294:
322:
194:. Notably, it does not have records of historical figures in the revolution, even those that had been born before the end of the Qing dynasty, although it includes biographies of various others who were born after the collapse of the Qing dynasty. The historians, who were Qing loyalists and/or sympathizers, had a tendency to villainize the revolutionaries. In fact, the draft completely avoided the use of the
308:
186:
Because of the lack of funding, the authors were forced to publish quickly, and consequently this project was never finished, remaining in the draft stage. In rushing to publication, the authors were motivated by the political instability of the period. The authors openly acknowledged their rush, and
724:
277:
reported in April 2020 that the project's results were being reviewed. The draft was rejected in
November 2023, apparently because of official discontent with the narrative it presented and the influence of the so-called
92:
1,100 copies of the book were published. The
Beiyang government moved 400 of the original draft into the northern provinces, where it re-edited the content twice, thus creating three different versions of the book.
1594:
74:
caused a lack of funding for the project and it was put to an end in 1930. The two sides of the
Chinese civil war, the People's Republic of China and Republic of China have attempted to complete it.
1658:
251:, which saw Taiwan as a separate entity from China and therefore not as the new Chinese regime that would be responsible for writing the official history of the previous dynasty.
83:
2214:
1492:
2253:
228:
as an illegitimate, impostor regime. It also removed the passages that were derogatory towards the Xinhai
Revolution. This edition has not been accepted as the official
254:
In 1961, the People's
Republic of China also attempted to complete writing the history of the Qing dynasty, but the historians were prevented from doing so by the
1587:
243:
incorporating new materials and improvements in historiography, lasted from 1988 to 2000 and only published 33 chapters out of the over 500 projected. The
2258:
2094:
232:
because it is recognized that it was a rushed job published for political purposes. Nor does it correct most of the many errors known to exist in the
1933:
1673:
794:
657:
2528:
2078:
2049:
1668:
1124:
1750:
104:(1937-1945). According to historian Hsi-yuan Chen, further work was discouraged by the obsolescence of the Imperial Chinese conceptions of
570:
Mao, Liping; Ma, Zhao (2012). ""Writing
History in the Digital Age": The New Qing History Project and the Digitization of Qing Archives".
1289:
1631:
1738:
1723:
116:
The draft contains 529 volumes. It attempts to follow the form of previous official histories, and is organized into four sections:
1425:
1025:
686:
556:
2461:
1800:
266:
207:
20:
212:
In 1961, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the declaration of the
Republic of China, the Republic of China government in
19:
This article is about the history compilation project active from 1914 to 1927. For the project active from 2002 to 2023, see
2492:
1733:
100:
in 1930. The ban was lifted later, but still no further work was actually done partly due to continued warfare including the
1962:
1713:
1626:
1350:
508:
1535:
1365:
787:
2178:
1547:
1420:
1244:
492:
375:"Last chapter unfinished: The making of the official Qing History and the crisis of Traditional Chinese Historiography"
2467:
2308:
2183:
1540:
1117:
1013:
981:
973:
435:
709:
2278:
2533:
2523:
2395:
1638:
1325:
1211:
598:
1979:
1845:
1613:
1360:
1299:
1269:
1259:
780:
2413:
2188:
2044:
1728:
1718:
1703:
1698:
1530:
1480:
1460:
1400:
1234:
853:
273:. Initially planned to be completed in 10 years, the completion of the first draft was later pushed to 2016.
67:
2172:
1950:
1817:
1683:
1577:
1187:
1177:
1110:
2089:
2072:
1582:
1557:
1520:
1430:
1390:
1142:
643:
342:
2472:
1918:
195:
2482:
2201:
2130:
1923:
1455:
1380:
1249:
1167:
1066:
1054:
1042:
427:
2403:
2223:
1957:
1928:
1678:
101:
1999:
1465:
1450:
1284:
1182:
225:
2380:
2268:
2149:
1974:
1192:
1037:
678:[The first draft of the National Qing History Compilation Project has been completed].
105:
97:
2313:
2273:
1940:
1902:
1790:
1770:
1688:
1487:
1470:
1335:
1304:
1239:
841:
804:
730:[China Watch: "History of Qing" failed to pass political review and has hit a snag].
336:
198:, which was unacceptable for an official history meant to endorse the rise of a new regime.
