575:, with instruments and vocals dropping in and out of the mix. The partial or total removal of vocals and other instruments tends to emphasise the bass guitar. The music sometimes features other noises, such as birds singing, thunder and lightning, water flowing, and producers shouting instructions at the musicians. It can be further augmented by live DJs. The many-layered sounds with varying echoes and volumes are often said to create soundscapes, or sound sculptures, drawing attention to the shape and depth of the space between sounds as well as to the sounds themselves. There is usually a distinctly organic feel to the music, even though the effects are electronically created.
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the
African American community, and how it was particularly one of the earliest group experiences that reshaped an "African psyche" into the beginning of an African American psyche. . . . Now, for example, you look at Black music and see certain structural things that really are about reclaiming this whole sense of absence, loss, not knowing. One of the things I'm thinking about is dub music . . . it ends up really speaking about common experiences because the structure of the music is about things dropping out and coming back in, really reclaiming this whole sense of loss, rupture, and repair that is very common across the experience of black people in the diaspora.
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late 1950s onwards via having local musicians record a song exclusively for play on a particular sound system to having exclusive mixes of a song on acetate, which became possible with the arrival of multi-track recording in
Jamaica. From the concept of a version with some or all of the vocal mixed out dubbed to acetate, the novelty-hungry sound system scene rapidly drove the evolution of increasingly creative mixes in the first few years of the 1970s. Within a few years the term dub became attached to these regardless of whether they were on an exclusive acetate or "dubplate". As the use of the term widened and evolved,
1561:, and were essential to the progression of dub. The remixes, often referred to as versions were the B-sides of a specific record. The dub musician would add in dramatic pauses and breakdowns in the version to make the song have a dub influence and feel. The artists who were using the sound system to create dub tracks would refer to their creation of remixes of certain records versioning. In the setting of a sound system, versions allow for more vocal improvisation and expressions from the
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dub's use of reverb a "sonic metaphor for the condition of diaspora." Veal wrote that dub creators used echo and reverb to elicit memories of
African culture in their listeners. King Tubby, Lee Perry, Eroll Thompson, Mad Professor, Jah Shaka, Denis Bovell and Linton Kwesi Johnson influenced rock musicians. From the 1980s forward, dub has been influenced by, and has in turn influenced,
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1081:' song "Fopp" alongside a more traditional rock cover of the song. DJs appeared towards the end of the 1990s who specialised in playing music by these musicians, such as the UK's Unity Dub. In the UK, Europe, and America, independent record producers continue to produce dub. Before forming The Mars Volta,
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those group experiences that reconfigure who we are as a community. One of the critical primal sites would be the Middle
Passage. If you understand the level of horror directed towards a group of people, then you start getting some sense of the magnitude, impact, and level of trauma that that had on
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At the time
Jamaica gained independence from Britain in 1962, the culture was in flux, and the country was experiencing a form of identity crisis. Throughout the 40's and 50's Jamaican audiences had come to favor American R&B records over locally produced music. Jamaican sound system culture and
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peoples, whose culture reflects the experience of dislocation, alienation and remembrance. Through the creation of space-filling soundscapes, faded echoes, and repetition within musical tracks, Dub artists are able to tap into such
Afrofuturist concepts as the nonlinearity of time and the projection
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project. In 2022 was released Sly & Robbie vs. Roots Radics "The Dub Battle" produced by the
Argentine artist and dub engineer Hernan "Don Camel" Sforzini, this work is the first to reunite all the legends of dub in one album dubbing the entire "The Final Battle" album, Grammy nominated in 2019.
