1153:...As a substance which assists other things in performing their 'temporal' gyrations, Time can be conceived only in the form of whirling posts. That these whirling posts, as we have called the units of Time, cannot, in any manner, be conceived as parts of the substances that revolve around them, is obvious from the fact that they are necessary for the continuance of all other substances, including souls and atoms of matter which are simple ultimate units, and cannot be imagined as carrying a pin each to revolve upon. Time must, therefore, be considered as a separate substance which assists other substances and things in their movements of continuity.
52:
4483:
591:
3321:
24:
1886:
724:
814:. There are innumerable space points in the sentient substance and in the media of motion and rest, and infinite ones in space; in matter they are threefold (i.e. numerable, innumerable and infinite). Time has only one; therefore it is not a conglomerate. Hence the corresponding conglomerates or extensions are called—
957:(knowledge and perception). Though the soul experiences both birth and death, it is neither really destroyed nor created. Decay and origin refer respectively to the disappearing of one state and appearing of another state and these are merely the modes of the soul. Thus Jiva with its attributes and modes, roaming in
867:
consists of pure consciousness in the Jain thought, has innate "free will" that causes it to act but is believed to be intangible and formless. It is the soul that experiences existence and gains knowledge, not mind nor body both believed to a heap of matter. Jain philosophy further believes that the
1112:
The necessity of
Adharmastikaay as the accompanying cause of rest, that is, of cessation of motion will be clearly perceived by any one who will put to himself the question, how jīvas and bodies of matter support themselves when coming to rest from a state of motion. Obviously gravitation will not
975:
are further classified in Jain philosophy by an assigned number of senses which range from one to five sensory organs. Inert world such as air, fire or clod of dirt, considered non-sensate in contemporary science, are asserted in historic texts of
Jainism to be living and with sensory powers.
702:
Jain philosophers distinguish a substance from a body, or thing, by declaring the former as a simple element or reality while the latter as a compound of one or more substances or atoms. They claim that there can be a partial or total destruction of a body or thing, but no
1104:, rest and stability is not possible in the universe. The principle of rest helps matter and the sentient that are liable to stay without moving, like the shade helps travellers. It does not stabilize those that move. According to
1070:
is that of permanence and indestructibility. It combines and changes its modes but its basic qualities remain the same. It cannot be created nor destroyed and the total amount of matter in the universe remains the same.
863:. It is a core concept and the fundamental focus of the Jain theology. The soul is believed to be eternal, and a substance that undergoes constant modifications, in every life, after every rebirth of a living being.
903:
that are free from birth and death. All souls are intrinsically pure but are found in bondage with karma since beginning-less time. A soul has to make efforts to eradicate the karmas attain its true and pure form.
876:(realm of existence), according to Jainism. The soul has the potential to reach omniscience and eternal bliss, and end the cycles of rebirth and associated suffering, which is the goal of Jain spirituality.
750:
building blocks that constitute and explain all existence, whether perceived or not. According to both Śvētāmbara and
Digambara traditions of Jainism, there are six eternal substances in existence: Soul
1092:
motion is not possible. The medium of motion helps matter and the sentient that are prone to motion to move, like water (helps) fish. However, it does not set in motion those that do not move.
1128:
Space is a substance that accommodates the living souls, the matter, the principle of motion, the principle of rest and time. It is all-pervading, infinite and made of infinite space-points.
1088:
means the principles of Motion that pervade the entire universe. Dharmastikaay and
Adharmastikaay are by themselves not motion or rest but mediate motion and rest in other bodies. Without
889:
or souls that are uncreated and always existing. There are two main categories of souls: un-liberated mundane embodied souls that are still subject to transmigration and rebirths in this
1012:. Life processes such as breath means of knowledge such as language, all emotional and biological experiences such as pleasure and pain are all believed in Jainism to be made of
1218:(individuality): capacity by which one attribute or substance does not become another and the substance does not lose the attributes whose grouping forms the substance itself.
783:). Further, both soul and matter are considered as active ontological substances, while the rest are inactive. Another categorization found in Jain philosophy is
868:
soul is the mechanism of rebirth and karma accumulation. It is the same size in all living beings, such as a human being, a tiny insect and a large elephant.
1046:
or ultimate particle (atoms or sub-atomic particles) is the basic building block of all matter. It possesses at all times four qualities, namely, a color (
1024:
as a metaphysical substance in Jain philosophy may be understood as "that which carries" instead of the literal sense of ordinary physical motion. Thus,
998:
to function. The Jain philosophy completely separates body (matter) from the soul (consciousness). Souls reside in bodies and journey endlessly through
2026:
928:(doer), is co-extensive with its own body. It is the enjoyer (of its actions), located in the world of rebirth (samsara) (or) emancipated
2917:
2070:
3012:
3310:
4462:
3277:
2040:
1979:
1939:
1835:
1812:
1145:
is a real entity according to
Jainism and is said to be the cause of continuity and succession. Champat Rai Jain in his book
1042:
Matter is classified as solid, liquid, gaseous, energy, fine Karmic materials and extra-fine matter i.e. ultimate particles.
