554:
274:
modeled on
Dominique; Toohey persuades Stoddard to sue Roark for malpractice. Toohey and several architects (including Keating) testify at the trial that Roark is incompetent as an architect for his rejection of historical styles. Dominique also argues for the prosecution in tones that can be interpreted to be speaking more in Roark's defense than for the plaintiff, but he loses the case. Dominique decides that since she cannot have the world she wants, in which men like Roark are recognized for their greatness, she will live entirely in the world she has, which shuns Roark and praises Keating. She marries Keating and turns herself over to him, doing and saying whatever he wants, and actively persuading potential clients to hire him instead of Roark.
563:
47:
234:
308:
991:
780:
338:. Rand described the inspiration as limited to specific ideas he had about architecture and "the pattern of his career". She denied that Wright had anything to do with the philosophy expressed by Roark or the events of the plot. Rand's denials have not stopped commentators from claiming stronger connections between Wright and Roark. Wright equivocated about whether he thought Roark was based on him, sometimes implying that he did, at other times denying it. Wright biographer
445:
394:, described by Rand as "the woman for a man like Howard Roark". Rand described Dominique as similar to herself "in a bad mood". For most of the novel, the character operates from a mistaken belief that a corrupt world will destroy the things she values. Believing that the values she admires cannot survive in the real world, she chooses to turn away from them so that the world cannot harm her. Only at the end of the novel does she accept that she can be happy and survive.
1316:
1551:
367:, focused on improving his career and social standing using a combination of personal manipulation and conformity to popular styles. He follows a similar path in his private life: he chooses a loveless marriage to Dominique instead of marrying the woman he loves—who lacks Dominique's beauty and social connections. By middle age, Keating's career is in decline and he is unhappy with his path, but it is too late for him to change.
262:, while she is staying at her family's estate nearby. They are immediately attracted to each other, leading to a rough sexual encounter that Dominique later calls a rape. Shortly after, Roark is notified that a client is ready to start a new building, and he returns to New York. Dominique also returns to New York and learns that Roark is an architect. She attacks his work in public, but visits him for secret sexual encounters.
380:
281:, Dominique agrees to sleep with Wynand. Wynand is so strongly attracted to Dominique that he pays Keating to divorce her, after which Wynand and Dominique marry. Wanting to build a home for himself and his new wife, Wynand discovers that Roark designed every building he likes and so hires him. Roark and Wynand become close friends; Wynand is unaware of Roark's past relationship with Dominique.
970:"rape by engraved invitation". She said Dominique wanted and "all but invited" the act, citing, among other things, a passage where Dominique scratches a marble slab in her bedroom to invite Roark to repair it. A true rape, Rand said, would be "a dreadful crime". Defenders of the novel have agreed with this interpretation. In an essay specifically explaining this scene,
679:, her boss put her in touch with the Bobbs-Merrill Company. A recently hired editor, Archibald Ogden, liked the book, but two internal reviewers gave conflicting opinions. One said it was a great book that would never sell; the other said it was trash but would sell well. Ogden's boss, Bobbs-Merrill president D.L. Chambers, decided to reject the book. Ogden responded by
289:
prospect of closing the paper, Wynand gives in and publishes a denunciation of Roark. At his trial, Roark makes a lengthy speech about the value of ego and integrity, and he is found not guilty. Dominique leaves Wynand for Roark. Wynand, who has betrayed his own values by attacking Roark, finally grasps the nature of the power he thought he held. He shuts down the
599:, in 1934. That earlier novel was based in part on people and events familiar to Rand; the new novel, on the other hand, focused on the less-familiar world of architecture. She therefore conducted extensive research that included reading many biographies and other books about architecture. She also worked as an unpaid typist in the office of architect
800:
architectural firms and commissions from clients because he is unwilling to copy conventional architectural styles. In contrast, Keating's mimicry of convention brings him top honors in school and an immediate job offer. The same conflict between innovation and tradition is reflected in the career of Roark's mentor, Henry
Cameron.
614:. Rand also planned to introduce the novel's four sections with quotes from Friedrich Nietzsche, whose ideas had influenced her own intellectual development, but she eventually decided that Nietzsche's ideas were too different from hers. She edited the final manuscript to remove the quotes and other allusions to him.
285:
for complete anonymity and
Keating's promise that it will be built exactly as designed. After taking a long vacation with Wynand, Roark returns to find that Keating was not able to prevent major changes from being made in Cortlandt's construction. Roark dynamites the project to prevent the subversion of his vision.
1130:
wrote that she had loved the novel when she was 18, but admitted that she "missed the point", which she suggested is largely subliminal sexual metaphor. Ephron wrote that she decided upon rereading that "it is better read when one is young enough to miss the point. Otherwise, one cannot help thinking
881:
when many other reviewers did not. There were other positive reviews, although Rand dismissed many of them as either not understanding her message or as being from unimportant publications. A number of negative reviews focused on the length of the novel, such as one that called it "a whale of a book"
671:
signed a contract to publish the book. When Rand was only a quarter done with the manuscript by
October 1940, Knopf canceled her contract. Several other publishers rejected the book. When Rand's agent began to criticize the novel, Rand fired the agent and decided to handle submissions herself. Twelve
273:
who shapes public opinion through his column and a circle of influential associates. Toohey sets out to destroy Roark through a smear campaign. He recommends Roark to Hopton
Stoddard, a wealthy acquaintance who wants to build a Temple of the Human Spirit. Roark's unusual design includes a nude statue
257:
After
Cameron retires, Keating hires Roark, whom Francon soon fires for refusing to design a building in the classical style. Roark works briefly at another firm, then opens his own office but has trouble finding clients and closes it down. He gets a job in a granite quarry owned by Francon. There he
181:
risked his job to get it published. Contemporary reviewers' opinions were polarized. Some praised the novel as a powerful paean to individualism, while others thought it overlong and lacking sympathetic characters. Initial sales were slow, but the book gained a following by word of mouth and became a
362:
who bases his choices on what others want. Introduced to the reader as Roark's classmate in architecture school, two years ahead of him, Keating does not really want to be an architect. He loves painting, but his mother steers him toward architecture instead. In this as in all his decisions, Keating
284:
Washed up and out of the public eye, Keating pleads with Toohey to use his influence to get the commission for the much-sought-after
Cortlandt housing project. Keating knows his most successful projects were aided by Roark, so he asks for Roark's help in designing Cortlandt. Roark agrees in exchange
173:
newspaper publisher Gail Wynand seeks to shape popular opinion; he befriends Roark, then betrays him when public opinion turns in a direction he cannot control. The novel's most controversial character is Roark's lover, Dominique
Francon. She believes that non-conformity has no chance of winning, so
370:
Rand did not use a specific architect as a model for
Keating. Her inspiration for the character came from a neighbor she knew while working in Hollywood in the early 1930s. Rand asked this young woman to explain her goals in life. The woman's response was focused on social comparisons: The neighbor
969:
Rand's posthumously published working notes for the novel indicate that when she started on the book in 1936, she conceived of Roark's character that "were it necessary, he could rape her and feel justified". She denied that what happened in the finished novel was actually rape, referring to it as
931:
to be Rand's best novel, although in some cases this assessment is tempered by an overall negative judgment of Rand's writings. Purely negative evaluations have also continued; a 2011 overview of
American literature said "mainstream literary culture dismissed in the 1940s and continues to dismiss
791:
Rand chose the profession of architecture as the background for her novel, although she knew nothing about the field beforehand. As a field that combines art, technology, and business, it allowed her to illustrate her primary themes in multiple areas. Rand later wrote that architects provide "both
770:
hardly mentions politics or economics, despite the fact that it was born in the 1930s. Nor does it deal with world affairs, although it was written during World War II. It is about one man against the system, and it does not permit other matters to intrude." Early drafts of the novel included more
288:
Roark is arrested and his action is widely condemned, but Wynand decides to use his papers to defend his friend. This unpopular stance hurts the circulation of his newspapers, and Wynand's employees go on strike after Wynand dismisses Toohey for disobeying him and criticizing Roark. Faced with the
249:
and gets a job with Henry Cameron. Cameron was once a renowned architect, but now gets few commissions. In the meantime, Roark's popular but vacuous fellow student and housemate Peter Keating (whom Roark sometimes helped with projects) graduates with high honors. He too moves to New York, where he
1597:
has been translated into Albainian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Lithuanian, Marathi, Mongolian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish,
799:
Roark's modernist approach to architecture is contrasted with that of most of the other architects in the novel. In the opening chapter, the dean of his architecture school tells Roark that the best architecture must copy the past rather than innovate or improve. Roark repeatedly loses jobs with
455:
Ellsworth Monkton Toohey is Roark's antagonist. He is Rand's personification of evil—the most active and self-aware villain in any of her novels. Toohey is a socialist and represents the spirit of collectivism more generally. He styles himself as representative of the will of the masses, but his
1236:
In letters written at the time, Rand's reaction to the film was positive. She said it was the most faithful adaptation of a novel ever made in Hollywood. and a "real triumph". Sales of the novel increased as a result of interest spurred by the film. She displayed a more negative attitude later,
523:
was about two construction workers working on a skyscraper who are rivals for a woman's love. Rand rewrote it, transforming the rivals into architects. One of them, Howard Kane, was an idealist dedicated to erecting the skyscraper despite enormous obstacles. The film would have ended with Kane
965:
suggested that women who enjoy such "masochistic fantasies" are "damaged" and have low self-esteem. While Mimi Reisel Gladstein found elements to admire in Rand's female protagonists, she said that readers who have "a raised consciousness about the nature of rape" would disapprove of Rand's
981:
said that while Dominique is "thoroughly taken", there is nonetheless "clear indication" that Dominique both gave consent for and enjoyed the experience. Both Bernstein and McElroy saw the interpretations of feminists such as Brownmiller as based in a false understanding of sexuality.
733:
Some passages were removed from the text prior to the publication, the most important of which concerns the relationship of Howard Roark with actress Vesta Dunning, a character that was cut from the finished novel. The deleted passages were first published posthumously in
475:
to help her imagine what Toohey would do in a given situation. She attended a New York lecture by Laski as part of gathering material for the novel, following which she changed the physical appearance of the character to be similar to that of Laski. New York intellectuals
161:
Roark is opposed by what he calls "second-handers", who value conformity over independence and integrity. These include Roark's former classmate, Peter Keating, who succeeds by following popular styles but turns to Roark for help with design problems. Ellsworth Toohey, a
414:
that eventually leads to his downfall. In her journals Rand described Wynand as "the man who could have been" a heroic individualist, contrasting him to Roark, "the man who can be and is". Some elements of Wynand's character were inspired by real-life newspaper tycoon
1237:
saying she disliked the entire movie and complaining about its editing, acting, and other elements. Rand said she would never sell rights to another novel to a film company that did not allow her to pick the director and screenwriter, as well as edit the film.
1066:
has continued to have strong sales throughout the last century into the current one. By 2023, it had sold over 10 million copies. It has also been referred to in a variety of popular entertainments, including movies, television series, and other novels.
293:
and commissions a final building from Roark, a skyscraper that will serve as a monument to human achievement. Eighteen months later, the Wynand Building is under construction. Dominique, now Roark's wife, enters the site to meet him atop its steel framework.