2385:
2352:
2318:
2263:
2143:
2125:
1835:
1765:
1572:
1355:
8:
2438:
2288:
2228:
2160:
1840:
1693:
1648:
1395:
1274:
1254:
1162:
937:
255:
248:
672:
2323:
2034:
2029:
1855:
1795:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1599:
1445:
1264:
846:
402:
63:
2333:
2328:
2303:
2248:
2243:
2166:
2114:
2019:
1850:
1755:
1653:
1552:
1515:
1440:
1370:
1340:
1294:
622:
583:
543:
488:
431:
407:
394:
191:
89:
The massive book was started in 1914, and the rough copy was finished in about 1927.
71:
451:
2487:
2370:
2293:
2233:
2039:
1760:
1621:
1567:
1410:
1375:
1279:
1204:
1172:
997:
989:
579:
386:
279:
37:
24:
108:
and historiography, which the making of an "official history" inherently assumed.
2502:
2448:
2298:
2283:
2107:
1562:
1525:
1475:
1435:
1385:
1330:
1199:
1085:
1073:
1049:
649:[The first draft of the newly revised Qing History has been completed.].
762:
519:
457:
2365:
2238:
2004:
1967:
1415:
1405:
1345:
1061:
390:
313:
2517:
2477:
2443:
2408:
2024:
2014:
1830:
1221:
901:
870:
398:
487:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 834–5.
160:), containing lists of important people in important posts or royal lineages
2497:
2194:
2136:
1825:
1807:
1663:
1133:
1090:
954:
949:
913:
877:
327:
299:
55:
2433:
2154:
1875:
1870:
1018:
961:
925:
894:
865:
829:
701:
772:
374:
2101:
1945:
1895:
1865:
1708:
1030:
1002:
918:
906:
889:
321:
59:
1102:
747:不過，耶魯大學法學院華裔教授張泰蘇近日在社交媒體引述可靠消息來源稱，「清史項目產出的完整稿子沒過政審，原因與『受國外新清史影響過大』有關。」
1890:
1880:
1078:
966:
942:
858:
822:
735:
2375:
2120:
2067:
2009:
1885:
1860:
930:
882:
2360:
1006:
261:
In 2002, the PRC once again announced that it would complete the
269:
was approved in 2003, and put under the leadership of historian
834:
270:
213:
45:
2084:
1643:
817:
58:
compiled and written by a team of over 100 historians led by
725:"Zhōngguó guānchá: Wèi tōngguò zhèngshěn "Qīngshǐ" chùjiāo"
702:"Dai Yi speaks on Qing history national compilation project"
469:] (in Chinese) (Revised ed.). Zhonghua shuju. 1977.
190:
The draft was later criticized for being biased against the
187:
admitted there may have been factual or superficial errors.
2254:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
1743:
673:"Guójiā Qīngshǐ Biānzuǎn Gōngchéng yǐ wánchéng chūgǎo"
239:
An additional project, attempting to actually write a
82:
The Qing imperial court had previously established a
289:
2259:
Convention for the
Extension of Hong Kong Territory
224:and revised many existing chapters to denounce the
23:. For the school of historiographical thought, see
671:Rèn, Mǐn (18 December 2013). Sòng, Yǔchéng (ed.).
518:
177:), written about notable or representative people.
2515:
16:Unfinished official history of the Qing dynasty
1659:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
2079:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
2050:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1118:
788:
424:One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty
700:Guo, Fei (21 April 2020). Ma, Yuhong (ed.).
642:Rèn, Chéngqí; Hǎo, Xìngzǐ (1 January 2016).
86:that pre-compiled its own dynastic history.
54:) is a draft of the official history of the
70:. The draft was published in 1928, but the
1125:
1111:
795:
781:
478:
476:
1739:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
802:
482:
406:
247:was abandoned because of the rise of the
220:, added 21 supplementary chapters to the
1588:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
1026:Historical Records of the Five Dynasties
541:
368:
366:
364:
362:
360:
358:
2195:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
1132:
712:from the original on 14 September 2021.
473:
421:
415:
2516:
689:from the original on 19 December 2013.
660:from the original on 16 February 2016.
