Dreadlocks - Knowledge

1405: 1824: 1095: 1396:, Black women wear certain hairstyles to protect and retain the moisture in their hair. Black women wear soft locs as a protective hairstyle because they enclose natural hair inside them, protecting their natural hair from environmental damage. This protective soft loc style is created by "wrapping hair around the natural hair or crocheting pre-made soft locs into cornrows." In the diaspora, Black men and women wear different styles of dreadlocks. Each style requires a different method of care. Freeform locs are formed organically by not combing the hair or manipulating the hair. There are also goddess locs, faux locs, sister locs, twisted locs, Rasta locs, crinkle locs, invisible locs, and other loc styles. 1945: 9485: 685: 1201: 1533: 782: 1464:

send an "Aboriginal message" to the world. He and other Buluwai people wear dreadlocks as a native part of their culture and not as an influence from the Rastafari religion. Although Brim was inspired by reggae music, he is not a Rastafarian as he and his people have their own spirituality. Foreigners visiting Australia think the Buluwai people wearing dreadlocks were influenced by the Rastafarian movement, but the Buluwai say their ancestors wore dreadlocks before the movement began. Some Indigenous Australians wear an

676:(dreadlocks), aimed to Africanize Islam. Dreadlocks to this group of Islamic followers symbolize their religious orientation. Jamaican Rastas also reside in Senegal and have settled in areas near Baye Fall communities. Baye Fall and Jamaican Rastas have similar cultural beliefs regarding dreadlocks. Both groups wear knitted caps to cover their locs and wear locs for religious and spiritual purposes. Male members of the Baye Fall religion wear locs to detach from mainstream Western ideals. 481: 585: 1001: 1148: 379: 778:'s music and cultural influence, dreadlocks (often called "dreads") became a notable fashion statement worldwide, and have been worn by prominent authors, actors, athletes, and rappers. Rastafari influenced its members worldwide to embrace dreadlocks. Black Rastas loc their hair to embrace their African heritage and accept African features as beautiful, such as dark skin tones, Afro-textured hair, and African facial features. 288: 338: 304: 639: 1856:

change their hairstyle for job interviews, and twenty-five percent of Black women said they were denied a job because of their hairstyle. The CROWN Act was passed to challenge the idea that Black people must emulate other hairstyles to be accepted in public and educational spaces. As of 2023, 24 states have passed the CROWN Act. July 3 is recognized as National CROWN Day, also called Black Hair Independence Day.

1525: 1304: 8083: 276: 1634: 1388:. Dreadlocks unite Black people in the diaspora because wearing locs has the same meaning in areas of the world where there are Black people: opposing Eurocentric standards of beauty and sharing a Black and African diaspora identity. For many Black women in the diaspora, locs are a fashion statement to express individuality and the beauty and versatility of Black hair. Locs are also a 31: 269: 1671:) and Ethiopia were liberated and Selassie was returned from exile. Scholars also state another indirect Ethiopian influence for Rastas locking their hair are the Bahatowie priests in Ethiopia and their tradition of wearing dreadlocks for religious reasons since the 5th century AD. Another African influence for Rastas wearing locs was seeing photos of 1598:. Cutting off the hair is believed to bring misfortune onto the woman, because having dreadlocks is considered to be a gift from the goddess Yellamma (also known as Renuka). Some of the women have long and heavy dreadlocks that put a lot of weight on their necks, causing pain and limited mobility. Some in local government and police in the 976:

commodity, and a "fashion gadget." In response to the backlash from the Black community about concerns of cultural appropriation from fashion creators putting fake dreadlocks on fashion models, in 2016 the modeling agency Assembly New York hired Black men with natural dreadlocks to model the hairstyle in a fashion show at

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of hair extensions/re-attachment of broken-off dreadlocks. Effectively the dreadlock can become an extension and therefore impossible to adjudicate accurately. It is for this reason Guinness World Records has decided to rest the category and will no longer be monitoring the category for longest dreadlock.

1175:. Sangomas wear red and white beaded dreadlocks to connect to ancestral spirits. Two African men were interviewed, explaining why they chose to wear dreadlocks. "One – Mr. Ngqula – said he wore his dreadlocks to obey his ancestors' call, given through dreams, to become a 'sangoma' in accordance with his 2020:

Following a review of our guidelines for the longest dreadlock, we have taken expert advice and made the decision to rest this category. The reason for this is that it is difficult, and in many cases impossible, to measure the authenticity of the locks due to expert methods employed in the attachment

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The Perception Institute conducted a "Good Hair Study" using images of Black women wearing natural styles in locs, afros, twists, and other Black hairstyles. The Perception Institute is "a consortium of researchers, advocates and strategists" that uses psychological and emotional test studies to make

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Historians note that West and Central African people braid their hair to signify age, gender, rank, role in society, and ethnic affiliation. It is believed braided and locked hair provides spiritual protection, connects people to the spirit of the earth, bestows spiritual power, and enables people to

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Africa, Africans use red ochre as sunscreen and cover their dreadlocks and braids with ochre to hold their hair in styles and as a hair moisturizer by mixing it with fats. Red ochre has a spiritual meaning of fertility, and in Maasai culture, the color red symbolizes bravery and is used in ceremonies

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and locs under the condition that they are groomed, clean, and meet the length requirements. From slavery into the present day, the policing of Black women's hair continues to be controlled by some institutions and people. Even when Black women wear locs and they are clean and well-kept, some people

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public schools, dreadlocks are prohibited, especially for male students, because long braided hair is considered unmasculine according to Western standards of masculinity which define masculinity as "short, tidy hair." Black and Native American boys are stereotyped and receive negative treatment and

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or hairstyles". Scholars call discrimination based on hair "hairism". Despite the passage of the CROWN Act, hairism continues, with some Black people being fired from work or not hired because of their dreadlocks. According to the CROWN 2023 Workplace Research Study, sixty-six percent of Black women

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Some authors argue that the appropriation of dreadlocks was taken out of its original historical and cultural context of resisting oppression, having a Black identity, Black unity, a symbol of Black liberation and African beauty, and its spiritual meaning in other cultures to one of entertainment, a

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explained that they were braids of thick, dense hair braided together "divided into uniform globules." "During the archaic period (i.e., up to about 500 BC) the male youth or kouros (Greek) wore his hair long to the shoulders or even longer finely braided—an extremely artificial time-consuming style

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fighting against the British authorities in the 1950s. Dreadlocks to the Mau Mau freedom fighters were a symbol of anti-colonialism, and this symbolism of dreadlocks was an inspiration for Rastas to loc their hair in opposition to racism and promote an African identity. The branch of Rastafari that

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and North Central Australia, as well as the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia, have historically worn their hair in a locked style, sometimes also having long beards that are fully or partially locked. Traditionally, some wear the dreadlocks loose, while others wrap the dreadlocks around their

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and other cultural movements in Black America and the social and political changes occurring at the time. The Black is Beautiful movement and Rastafari culture in Europe influenced Afro-Britons to wear their hair in natural loc styles and afros as a way to fight against racism, Western standards of

1315:, people loc their hair to have a connection to the spirit world and receive messages from spirits. It is believed locs of hair are antennas making the wearer receptive to spiritual messages. Other reasons people loc their hair are for fashion and to maintain the health of natural hair, also called 1131:

societal standards. The child continues to be recognized as mysterious and special. It is believed that the hair of Dada children was braided in heaven before they were born and will bring good fortune and wealth to their parents. When the child is older, the hair is cut during a special ritual. In

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believe children born with dreadlocks have innate spiritual powers, and cutting their hair might cause serious illness. Only the child's mother can touch their hair. "Dada children are believed to be young gods, they are often offered at spiritual altars for chief priests to decide their fate. Some

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originated in the time of the slave trade: when transported Africans disembarked from the slave ships after spending months confined in unhygienic conditions, whites would report that their undressed and matted kinky hair was "dreadful". According to them, it is due to these circumstances that many

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locked her hair and was told she might not receive any casting calls because of her dreadlocks. Some Black women in modeling agencies are forced to straighten their hair. However, more Black women are resisting and choosing to wear Black hairstyles such as afros and dreadlocks in fashion shows and

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The hair in both is filleted into a series of fine dreadlocks, tucked behind the ears and falling on each shoulder and down the back. A narrow fillet passes around the forehead and disappears behind the ears. ... Two are in the British Museum (fig. 17) and another in Boston (fig. 18). These three

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players wore dreadlocks. A significant number of these players are defensive backs, who are less likely to be tackled than offensive players. According to the NFL's rulebook, a player's hair is considered part of their "uniform", meaning the locks are fair game when attempting to bring them down.

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Dreadlocks have become a popular hairstyle among professional athletes. However, some athletes are discriminated against and were forced to cut their dreadlocks. For example, in December 2018, a Black high school wrestler in New Jersey was forced to cut his dreadlocks 90 seconds before his match,

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after the area alongside the Barron River where he grew up. He combined his people's cultural traditions with the reggae guitar he had played since he was young, and his band's music reflects Buluwai culture and history. Now a leader of the Buluwai people and a cultural steward, Brim and his band

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Natural Black hairstyles worn by Black women are seen as not feminine and unprofessional in some American businesses. Wearing locs in the diaspora signifies a person's racial identity and defiance of European standards of beauty, such as straight blond hair. Locs encourage Black people to embrace

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mat their hair into locs and wear long blue, red, white, or purple garments with caps and carry iron rods used as a staff. Prophets lock their hair in accordance with the Nazarene vow in the Christian bible. This is not to be confused with the Rastafari religion that was started in the 1930s. The

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to hold their locs. Ghanaian women wear locs as a symbol of African beauty. The beauty industry in Ghana believe locs are a traditional African hair practice and market hair care products to promote natural African hairstyles such as afros and locs. The previous generations of Black artists have

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in 1959 during the period known as the "groundation", where many protests took place calling for the repatriation of African descendants and slaves to Kingston. A Boboshanti branch spread to Ghana because of repatriated Jamaicans and other Black Rastas moving to Ghana. Prior to Rastas living in

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could have been carved by the same hand. Distinctive points of comparison include the dreadlocks; high, prominent chest without division; sloping shoulders; manner of showing the arms by the side...the torso of a kouros, again in Boston (fig. 19), should probably also be assigned to this group.