1147:
was not only influential among 20th century architects, but also it "was one, first, front and center in the life of every architect who was a modern architect". The novel also had a significant impact on the public perception of architecture. During his
423:
and mixed success in attempts to gain political influence. Wynand ultimately fails in his attempts to wield power, losing his newspaper, his wife (Dominique), and his friendship with Roark. The character has been interpreted as a representation of the
706:
was published on May 7, 1943, with 7,500 copies in the first printing. Initial sales were slow, but they began to rise in late 1943, driven primarily by word of mouth. The novel began appearing on bestseller lists in 1944. It reached number six on
761:
identified the individualism presented in the novel as being specifically of an American kind, portrayed in the context of that country's society and institutions. Apart from scenes such as Roark's courtroom defense of the American concept of
957:, denounced what she called "Rand's philosophy of rape", for portraying women as wanting "humiliation at the hands of a superior man". She called Rand "a traitor to her own sex". Susan Love Brown said the scene presents Rand's view of sex as
1046:
also attracted a new group of fans who were attracted to its philosophical ideas. When she moved back to New York in 1951, she gathered a group of these admirers to whom she referred publicly as "the Class of '43" in reference to the year
250:
has been offered a position with the prestigious architecture firm, Francon & Heyer. Keating ingratiates himself with Guy Francon and works to remove rivals among his coworkers. After Francon's partner, Lucius Heyer, suffers a fatal
149:
who battles against conventional standards and refuses to compromise with an architectural establishment unwilling to accept innovation. Roark embodies what Rand believed to be the ideal man, and his struggle reflects Rand's belief that
1098:, for example, credited these works with converting him from socialism to what he called "an older American philosophy" of libertarian and conservative ideas. Literature professor Philip R. Yannella said the novel is "a central text of
1346:
playing Dominique Francon. The four-hour production used video projections to show close-ups of the actors and Roark's drawings, as well as backgrounds of the New York skyline. After its debut the production went on tour, appearing in
456:
actual desire is for power over others. He controls individual victims by destroying their sense of self-worth and seeks broader power (over "the world", as he declares to Keating in a moment of candor) by promoting the ideals of
244:
In early 1922, Howard Roark is expelled from the architecture department of the Stanton Institute of Technology because he has not adhered to the school's preference for historical convention in building design. Roark goes to
1138:
as an inspiration for their work. Architect Fred Stitt, founder of the San Francisco Institute of Architecture, dedicated a book to his "first architectural mentor, Howard Roark". According to architectural photographer
897:
called her "an interesting case study in perverseness". Writer Tore Boeckmann described her as a character with conflicting beliefs and saw her actions as a logical representation of how those conflicts might play out.
1117:
The book has a particular appeal to young people, an appeal that led historian James Baker to describe it as "more important than its detractors think, although not as important as Rand fans imagine". Philosopher
866:
praised Rand as writing "brilliantly, beautifully and bitterly", stating that she had "written a hymn in praise of the individual" that would force readers to rethink basic ideas. Writing for the same newspaper,
5434:
721:
A 25th anniversary edition was issued by the New American Library in 1971, including a new introduction by Rand. The cover of the twenty-fifth anniversary edition featured a painting by Frank O'Connor titled
545:(1997), described the story's villain as a preliminary version of the character Ellsworth Toohey, and this villain's assassination by the protagonist as prefiguring the attempted assassination of Toohey.
410:) to control much of the city's print media. While Wynand shares many of the character qualities of Roark, his success is dependent upon his ability to pander to public opinion. Rand presents this as a
371:
wanted her material possessions and social standing to equal or exceed those of other people. Rand created Keating as an archetype of this motivation, which she saw as the opposite of self-interest.
974:
wrote that although much "confusion" exists about it, the descriptions in the novel provide "conclusive" evidence of Dominique's strong attraction to Roark and her desire to have sex with him.
667:, rejected the book after Rand insisted they provide more publicity for her new novel than they had done for the first one. Rand's agent began submitting the book to other publishers; in 1938,
190:
have been sold worldwide, and it has been translated into more than 30 languages. The novel attracted a new following for Rand and has enjoyed a lasting influence, especially among architects,
5719:
217:
played Roark. Critics panned the film, which did not recoup its budget; several directors and writers have considered developing a new film adaptation. In 2014, Belgian theater director
1297:, an interest he repeated in 2018. Snyder said in 2019 that he was no longer pursuing the adaptation. In 2024, he said that he unsuccessfully pitched a television series adaptation to
5283:
796:, Rand drew a connection between architecture and individualism, saying time periods that had improvements in architecture were also those that had more freedom for the individual.
524:
standing atop the completed skyscraper. DeMille rejected Rand's script, and the completed film followed Murphy's original idea. Rand's version contained elements she would use in
812:
a "philosophical novel", meaning that it addresses philosophical ideas and offers a specific philosophical viewpoint about those ideas. In the years following the publication of
5820:
3645:
824:
does not contain this explicit philosophy, and Rand did not write the novel primarily to convey philosophical ideas. Nonetheless, Rand included three excerpts from the novel in
1199:. It grossed $ 2.1 million, $ 400,000 less than its production budget. Critics panned the movie. Negative reviews appeared in publications ranging from newspapers such as
639:'s presidential campaign and then attempted to form a group for conservative intellectuals. As her royalties from earlier projects ran out, she began doing freelance work as a
342:
described significant differences between Wright's philosophy and Rand's and quoted him, declaring, "I deny the paternity and refuse to marry the mother." Architecture critic
1528:. The 30-part series began on December 24, 1945, and ran in over 35 newspapers. Rand biographer Anne Heller complimented the adaptation, calling it "handsomely illustrated".
1404:
gave the Avignon production a negative review, calling the source material inferior and complaining about the use of video screens on the set, while another French magazine,
877:, described Roark as "one of the most inspiring characters in modern American literature". Rand sent DeCasseres a letter thanking him for explaining the book's themes about
683:
to the head office, "If this is not the book for you, then I am not the editor for you." His strong stand won Rand the contract on December 10, 1941. She also got a $ 1,000
5746:
714:
in August 1945, over two years after its initial publication. By 1956, the hardcover edition sold over 700,000 copies. The first paperback edition was published by the
690:
Rand worked long hours through 1942 to complete the final two-thirds of her manuscript, which she delivered on December 31, 1942. Rand's working title for the book was
943:
critics have condemned Roark and Dominique's first sexual encounter, accusing Rand of endorsing rape. Feminist critics have attacked the scene as representative of an
2659:
5426:
5368:
1022:
The success of the novel brought Rand new publishing opportunities. Bobbs-Merrill offered to publish a nonfiction book expanding on the ethical ideas presented in
5396:
4324:
6641:
4498:
2582:
5590:
509:, which she saw as symbols of freedom, and resolved that she would write about them. In 1927, Rand was working as a junior screenwriter for movie producer
4412:
871:
called the novel "disastrous" with a plot containing "coils and convolutions" and a "crude cast of characters". Benjamin DeCasseres, a columnist for the
553:
6152:
4683:
1524:
in newspapers. Rand agreed, provided that she could oversee the editing and approve the proposed illustrations of her characters, which were provided by
254:
brought on by Keating's antagonism, Francon chooses Keating to replace him. Meanwhile, Roark and Cameron create inspired work, but struggle financially.
4475:
1435:
complimented Hove for capturing Rand's "sheer pulp appeal", but described the material as "hokum with a whole lot of ponderous speeches". A review for
1374:
The European productions of the play received mostly positive reviews. The Festival d'Avignon production received positive from the French newspapers
5705:
610:, to avoid being viewed as "a 'one-theme' author". As she developed the story, she began to see more political meaning in the novel's ideas about
5219:
5837:
1274:, which caused United Artists to refuse to finance any more of his films. Cimino continued to hope to film the script until his death in 2016.
1419:
said the adaptation was unwatchable because it portrayed Rand's characters and views seriously without undercutting them The reviewer for the
3751:
5186:
6195:
5273:
6626:
6621:
6426:
5320:
1015:
and returned to Hollywood to write the screenplay for the adaptation. In April 1944, she signed a multiyear contract with movie producer
5810:
3633:
1122:
said the novel is "hardly literature", but when he asked his students which books mattered to them, someone always was influenced by
46:
1539:
adaptation in the late 1940s. Rand did not authorize the adaptation and learned about it through a letter from a Swiss fan in 1949.
6144:
6069:
1149:
436:. In Rand's view, a person like Wynand, who seeks power over others, is as much a "second-hander" as a conformist such as Keating.
1195:
as Peter Keating. Rand, who had previous experience as a screenwriter, was hired to adapt her own novel. The film was directed by
5736:
4573:
836:
631:
encouraged her in an hours-long conversation, ultimately convincing her not to give up. She also completed a stage adaptation of
4946:
830:, a 1961 collection of her writings that she described as an outline of Objectivism. Peikoff used many quotes and examples from
6631:
1491:
5922:
5903:
5647:
5560:
5175:
5148:
5057:
5006:
4969:
4935:
4850:
4825:
4747:
4672:
4633:
4552:
4313:
4285:
1425:
said the play was too long and that Hove had approached Rand's "noxious" book with too much reverence. In a mixed review for
953:
5766:
6656:
6651:
6570:
4353:
2652:
628:
1356:
5470:
5376:
4766:
1114:
has spoken of the novel's influence on him and how he regularly rereads the courtroom scene from Roark's criminal trial.
1091:
708:
1011:
was a major breakthrough in her career. It brought her lasting fame and financial success. She sold the movie rights to
205:
The novel has been adapted into other media several times. An illustrated version was syndicated in newspapers in 1945.
155:
6052:
4197:
1026:. Though this book was never completed, a portion of the material was used for an article in the January 1944 issue of
6339:
5873:
5796:
5671:
5579:
5541:
5520:
5496:
5357:
5262:
5129:
5029:
4895:
4802:
4774:
4724:
4609:
4533:
4464:
4393:
4367:
4262:
4240:
4183:
4155:
4127:
1564:
1099:
433:
195:
17:
319:
Rand's stated goal in writing fiction was to portray her vision of an ideal man. The character of Howard Roark, the
6671:
6666:
6661:
6636:
6375:
5068:
4664:
4141:
1516:. Rand was annoyed that Bobbs-Merrill allowed the edited version to be published without her approval of the text.
1473:
793:
2586:
6536:
6508:
5806:
5683:
4865:
4836:
2820:
6585:
6481:
4404:
1532:
971:
883:
5094:
6616:
6550:
6486:
6179:
6017:
5661:
5254:
4377:
1095:
1036:, which previously had been published in England, but not in the United States. When she was ready to submit
31:
5933:
1413:
American critics gave mostly negative reviews of the Next Wave Festival production. Helen Shaw's review for
1082:
635:
that ran briefly in 1940. That same year, she became active in politics. She first worked as a volunteer in
6407:
5397:"Rose Wilder Lane, Isabel Paterson, and Ayn Rand: Three Women Who Inspired the Modern Libertarian Movement"
407:
905:
has received relatively little attention from literary critics. Assessing the novel's legacy, philosopher
6646:
6446:
6281:
6001:
1531:
To provide publicity for a translation of the novel into French, the Swiss publisher Jeheber allowed the
1454:
886:". Other negative reviews called the characters unsympathetic and Rand's style "offensively pedestrian".
4295:
1513:
5454:
6543:
6171:
1574:
1368:
962:
873:
684:
277:
To win Keating a prestigious commission offered by Gail Wynand, the owner and editor-in-chief of the
1520:
approached Rand the following year about creating a condensed, illustrated version of the novel for
169:
who uses his influence to promote his political and social agenda, tries to destroy Roark's career.
145:, her first major literary success. The novel's protagonist, Howard Roark, is an intransigent young
6230:
6203:
6136:
3811:
1478:
1441:
complimented van Hove's ability to portray Rand's message, but said the play was an hour too long.
1406:
826:
5201:
4564:"What to Know About the Justice League Snyder Cut—and Why Some People Are Upset About Its Release"
3759:
783:
Rand's descriptions of Roark's buildings were inspired by the work of Frank Lloyd Wright, such as
6578:
6519:
6454:
6420:
6391:
6245:
5737:"'Batman v. Superman': Married Creative Duo on That R-Rated DVD, Plans for DC Superhero Universe"
5657:
4758:
4305:
4169:
1517:
1310:
1270:
1174:
1107:
890:
416:
222:
210:
5991:
889:
The character of Dominique Francon has provoked varied reactions from commentators. Philosopher
6414:
6187:
6045:
5741:
5392:
5043:
5021:
4175:
1217:
1072:
975:
643:
for movie studios. When Rand finally found a publisher, the novel was only one-third complete.
