549:
88:
1433:
waters due to low toxicity to marine organisms. New regulations restrict the amount of synthetic oil that can be discharged. These new regulations created a significant burden in the form of tests needed to determine the "ROC" or retention on cuttings, sampling to determine the percentage of crude oil in the drilling mud, and extensive documentation. No type of oil/synthetic based mud (or drilled cuttings contaminated with OBM/SBM) may be dumped in the North Sea. Contaminated mud must either be shipped back to shore in skips or processed on the rigs.
1390:
3571:
214:
226:
1091:
1293:
47:
1113:
hydrochloric acid. However, when mixed into water-based drilling fluids, hydrochloric acid only decreases the pH of the water to a more manageable level. Caustic (sodium hydroxide), anhydrous lime, soda ash, bentonite, baryte and polymers are the most common chemicals used in water-based drilling fluids. Oil Base Mud and synthetic drilling fluids can contain high levels of benzene, and other chemicals
496:
398:. Some other common additives include lubricants, shale inhibitors, fluid loss additives(CMC and PAC) (to control loss of drilling fluids into permeable formations). A weighting agent such as baryte is added to increase the overall density of the drilling fluid so that sufficient bottom hole pressure can be maintained thereby preventing an unwanted (and often dangerous) influx of formation fluids.
1409:, is critical to the entire drilling operation because even small problems with mud can stop the whole operations on rig. The internationally accepted shift pattern at off-shore drilling operations is personnel (including mud engineers) work on a 28-day shift pattern, where they work for 28 continuous days and rest the following 28 days. In Europe this is more commonly a 21-day shift pattern.
150:
530:
445:, called "gel" in the oilfield. The name likely refers to the fluid viscosity as very thin and free-flowing (like chocolate milk) while being pumped, but when pumping is stopped, the static fluid congeals to a "gel" that resists flow. When adequate pumping force is applied to "break the gel," flow resumes and the fluid returns to its free-flowing state. Many other chemicals (e.g.
541:). These considerations are analogous to the ability of a stream to carry sediment. Large sand grains in a slow-moving stream settle to the stream bed, while small sand grains in a fast-moving stream are carried along with the water. The mud viscosity and gel strength are important properties, as cuttings will settle to the bottom of the well if the
583:
Higher rotary drill-string speeds introduce a circular component to the annular flow path. This helical flow around the drill string causes drill cuttings near the wall, where poor hole cleaning conditions occur, to move into higher transport regions of the annulus. Increased rotation speed is one of
440:
Water-based mud (WBM): Most water-based mud systems begin with water, then clays and other chemicals are added to create a homogeneous blend with viscosity between chocolate milk and a malt. The clay is usually a combination of native clays that are suspended in the fluid while drilling, or specific
508:
equipment are commonly installed, and workers are trained in safety precautions. The mud is then pumped back down the hole and further re-circulated. The mud properties are tested, with periodic treating in the mud pits to ensure it has desired properties to optimize drilling efficiency and provide
479:
through the drill string, where it jets out of nozzles on the drill bit, thus clearing away cuttings and cooling the drill bit in the process. The mud then carries the crushed or cut rock ("cuttings") up the annular space ("annulus") between the drill string and the sides of the hole being drilled,
1412:
In offshore drilling, with new technology and high total day costs, wells are being drilled extremely fast. Having two mud engineers makes economic sense to prevent down time due to drilling fluid difficulties. Two mud engineers also reduce insurance costs to oil companies for environmental damage
452:
Oil-based mud (OBM): Oil-based mud has a petroleum-based fluid such as diesel fuel. Oil-based muds are used for increased lubricity, enhanced shale inhibition, and greater cleaning abilities with less viscosity. Oil-based muds also withstand greater heat without breaking down. The use of oil-based
268:
The two main categories of drilling fluids are water-based muds (WBs), which can be dispersed and non-dispersed, and non-aqueous muds, usually called oil-based muds (OBs). Along with their formatives, these are used along with appropriate polymer and clay additives for drilling various oil and gas
1432:
The compliance engineer is the most common name for a relatively new position in the oil field, emerging around 2002 due to new environmental regulations on synthetic mud in the United States. Previously, synthetic mud was regulated the same as water-based mud and could be disposed of in offshore
1112:
Water-based drilling fluid has very little toxicity, made from water, bentonite and baryte, all clay from mining operations, usually found in
Wyoming and in Lunde, Telemark. There are specific chemicals that can be used in water-based drilling fluids that alone can be corrosive and toxic, such as
464:
Synthetic-based fluid (SBM) (otherwise known as low-toxicity oil-based mud or LTOBM): Synthetic-based fluid is a mud in which the base fluid is a synthetic oil. This is most often used on offshore rigs because it has the properties of an oil-based mud, but the toxicity of the fluid fumes are much
1192:
Water based drilling mud that represses hydration and dispersion of clay.Water-based muds are the most commonly used type of drilling fluids. They are made from water and various additives including clays, polymers, and weighing agents. WBM is primarily used in shallow wells and is effective in
1224:
contain oil as the continuous phase and water as a contaminant, and not an element in the design of the mud. They typically contain less than 5% (by volume) water. Oil-based muds are usually a mixture of diesel fuel and asphalt, however can be based on produced crude oil and
394:-based mixture, named after the color of the red tannic acid salts; it was commonly used in the 1940s to 1950s, then was made obsolete when lignosulfonates became available. Other components are added to provide various specific functional characteristics as listed
871:. ("Coefficient of friction" is how much friction on side of wellbore and collar size or drill pipe size to pull stuck pipe) Oil- and synthetic-based mud generally lubricate better than water-based mud (but the latter can be improved by the addition of lubricants).