4511:
4467:
810:, that is, extensions or conglomerates. Since like conglomerates, they have numerous space points, they are described as
961:(universe), may lose its particular form and assume a new one. Again this form may be lost and the original acquired.
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1997:
1957:
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76:
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402:
2063:
2118:
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are believed to be of two types: stationary and mobile. Illustration of the former are plants, while moving
4452:
4167:
3847:
3303:
3212:
2811:
924:
The sentient substance (soul) is characterized by the function of understanding, is incorporeal, performs
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3434:
2781:
2676:
2056:
2636:
1454:
4162:
3536:
2957:
2543:
2113:
1212:(knowability): capacity by which it is known by someone, or of being the subject-matter of knowledge.
437:
355:
327:
4101:
3724:
3429:
2597:
2580:
2177:
570:
3516:
2641:
1194:(existence): indestructibility; permanence; the capacity by which a substance cannot be destroyed.
1000:
156:
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2857:
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2527:
2219:
1113:
do, for that is concerned with the determination of the direction which a moving body may take...
1123:
1028:
includes all verbal and mental activity that contributes to karma and purification of the soul.
1020:
or reality to create, bind, destroy or unbind karma particles to the soul. According to Dundas,
677:
4079:
4037:
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3137:
3102:
2538:
2263:
477:
2554:
4457:
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1971:
614:
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as rest, is unique to
Jainism among Indian religions. However, like other Indian religions,
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2015:
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2079:
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1993:
1975:
1953:
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1808:
891:
640:
306:
250:
245:
186:
174:
106:
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3217:
2252:
1635:
The Living Cosmos of
Jainism: A Traditional Science Grounded in Environmental Ethics
851:
653:
201:
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4344:
4316:
4223:
4147:
4042:
4029:
3974:
3939:
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3412:
3157:
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2514:
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1970:, (in Prakrit and English) Pandit Nathuram Premi Research Series (vol-19), Mumbai:
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1269:
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1105:
1080:
925:
908:
896:
665:
607:
530:
515:
505:
409:
136:
121:
116:
111:
35:
2736:
775:). In both traditions, the substance of space is conceptualized as "world space" (
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4338:
4268:
4243:
3949:
3944:
3929:
3909:
3747:
3739:
3665:
3600:
3360:
3107:
2977:
2852:
2751:
2427:
2345:
2320:
2242:
2030:
1903:
1899:
1877:
1866:
1825:
1802:
1641:
1228:
There are some specific attributes that distinguish the dravyas from each other:
931:
880:
699:
means substances or entity, but it may also mean real or fundamental categories.
648:
595:
510:
379:
365:
88:
3197:
2268:
746:(literally, 'collection that exists'). They are believed to be eternal, and the
4360:
4258:
4233:
4047:
3964:
3934:
3868:
3802:
3770:
3757:
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3697:
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3558:
3417:
3402:
3332:
3182:
3132:
3122:
2771:
2666:
2548:
2491:
2461:
2330:
2103:
1375:
1277:
971:
include examples such as human beings, animals, gods, hell beings and insects.
916:
651:, the universe is made up of six eternal substances: sentient beings or souls (
444:
430:
416:
395:
260:
206:
146:
101:
3797:
3167:
2352:
2283:
1239:(immateriality) are common attributes of the class of substances soul or jiva.
1137:
683:
423:
4500:
4401:
4253:
4238:
3904:
3670:
2631:
2604:
2467:
2454:
2441:
2395:
2340:
1890:
1798:
1754:
290:
255:
220:
61:
3787:
2209:
1846:
A Concise
Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English
388:
4321:
4311:
3919:
3830:
3825:
3812:
3762:
3729:
3692:
3395:
3385:
3177:
3077:
3062:
2796:
2626:
2434:
2367:
2247:
2227:
2108:
565:
295:
265:
126:
96:
3501:
2197:
1206:(changeability): capacity by which it is always changing in modifications.
1173:(practical) Time which is a measure of duration—hours, days and the like.
4350:
3924:
3792:
3623:
3608:
3590:
3570:
3553:
3407:
3340:
3257:
3147:
3127:
2897:
2721:
2681:
2671:
2473:
2288:
2172:
1821:
1449:
911:
872:
is everywhere, filling and infused in every minuscule part of the entire
708:
555:
451:
337:
285:
141:
3092:
1988:
Sikdar, J. C. (2001), "Concept of matter", in
Nagendra Kr. Singh (ed.),
1634:
1004:(that is, realms of existence through cycles of rebirths and redeaths).
4355:
4331:
3992:
3840:
3707:
3702:
3660:
3521:
3441:
3207:
3187:
3097:
3052:
3027:
2967:
2962:
2912:
2832:
2806:
2741:
2567:
2520:
2325:
2273:
2019:
487:
482:
332:
322:
317:
225:
196:
151:
3954:
3288:
2497:
51:
4296:
3959:
3914:
3883:
3835:
3820:
3575:
3545:
3368:
3345:
3232:
3067:
2892:
2867:
2786:
2746:
2731:
2686:
2484:
2278:
1282:
560:
550:
525:
360:
312:
191:
2232:
2048:
1759:(Third ed.). New Delhi: Today and Tomorrow's Printers. p.