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Yale professor
Michael Veal described dub as "the sound of a society tearing itself apart at the seams". His book, "Starship Africa", says that the African diaspora is reflected in dub by the "extensive use of reverberation/delay devices and the fragmentation of the song surface" – he considers
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As they worked, Case gradually became aware of the music that pulsed constantly through the cluster. It was called dub, a sensuous mosaic cooked from vast libraries of digitalized pop; it was worship, Molly said, and a sense of community. Case heaved at one of the yellow sheets; the thing was light
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Jamaican soundsystems had always sought exclusive recordings from their origins in the late 1940s. However, when they played
American rhythm & blues records through the 1950s, these were simply records that rival sound system operators didn't have and couldn't identify. This progressed from the
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of dub tracks began to be produced; these could be, variously: a collection of new dub mixes of riddims previously used on various singles, usually by a single producer; the dub version of an existing vocal LP with dub mixes of all the tracks; or, least commonly, a selection of previously unissued
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At the same time, dub music's role in the Black musical canon marks a theme of the diaspora the music was birthed from. Due to the sonic structure of echoes and reverberations, dub can create a dream-like world symbolizing the generational trauma of
African diaspora as a result of slavery. This
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It is possible that the existing use of the word dub for other meanings in Jamaica around the time of the music's origin may have helped to cement its use in the musical context. The most frequent meanings referred to either a form of erotic dance or sexual intercourse; such usage is frequently
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The sound system has had a prevalent spot in music production in Jamaica for well over 60 years. The true importance and relationship between the sound system and dub music can be found in the dubbed out versions of sounds that became the source of Dub music. These dubbed out versions of songs
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is Africa in the New World, then dub must be Africa on the moon; it's the psychedelic music I expected to hear in the '60s and didn't. The bass and drums conjure up a dark, vast space, a musical portrait of outer space, with sounds suspended like glowing planets or the fragments of instruments
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careening by, leaving trails like comets and meteors. Dub is a kaleidoscopic musical montage which takes sounds originally intended as interlocking parts of another arrangement and using them as raw material, converts them into new and different sounds; then, in its own
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have produced music in the 21st century. New artists continue to preserve the traditional dub sound, some with slight modifications but with a primary focus on reproducing the original characteristics of the sound in a live environment. Some of these artists include
434:, an when it start, Smithy (recording engineer Byron Smith) look like 'im start bring on the voice and Ruddy's say: no, mek it run and 'im take the whole backing track off it. 'Im say, alright, run it again, and put in the voice. 'Im didn't do no more like that yet."
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Dub has continued to evolve, its popularity waxing and waning with changes in musical fashion. Almost all reggae singles still carry an instrumental version on the B-side and these are still used by the sound systems as a blank canvas for live singers and DJs.
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introduced a new era of creativity in reggae music. From their beginning, toasting and dub music developed together and influenced each other. The development of sound system culture influenced the development of studio techniques in Jamaica, and the earliest
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for retail sale. Initially, these acetates would simply be the standard recording of a song that was yet to be released on a single; around 1968–69, however, they started to be exclusive mixes with some or all of the vocal mixed out. Producer
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could use a recording he owned to produce numerous versions from a single studio session. A version was also an opportunity for a producer or remix engineer to experiment and express their more creative side. The version was typically the
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dub mixes, one can hear sonic elements of screeching tires, gun fire, and police sirens. Artist Arthur Jafa said this about dub music and the diaspora in 1994 during a keynote address at the Organization of Black Designers Conference:
442:"The next day now, 'im start it and just bring in the riddim. Or...down in the tune, bring a little voice and drop it out again...yes. Ruddy use to handle that part himself, drop in the voice and drop it out. All Smithy do was
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B-sides album. Some controversy still exists on whether pop-ska bands like No Doubt can regard themselves as a part of dub lineage. Other bands followed in the footsteps of No Doubt, fusing pop-ska and dub influences, such as
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simultaneously recognized that there was an active market for this new "dub" sound and consequently they started to release the first albums strictly consisting of dub. In the spring of 1973, Lee "Scratch" Perry released
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This album includes the last dubs produced by Lee "Scratch" Perry and Bunny "Striker" Lee, also dub versions produced by King Jammy, Mad Professor, Dennis Bovell, Don Camel and two unreleased dub versions of King Tubby.
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operators; playing a song as an exclusive recording on a sound system was a good way for a producer to test the potential popularity of a recording before committing to the pressing of hundreds or thousands of copies of
801:, widely considered to have been the first deliberately thematic dub album, with tracks specifically mixed in the dub style for the purpose of appearing together on an LP, and King Tubby released his two debut albums
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them together. From this point on, they started to call such tracks "versions". Another source puts 1967 and not 1968 as the initial year of the practice of putting instrumental versions of reggae tracks to the
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By 1973, through the efforts of several independent and competitive innovators, engineers, and producers, instrumental reggae "versions" from various studios had evolved into "dub" as a subgenre of reggae.