1029:
to monitor corrosion type, rates and to tell correct chemical inhibitor is used in correct amount. A corrosion coupon is a small piece of metal exposed to the process so to evaluate the effect the corrosive conditions would have on other equipment of similar
411:
Many types of drilling fluids are used on a day-to-day basis. Some wells require different types to be used in different parts of the hole, or that some types be used in combination with others. The various types of fluid generally fall into broad categories:
1804:
503:
The returning mud may contain natural gases or other flammable materials which will collect in and around the shale shaker/conveyor area or in other work areas. Because of the risk of a fire or an explosion, special monitoring sensors and
280:
from entering into the well bore, and carrying out drill cuttings as well as suspending the drill cuttings while drilling is paused such as when the drilling assembly is brought in and out of the hole. The drilling fluid also keeps the
1075:
Mud low viscosity, mud parameters should be tolerant of formations being drilled, and drilling fluid composition, turbulent flow – low viscosity high pump rate, laminar flow – high viscosity, high pump
1416:
The cost of the drilling fluid is typically about 10% (may vary greatly) of the total cost of drilling a well, and demands competent mud engineers. Large cost savings result when the mud engineer and fluid performs adequately.
768:
when using water-based mud, chemical differences can cause interactions between mud & shale that lead to weakening of the native rock. Highly fractured, dry, brittle shales can be extremely unstable, leading to mechanical
1243:: Air and foam-based muds use air or nitrogen to create a foam that carries the drill cuttings to the surface. These types of drilling fluids are used in wells where the formation is highly porous and prone to caving.
465:
less. This is important when the drilling crew works with the fluid in an enclosed space such as an offshore drilling rig. Synthetic-based fluid poses the same environmental and analysis problems as oil-based fluid.
756:
formations, hole enlargement can occur from mechanical actions (hydraulic forces & nozzles velocities). Formation damage is reduced by a conservative hydraulics system. A good quality filter cake containing
654:
Hydrostatic pressure = density of drilling fluid * true vertical depth * acceleration of gravity. If hydrostatic pressure is greater than or equal to formation pressure, formation fluid will not flow into the
1401:. This individual typically works for the company selling the chemicals for the job and is specifically trained with those products, though independent mud engineers are still common. The role of the
1188:: Low pH mud (7.0–9.5) that includes spud, bentonite, natural, phosphate treated muds, organic mud and organic colloid treated mud. high pH mud example alkaline tannate treated muds are above 9.5 in pH.
1066:
Mud should have thin, slick filter cake, with minimal solids in filter cake, wellbore with minimal cuttings, caving or bridges will prevent a good casing run to bottom. Circulate well bore until clean.
1255::High-density muds are used in wells with high pressures and temperatures. They are made from barite and other weighing agents and are used to control the pressure in the well and prevent blowouts.
877:
Poor lubrication causes high torque and drag, heat checking of the drill string, but these problems are also caused by key seating, poor hole cleaning and incorrect bottom hole assemblies design.
880:
Drilling fluids also support portion of drill-string or casing through buoyancy. Suspend in drilling fluid, buoyed by force equal to weight (or density) of mud, so reducing hook load at derrick.
627:
For effective solids controls, drill solids must be removed from mud on the 1st circulation from the well. If re-circulated, cuttings break into smaller pieces and are more difficult to remove.
749:
If the hole is enlarged, it becomes weak and difficult to stabilize, and problems such as low annular velocities, poor hole cleaning, solids loading and poor formation evaluation may result.
453:
muds has special considerations of cost, environmental concerns such as disposal of cuttings in an appropriate place, and the exploratory disadvantages of using oil-based mud, especially in
617:
High concentrations of drill solids are detrimental to drilling efficiency because they increase mud weight and viscosity, which in turn increases maintenance costs and increased dilution.
537:
Drilling fluid carries the rock excavated by the drill bit up to the surface. Its ability to do so depends on cutting size, shape, and density, and speed of fluid traveling up the well (
1208:: These muds contain less than 3–6% solids by volume and weight less than 9.5 lbs/gal. Most muds of this type are water-based with varying quantities of bentonite and a polymer.
449:) are added to a WBM system to achieve desired effects, including: viscosity control, shale stability, enhance drilling rate of penetration, and cooling and lubricating of equipment.
1267:: Non-damaging muds are designed to prevent damage to the formation being drilled. They are typically used in wells where the formation is susceptible to damage from drilling mud
2796:
1237:: Synthetic-based muds are made from synthetic fluids and are used in deep wells with extreme temperatures. SBM has excellent lubricating properties and is less toxic than OBM.
351:
740:
Chemical composition and mud properties must combine to provide a stable wellbore. The density of the mud must be within the necessary range to balance the mechanical forces.
1397:"Mud engineer" is the name given to an oil field service company individual who is charged with maintaining a drilling fluid or completion fluid system on an oil and/or gas
1026:
269:
formations. Gaseous drilling fluids, typically utilizing air or natural gas, sometimes with the addition of foaming agents, can be used when downhole conditions permit.
614:
Heavy material that settles is referred to as sag, which causes a wide variation in the density of well fluid. This more frequently occurs in high-angle and hot wells.
1441:
285:
cool and clears out cuttings beneath it during drilling. The drilling fluid used for a particular job is selected to avoid formation damage and to limit corrosion.
2692:
743:
Wellbore instability = sloughing formations, which can cause tight hole conditions, bridges and fill on trips (same symptoms indicate hole cleaning problems).
1906:"Methods for Assessing the Chronic Toxicity of Marine and Estuarine Sediment-associated Contaminants with the Amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus—First Edition"
1413:
that oil companies are responsible for during drilling and production. A senior mud engineer typically works in the day, and a junior mud engineer at night.
567:(viscosity increases when static). This characteristic keeps the cuttings suspended when the mud is not flowing, for example, when replacing the drill bit.
3537:
643:
If formation pressure increases, mud density should be increased to balance pressure and keep the wellbore stable. The most common weighting material is
671:
In practice, mud density should be limited to the minimum necessary for well control and wellbore stability. If too great it may fracture the formation.
300:; usually with substances added that control viscosity, along with lubricants, for the inhibition of corrosive inhibitors, salts, and pH-control agents.
874:
Amount of lubrication provided by drilling fluid depends on type & quantity of drill solids and weight materials + chemical composition of system.
