:
1790:
1571:Boston
1549:Panama
1528:Legacy
1286:France
1191:(Left)
1100:Boston
963:Canada
927:France
923:Brazil
858:, and
821:Boston
709:under
593:priest
490:gaucho
373:
295:Spouse
3394:1879
3371:1879
3179:JSTOR
2700:(PDF)
2659:qtd.
1780:(PDF)
1754:(PDF)
1747:XXIII
1739:(PDF)
1589:Notes
1583:Rodin
1149:coach
953:, to
939:Italy
931:Spain
466:Chile
462:exile
311:(
307:
3693:and
3553:and
3244:ISBN
3225:ISBN
3196:ISBN
3139:ISBN
3109:ISBN
3093:ISBN
3078:ISBN
3049:ISBN
3016:ISBN
2987:ISBN
2949:ISBN
2707:2023
2682:2023
1931:ISBN
1799:2020
1788:ISSN
1762:2020
1461:day.
1318:and
1272:and
999:and
985:and
961:and
955:Cuba
666:and
569:Cuyo
474:, a
403:Rank
317:sep.
270:Died
254:Born
41:1874
3541:of
3284:at
3266:at
3171:doi
977:at
819:in
766:war
725:).
478:of
4630::
3789:–
3756:–
3177:,
3167:29
3165:,
3137:,
3129:,
2898:.
2876:^
2819:^
2796:^
2779:^
2760:^
2580:^
2509:^
2482:^
2467:^
2417:^
2400:^
2302:^
2287:^
2234:^
2185:^
2149:^
2134:^
2107:^
2068:^
2029:^
1900:^
1862:^
1847:^
1782:.
1745:.
1741:.
1699:.
1691:,
1687:,
1683:,
1679:,
1675:,
1671:,
1667:,
1663:,
1659:,
1655:,
1651:,
1647:,
1643:,
1639:,
1635:,
1631:,
1627:,
1623:,
1243:,
1239:,
1235:,
1227:.
1054:,
949:,
945:,
941:,
937:,
933:,
929:,
921:,
854:,
823:,
610:.
507:.
313:m.
262:,
39:c.
4241:e
4234:t
4227:v
3531:e
3524:t
3517:v
3429:e
3422:t
3415:v
3215:.
3205:.
3186:.
3173::
3157:.
3123:"
3099:.
3068:.
3058:.
3039:.
3025:.
3006:.
2996:.
2977:.
2958:.
2709:.
2684:.
1939:.
1801:.
1764:.
1377:(
1102:-
1019:.
638:.
626:.
434:(
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