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is the person who speaks over the record. This is not to be confused with the American term DJ, which refers to the one in charge of selecting the tracks at an event with music. This role is known as the
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soundscape and the Jamaican Sound System, dub artists were able to creatively manipulate these dubbed out versions or remixes of songs. These dub remixes were heavily influenced with effects, vocal
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record producers in collaboration with prominent DJs decided to supply 12 inch singles with alternate dub mixes, predating the era of "remixes". Reflected in the production of records such as
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the initial motivation to experiment with instrumental tracks and studio mixing was correcting the riddim until it had a "feel," so a singer, for instance, could comfortably sing over it.
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would be an individual who deals with a mechanical system consisting of musical amplification and diffusion. This would include turntables, speakers, and a PA system. In this system the
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of the vocal track over the instrumental. The invention was a success, and Ruddy needed to play the instrumental continuously for half an hour to an hour that day. The next day
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of The Paragons hit "On The Beach". Engineer Byron Smith left the vocal track out by accident, but Redwood kept the result and played it at his next dance with his deejay Wassy
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to dub, and is also among the pioneers and creators of the genre. Similar experiments with recordings at the mixing desk outside the dancehall scene were also done by producers
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After describing how Redwood then had his deejay first play the vocal version and then the instrumental version at a dance, and how popular this novelty was, Lee continued:
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From those basics, 'Bela Lugosi's Dead' crackles in on percussion alone, a tapping, rattling rhythm into which a three-note bass line only gradually intrudes itself before
602:", or alternately, the later developed slang terms: "Microphone Commander" or "Mic Control"), and the person choosing the music and operating the turntables is called the "
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in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is commonly considered a subgenre of reggae, though it has developed to extend beyond that style. Generally, dub consists of
430:"Yeah...it was really VERSION those days - it wasn't dub yet beca' it was jus' the riddim. One day an incident: Ruddy's (sound system operator Ruddy Redwood) was
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being the most famous. It was also the time when dub made its influence known in the work of harder edged, experimental producers such as Mikey Dread with
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and others demonstrate clear dub influences in their respective genres, and their innovations have in turn influenced the mainstream of the dub genre.
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Side by side with reggae at this time (early 1980s) running B side dub mixes, a rising number of American (mostly New York state and New Jersey-based)
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It was in this sense that the term was first used in the Jamaican recording industry: new recordings were often initially copied onto one-off
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dub music helped cement Jamaican musical forms into Jamaican national cultural identity in this critical time in the nation's development.
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and with "Sound Effects" credited to Derrick Harriott, was one of the first strictly instrumental reggae albums on its release in 1970.
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of existing recordings created by significantly manipulating the original, usually through the removal of vocal parts, emphasis of the
1527:"We monitor many frequencies. We listen always. Came a voice, out of the babel of tongues, speaking to us. It played us a mighty dub."
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Dub music is characterized by a "version" or "double" of an existing song, often instrumental, initially almost always pressed on the
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to be slightly different each time, so they would order numerous copies of the same record from a studio, each with a different mix.
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Another reason to experiment with mixing was rivalry among sound systems. Sound systems' sound men wanted the tracks they played at
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would create dub music using live instruments such as trumpets rather than studio equipment, and became a precursor to club music.
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of past sounds into an unknown future space. In a 1982 essay, Luke Ehrlich describes Dub through this particular scope:
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also penned "Souvlaki Space Station" and their instrumental "Moussaka Chaos" as a testimony of dub influence, while the
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Gilroy, Paul. 1993. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
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understanding of dub gives it the power to take on the darker emotions related to the diaspora, including violence. In
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At the heart of reggae and Jamaican culture lies the sound system. In the early 1950s the sound system consisted of a
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that they needed to make some more instrumental tracks, as "them people love" them, and they dubbed out vocals from "
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Veal, M., 2007. Dub: songscapes and shattered Songs in Jamaican reggae. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
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in the sound system dub culture, who also plays a vital role in the system, especially in Jamaican dancehalls.
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among others, were toasting over instrumental versions of reggae and developing instrumental reggae music.
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from France. More eclectic use of dub techniques are apparent in the work of BudNubac, which mixes Cuban
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with their song "King Bullshit" and the intro to "Time Machine" have explored and experimented with dub.
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and more commonly known as "Blackboard Jungle Dub". It is considered a landmark recording of this genre.
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In 1973, at least three producers, Lee "Scratch" Perry and the Aquarius studio engineer/producer team of
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is heavily influenced by Jamaican musical aesthetics and production techniques, even recording their
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Steve Barrow, sleeve notes of "Dub Gone Crazy", Blood And Fire Records, BAFCD 002, February 1994
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Since the inception of dub in the late 1960s, its history has been intertwined with that of the
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of a single, and used for experimenting and providing something for DJs to talk over, while the
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Veal, Michael (2007). "8: Starship Africa: The Acoustics of Diaspora and of the Postcolony".