4482:
4370:
4365:
3878:
3852:
3585:
3227:
3117:
3057:
3007:
3002:
2847:
2842:
2801:
2766:
2716:
2651:
2646:
2400:
2237:
747:
692:
590:
300:
3237:
1568:
3719:
3495:
3490:
3461:
3324:
3247:
3242:
3222:
3162:
3152:
3142:
3082:
3032:
3022:
2947:
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2927:
2872:
2706:
2586:
2310:
2187:
2162:
2098:
1889:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1037:
671:
659:
43:
2972:
1224:(spatiality): capacity of having some kind of location in space.
4375:
3873:
3613:
3480:
3252:
3202:
3192:
3087:
3072:
2982:
2942:
2882:
2877:
2862:
2827:
2776:
2696:
2362:
2192:
2133:
1187:
These substances have some common attributes or gunas such as:
900:
472:
1965:
4010:
3987:
3456:
3267:
3262:
3172:
3042:
2997:
2907:
2711:
2661:
2610:
2591:
2167:
2128:
1909:
1356:
1341:
Acarya
Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 1 of Introduction
985:
3320:
1785:
Acarya Nemicandra; J. L. Jaini (1927) p. 4 (of introduction)
1200:(functionality): capacity by which a substance has function.
23:
3272:
3037:
3017:
2123:
1259:(immateriality) are common to Motion, Rest, Time and Space.
885:
718:
1952:, New Delhi: Today & Tomorrows Printer and Publisher,
1617:
1615:
1613:
1558:
1556:
1554:
723:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
711:
school of Indian philosophy also deals with a concept of
1425:
1423:
1675:
1663:
1610:
1580:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1485:
1393:
1376:"Vaisheshika | Atomism, Realism, Dualism | Britannica"
1687:
1515:
1420:
2006:Soni, Jayandra (2000), "Basic Jaina Epistemology",
1830:(Second ed.), London and New York: Routledge,
1699:
1651:
1473:
979:
1607:Nayanar, Prof. A. Chakravarti (2005). verses 16–21
1875:
1574:
1165:Jaina philosophers call the substance of Time as
4498:
1861:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1362:
834:(space conglomerates). Together they are called
1968:Dravyasamgrha: Exposition of the Six Substances
1773:Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p.11–12
1503:Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p.12–13
647:) means substance or entity. According to the
3304:
2064:
1435:
1301:The ontological categories and definition of
615:
1735:Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p.11
1726:Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p.10
1598:Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010) p. 4
1317:also means "immorality, unethical behavior".
1313:also means "moral virtue" in Jainism, while
859:means "soul" in Jainism, and is also called
742:in Jainism are fundamental entities, called
27:Classification of the six eternal substances
3311:
3297:
2071:
2057:
806:, five except time have been described as
622:
608:
1966:Acarya Nemicandra; Nalini Balbir (2010),
1648:, MIT Press, Vol. 130, No. 4, pp. 207–224
936:(and) has the intrinsic movement upwards.
1349:
1347:
722:
719:Classification and importance in Jainism
22:
3318:
1947:
1797:
1781:
1779:
1491:
1249:(materiality) are attributes of matter.
1176:
845:
4499:
1987:
1948:Nayanar, Prof. A. Chakravarti (2005),
1843:
1820:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1681:
1669:
1621:
1562:
1479:
1414:
1062:, touch). One of the qualities of the
1058:), and a certain kind of palpability (
3292:
2078:
2052:
2025:
1950:Pañcāstikāyasāra of Ācārya Kundakunda
1898:
1705:
1657:
1586:
1533:
1429:
1344:
883:, this universe consists of infinite
687:). The latter five are united as the
657:), non-sentient substance or matter (
2005:
1929:
1871:, The Central Jaina Publishing House
1776:
1749:
1693:
1545:
1521:
727:Chart showing the classification of
1738:
1031:
13:
1008:consists of everything other than
818:(soul extension or conglomerate),
14:
4528:
1992:, New Delhi: Anmol Publications,
1462:from the original on 1 April 2016
1095:
4481:
3319:
1884:
1633:Christopher Key Chapple (2001),
1117:
1074:
980:Ajiva (five non-living entities)
589:
50:
1804:Encyclopedia of World Religions
1767:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1627:
1601:
1592:
1506:
1497:
1353:Grimes, John (1996). Pp.118–119
4417:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
2411:Progressive utilization theory
1905:The Jaina Path of Purification
1368:
1335:
1295:
1131:
1016:(matter). These interact with
949:The qualities of the soul are
1:
1324:
994:is believed to rely on other
691:(the non-living). As per the
1329:
1169:Time to distinguish it from
7:
4512:Jain philosophical concepts
3502:
2035:, vol. 38, Scarecrow,
1717:Grimes, John (1996). p. 249
1512:J. C. Sikdar (2001) p. 1107
1263:
707:can ever be destroyed. The
431:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
207:Aparigraha (non-possession)
10:
4533:
1876:Jain, Champat Rai (1929),
1791:
1180:
1135:
1121:
1078:
1035:
983:
849:
669:), the principle of rest (
417:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
396:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
4478:
4430:
4394:
4277:
4216:
4180:
4110:
4028:
4021:
3973:
3897:
3861:
3811:
3738:
3653:
3599:
3544:
3535:
3359:
3331:
2820:
2619:
2419:
2388:
2303:
2218:
2149:
2142:
2086:
1930:Long, Jeffery D. (2013),
779:) and "non-world space" (
644:
2598:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
2008:Philosophy East and West
1932:Jainism: An Introduction
1848:, New York: SUNY Press,
1288:
1255:(non-consciousness) and
1245:(non-consciousness) and
830:(rest conglomerate) and
663:), principle of motion (
571:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
424:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
214:Anuvratas (further vows)
4381:Jain terms and concepts
4001:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
2528:Samkhyapravachana Sutra
1990:Encyclopedia of Jainism
1455:Encyclopædia Britannica
826:(motion conglomerate),
822:(matter conglomerate),
791:, the latter being all
180:Mahavratas (major vows)
2264:Early Buddhist schools
1640:16 August 2015 at the
1575:Champat Rai Jain 1929b
1163:
1115:
947:
914:describes the soul in
735:
478:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
389:Samayasāra (Digambara)
202:Brahmacarya (chastity)
28:
4517:Religious cosmologies
4412:List of Jain ascetics
4217:Dynasties and empires
4006:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
2032:The A to Z of Jainism
1972:Hindi Granth Karyalay
1844:Grimes, John (1996),
1363:Champat Rai Jain 1917
1151:
1110:
922:
726:
197:Asteya (non-stealing)
187:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
26:
4407:List of Jain temples
2702:Brihadratha Ikshvaku
2539:Sarvadarsanasangraha
2316:Acintya bheda abheda
1882:, The Indian Press,
1879:The Practical Dharma
1756:The Key Of Knowledge
1235:(consciousness) and
1177:Attributes of Dravya
1147:The Key of Knowledge
953:(consciousness) and
846:Jīva (living entity)
356:Schools and Branches
4488:Religion portal
4422:Topics List (index)
3713:Mahamastakabhisheka
2762:Dayananda Saraswati
2336:Nimbarka Sampradaya
2260:Buddhist philosophy
1914:Motilal Banarsidass
1900:Jaini, Padmanabh S.
1807:, Merriam-Webster,
1548:, pp. 122–125.
596:Religion portal
286:The 24 Tirthankaras
4386:Sexual differences
2373:Pashupata Shaivism
2203:Pashupata Shaivism
1868:The Practical Path
1536:, pp. 97–101.
1450:"Dravya – Jainism"
1380:www.britannica.com
736:
403:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
29:
18:Concept in Jainism
4494:
4493:
4176:
4175:
3955:Hampa Nagarajaiah
3848:Auspicious dreams
3776:Bhaktamara Stotra
3649:
3648:
3286:
3285:
3138:Pratītyasamutpāda
2299:
2298:
2080:Indian philosophy
2042:978-0-8108-6337-8
1981:978-81-88769-30-8
1941:978-0-85771-392-6
1837:978-0-415-26605-5
1814:978-0-87779-044-0
1751:Jain, Champat Rai
1696:, pp. 75–88.
1684:, pp. 96–98.
1672:, pp. 93–96.
1624:, pp. 95–96.
1589:, p. 97–106.
1577:, pp. 15–16.
1565:, pp. 94–95.
1524:, pp. 83–85.
1432:, pp. 81–89.
1417:, pp. 93–94.
632:
631:
251:Micchami Dukkadam
246:Bhaktamara Stotra
175:Ethics of Jainism
4524:
4486:
4485:
4448:Monks & nuns
4345:Statue of Ahimsa
4302:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
4026:
4025:
3940:Champat Rai Jain
3783:Tattvartha Sutra
3542:
3541:
3505:
3323:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3290:
3289:
2792:Satyakama Jabala
2727:Akshapada Gotama
2677:Gārgī Vāchaknavī
2657:Vāchaspati Misra
2515:Nyayakusumanjali
2449:Bhagavata Purana
2406:Radical Humanism
2378:Shaiva Siddhanta
2147:
2146:
2119:Vedic philosophy
2073:
2066:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2027:Wiley, Kristi L.