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of great spiritual power because of their dreadlocks. Children born with dreadlocks are viewed as special. However, adults with dreadlocks are viewed negatively. Yoruba Dada children's dreadlocks are shaved at a river, and their hair is grown back "tamed" and have a hairstyle that conforms to

1179:. Another – Mr. Kamlana – said he was instructed to wear his dreadlocks by his ancestors and did so to overcome 'intwasa', a condition understood in African culture as an injunction from the ancestors to become a traditional healer, from which he had suffered since childhood." In 2563:... Archaeologist Christos Doumas, discoverer of Akrotiri, wrote: "Even though the character of the wall-paintings from Thera is Minoan, ... the boxing children with dreadlocks, and ochre-coloured naked fishermen proudly displaying their abundant hauls of blue and yellow fish. 1699:, colonialism, and any system of economic and social oppression of Black people. Locs are also worn to defy European standards of beauty and help to develop a sense of Black pride and acceptance of African features as beautiful. In another branch of Rastafari called 1122:

children end up becoming spiritual healers and serve at the shrine for the rest of their lives." If their hair is cut, it must be cut by a chief priest and placed in a pot of water with herbs, and the mixture is used to heal the child if they get sick. Among the

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and were inspired by Black culture. As a result, some White people joined the Rastafarian movement. Dreadlocks were not a common hairstyle in the United States, but by the 1970s, some White Americans were inspired by reggae music, the Rastafarian movement, and

1757:. Rastas and Ghanaians have similar beliefs about the spiritual significance of dreadlocks, such as not touching a person's or child's locs, maintaining clean locs, locs spiritual connections to spirits, and locs bestowing spiritual powers to the wearer. 929:

often uses the dreadlock hairstyle as a prop in movies for villains and pirates. According to author Steinhoff, this appropriates dreadlocks and removes them from their original meaning of Black heritage to one of dread and otherness. In the movie

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are identified by their dreadlocks. They are not allowed to cut their hair and must allow it to mat and lock naturally. Locs are symbols of higher power reserved for priests. Other spiritual people in Southern Africa who wear dreadlocks are

835:, and other artists wear dreadlocks, which further popularized the hairstyle in the 1990s, early 2000s, and present day. Dreadlocks are a part of hip-hop fashion and reflect Black cultural music of liberation and identity. Many rappers and 1929:, a Black girl was kicked out of school for wearing her hair in a natural dreadlock style . Hair and dreadlock discrimination is experienced by people of color all over the world who do not conform to Western standards of beauty. At 263:

There were priests with long robes of black cloth... The hair of these priests was very long and so matted that it could not be separated or disentangled, and most of them had their ears scarified, and their hair was clotted with

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In the 1970s in the United States and Britain, Americans and British people attended reggae concerts. This resulted in Americans and British people being exposed to Jamaican culture, including Rastafarians wearing locs.

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and their own racial struggles in Australia. Willie Brim, a Buluwai man born in the 1960s in Kuranda, identified with Tosh's and Marley's spiritually conscious music, and inspired particularly by Peter Tosh's album

740:. African-American dress and hairstyles such as braids (often decorated with beads), dreadlocks, and language were copied (appropriated) by hippies and developed into a new countercultural movement used by hippies. 3832: 1139:

gave birth to a Dada who is a deified king in Yoruba. However, dreadlocks are viewed in a negative light in Nigeria due to their stereotypical association with gangs and criminal activity; men with dreadlocks face

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beauty, and to develop unity among Black people of diverse backgrounds. From the twentieth century to the present day, dreadlocks have been symbols of Black liberation and are worn by revolutionaries, activists,

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region at the beginning of the 19th century. The Polish plait can vary between one large plait and multiple plaits that resemble dreadlocks. Polish plaits according to historical records were often infested with

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The boxing boys on a fresco from Thera (now the Greek island of Santorini), also 1500 B.C.E., are less martial with their jewelry and long braids, and it is hard to imagine that they are engaged in a hazardous

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demand the women cut their hair, because the religious practice of Yellamma forbids women from washing and cutting their dreadlocks, causing health issues. These locks of hair dedicated to Yellamma are called

56:, are a hairstyle made of rope-like strands of hair. This is done by not combing the hair and allowing it to mat naturally or by twisting it manually. Over time, the hair will form tight braids or ringlets. 1864:, partnered with Perception Institute to conduct the study. The tests were done to reduce hair- and racially-based discrimination in education, civil justice, and law enforcement places. The study used an 1421:

heads or bind them at the back of the head. In North Central Australia, the tradition is for the dreadlocks to be greased with fat and coated with red ochre, which assists in their formation. In 1931 in

7705:"U.S. Court Rules Dreadlock Ban During Hiring Process Is Legal A U.S. Court of Appeals has ruled that denying potential Black employees for wearing dreadlocks does not legally constitute discrimination" 201:, statuary and other artifacts. Mummified remains of Egyptians with locked wigs have also been recovered from archaeological sites. According to Maria Delongoria, braided hair was worn by people in the 1590:, Savitha Uttam Thorat, some women hesitate to cut their long dreadlocks because it is believed it will cause misfortune or bring down divine wrath. Dreadlocks practiced by the women in this region of 1011:

The practice of wearing braids and dreadlocks in Africa dates back to 3,000 BC in the Sahara Desert. It has been commonly thought that other cultures influenced the dreadlock tradition in Africa. The

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In the Rastafarian belief, people wear locs for a spiritual connection to the universe and the spirit of the earth. It is believed that by shaking their locs, they will bring down the destruction of

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matted hair (dreadlocks). Women healers in India are identified by their locs of hair and are respected in spiritual rituals because they are believed to be connected to goddesses. A woman who has a

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was the founder of the first African Pentecostal movement started in 1925 in Nigeria. Tunolase wore dreadlocks and members of his church wear dreadlocks in his honor and for spiritual protection.

8093: 1988:, some Africans disapprove of the hairstyle because of cultural taboos or pressure from Europeans in African schools and local African governments to conform to Eurocentric standards of beauty. 1667:. During the Italian invasion, Ethiopians vowed not to cut their hair using the Biblical example of Samson, who got his strength from his seven locks of hair, until emperor Ras Tafari Makonnen ( 4056: 1488:. For Buddhists of these particular sects and degrees of initiation, their locked hair is not only a symbol of their vows but an embodiment of the particular powers they are sworn to carry. 1579:. Shiva is often depicted with dreadlocks. According to Ralph Trueb, "Shiva's dreadlocks represent the potent power of his mind that enables him to catch and bind the unruly and wild river 1801:

accused Lin of appropriating African-American culture in a since-deleted social media post, after which Lin pointed out that Martin has multiple Chinese characters tattooed on his body.

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Locks (like braids and plaits) have been worn for various reasons in many cultures and ethnic groups around the world throughout history. Their use has also been raised in debates about

1258:, Mwila women create thick dreadlocks covered in herbs, crushed tree bark, dried cow dung, butter, and oil. The thick dreadlocks are dyed using oncula, an ochre of red crushed rock. In 911:, was the first Black woman to break the barrier on a world pageant stage when she wore locs, paving the way and influencing other Black women to wear locs in beauty pageants. In 2015, 1899:

negative labeling for wearing dreadlocks, cornrows, and long braids. Non-white students are prohibited from practicing their traditional hairstyles that are a part of their culture.

759:, and Rastas emerged in these areas. Thus Europeans in these metropolitan cities were introduced to Black cultures from the Caribbean and Rastafarian practices and were inspired by 2916: 1492:

1.4.15 states that the practitioner of particular ceremonies "should arrange his piled up hair" as part of the ceremonial protocol. Archeologists found a statue of a male deity,

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and other more esoteric forms of Buddhism, locks have occasionally been substituted for the more traditional shaved head. The most recognizable of these groups are known as the

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Dapschauskas; Sommer (December 2022). "The Emergence of Habitual Ochre Use in Africa and its Significance for The Development of Ritual Behavior During The Middle Stone Age".

4185: 1404: 936:, the pirate Jack Sparrow wears dreadlocks. Dreadlocks are used in Hollywood to mystify a character and make them appear threatening or living a life of danger. In the movie 6357:

His jata (dreadlocks) are elegantly styled, and the source of the Ganges issues from his topknot. In the background are the Himalayas where Shiva performs his austerities.

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is practiced in Burma. The initiates spend years in the forest with this practice, and when they return to the temples, they should not shave their heads to reintegrate.

8099: 7797:"'If Your Hair Is Relaxed, White People Are Relaxed. If Your Hair Is Nappy, They're Not Happy': Black Hair as a Site of 'Post-Racial' Social Control in English Schools" 1891:. The court case ended with the decision that it was not a discriminatory practice for the company to refuse to hire an African American because they wore dreadlocks. 4355:"Reviewed Works: Mammy Water: In Search of the Water Spirits in Nigeria by Sabine Jell-Bahlsen; Mami Wata: Der Geist der Weissen Frau by Tobias Wendl, Daniela Weise" 4256:"Reviewed Works: Mammy Water: In Search of the Water Spirits in Nigeria by Sabine Jell-Bahlsen; Mami Wata: Der Geist der Weissen Frau by Tobias Wendl, Daniela Weise" 4109: 1844: 7632: 6445: 6421: 2591:

Figure 2.1b Two Minoan boys with distinctive hairstyles, boxing. Fresco from West House, Thera (Santorini), ca. 1600–1500 BCE (now in the National Museum, Athens).

1914:, braids, twists, and other African and Black hairstyles. Black students are suspended from school, are stereotyped, and receive negative treatment from teachers. 1749:

previously had their own beliefs about locked hair. Dreadlocks in West Africa are believed to bestow children born with locked hair with spiritual power, and that

713:". One of the ways Rastafarians rejected Babylon was by wearing their hair naturally in locs to defy Western standards of beauty. The 1960s was the height of the 3930:"Is spiritual growth possible without confronting whiteness? In 'White Utopias,' cultural appropriation at festivals like Burning Man goes under the microscope" 3707: 3673: 7655: 7462: 7583: 1868:

on 4,000 participants of all racial backgrounds and showed most of the participants had negative views about natural Black hairstyles. The study also showed

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and started wearing dreadlocks. According to authors Bronner and Dell Clark, the clothing styles worn by hippies in the 1960s and 1970s were copied from

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is said to have long locked hair. Mami Wata's spiritual powers of fertility and healing come from her dreadlocks. West African spiritual priests called

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Queer Buccaneers: (de)constructing Boundaries in the Pirates of the Caribbean Film Series Volume 10 of Transnational and Transatlantic American Studies

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Bahatowie priests adopted dreadlocks as a hairstyle before the fifth century AD (400 or 500 AD). Locking hair was practiced by some ethnic groups in

6028:"Aboriginal man with dreadlocks standing next to the expedition's Morris Commercial truck, Warburton Range, western Australia, 1931 / Michael Terry" 1392:

to maintain the health of their hair by wearing kinky hair in natural locs or faux locs. To protect their natural hair from the elements during the

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rested its "longest dreadlocks" category after investigating its first and only female title holder, Asha Mandela, with this official statement:

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and watched more by the police and are believed to be "thugs" or involved in gangs and violent crimes than Black men who do not wear dreadlocks.

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professor who writes about the intersection of beauty and race, says for some reason, natural Black hair just frightens some White people."

7989: 5871: 1500:. In a sect of tantric Buddhism, some initiates wear dreadlocks. The sect of tantric Buddhism in which initiates wear dreadlocks is called 311:

statues wore dreadlocks, but historians and archaeologists who specialize in ancient Greek hairstyles suggest they were not dreadlocks but

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of Britain was crowned Miss Universe wearing her locs and became the first Black British woman to win the competition with natural locs.

763:, leading some of them to adopt Black hair culture, music, and religion. However, the strongest influence of Rastafari religion is among 7704: 3453: 1705:, dreadlocks are worn to display a black person's identity and social protest against racism. The Bobo Ashanti are one of the strictest 6633: 4837: 631:. It was believed that not washing and combing the hair would protect a person from diseases. This folk belief was sometimes common in 9566: 8064: 7349: 3955: 3778: 3476: 1607:, believed to be evidence of divine presence. However, in Southern India, people advocate for the end of the practice. The goddess 960:

ritual. Over the years, participation in this event grew into the thousands. The location of Burning Man moved from Baker Beach to

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Youth in Kenya who are fans of rap and hip hop music, and Kenyan rappers and musicians, wear locs to connect to the history of the

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Kuumba, M.; Ajanaku, Femi (1998). "Dreadlocks: The Hair Aesthetics of Cultural Resistance and Collective Identity Formation".

