467:, as peer review is not limited to only fixing spelling mistakes, but rather allows people with different worldviews to oversee a work, giving the writer greater insight as to the purpose of the work. Peer review can also point out sentence structure errors to the writer, potentially causing the draft to be entirely rewritten. Professional writers may use peer review while drafting for the previously stated reasons, although it is a time-consuming process.
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grammar mistakes the computer points out and miss mistakes that affect the entirety of the work (global mistakes), in comparison to when writers create physical, handwritten drafts, as in physical writing they have to constantly reread or revisit their work, making more corrections based on ideas.
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When drafting, a writer is most likely not scared of failure. Draft after draft, a writer can experiment on their work without being penalized for it. The more a writer drafts, the more they see as to what works and doesn't work for their writing. In a bad draft, the writer can reflect on the
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them to make physical revisions. By typing on a computer, it allows the writer to fix the minor mistakes the word processor points out and revise the printed copy, while also allowing the writer to make global revisions. Thanks to the computer, the process of drafting, which includes creating
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characterizes a draft less as a first attempt at a predetermined final point and more as an attempt at exploring and where a final version might end up. As he puts it, "riting is a way to end up thinking something you couldn’t have started out thinking." According to Elbow, the best way to
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However, drafting on a computer does not signify better drafts. Before word processing, when writers created a new draft, it was an investment of their time dedicated to completely rewriting the entirety of their work. When using word processors, it causes a writer to only correct minor
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accomplish this is a series of drafts which come together to produce an emerging “center of gravity” that then translates into the main focus on the work—a holistic process, in other words, rather than the linear process envisioned by Strunk and White and early
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generate trial versions of the text they're developing. At the phrasal level, these versions may last less than a second, as writers compose and then delete trial sentences; as fully developed attempts that have reached the end of a stage of usefulness,
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Becker, Anne. (2006). A review of writing model research based on cognitive processes. In
Horning, Alice; Anne Becker (Eds.), Revision: History, theory, and practice; (Reference guides to rhetoric and composition); West Lafayette, IN: Parlor Press (pp.
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Dave, Anish; David R. Russell. (2010). Drafting and revision using word processing by undergraduate student writers: Changing conceptions and practices. Research in the
Teaching of English 44.4, 406-434.
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Eckstein, Grant, Jessica
Chariton, Robb Mark McCollum. (2011). Multi-draft composing: An iterative model for academic argument writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 10.3, 162-172.
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Leijten, Mariëlle; Van Waes, Luuk; Ransdell, Sarah (2010). "Correcting Text
Production Errors: Isolating the Effects of Writing Mode From Error Span, Input Mode, and Lexicality".
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Owens, Kim
Hensley. “Teaching ‘the Six’-and Beyond.” Pedagogy : critical approaches to teaching literature, language, culture, and composition 9.3 (2009): 389–397. Web.
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theory. Elbow reasoned that if a writer "learns to maximize the interaction" among their "ideas or points of view, can produce new ones that didn’t seem available."
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Leijten, Mariëlle; Van Waes, Luuk (2013). "Keystroke
Logging in Writing Research: Using Inputlog to Analyze and Visualize Writing Processes".
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numerous drafts, can save the writer time instead of having to physically rewrite the entirety of their drafts.
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refers to any process of generating preliminary versions of a written work. Drafting happens at any stage of the
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of writers at work indicate that writers can be doing any or all of the following during phases of drafting:
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675:"The Writing Process: Study Hall Composition #1: ASU + Crash Course." YouTube, YouTube, 31 Mar. 2020,
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Flower, Linda; Hayes, John R. (1980). "The
Cognition of Discovery: Defining a Rhetorical Problem".
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Bohney, Brandie (Guest Editor). (2018). Fail
Forward! . Journal of Teaching Writing 33.2, 65-66.
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Elbow, Peter. Writing
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Elbow, Peter. Writing
Without Teachers. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1973, 1998. p.15
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In order to benefit from both, it is possible to type drafts on a computer and then
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The Elements of Style Fiftieth Anniversary Edition (2009), p. 15,
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For example, in a book that became popular in the 1950s,
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