515:
757:
was "individualism versus collectivism, not in politics but within a man's soul". Philosopher
6564:
6265:
5895:
5049:
4842:
4708:
4299:
3819:
1352:
1327:
1244:, although none of these potential films has begun production. In the 1970s, writer-director
1003:
894:
766:, she avoided direct discussion of political issues. As historian James Baker described it, "
652:
627:. One night in June 1938, she almost completely gave up on writing the book, but her husband
178:
88:
78:
5488:
5482:
1382:
726:. In 1993, a 50th anniversary edition from Bobbs-Merrill added an afterword by Rand's heir,
379:
6514:
6383:
6316:
5942:
5531:
5167:
4794:
4739:
1376:
1052:
715:
698:
as an alternative, but this title had been recently used for another book. She then used a
660:
572:
541:
465:
6009:
5300:
8:
6308:
5771:
5510:
5077:
4990:
4692:
4647:
4456:
4433:
4429:
4147:
1437:
1157:
1143:, Rand's work "brought architecture into the public's focus for the first time". He said
464:
that treats all people and achievements as equally valuable. Rand used her memory of the
429:
339:
327:, was the first instance where she believed she had achieved this. Roark embodies Rand's
166:
5959:
4545:
The Visionaries: Arendt, Beauvoir, Rand, Weil, and the Power of Philosophy in Dark Times
621:
was repeatedly interrupted. In 1937, she took a break from it to write a novella called
562:
6300:
5888:
5692:
5160:
4998:
4904:
4882:
4232:
4206:
1427:
1211:
1028:
858:
736:
676:
576:
335:
312:
170:
4563:
1289:
was reportedly under consideration to play Roark. In a March 2016 interview, director
882:
and another that said "anyone who is taken in by it deserves a stern lecture on paper-
6594:
6557:
6038:
5918:
5899:
5869:
5863:
5792:
5714:
5667:
5643:
5610:
5594:
5575:
5556:
5537:
5516:
5492:
5353:
5258:
5171:
5144:
5125:
5099:
5053:
5025:
5002:
4931:
4921:
4846:
4821:
4798:
4770:
4743:
4720:
4668:
4661:
Skyscraper: The Politics and Power of Building New York City in the Twentieth Century
4629:
4623:
4605:
4548:
4529:
4460:
4450:
4389:
4363:
4357:
4309:
4281:
4258:
4250:
4236:
4179:
4151:
4123:
4119:
1521:
1504:
1415:
1257:
1229:
1205:
948:
468:
420:
121:
990:
402:
Gail Wynand is a wealthy newspaper mogul who rose from a destitute childhood in the
307:
6093:
5968:
5762:
5450:
5248:
4874:
3879:
1569:
1331:
1087:
868:
623:
600:
510:
457:
191:
1367:
from March 31 to April 2, 2017. The play had its first American production at the
233:
5195:
5121:
4817:
4716:
4568:
4521:
4385:
4277:
4165:
1482:
1469:
1421:
1223:
1077:
906:
893:
called her "one of the more bizarre characters in the novel". Literature scholar
758:
727:
668:
636:
481:
425:
1090:. Rand, Lane, and Paterson have been referred to as the founding mothers of the
694:, but Ogden pointed out that this emphasized the story's villains. Rand offered
363:
does what others expect rather than follow his personal interests. He becomes a
6334:
6238:
6109:
5466:
5422:
4784:
1465:, who also wrote the adaptation. Kazmi's wife, Sahira Kazmi, played Dominique.
1360:
1265:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1188:
1140:
1103:
915:
863:
461:
364:
328:
5069:"Maggie Speaks! The Littlest Simpson Says Her First Sentence While Acting Out
4113:
6610:
6117:
6085:
5039:
4927:
4860:
4643:
4222:
1556:
1400:
1398:, whose reviewer described it as "electrifying theatre". The French magazine
1184:
978:
958:
878:
771:
explicit political references, but Rand removed them from the finished text.
763:
640:
611:
595:
520:
477:
383:
343:
311:
In writing the character of Howard Roark, Rand was inspired by the architect
246:
151:
4226:
6491:
6273:
5846:
5278:
4601:
4193:
1525:
1486:
1432:
1394:
1343:
1335:
1319:
1282:
1261:
1153:
944:
784:
498:
472:
448:
347:
218:
206:
199:
1371:'s Next Wave Festival, where it ran from November 28 to December 2, 2017.
535:. Rand's notes for it contain elements that carried over into her work on
334:
The character of Roark was at least partly inspired by American architect
128:
6476:
5401:
4965:
4788:
4619:
4589:
4137:
1462:
1339:
1290:
1278:
1180:
1127:
1119:
1111:
994:
817:
792:
art and a basic need of men's survival". In a speech to a chapter of the
531:
In 1928, Rand made notes for a proposed, but never written, novel titled
506:
411:
320:
214:
5696:
4886:
513:
when he asked her to write a script for what would become the 1928 film
5883:
4547:. Translated by Whiteside, Shaun (Kindle ed.). New York: Penguin.
4276:. Politics, Literature & Film (Kindle ed.). Lanham, Maryland:
1536:
1240:
Various filmmakers have expressed interest in doing new adaptations of
1196:
1192:
1019:
to write original screenplays and adaptations of other writers' works.
1016:
919:
and said, "our problem is to find those topics that arise clearly with
680:
359:
183:
5666:. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press.
5045:
Nearest Thing to Heaven: The Empire State Building and American Dreams
4093:
687:
so she could work full-time to complete the novel by January 1, 1943.
539:. David Harriman, who edited the notes for the posthumously published
6348:
5815:
4974:
4878:
2162:
Minsaas, Kirsti. "The Stylization of Mind in Ayn Rand's Fiction". In
1348:
1286:
779:
699:
502:
451:
was one of Rand's inspirations for the character of Ellsworth Toohey.
270:
265:
Ellsworth M. Toohey, who writes a popular architecture column in the
163:
146:
444:
331:
moral ideals, especially the virtues of independence and integrity.
6222:
6061:
5506:
4923:
An Army of Phantoms: American Movies and the Making of the Cold War
4480:
3500:
1509:
1388:
1001:
Although Rand had some mainstream success previously with her play
940:
237:
174:
she alternates between helping Roark and working to undermine him.
142:
60:
1550:
1179:
In 1949, Warner Bros. released a film based on the book, starring
1160:, a private equity firm, is named for the character Howard Roark.
856:
polarized critics and received mixed reviews upon its release. In
606:
Rand wanted to write a novel that was less overtly political than
177:
Twelve publishers rejected the manuscript before an editor at the
6400:
2731:
Milgram, Shoshana. "The Fountainhead from Notebook to Novel". In
1298:
4738:. Major Conservative and Libertarian Thinkers series. New York:
1315:
6025:
3329:
2747:
Berliner, Michael S. "Howard Roark and Frank Lloyd Wright". In
2045:
Berliner, Michael S. "Howard Roark and Frank Lloyd Wright". In
1897:
Berliner, Michael S. "Howard Roark and Frank Lloyd Wright". In
1781:
Berliner, Michael S. "Howard Roark and Frank Lloyd Wright". In
1768:
Berliner, Michael S. "Howard Roark and Frank Lloyd Wright". In
1741:
Berliner, Michael S. "Howard Roark and Frank Lloyd Wright". In
1410:, complimented the staging and acting of the Odéon production.
947:
viewpoint in Rand's works that makes women subservient to men.
403:
346:
said that Roark resembles the Swiss-French modernist architect
251:
5681:
Sciabarra, Chris Matthew (Fall 2004). "The Illustrated Rand".
1277:
In 1992, producer James Hill optioned the rights and selected
1040:
to publishers, over a dozen competed to acquire the new book.
923:
and yet do not force us to read it simply through the eyes of
672:
publishers (including Macmillan and Knopf) rejected the book.
4970:"The Fountainhead: Everything That's Wrong with Architecture"
3520:
3518:
2967:
Boeckmann, Tore. "What Might Be and Ought to Be: Aristotle's
1949:
Boeckmann, Tore. "What Might Be and Ought to Be: Aristotle's
1364:
1268:. The deal collapsed after the failure of Cimino's 1980 film
730:. The novel has been translated into more than 30 languages.
497:
When Rand first arrived in New York as an immigrant from the
358:
In contrast to the individualistic Roark, Peter Keating is a
122:
4528:. Twayne's Masterwork Studies. New York: Twayne Publishers.
2106:
Smith, Tara. "Unborrowed Vision: Independence and Egoism in
1821:
Smith, Tara. "Unborrowed Vision: Independence and Egoism in
1699:
Smith, Tara. "Unborrowed Vision: Independence and Egoism in
6030:
5640:
Skyscraper Cinema: Architecture and Gender in American Film
4816:. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Hoboken, New Jersey:
2635:
2633:
1450:
1330:
presented a Dutch-language adaptation for the stage at the
1055:
that promoted the philosophical ideas from Rand's writing.
651:
Although she was a previously published novelist and had a
603:. Rand began her notes for the new novel in December 1935.
5842:
Review – Ivo van Hove's Smouldering Take on Ayn Rand"
5427:"Donald Trump's 'Kinder, Gentler' Version: Kirsten Powers"
3515:
2551:
2541:
2539:
579:(right) inspired Rand to write a novel about architecture.
5274:"Michael Cimino Tells Locarno Audience 'I'll Never Stop'"
4069:
4047:
4045:
3590:
3530:
1256:
as Roark, but postponed the project in favor of abortive
3566:
3236:
McElroy, Wendy. "Looking Through a Paradigm Darkly". In
3143:
Harrison, Barbara Grizzuti. "Psyching Out Ayn Rand". In
2630:
816:, Rand developed a philosophical system that she called
5890:
Ayn Rand Nation: The Hidden Struggle for America's Soul
5369:"Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures, The Complete Series"
4765:. Re-reading the Canon. University Park, Pennsylvania:
4057:
3958:
3794:
3792:
3779:
3777:
3720:
3602:
3578:
2677:
2536:
5018:
The Fountainheads: Wright, Rand, the FBI and Hollywood
4812:
Gotthelf, Allan & Salmieri, Gregory, eds. (2016).
4793:. Wadsworth Philosophers Series. Belmont, California:
4478:[Freedom of the artist against mass society].
4301:
Goddess of the Market: Ayn Rand and the American Right
4042:
3898:
3216:
Bernstein, Andrew. "Understanding the 'Rape' Scene in
3081:
Bernstein, Andrew. "Understanding the 'Rape' Scene in
2514:
2512:
2502:
Ralston, Richard E. "Publishing The Fountainhead". In
2223:
Ralston, Richard E. "Publishing The Fountainhead". In
1051:
was published. The group evolved into the core of the
1032:. Rand was also able to get an American publisher for
927:." Among critics who have addressed it, some consider
3994:
3982:
3970:
3838:
3836:
3684:
3660:
1512:
edition of the novel that was sold to members of the
1355:
in France later that month. The play appeared at the
1293:
expressed interest in doing a new film adaptation of
4476:"La Liberté de l'artiste contre la cociété de masse"
3934:
3789:
3774:
3614:
3554:
3542:
2618:
1546:
1156:
praised the novel, saying he identified with Roark.
913:
as relatively neglected compared to her later novel
432:; his tragic nature illustrates Rand's rejection of
258:
meets Francon's daughter Dominique, a columnist for
4625:
Empire of Dreams: The Epic Life of Cecil B. DeMille
4018:
3696:
3672:
2789:Boeckmann, Tore. "Rand's Literary Romanticism". In
2509:
1982:Boeckmann, Tore. "Rand's Literary Romanticism". In
30:"Fountainhead" redirects here. For other uses, see
5887:
5791:. Poughkeepsie, New York: The Objectivist Center.
5200:
5159:
4756:
3910:
3833:
3732:
3708:
3237:
3144:
3131:
3126:Brown, Susan Love. "Ayn Rand: The Woman Who Would
3114:
1642:, p. 657: "He raped me. That's how it began."
961:involving "feminine subordination and passivity".
4006:
3946:
3922:
3860:
6608:
5960:"Van Hove Asks, 'Idealism or Practicality?' Via
5767:"Both Sides Now: Inside the Rise of Sajid Javid"
4811:
4030:
3848:
3311:
3250:
3077:
3075:
2851:
2790:
1983:
1094:with the publication of these works. Journalist
901:In the years following its initial publication,
386:played Dominique Francon in the film adaptation.
5230:, Roark the architect in his ivory tower].
4863:(Spring 2009). "Egoism in Nietzsche and Rand".
4335:: Ivo Van Hove architect of a great show].
4329:: Ivo Van Hove architecte d'un grand spectacle"
593:) following the completion of her first novel,
5642:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
4503:Movie to Netflix as a Series, but They Passed"
4407:[Avignon: Ivo van Hove, the builder].
3310:Milgram, Shoshana. "The Life of Ayn Rand". In
3249:Milgram, Shoshana. "The Life of Ayn Rand". In
3232:
3230:
1933:
1931:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1852:
1850:
1334:in June 2014. The company's artistic director
1285:was interested in directing a new adaptation;
675:While Rand was working as a script reader for
655:, Rand had difficulty finding a publisher for
6642:American novels adapted into television shows
6046:
5868:. La Salle, Illinois: Open Court Publishing.