641:
2493:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
1734:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
1106:
776:
644:"Xīn xiū "Qīng Shǐ" chūgǎo wánchéng"
620:
596:
569:
355:
134:), chronicling the reigns of emperors
2529:History books about the Qing dynasty
1714:Ministry of Posts and Communications
372:
2462:History of Qing (People's Republic)
699:
670:
559:from the original on 12 April 2019.
485:Chinese history : a new manual
208:History of Qing (People's Republic)
21:History of Qing (People's Republic)
13:
2179:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
1548:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
1541:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
1421:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1245:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
722:
201:
14:
2545:
2468:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
2309:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
2184:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
1336:Dogra–Tibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
1014:Old History of the Five Dynasties
982:History of the Northern Dynasties
974:History of the Southern Dynasties
756:
597:Chéng, Chóngdé (3 January 2021).
2279:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
1595:Articles of Favourable Treatment
1351:Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)
584:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2012.00841.x
320:
306:
292:
1326:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
1212:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
723:Ji Xiaohua (紀曉華) (2023-11-07).
716:
693:
664:
635:
181:
1980:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
1270:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
614:
590:
563:
542:Huáiràng, Yuè (3 April 2019).
535:
501:
444:
173:
168:
164:
156:
143:
130:
125:
121:
84:Bureau of State Historiography
50:
1:
2414:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
2189:Islam during the Qing dynasty
2045:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
1729:Provincial military commander
1719:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
1704:Imperial Household Department
1531:Preparative Constitutionalism
1235:Sino-Russian border conflicts
854:Records of the Three Kingdoms
706:Chinese Social Sciences Today
348:
275:Chinese Social Sciences Today
2173:Researches on Manchu Origins
1578:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
1188:Transition from Ming to Qing
1178:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
734:(in Chinese). Archived from
517:(in Chinese). Archived from
483:Wilkinson, Endymion (2012).
379:Historiography East and West
147:), detailing specific events
7:
2073:Changzhou School of Thought
1583:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
1558:Railway Protection Movement
1536:1909 Parliamentary election
1521:British expedition to Tibet
1431:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
1391:Self-Strengthening Movement
1366:Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)
343:History of the Qing dynasty
285:
111:
10:
2550:
2473:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
1361:Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)
1300:Miao Rebellion (1795–1806)
1290:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
1260:Miao Rebellion (1735–1736)
391:10.1163/157018606779068306
205:
196:Republic of China calendar
77:
18:
2483:Names of the Qing dynasty
2426:
2394:
2351:
2344:
2213:
2131:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
2058:
1990:
1911:
1816:
1612:
1503:
1461:Dungan Revolt (1895–1896)
1456:Gongche Shangshu movement
1401:Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
1313:
1250:Chinese Rites controversy
1220:
1150:
1141:
812:
428:Stanford University Press
151:
138:
41:
2404:Great Qing Treasure Note
2224:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
1934:Administrative divisions
1751:Administrative divisions
1679:Flag of the Qing dynasty
726:
682:
674:
653:
645:
628:
623:
621:中新社网站 (26 August 2003).
607:
599:
552:
545:新修《清史》已进入稿件通读阶段，预计今年出版问世
544:
509:
461:
452:
102:Second Sino-Japanese War
2000:Chengde Mountain Resort
1801:Three Eastern Provinces
1451:First Sino-Japanese War
1426:Northern Chinese Famine
1285:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1183:Qing invasion of Joseon
651:Rénmín Rìbào Hǎiwài Bǎn
373:Chen, Hsi-yuan (2004).
258:which started in 1966.
2534:1928 non-fiction books
2524:Chinese-language books
2381:Great Qing Copper Coin
2269:Convention of Tientsin
2202:Annotated Bibliography
2150:Qing official headwear
1193:Battle of Shanhai Pass
624:两岸学者聚京共商清史纂修大计 预计10年完成
422:Laikwan, Pang (2024).