983:
So mud for drilling core selected base on type of evaluation to be performed (many coring operations specify a bland mud with minimum of additives).
2917:
2215:
647:. Unbalanced formation pressure will cause an unexpected influx (also known as a kick) of formation fluids into the wellbore possibly leading to a
1063:
Temperature of water used for cement must be within tolerance of cementers performing task, usually 70 degrees, most notably in winter conditions.
1966:
Okoro, Emmanuel Emeka; Ochonma, Chidiebere; Omeje, Maxwell; Sanni, Samuel E.; Emetere, Moses E.; Orodu, Kale B.; Igwilo, Kevin C. (17 Dec 2019).
630:
A test must be conducted to compare the solids content of mud at the flow line and suction pit (to determine whether cuttings are being removed).
694:
Problems can occur if a thick filter cake is formed: tight hole conditions, poor log quality, stuck pipe, lost circulation and formation damage.
830:
685:
2205:
2079:
577:
Higher annular velocity improves cutting transport. Transport ratio (transport velocity / lowest annular velocity) should be at least 50%.
2687:
2682:
2667:
2662:
2210:
854:
Heat is generated from mechanical and hydraulic forces at the bit and when the drill string rotates and rubs against casing and wellbore.
668:
If formation pressures exposed in the open borehole are subnormal, air, gas, mist, stiff foam, or low-density mud (oil base) can be used.
977:
Mud helps not to disperse of cuttings and also improve cutting transport for mud loggers determine the depth of the cuttings originated.
580:
High-density fluids may clean holes adequately even with lower annular velocities (by increasing the buoyancy force acting on cuttings).
2632:
1905:
437:
Water: Water is sometimes used by itself. In offshore drilling, seawater is typically used while drilling the top section of the hole.
2256:
2225:
2220:
890:
When running long, heavy string or casing, buoyancy possible to run casing strings whose weight exceed a rig's hook load capacity.
2999:
505:
1617:
1101:
Mud is, in varying degrees, toxic. It is also difficult and expensive to dispose of it in an environmentally friendly manner. A
2873:
2697:
915:) tools. Hydraulic programs base on bit nozzles sizing for available mud pump horsepower to optimize jet impact at bottom well.
2281:
1701:
1357:
3004:
2672:
2246:
1329:
1060:
During casing run, mud must remain fluid and minimize pressure surges so fracture induced lost circulation does not occur.
697:
In highly permeable formations with large pore throats, whole mud may invade the formation, depending on mud solids size:
2251:
3385:
3064:
2780:
1336:
457:. Using an oil-based mud interferes with the geochemical analysis of cuttings and cores and with the determination of
434:, is added to the water and air mixture to create specific conditions. A foaming agent is a good example of a polymer.
3532:
2836:
2589:
2023:
1946:
1822:
1601:
1574:
1487:
1376:
492:
The mud pits allow the drilled "fines" to settle and the mud to be treated by adding chemicals and other substances.
200:
131:
109:
74:
102:
3421:
3074:
2569:
2266:
2261:
2072:
1522:
811:
Skin damage or any reduction in natural formation porosity and permeability (washout) constitutes formation damage
3079:
2637:
2522:
2448:
1909:
1310:
1102:
794:) drilling fluids are used to reduce water activity and creates osmotic forces to prevent adsorption of water by
60:
1343:
3547:
3318:
2984:
2537:
2455:
2382:
1968:"Radiological and toxicity risk exposures of oil based mud: health implication on drilling crew in Niger Delta"
1652:
1314:
957:
Chemical and physical mud properties as well as wellbore conditions after drilling affect formation evaluation.
938:
Low solids, shear thinning drilling fluids such as polymer fluids, more efficient in transmit hydraulic energy.
814:
skin damage is the accumulation of residuals on the perforations and that causes a pressure drop through them.
2755:
2652:
2642:
2564:
293:
Liquid fluids are composed of natural and synthetic material in a mixed state, which can be of two types:
1072:
Hole near gauges, use proper hole cleaning techniques, pumping sweeps at TD, and perform wiper trip to shoe.
3600:
3527:
3522:
3059:
3044:
2493:
1325:
960:
Mud loggers examine cuttings for mineral composition, visual sign of hydrocarbons and recorded mud logs of
17:
1863:
1564:
3574:
3542:
2065:
887:
can support limited by mechanical capacity, increase depth so weight of drill-string and casing increase.
1456:
The test has a very large standard deviation, and samples that fail badly may pass easily upon retesting
3129:
2730:
2715:
2677:
2438:
2315:
1214:: The two types used are oil in water (oil emulsion muds) and water in oil (invert oil emulsion muds).
1176:
They are classified based on their fluid phase, alkalinity, dispersion and the type of chemicals used.
908:
1591:
3501:
3034:
2775:
2579:
1753:
1094:
Unlined drilling fluid sumps were commonplace before the environmental consequences were recognized.
1069:
To cement and completion operation properly, mud displace by flushes and cement. For effectiveness;
234:
96:
3595:
3552:
3426:
2483:
2475:
2426:
2377:
2297:
2182:
2177:
1453:
These animals are not native to many of the areas regulated by them, including the Gulf of Mexico
1303:
933:
Drill string pressure loses higher in fluids of higher densities, plastic viscosities and solids.
868:
648:
841:
Specially designed drill-in fluids or workover and completion fluids, minimize formation damage.
3029:
2770:
2460:
2310:
2147:
2122:
1891:
1537:
912:
688:
invades permeable formations and a filter cake of mud solids is deposited on the wellbore wall.
604:
Drilling mud must suspend drill cuttings and weight materials under a wide range of conditions.
113:
1936:
1195:– There are 4 types: high pH lime muds, low pH gypsum, seawater and saturated salt water muds.
974:
Potential productive zone are isolated and performed formation testing and drill stem testing.
3406:
2848:
2831:
2765:
2527:
2394:
2347:
2320:
2162:
2114:
1165:
1803:
Clark, Peter E. (1995-01-01). "Drilling Mud
Rheology and the API Recommended Measurements".
