2004:
1771:
31:
548:
programming language. His string manipulation macros were used extensively in the initial SNOBOL implementation of 1962, and figured prominently in subsequent work, eventually leading to its machine-independent implementation language SIL. The table type
422:) programming languages through macro processors. These contributions started the macro-language tradition at Bell Labs ("everything from L6 and AMBIT to C"). McIlroy's macro processing ideas were also the main inspiration for
2496:
350:
in 1958; from 1965 to 1986 was head of its
Computing Techniques Research Department (the birthplace of the Unix operating system), and thereafter was Distinguished Member of Technical Staff.
2506:
536:: "The fact that there was a manual, that he insisted on a high standard for the manual, meant that he insisted on a high standard for every one of the programs that was documented".
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1671:
1661:
389:
646:
2038:
1290:
2146:
1678:
1358:
2063:
1635:
2164:
653:
Lifetime
Achievement Award ("The Flame") and its Software Tools User Group (STUG) award. In 2006, he was elected as a member of the
783:"First International Conference on Ada (R) Programming Language Applications for the NASA Space Station, volume 2 - NASA-TM-101202"
1077:
963:
276:
and programming language extensibility. He participated in the design of multiple influential programming languages, particularly
1055:
2206:
2201:
2093:
1944:
1205:
2320:
1815:
1740:
986:
71:
2031:
1959:
304:
2126:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
1601:
665:
McIlroy is attributed the quote "The real hero of programming is the one who writes negative code," where the meaning of
368:
509:
assembly, which became the first high-level programming language running on Unix, prompting development and influencing
418:
assembler, creating what is known as Macro SAP. His 1960 paper was also seminal in the area of extending any (including
2486:
1607:
808:
Software
Engineering: Report of a conference sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, Garmisch, Germany, 7–11 Oct. 1968
414:. In 1959, together with Douglas E. Eastwood of Bell Labs, he introduced conditional and recursive macros into popular
1650:
2196:
2179:
1717:
308:
2511:
2335:
2169:
2098:
623:
1668:
1658:
1025:
2285:
2024:
654:
419:
273:
2234:
2224:
2103:
1990:
1231:
1026:"Computing Science Technical Report No. 99 – A History of Computing Research at Bell Laboratories (1937–1975)"
2184:
2174:
1921:
1830:
873:
573:
532:"as a labor of love". Particularly, he edited volume 1 of the manual pages for Version 7 Unix. According to
2189:
2141:
2047:
634:
2131:
423:
1294:
782:
2390:
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618:
In the 1990s, McIlroy worked on improving sorting techniques, particularly he co-authored an optimized
1610:(audio), includes many autobiographical notes, along with discussion of many of the major Unix authors
1949:
1901:
1159:
973:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1799. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 105–120.
694:
415:
377:
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2136:
514:
82:
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1362:
724:
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718:
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2501:
2255:
2121:
1790:
1380:
2055:
1710:
1137:
868:
360:
In 1997, McIlroy retired from Bell Labs, and took a position as an adjunct professor in the
2531:
2521:
1845:
1376:
682:
354:
328:
320:
94:
826:
A Handbook of
Software and Systems Engineering: Empirical Observations, Laws, and Theories
591:
Around 1965, McIlroy, together with W. Stanley Brown, implemented the original version of
8:
1885:
257:
2295:
2250:
1336:
1243:
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1119:
1085:
1000:
992:
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decrease ('negative' code), while its overall quality, readability or speed improves).
383:
324:
66:
1576:
375:
chairman, member of the publications planning committee, and associate editor for the
2415:
2300:
1865:
1820:
1439:
1328:
1063:
982:
569:
550:
361:
233:
225:
1123:
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McIlroy has also made a significant influence on design of the programming language
2400:
2385:
2330:
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2007:
1860:
1835:
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1703:
1340:
1320:
1217:
1111:
1103:
996:
974:
914:
229:
170:
139:
1225:
1182:
A Research Unix reader: annotated excerpts from the
Programmer's Manual, 1971–1986
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2420:
2350:
2340:
2315:
2305:
2260:
1675:
1665:
1654:
1541:
935:
704:
497:
operating systems. He introduced the idea of Unix pipelines. He also implemented
411:
237:
90:
86:
1157:
Hall, A.D., "The ALTRAN System for
Rational Function Manipulation — A Survey".