98:Nationalist Government
62:who were hired by the
2455:Draft History of Qing
2314:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2095:performance criticism
1699:Imperial Commissioner
1689:Great Qing Legal Code
1488:Eight-Nation Alliance
1471:Third plague pandemic
1381:Punti–Hakka Clan Wars
1305:White Lotus Rebellion
842:Book of the Later Han
805:Twenty-Four Histories
769:on CTEXT (incomplete)
467:Draft History of Qing
337:Twenty-Four Histories
234:Draft History of Qing
222:Draft History of Qing
96:It was banned by the
33:Draft History of Qing
2386:Great Qing Gold Coin
2319:Treaty of Tarbagatai
2264:Convention of Peking
2144:Pentaglot Dictionary
2126:Literary inquisition
1836:Ever Victorious Army
1669:Deliberative Council
1573:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
1526:1905 Batang uprising
1466:Hundred Days' Reform
1356:Small Swords Society
510:台灣版《清史》一年速成 筆墨官司幾上幾下
106:political legitimacy
2439:Anti-Qing sentiment
2289:Treaty of the Bogue
2229:Treaty of Nerchinsk
2161:Complete Tang Poems
1841:Green Standard Army
1724:Provincial governor
1694:Imperial Clan Court
1674:Diplomatic missions
1649:Consultative Bureau
1396:Tongzhi Restoration
1275:Afaqi Khoja revolts
1255:Ten Great Campaigns
1163:Jurchen unification
938:Book of Northern Qi
765:New History of Qing
456:[Preface].
256:Cultural Revolution
249:Pan-Green Coalition
241:New History of Qing
2324:Treaty of Tientsin
2035:Western Qing tombs
2030:Eastern Qing tombs
1856:Peking Field Force
1600:Manchu Restoration
1493:Declaration of war
1446:Jindandao incident
1265:Lhasa riot of 1750
763:Republic of China
216:published its own
64:Beiyang government
2511:
2510:
2422:
2421:
2334:Treaty of Whampoa
2329:Treaty of Wanghia
2304:Treaty of Nanking
2274:Li–Lobanov Treaty
2249:Chefoo Convention
2244:Burlingame Treaty
2115:Kangxi Dictionary
2020:Old Summer Palace
1851:Firearm Battalion
1654:Cup of Solid Gold
1608:
1607:
1553:Manchurian plague
1516:Late Qing reforms
1507:(1901–1912)
1441:Sikkim expedition
1371:Panthay Rebellion
1341:Taiping Rebellion
1317:(1801–1900)
1295:Sino-Nepalese War
1240:Dzungar–Qing Wars
1226:(1683–1799)
1154:(1616–1683)
1100:
1099:
727:中國觀察：未通過政審 《清史》觸礁
192:Xinhai Revolution
72:Chinese Civil War
68:Republic of China
2541:
2488:New Qing History
2371:Qianlong Tongbao
2349:
2348:
2294:Treaty of Canton
2234:Unequal treaties
2040:Fuling Mausoleum
1639:Advisory Council
1568:Wuchang Uprising
1508:
1411:Tianjin Massacre
1376:Second Opium War
1318:
1280:Sino-Burmese War
1227:
1205:Battle of Penghu
1173:Seven Grievances
1155:
1148:
1147:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1104:
1103:
998:New Book of Tang
990:Old Book of Tang
797:
790:
783:
774:
773:
750:
749:
744:
743:
720:
714:
713:
697:
691:
690:
668:
662:
661:
639:
633:
632:
618:
612:
611:
594:
588:
587:
567:
561:
560:
539:
533:
532:
530:
528:
523:on 9 August 2014
522:
505:
499:
498:
480:
471:
470:
448:
442:
441:
426:. Stanford, CA:
419:
413:
412:
410:
370:
330:
325:
324:
316:
311:
310:
309:
302:
297:
296:
295:
280:New Qing History
175:
170:
166:
158:
153:
145:
140:
132:
127:
123:
52:
43:
25:New Qing History
2549:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2503:Willow Palisade
2449:Chuang Guandong
2418:
2390:
2340:
2299:Treaty of Kulja
2284:Treaty of Aigun
2217:
2209:
2108:History of Ming
2060:
2054:
1992:
1986:
1912:Special regions
1907:
1846:Imperial Guards
1812:
1604:
1563:1911 Revolution
1509:
1506:
1499:
1476:Boxer Rebellion
1436:Sino-French War
1386:Amur Annexation
1331:First Opium War
1319:
1316:
1309:
1228:
1225:
1216:
1200:Great Clearance
1156:
1153:
1137:
1131:
1101:
1096:
1086:History of Ming
1074:History of Yuan
1050:History of Liao
1038:History of Song
993:(Liu Xu et al.)