1436:
A new monthly toxicity test is also now performed to determine sediment toxicity, using the
1350:
715:
Depending on the mud system in use, a number of additives can improve the filter cake (e.g.
658:
Well being under control means no uncontrollable flow of formation fluids into the wellbore.
461:
because the base fluid cannot be distinguished from oil that is returned from the formation.
3303:
2973:
2735:
2617:
2443:
2416:
2399:
2325:
2157:
1913:
1492:
1467:
1106:
1011:
824:
665:
forces, which can render wellbores unstable even when formation fluid pressure is balanced.
273:
820:
Mud or drill solids invade the formation matrix, reducing porosity and causing skin effect
548:
441:
types of clay processed and sold as additives for the WBM system. The most common type is
8:
3451:
3396:
3323:
3212:
3024:
2942:
2622:
2488:
1728:
1477:
703:
For effectiveness, bridging agents must be over the half size of pore spaces / fractures.
620:
Drill cuttings that are suspended must be balanced with properties in cutting removal by
66:
171:
3298:
2720:
2330:
2230:
2088:
2003:
1839:
218:
2745:
996:
Drill-string and casing in continuous contact with drilling fluid may cause a form of
607:
Drill cuttings that settle can cause bridges and fill, which can cause stuck pipe and
3446:
2574:
2549:
2352:
2337:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1987:
1967:
1942:
1818:
1697:
1648:
1597:
1570:
1512:
1507:
1445:. Various concentrations of the drilling mud are added to the environment of captive
783:
Oil- (and synthetic-oil-) based drilling fluids can be used to drill water-sensitive
707:
446:
323:
1449:
to determine its effect on the animals. The test is controversial for two reasons:
691:
Mud is designed to deposit thin, low permeability filter cake to limit the invasion.
416:
Air: Compressed air is pumped either down the bore hole's annular space or down the
3273:
2994:
2597:
2515:
2433:
2271:
2152:
1979:
1810:
1527:
1004:
791:
608:
538:
391:
383:
857:
Cool and transfer heat away from source and lower to temperature than bottom hole.
3506:
3496:
3238:
2989:
2878:
2804:
2607:
2602:
2532:
2500:
2411:
2127:
584:
the best methods for increasing hole cleaning in high-angle and horizontal wells.
375:
363:
277:
1424:, service personnel who monitor gas from the mud and collect well bore samples.
454:
3343:
3263:
3253:
3243:
3184:
3159:
2868:
2809:
2740:
2627:
2612:
2359:
2104:
1983:
836:
Mud filtrate and formation fluids form an emulsion, reducing reservoir porosity
621:
594:
571:
319:
3589:
3411:
3368:
3333:
2962:
2843:
2816:
2750:
2142:
1991:
1472:
1221:
845:
371:
282:
35:
30:
This article is about fluids used when drilling a well. For fluids used with
1109:, a large oil field in Ecuador where drillers were effectively unregulated.
484:
where it emerges from the top. Cuttings are then filtered out with either a
3471:
3401:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3144:
3124:
3069:
2853:
2821:
2760:
2657:
2559:
2465:
2342:
2276:
1999:
1778:"According the change of drilling fluid to understand under well condition"
1497:
1482:
1402:
1398:
1282:
485:
470:
417:
359:
258:
175:
700:
Use bridging agents to block large openings so mud solids can form a seal.
3441:
3363:
3313:
3134:
3104:
3049:
3039:
2725:
2404:
2387:
2305:
2167:
2137:
2132:
1777:
1517:
1502:
772:
Various chemical inhibitors can control mud/shale interactions (calcium,
564:
458:
379:
339:
304:
262:
254:
1389:
3491:
3358:
3348:
3114:
2952:
2858:
1716:
1317: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
833:
and formations fluids resulting in the precipitation of insoluble salts
753:
213:
31:
980:
Oil-based mud, lubricants, asphalts will mask hydrocarbon indications.
684:
Mud column pressure must exceed formation pressure; in this condition
3486:
3217:
3164:
3109:
3099:
3009:
2957:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2863:
2544:
2172:
2099:
2057:
1814:
1532:
1421:
997:
968:
961:
944:
Transfer information from MWD & LWD to surface by pressure pulse.
904:
861:
773:
758:
724:
716:
542:
442:
424:
335:
331:
312:
246:
225:
164:
1292:
1090:
261:, drilling fluids are also used for much simpler boreholes, such as
3481:
3461:
3456:
3436:
3431:
3207:
3197:
3119:
3054:
2826:
2554:
2510:
2505:
2369:
1437:
1145:
967:
Wireline logging measure – electrical, sonic, nuclear and magnetic
662:
488:
or the newer shale conveyor technology, and the mud returns to the
475:
367:
343:
327:
250:
160:
1193:
preventing the swelling and disintegrating of the shale formation.
430:
Air/polymer: A specially formulated chemical, typically a type of
3149:
3139:
3019:
3014:
2929:
1136:
884:
777:
720:
552:
431:
297:
3466:
3353:
3338:
3328:
3288:
3202:
1694:
Petroleum
Engineering Handbook, Volume II: Drilling Engineering
1590:
Caenn, Ryen; Darley, HCH; Gray, George R. (29 September 2011).
1044:
S, elevated the pH fluids + sulfide scavenging chemical (zinc).
1037:
trapped conditions cause corrosion damage in short period time.
765:
746:
Wellbore stability = hole maintains size and cylindrical shape.
644:
427:, flush the hole, provide more cooling, and/or to control dust.
355:
347:
495:
3248:
3222:
3192:
3154:
3094:
3089:
3084:
894:
795:
784:
1593:
Composition and
Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids
1566:
Petroleum
Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids
1057:
Cementing is critical to effective zone and well completion.