2430:
2410:
2405:
2395:
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2370:
1850:
1810:
1795:
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1630:
1308:
1180:
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581:
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289:
98:
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1099:
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919:
902:
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630:
438:
340:
213:
175:
1519:
978:
2425:
2365:
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2325:
2290:
2275:
1875:
1647:
1483:
1252:(Technical report). Murray Hill, New Jersey: AT&T Bell Laboratories. 32
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898:
577:
533:
510:
372:
265:
261:
245:
1324:
1247:
1115:
2465:
2435:
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2016:
1985:
1969:
1840:
1805:
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1399:
678:
480:
253:
147:
143:
122:
110:
106:
1690:
489:), versions of which are widespread to this day through adoption of the
2445:
2440:
2310:
1501:
1272:
1188:(Technical report). Computing Science. AT&T Bell Laboratories. 139.
903:"The History of Macro Processors in Programming Language Extensibility"
670:
430:
300:
221:
1443:
1421:
2280:
1939:
1755:
1745:
1620:
1029:
494:
474:
347:
269:
190:
118:
962:
Krishnamurthi, Shriram; Felleisen, Matthias; Duba, Bruce F. (2000).
759:
2216:
2156:
1566:
These quotes were heard during a talk he gave to the DLSLUG 12/3/09
1108:
Proceeding ACM '65 Proceedings of the 1965 20th national conference
596:
529:
217:
30:
1488:
Graph Theory with
Applications to Engineering and Computer Science
1954:
1911:
1906:
1726:
943:
585:
450:
353:
From 1967 to 1968, McIlroy also served as a visiting lecturer at
1459:
449:
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s McIlroy contributed programs for
160:
On the
Solution of the Differential Equations of Conical Shells
1964:
1770:
650:
629:
In 1969, he contributed an efficient algorithm to generate all
592:
554:
545:
506:
454:
434:
337:
On the
Solution of the Differential Equations of Conical Shells
285:
281:
154:
114:
2497:
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
1082:
HOPL: Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages
1060:
HOPL: Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages
855:
HOPL: Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages
1502:"Elected Fellows: Listing of Fellows who are current members"
619:
603:
502:
490:
394:
293:
2507:
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
561:
518:
463:
458:
277:
249:
241:
102:
1695:
961:
717:
Brock, David C.; McIlroy, Malcom D. (September 30, 2019).
1311:(1978). "A history of the SNOBOL programming languages".
969:. In Czarnecki, Krzysztof; Eisenecker, Ulrich W. (eds.).
565:
332:
1691:
Original unix spell source code, written by Doug McIlroy
735:
McIlroy, Malcom (Doug) Douglas oral history, part 2 of 2
732:
Brock, David C.; McIlroy, Malcom D. (November 6, 2019).
720:
McIlroy, Malcom (Doug) Douglas oral history, part 1 of 2
572:
committee that designed the language and, together with
236:. McIlroy is best known for having originally proposed
1508:. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
1078:"Bell SAP – SAP with conditional and recursive macros"
390:
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems
544:
McIlroy influenced the design and implementation of
971:
Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering
647:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
272:. He was also one of the pioneering researchers of
1375:
1144:(2nd, revised ed.). CUP Archive. p. 254.
677:, team anecdote (i.e., when a change in a program
299:His seminal work on software componentization and
2492:Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
2478:
1464:(November 1993). "Engineering a sort function".
1056:"Macro SAP – Macro compiler modification of SAP"
964:"From Macros to Reusable Generative Programming"
810:. Scientific Affairs Division, NATO. p. 79.
1397:
1206:"The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System"
780:
637:(first discovered by George J. Minty in 1965).
393:. He also served on the executive committee of
1353:
606:(e.g., he proposed the stream output operator
2032:
1711:
1098:
823:
564:programming language. He was a member of the
400:
35:McIlroy at the Japan Prize Foundation in 2011
16:American mathematician and computer scientist
1482:
1270:
1210:AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal
1199:
1197:
1195:
933:
731:
716:
1291:"The Creation of the UNIX Operating System"
824:Endres, Albert; Rombach, H. Dieter (2003).