568:, Greece) portray individuals with long braided hair or long dreadlocks. Another source describes the hair of the boys in the 7235: 6512: 6485: 4301: 3905: 2147: 851:, Vyper Ranking, Byaxy, Liam Voice, and other artists. From reggae music to hip hop, rap, and Afrobeat, Black artists in the 7962: 4921: 3805: 8146: 6235: 5162: 4995: 4522: 1852: 1659:

of the Bible. Jamaicans locked their hair after seeing images of Ethiopians with locs fighting Italian soldiers during the

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wear dreadlocks incorporating reggae symbols and hip hop clothes mixed with traditional Ghanaian textiles, such as wearing

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winner with locs because there is pushback in the fashion industry towards Black women's natural hair. For example, model

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Although more Black women in Hollywood and the beauty and music industries are wearing locs, there has never been a Black

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and wear long robes and can usually be distinguished from other Rastafari members because of this. Other Rastas wear a

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In the 1980s, artists and community organizers gathered together to celebrate freedom of expression through art called

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who wore locs as symbols of anti-colonialism, and to Bob Marley, who was a Rasta. Hip hop and reggae fashion spread to

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other aspects of their culture that are tied to Black hair, such as wearing African ornaments like cowrie shells,

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Black and Native American culture in dress and hairstyles, such as Native American headdresses and dreadlocks.

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In what is now Poland, for about a thousand years, some people wore a matted hairstyle similar to that of some

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On 3 July 2019, California became the first US state to prohibit discrimination over natural hair. Governor

429: 8573: 8483: 6590: 5898:"Everything You Need to Know About Soft Locs: The latest protective style you're already seeing everywhere" 1422: 1075: 248: 7377: 6894:

Pan-Africanism: Political Philosophy and Socio-Economic Anthropology for African Liberation and Governance

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Cultural and Civilisational Links between India and Southeast Asia: Historical and Contemporary Dimensions

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and roll their hair with the mixture. They use natural moisturizers to maintain the health of their hair.

672:, popularized the style by adding a mystic touch to it. This sect of Islam in Senegal, where Muslims wear 259:) as wearing their hair untouched, allowing it to grow long and matted. Bernal Diaz del Castillo records: 9662: 8087: 1737: 1448:

people in the 1970s. Aboriginal Australians found parallels between the struggles of Black people in the

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Lords and empresses in and out of Babylon: the EABIC community and the dialectic of female subordination

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in South Africa, Black girls are discriminated against for wearing African hairstyles and are forced to

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to wear locs because they believe in the Rastafari's pro-Black teachings and rejection of colonialism.

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Daughters of Maharashtra: Portraits of Women who are Building Maharashtra: Interviews and Photographs

4576: 1865: 1291:, their heads would be shaved in an effort to erase their culture. Enslaved Africans spent months in 493: 202: 6714:"From Survival to Respect: The Narrative Performances and Ritual Authority of a Female Hindu Healer" 5275: 2111: 9693: 8518: 8139: 7056: 1797:, an Asian-American who garnered mild controversy over his choice of dreadlocks. Former NBA player 1782: 1235: 1088: 1067: 932: 760: 727: 210: 9621: 7002: 5463: 4781: 4327: 3529: 3426: 3308: 2771: 2467: 9789: 9409: 9108: 8979: 8798: 8653: 8648: 7537: 7512:"Two-thirds of Black women change their hair for job interviews, even as CROWN Act support grows" 1532: 895:. More Black actors in Hollywood are choosing to loc their hair to embrace their Black heritage. 684: 389: 7681: 7201: 6237:

Making Sense of Tantric Buddhism: History, Semiology, and Transgression in the Indian Traditions

5897: 4838:"Fufuo, Dreadlocks, Chickens and Kaya: Practical Manifestations of Traditional Ashanti Religion" 2939: 2797: 2221: 1851:. Likewise, later in 2019, Assembly Bill 07797 became law in New York state; it "prohibits race 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 8116: 7484: 4946:

Chitando (2004). "Black Female Identities in Harare: The Case of Young Women with Dreadlocks".

4057:"Students are claiming the White man harassed over his dreadlocks isn't telling the full story" 2359: 1840: 1774: 1413: 989: 969: 920: 6737: 6713: 6460: 4186:"White Dreadlocks: Black Aesthetics in the Work of Louise Lecavalier and La La La Human Steps" 3982: 3166: 3139: 2823: 2745: 2137: 540:

The earliest known possible depictions of dreadlocks date back as far as 1600–1500 BCE in the

325: 9688: 9577: 8974: 8683: 7928: 7774:"Texas lawmaker again tries to block discriminatory hairstyle bans in schools and workplaces" 5837: 5718:"Debunking Eurocentric ideals of beauty and stereotypes against African natural hair(styles)" 5114: 2516: 1706: 1425:, Western Australia, a photograph was taken of an Aboriginal Australian man with dreadlocks. 1352: 1332: 977: 744: 723: 714: 689: 569: 717:

in the US, and some White Americans joined Black people in the fight against inequality and

9376: 9086: 8999: 8924: 8818: 8568: 7584:"The CROWN Act: A jewel for combating racial discrimination in the workplace and classroom" 7463:"How hair discrimination impacts Black Americans in their personal lives and the workplace" 7354: 5663: 2036: 1907: 1696: 1417: 1389: 1348: 1324: 1276: 100:

refers to matted locks of hair. Several different languages have names for these locks. In

5595:"Dreadlocks: The Hair Aesthetics of Cultural Resistance and Collective Identity Formation" 5517: 3194:"Transnational Popular Culture and the Global Spread of the Jamaican Rastafarian Movement" 8: 9794: 9726: 9356: 9233: 9178: 9091: 8984: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8748: 8713: 8393: 8313: 8132: 8103: 6766: 5923: 1429: 748: 735: 669: 541: 206: 6517:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. pp. 4, 85. 436: 9708: 9484: 9402: 9284: 8994: 8882: 8743: 8279: 7747: 7557: 7405: 6741: 6733: 6566: 6539: 6290: 6282: 6176: 6168: 6069: 5784: 5745: 5737: 5637: 5437: 5399: 4951: 4469: 4374: 4275: 3400: 3294: 3205: 3019: 3011: 2917:"The roots of fashion and spirituality in Senegal's Islamic brotherhood, the Baye Fall" 2722: 2383: 2195: 2187: 2031: 1953: 1877: 1648: 1328: 1280: 1141: 912: 38: 34: 7378:"The CROWN act and dermatology: Taking a stand against race-based hair discrimination" 7142: 5948: 5733: 3897: 2604: 9657: 9647: 9310: 9264: 9098: 8828: 8728: 8703: 8378: 8343: 7751: 7561: 7409: 7397: 7241: 7122: 7035: 7008: 6954: 6898: 6848: 6821: 6745: 6692: 6665: 6571: 6518: 6491: 6346: 6322: 6294: 6241: 6214: 6180: 6127: 6073: 5816: 5749: 5696: 5573: 5546: 5469: 5358: 5254: 5168: 5141: 4955: 4900: 4787: 4742: 4689: 4639: 4555: 4528: 4501: 4428: 4333: 4307: 4193: 4138: 3961: 3901: 3811: 3626: 3610: 3589: 3562: 3535: 3508: 3432: 3341: 3237: 3172: 3145: 3051: 3023: 2895: 2777: 2751: 2714: 2653: 2648: 2631: 2580: 2552: 2520: 2473: 2413: 2314: 2287: 2143: 1770: 1692: 1672: 1336: 1295:

and their hair matted into dreadlocks that European slave traders called "dreadful."

961: 859: 710: 77: 6446:"What Sadhus and Sadhvis at Kumbh Told Me About Their Long and Important Dreadlocks" 6422:"What Sadhus and Sadhvis at Kumbh Told Me About Their Long and Important Dreadlocks" 5380:"Slave Hair and African American Culture in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries" 4762: 2199: 1552:(dreadlocks) is observed in modern-day Hinduism, most notably by sadhus who worship 1062:

wear dreadlocks to venerate Mami Wata in her honor as spiritual consecrations. Some

498: 9552: 9350: 9274: 9163: 9118: 9081: 8936: 8929: 8919: 8643: 8638: 8488: 8428: 8348: 7808: 7739: 7549: 7389: 7175: 6789:"From slavery to colonialism and school rules: a history of myths about black hair" 6729: 6725: 6561: 6551: 6274: 6160: 6061: 5776: 5729: 5391: 5102: 4461: 4366: 4267: 3893: 3618: 3290: 3118: 3003: 2706: 2643: 2179: 1997: 1828: 1812: 1513: 1477: 1360:, and radical artists in the diaspora. For example, Black American literary author 1312: 884: 852: 781: 756: 665: 165: 7743: 7315:"Jeremy Lin's dreadlocks have led to all kinds of comments — even Lil B's support" 7031:

Law and Religion in Africa: The quest for the common good in pluralistic societies

5020: 4190:

The Body, the Dance and the Text: Essays on Performance and the Margins of History

2334: 9652: 9300: 9279: 9076: 9043: 8877: 8867: 8838: 8833: 8793: 8778: 8753: 8723: 8698: 8633: 8623: 8373: 8362: 8358: 6374: 5976:"Top 20 invisible locs hairstyles to try: Trendy and classy protective hairstyle" 5276:"Sample text for Hair story : untangling the roots of Black hair in America" 4970: 4661:"In Nigeria, dreadlocks are entangled with beliefs about danger and spirituality" 4061: 3428:

Hip Hop around the World [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]

3123: 3106: 2697:

Jenkins, Ian (2001). "Archaic Kouroi in Naucratis: The Case for Cypriot Origin".

2390: 1888: 1580: 1569: 1381: 1259: 1132: 1106: 1036: 957: 903: 867: 502: 357: 226: 129: 24: 7261: 6065: 5838:""Don't Touch My Hair": Problematizing Representations of Black Women in Canada" 4868: 3708:"The fashion industry said my dreadlocks would stop me working. They were wrong" 1489: 9716: 9642: 9637: 9616: 9501: 9383: 9223: 9103: 9053: 8892: 8768: 8733: 8663: 8608: 8543: 8493: 8438: 8423: 8298: 8249: 7393: 7329:"California bans racial discrimination based on hair in schools and workplaces" 6095: 5999:

The Customs And Traditions Of The Aboriginal Natives Of North Western Australia

5106: 4996:"Discovering the Vibrant Hamar Tribe: A Glimpse into their Fascinating Culture" 4110:"How a white reggae band forced Switzerland to question cultural appropriation" 3731:"Miss Jamaica Is The First Contestant To Wear Dreadlocks to Miss World Pageant" 1808: 1804: 1778: 1766:

sparking a civil rights case that led to the passage of the CROWN Act in 2019.

1729: 1668: 1230:

are known for their long, thin, red dreadlocks, dyed with red root extracts or

1212: 965: 844: 632: 603: 321: 218: 157: 149: 109: 6634:"This Maharashtra Group is Cutting off Superstition – One Dreadlock at a Time" 6286: 6262: 6172: 6148: 4465: 1910:

in England are prohibited from wearing natural hairstyles such as dreadlocks,

1860:

participants aware of their racial biases. A Black-owned hair supply company,

1831:

are discriminated against and some are suspended from school for wearing locs.