2022:
2002:
1984:
1962:
1944:
1926:
1895:
1888:
1887:
1872:
1863:Champat Rai Jain
1858:
1840:
1817:
1786:
1783:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1747:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1446:
1433:
1427:
1418:
1412:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1342:
1339:
1318:
1299:
1161:
1159:Champat Rai Jain
1106:Champat Rai Jain
1081:Dharma (Jainism)
1032:Pudgala (Matter)
945:
646:
624:
617:
610:
594:
593:
531:Shravanabelagola
438:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
410:Tattvartha Sutra
54:
31:
30:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4480:
4474:
4426:
4390:
4339:Panch Kalyanaka
4273:
4212:
4208:Non-creationism
4172:
4106:
4017:
3969:
3950:Jeffery D. Long
3945:Padmanabh Jaini
3930:Virchand Gandhi
3910:Colette Caillat
3893:
3857:
3807:
3734:
3645:
3595:
3531:
3418:Heavenly beings
3355:
3327:
3317:
3287:
3282:
3108:Parameshashakti
2816:
2752:Ramana Maharshi
2637:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
2615:
2581:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
2555:Tattvacintāmaṇi
2428:Abhinavabharati
2415:
2384:
2358:Sikh Philosophy
2346:Vishishtadvaita
2295:
2214:
2138:
2082:
2077:
2043:
2000:
1982:
1960:
1942:
1934:, I.B. Tauris,
1924:
1885:
1856:
1838:
1815:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1748:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1642:Wayback Machine
1632:
1628:
1620:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1463:
1448:
1447:
1436:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1305:as motion, and
1300:
1296:
1291:
1281:— 10th-century
1266:
1185:
1179:
1162:
1157:
1140:
1134:
1126:
1124:Ākāśa (Jainism)
1120:
1098:
1083:
1077:
1040:
1034:
988:
982:
946:
940:
901:liberated souls
881:Jain philosophy
854:
848:
802:Out of the six
721:
649:Jain philosophy
628:
588:
581:
580:
546:
545:
536:
535:
503:
502:
493:
492:
468:
467:
458:
457:
383:
382:
380:Jain literature
371:
370:
353:
352:
343:
342:
281:
280:
271:
270:
261:Ṇamōkāra mantra
241:
240:
231:
230:
172:
171:
162:
161:
92:
91:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4530:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4492:
4491:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4341:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4163:Southeast Asia
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:Organisations
3995:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3965:Jinendra Varni
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3935:Hermann Jacobi
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3869:Digambara monk
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3803:Uttaradhyayana
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3771:Namokar Mantra
3765:
3760:
3758:Shatkhandagama
3755:
3753:Pravachanasara
3750:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3663:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3564:Kashtha Sangha
3561:
3559:Balatkara Gana
3550:
3548:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3454:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3403:Jain cosmology
3400:
3399:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3365:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3325:Jainism topics
3316:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3183:Shabda Brahman
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3133:Pratibimbavada
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2772:Vedanta Desika
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:Gautama Buddha
2664:
2662:Uddalaka Aruni
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2549:Tarka-Sangraha
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2492:Mimamsa Sutras
2488:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2462:Buddhist texts
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2023:
2014:(3): 367–377,
2003:
1998:
1985:
1980:
1963:
1958:
1945:
1940:
1927:
1922:
1896:
1873:
1859:
1854:
1841:
1836:
1818:
1813:
1801:, ed. (1999),
1799:Doniger, Wendy
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1775:
1766:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1626:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1494:, p. 551.
1484:
1472:
1434:
1419:
1392:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1278:Dravyasamgraha
1274:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1183:Guṇa (Jainism)
1181:Main article:
1178:
1175:
1155:
1136:Main article:
1133:
1130:
1122:Main article:
1119:
1116:
1102:adharmastikaay
1097:
1096:Adharmastikaay
1094:
1079:Main article:
1076:
1073:
1036:Main article:
1033:
1030:
984:Main article:
981:
978:
942:Dravyasaṃgraha
938:
917:Dravyasamgraha
897:karmic bondage
852:Jīva (Jainism)
850:Main article:
847:
844:
828:adharmastikaya
820:pudgalastikaya
771:) and "Time" (
720:
717:
630:
629:
627:
626:
619:
612:
604:
601:
600:
599:
598:
583:
582:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
547:
543:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
504:
500:
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
469:
465:
464:
463:
460:
459:
456:
455:
448:
445:Silappatikaram
441:
434:
427:
420:
413:
406:
399:
392:
384:
378:
377:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
363:
354:
350:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
303:
298:
293:
288:
282:
278:
277:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
242:
238:
237:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
223:
217:
216:
210:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
183:
182:
173:
169:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
93:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
74:
69:
64:
56:
55:
47:
46:
40:
39:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4529:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4489:
4484:
4477:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4402:List of Jains
4400:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4327:Jain calendar
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4169:
4168:United States
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4102:Uttar Pradesh
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Nalini Balbir
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Vegetarianism
3681:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Parinama-vada
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:Padmasambhāva
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:Maṇḍana Miśra
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Abhinavagupta
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2605:Yoga Vasistha
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:All 108 texts
2496:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2468:Dharmashastra
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2442:Bhagavad Gita
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:Integral yoga
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:Shuddhadvaita
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1999:81-261-0691-3
1995:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1959:81-7019-436-9
1955:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1923:81-208-1578-5
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:public domain
1881:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1855:0-7914-3068-5
1851:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1782:
1780:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1708:, p. 90.