3476:
3416:
3169:
2647:
1645:
Oilwell
Drilling Engineering : Principles and Practice
529:
315:
2045:
The
Composition and Properties of Oil Well Drilling Fluids
987:
846:
Cool, lubricate, and support the bit and drilling assembly
823:
Swelling of formation clays within the reservoir, reduced
272:
The main functions of liquid drilling fluids are to exert
3308:
3174:
2947:
1978:(5). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 5387–5397.
574:
and elevated viscosities are efficient for hole cleaning.
362:
are used to reduce viscosity of clay-based muds; anionic
2043:
G. R. Gray, H. C. H. Darley, & W. F. Rogers (1980).
1696:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 2007. pp. 90–95.
2937:
1141:
Some factors affecting drilling fluid performance are:
1022:
948:
2031:
1965:
1048:
229:
Baryte powder used for preparation of water-based mud
3538:
1016:
May be deadly to humans after a short period of time
941:
Depth can be extended by controlling mud properties.
661:Hydrostatic pressure also controls the stress from
311:Water-based drilling mud most commonly consists of
1085:
593:One of the functions of drilling mud is to carry
3587:
1025:(acidic) aggravates corrosion, so use corrosion
1864:"10 Tips To Improve Drilling Fluid Performance"
1589:
588:
1583:
1171:
1137:Factors influencing drilling fluid performance
964:, ROP, gas detection or geological parameters.
802:
780:and oil – best for water-sensitive formations)
731:
634:
288:
2073:
2036:G. V. Chilingarian & P. Vorabutr (1983).
1972:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
1938:Environmental Technology in the Oil Industry
1420:The mud engineer is not to be confused with
787:in areas with difficult drilling conditions.
675:
423:Air/water: Air with water added to increase
790:To add inhibition, emulsified brine phase (
75:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2080:
2066:
895:Transmit hydraulic energy to tools and bit
221:down the drilling string on a drilling rig
27:Aid for drilling boreholes into the ground
1377:Learn how and when to remove this message
1116:Most common chemicals added to OBM Muds:
1003:Dissolved gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide,
829:Precipitation of solids due to mixing of
201:Learn how and when to remove this message
132:Learn how and when to remove this message
1934:
1751:
1618:"Oilfield Review Spring 2013: 25, no. 1"
1388:
1199:
1159:Corrosion or fatigue of the drill string
1089:
761:is known to limit bore hole enlargement.
547:
528:
494:
224:
212:
95:This article includes a list of general
3000:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
2016:The Drilling Fluids Processing Handbook
1162:Thermal stability of the drilling fluid
988:Control corrosion (in acceptable level)
524:
14:
3588:
2874:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
2633:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
2087:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1427:
1150:The change of drilling fluid viscosity
2061:
1889:
1840:"The Advantages Of Cold Root Rolling"
1802:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1642:
3005:China National Petroleum Corporation
2014:ASME Shale Shaker Committee (2005).
1837:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1562:
1315:adding citations to reliable sources
1286:
1179:
1153:The change of drilling fluid density
1007:) cause serious corrosion problems;
949:Ensure adequate formation evaluation
249:into the earth. Used while drilling
143:
81:
40:
2052:The Drilling Fluids cleaning system
1806:SPE Production Operations Symposium
1551:
1049:Facilitate cementing and completion
903:Hydraulic energy provides power to
719:, natural & synthetic polymer,
24:
3065:National Iranian South Oil Company
2781:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
1959:
1809:. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
1478:Drilling fluid decanter centrifuge
927:Maximum allowable surface pressure
860:If not, the bit, drill string and
354:, polyanionic cellulose (PAC), or
322:(baryte) to increase density, and
303:Oil; which could be usually using
245:, is used to aid the drilling of
101:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3612:
3533:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
3422:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
3075:Oil & Gas Development Company
1661:
1569:. Elsevier Science. p. 1-2.
1488:Environmental issues in Venezuela
1033:Mud aeration, foaming and other O
651:from pressurized formation fluid.
56:This article has multiple issues.
3570:
3569:
1523:MWD (measurement while drilling)
1291:
1079:Mud non-progressive gel strength
924:Pressure loss inside drillstring
555:absorbent for fluids in mud pits
148:
86:
45:
3080:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
1935:Orszulik, Stefan (2016-01-26).
1928:
1910:Environmental Protection Agency
1898:
1883:
1856:
1831:
1796:
1302:needs additional citations for
1276:
64:or discuss these issues on the
3548:Society of Petroleum Engineers
3319:Port Harcourt Refining Company
2985:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
1892:"How to become a mud engineer"
1770:
1745:
1721:
1710:
1647:. Springer. pp. 106–111.
1636:
1610:
1086:Minimize impact on environment
907:for bit rotation and for MWD (
163:format but may read better as
13:
1:
2494:Production sharing agreements
1544:
395:
318:(gel) with additives such as
3528:Canadian petroleum companies
3523:American Petroleum Institute
3060:National Iranian Oil Company
3045:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
2038:Drilling and Drilling Fluids
1890:Moore, Rachel (2017-07-05).
1782:Drilling Mud Cleaning System
1105:described the conditions at
589:Suspend and release cuttings
352:carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)
7:
3543:International Energy Agency
2528:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
2050:DCS Shale Shaker SUPPLIER.
1460:
1172:Drilling mud classification
803:Minimizing formation damage
776:, salt, polymers, asphalt,
732:Maintain wellbore stability
635:Control formation pressures
512:
289:Composition of drilling mud
10:
3617:
3130:PTT Public Company Limited
2731:East Midlands Oil Province
2716:List of natural gas fields
2316:Integrated asset modelling
1984:10.1007/s11356-019-07222-3
1280:
1235:Synthetic-based Muds (SBM)
909:measurement while drilling
559:Other properties include:
334:are used to influence the
34:during metal working, see
29:
3565:
3515:
3502:Weatherford International
3381:
3231:
3183:
3035:Iraq National Oil Company
2971:
2928:
2913:
2904:
2789:
2706:
2588:
2474:
2368:
2296:
2239:
2198:
2191:
2113:
2095:
867:Lubrication based on the
676:Seal permeable formations
506:explosion-proof certified
473:, mud is pumped from the
257:wells and on exploration
1407:drilling fluids engineer
864:would fail more rapidly.