645:In 1995, he was elected as a Fellow of the
560:In 1960s, he participated in the design of
539:
2046:
2039:
2025:
1718:
1704:
1106:(1965). "TRAC, A Text-Handling Language".
1092:
437:and later was ported to and included into
29:
1416:
1192:
1171:
1169:
1153:
1151:
1024:Holbrook, Bernard D.; Brown, W. Stanley.
1023:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
918:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
799:McIlroy, Malcolm Douglas (January 1969).
640:
429:He also coauthored M6 macro processor in
410:McIlroy is considered to be a pioneer of
1307:
444:
1242:
1203:
1175:
1070:
897:
893:
891:
819:
817:
798:
343:). He taught at MIT from 1954 to 1958.
2479:
1945:General Comprehensive Operating System
1560:
1438:
1301:
1166:
1148:
1010:
832:
781:Bown, Rodney L., ed. (2–5 June 1986).
754:
752:
738:. Computer History Museum. p. 52.
2020:
1699:
1648:Ancestry of Linux - How the Fun Began
1432:
669:is taken to be similar to the famous
660:
72:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1960:Multiple Console Time Sharing System
1577:"MacPaint and QuickDraw Source Code"
1357:; Bromberg, Howard (June 12, 1997).
1283:
1271:Dzonsons, Kristaps; Schwarze, Ingo.
1236:
1136:
1048:
888:
814:
305:component-based software engineering
2147:Quantum computing and communication
1359:"The World's First COBOL Compilers"
1249:Yacc: Yet Another Compiler-Compiler
801:"Mass produced software components"
749:
405:
369:Association for Computing Machinery
13:
1466:Software—Practice & Experience
1222:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1984.tb00054.x
14:
2543:
1590:
1548:. National Academy of Engineering
828:. Pearson Education. p. 327.
557:on McIlroy's insistence in 1969.
309:software product line engineering
2003:
2002:
1769:
1608:McIlroy's History of Unix speech
1569:
1534:
1512:
1494:
1476:
1453:
1410:
1391:
1369:
1347:
1264:
1130:
655:National Academy of Engineering
1991:Compatible Time-Sharing System
1657:, presentation November 2005:
1163:, 14(8):517–521 (August 1971).
955:
927:
869:"M. Douglas (Malcolm) McIlroy"
861:
792:
774:
1:
2165:Free and open-source software
1922:Multics Relational Data Store
1631:Publications by M. D. McIlroy
1490:. Prentice-Hall. p. 480.
1444:"A History of C++: 1979−1991"
1381:"Interview with M.D. McIlroy"
874:Mathematics Genealogy Project
743:
710:
613:
367:He has previously served the
364:Computer Science Department.
524:McIlroy also took over from
331:in applied mathematics from
323:in engineering physics from
314:
7:
1725:
1400:"The Multics PL/1 Compiler"
1293:. Bell Labs. Archived from
1204:Ritchie, Dennis M. (1984).
936:"Macro memories, 1964–2013"
688:
649:. In 2004, he won both the
461:operating systems (such as
212:(born 1932) is an American
10:
2548:
2202:Virtualization development
1273:"History of UNIX Manpages"
401:Research and contributions
2487:Dartmouth College faculty
2243:
2215:
2155:
2112:
2054:
2000:
1978:
1930:
1894:
1778:
1767:
1733:
1522:. USENIX. 6 December 2011
1160:Communications of the ACM
762:. USENIX. 6 December 2011
695:Darwin (programming game)
595:programming language for
378:Communications of the ACM
185:
181:
169:
153:
135:
128:
78:
62:
40:
28:
21:
1542:"Dr. M. Douglas McIlroy"
540:Computer language design
2512:Scientists at Bell Labs
2127:Artificial intelligence
1621:Doug McIlroy's homepage
1581:Computer History Museum
979:10.1007/3-540-40048-6_9
725:Computer History Museum
335:in 1959 for his thesis
303:makes him a pioneer of
210:Malcolm Douglas McIlroy
23:Malcolm Douglas McIlroy
2256:John Vincent Atanasoff
2048:Timelines of computing
1297:on September 14, 2004.