1707:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1660:, p. 91.
1659:
1654:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1604:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1493:
1488:
1482:, p. 95.
1481:
1476:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1365:, p. 15.
1364:
1359:
1350:
1348:
1338:
1334:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:Agurulaghutva
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1129:
1125:
1118:Ākāśa (space)
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1090:Dharmastikaay
1087:
1086:Dharmastikaay
1082:
1075:Dharmastikaay
1072:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
993:
987:
977:
974:
970:
966:
962:
960:
956:
952:
943:
937:
935:
933:
927:
921:
919:
918:
913:
910:
907:10th-century
905:
902:
898:
894:
893:
888:
887:
882:
879:According to
877:
875:
871:
866:
862:
858:
853:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:dharmastikaya
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
745:
741:
734:
730:
725:
716:
714:
710:
706:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:
680:
679:
674:
673:
668:
667:
662:
661:
656:
655:
650:
642:
638:
637:
625:
620:
618:
613:
611:
606:
605:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
586:
585:
584:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
540:
539:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
497:
496:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
462:
461:
454:
453:
449:
447:
446:
442:
440:
439:
435:
433:
432:
428:
426:
425:
421:
419:
418:
414:
412:
411:
407:
405:
404:
400:
398:
397:
393:
391:
390:
386:
385:
381:
375:
374:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
347:
346:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
328:Samantabhadra
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
308:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
279:Major figures
275:
274:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
256:Navkar Mantra
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
235:
234:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
192:Satya (truth)
190:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
177:
176:
166:
165:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
90:
84:
83:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
59:
58:
57:
53:
49:
48:
45:
42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
25:
21:
16:
4343:
4322:Samavasarana
4312:Śalākāpuruṣa
3920:John E. Cort
3831:Ashtamangala
3826:Siddhachakra
3763:Kasayapahuda
3730:Pratikramana
3638:Sthānakavāsī
3446:
3396:Anekāntavāda
3392:Jaina logic
3386:Kevala Jñāna
3381:Epistemology
3213:Iccha-mrityu
3178:Satkaryavada
3078:Nididhyasana
3063:Matsya Nyaya
2992:
2797:Madhvacharya
2627:Adi Shankara
2620:Philosophers
2603:
2596:
2579:
2560:
2553:
2544:Shiva Sutras
2534:Sangam texts
2526:
2519:
2510:Nyāya Sūtras
2490:
2483:
2466:
2456:Brahma Sutra
2455:
2447:
2440:
2435:Arthashastra
2433:
2426:
2368:Pratyabhijna
2248:Anekantavada
2031:
2011:
2007:
1989:
1967:
1949:
1931:
1904:
1883:
1878:
1867:
1845:
1826:
1822:Dundas, Paul
1803:
1769:
1755:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1645:
1629:
1603:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1492:Doniger 1999
1487:
1475:
1464:, retrieved
1453:
1383:. Retrieved
1379:
1370:
1358:
1337:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1276:
1270:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1186:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1127:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:), a smell (
1051:
1050:), a taste (
1047:
1043:
1041:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
995:
991:
989:
972:
968:
964:
963:
958:
954:
950:
948:
941:
929:
923:
915:
906:
890:
884:
878:
873:
869:
864:
860:
856:
855:
839:
838:or the five
836:pancastikaya
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
801:
796:
795:that is not
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:) and rest (
764:
760:
756:
752:
743:
739:
737:
732:
728:
712:
704:
701:
696:
688:
682:
681:) and time (
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