808:
801:
759:
754:
753:
741:
739:
728:
721:
717:
698:
694:
684:
676:
669:
665:
655:
647:
640:
636:
630:
625:
619:
615:
609:
601:
600:戴逸先生与清史纂修前的准备工作
595:
591:
572:History Compass
568:
564:
554:
546:
540:
536:
526:
524:
515:big5.huaxia.com
511:
507:
506:
502:
495:
481:
474:
463:
454:
450:
449:
445:
438:
420:
416:
371:
356:
351:
326:
319:
312:
307:
305:
298:
293:
291:
288:
263:History of Qing
230:History of Qing
226:Communist Party
218:History of Qing
210:
204:
202:Modern attempts
184:
114:
80:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2547:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Kangxi Tongbao
2363:
2357:
2355:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Boxer Protocol
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2005:Forbidden City
2002:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1968:General of Ili
1965:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1951:List of ambans
1948:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1416:Margary Affair
1413:
1408:
1406:Mudan incident
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1346:Nian Rebellion
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1082:
1070:
1062:History of Jin
1058:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1010:
994:
986:
978:
970:
958:
946:
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
874:
862:
850:
838:
826:
813:
810:
809:
800:
799:
792:
785:
777:
771:
770:
758:
757:External links
755:
752:
751:
715:
692:
685:(in Chinese).
680:Běijīng Xīnwén
663:
634:
613:
589:
578:(5): 367–374.
562:
555:(in Chinese).
550:Péngpài Xīnwén
534:
500:
494:978-0674067158
493:
472:
443:
436:
414:
385:(2): 173–204.
353:
352:
350:
347:
346:
345:
340:
332:
331:
317:
314:History portal
303:
287:
284:
203:
200:
183:
180:
179:
178:
161:
148:
135:
113:
110:
79:
76:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2546:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:Manchu people
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Canton System
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Hubu Guanpiao
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2059:Society &
2057:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Summer Palace
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Mukden Palace
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:Palaces &
1989:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Eight Banners
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:Grand Council
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1504:20th century
1502:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1314:19th century
1312:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
991:
987:
984:
983:
979:
976:
975:
971:
968:
964:
963:
959:
956:
952:
951:
947:
944:
940:
939:
935:
932:
928:
927:
923:
920:
916:
915:
911:
908:
904:
903:
902:Book of Liang
899:
896:
892:
891:
887:
884:
880:
879:
875:
872:
871:Fang Xuanling
868:
867:
863:
860:
856:
855:
851:
848:
844:
843:
839:
836:
832:
831:
827:
824:
820:
819:
815:
814:
811:
807:
806:
798:
793:
791:
786:
784:
779:
778:
775:
768:
766:
761:
760:
748:
738:on 2023-11-18
737:
733:
729:
719:
711:
707:
703:
696:
688:
681:
677:
675:国家清史编纂工程已完成初稿
667:
659:
652:
648:
638:
631:(in Chinese).
626:
617:
610:(in Chinese).
606:
602:
593:
585:
581:
577:
573:
566:
558:
551:
547:
538:
521:
516:
512:
504:
496:
490:
486:
479:
477:
468:
464:
460:
455:
447:
439:
437:9781503638815
433:
430:. p. 8.