1277:Practical UNIX Manuals
920:10.1093/comjnl/28.1.29
641:Awards and recognition
517:and Stephen Johnson's
515:B programming language
439:early versions of Unix
371:as national lecturer,
240:and developed several
224:. As of 2019 he is an
2391:Klára Dán von Neumann
2197:Programming languages
1398:R. A. Frieburghouse.
1325:10.1145/960118.808393
1216:(6 Part 2): 1577–93.
1116:10.1145/800197.806048
1006:on November 25, 2004.
934:David Walden (2014).
501:compiler-compiler in
445:Contributions to Unix
2170:Hypertext technology
1846:Michael A. Padlipsky
1422:"The Choice of PL/I"
1110:. pp. 229–246.
1036:on September 2, 2014
907:The Computer Journal
681:makes the number of
433:, which was used in
95:software componentry
1886:Victor A. Vyssotsky
1791:Fernando J. Corbató
1319:(8). ACM: 275–308.
1313:ACM SIGPLAN Notices
1244:Johnson, Stephen C.
1088:on August 21, 2007.
1066:on August 13, 2008.
528:compilation of the
319:McIlroy earned his
2296:Edsger W. Dijkstra
2251:Kathleen Antonelli
2235:Web search engines
2225:Internet conflicts
2104:Women in computing
1674:2020-08-02 at the
1664:2020-08-02 at the
1653:2020-08-03 at the
1636:Doug McIlroy Facts
1462:M. Douglas McIlroy
1440:Stroustrup, Bjarne
1379:(18 August 1989).
1377:Michael S. Mahoney
661:Views on computing
580:(EPL) compiler in
521:parser-generator.
384:Journal of the ACM
325:Cornell University
67:Cornell University
57:Newburgh, New York
2474:
2473:
2416:Bjarne Stroustrup
2321:Margaret Hamilton
2301:J. Presper Eckert
2175:Operating systems
2014:
2013:
1866:Michael Schroeder
1821:Bernard Greenberg
1642:Ancestry of Linux
1602:archived homepage
988:978-3-540-40048-6
851:"Douglas McIlroy"
551:associative array
426:macro processor.
362:Dartmouth College
355:Oxford University
348:Bell Laboratories
321:bachelor's degree
234:Dartmouth College
226:Adjunct Professor
207:
206:
171:Doctoral advisors
130:Scientific career
2539:
2401:Guido van Rossum
2386:John von Neumann
2331:David A. Huffman
2142:Machine learning
2114:Computer science
2041:
2034:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2006:
2005:
1861:Glenda Schroeder
1836:Peter G. Neumann
1816:Robert M. Graham
1801:Peter J. Denning
1773:
1751:General Electric
1720:
1713:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1615:cs.dartmouth.edu
1585:
1584:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1460:Jon L. Bentley;
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1365:on June 4, 2004.
1361:. Archived from
1351:
1345:
1344:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1224:. Archived from
1201:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1142:Macro Processors
1134:
1128:
1127:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1084:. Archived from
1074:
1068:
1067:
1062:. Archived from
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1032:. Archived from
1021:
1008:
1007:
1005:
999:. Archived from
968:
959:
953:
952:
940:
931:
925:
924:
922:
895:
886:
885:
883:
881:
865:
859:
858:
847:
830:
829:
821:
812:
811:
805:
796:
790:
789:
787:
778:
772:
771:
769:
767:
756:
739:
728:
609:
412:macro processors
406:Macro processors
274:macro processors
230:Computer Science
203:
200:
198:
196:
194:
192:
165:
140:Computer science
54:
50:
48:
33:
19:
18:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2451:Stephen Wolfram
2421:Ruth Teitelbaum
2376:Douglas McIlroy
2351:Semyon Korsakov
2341:Brian Kernighan
2316:Betty Holberton
2306:Adele Goldstine
2261:Charles Babbage
2239:
2211:
2151:
2132:Binary prefixes
2108:
2050:
2045:
2015:
2010:
1996:
1974:
1932:
1926:
1890:
1826:Douglas McIlroy
1774:
1765:
1729:
1724:
1685:code.google.com
1676:Wayback Machine
1666:Wayback Machine
1655:Wayback Machine
1593:
1588:
1583:. 18 July 2010.