4448:
3634:"Unproduced and Unfinished Films: An Ongoing
3072:
3015:
2743:
2741:
2423:
2421:
2041:
2039:
492:
6196:The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution
2987:
2985:
2915:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2026:
2024:
2011:
2009:
1837:
1835:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1468:The novel was parodied in an episode of the
1322:staged a theatrical adaptation of the novel.
4654:. Vol. 56, no. 7. pp. 33–36.
4542:
4376:
4249:
3383:
3335:
3227:
3110:
3026:
3024:
2146:
2144:
1928:
1862:
1847:
1817:
1815:
1102:and libertarian political culture". In the
997:played Howard Roark in the film adaptation.
141:is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author
6053:
6039:
5917:. Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell.
5352:. Rockville, Maryland: Quill & Brush.
5184:
4561:
4452:Encyclopedia of Women's History in America
3964:
3726:
2738:
2474:
2472:
2418:
2036:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1248:entered a deal to film his own script for
1070:The year 1943 also saw the publication of
985:
501:in 1926, she was greatly impressed by the
45:
6018:Panel discussion about "The Relevance of
5915:American Literature in Context after 1929
5761:
5680:
5656:
5572:Ayn Rand Answers, the Best of Her Q&A
5570:Rand, Ayn (2005b). Mayhew, Robert (ed.).
5530:Rand, Ayn (1997). Harriman, David (ed.).
5224:, Roark l'architecte en sa tour d'ivoire"
5157:
4944:
4733:
4707:
4402:
4271:
4075:
4063:
3904:
3596:
3572:
3536:
3442:
3395:
3347:
3156:
3003:
2982:
2955:
2893:
2875:
2683:
2658:. Ayn Rand Institute. December 19, 2023.
2639:
2545:
2308:
2187:
2058:
2021:
2006:
1937:
1873:
1856:
1841:
1832:
1753:
1751:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1616:
1007:and had two previously published novels,
753:Rand indicated that the primary theme of
6145:Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology
5912:
5811:"Remembering Michael Cimino, Dead at 77"
5805:
5637:
5449:
5350:Ayn Rand: First Descriptive Bibliography
5038:
4989:
4919:
4783:
4681:
4427:
4405:"Avignon: Ivo van Hove, le constructeur"
4351:
4231:. Overlook Illustrated Lives. New York:
4221:
4192:
4092:Adil, Mamun M. (January–February 2007).
4000:
3988:
3976:
3666:
3608:
3584:
3524:
3174:
3054:
3021:
2932:
2583:"Timeline of Ayn Rand's Life and Career"
2388:
2211:
2141:
2082:
1812:
1794:
1627:
1392:, as well as from the English newspaper
1351:, Spain, in early July 2014, and at the
1314:
989:
778:
443:
378:
306:
232:
213:in 1949; Rand wrote the screenplay, and
5465:
5318:
5271:
5246:
5217:
5162:100 Voices: An Oral History of Ayn Rand
5015:
4684:"Toneelgroep Amsterdam Does Ayn Rand's
4658:
4520:
4322:
4164:
3940:
3798:
3783:
3620:
3454:
3430:
3098:
3042:
2991:
2921:
2863:
2839:
2760:
2707:
2530:
2469:
2439:
2427:
2150:
2135:
2094:
2030:
1989:
1970:
1885:
1687:
843:
837:Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand
834:in his 1991 book on Rand's philosophy,
702:and found 'fountainhead' as a synonym.
14:
6609:
5861:
5786:
5734:
5421:
5391:
5366:
5347:
5298:
5138:
5115:
4834:
4642:
4588:
4323:Candoni, Christopher (July 16, 2014).
4255:Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape
4051:
4024:
3702:
3678:
3488:
3418:
3371:
3298:
3286:
3274:
3262:
3221:
3086:
3066:
2976:
2909:
2887:
2827:
2807:
2777:
2748:
2732:
2624:
2612:
2569:
2557:
2518:
2503:
2490:
2400:
2373:
2320:
2236:
2224:
2163:
2111:
2046:
2015:
1958:
1910:
1898:
1826:
1806:
1782:
1769:
1748:
1742:
1717:
1716:Schein, Dina. "Roark's Integrity". In
1704:
1359:in Paris in November 2016, and at the
935:
646:
186:. More than 10 million copies of
6034:
5882:
5722:from the original on December 4, 2017
5608:
5588:
5569:
5550:
5143:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
5118:Essays on Ayn Rand's The Fountainhead
5092:
4964:
4893:
4859:
4618:
4496:
4473:
4415:from the original on October 15, 2023
4403:Chevilley, Philippe (July 15, 2014).
4294:
4272:BrĂĽhwiler, Claudia Franziska (2021).
4136:
4111:
3916:
3842:
3738:
3714:
3690:
3477:
3466:
3406:
3359:
3323:
3180:
3030:
2719:
2478:
2463:
2451:
2412:
2384:
2382:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2296:
2272:
2248:
2175:
2123:
2070:
2000:
1757:
1729:
1639:
1593:According to the Ayn Rand Institute,
1058:
954:Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape
848:
5957:
5835:
5703:
5529:
5509:(1995). Berliner, Michael S. (ed.).
5505:
5185:McGuinness, Max (December 1, 2017).
4763:Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand
4274:Out of a Gray Fog: Ayn Rand's Europe
4202:, High-Tech, Juicy and Full of Pulp"
4091:
4012:
3952:
3928:
3866:
3560:
3548:
3204:
3192:
3168:
2943:
2695:
2585:. Ayn Rand Institute. Archived from
2284:
2260:
2199:
1922:
1497:
1209:, to movie industry outlets such as
390:Dominique Francon is the heroine of
374:
5931:
5437:from the original on April 12, 2016
5319:Pascaud, Fabienne (July 14, 2014).
5141:Essays on Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged
5093:Lewis, Michael J. (December 2007).
5066:
4767:Pennsylvania State University Press
4576:from the original on March 24, 2022
4562:Dockterman, Eliana (May 21, 2020).
4526:The Fountainhead: An American Novel
4356:. In Gallagher, John Andrew (ed.).
4036:
3854:
1598:Turkish, Ukrainian, and Vietnamese.
1490:, in the last part of the episode "
1338:wrote and directed the adaptation.
484:also helped inspire the character.
439:
297:
24:
6627:American novels adapted into plays
6622:American novels adapted into films
5749:from the original on April 8, 2024
5735:Siegel, Tatiana (March 17, 2016).
5574:. New York: New American Library.
5487:. New York: Times Books. pp.
5367:Phipps, Keith (January 13, 2010).
5286:from the original on July 26, 2019
4682:Freeling, Isa (December 2, 2017).
4628:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
4362:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.
4257:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
3758:. Holland Festival. Archived from
2665:from the original on July 15, 2024
2379:
1575:Ely Jacques Kahn#Kahn and Ayn Rand
25:
6683:
6022:in Today's World" on May 12, 2002
5985:
5823:from the original on May 28, 2022
5609:Santi, Agnès (October 25, 2016).
5591:"Frank Lloyd Wright And Ayn Rand"
5299:Oliver, Charles (December 1992).
5272:Mueller, Matt (August 11, 2015).
5218:MĂ©reuze, Didier (July 17, 2014).
5187:"Ivo van Hove Takes on Ayn Rand:
4499:"Zack Snyder Says He Pitched His
4474:Darge, Fabienne (July 14, 2014).
3648:from the original on May 12, 2021
3113:, pp. 348–350. Reprinted in
1565:Architecture of the United States
571:New York skyscrapers such as the
5958:Yoon, Min-sik (March 30, 2017).
5932:Yim, Seung-hye (April 1, 2017).
5704:Shaw, Helen (December 1, 2017).
4665:University of Pennsylvania Press
4428:Chughtai, Zahra (January 2015).
4143:The Closing of the American Mind
3872:
3804:
3744:
3626:
3493:
3482:
3471:
3460:
3448:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3389:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3317:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3256:
3243:
3210:
3198:
3186:
3162:
3150:
3137:
3120:
3104:
3092:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3009:
2997:
2961:
2772:Ralston, Richard E. "Publishing
2607:Ralston, Richard E. "Publishing
1549:
1474:Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures
794:American Institute of Architects
748:
561:
552:
353:
225:, which received mixed reviews.
6537:Ayn Rand and the World She Made
6509:The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies
5938:Put on Stage by Dutch Director"
5706:"Ivo Van Hove Turns Ayn Rand's
5684:The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies
5327:[Avignon: The interminable
5095:"The Rise of the 'Starchitect'"
5016:Johnson, Donald Leslie (2005).
4894:Hipes, Patrick (May 28, 2018).
4866:The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies
4838:Ayn Rand and the World She Made
4734:Gladstein, Mimi Reisel (2009).
4497:Davis, Edward (March 7, 2024).
4449:Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn (2000).
4352:Carducci, Mark Patrick (1989).
2949:
2937:
2926:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2813:
2796:
2783:
2766:
2754:
2725:
2713:
2701:
2689:
2645:
2601:
2575:
2563:
2524:
2496:
2484:
2457:
2445:
2433:
2406:
2394:
2362:
2350:
2338:
2326:
2314:
2302:
2290:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2156:
2129:
2117:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2052:
1976:
1964:
1943:
1916:
1904:
1891:
1879:
1800:
1788:
1775:
1762:
1735:
1587:
1492:Four Great Women and a Manicure
1134:Numerous architects have cited
774:
302:
6482:Objectivism and libertarianism
5836:Todd, Andrew (July 16, 2014).
5481:McGrath, Charles, ed. (1998).
4663:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
4084:
3238:Gladstein & Sciabarra 1999
3145:Gladstein & Sciabarra 1999
3132:Gladstein & Sciabarra 1999
3115:Gladstein & Sciabarra 1999
1723:
1710:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1633:
1533:Swiss Broadcasting Corporation
1457:in the 1970s, under the title
1163:
397:
13:
1:
6632:American philosophical novels
6551:Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical
6487:Objectivism and homosexuality
6180:Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal
5787:Thomas, William, ed. (2005).
5663:Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical
5589:Reidy, Peter (July 7, 2010).
5402:The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty
5020:. Jefferson, North Carolina:
4757:Gladstein, Mimi Reisel &
4543:Eilenberger, Wolfram (2023).
1605:
1444:
1092:American libertarian movement
803:
32:Fountainhead (disambiguation)
6060:
5913:Yannella, Philip R. (2011).
5789:The Literary Art of Ayn Rand
5617:[Theater – Review:
5139:Mayhew, Robert, ed. (2009).
5116:Mayhew, Robert, ed. (2006).
4947:"The Trials of Howard Roark"
4652:The New York Review of Books
4382:A Life with the Printed Word
3312:Gotthelf & Salmieri 2016
3251:Gotthelf & Salmieri 2016
2852:Gotthelf & Salmieri 2016
2821:The Literary Achievement of
2791:Gotthelf & Salmieri 2016
2372:from Notebook to Novel". In
1984:Gotthelf & Salmieri 2016
1610:
7:
6657:Bobbs-Merrill Company books
6652:Novels set in New York City
6010:SparkNotes study guide for
5348:Perinn, Vincent L. (1990).
5247:Merrill, Ronald E. (1991).
5067:Leo, Alex (June 11, 2009).
4945:Hornstein, Alan D. (1999).
4359:Film Directors on Directing
3886:. Brooklyn Academy of Music
1542:
1455:Pakistan Television Network
10:
6688:
5710:Into a Gusher of Nonsense"
5638:Schleier, Merrill (2009).
5611:"Théâtre – Critique:
5103:. Vol. 26, no. 4
5048:. New Haven, Connecticut:
4995:Frank Lloyd Wright: A Life
4713:The New Ayn Rand Companion
4659:Flowers, Benjamin (2009).
4455:(2nd ed.). New York:
1514:United States Armed Forces
1342:played Howard Roark, with
1326:The Dutch theater company
1308:
1172:
1150:2016 presidential campaign
1131:it is a very silly book."
493:Background and development
487:
350:more closely than Wright.