1753:

children, that is, those born with dreadlocks, were given to their parents by

968:

and historians who studied Burning Man argue that White people at Burning Man

9758: 9516: 9464: 9305: 9259: 9254: 9026: 9021: 8823: 8773: 8618: 8563: 8533: 8523: 8239: 8186: 7553: 3622: 2718: 1861: 1798: 1652: 1385: 1361: 1320: 1284: 1223: 1167: 1163: 1118: 1016: 1012: 908: 907:

beauty pageants. For example, in 2007 Miss Universe Jamaica and Rastafarian,

785: 718: 557: 256: 244: 237: 190: 137: 121: 7610:"When CROWN acts stall in states, cities step in to ban hair discrimination" 6027: 5072:"Meet the Mwila people of Angola whose women cover their hair with cow dung" 4158: 3983:"The Dreadlocks Debate: How Hair Is Sparking the Conversation of the Moment" 2849: 1347:, and locked hairstyles. The Black is Beautiful cultural movement spread to 9741: 9585: 9538: 9341: 9269: 9153: 9123: 9113: 9048: 9031: 9011: 8964: 8783: 8603: 8528: 8513: 8458: 8308: 7401: 7179: 6979: 6575: 2657: 2066: 2061: 1977: 1968:

Four African countries approved the wearing of dreadlocks in their courts:

1926: 1922: 1873: 1836: 1701: 1365: 1275:

communicate with the gods and spirits. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the

1267: 1247: 1208: 1193:. The Rastafarian religion spread to Zimbabwe and influenced some women in 1176: 1098: 1028: 1024: 1004: 899: 892: 880: 876: 771: 611: 588: 316: 252: 69: 20: 7813: 7796: 6556: 4303:

Legacies of Departed African Women Writers: Matrix of Creativity and Power

3882:"Comedy of the Commons: Nomadic Spirituality and the Burning Man Festival" 1680:

was inspired to loc their hair after the Mau Mau freedom fighters was the

480: 9511: 9371: 9249: 9208: 9193: 9016: 8989: 8848: 8788: 8558: 8538: 8498: 8191: 7431: 7237:

Sister Style: The Politics of Appearance for Black Women Political Elites

5215:"Misogynoir: Black Hair, Identity Politics, and Multiple Black Realities" 4222:"Misogynoir: Black Hair, Identity Politics, and Multiple Black Realities" 2435:"Misogynoir: Black Hair, Identity Politics, and Multiple Black Realities" 2183: 1869: 1848: 1746: 1608: 1599: 1561: 1455: 1263: 1204: 1123: 1051: 1020: 953: 949: 875:

inspired younger contemporary Black actresses to loc their hair, such as

848: 824: 804: 706: 584: 222: 214: 73: 8013:"Their son was banned from school for 3 years because of his dreadlocks" 5741: 5717: 5641: 5625: 5491:"Braided Archives: Black hair as a site of diasporic transindividuation" 5045: 3404: 3388: 3209: 3193: 2191: 2167: 9672: 9667: 9611: 9315: 9218: 9168: 8887: 8763: 8693: 8628: 8598: 8588: 8583: 8433: 8388: 8293: 8254: 8244: 8217: 6054:""Reggae Became the Main Transporter of Our Struggle ... and Our Love"" 5788: 5764: 5441: 5425: 5403: 5379: 4473: 4449: 4378: 4354: 4279: 4255: 4035:"New York Men's Fashion Week Show Casts Only Black Men With Dreadlocks" 3015: 2991: 2046: 1962: 1794: 1664: 1441: 1437: 1316: 1292: 1136: 1084: 1071: 1032: 1000: 916: 828: 816: 775: 702: 198: 72:, a group of whom apparently coined it in 1959 as a reference to their 8036:"Driving While Dreadlocked: Why Police Are So Bad At Racial Profiling" 7990:"Four African countries where dreadlocks have been approved by courts" 7876:"Some South African Schools Still Have "Blatantly Racist" Dress Codes" 6053: 2726: 2513:

Combat Sports in the Ancient World: Competition, Violence, and Culture

2168:"Baay Fall Sufi Da'iras Voicing Identity Through Acoustic Communities" 9559: 9425: 9366: 9188: 9148: 9143: 9071: 8941: 8899: 8803: 8758: 8718: 8678: 8613: 8593: 8478: 8473: 8453: 8403: 8353: 8323: 8303: 8274: 8207: 8181: 5872:"Kinky, curly hair: a tool of resistance across the African diaspora" 5765:"'Oe! My Hare Gaan Huistoe': Hair-Styling as Black Cultural Practice" 5692:

The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color Among African Americans

4134:

Teaching with Tension: Race, Resistance, and Reality in the Classroom

1742: 1509: 1288: 1231: 1055: 888: 808: 752: 662:, are famous for growing dreadlocks and wearing multi-colored gowns. 599: 565: 296: 7538:"Controlling the Crown: Legal Efforts to Professionalize Black Hair" 6263:"The Dreadlocks Treatise: On Tantric Hairstyles in Tibetan Buddhism" 6149:"The Dreadlocks Treatise: On Tantric Hairstyles in Tibetan Buddhism" 5780: 5395: 5021:"Muila / Mumuila / Mwela / Plain Mumuila / Mountain Mumuila / Mwila" 4783:

The Symbolism and Communicative Contents of Dreadlocks in Yorubaland

4551:

The Symbolism and Communicative Contents of Dreadlocks in Yorubaland

4497:

The Symbolism and Communicative Contents of Dreadlocks in Yorubaland

4370: 4271: 3007: 2335:"Muila / Mumuila / Mwela / Plain Mumuila / Mountain Mumuila / Mwila" 1961:

do not consider locs to be feminine and professional because of the

1956:

lifted the ban on dreadlocks. In the army, Black women can now wear

1351:. In the 1960s and 1970s, Black people in Britain were aware of the 1147: 940:, pirates were dressed in dreadlocks to signify their cursed lives. 378: 9731: 9228: 9183: 9173: 8738: 8688: 8548: 8508: 8468: 8448: 8443: 8418: 8413: 8398: 8383: 8338: 8333: 8318: 8259: 8212: 7728:"No Dreadlocks Allowed: Race, Hairstyles, and Exclusion in Schools" 6278: 6164: 5812:

The SAGE Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America

5626:"Dreadlocks as a Symbol of Resistance: Performance and Reflexivity" 4974: 3957:

The SAGE Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America

2710: 2056: 1981: 1714: 1656: 1638: 1572: 1557: 1497: 1449: 1432:, where they introduced the Rastafari movement as expressed in the 1377: 1357: 1251: 1180: 1063: 1044: 871: 836: 553: 101: 7656:"New Evidence Shows There's Still Bias Against Black Natural Hair" 7169: 3309:"Dread History: The African Diaspora, Ethiopianism, and Rastafari" 3233:

Rastaman (Routledge Revivals): The Rastafarian Movement in England

3141:

Youth Cultures in America [2 volumes]: [2 volumes]

3107:"Rastafari in Germany: Jamaican Roots and Global–Local Influences" 2992:"The Baye Faal of Senegambia: Muslim Rastas in the Promised Land?" 287: 76:. Rastafari developed in Jamaica in the 1930s, decades before the 9213: 9203: 9006: 8808: 8673: 8658: 8503: 8368: 8328: 8234: 8227: 8222: 7485:"Strands of Inspiration: Exploring Black Identities through Hair" 5465:

The Science of Black Hair: A Comprehensive Guide to Textured Hair

3477:"How Afrobeats Artists Are Using Fashion to Tell Us Who They Are" 2891:

Getting Under Our Skin: The Cultural and Social History of Vermin

2051: 1934: 1918: 1445: 1242:

are also known for their red-colored dreadlocks. Himba women use

1239: 1189: 1114: 832: 820: 800: 796: 698: 651: 647: 638: 623: 303: 6011: 5495:

Graduate Thesis Published at York University in Toronto, Ontario

4611:"Dreadlocks: The myths, misconceptions, culture, and lifestyles" 4577:"The Ontology of Hair and Identity Crises in African Literature" 1948:

Black women in the United States Army can wear Black hairstyles.

1887:

against the company Catastrophe Management Solutions located in

1872:

were the most accepting of kinky hair texture on Black people. "

1524: 1428:

In the 1970s, hippies from Australia's southern region moved to

572:

as long tresses, not dreadlocks. Tresses of hair are defined by

189:, dreadlocks date back to ancient times in various cultures. In 9736: 9459: 9346: 9198: 8969: 8872: 8578: 8176: 8082: 6688:

Ethnic and Religious Diversity in Myanmar: Contested Identities

6318:

Ethnic and Religious Diversity in Myanmar: Contested Identities

5250:

Hair Story : Untangling the Roots of Black Hair in America

2690: 2041: 1985: 1973: 1903: 1725: 1710: 1621: 1481: 1433: 1393: 1303: 1255: 1243: 1194: 956:

in San Francisco, California. Burning Man started as a bonfire

840: 812: 596: 549: 308: 7902:"Army Lifts Ban on Dreadlocks, and Black Servicewomen Rejoice" 7000: 6840: 6813: 6684: 6314: 4084:"Twisted Locks of Hair: The Complicated History of Dreadlocks" 3504:

Welcome to the Jungle: New Positions in Black Cultural Studies

1087:

indigenous Yoruba beliefs about dreadlocks with Christianity.

576:

as braided hair, braided plaits, or long loose curls of hair.

275: 9532: 9506: 9361: 9038: 8862: 8708: 8668: 8124: 6870:"Why dreadlocks were an important symbol for Kenya's Mau Mau" 5688: 4401:"These Preachers Perform Mass Exorcisms—And Live-Stream Them" 3859:"On Cultural Appropriation And Transformation At Burning Man" 3833:"Documenting the Ephemeral: Burning Man | Archives Deep Dive" 1969: 1957: 1895: 1736:, whom the Bobos claim are their ancestors), were founded by 1733: 1676: 1633: 1591: 1576: 1553: 1537: 1493: 1485: 1344: 1227: 1159: 863: 655: 619: 561: 545: 312: 240: 30: 9394: 3558:

The Hiplife in Ghana: West African Indigenization of Hip-Hop

3425:

Fonseca, Anthony J.; Dawn Goldsmith, Melissa Ursula (2018).

1773:, the number of players with dreadlocks has increased since 291:

Young boxers with long dreadlocks depicted on a fresco from

9474: 9454: 9158: 8813: 8408: 8288: 8155: 4631: 3389:"Hip-Hop & the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form" 3047:

Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics, 59/60: Spring/Autumn 2011

2966:"On the Frontier of Islam: The Maverick Mystics of Senegal" 1911: 1587: 1373: 1340: 1127: 1040: 915:

Sanneta Myrie was the first contestant to wear locs to the

628: 7289:"For Dreadlocked N.F.L. Players, Hair Is a Point of Pride" 7118:

Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia

5924:"41 Protective Hairstyles You'll Want to Wear This Summer" 4112:. Swiss Broadcasting Corporation SRG SSR. SWI swissinfo.ch 3674:"Black Women and Identity: What's Hair Got to Do With It?" 3073:"Jah People: The Cultural Hybridity of White Rastafarians" 2498:. London, England: University of California Press. pp 149. 1781:

first wore the style during the 1990s. In 2012, about 180

268: 205:

since 3,000 BC. Dreadlocks were also worn by followers of

9439: 3454:"Hair goals: 8 male celebrities with gorgeous dreadlocks" 2139:

Hair Story: Untangling the Roots of Black Hair in America

194: 7828:

Magadla, Mahlogonolo; Sibiya, Noxolo (August 16, 2023).