635:
634:
633:
566:Jain symbols
450:
443:
436:
429:
422:
415:
408:
401:
394:
387:
305:
266:Jai Jinendra
239:Jain prayers
213:
179:
131:
127:Kevala Jnana
97:Anekantavada
20:
15:
4264:Rashtrakuta
4181:Jainism and
4080:Maharashtra
4038:Bundelkhand
3925:Paul Dundas
3798:Kalpa Sūtra
3793:Aptamimamsa
3678:Monasticism
3609:Murtipujaka
3591:Kanji Panth
3571:Taran Panth
3554:Mula Sangha
3408:Siddhashila
3341:Tirthankara
3258:Vivartavada
3148:Rājamaṇḍala
3103:Paramananda
2903:Apauruṣheyā
2898:Anupalabdhi
2757:Vivekananda
2722:Dharmakirti
2682:Buddhaghosa
2672:Yājñavalkya
2479:Jain Agamas
2474:Hindu texts
2353:Navya-Nyāya
2289:Svatantrika
2284:Sautrāntika
2173:Vaisheshika
1682:Dundas 2002
1670:Dundas 2002
1622:Dundas 2002
1563:Dundas 2002
1480:Dundas 2002
1415:Dundas 2002
1253:Achetanatva
1243:Achetanatva
1222:Pradeshatva
1138:Kāla (time)
1132:Kāla (time)
912:Nemichandra
816:jivastikaya
781:alokiakasha
763:), motion (
755:), Matter (
748:ontological
709:Vaisheshika
695:etymology,
576:Topics list
501:Pilgrimages
452:Valayapathi
351:Major sects
338:Yashovijaya
142:Brahmacarya
4501:Categories
4443:Literature
4332:Samvatsari
4097:Tamil Nadu
4022:Jainism in
3841:Nandavarta
3788:Samayasāra
3740:Literature
3708:Kshamavani
3703:Paryushana
3666:Meditation
3661:Sallekhana
3601:Śvetāmbara
3522:Ratnatraya
3442:Gunasthana
3361:Philosophy
3208:Svātantrya
3098:Paramatman
3053:Kshetrajna
3028:Ishvaratva
2968:Cittabhumi
2963:Chidabhasa
2913:Asiddhatva
2833:Abhasavada
2807:Guru Nanak
2742:Vasubandhu
2568:Upanishads
2562:Tirukkuṟaḷ
2521:Panchadasi
2326:Bhedabheda
2274:Madhyamaka
2114:Monotheism
1706:Jaini 1998
1658:Wiley 2009
1587:Jaini 1998
1534:Jaini 1998
1430:Jaini 1998
1325:References
1233:Chetanatva
1210:Prameyatva
832:akastikaya
759:), Space (
675:), space (
488:Samvatsari
483:Paryushana
366:Śvetāmbara
333:Haribhadra
323:Siddhasena
318:Kundakunda
226:Sallekhana
152:Gunasthana
147:Aparigraha
89:Philosophy
4361:Sculpture
4297:Ekendriya
4158:Singapore
4143:Hong Kong
4123:Australia
4092:Rajasthan
4063:Karnataka
3975:Community
3960:Bal Patil
3915:Chandabai
3884:Pattavali
3836:Shrivatsa
3821:Jain flag
3698:Festivals
3654:Practices
3642:Terapanth
3629:Tristutik
3619:Kharatara
3581:Terapanth
3576:Bispanthi
3546:Digambara
3369:Five Vows
3346:Ganadhara
3068:Mithyatva
2958:Chaitanya
2953:Catuṣkoṭi
2918:Asatkalpa
2893:Anavastha
2868:Aishvarya
2787:Sakayanya
2782:Sadananda
2747:Gaudapada
2732:Nagarjuna
2687:Patañjali
2503:Principal
2485:Kamasutra
2279:Yogachara
2198:Raseśvara
1902:(1998) ,
1827:The Jains
1824:(2002) ,
1694:Soni 2000
1546:Long 2013
1522:Long 2013
1330:Citations
1283:Jain text
1257:amurtavta
1237:amurtavta
1204:Dravyatva
909:Jain monk
840:astikayas
808:astikayas
777:lokakasha
561:Jain flag
551:Ekendriya
526:Shikharji
466:Festivals
361:Digambara
313:Ganadhara
102:Cosmology
4453:Scholars
4431:Navboxes
4290:Timeline
4239:Ikshvaku
4224:Chalukya
4193:Hinduism
4188:Buddhism
4153:Pakistan
4111:Overseas
3898:Scholars
3879:Kshullak
3862:Ascetics
3853:Swastika
3671:Sāmāyika
3586:Yapaniya
3537:Branches
3233:Tanmatra
3228:Tajjalan
3218:Syādvāda
3118:Pradhana
3093:Padārtha
3058:Lakshana
3003:Ekagrata
2848:Adrishta
2843:Adarsana
2821:Concepts
2802:Mahavira
2767:Ramanuja
2717:Chanakya
2652:Avatsara
2647:Valluvar
2587:Vedangas
2401:Gandhism
2304:Medieval
2253:Syādvāda
2238:Charvaka
2210:Pāṇiniya
2104:Idealism
2029:(2009),
1865:(1917),
1753:(1975).
1646:Daedalus
1638:Archived
1460:archived
1264:See also
1247:murtatva
1198:Vastutva
1171:vyavhāra
1156:—
1100:Without
1064:paramāṇu
1044:Paramāṇu
939:—
899:and the
861:jivatman
812:astikaya
744:astikaya
733:astikaya
693:Sanskrit
641:Sanskrit
516:Palitana
301:Mahavira
291:Rishabha
221:Sāmāyika
72:Timeline
36:a series
34:Part of
4507:Atomism
4463:America
4458:Temples
4307:Pratima
4285:History
4278:Related
4269:Santara
4249:Kalinga
4244:Kadamba
4234:Hoysala
4203:Sikhism
4128:Belgium
4058:Haryana
4053:Gujarat
3983:Śrāvaka
3889:Acharya
3813:Symbols
3767:Mantra
3720:Upadhan
3693:Rituals
3688:Fasting
3527:Kashaya
3517:Saṃsāra
3496:Nirjara
3491:Samvara
3462:Pudgala
3351:Arihant
3278:More...