51:Cover of the first edition
29:
6544:Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life
6528:
6500:
6469:
6438:
6377:The Night of January 16th
6368:
6361:
6327:
6292:
6257:
6214:
6172:The Virtue of Selfishness
6163:
6128:
6077:
6068:
5321:"Avignon: l'interminable
5158:McConnell, Scott (2010).
4715:. Westport, Connecticut:
4174:. Garden City, New York:
4118:. Boston, Massachusetts:
2806:as a Romantic Novel". In
1470:animated adventure series
1449:The novel was adapted in
1369:Brooklyn Academy of Music
1357:Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe
1281:to direct. In the 2000s,
963:Barbara Grizzuti Harrison
874:New York Journal-American
743:
428:described by philosopher
120:
112:
104:
94:
84:
74:
66:
56:
44:
6204:Philosophy: Who Needs It
6137:For the New Intellectual
5658:Sciabarra, Chris Matthew
4835:Heller, Anne C. (2009).
4759:Sciabarra, Chris Matthew
4112:Baker, James T. (1987).
4094:"The Portrait of a Lady"
1580:
1152:, real estate developer
1083:The Discovery of Freedom
827:For the New Intellectual
653:successful Broadway play
519:. The original story by
6672:Novels set in the 1940s
6667:Novels set in the 1930s
6662:Novels set in the 1920s
6637:Novels about architects
6587:The Passion of Ayn Rand
6579:The Passion of Ayn Rand
6520:Objectivist periodicals
5022:McFarland & Company
4814:A Companion to Ayn Rand
4306:Oxford University Press
4176:Doubleday & Company
4171:The Passion of Ayn Rand
1518:King Features Syndicate
1311:The Fountainhead (play)
1304:
1221:, to magazines such as
1175:The Fountainhead (film)
1168:
986:Effect on Rand's career
891:Chris Matthew Sciabarra
417:William Randolph Hearst
228:
6188:The Romantic Manifesto
5742:The Hollywood Reporter
5331:by Ivo van Hove].
5253:. La Salle, Illinois:
4709:Gladstein, Mimi Reisel
4598:Wallflower at the Orgy
2904:Berliner, Michael S. "
1323:
1218:The Hollywood Reporter
1187:as Dominique Francon,
1073:The God of the Machine
998:
976:Individualist feminist
966:"romanticized rapes".
788:
663:, which had published
452:
434:Nietzsche's philosophy
387:
316:
241:
196:American conservatives
27:1943 novel by Ayn Rand
6565:Goddess of the Market
6266:Night of January 16th
5862:Walker, Jeff (1999).
5471:"Battle Against Evil"
5255:Open Court Publishing
5250:The Ideas of Ayn Rand
5050:Yale University Press
4968:(November 14, 2013).
4920:Hoberman, J. (2011).
4430:"Once Upon a Time..."
4384:. Chicago, Illinois:
4196:(November 29, 2017).
3820:Toneelgroep Amsterdam
3503:. Roark Capital Group
2589:on September 30, 2012
1461:. The serial starred
1328:Toneelgroep Amsterdam
1318:
1100:American conservative
1004:Night of January 16th
993:
895:Mimi Reisel Gladstein
782:
447:
419:, including Hearst's
382:
310:
236:
179:Bobbs-Merrill Company
79:Philosophical fiction
6617:1943 American novels
6515:Objectivist movement
6317:Journals of Ayn Rand
5998:(Ayn Rand Institute)
5943:Korea JoongAng Daily
5765:(January 27, 2019).
5551:Rand, Ayn (2005a) .
5536:. New York: Dutton.
5533:Journals of Ayn Rand
5515:. New York: Dutton.
5484:Books of the Century
5455:"Books of the Times"
5379:on September 8, 2017
5301:"Who'll Play Roark?"
5168:New American Library
5120:. Lanham, Maryland:
4991:Huxtable, Ada Louise
4900:Is His Next Project"
4795:Wadsworth Publishing
4740:Continuum Publishing
4148:Simon & Schuster
2560:, pp. 149, 156.
2368:Milgram, Shoshana. "
1191:as Gail Wynand, and
1053:Objectivist movement
844:Reception and legacy
716:New American Library
661:Macmillan Publishing
573:McGraw Hill Building
542:Journals of Ayn Rand
469:British Labour Party
466:democratic socialist
6309:Letters of Ayn Rand
5555:. New York: Plume.
5512:Letters of Ayn Rand
5078:The Huffington Post
4954:Legal Studies Forum
4861:Hicks, Stephen R.C.
4693:The Huffington Post
4522:Den Uyl, Douglas J.
4457:Infobase Publishing
2979:, pp. 158, 164
1844:, pp. 107, 109
1438:The Huffington Post
1158:Roark Capital Group
951:, in her 1975 work
936:Feminist criticisms
647:Publication history
589:(originally titled
505:skyline's towering
430:Friedrich Nietzsche
340:Ada Louise Huxtable
260:The New York Banner
167:architecture critic
41:
6647:Novels by Ayn Rand
6301:The Early Ayn Rand
6153:The Art of Fiction
5896:St. Martin's Press
5475:The New York Times
5459:The New York Times
5425:(April 11, 2016).
4999:Penguin Publishing
4905:Deadline Hollywood
4896:"Zack Snyder Says
4646:(April 30, 2009).
4251:Brownmiller, Susan
4233:Overlook Duckworth
4207:The New York Times
3762:on August 20, 2014
3362:, pp. 282–283
3338:, p. 348 n26.
3240:, pp. 162–164
3224:, pp. 201–203
3130:Be President". In
3016:Cullen-DuPont 2000
2958:, pp. 117–119
2810:, pp. 130–131
2802:Boeckmann, Tore. "
2653:"Foreign Editions"
2533:, pp. 172–174
2521:, pp. 144–145
2430:, pp. 170–171
2239:, pp. 65, 441
2190:, pp. 109–110
2126:, pp. 102–103
2114:, pp. 291–293
2018:, pp. 117–118
1986:, pp. 440–441
1961:, pp. 158–159
1707:, pp. 287–289
1428:The New York Times
1353:Festival d'Avignon
1324:
1258:biographical films
1201:The New York Times
1059:Cultural influence
999:
859:The New York Times
849:Critical reception
789:
737:The Early Ayn Rand
710:The New York Times
677:Paramount Pictures
577:Woolworth Building
453:
388:
336:Frank Lloyd Wright
317:
313:Frank Lloyd Wright
269:, is an outspoken
242:
39:
6604:
6603:
6558:The Ayn Rand Cult
6465:
6464:
6357:
6356:
5924:978-1-4051-8599-8
5905:978-0-312-59073-4
5865:The Ayn Rand Cult
5763:Sylvester, Rachel
5715:The Village Voice
5649:978-0-8166-4281-6
5595:The Atlas Society
5562:978-1-101-13718-5
5451:Prescott, Orville
5177:978-0-451-23130-7
5150:978-0-7391-2780-3
5100:The New Criterion
5059:978-0-300-10622-0
5008:978-0-14-311429-1
4937:978-1-59558-005-4
4852:978-0-385-51399-9
4827:978-1-4051-8684-1
4749:978-0-8264-4513-1
4674:978-0-8122-4184-6
4635:978-0-7432-8955-9
4554:978-0-593-29746-9
4378:Chamberlain, John
4315:978-0-19-532487-7
4287:978-1-79363-686-7
4120:Twayne Publishers
3527:, pp. 96–98.
2842:, pp. 29, 32
2819:Cox, Stephen D. "
1505:Omnibook Magazine
1498:Other adaptations
1416:The Village Voice
1230:Good Housekeeping
1206:Los Angeles Times
1183:as Howard Roark,
949:Susan Brownmiller
764:individual rights
692:Second-Hand Lives
591:Second-Hand Lives
533:The Little Street
421:yellow journalism
375:Dominique Francon
134:
133:
116:753 (1st edition)
105:Publication place
40:The Fountainhead
18:Dominique Francon
16:(Redirected from
6679:
6595:Who Is Ayn Rand?
6455:The Fountainhead
6393:The Fountainhead
6366:
6365:
6247:The Fountainhead
6164:Collected essays
6129:Nonfiction books
6102:The Fountainhead
6075:
6074:
6055:
6048:
6041:
6032:
6031:
6020:The Fountainhead
6012:The Fountainhead
6004:The Fountainhead
6002:CliffsNotes for
5994:The Fountainhead
5980:
5978:
5976:
5969:The Korea Herald
5962:The Fountainhead
5954:
5952:
5950:
5928:
5909:
5893:
5879:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5840:The Fountainhead
5832:
5830:
5828:
5809:(July 2, 2016).
5802:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5708:The Fountainhead
5700:
5677:
5653:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5619:The Fountainhead
5613:The Fountainhead
5605:
5603:
5601:
5585:
5566:
5553:The Fountainhead
5547:
5526:
5502:
5478:
5469:(May 16, 1943).
5462:
5453:(May 12, 1943).
5446:
5444:
5442:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5375:. Archived from
5363:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5268:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5204:
5199:. Archived from
5189:The Fountainhead
5181:
5165:
5154:
5135:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5071:The Fountainhead
5063:
5035:
5012:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4961:
4951:
4941:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4898:The Fountainhead
4890:
4879:10.2307/41560389
4856:
4831:
4808:
4780:
4753:
4730:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4686:The Fountainhead
4678:
4655:
4639:
4615:
4594:The Fountainhead
4585:
4583:
4581:
4558:
4539:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4470:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4399:
4373:
4354:"Michael Cimino"
4348:
4346:
4344:
4337:Toute la Culture
4333:The Fountainhead
4327:The Fountainhead
4319:
4291:
4268:
4246:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4200:The Fountainhead
4189:
4166:Branden, Barbara
4161:
4133:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3882:The Fountainhead
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3814:The Fountainhead
3808:
3802:
3796:
3787:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3756:: World Premier"
3754:The Fountainhead
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3501:"About Our Name"
3497:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3445:, pp. 84–85
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3384:Chamberlain 1982
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3336:Eilenberger 2023
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3247:
3241:
3234:
3225:
3218:The Fountainhead
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3159:, pp. 27–28
3154:
3148:
3147:, pp. 74–75
3141:
3135:
3124:
3118:
3117:, pp. 63–65
3111:Brownmiller 1975
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3083:The Fountainhead
3079:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2980:
2973:The Fountainhead
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2912:, pp. 77–82
2906:The Fountainhead
2902:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2878:, pp. 21–22
2873:
2867:
2866:, pp. 35–36
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2823:The Fountainhead
2817:
2811:
2804:The Fountainhead
2800:
2794:
2787:
2781:
2774:The Fountainhead
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2736:
2735:, pp. 11–12
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2710:, pp. 14–16
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2507:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2416:
2415:, pp. 54–66
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2391:, pp. 54–56
2386:
2377:
2376:, pp. 13–17
2370:The Fountainhead
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2153:, pp. 54–55
2148:
2139:
2138:, pp. 58–59
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2108:The Fountainhead
2104:
2098:
2097:, pp. 47–50
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2061:, pp. 52–53
2056:
2050:
2043:
2034:
2033:, pp. 44–45
2028:
2019:
2013:
2004:
2003:, pp. 44–45
1998:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1955:The Fountainhead
1947:
1941:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1860:
1854:
1845:
1839:
1830:
1823:The Fountainhead
1819:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1785:, pp. 47–48
1779:
1773:
1772:, pp. 42–44
1766:
1760:
1755:
1746:
1745:, pp. 48–50
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1701:The Fountainhead
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1599:
1595:The Fountainhead
1591:
1570:Romantic realism
1559:
1554:
1553:
1332:Holland Festival
1295:The Fountainhead
1242:The Fountainhead
1145:The Fountainhead
1136:The Fountainhead
1124:The Fountainhead
1096:John Chamberlain
1088:Rose Wilder Lane
1064:The Fountainhead
1049:The Fountainhead
1044:The Fountainhead
1024:The Fountainhead
1013:The Fountainhead
1009:The Fountainhead
972:Andrew Bernstein
929:The Fountainhead
921:The Fountainhead
911:The Fountainhead
903:The Fountainhead
869:Orville Prescott
854:The Fountainhead
832:The Fountainhead
822:The Fountainhead
814:The Fountainhead
810:The Fountainhead
768:The Fountainhead
755:The Fountainhead
704:The Fountainhead
657:The Fountainhead
619:The Fountainhead
601:Ely Jacques Kahn
587:The Fountainhead
565:
556:
537:The Fountainhead
526:The Fountainhead
511:Cecil B. DeMille
458:ethical altruism
440:Ellsworth Toohey
392:The Fountainhead
325:The Fountainhead
298:Major characters
223:stage adaptation
188:The Fountainhead
138:The Fountainhead
124:
96:Publication date
49:
42:
38:
21:
6687:
6686:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6524:
6496:
6461:
6447:The Unconquered
6434:
6353:
6323:
6288:
6282:The Unconquered
6253:
6210:
6159:
6124:
6064:
6059:
5988:
5983:
5974:
5972:
5948:
5946:
5925:
5906:
5876:
5852:
5850:
5826:
5824:
5799:
5777:
5775:
5752:
5750:
5725:
5723:
5674:
5650:
5628:
5626:
5599:
5597:
5582:
5563:
5544:
5523:
5499:
5480:
5467:Pruette, Lorine
5440:
5438:
5423:Powers, Kirsten
5412:
5410:
5382:
5380:
5360:
5338:
5336:
5325:d'Ivo van Hove"
5309:
5307:
5289:
5287:
5265:
5237:
5235:
5208:
5206:
5196:Financial Times
5178:
5151:
5132:
5122:Lexington Books
5106:
5104:
5083:
5081:
5060:
5032:
5009:
4980:
4978:
4949:
4938:
4910:
4908:
4853:
4828:
4818:Wiley Blackwell
4805:
4785:Gotthelf, Allan
4777:
4761:, eds. (1999).