7794: 6946: 4808:"Black Hairstyles Historical Significance and Etymology" 743:

In Europe in the 1970s, hundreds of Jamaicans and other

7633:"National CROWN Day celebrates Black hair independence" 7489:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

7436:

The Body Politic: Women's Bodies and Political Conflict

3198:

NWIG: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids

2492:

Berdán, Frances F. and Rieff Anawalt, Patricia (1997).

1019:

wear braided and locked hairstyles. Warriors among the

855:

wear locs to display their Black identity and culture.

7853:"Jamaica's high court rules school can ban dreadlocks" 7830:"Girl kicked out of school for her natural dreadlocks" 6345:. University of Michigan : Bloomsbury Academic. 2009. 3886:

Consumer Culture Theory (Research in Consumer Behavior

1793:, there has been controversy over Brooklyn Nets guard 80:

emerged in Kenya. Byrd and Tharps write that the name

4108:

Stephens, Thomas; Rigendinger, Balz (July 29, 2022).

3611:"Afro-chic: Beauty, Ethics, and "Locks without Dread" 3531:

East African Hip Hop: Youth Culture and Globalization

3424: 2632:"Hairstyles in the Arts of Greek and Roman Antiquity" 1368:

wears locs to reconnect with their African heritage.

679: 7929:"The Policing of Black Women's Hair in the Military" 7057:"Editorial: Human Hair: Intrigues and Complications" 6514:

The Kapalikas and Kalamukhas: Two Lost Saivite Sects

6487:

The Kapalikas and Kalamukhas: Two Lost Saivite Sects

6335: 6123:

Making Aboriginal Men and Music in Central Australia

5327:"African Hairstyles – The "Dreaded" Colonial Legacy" 3431:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 236, 282–283. 2310:

African Music, Power, and Being in Colonial Zimbabwe

1254:

wear red-colored locs made using red earth clay. In

307:

It is thought by some people that the ancient Greek

7963:"Tangled Roots: Decoding the History of Black Hair" 7350:"New York bans discrimination against natural hair" 7149:. Minority Rights Group International. 19 June 2015 5922:Ore, Michelle; McKenzie, Janae (13 February 2018). 4107: 3754:"Dreadlocked Miss Jamaica puts Rastas in new light" 964:. Most of the attendants at Burning Man are White. 403:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5876:USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences 5092: 2506: 2504: 4130: 3137: 2542: 2540: 2003: 1883:In September of 2016, a lawsuit was filed by the 1211:African Man With Salon-styled dreadlocks. In the 9756: 7702: 7682:"The Hatred of Black Hair Goes Beyond Ignorance" 7460: 6950:Beauty around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia 5542:Black British Culture and Society: A Text Reader 5423: 3534:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 32–33. 1902:The policing of Black hairstyles also occurs in 5572:. University of California Press. p. 105. 5461: 3608: 2705:(2). American Journal of Archaeology: 168–175. 2501: 2142:. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. p. 121. 1540:(ascetic monks) with their hair in traditional 68:is unclear. Some authors trace the term to the 7936:Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies 7382:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 7209:Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies 7064:Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies 5845:Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies 5324: 4584:IASR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4574: 3879: 3615:Green Consumption: The Global Rise of Eco-Chic 3609:Kauppinen, Anna-Rikka; Spronk, Rachel (2020). 2996:Journal of the International African Institute 2947:Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies 2537: 2229:Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies 1663:. The afro is the preferred hairstyle worn by 1619:is believed to derive her spiritual powers or 1183:, there is a tradition of locking hair called 747:immigrated to metropolitan centers of London, 9410: 8140: 7827: 7461:Alcindor, Yamiche; Wellford, Rachael (2021). 7027: 6847:. Temple University Press. pp. 133–134. 6820:. Temple University Press. pp. 133–134. 6398:"Hair and Shanti: What Hair Means to Indians" 5949:"What Are The Different Types of Dreadlocks?" 5809:Shujaa, Mwalimu J.; Shujaa, Kenya J. (2015). 5592: 5468:. SAJA Publishing Company. pp. 38, 248. 5167:. Teacher Created Materials. pp. 22–23. 4527:. Divine Artillery Publications. p. 46. 4524:Moses Orimolade Tunolase: More Than a Prophet 4299: 4159:"Dear White People: Locs Are Not "Just Hair"" 3386: 3280: 2629: 1843:into law, banning employers and schools from 1496:, with dreadlocks in Stung Treng province in 1279:saw Black Africans forcibly transported from 1066:Christian monks and Bahatowie priests of the 866:and fused with traditional Ghanaian culture. 701:related to the Rastafarian idea of rejecting 7535: 7375: 7114: 6461:"SADHUS, HINDU HOLY MEN | Facts and Details" 6014:The Native Tribes of North Central Australia 5808: 5689:Russell; Russell-Cole; Wilson; Hall (1993). 5518:"How does black hair reflect black history?" 5119:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 ( 4734: 4711:""Dada": Beyond The Myths To Smart Haircare" 4685:A Cultural History of Hair in the Modern Age 4681: 3953: 3387:Bennett, Dionne; Morgan, Marcyliena (2011). 2568: 2256:""Dada": Beyond The Myths To Smart Haircare" 1594:are believed to be possessed by the goddess 1126:, Dada children are said to be reincarnated 943: 7581: 7004:Chanting Down Babylon: The Rastafari Reader 7001:Samuel Murrell; Spencer; McFarlane (1998). 6844:Chanting Down Babylon: The Rastafari Reader 6841:McFarlane; Spencer; Samuel Murrell (1998). 6817:Chanting Down Babylon: The Rastafari Reader 6814:McFarlane; Spencer; Samuel Murrell (1998). 6685:Krueger; Grosshans; Schmidt-Leukel (2021). 6605: 6315:Schmidt-Leukel; Grosshans; Krueger (2021). 5921: 4763:"'People with locs are seen as miscreants'" 3363:"Exploring Culture: Dreadlocks and Hip Hop" 3191: 2989: 2875:"Zeitreisen - Vom Einimpfen und Auskampeln" 1070:lock their hair for religious purposes. In 618:) hairstyle was worn by some people in the 366:Learn how and when to remove these messages 9417: 9403: 8147: 8133: 8010: 7115:Lynch, Annette; Strauss, Mitchell (2014). 6240:. Columbia University Press. p. 158. 5769:Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity 5377: 5357:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 140. 5246: 5212: 4219: 3954:Shujaa, Kenya; Shujaa, Mwalimu J. (2015). 3144:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 358. 3070: 2750:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 140. 2432: 2412:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 140. 2135: 1459:, in 1978 he founded a reggae band called 9567:Royal Parchment Scroll of Black Supremacy 8033: 7812: 7233: 7167: 7121:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 248. 6953:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 93. 6897:. African Books Collective. p. 838. 6565: 6555: 6395: 6233: 6012:Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen (1899). 5164:Surprising Things We Do for Beauty 6-Pack 4575:Abiodun, Hannah; Fashola, Joseph (2021). 3927: 3803: 3527: 3451: 3164: 3122: 3050:. Harvard University Press. p. 133. 2647: 2510: 2313:. Indiana University Press. p. 260. 2306: 668:, founder of the Baye Fall school of the 528:Learn how and when to remove this message 463:Learn how and when to remove this message 232: 8100:The cultural ramifications of dreadlocks 7850: 7630: 7199: 6510: 6483: 6119: 5996: 5599:Mobilization: An International Quarterly 5515: 5354:Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History 4945: 4892: 4306:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 66. 4183: 3981:Wagoner, Mackenzie (21 September 2016). 3928:Rosenfeld, Jordana (23 September 2020). 3671: 3283:Mobilization: An International Quarterly 3229: 3104: 3043: 2937: 2887: 2747:Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History 2546: 2409:Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History 2283:Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History 2219: 2136:Byrd, Ayana D.; Tharps, Lori L. (2014). 1943: 1822: 1632: 1531: 1523: 1408:An Indigenous Australian with dreadlocks 1403: 1380:that are sometimes worn with locs. Some 1302: 1199: 1146: 1093: 999: 780: 683: 637: 583: 302: 286: 274: 267: 187:Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History 85:people wearing the style today drop the 29: 8096:from Haverford University student blogs 7873: 7771: 7429: 7262:"Matz: NFL players embracing long hair" 7240:. Oxford University Press. p. 18. 7054: 7007:. Temple University Press. p. 32. 6867: 6718:Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 6711: 6606:Chakraborty, Reshmi (23 October 2019). 6197:. vol 1. Oxford University Press. 1959. 6093: 6051: 5869: 5762: 5661: 5623: 5569:Black Handsworth: Race in 1980s Britain 5565: 5350: 5133: 4968: 4922:"Putting the 'dread' into 'dreadlocks'" 4779: 4658: 4635:Race in Young Adult Speculative Fiction 4547: 4493: 4447: 4398: 3980: 3856: 3830: 3705: 3554: 2914: 2743: 2696: 2574: 2405: 2279: 1885:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 1847:such as dreadlocks, braids, afros, and 1815:heritage, sports prominent dreadlocks. 1695:. Babylon in the Rastafarian belief is 1528:The Hindu deity Shiva wears dreadlocks. 1083:Aladura church was founded in 1925 and 751:, Paris, and Amsterdam. Communities of 282: 193:, Egyptians wore locked hairstyles and 9757: 7679: 7286: 6691:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 101. 6657: 6321:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 101. 5715: 5273: 5160: 4919: 4866: 4835: 4735:Taylor, Bron; Kaplan, Jeffrey (2005). 4632:Gilbert-Hickey; Green-Barteet (2021). 4352: 4253: 4032: 4006: 3751: 3728: 3585:Aesthetic Practices in African Tourism 3581: 3500: 2963: 2821: 2384:Egyptian Museum -"Return of the Mummy. 2165: 1818: 1043:were known for centuries to have worn 9398: 8128: 8034:McWhorter, John (14 September 2011). 7987: 7926: 7772:Serrano, Alejandro (March 21, 2023). 7725: 7234:Brown, Nadia; Lemi, Danielle (2021). 6890: 6631: 6595:. University of Virginia. p. 12. 6588: 6537: 6260: 6206: 6146: 6032:Trove / Australian Government Library 5973: 5835: 5538: 5488: 5069: 4741:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 1035. 4708: 4688:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 32. 4520: 3648:"19 Celebs Slaying In Beautiful Locs" 3645: 3561:. Springer. pp. 90–91, 56, 178. 3360: 3258:"19 Celebs Slaying In Beautiful Locs" 2579:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 31. 2253: 579: 7899: 7607: 7536:Donahoo, Sarah; Smith, Asia (2022). 7090:"Religions - Rastafari: Bobo Shanti" 6195:The Hevajra Tantra: A Critical Study 5870:Johnson, Chelsea (18 October 2016). 5378:White, Graham; White, Shane (1995). 5301:"Colonialism, Hair, and Enslavement" 4715:Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria 4608: 4081: 3333: 2953:(8): 25 – via jpanafrican.org. 2670: 2636:Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2260:Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria 1853:discrimination based on natural hair 1728:; and "Ashanti" in reference to the 1709:. They cover their locs with bright 1611:in Indian mythology is said to have 1568:as a form of deity imitation of the 1471: 1047:when young and dreadlocks when old. 474: 401:adding citations to reliable sources 372: 331: 8061:"Longest Dreadlock Record – Rested" 7795:Joseph-Salisbury; Connelly (2018). 7631:Hardaway, Brittany (July 3, 2023). 6947:Gackstetter Nichols; Kenny (2017). 6926:RE: Online the Place for Excellence 6544:International Journal of Trichology 5325:Andiswa Tshiki (23 November 2021). 5240: 5193:The African American Museum of Iowa 5140:. Lerner Publications. p. 39. 4969:Fihlani, Pumza (27 February 2013). 4738:Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature 4332:. Artisan Books. 1999. p. 22. 3507:. Routledge. pp. 98, 105–109. 2699:The American Journal of Archaeology 2472:. Artisan Books. 1999. p. 22. 1991: 1560:, first commonly referenced in the 1298: 1244:red earth clay mixed with butterfat 13: 9483: 8569:Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut 7509: 7432:"Why We Need a National CROWN Act" 7034:. African Sun Media. p. 189. 6540:"From Hair in India to Hair India" 6343:Hair: Styling, Culture and Fashion 5895: 5815:. Sage Publications. p. 442. 5722:Journal of African Foreign Affairs 5593:Ajanaku, Femi; Kuumba, M. (1998). 5247:Byrd, Ayana; Tharps, Lori (2001). 4971:"South Africa's dreadlock thieves" 4899:. African Sun Media. p. 119. 3960:. SAGE Publications. p. 442. 3810:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 56. 3452:Kemigisha, Martha (May 26, 2023). 3295:10.17813/maiq.3.2.nn180v12hu74j318 1717:to tuck their locs under the cap. 1384:women wear locs to connect to the 680:Twentieth century into present day 650:, the Baye Fall, followers of the 93:to avoid negative implications. 14: 9806: 9337:Beard and haircut laws by country 8075: 8011:Princewill, Nimi (May 22, 2023). 7874:Jackson, Jada (2 November 2021). 7653: 6396:Rattanpal, Divyani (2015-10-06). 5545:. Psychology Press. p. 117. 4815:Illinois State Board of Education 4709:Aluko, Adebukola (16 June 2023). 4137:. Northwestern University Press. 3888:. Research in Consumer Behavior. 2551:. Sidewalk Editions. p. 36. 2254:Aluko, Adebukola (16 June 2023). 1845:discriminating against hairstyles 1307:Alice Walker delivering a speech. 730:. The word hippie comes from the 347:This section has multiple issues. 8081: 8053: 8027: 8004: 7981: 7960: 7954: 7920: 7893: 7867: 7851:Chappell, Kate (July 31, 2020). 7844: 7821: 7788: 7765: 7719: 7696: 7673: 7647: 7624: 7608:Hays, Gabrielle (July 3, 2023). 7601: 7575: 7529: 7503: 7477: 7454: 7423: 7369: 7342: 7321: 7307: 7280: 7254: 7227: 7193: 7161: 7135: 7108: 7082: 7055:Omotoso, Sharon Adetutu (2018). 7048: 7021: 6994: 6967: 6940: 6911: 6884: 6861: 6834: 6807: 6781: 6759: 6705: 6678: 6651: 6625: 6599: 6582: 6531: 6504: 6477: 6458: 6452: 6438: 6414: 6389: 6362: 6308: 6254: 6227: 6200: 6187: 6140: 6113: 6087: 6045: 6020: 6005: 5990: 5967: 5941: 5915: 5889: 5863: 5829: 5802: 5756: 5709: 5695:. Anchor Books. pp. 82–91. 5682: 5655: 5617: 5586: 5559: 5532: 5509: 5482: 5462:Davis-Sivasothy, Audrey (2011). 5455: 5417: 5371: 5344: 5318: 5293: 5267: 5206: 5181: 5154: 5127: 5086: 5063: 5038: 5013: 4988: 4962: 4939: 4913: 4682:Biddle-Perry, Geraldine (2020). 4554:. Springer. pp. 10, 80–82. 4450:"The Yorùbá Community in London" 3646:Brown, Nikki (26 October 2020). 3474: 2649:10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10120.x 2602: 2577:A Companion to Ancient Education 1637:Rasta Bongo - A Rasta wearing a 1319:. In the 1960s and 1970s in the 1154:wearing white beaded dreadlocks. 788:the rapper with locs raps about 479: 377: 336: 9546:My Life and Ethiopia's Progress 9332:Andre Walker Hair Typing System 8554:Historical Christian hairstyles 8112:– Documentary by Linda Aïnouche 7703:Gutierrez-Morfin, Noel (2016). 5384:The Journal of Southern History 5305:African American Museum of Iowa 4920:De Vos, Pierre (4 April 2013). 4886: 4860: 4829: 4800: 4773: 4755: 4728: 4702: 4675: 4652: 4625: 4602: 4568: 4541: 4514: 4487: 4441: 4415: 4392: 4346: 4320: 4293: 4247: 4213: 4177: 4151: 4124: 4101: 4075: 4049: 4026: 4000: 3974: 3947: 3921: 3873: 3850: 3824: 3797: 3771: 3745: 3722: 3699: 3665: 3639: 3602: 3575: 3548: 3521: 3494: 3468: 3445: 3418: 3380: 3361:Allah, Sha Be (11 March 2023). 