1575:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1481:
1477:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1437:
1433:
1415:
1411:
1396:
1392:
1374:
1370:
1352:
1348:
1309:Griswold, Ralph
1306:
1302:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1241:
1237:
1202:
1193:
1185:
1174:
1167:
1156:
1149:
1135:
1131:
1097:
1093:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1022:
1011:
1003:
989:
966:
960:
956:
938:
932:
928:
896:
889:
879:
877:
867:
866:
862:
849:
848:
833:
822:
815:
803:
797:
793:
785:
779:
775:
765:
763:
758:
757:
750:
746:
713:
705:Unix philosophy
691:
663:
643:
616:
607:
553:) was added to
542:
447:
408:
403:
346:McIlroy joined
317:
244:tools, such as
189:
163:
91:Unix philosophy
70:
63:Alma mater
58:
55:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2545:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2517:Multics people
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2431:Linus Torvalds
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2411:Frances Spence
2408:
2406:Claude Shannon
2403:
2398:
2396:Dennis Ritchie
2393:
2388:
2383:
2381:Marlyn Meltzer
2378:
2373:
2371:Joseph Kruskal
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2244:Notable people
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
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1962:
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1851:Dennis Ritchie
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1811:Stuart Feldman
1808:
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1796:Monte Davidoff
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1786:David D. Clark
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1659:(presentation)
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1591:External links
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1426:Multicians.org
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1404:Multicians.org
1390:
1387:. Murray Hill.
1368:
1355:Lawson, Harold
1346:
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1228:on 6 May 2010.
1191:
1177:McIlroy, M. D.
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631:spanning trees
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526:Dennis Ritchie
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238:Unix pipelines
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51:April 24, 1932
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2502:Living people
2500:
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2464:
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2461:Steve Wozniak
2459:
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2456:Niklaus Wirth
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1917:Multics Emacs
1915:
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1887:
1884:
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1881:Tom Van Vleck
1879:
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1871:Richard Soley
1869:
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1856:Jerry Saltzer
1854:
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1520:"Flame Award"
1515:
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1471:
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1418:Tom Van Vleck
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1385:Princeton.edu
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1104:Deutsch, L.P.
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795:
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761:
755:
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748:
737:
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730:
727:. p. 59.
726:
722:
721:
715:
714:
706:
703:
701:
700:Homoiconicity
698:
696:
693:
692:
686:
684:
683:lines of code
680:
676:
675:Bill Atkinson
672:
668:
667:negative code
658:
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574:Robert Morris
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493:standard and
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341:Eric Reissner
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214:mathematician
211:
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188:
184:
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176:Eric Reissner
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96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:(Ph.D., 1959)
73:
68:
65:
61:
53:(age 92)
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2426:Ken Thompson
2375:
2366:Donald Knuth
2361:Ada Lovelace
2326:Grace Hopper
2291:Stephen Cook
2276:George Boole
2230:Web browsers
2137:Cryptography
1931:Multics-like
1902:Space Travel
1876:Ken Thompson
1825:
1604:at Bell Labs
1580:
1571:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1545:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1514:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1484:Narsingh Deo
1478:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1434:
1425:
1412:
1403:
1393:
1384:
1371:
1363:the original
1349:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1295:the original
1285:
1276:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1248:
1238:
1226:the original
1213:
1209:
1181:
1158:
1141:
1132:
1107:
1100:Mooers, C.N.
1094:
1086:the original
1081:
1072:
1064:the original
1059:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1034:the original
1001:the original
970:
957:
948:
942:
929:
913:(1): 29–33.
910:
906:
878:. Retrieved
872:
863:
854:
825:
807:
794:
776:
764:. Retrieved
760:"STUG Award"
734:
719:
666:
664:
644:
628:
617:
601:
590:
576:, wrote the
559:
543:
534:Sandy Fraser
523:
511:Ken Thompson
486:
481:
475:
469:
462:
448:
428:
409:
388:
382:
376:
373:Turing Award
366:
359:
352:
345:
336:
318:
298:
209:
208:
159:
129:
69:(B.S., 1954)
2532:1932 births
2522:Unix people
2466:Konrad Zuse
2436:Alan Turing
2271:Jean Bartik
2266:John Backus
2064:Before 1950
1986:Project MAC
1970:Stratus VOS
1841:Joe Ossanna
1806:Jack Dennis
1761:Groupe Bull
1552:February 5,
1526:February 5,
1138:Cole, A. J.