4750:
4727:
4717:Greenwood Press
4698:
4696:
4675:
4636:
4612:
4579:
4577:
4555:
4536:
4511:
4509:
4487:
4485:
4467:
4439:
4437:
4418:
4416:
4396:
4386:Regnery Gateway
4370:
4342:
4340:
4316:
4296:Burns, Jennifer
4288:
4278:Lexington Books
4265:
4243:
4212:
4210:
4186:
4158:
4130:
4102:
4100:
4087:
4082:
4074:
4070:
4062:
4058:
4050:
4043:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4019:
4011:
4007:
3999:
3995:
3987:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3965:McGuinness 2017
3963:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3939:
3935:
3927:
3923:
3915:
3911:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3841:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3790:
3782:
3775:
3765:
3763:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3727:Dockterman 2020
3725:
3721:
3713:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3677:
3673:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3607:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3583:
3579:
3571:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3523:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3472:
3465:
3461:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3437:
3429:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3322:
3318:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3273:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3248:
3244:
3235:
3228:
3215:
3211:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3175:
3167:
3163:
3155:
3151:
3142:
3138:
3125:
3121:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3080:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3010:
3002:
2998:
2990:
2983:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2916:
2903:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2818:
2814:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2746:
2739:
2730:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2609:Atlas Shruggged
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2517:
2510:
2501:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2380:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1863:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1833:
1820:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1500:
1483:animated sitcom
1447:
1422:Financial Times
1313:
1307:
1177:
1171:
1166:
1078:Isabel Paterson
1061:
1029:Reader's Digest
988:
938:
907:Douglas Den Uyl
851:
846:
806:
777:
759:Douglas Den Uyl
751:
746:
728:Leonard Peikoff
712:bestseller list
649:
637:Wendell Willkie
617:Rand's work on
583:
582:
581:
580:
575:(left) and the
568:
567:
566:
558:
557:
495:
490:
482:Clifton Fadiman
460:and a rigorous
442:
426:master morality
400:
377:
356:
305:
300:
231:
154:is superior to
97:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6685:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6591:
6583:
6575:
6568:
6561:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6473:
6471:
6467:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6451:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6409:Atlas Shrugged
6405:
6397:
6389:
6381:
6372:
6370:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6342:Atlas Shrugged
6337:
6335:Liberty 5-3000
6331:
6329:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6313:
6305:
6296:
6294:
6293:Other writings
6290:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6278:
6270:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6251:
6243:
6239:You Came Along
6235:
6227:
6218:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6200:
6192:
6184:
6176:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6149:
6141:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6114:
6110:Atlas Shrugged
6106:
6098:
6090:
6081:
6079:
6072:
6066:
6065:
6058:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6015:
6007:
5999:
5987:
5986:External links
5984:
5982:
5981:
5955:
5929:
5923:
5910:
5904:
5880:
5874:
5859:
5833:
5807:Thompson, Anne
5803:
5797:
5784:
5759:
5732:
5701:
5678:
5672:
5654:
5648:
5635:
5606:
5586:
5580:
5567:
5561:
5548:
5542:
5527:
5521:
5503:
5497:
5477:. p. BR7.
5463:
5447:
5419:
5389:
5364:
5358:
5345:
5316:
5296:
5269:
5263:
5244:
5215:
5182:
5176:
5155:
5149:
5136:
5130:
5113:
5090:
5064:
5058:
5040:Kingwell, Mark
5036:
5030:
5013:
5007:
4987:
4962:
4942:
4936:
4917:
4891:
4873:(2): 249–291.
4857:
4851:
4832:
4826:
4809:
4803:
4781:
4775:
4754:
4748:
4731:
4725:
4705:
4679:
4673:
4656:
4644:Filler, Martin
4640:
4634:
4616:
4610:
4604:. p. 47.
4586:
4559:
4553:
4540:
4534:
4518:
4494:
4471:
4465:
4446:
4425:
4400:
4394:
4374:
4368:
4349:
4320:
4314:
4292:
4286:
4269:
4263:
4247:
4241:
4223:Britting, Jeff
4219:
4190:
4184:
4162:
4156:
4134:
4128:
4109:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4078:, p. 135.
4076:BrĂĽhwiler 2021
4068:
4064:Sciabarra 2004
4056:
4054:, p. 187.
4041:
4029:
4017:
4005:
3993:
3981:
3969:
3957:
3945:
3933:
3921:
3909:
3905:Chevilley 2014
3897:
3871:
3859:
3847:
3832:
3803:
3788:
3773:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3693:, p. 251.
3683:
3671:
3659:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3599:, p. 262.
3597:McConnell 2010
3589:
3577:
3573:Gladstein 2009
3565:
3563:, p. 419.
3553:
3551:, p. 445.
3541:
3539:, p. 118.
3537:Gladstein 1999
3529:
3514:
3492:
3481:
3470:
3459:
3447:
3443:McConnell 2010
3435:
3423:
3411:
3399:
3396:Sylvester 2019
3388:
3376:
3364:
3352:
3350:, pp. 3–5
3348:Sciabarra 2004
3340:
3328:
3316:
3303:
3291:
3279:
3267:
3255:
3242:
3226:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3161:
3157:Gladstein 1999
3149:
3136:
3119:
3103:
3091:
3071:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3020:
3008:
3004:Hornstein 1999
2996:
2981:
2960:
2956:Gladstein 1999
2948:
2936:
2925:
2914:
2892:
2880:
2876:Gladstein 2009
2868:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2812:
2795:
2782:
2765:
2753:
2737:
2724:
2712:
2700:
2688:
2684:Gladstein 1999
2676:
2644:
2642:, p. 122.
2640:Gladstein 2009
2629:
2617:
2600:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2546:Gladstein 1999
2535:
2523:
2508:
2495:
2483:
2468:
2456:
2444:
2432:
2417:
2405:
2403:, p. 130.
2393:
2378:
2361:
2349:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2309:Gladstein 1999
2301:
2289:
2277:
2265:
2253:
2241:
2229:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2188:Sciabarra 1995
2180:
2168:
2155:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2059:Gladstein 1999
2051:
2035:
2020:
2005:
1988:
1975:
1963:
1942:
1938:Gladstein 1999
1927:
1915:
1903:
1890:
1878:
1874:Gladstein 1999
1861:
1857:Gladstein 1999
1846:
1842:Sciabarra 1995
1831:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1774:
1761:
1747:
1734:
1722:
1709:
1692:
1680:
1676:Sciabarra 1995
1668:
1664:Sciabarra 1995
1656:
1652:Gladstein 1999
1644:
1632:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1544:
1541:
1499:
1496:
1446:
1443:
1361:LG Arts Center
1309:Main article:
1306:
1303:
1266:Frank Costello
1254:Clint Eastwood
1250:United Artists
1246:Michael Cimino
1189:Raymond Massey
1173:Main article:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1141:Julius Shulman
1104:United Kingdom
1060:
1057:
1038:Atlas Shrugged
987:
984:
937:
934:
925:Atlas Shrugged
916:Atlas Shrugged
864:Lorine Pruette
850:
847:
845:
842:
808:Den Uyl calls
805:
802:
776:
773:
750:
747:
745:
742:
724:Man Also Rises
696:The Mainspring
648:
645:
629:Frank O'Connor
570:
569:
560:
559:
551:
550:
549:
548:
547:
494:
491:
489:
486:
462:egalitarianism
441:
438:
408:Hell's Kitchen
399:
396:
376:
373:
365:social climber
355:
352:
304:
301:
299:
296:
230:
227:
132:
131:
126:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6684:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6527:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6468:
6457:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6437:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6423:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6411:(film series)
6410:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6385:We the Living
6382:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6343:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6319:
6318:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6155:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6120:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6086:We the Living
6083:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6056:
6051:
6049:
6044:
6042:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6027:
6023:
6021:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5997:
5996:essay contest
5995:
5990:
5989:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5963:
5956:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5937:
5930:
5926:
5920:
5916:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5897:
5892:
5891:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5875:0-8126-9390-6
5871:
5867:
5866:
5860:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5841:
5834:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5798:1-57724-070-7
5794:
5790:
5785:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5721:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5709:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5685:
5679:
5675:
5673:0-271-01440-7
5669:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5645:
5641:
5636:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5614:
5607:
5596:
5592:
5587:
5583:
5581:0-451-21665-2
5577:
5573:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5554:
5549:
5545:
5543:0-525-94370-6
5539:
5535:
5534:
5528:
5524:
5522:0-525-93946-6
5518:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5498:0-8129-2965-9
5494:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5479:Reprinted in
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5461:. p. 23.
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5408:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5359:0-9610494-8-0
5355:
5351:
5346:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5324:
5317:
5310:September 20,
5306:
5302:
5297:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5266:
5264:0-8126-9157-1
5260:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5245:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5223:
5216:
5205:on 2022-12-10
5203:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5190:
5183:
5179:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5131:0-7391-1577-4
5127:
5123:
5119:
5114:
5107:September 20,
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5065:
5061:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5031:0-7864-1958-X
5027:
5023:
5019:
5014:
5010:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4981:September 17,
4977:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4960:(4): 431–448.
4959:
4955:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4933:
4929:
4928:The New Press
4925:
4924:
4918:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4899:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4806:
4804:0-534-57625-7
4800:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4776:0-271-01830-5
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4726:0-313-30321-5
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4687:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4648:"Maman's Boy"
4645:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4611:0-670-74926-5
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4537:
4535:0-8057-7932-9
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4508:
4504:
4502:
4495:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4466:0-8160-4100-8
4462:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4447:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4426:
4414:
4411:(in French).
4410:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4395:0-89526-656-3
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4369:0-275-93272-9
4365:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4328:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4270:
4266:
4264:0-671-22062-4
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4242:1-58567-406-0
4238:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4195:
4194:Brantley, Ben
4191:
4187:
4185:0-385-19171-5
4181:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4157:0-671-65715-1
4153:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4129:0-8057-7497-1
4125:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4110:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4077:
4072:
4065:
4060:
4053:
4048:
4046:
4038:
4033:
4026:
4021:
4014:
4009:
4002:
4001:Chughtai 2015
3997:
3990:
3989:Freeling 2017
3985:
3978:
3977:Brantley 2017
3973:
3966:
3961:
3954:
3949:
3942:
3937:
3930:
3925:
3918:
3913:
3906:
3901:
3885:
3883:
3875:
3868:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3837:
3821:
3817:
3816:in Barcelona"
3815:
3807:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3785:
3780:
3778:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3747:
3740:
3735:
3728:
3723:
3716:
3711:
3704:
3699:
3692:
3687:
3680:
3675:
3668:
3667:Thompson 2016
3663:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3622:
3617:
3611:, p. 40.
3610:
3609:Carducci 1989
3605:
3598:
3593:
3587:, p. 71.
3586:
3585:Britting 2004
3581:
3575:, p. 95.