3354: 3327: 3301: 3274: 3250: 3223: 3185: 3158: 3131: 3098: 3064: 3037: 2983: 2957: 2931: 2908: 2881: 2867: 2842: 2815: 2790: 2764: 2737: 2664: 2623: 2596: 2486: 2460: 2426: 2399: 2377: 2352: 1651:dreadlocks are symbolic of the 1287:and, upon their arrival in the 1271:and dreadlock hair traditions. 388:needs additional citations for 355:or discuss these issues on the 8154: 6738:10.2979/jfemistudreli.29.1.101 6730:10.2979/jfemistudreli.29.1.101 5222:Journal of Pan African Studies 4638:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. 4454:African Languages and Cultures 4229:Journal of Pan African Studies 4131:Bolton; Smith; Bebout (2019). 3393:Race, Inequality & Culture 2511:Poliakoff, Michael B. (1987). 2442:Journal of Pan African Studies 2360:"Image of Egyptian with locks" 2327: 2300: 2273: 2247: 2213: 2159: 2129: 2104: 2079: 2013:Guinness Book of World Records 2005:Guinness Book of World Records 1931:Pretoria High School for Girls 1339:to wear their hair natural in 1187:worn by spirit mediums called 1: 9424: 7988:Ntreh, Hii (March 26, 2021). 7744:10.1080/15210960.2022.2162525 6664:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 6234:Wedemeyer, Christian (2014). 5734:10.31920/2056-5658/2020/7n1a5 4082:Ring, Kyle (5 October 2022). 4007:Walker, Kate (19 June 2020). 3898:10.1016/S0885-2111(06)11006-6 3779:"Miss Universe Great Britain" 3192:Savishinsky, Neil J. (1994). 2286:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 2072: 1702:Boboshanti Order of Rastafari 983: 724:African-American hair culture 654:movement, a Sufi movement of 7168:Montlouis, Nathalie (2013). 3165:Grossberg, Lawrence (2005). 3138:Bronner; Dell Clark (2016). 3124:10.1002/j.sda2.20130304.0005 3105:Wakengut, Anastasia (2013). 3071:Loadenthal, Michael (2013). 3044:Pellizzi, Francesco (2012). 2964:Weston, Mark (24 May 2016). 2938:Botchway, De-Valera (2018). 1996:Black men who wear locs are 1760: 1628: 1399: 1349:Black communities in Britain 938:The Curse of the Black Pearl 315:. For example, academics at 59: 16:Rope-like braiding hairstyle 7: 6066:10.2979/transition.126.1.07 5424:Consentino; Fabius (2001). 5274:Byrd, Ayana; Tharps, Lori. 5095:Journal of World Prehistory 4893:Ramalapa, Jedidiah (2021). 4780:Agwuele, Augustine (2016). 4659:Agwuele, Augustine (2019). 4548:Agwuele, Augustine (2016). 4494:Agwuele, Augustine (2016). 4448:Oyetade, Akintunde (1993). 2575:Bloomer, W. Martin (2015). 2495:The Essential Codex Mendoza 2025: 1724:("Bobo" meaning "black" in 1655:, and were inspired by the 1519: 1117:born with dreadlocks. Some 995: 688:Hippies in Riviera Villas, 492:to comply with Knowledge's 320:of the privileged nobles." 10: 9811: 7900:Mele, Christopher (2017). 7732:Multicultural Perspectives 7582:Payne-Patterson, Jasmine. 7394:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.11.065 6769:. James Madison University 6052:Grieves, Victoria (2018). 5997:Withnell, John G. (1901). 5516:Jahangir, Rumeana (2015). 5351:Sherrow, Victoria (2023). 5213:Delongoria, Maria (2018). 5107:10.1007/s10963-022-09164-1 3752:Bremer, Katherine (2007). 3528:Ntarangwi, Mwenda (2009). 3171:. Routledge. p. 408. 3168:Cultural Studies: Volume 7 2830:. World History Foundation 2828:World History Encyclopedia 2744:Sherrow, Victoria (2023). 2630:Haas; Toppe; Henz (2005). 2406:Sherrow, Victoria (2023). 2280:Sherrow, Victoria (2023). 1661:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 1548:The practice of wearing a 1466:Australian Aboriginal flag 709:, symbolized by the name " 660:Shaykh Aamadu Bàmba Mbàkke 243:priests were described in 175: 18: 9707: 9681: 9630: 9604: 9576: 9525: 9494: 9481: 9432: 9324: 9293: 9242: 9136: 9064: 8957: 8950: 8847: 8272: 8200: 8169: 8162: 7588:Economic Policy Institute 7491:. Smithsonian Institution 7287:Morgan, Emmanuel (2022). 6868:Kimutai, Cyprian (2022). 6661:Women and Asian Religions 6213:. Springer. p. 265. 5836:Brown, Shaunasea (2018). 5763:Erasmus, Zimitri (1997). 4500:. Springer. p. 135. 4466:10.1080/09544169308717762 3880:Kozinets; Sherry (2007). 3804:Steinhoff, Heike (2011). 3706:Aighewi, Adesuwa (2017). 3681:Michigan Feminist Studies 3672:Thompson, Cheryl (2008). 3315:. Smithsonian Institution 2673:"Know Them by Their Hair" 2307:Chikowero, Mhoze (2015). 2091:Oxford English Dictionary 2010:On 10 December 2010, the 1866:implicit-association test 1564:, were known to wear the 1101:women with red ochre locs 1007:woman with red dreadlocks 962:Black Rock Desert, Nevada 944:Hairstyles at Burning Man 765:Europe's Black population 180: 7726:Banks, Patricia (2023). 7554:10.1177/2153368719888264 7028:Coertzen; Green (2015). 6891:Kinni, Yen-Kini (2015). 6511:Lorenzen, David (1972). 6484:Lorenzen, David (1972). 6261:Bogin, Benjamin (2018). 6147:Bogin, Benjamin (2008). 6001:. ROEBOURNE. p. 14. 5624:Mutukwa, Mendai (2016). 5566:Connell, Kieran (2019). 4836:Rhodes, Jerusha (1996). 4613:. News Agency of Nigeria 4300:Opara; Chukwuma (2022). 4013:University Girl Magazine 3623:10.4324/9781003085508-11 3588:. Taylor & Francis. 3340:. Capstone. p. 25. 3313:Smithsonianeducation.org 2915:Crowder, Nicole (2015). 2549:YRIA: The Guiding Shadow 2547:Blencowe, Chris (2013). 2396:." Retrieved 01-26-2007. 1783:National Football League 1738:Emmanuel Charles Edwards 1673:Mau Mau freedom fighters 1113:is given to children in 1089:Moses Orimolade Tunolase 933:Pirates of the Caribbean 860:Mau Mau freedom fighters 728:African-American culture 608:Encyklopedia staropolska 505:may contain suggestions. 490:may need to be rewritten 299:, Greece) 1600–1500 BCE. 185:According to Sherrow in 74:"dread", or fear, of God 64:The history of the name 19:Not to be confused with 9596:Twelve Tribes of Israel 7376:Lee; Nambudiri (2021). 6589:Varde, Abhijit (1997). 6094:Gershon, Livia (2023). 5974:Thiga, Tatiana (2023). 5662:Samuels, Anita (1994). 5161:Davies, Monika (2017). 4427:. Artisan Books. 1999. 4353:Kasfir, Sidney (1994). 4254:Kasfir, Sidney (1994). 3857:Devaney, Jacob (2017). 3501:Mercer, Kobena (2013). 2888:Sarasohn, Lisa (2021). 2776:. Artisan Books. 1999. 1965:texture of Black hair. 1068:Ethiopian Coptic Church 9722:Ethiopian Christianity 9488: 8354:Brush, butch, burr cut 7680:Martin, Areva (2017). 7180:10.25501/SOAS.00017357 6120:Ottosson, Ase (2020). 5134:McQuail, Lisa (2002). 5109:(inactive 2024-07-08). 3111:Student Anthropologist 2166:Morris, Julia (2014). 2023: 1949: 1832: 1827:Black students in the 1807:, the American Boxing 1645: 1545: 1529: 1414:Indigenous Australians 1409: 1308: 1234:(red earth clay). The 1220: 1155: 1144:from Nigerian police. 1102: 1008: 990:cultural appropriation 921:Dee-Ann Kentish-Rogers 793: 732:African-American slang 693: 658:founded in 1887 AD by 643: 592: 329: 300: 279: 272: 266: 233:Pre-Columbian Americas 42: 41:with locked hair, 1885 9487: 7814:10.3390/socsci7110219 6712:Allocco, Amy (2013). 6658:Kassam, Zayn (2017). 6557:10.4103/ijt.ijt_10_17 6538:Trueb, Ralph (2017). 6207:Saran, Shyam (2018). 6096:"Reggae in Australia" 5539:Owusu, Kwesi (2000). 5189:"The History of Hair" 5074:. face2faceafrica.com 5046:"Angola, Mwila Tribe" 4609:Oche, Gloria (2022). 4521:Idowu, Moses (2009). 4399:Gardner, Tom (2019). 4184:Thompson, MJ (2019). 3582:Talmor, Ruti (2023). 2919:. The Washington Post 2517:Yale University Press 2018: 1947: 1826: 1707:Mansions of Rastafari 1636: 1625:from her dreadlocks. 1535: 1527: 1407: 1353:civil rights movement 1333:natural hair movement 1306: 1203: 1150: 1097: 1003: 978:New York Fashion Week 784: 715:civil rights movement 690:San Diego, California 687: 641: 587: 570:Akrotiri Boxer Fresco 324:explains some of the 306: 290: 278: 271: 261: 33: 9699:In the United States 9179:Hairstyling products 8754:Short back and sides 8090:at Wikimedia Commons 7612:. PBS. PBS News Hour 7295:. The New York Times 6267:History of Religions 6153:History of Religions 6016:. London: Macmillan. 5670:. The New York Times 5253:. St. Martin Press. 3831:Shoenberger, Elisa. 3617:. pp. 117–122. 3555:Osumare, H. (2012). 2990:Savishinsky (1994). 2364:freemaninstitute.com 2184:10.1162/AFAR_a_00121 2116:Cambridge Dictionary 2037:Protective hairstyle 1684:, previously called 1390:protective hairstyle 1386:global Black culture 1325:Black Power movement 1277:Atlantic slave trade 1215:, locs translate to 397:improve this article 283:Hairstyles in Europe 9727:Ites Gold and Green 9689:Relation to Judaism 9631:Notable individuals 9357:Eponymous hairstyle 9243:Haircare techniques 9234:Hair texture powder 9092:Frictional alopecia 8094:Celtic Hair History 7832:. Sowetan Live News 7776:. The Texas Tribune 6632:Torgaltar, Varsha. 6465:factsanddetails.com 6193:Snellgrove, David. 5955:. 28 September 2021 5280:Library of Congress 5137:The Masai of Africa 5070:Nunoo, Ama (2020). 4867:Cartwright, Angie. 4220:Delongoria (2018). 4033:Donato, Al (2016). 3729:Donato, Al (2015). 3002:(2): 211–219, 212. 2824:"Akrotiri Frescoes" 2433:Delongoria (2018). 2394:Toronto Life - 2002 1819:Hair discrimination 1609:Angala Parameshvari 1054:, the water spirit 843:wear locs, such as 670:Mouride Brotherhood 542:Minoan Civilization 207:Abrahamic religions 9489: 9294:Health and medical 8280:list of hairstyles 7992:. Face2Face Africa 7906:The New York Times 7293:The New York Times 7268:. 29 December 2010 6448:. 3 February 2019. 5752:– via JSTOR. 5668:The New York Times 4873:Afrostyle Magazine 4663:. The Conservation 3334:Hook, Sue (2010). 2822:Cartwright, Mark. 2802:Collins Dictionary 2389:2005-12-30 at the 2032:List of hairstyles 1954:United States Army 1950: 1878:Cornell University 1833: 1649:Rastafari movement 1646: 1644:to cover his locs. 1600:Maharashtra region 1546: 1530: 1510:Vajrayana Buddhism 1410: 1331:movement, and the 1329:Black is Beautiful 1309: 1281:Sub-Saharan Africa 1221: 1156: 1103: 1009: 917:Miss World Pageant 913:Miss Jamaica World 872:Ghanaian headwraps 868:Ghanaian musicians 794: 694: 644: 610:mentions that the 593: 580:Nineteenth century 574:Collins Dictionary 556:discovered on the 330: 301: 280: 273: 43: 39:Pitikwahanapiwiyin 9752: 9751: 9658:Vernon Carrington 9648:Archibald Dunkley 9392: 9391: 9265:Curly Girl Method 9137:Haircare products 9132: 9131: 9099:Pattern hair loss 8379:Butterfly haircut 8268: 8267: 8086:Media related to 7855:. Washington Post 7317:. 6 October 2017. 7200:Botchway (2018). 7096:. 21 October 2009 6378:. 23 October 2019 5050:Atlas of Humanity 5025:101lasttribes.com 3934:High Country News 3907:978-0-7623-1446-1 3861:. Huffington Post 3783:Going-natural.com 3230:Cashmore (2013). 2677:Archeologynow.org 2671:Stephens, Janet. 2339:101lasttribes.com 2220:Botchway (2018). 2149:978-1-4668-7210-3 1998:racially profiled 1986:African continent 1771:American football 1686:Young Black Faith 1472:Buddhism/Hinduism 1378:African headwraps 847:, Delivad Julio, 761:Caribbean culture 692:, with dreadlocks 538: 537: 530: 520: 519: 494:quality standards 473: 472: 465: 447: 370: 78:Mau Mau rebellion 9802: 9553:The Promised Key 9502:Haile Selassie I 9419: 9412: 9405: 9396: 9395: 9119:Trichotillomania 8955: 8954: 8951:Hair subtraction 8937:Designer stubble 8779:Standard haircut 8699:Professional cut 8429:Croydon facelift 8349:Broccoli haircut 8167: 8166: 8149: 8142: 8135: 8126: 8125: 8110:Dreadlocks Story 8085: 8069: 8068: 8063:. Archived from 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8040:The New Republic 8031: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8008: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7985: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7947: 7933: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7908:. New York Times 7897: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7871: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7848: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7837: 7825: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7769: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7684:. 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337: 328:had curly hair. 285: 247:(including the 235: 209:. For example, 183: 178: 62: 28: 25:Lovelock (hair) 17: 12: 11: 5: 9808: 9798: 9797: 9792: 9790:Gothic fashion 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9746: 9745: 9744: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9713: 9711: 9705: 9704: 9702: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9685: 9683: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9643:Joseph Hibbert 9640: 9638:Leonard Howell 9634: 9632: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9624: 9619: 9617:Grounation Day 9614: 9608: 9606: 9602: 9601: 9599: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9582: 9580: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9570: 9563: 9556: 9549: 9542: 9535: 9529: 9527: 9526:Key scriptures 9523: 9522: 9520: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9498: 9496: 9492: 9491: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9436: 9434: 9433:Main doctrines 9430: 9429: 9422: 9421: 9414: 9407: 9399: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9384:Hair fetishism 9381: 9380: 9379: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9328: 9326: 9322: 9321: 9319: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9297: 9295: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9246: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9140: 9138: 9134: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9104:Hypertrichosis 9101: 9096: 9095: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9068: 9066: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9036: 9035: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9004: 9003: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8961: 8959: 8952: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8933: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8897: 8896: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8859: 8857: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8609:Liberty spikes 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8574:Japanese women 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8544:High and tight 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8494:Feathered hair 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8439:Curtained hair 8436: 8431: 8426: 8424:Crochet braids 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8299:Asymmetric cut 8296: 8291: 8285: 8283: 8270: 8269: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8231: 8230: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8204: 8202: 8198: 8197: 8195: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8173: 8171: 8164: 8163:Classification 8160: 8159: 8152: 8151: 8144: 8137: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8114: 8106: 8097: 8091: 8077: 8076:External links 8074: 8071: 8070: 8067:on 2011-10-05. 