429:
425:
418:
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
369:
367:
365:
363:
361:
359:
354:
344:
341:
339:
338:
334:
333:
329:
323:
318:
315:
304:
301:
290:
283:
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
209:
199:
197:
193:
188:
176:
163:Biographies (
162:
159:
149:
146:
136:
133:
119:
118:
117:
109:
107:
103:
99:
94:
90:
87:
85:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
47:
39:
35:
34:
26:
22:
2498:Treaty ports
2460:
2454:
2453:
2427:Other topics
2200:
2193:
2171:
2159:
2142:
2137:Peiwen Yunfu
2135:
2113:
2106:
2077:
1826:Beiyang Army
1808:Zongli Yamen
1664:Da-Qing Bank
1481:Red Lanterns
1134:Qing dynasty
1091:Zhang Tingyu
1084:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1024:
1012:
996:
988:
985:(Li Yanshou)
980:
977:(Li Yanshou)
972:
960:
955:Linghu Defen
950:Book of Zhou
948:
936:
924:
914:Book of Chen
912:
900:
888:
878:Book of Song
876:
864:
852:
840:
828:
816:
803:
764:
746:
740:. Retrieved
736:the original
731:
718:
705:
695:
679:
666:
650:
637:
616:
604:
592:
575:
571:
565:
549:
537:
525:. Retrieved
520:the original
514:
503:
484:
466:
458:
446:
423:
417:
382:
378:
335:
328:Books portal
300:China portal
274:
262:
260:
253:
244:
240:
238:
233:
229:
221:
217:
211:
189:
185:
182:Shortcomings
172:
155:
142:
129:
115:
95:
91:
88:
81:
56:Qing dynasty
49:
32:
31:
29:
2434:Aisin Gioro
2396:Paper money
2155:Qing poetry
1876:Wuwei Corps
1871:Shuishiying
1632:Family tree
1019:Xue Juzheng
962:Book of Sui
926:Book of Wei
895:Xiao Zixian
866:Book of Jin
830:Book of Han
732:Singtao USA
459:Qīngshǐ gǎo
267:The project
245:New History
137:Treatises (
51:Qīngshǐ gǎo
2518:Categories
2102:Four Wangs
1993:mausoleums
1946:Golden Urn
1919:Inner Asia
1896:Xiang Army
1866:Hushenying
1791:Liangguang
1771:Liangjiang
1709:Lifan Yuan
1614:Government
1031:Ouyang Xiu
1003:Ouyang Xiu
919:Yao Silian
907:Yao Silian
890:Book of Qi
742:2023-11-18
646:新修《清史》初稿完成
349:References
206:See also:
60:Zhao Erxun
1924:Manchuria
1891:Huai Army
1881:Yong Ying
1766:Shaan-Gan
1222:High Qing
1168:Later Jin
1079:Song Lian
967:Wei Zheng
943:Li Baiyao
859:Chen Shou
823:Sima Qian
605:Guangming
408:153377177
399:1570-1867
2376:Hongqian
2345:Currency
2215:Treaties
2121:Kaozheng
2068:Booi Aha
2010:Hetu Ala
1963:Timeline
1958:Xinjiang
1929:Mongolia
1886:Chu Army
1861:New Army
1818:Military
1756:Viceroys
931:Wei Shou
883:Shen Yue
710:Archived
687:Archived
658:Archived
557:Archived
527:12 April
286:See also
282:school.
150:Tables (
120:Annals (
112:Contents
2361:Zhiqian
2353:Coinage
2090:Economy
2061:culture
1796:Yun-Gui
1786:Min-Zhe
1781:Sichuan
1776:Huguang
1622:Emperor
1143:History
1093:et al.)
1081:et al.)
1069:et al.)
1067:Toqto'a
1057:et al.)
1055:Toqto'a
1045:et al.)
1043:Toqto'a
1021:et al.)
1009:et al.)
1007:Song Qi
969:et al.)
957:et al.)
873:et al.)
654:人民日报海外版
78:History
66:of the
38:Chinese
1975:Taiwan
1151:Early
1136:topics
847:Fan Ye
835:Ban Gu
767:(1994)
491:
434:
405:
397:
271:Dai Yi
214:Taiwan
48::
46:pinyin
40::
2167:Queue
2085:Dibao
1941:Tibet
1761:Zhili
1644:Amban
818:Shiji
465:[
403:S2CID
174:zhuàn
1903:Navy
1744:Ejen
1627:List
683:北京新闻
629:新浪军事
553:澎湃新闻
529:2018
489:ISBN
453:發刊綴言
432:ISBN
395:ISSN
157:biǎo
30:The
627:.
580:doi
462:清史稿
387:doi
144:zhì
42:清史稿
2520::
1005:,
745:.
708:.
704:.
656:.
608:光明
603:.
576:10
574:.
548:.
513:.
475:^
401:.
393:.
381:.
377:.
357:^
265:.
236:.
171:;
167:;
154:;
141:;
131:jì
128:;
124:;
44:;
1126:e
1119:t
1112:v
1089:(
1077:(
1065:(
1053:(
1041:(
1033:)
1029:(
1017:(
1001:(
965:(
953:(
945:)
941:(
933:)
929:(
921:)
917:(
909:)
905:(
897:)
893:(
885:)
881:(
869:(
861:)
857:(
849:)
845:(
837:)
833:(
825:)
821:(
796:e
789:t
782:v
586:.
582::
531:.
497:.
440:.
411:.
389::
383:2
169:傳
165:传
152:表
139:志
126:記
122:纪
36:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