3248:Upekkhā
3243:Uparati
3223:Taijasa
3198:Śūnyatā
3168:Saṃsāra
3163:Samadhi
3128:Prakṛti
3083:Nirvāṇa
3033:Jivatva
3023:Ikshana
2978:Devatas
2948:Bhumika
2938:Brahman
2928:Avyakta
2873:Akrodha
2853:Advaita
2812:More...
2707:Jaimini
2611:More...
2321:Advaita
2311:Vedanta
2269:Śūnyatā
2228:Ājīvika
2220:Nāstika
2188:Vedanta
2183:Mīmāṃsā
2163:Samkhya
2143:Ancient
2099:Atomism
2094:Atheism
2020:1400179
1792:Sources
1385:2 April
1315:adharma
1307:adharma
1192:Astitva
1149:wrote:
1068:pudgala
1060:sparsha
1038:Pudgala
1014:pudgala
1001:saṃsāra
959:samsara
951:chetana
926:actions
895:due to
892:samsara
804:dravyas
769:Adharma
757:pudgala
672:adharma
660:pudgala
556:Temples
307:Arihant
157:Saṃsāra
67:History
44:Jainism
4468:Bengal
4376:Nigoda
4351:Temple
4317:Tirtha
4259:Pandya
4254:Maurya
4138:Europe
4133:Canada
4118:Africa
4085:Mumbai
4075:Kerala
3874:Aryika
3614:Gaccha
3486:Bandha
3481:Asrava
3476:Tattva
3467:Dharma
3447:Dravya
3435:Causes
3413:Naraka
3374:Ahimsa
3253:Utsaha
3203:Sutram
3193:Sthiti
3188:Sphoṭa
3158:Sakshi
3143:Puruṣa
3123:Prajna
3088:Niyama
3048:Kasaya
2993:Dravya
2983:Dharma
2943:Bhuman
2933:Bhrama
2888:Ananta
2883:Anatta
2878:Aksara
2863:Ahimsa
2838:Abheda
2828:Abhava
2777:Raikva
2697:Kapila
2692:Kanada
2389:Modern
2363:Shaiva
2331:Dvaita
2233:Ajñana
2193:Shaiva
2151:Āstika
2134:Moksha
2087:Topics
2039:
2018:
1996:
1978:
1956:
1938:
1920:
1852:
1834:
1811:
1466:12 May
1311:dharma
1303:dharma
1271:Tattva
1167:Niścay
1056:gandha
1026:dharma
1022:Dharma
1018:tattva
996:dravya
955:upyoga
793:dravya
765:Dharma
761:akasha
740:dravya
729:dravya
713:dravya
705:dravya
697:dravya
666:dharma
645:द्रव्य
636:Dravya
521:Girnar
473:Diwali
296:Pārśva
170:Ethics
137:Tattva
132:Dravya
117:Dharma
107:Ahimsa
4395:Lists
4356:Stupa
4229:Ganga
4198:Islam
4148:Japan
4068:North
4043:Delhi
4030:India
4011:JAINA
3993:Tamil
3988:Sarak
3748:Agama
3725:Tapas
3512:Death
3503:Mokṣa
3457:Ajiva
3430:Types
3425:Karma
3268:Yamas
3263:Viraj
3238:Tyāga
3173:Satya
3073:Mokṣa
3043:Karma
2998:Dhrti
2923:Ātman
2908:Artha
2712:Vyasa
2592:Vedas
2573:Minor
2420:Texts
2168:Nyaya
2159:Hindu
2129:Artha
2109:Logic
2016:JSTOR
1910:Delhi
1763:–530.
1289:Notes
1048:varna
1006:Ajiva
986:Ajiva
973:Jivas
969:jivas
965:Jivas
932:moksa
886:jivas
789:ajiva
689:ajiva
678:ākāśa
544:Other
506:Tirth
122:Mokṣa
112:Karma
77:Index
62:Jains
4438:Gods
3624:Tapa
3452:Jīva
3333:Gods
3273:Yoga
3038:Kama
3018:Idam
3013:Hitā
3008:Guṇa
2973:Dāna
2858:Aham
2262:and
2243:Jain
2178:Yoga
2124:Kama
2037:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1976:ISBN
1954:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1918:ISBN
1850:ISBN
1832:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1468:2016
1387:2024
1143:Kāla
1066:and
1052:rasa
1010:jiva
992:jiva
990:The
874:loka
870:Jiva
865:Jiva
857:Jiva
797:jiva
787:and
785:jiva
773:kala
753:jiva
738:The
731:and
684:kāla
654:jīva
4371:Law
4366:Art
4048:Goa
3153:Ṛta
2988:Dhi
1761:520
944:(2)
511:Abu
4503::
2161::
2012:50
2010:,
1974:,
1916:,
1912::
1908:,
1778:^
1740:^
1644:,
1612:^
1553:^
1458:,
1452:,
1437:^
1422:^
1395:^
1378:.
1346:^
842:.
799:.
715:.
643::
38:on
3312:e
3305:t
3298:v
2072:e
2065:t
2058:v
1893:.
1389:.
1108::
934:)
930:(
920::
751:(
639:(
623:e
616:t
609:v
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