1040:February 2,
899:Layzell, P.
880:February 7,
766:February 5,
673:developer,
624:Jon Bentley
599:computers.
530:Unix manual
148:engineering
144:mathematics
123:Unix manual
2481:Categories
2446:Larry Wall
2441:Paul Vixie
2311:Lois Haibt
2286:John Cocke
2180:DOS family
2122:Algorithms
2099:Scientific
1256:31 January
744:References
711:Literature
614:Algorithms
578:Early PL/I
431:FORTRAN IV
420:high-level
301:code reuse
222:programmer
195:.dartmouth
47:1932-04-24
2281:Vint Cerf
2069:1950–1979
2056:Computing
1940:Domain/OS
1756:Honeywell
1746:Bell Labs
1734:Developer
1626:Biography
1596:Bell Labs
1333:0362-1340
1030:Bell Labs
588:project.
495:Unix-like
453:(such as
339:(advisor
315:Biography
2336:Bob Kahn
2217:Internet
2157:Software
2008:Category
1895:Software
1672:Archived
1662:Archived
1651:Archived
1506:aaas.org
1486:(1974).
1246:(1975).
1179:(1987).
1140:(1981).
1124:40013081
901:(1985).
689:See also
608:<<
597:IBM 7094
584:for the
327:, and a
218:engineer
2207:Malware
2185:Windows
1979:Related
1955:ICL VME
1933:systems
1912:Macsyma
1907:Maclisp
1727:Multics
1679:(video)
1669:(audio)
1546:nae.edu
1420:(ed.).
1341:5413577
997:2576063
944:TUGboat
586:Multics
555:SNOBOL4
451:Multics
186:Website
1965:PRIMOS
1950:GEORGE
1779:People
1339:
1331:
1122:
995:
985:
679:source
651:USENIX
593:ALTRAN
546:SNOBOL
507:PDP-11
457:) and
455:RUNOFF
435:ALTRAN
387:, and
381:, the
286:ALTRAN
282:SNOBOL
268:, and
220:, and
199:/~doug
164:(1959)
162:
155:Thesis
136:Fields
115:RUNOFF
83:Macros
2190:Linux
2094:2020s
2089:2010s
2084:2000s
2079:1990s
2074:1980s
1472:(11).
1447:(PDF)
1337:S2CID
1186:(PDF)
1120:S2CID
1004:(PDF)
993:S2CID
967:(PDF)
939:(PDF)
804:(PDF)
786:(PDF)
671:Apple
635:graph
633:in a
622:with
620:qsort
570:SHARE
503:PDP-7
491:POSIX
395:CSNET
329:Ph.D.
266:speak
262:graph
246:spell
1554:2020
1528:2020
1329:ISSN
1258:2020
1042:2020
983:ISBN
951:(1).
882:2020
768:2020
562:PL/I
519:Yacc
505:and
487:look
485:and
482:join
470:echo
464:diff
459:Unix
424:TRAC
307:and
292:and
278:PL/I
258:join
254:sort
250:diff
242:Unix
197:.edu
111:join
107:sort
103:diff
99:echo
41:Born
1741:MIT
1321:doi
1232:PDF
1230:As
1218:doi
1112:doi
975:doi
915:doi
610:).
604:C++
582:TMG
566:IBM
513:'s
499:TMG
416:SAP
333:MIT
294:C++
290:TMG
232:at
228:of
193:.cs
191:www
2483::
1579:.
1544:.
1504:.
1470:23
1468:.
1442:.
1424:.
1402:.
1383:.
1335:.
1327:.
1317:13
1315:.
1275:.
1214:63
1212:.
1208:.
1194:^
1168:^
1150:^
1118:.
1102:;
1080:.
1058:.
1028:.
1012:^
991:.
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941:.
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909:.
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890:^
871:.
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476:tr
473:,
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288:,
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264:,
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1530:.
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1406:.
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1323::
1279:.
1260:.
1220::
1126:.
1114::
1044:.
977::
923:.
917::
884:.
857:.
788:.
770:.
568:–
549:(
201:/
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