706:Bridging agents include
622:solids control equipment
401:
235:geotechnical engineering
3553:World Petroleum Council
3427:China Oilfield Services
2484:Petroleum fiscal regime
2183:Western Canadian Select
2178:West Texas Intermediate
1752:Langewiesche, William.
1643:Rabia, Hussain (1986).
1563:Fink, Johannes (2011).
1442:Leptocheirus plumulosus
1040:When drilling in high H
869:coefficient of friction
563:Most drilling muds are
480:up through the surface
386:) are frequently used.
172:converting this article
116:more precise citations.
3030:Indian Oil Corporation
2516:Submersible pump (ESP)
2461:Underbalanced drilling
2282:of gasoline and diesel
2029:Kate Van Dyke (1998).
1538:Underbalanced drilling
1394:
1241:Air and Foam-based Mud
1095:
913:logging while drilling
556:
534:
521:can be summarized as:
500:
230:
222:
3407:Cameron International
2849:Petrodollar recycling
2832:fossil fuel phase-out
2395:Differential sticking
2348:Reflection seismology
2321:Petroleum engineering
2163:OPEC Reference Basket
1392:
1200:Non-dispersed systems
1166:Differential sticking
1093:
710:and ground cellulose.
551:
532:
498:
228:
216:
3304:Occidental Petroleum
2618:1990 oil price shock
2444:Shale oil extraction
2417:Drilling engineering
2400:Directional drilling
2326:Reservoir simulation
1624:. Schlumberger. 2013
1596:. Elsevier Science.
1493:Formation evaluation
1468:Directional drilling
1393:Mud pit with fly ash
1311:improve this article
1156:The change of mud pH
1012:catastrophic failure
817:Most common damage;
525:Remove well cuttings
509:borehole stability.
274:hydrostatic pressure
3601:Drilling technology
3452:Naftiran Intertrade
3397:Amec Foster Wheeler
3324:Reliance Industries
3213:Naftiran Intertrade
3025:Hindustan Petroleum
2623:2000s energy crisis
1871:Drilling Contractor
1428:Compliance engineer
1405:, or more properly
1103:Vanity Fair article
517:The functions of a
390:was the name for a
338:of the fluid, e.g.
3299:Marathon Petroleum
2721:List of oil fields
2331:Reservoir modeling
2089:Petroleum industry
1784:. 27 December 2012
1395:
1096:
557:
535:
501:
382:derivates such as
231:
223:
219:anti-foaming agent
174:, if appropriate.
3583:
3582:
3561:
3560:
3447:Nabors Industries
3377:
3376:
2575:Well intervention
2550:Petroleum product
2449:Ljungström method
2353:Seismic inversion
2338:Petroleum geology
2292:
2291:
1717:Oilfield Glossary
1703:978-1-55563-114-7
1513:Mud Gas Separator
1387:
1386:
1379:
1361:
1265:Non-damaging Muds
1253:High-density Muds
1180:Dispersed systems
930:Optimum flow rate
708:calcium carbonate
597:out of the hole.
570:Fluids that have
447:potassium formate
324:calcium carbonate
211:
210:
203:
193:
192:
142:
141:
134:
79:
16:(Redirected from
3608:
3573:
3572:
3274:Hess Corporation
2995:Bharat Petroleum
2926:
2925:
2911:
2910:
2598:1967 Oil Embargo
2434:Lost circulation
2272:Posted oil price
2196:
2195:
2153:Isthmus-34 Light
2082:
2075:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2011:
1953:
1952:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1916:on 15 April 2014
1912:. Archived from
1902:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1844:www.cjwinter.com
1835:
1829:
1828:
1815:10.2118/29543-MS
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1749:
1743:
1742:
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1725:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1690:
1659:
1658:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1560:
1528:Oil well control
1382:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1326:"Drilling fluid"
1319:
1295:
1287:
1005:hydrogen sulfide
792:calcium chloride
609:lost circulation
539:annular velocity
364:polyelectrolytes
278:formation fluids
241:, also known as
217:Driller pouring
206:
199:
188:
185:
179:
170:You can help by
152:
151:
144:
137:
130:
126:
123:
117:
112:this article by
103:inline citations
90:
89:
82:
71:
49:
48:
41:
21:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3557:
3511:
3507:John Wood Group
3497:Valaris Limited
3390:
3387:
3384:
3373:
3239:APA Corporation
3227:
3179:
2978:
2975:
2967:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2906:
2900:
2801:Classification
2785:
2708:
2702:
2638:Nationalization
2608:1979 oil crisis
2603:1973 oil crisis
2584:
2570:Water injection
2538:Steam injection
2533:Gas reinjection
2501:Artificial lift
2470:
2412:Drill stem test
2364:
2288:
2235:
2187:
2109:
2091:
2086:
1962:
1960:Further reading
1957:
1956:
1949:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1894:. Career Trend.