3574:
3569:
3562:
3557:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3526:
3525:Hoberman 2011
3521:
3519:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3463:
3456:
3451:
3444:
3439:
3433:, p. 420
3432:
3427:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3392:
3386:, p. 136
3385:
3380:
3374:, p. 322
3373:
3368:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3332:
3326:, p. 144
3325:
3320:
3313:
3307:
3301:, p. 271
3300:
3295:
3289:, p. 198
3288:
3283:
3277:, p. 171
3276:
3271:
3265:, p. 164
3264:
3259:
3252:
3246:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3207:, p. 282
3206:
3201:
3195:, p. 631
3194:
3189:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3158:
3153:
3146:
3140:
3134:, p. 289
3133:
3129:
3123:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3100:
3095:
3089:, p. 207
3088:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3055:Kingwell 2006
3051:
3044:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3018:, p. 211
3017:
3012:
3006:, p. 431
3005:
3000:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2957:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2933:Prescott 1943
2929:
2923:
2918:
2911:
2908:Reviews", in
2907:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2890:, p. 328
2889:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2836:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2793:, p. 427
2792:
2786:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2734:
2728:
2721:
2716:
2709:
2704:
2698:, p. 223
2697:
2692:
2686:, p. 45.
2685:
2680:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2627:, p. 22.
2626:
2621:
2615:, p. 127
2614:
2610:
2604:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2572:, p. 166
2571:
2566:
2559:
2554:
2548:, p. 12.
2547:
2542:
2540:
2532:
2527:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2499:
2493:, p. 186
2492:
2487:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2442:, p. 155
2441:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2390:
2389:Britting 2004
2385:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2358:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2317:
2310:
2305:
2298:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2257:
2251:, p. 252
2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2214:, p. 123
2213:
2212:Schleier 2009
2208:
2202:, p. 113
2201:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2166:, p. 187
2165:
2159:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2096:
2091:
2084:
2083:Gotthelf 2000
2079:
2073:, p. 267
2072:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1973:, p. 106
1972:
1967:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1924:
1919:
1913:, p. 109
1912:
1907:
1900:
1894:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1829:, p. 290
1828:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1797:, p. 226
1796:
1795:Huxtable 2008
1791:
1784:
1778:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1738:
1732:, p. 190
1731:
1726:
1720:, p. 305
1719:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1684:
1678:, p. 106
1677:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1628:Yannella 2011
1624:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1557:Novels portal
1552:
1547:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1459:Teesra Kinara
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1271:Heaven's Gate
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:Patricia Neal
1182:
1176:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1126:. Journalist
1125:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:
996:
992:
983:
980:
979:Wendy McElroy
977:
973:
967:
964:
960:
959:sadomasochism
956:
955:
950:
946:
942:
933:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:
912:
908:
904:
899:
896:
892:
887:
885:
880:
879:individualism
876:
875:
870:
865:
861:
860:
855:
841:
839:
838:
833:
829:
828:
823:
819:
815:
811:
801:
797:
795:
786:
781:
772:
769:
765:
760:
756:
749:Individualism
741:
739:
738:
731:
729:
725:
719:
717:
713:
711:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
673:
670:
666:
665:We the Living
662:
658:
654:
644:
642:
641:script reader
638:
634:
633:We the Living
630:
626:
625:
620:
615:
613:
612:individualism
609:
608:We the Living
604:
602:
598:
597:
596:We the Living
592:
588:
578:
574:
564:
555:
546:
544:
543:
538:
534:
529:
527:
522:
521:Dudley Murphy
518:
517:
512:
508:
504:
500:
485:
483:
479:
478:Lewis Mumford
474:
470:
467:
463:
459:
450:
446:
437:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
413:
409:
406:of New York (
405:
395:
393:
385:
384:Patricia Neal
381:
372:
368:
366:
361:
354:Peter Keating
351:
349:
345:
344:Martin Filler
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
314:
309:
295:
292:
286:
282:
280:
275:
272:
268:
263:
261:
255:
253:
248:
247:New York City
239:
235:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
192:entrepreneurs
189:
185:
180:
175:
172:
168:
165:
159:
157:
153:
152:individualism
148:
144:
140:
139:
130:
127:
125:
119:
115:
111:
108:United States
107:
103:
99:
93:
90:
89:Bobbs Merrill
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
6593:
6586:
6577:
6572:Judgment Day
6571:
6563:
6556:
6549:
6542:
6535:
6507:
6492:Randian hero
6453:
6445:
6427:
6421:
6415:
6408:
6399:
6392:
6384:
6376:
6341:
6315:
6307:
6299:
6280:
6272:
6264:
6246:
6237:
6231:Love Letters
6229:
6221:
6202:
6194:
6186:
6178:
6170:
6151:
6143:
6135:
6116:
6108:
6101:
6100:
6092:
6084:
6070:Bibliography
6019:
6011:
6003:
5993:
5975:November 30,
5973:. Retrieved
5967:
5961:
5949:November 30,
5947:. Retrieved
5941:
5936:Fountainhead
5935:
5914:
5894:. New York:
5889:
5864:
5853:December 22,
5851:. Retrieved
5847:The Guardian
5845:
5839:
5825:. Retrieved
5814:
5788:
5776:. Retrieved
5770:
5751:. Retrieved
5740:
5724:. Retrieved
5713:
5707:
5688:
5682:
5662:
5639:
5629:December 23,
5627:. Retrieved
5622:
5618:
5612:
5598:. Retrieved
5571:
5552:
5532:
5511:
5483:
5474:
5458:
5439:. Retrieved
5430:
5411:. Retrieved
5406:
5400:
5395:(May 1996).
5381:. Retrieved
5377:the original
5372:
5349:
5339:December 22,
5337:. Retrieved
5332:
5329:Fountainhead
5328:
5322:
5308:. Retrieved
5304:
5288:. Retrieved
5279:Screen Daily
5277:
5249:
5238:December 22,
5236:. Retrieved
5231:
5228:Fountainhead
5227:
5222:Fountainhead
5221:
5207:. Retrieved
5202:the original
5194:
5191:in New York"
5188:
5166:. New York:
5161:
5140:
5117:
5105:. Retrieved
5098:
5082:. Retrieved
5076:
5070:
5044:
5017:
4997:. New York:
4994:
4979:. Retrieved
4973:
4966:Hosey, Lance
4957:
4953:
4926:. New York:
4922:
4909:. Retrieved
4903:
4897:
4870:
4864:
4841:. New York:
4837:
4813:
4789:
4762:
4735:
4712:
4697:. Retrieved
4691:
4685:
4660:
4651:
4624:
4620:Eyman, Scott
4602:Viking Press
4600:. New York:
4597:
4596:Revisited".
4593:
4590:Ephron, Nora
4578:. Retrieved
4567:
4544:
4525:
4510:. Retrieved
4507:The Playlist
4506:
4501:Fountainhead
4500:
4488:December 23,
4486:. Retrieved
4479:
4451:
4438:. Retrieved
4432:
4417:. Retrieved
4408:
4381:
4358:
4341:. Retrieved
4336:
4332:
4326:
4304:. New York:
4300:
4273:
4254:
4227:
4211:. Retrieved
4205:
4199:
4170:
4146:. New York:
4142:
4138:Bloom, Allan
4114:
4101:. Retrieved
4097:
4071:
4066:, p. 6.
4059:
4032:
4020:
4008:
3996:
3984:
3972:
3960:
3948:
3941:Pascaud 2014
3936:
3924:
3912:
3900:
3890:November 30,
3888:. Retrieved
3881:
3874:
3862:
3850:
3823:. Retrieved
3813:
3806:
3799:MĂ©reuze 2014
3784:Candoni 2014
3764:. Retrieved
3760:the original
3753:
3746:
3734:
3722:
3710:
3698:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3650:. Retrieved
3642:Film Comment
3641:
3636:Film Comment
3635:
3628:
3621:Mueller 2015
3616:
3604:
3592:
3580:
3568:
3556:
3544:
3532:
3507:February 28,
3505:. Retrieved
3495:
3484:
3473:
3462:
3457:, p. 92
3455:Flowers 2009
3450:
3438:
3431:Branden 1986
3426:
3421:, p. 47
3414:
3409:, p. 62
3402:
3391:
3379:
3367:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3319:
3314:, p. 30
3306:
3294:
3282:
3270:
3258:
3253:, p. 29
3245:
3217:
3212:
3200:
3188:
3183:, p. 86
3176:
3171:, p. 96
3164:
3152:
3139:
3127:
3122:
3106:
3101:, p. 22
3099:Den Uyl 1999
3094:
3082:
3069:, p. 79
3062:
3057:, p. 70
3050:
3045:, p. 45
3043:Merrill 1991
3038:
3033:, p. 57
3011:
2999:
2994:, p. 21
2992:Den Uyl 1999
2972:
2968:
2963:
2951:
2946:, p. 75
2939:
2928:
2922:Pruette 1943
2917:
2905:
2883:
2871:
2864:Den Uyl 1999
2859:
2854:, p. 12
2847:
2840:Den Uyl 1999
2835:
2830:, p. 46
2822:
2815:
2803:
2798:
2785:
2780:, p. 58
2773:
2768:
2763:, p. 30
2761:Den Uyl 1999
2756:
2751:, p. 58
2727:
2722:, p. 51
2715:
2708:Den Uyl 1999
2703:
2691:
2679:
2667:. Retrieved
2647:
2620:
2608:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2587:the original
2577:
2565:
2553:
2531:Branden 1986
2526:
2506:, p. 68
2498:
2486:
2481:, p. 80
2466:, p. 68
2459:
2454:, p. 52
2447:
2440:Branden 1986
2435:
2428:Branden 1986
2408:
2396:
2369:
2364:
2359:, p. 87
2352:
2347:, p. 69
2340:
2335:, p. 43
2328:
2323:, p. 98
2316:
2311:, p. 11
2304:
2299:, p. 41
2292:
2287:, p. 31
2280:
2275:, p. 70
2268:
2263:, p. 20
2256:
2244:
2232:
2227:, p. 70
2219:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2178:, p. 52
2171:
2158:
2151:Den Uyl 1999
2136:Den Uyl 1999
2131:
2119:
2107:
2102:
2095:Merrill 1991
2090:
2085:, p. 14
2078:
2066:
2054:
2049:, p. 57
2031:Johnson 2005
1978:
1971:Branden 1986
1966:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1940:, p. 52
1925:, p. 89
1918:
1906:
1901:, p. 56
1893:
1888:, p. 50
1886:Den Uyl 1999
1881:
1876:, p. 62
1859:, p. 41
1822:
1809:, p. 33
1802:
1790:
1777:
1764:
1737:
1725:
1712:
1700:
1695:
1690:, p. 60
1688:Den Uyl 1999
1683:
1671:
1666:, p. 97
1659:
1647:
1635:
1630:, p. 17
1594:
1589:
1530:
1526:Frank Godwin
1508:produced an
1503:
1501:
1487:The Simpsons
1485:
1472:
1467:
1458:
1448:
1436:
1433:Ben Brantley
1426:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1395:The Guardian
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1344:Halina Reijn
1336:Ivo van Hove
1325:
1320:Ivo van Hove
1294:
1283:Oliver Stone
1276:
1269:
1262:Janis Joplin
1241:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1178:
1154:Donald Trump
1144:
1135:
1133:
1123:
1116:
1108:Conservative
1081:
1071:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1000:
968:
952:
945:antifeminist
939:
928:
924:
920:
914:
910:
902:
900:
888:
872:
857:
853:
852:
835:
831:
825:
821:
813:
809:
807:
798:
790:
785:Fallingwater
775:Architecture
767:
754:
752:
735:
732:
723:
720:
709:
703:
695:
691:
689:
674:
664:
656:
650:
632:
622:
618:
616:
607:
605:
594:
590:
586:
584:
540:
536:
532:
530:
525:
514:
499:Soviet Union
496:
473:Harold Laski
454:
449:Harold Laski
401:
391:
389:
369:
357:
348:Le Corbusier
333:
324:
318:
303:Howard Roark
290:
287:
283:
278:
276:
266:
264:
259:
256:
243:
219:Ivo van Hove
211:film version
207:Warner Bros.
204:
200:libertarians
187:
176:
160:
156:collectivism
137:
136:
135:
36:
6477:Objectivism
6362:Adaptations
6258:Stage plays
6215:Screenplays
5884:Weiss, Gary
5778:February 4,
5726:December 3,
5691:(1): 1–20.