8052: 8026: 8003: 7980: 7969:. Radio Canada 7953: 7927:Smith (2018). 7919: 7892: 7866: 7843: 7820: 7787: 7764: 7718: 7695: 7672: 7646: 7635:. 13 WREX News 7623: 7600: 7574: 7548:(1): 182–203. 7528: 7502: 7476: 7453: 7422: 7368: 7341: 7320: 7306: 7279: 7253: 7246: 7226: 7192: 7160: 7143:"Rastafarians" 7134: 7127: 7107: 7081: 7047: 7040: 7020: 7013: 6993: 6966: 6959: 6939: 6910: 6903: 6883: 6860: 6853: 6833: 6826: 6806: 6780: 6758: 6704: 6697: 6677: 6670: 6650: 6624: 6598: 6581: 6530: 6523: 6503: 6496: 6476: 6451: 6437: 6413: 6388: 6361: 6351: 6334: 6327: 6307: 6287:10.1086/596567 6279:10.1086/596567 6253: 6246: 6226: 6219: 6199: 6186: 6173:10.1086/596567 6165:10.1086/596567 6139: 6132: 6112: 6086: 6060:(126): 43–57. 6044: 6019: 6004: 5989: 5966: 5940: 5914: 5888: 5862: 5828: 5821: 5801: 5755: 5728:(1): 111–127. 5708: 5701: 5681: 5654: 5616: 5585: 5578: 5558: 5551: 5531: 5508: 5489:Nyela (2021). 5481: 5474: 5454: 5416: 5370: 5363: 5343: 5317: 5292: 5266: 5259: 5239: 5205: 5180: 5173: 5153: 5146: 5126: 5085: 5062: 5037: 5012: 4987: 4961: 4938: 4926:Daily Maverick 4912: 4905: 4885: 4859: 4828: 4799: 4792: 4772: 4754: 4747: 4727: 4701: 4694: 4674: 4651: 4644: 4624: 4601: 4567: 4560: 4540: 4533: 4513: 4506: 4486: 4440: 4433: 4414: 4403:. The Atlantic 4391: 4345: 4338: 4319: 4312: 4292: 4246: 4212: 4198: 4176: 4165:. 6 April 2016 4163:Ebony Magazine 4150: 4143: 4123: 4100: 4074: 4048: 4037:. Huffpost.com 4025: 3999: 3973: 3966: 3946: 3920: 3906: 3872: 3849: 3823: 3816: 3796: 3785:. 17 July 2018 3770: 3744: 3733:. Huffpost.com 3721: 3710:. The Guardian 3698: 3664: 3638: 3631: 3601: 3594: 3574: 3567: 3547: 3540: 3520: 3513: 3493: 3475:C.J., Nelson. 3467: 3456:. Uganda Pulse 3444: 3437: 3417: 3379: 3353: 3346: 3326: 3300: 3289:(2): 227–243. 3273: 3249: 3242: 3222: 3184: 3177: 3157: 3150: 3130: 3097: 3063: 3056: 3036: 2982: 2970:Daily Maverick 2956: 2930: 2907: 2900: 2880: 2866: 2854:Dictionary.com 2841: 2814: 2789: 2782: 2763: 2756: 2736: 2711:10.2307/507269 2689: 2663: 2642:(3): 298–300. 2622: 2611:. Reed College 2605:"Greek Kouroi" 2603:Kerr, Minott. 2595: 2585: 2567: 2557: 2536: 2525: 2500: 2485: 2478: 2459: 2425: 2418: 2398: 2376: 2351: 2326: 2319: 2299: 2292: 2272: 2246: 2212: 2158: 2154:ByrdTharps2014 2148: 2128: 2103: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2027: 2024: 2007: 2002: 1993: 1990: 1908:Black students 1829:Black diaspora 1820: 1817: 1809:ring announcer 1805:David Diamante 1779:Ricky Williams 1762: 1759: 1730:Ashanti people 1669:Haile Selassie 1630: 1627: 1562:6th century CE 1521: 1518: 1490:Hevajra Tantra 1473: 1470: 1401: 1398: 1382:Black Canadian 1335:inspired many 1300: 1297: 1213:Shona language 1168:Okomfo priests 1164:Ashanti people 1076:Aladura church 997: 994: 985: 982: 945: 942: 681: 678: 642:Work Baye Fall 633:Eastern Europe 616:plica polonica 604:Zygmunt Gloger 581: 578: 544:, centered in 536: 535: 518: 517: 487: 485: 478: 471: 470: 385: 383: 376: 371: 345: 344: 342: 335: 326:Kouros statues 322:Janet Stephens 284: 281: 234: 231: 182: 179: 177: 174: 104:, the name is 61: 58: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9807: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9785:2010s fashion 9783: 9781: 9780:2000s fashion 9778: 9776: 9775:1990s fashion 9773: 9771: 9770:1980s fashion 9768: 9766: 9765:1970s fashion 9763: 9762: 9760: 9743: 9740: 9739: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9710: 9706: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9680: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9629: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9609: 9607: 9603: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9579: 9575: 9569: 9568: 9564: 9562: 9561: 9557: 9555: 9554: 9550: 9548: 9547: 9543: 9541: 9540: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9528: 9524: 9518: 9517:Marcus Garvey 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9493: 9486: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9465:Lion of Judah 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9437: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9420: 9415: 9413: 9408: 9406: 9401: 9400: 9397: 9385: 9382: 9378: 9375: 9374: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9352: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9323: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9306:Hair follicle 9304: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9292: 9286: 9285:Straightening 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9255:Hair coloring 9253: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9135: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9074: 9073: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9063: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9037: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9008: 9005: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8967: 8966: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8956: 8953: 8949: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8902: 8901: 8898: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8865: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8850: 8846: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8824:Victory rolls 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8774:Straight hair 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8564:Induction cut 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8534:Hair crimping 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8364: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8229: 8226: 8225: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8199: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8168: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8150: 8145: 8143: 8138: 8136: 8131: 8130: 8127: 8121: 8119: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8107: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8089: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8066: 8062: 8056: 8041: 8037: 8030: 8014: 8007: 7991: 7984: 7968: 7964: 7957: 7941: 7937: 7930: 7923: 7907: 7903: 7896: 7881: 7877: 7870: 7854: 7847: 7831: 7824: 7815: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7791: 7775: 7768: 7753: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7729: 7722: 7706: 7699: 7683: 7676: 7661: 7657: 7654:Bates, Kare. 7650: 7634: 7627: 7611: 7604: 7589: 7585: 7578: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7532: 7517: 7513: 7506: 7490: 7486: 7480: 7464: 7457: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7426: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7372: 7357: 7356: 7351: 7345: 7330: 7324: 7316: 7310: 7294: 7290: 7283: 7267: 7263: 7257: 7249: 7247:9780197540596 7243: 7239: 7238: 7230: 7214: 7210: 7203: 7196: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7172: 7164: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7130: 7128:9780759121508 7124: 7120: 7119: 7111: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7069: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7043: 7041:9781919985633 7037: 7033: 7032: 7024: 7016: 7014:9781566395847 7010: 7006: 7005: 6997: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6970: 6962: 6960:9781610699457 6956: 6952: 6951: 6943: 6927: 6920: 6914: 6906: 6904:9789956762651 6900: 6896: 6895: 6887: 6871: 6864: 6856: 6854:9781566395847 6850: 6846: 6845: 6837: 6829: 6827:9781566395847 6823: 6819: 6818: 6810: 6794: 6790: 6784: 6768: 6762: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6708: 6700: 6698:9781350187412 6694: 6690: 6689: 6681: 6673: 6671:9798216166139 6667: 6663: 6662: 6654: 6639: 6635: 6628: 6613: 6609: 6602: 6594: 6593: 6585: 6577: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6534: 6526: 6524:0-520-01842-7 6520: 6516: 6515: 6507: 6499: 6497:0-520-01842-7 6493: 6489: 6488: 6480: 6466: 6462: 6455: 6447: 6441: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6403: 6399: 6392: 6377: 6376: 6371: 6365: 6358: 6354: 6352:9781845207922 6348: 6344: 6338: 6330: 6328:9781350187412 6324: 6320: 6319: 6311: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6257: 6249: 6247:9780231162418 6243: 6239: 6238: 6230: 6222: 6220:9789811073175 6216: 6212: 6211: 6203: 6196: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6159:(2): 85–109. 6158: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6135: 6133:9781000181784 6129: 6126:. Routledge. 6125: 6124: 6116: 6101: 6097: 6090: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6048: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6015: 6008: 6000: 5993: 5977: 5970: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5929: 5925: 5918: 5903: 5899: 5892: 5877: 5873: 5866: 5850: 5846: 5839: 5832: 5824: 5822:9781483346380 5818: 5814: 5813: 5805: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5775:(32): 11–16. 5774: 5770: 5766: 5759: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5712: 5704: 5702:9780385471619 5698: 5694: 5693: 5685: 5669: 5665: 5658: 5643: 5639: 5636:(21): 70–74. 5635: 5631: 5627: 5620: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5589: 5581: 5579:9780520971950 5575: 5571: 5570: 5562: 5554: 5552:9780415178457 5548: 5544: 5543: 5535: 5519: 5512: 5496: 5492: 5485: 5477: 5475:9780984518425 5471: 5467: 5466: 5458: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5420: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5374: 5366: 5364:9781440873492 5360: 5356: 5355: 5347: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5281: 5277: 5270: 5262: 5260:9781250046574 5256: 5252: 5251: 5243: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5176: 5174:9781493837267 5170: 5166: 5165: 5157: 5149: 5147:9780822548553 5143: 5139: 5138: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5089: 5073: 5066: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5026: 5022: 5016: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4976: 4972: 4965: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4942: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4908: 4906:9780620931816 4902: 4898: 4897: 4889: 4874: 4870: 4863: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4832: 4816: 4809: 4803: 4795: 4793:9783319301860 4789: 4785: 4784: 4776: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4750: 4748:9781847062734 4744: 4740: 4739: 4731: 4716: 4712: 4705: 4697: 4695:9781350122833 4691: 4687: 4686: 4678: 4662: 4655: 4647: 4645:9781496833839 4641: 4637: 4636: 4628: 4612: 4605: 4589: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4563: 4561:9783319301860 4557: 4553: 4552: 4544: 4536: 4534:9789783570450 4530: 4526: 4525: 4517: 4509: 4507:9783319301860 4503: 4499: 4498: 4490: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4436: 4434:9781579651503 4430: 4426: 4425: 4418: 4402: 4395: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4349: 4341: 4339:9781579651503 4335: 4331: 4330: 4323: 4315: 4313:9781666914665 4309: 4305: 4304: 4296: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4234: 4230: 4223: 4216: 4201: 4199:9781476634852 4195: 4191: 4187: 4180: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4146: 4144:9780810139114 4140: 4136: 4135: 4127: 4111: 4104: 4089: 4085: 4078: 4064: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4036: 4029: 4014: 4010: 4003: 3988: 3984: 3977: 3969: 3967:9781483346380 3963: 3959: 3958: 3950: 3935: 3931: 3924: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3860: 3853: 3838: 3834: 3827: 3819: 3817:9783643111005 3813: 3809: 3808: 3800: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3759: 3755: 3748: 3732: 3725: 3709: 3702: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3634: 3632:9781000182996 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3605: 3597: 3595:9780429534768 3591: 3587: 3586: 3578: 3570: 3568:9781137021656 3564: 3560: 3559: 3551: 3543: 3541:9780252076534 3537: 3533: 3532: 3524: 3516: 3514:9781135204761 3510: 3506: 3505: 3497: 3482: 3481:Billboard.com 3478: 3471: 3455: 3448: 3440: 3438:9780313357596 3434: 3430: 3429: 3421: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3383: 3368: 3367:Thesource.com 3364: 3357: 3349: 3347:9781429640176 3343: 3339: 3338: 3330: 3314: 3310: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3245: 3243:9781135083748 3239: 3236:. 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