1888:
1884:
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1836:
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1139:
1088:
1051:
1043:
1036:
990:
951:
897:
848:
805:
734:
678:
637:
591:
527:
515:
404:
376:lignosulfonates
291:
207:
196:
195:
194:
189:
183:
180:
169:
153:
149:
138:
127:
121:
118:
108:Please help to
107:
91:
87:
50:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3614:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3596:Drilling fluid
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
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3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Surgutneftegas
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3264:Eneos Holdings
3261:
3256:
3254:ConocoPhillips
3251:
3246:
3244:Cenovus Energy
3241:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3185:Energy trading
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2871:
2869:Swing producer
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2741:Gulf of Mexico
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2628:2010s oil glut
2625:
2620:
2615:
2613:1980s oil glut
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2525:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2422:Drilling fluid
2419:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2360:Seismic source
2357:
2356:
2355:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2158:Japan Cocktail
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2105:Primary energy
2102:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2012:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1927:
1897:
1882:
1855:
1830:
1823:
1795:
1769:
1744:
1729:"drilling mud"
1720:
1709:
1702:
1660:
1653:
1635:
1609:
1602:
1582:
1575:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1429:
1426:
1385:
1384:
1299:
1297:
1290:
1281:Main article:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1222:Oil based muds
1209:
1206:Low solids mud
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1186:Freshwater mud
1181:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1146:Fluid Rheology
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1001:
989:
986:
985:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
965:
958:
950:
947:
946:
945:
942:
939:
936:
935:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
916:
896:
893:
892:
891:
888:
881:
878:
875:
872:
865:
858:
855:
847:
844:
843:
842:
839:
838:
837:
834:
827:
821:
815:
812:
804:
801:
800:
799:
788:
781:
770:
762:
750:
747:
744:
741:
733:
730:
729:
728:
713:
712:
711:
704:
701:
695:
692:
689:
677:
674:
673:
672:
669:
666:
659:
656:
652:
636:
633:
632:
631:
628:
625:
618:
615:
612:
605:
590:
587:
586:
585:
581:
578:
575:
572:shear thinning
568:
526:
523:
514:
511:
467:
466:
462:
450:
438:
435:
428:
421:
403:
400:
372:polyphosphates
320:barium sulfate
309:
308:
301:
290:
287:
239:drilling fluid
209:
208:
191:
190:
156:
154:
147:
140:
139:
94:
92:
85:
80:
54:
53:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3613:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3576:
3568:
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3514:
3508:
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3503:
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3498:
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3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
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3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
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3450:
3448:
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3435:
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3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
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3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3380:
3370:
3369:Valero Energy
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Suncor Energy
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2970:
2964:
2963:TotalEnergies
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2912:
2909:
2907:organisations
2905:Companies and
2903:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Petrocurrency
2842:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:Oil shale gas
2815:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2797:Abbreviations
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Permian Basin
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:United States
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2653:Seven Sisters
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:Core sampling
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:Indian Basket
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:0-7506-7775-9
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1950:
1948:9783319243344
1944:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1893:
1886:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1826:
1824:9781555634483
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1734:
1733:asiagilsonite
1730:
1724:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1605:
1603:9780123838599
1599:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1576:9780123838452
1572:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Driller (oil)
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:L. plumulosus
1444:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1381:
1378:
1370:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328: –
1327:
1323:
1322:Find sources:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1300:This section
1298:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1219:
1218:Oil based mud
1216:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1010:Cause rapid,
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
994:
993:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
966:
963:
959:
956:
955:
954:
943:
940:
937:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
919:
917:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
900:
889:
886:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
866:
863:
859:
856:
853:
852:
851:
840:
835:
832:
828:
826:
822:
819:
818:
816:
813:
810:
809:
808:
797:
793:
789:
786:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
760:
755:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
738:
737:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
705:
702:
699:
698:
696:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
681:
670:
667:
664:
660:
657:
653:
650:
646:
642:
641:
640:
629:
626:
623:
619:
616:
613:
610:
606:
603:
602:
601:
598:
596:
582:
579:
576:
573:
569:
566:
562:
561:
560:
554:
550:
546:
544:
540:
531:
522:
520:
510:
507:
497:
493:
491:
487:
483:
478:
477:
472:
463:
460:
456:
455:wildcat wells
451:
448:
444:
439:
436:
433:
429:
426:
422:
419:
415:
414:
413:
409:
408:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:deflocculants
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
314:
306:
302:
299:
296:
295:
294:
286:
284:
279:
275:
270:
266:
264:
260:
259:drilling rigs
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
227:
220:
215:
205:
202:
187:
178:is available.
177:
173:
167:
166:
162:
157:This article
155:
146:
145:
136:
133:
125:
115:
111:
105:
104:
98:
93:
84:
83:
78:
76:
69:
68:
63:
62:
57:
52:
43:
42:
37:
36:cutting fluid
33:
19:
3472:Schlumberger
3402:Baker Hughes
3294:Marathon Oil
3284:Imperial Oil
3279:Husky Energy
3269:Galp Energia
3259:Devon Energy
3145:Saudi Aramco
3125:Petrovietnam
3070:NNPC Limited
2974:National oil
2854:Petrofiction
2822:Orphan wells
2790:Other topics
2761:Persian Gulf
2688:Saudi Arabia
2658:Standard Oil
2466:Well logging
2421:
2343:Petrophysics
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2015:
1975:
1971:
1941:. Springer.
1937:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1914:the original
1900:
1885:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:
1858:
1847:. Retrieved
1843:
1833:
1805:
1798:
1788:26 September
1786:. Retrieved
1781:
1772:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:
1754:"Jungle Law"
1747:
1736:. Retrieved
1732:
1723:
1712:
1693:
1644:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1621:
1612:
1592:
1585:
1565:
1498:Heavy metals
1483:Drilling rig
1446:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1403:mud engineer
1399:drilling rig
1396:
1373:
1364:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1321:
1309:Please help
1304:verification
1301:
1283:Mud engineer
1277:Mud engineer
1272:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1234:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1191:
1185:
1175:
1140:
1115:
1111:
1100:
1097:
1052:
1030:composition.
991:
952:
918:Limited to:
898:
883:Weight that
849:
831:mud filtrate
825:permeability
806:
752:In sand and
735:
686:mud filtrate
679:
638:
599:
592:
558:
545:is too low.