5625:(in French)
5623:La Terrasse
5393:Powell, Jim
5335:(in French)
5323:Source vive
5234:(in French)
5209:December 3,
4790:On Ayn Rand
4699:December 3,
4484:(in French)
4339:(in French)
4213:December 3,
4085:Works cited
4052:Heller 2009
4025:Phipps 2010
3703:Siegel 2016
3679:Oliver 1992
3489:Powers 2016
3419:Ephron 1970
3372:Powell 1996
3299:Heller 2009
3287:Heller 2009
3275:Heller 2009
3263:Heller 2009
3222:Mayhew 2006
3087:Mayhew 2006
3067:Walker 1999
2977:Mayhew 2006
2910:Mayhew 2006
2888:Mayhew 2006
2828:Thomas 2005
2808:Mayhew 2006
2778:Mayhew 2006
2749:Mayhew 2006
2733:Mayhew 2006
2625:Perinn 1990
2613:Mayhew 2009
2570:Heller 2009
2558:Heller 2009
2519:Heller 2009
2504:Mayhew 2006
2491:Heller 2009
2401:Heller 2009
2374:Mayhew 2006
2321:Heller 2009
2237:Heller 2009
2225:Mayhew 2006
2164:Thomas 2005
2112:Mayhew 2006
2047:Mayhew 2006
2016:Heller 2009
1959:Mayhew 2006
1911:Heller 2009
1899:Mayhew 2006
1827:Mayhew 2006
1807:Filler 2009
1783:Mayhew 2006
1770:Mayhew 2006
1743:Mayhew 2006
1718:Mayhew 2006
1705:Mayhew 2006
1654:, p. 8
1522:syndication
1463:Rahat Kazmi
1407:La Terrasse
1340:Ramsey Nasr
1291:Zack Snyder
1279:Phil Joanou
1181:Gary Cooper
1164:Adaptations
1128:Nora Ephron
1120:Allan Bloom
1112:Sajid Javid
1110:politician
995:Gary Cooper
818:Objectivism
585:Rand began
507:skyscrapers
412:tragic flaw
398:Gail Wynand
321:protagonist
215:Gary Cooper
209:produced a
100:May 7, 1943
6611:Categories
6529:Depictions
6470:Philosophy
6344:characters
6328:Characters
5753:August 16,
5600:August 23,
4419:August 16,
4343:August 19,
3917:Darge 2014
3843:Santi 2016
3825:August 19,
3766:August 19,
3739:Davis 2024
3715:Hipes 2018
3691:Weiss 2012
3478:Hosey 2013
3467:Lewis 2007
3407:Bloom 1987
3360:Burns 2009
3324:Burns 2009
3181:Burns 2009
3031:Baker 1987
2720:Baker 1987
2479:Burns 2009
2464:Burns 2009
2452:Burns 2009
2413:Burns 2009
2357:Burns 2009
2345:Burns 2009
2333:Burns 2009
2297:Burns 2009
2273:Burns 2009
2249:Eyman 2010
2176:Baker 1987
2124:Baker 1987
2071:Hicks 2009
2001:Burns 2009
1758:Reidy 2010
1730:Rand 2005b
1640:Rand 2005a
1606:References
1537:radio play
1445:Television
1197:King Vidor
1193:Kent Smith
1017:Hal Wallis
909:described
804:Philosophy
516:Skyscraper
360:conformist
221:created a
184:bestseller
6501:Influence
6349:John Galt
5827:March 15,
5816:IndieWire
5507:Rand, Ayn
5431:USA Today
5413:April 15,
5383:August 6,
5290:March 15,
4993:(2008) .
4975:ArchDaily
4843:Doubleday
4592:(1970). "
4409:Les Echos
4198:"Review:
4013:Adil 2007
3953:Shaw 2017
3929:Todd 2014
3867:Yoon 2017
3652:March 15,
3561:Rand 1995
3549:Rand 1995
3205:Rand 1995
3193:Rand 1995
3169:Rand 1997
2944:Rand 1995
2696:Rand 1997
2593:April 23,
2285:Rand 1997
2261:Rand 1997
2200:Rand 1997
1923:Rand 1997
1611:Citations
1535:to air a
1502:In 1944,
1479:season 20
1431:, critic
1383:Les Échos
1349:Barcelona
1287:Brad Pitt
1252:starring
884:rationing
740:in 1984.
718:in 1952.
700:thesaurus
503:Manhattan
471:Chairman
271:socialist
164:socialist
147:architect
129:300033023
85:Publisher
6428:Part III
6425:(2012),
6419:(2011),
6340:List of
6223:Red Pawn
6062:Ayn Rand
5886:(2012).
5821:Archived
5772:Prospect
5747:Archived
5720:Archived
5697:41560268
5660:(1995).
5435:Archived
5409:(5): 322
5333:Télérama
5284:Archived
5232:La Croix
5042:(2006).
4887:41560389
4787:(2000).
4736:Ayn Rand
4711:(1999).
4622:(2010).
4574:Archived
4524:(1999).
4512:March 7,
4481:Le Monde
4434:Newsline
4413:Archived
4380:(1982).
4298:(2009).
4253:(1975).
4228:Ayn Rand
4225:(2004).
4168:(1986).
4140:(1987).
4115:Ayn Rand
4037:Leo 2009
3855:Yim 2017
3646:Archived
3638:Project"
2669:March 7,
2660:Archived
1543:See also
1510:abridged
1453:for the
1401:Télérama
1389:Le Monde
1377:La Croix
1203:and the
941:Feminist
404:ghettoes
329:egoistic
238:Ayn Rand
143:Ayn Rand
67:Language
61:Ayn Rand
6422:Part II
6401:Gawaahi
5992:Annual
5621:].
5489:135–136
5441:June 9,
5373:AV Club
5084:May 28,
4911:May 31,
4688:at BAM"
4580:May 21,
4440:June 1,
4103:June 1,
3880:"BAM |
2969:Poetics
1951:Poetics
1481:of the
1477:and in
1299:Netflix
1212:Variety
685:advance
488:History
240:in 1943
171:Tabloid
70:English
6590:(film)
6582:(book)
6458:(2014)
6450:(1940)
6431:(2014)
6416:Part I
6404:(1989)
6396:(1949)
6388:(1942)
6380:(1941)
6369:Screen
6320:(1997)
6312:(1995)
6304:(1984)
6285:(1940)
6277:(1934)
6269:(1934)
6250:(1949)
6242:(1945)
6234:(1945)
6226:(1932)
6207:(1982)
6199:(1971)
6191:(1969)
6183:(1966)
6175:(1964)
6156:(2000)
6148:(1979)
6140:(1961)
6121:(2015)
6113:(1957)
6105:(1943)
6097:(1938)
6094:Anthem
6089:(1936)
6078:Novels
6026:C-SPAN
5921:
5902:
5872:
5795:
5695:
5670:
5646:
5578:
5559:
5540:
5519:
5495:
5356:
5305:Reason
5261:
5174:
5147:
5128:
5056:
5028:
5005:
4934:
4885:
4849:
4824:
4801:
4773:
4746:
4723:
4671:
4632:
4608:
4551:
4532:
4463:
4392:
4366:
4312:
4284:
4261:
4239:
4182:
4154:
4126:
4098:Aurora
3220:". In
3085:". In
2975:". In
2826:". In
2776:". In
2611:". In
2110:". In
1957:". In
1825:". In
1703:". In
1386:, and
1034:Anthem
744:Themes
681:wiring
624:Anthem
291:Banner
279:Banner
267:Banner
252:stroke
198:, and
57:Author
6439:Stage
6274:Ideal
6118:Ideal
6024:from
5693:JSTOR
5226:[
4950:(PDF)
4883:JSTOR
4331:[
2663:(PDF)
2656:(PDF)
1581:Notes
1365:Seoul
932:it".
669:Knopf
113:Pages
75:Genre
5977:2017
5951:2017
5919:ISBN
5900:ISBN
5870:ISBN
5855:2016
5829:2021
5793:ISBN
5780:2019
5755:2024
5728:2017
5668:ISBN
5644:ISBN
5631:2016
5602:2016
5576:ISBN
5557:ISBN
5538:ISBN
5517:ISBN
5493:ISBN
5443:2022
5415:2011
5385:2018
5354:ISBN
5341:2016
5312:2017
5292:2021
5259:ISBN
5240:2016
5211:2017
5172:ISBN
5145:ISBN
5126:ISBN
5109:2017
5086:2018
5054:ISBN
5026:ISBN
5003:ISBN
4983:2016
4932:ISBN
4913:2018
4847:ISBN
4822:ISBN
4799:ISBN
4771:ISBN
4744:ISBN
4721:ISBN
4701:2017
4669:ISBN
4630:ISBN
4606:ISBN
4582:2020
4569:Time
4549:ISBN
4530:ISBN
4514:2024
4490:2016
4461:ISBN
4442:2017
4421:2024
4390:ISBN
4364:ISBN
4345:2014
4310:ISBN
4282:ISBN
4259:ISBN
4237:ISBN
4215:2017
4180:ISBN
4152:ISBN
4124:ISBN
4105:2017
3892:2017
3827:2014
3768:2014
3654:2021
3509:2021
2971:and
2671:2024
2595:2011
1953:and
1451:Urdu
1305:Play
1264:and
1227:and
1224:Time
1215:and
1169:Film
1080:and
480:and
229:Plot
123:OCLC
4875:doi
3128:Not
1494:".
1363:in
1260:on
1086:by
1076:by
323:of
6613::
6413::
5966:.
5940:.
5898:.
5844:.
5819:.
5813:.
5769:.
5745:.
5739:.
5718:.
5712:.
5687:.
5593:.
5491:.
5473:.
5457:.
5433:.
5429:.
5407:46
5405:.
5399:.
5371:.
5303:.
5282:.
5276:.
5257:.
5193:.
5170:.
5124:.
5097:.
5075:.
5052:.
5024:.
5001:.
4972:.
4958:23
4956:.
4952:.
4930:.
4902:.
4881:.
4871:10
4869:.
4845:.
4820:.
4797:.
4769:.
4742:.
4719:.
4690:.
4667:.
4650:.
4572:.
4566:.
4505:.
4459:.
4388:.
4308:.
4280:.
4235:.
4204:.
4178:.
4150:.
4122:.
4096:.
4044:^
3835:^
3818:.
3791:^
3776:^
3644:.
3640:.
3517:^
3229:^
3074:^
3023:^
2984:^
2895:^
2740:^
2632:^
2538:^
2511:^
2471:^
2420:^
2381:^
2143:^
2038:^
2023:^
2008:^
1991:^
1930:^
1864:^
1849:^
1834:^
1814:^
1750:^
1618:^
1380:,
1301:.
1233:.
1106:,
862:,
840:.
820:.
659:.
528:.
202:.
194:,
158:.
6054:e
6047:t
6040:v
5979:.
5964:"
5953:.
5934:"
5927:.
5908:.
5878:.
5857:.
5838:"
5831:.
5801:.
5782:.
5757:.
5730:.
5699:.
5689:6
5676:.
5652:.
5633:.
5615:"
5604:.
5584:.
5565:.
5546:.
5525:.
5501:.
5445:.
5417:.
5387:.
5362:.
5343:.
5314:.
5294:.
5267:.
5242:.
5220:"
5213:.
5180:.
5153:.
5134:.
5111:.
5088:.
5073:"
5062:.
5034:.
5011:.
4985:.
4940:.
4915:.
4889:.
4877::
4855:.
4830:.
4807:.
4779:.
4752:.
4729:.
4703:.
4677:.
4638:.
4614:.
4584:.
4557:.
4538:.
4516:.
4492:.
4469:.
4444:.
4423:.
4398:.
4372:.
4347:.
4325:"
4318:.
4290:.
4267:.
4245:.
4217:.
4188:.
4160:.
4132:.
4107:.
4039:.
4027:.
4015:.
4003:.
3991:.
3979:.
3967:.
3955:.
3943:.
3931:.
3919:.
3907:.
3894:.
3884:"
3869:.
3857:.
3845:.
3829:.
3812:"
3801:.
3786:.
3770:.
3752:"
3741:.
3729:.
3717:.
3705:.
3681:.
3669:.
3656:.
3623:.
3511:.
2673:.
2597:.
787:.
315:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.