536:
519:drilling mud
518:
516:
502:
489:
486:shale shaker
481:
474:
471:drilling rig
468:
418:drill string
410:
406:
405:
387:
310:
292:
271:
267:
243:drilling mud
242:
238:
232:
197:
181:
176:Editing help
158:
128:
119:
100:
72:
65:
59:
58:Please help
55:
18:Drilling mud
3442:Halliburton
3314:Phillips 66
3135:QatarEnergy
3105:Petrobangla
3040:KazMunayGas
2930:Supermajors
2879:heavy crude
2766:Prudhoe Bay
2746:Niger Delta
2726:Caspian Sea
2489:Concessions
2439:Measurement
2405:Geosteering
2388:Squeeze job
2298:Exploration
2247:Consumption
2206:Consumption
2199:Natural gas
2128:Bonny Light
1622:www.slb.com
1518:Mud systems
1503:Landfarming
1129:Emulsifiers
911:) and LWD (
565:thixotropic
459:API gravity
380:tannic acid
358:. In turn,
340:xanthan gum
326:(chalk) or
305:hydrocarbon
276:to prevent
263:water wells
255:natural gas
114:introducing
3590:Categories
3492:Transocean
3359:Tullow Oil
3349:TechnipFMC
3115:PetroChina
2953:ExxonMobil
2859:Shale band
2736:East Texas
2709:and fields
2523:Downstream
2476:Production
2383:Completion
2311:Geophysics
2252:Production
2211:Production
2148:Indonesian
2123:Argus Sour
2115:Benchmarks
1876:2017-08-28
1849:2017-08-28
1838:CJWinter.
1763:2017-08-28
1738:2023-07-30
1654:0860106616
1545:References
1422:mudloggers
1337:newspapers
1107:Lago Agrio
921:Pump power
862:mud motors
754:sandstones
332:thickeners
330:. Various
97:references
61:improve it
32:drill bits
3487:TC Energy
3388:companies
3218:Trafigura
3165:Sonatrach
3110:Petrobras
3100:Pertamina
3010:Ecopetrol
2976:companies
2920:companies
2918:petroleum
2894:tight oil
2889:oil shale
2884:oil sands
2864:Shale gas
2805:sweet oil
2776:Venezuela
2751:North Sea
2707:Provinces
2698:Venezuela
2545:Midstream
2240:Petroleum
2100:Petroleum
2008:209380825
1992:0944-1344
1533:Roughneck
1367:July 2024
1212:Emulsions
1123:Bentonite
998:corrosion
969:resonance
962:lithology
905:mud motor
774:potassium
769:problems.
759:bentonite
725:gilsonite
717:bentonite
655:wellbore.
543:viscosity
499:Fluid pit
490:mud pits.
443:bentonite
425:viscosity
392:Quebracho
384:Quebracho
378:(Lig) or
368:acrylates
336:viscosity
313:bentonite
283:drill bit
247:boreholes
184:July 2022
122:June 2008
67:talk page
3575:Category
3482:Subsea 7
3462:Petrofac
3457:NOV Inc.
3437:GE Power
3432:Enbridge
3386:services
3208:Mercuria
3198:Glencore
3160:Sonangol
3120:Petronas
3055:Naftogaz
2827:Peak oil
2810:sour oil
2565:Upstream
2560:Refining
2555:Pipeline
2511:Pumpjack
2506:Gas lift
2427:invasion
2370:Drilling
2257:Reserves
2216:Reserves
2000:31848949
1920:14 April
1758:The Hive
1461:See also
1438:amphipod
1098:Source:
1053:Source:
992:Source:
953:Source:
899:Source:
850:Source:
807:Source:
736:Source:
680:Source:
663:tectonic
639:Source:
600:Source:
595:cuttings
513:Function
476:mud pits
344:guar gum
328:hematite
3150:Sinopec
3140:Rosneft
3020:Gazprom
3015:Equinor
2943:Chevron
2590:History
2456:Tracers
2378:Blowout
2267:Exports
2262:Imports
2226:Exports
2221:Imports
1908:. U.S.
1628:27 June
1508:Mercury
1351:scholar
1027:coupons
885:derrick
778:glycols
721:asphalt
649:blowout
553:Fly Ash
533:Mud Pit
482:casing,
432:polymer
420:itself.
407:Source:
388:Red mud
298:Aqueous
110:improve
3516:Others
3467:Saipem
3364:Tüpraş
3354:TNK-BP
3339:Sunoco
3329:Repsol
3289:Lukoil
3232:Others
3203:Gunvor
2837:timing
2771:Russia
2683:Norway
2668:France
2663:Canada
2022:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1945:
1821:
1700:
1651:
1600:
1573:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1126:Diesel
1120:Baryte
796:shales
785:shales
766:shales
645:baryte
366:(e.g.
356:starch
348:glycol
159:is in
99:, but
3383:Major
3249:Cepsa
3223:Vitol
3193:Enron
3155:SOCAR
3095:Pemex
3090:PDVSA
3085:Orlen
3050:Lotos
2990:ANCAP
2958:Shell
2915:Major
2673:India
2277:Price
2231:Price
2173:Urals
2168:Tapis
2138:Dubai
2133:Brent
2004:S2CID
1867:(PDF)
1358:JSTOR
1344:books
1132:Water
1076:rate.
469:On a
402:Types
396:above
165:prose
3477:Snam
3417:CH2M
3170:TPAO
2678:Iraq
2648:OPEC
2643:GECF
2192:Data
2020:ISBN
1996:PMID
1988:ISSN
1943:ISBN
1922:2014
1819:ISBN
1790:2013
1698:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1630:2023
1598:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1330:news
1021:Low
723:and
316:clay
307:oil,
253:and
161:list
3412:CGG
3309:OMV
3175:YPF
2948:Eni
1980:doi
1811:doi
1313:by
1225:mud
764:In
265:.
251:oil
233:In
3592::
2938:BP
2580:XT
2018:.
2002:.
1994:.
1986:.
1976:27
1974:.
1970:.
1869:.
1842:.
1817:.
1780:.
1756:.
1731:.
1663:^
1620:.
1553:^
1220::
1023:pH
727:).
374:,
370:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
237:,
70:.
2081:e
2074:t
2067:v
2054:.
2047:.
2040:.
2033:.
2026:.
2010:.
1982::
1951:.
1924:.
1879:.
1852:.
1827:.
1813::
1792:.
1766:.
1741:.
1706:.
1657:.
1632:.
1606:.
1579:.
1380:)
1374:(
1369:)
1365:(
1355:·
1348:·
1341:·
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