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album). As well, the English group Ruts DC, a post-Malcolm Owen incarnation of the legendary
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Chris Roberts, Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind Rhyme, Thorndike Press, 2006 (
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Multi-Ethnic Britain 2000+: New Perspectives in Literature, Film and the Arts, p. 263
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and referred to adding a soundtrack to a film; it is an informal abbreviation of the word
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has gone on record regarding the influence of Reggae and Dub on his bass playing style.
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David Katz, sleeve notes of Auralux reissue of Upsetters 14 Dub Blackboard Jungle, 2004
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as an instrument, manipulating tracks to come up with something new and different. The
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and format, it continually reshuffles these new sounds into unusual juxtapositions.
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records and typically emphasizing the drums and bass for a sound popular in local
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this one!" in live concerts to mean, "put an emphasis on bass and drums". Drummer
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was widely used by dub producers in the 1970s to produce echo and delay effects.
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Caribbean popular music: an encyclopedia of reggae, mento, ska, rock steady, p.94
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Mastering Digital Audio Production: The Professional Music Workflow with Mac OS X
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Contemporary instances are also called "dubtronica", "dub-techno", "steppers" or
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tracks. Dub was adopted by some punk rock groups of the 90s, with bands such as
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David J: "We were very influenced by reggae, especially dub. I mean, basically
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Strange Bedfellows: Brits like Groove Corporation refile dub under electronica
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play dub influenced songs; one of the first such bands to become popular was
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was more often dedicated to the original vocal-oriented track. In the 1970s,
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of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works.
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but still awkward. Zion smelled of cooked vegetables, humanity, and ganja.
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is Jamaican slang for female genitalia), Big Joe and Fay's "Dub a Dawta" (
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William Gibson frequently mentions dub in the 1984 science fiction novel
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Traditional dub has survived, and some of the originators of dub such as
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Larkin, Colin: "The Virgin Encyclopedia of Reggae", 1998, Virgin Books,
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in collaboration with, and performing live with, Lee "Scratch" Perry);
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were highly influenced by dub music, so far that Bauhaus' bass player,
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in a recording context originated in the late 1920s with the advent of
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based reggae, the performer using a microphone is referred to as the "
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writing original songs in a dub style. Often, bands considered to be
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worked on collaborations involving Jamaican dub reggae creators like
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247:(the stripped-down drum-and-bass track is sometimes referred to as a
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949:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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2464:
When Dancehall was Nice - In the 80s Dancehall Reggae Reggae Recall
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Discographies: dance music, culture and the politics of sound, p.79
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from Los Angeles; German artists like Disrupt and Rootah from the
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and other members, recorded a series of dub albums under the name
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from the UK, who has released several influential albums through
1287:
1230:
1212:
995:
635:
560:
555:. A "version" is an alternative cut of a song made for the DJ to
525:
However, all three of these songs were recorded after the use of
366:
302:. These producers, especially Ruddock and Perry, looked upon the
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84:
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2499:
1562:
1554:
1491:
1486:
1395:(who have remixed material by Lee "Scratch" Perry and Ari Up);
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take heavy influences from dub, mixing the genre with original
1130:
725:
700:
609:
A major reason for producing multiple versions was economic; a
342:
248:
236:
206:
162:
112:
55:
30:
For the process of transferring or copying audio material, see
2329:
Ehrlich, Luke. "X-Ray Music: The Volatile History of Dub", in
4953:
4876:
4383:
4253:
3617:
3393:
2870:
2568:
2424:"Replicant: On Dub" by David Toop; Chapter 51, Pages 355–356.
1976:
Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.53
1958:
Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.52
1868:
Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey
1828:
Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.61
1819:
Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.62
1553:
consisted of the original track, without the vocals. Through
496:
468:
240:
2463:
1751:
Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.1
1735:
Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.4
1726:
Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.3
1631:
Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.2
1468:
Dub music is in conversation with the cultural aesthetic of
5070:
4852:
4837:
4594:
2317:"Sly & Robbie vs Roots Radics comparten the Dub Battle"
1997:"In Dub - Mute Beat | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards"
1874:
1379:, Earl Maxton, Calbert Walker, and Douglass & Degraw),
1229:
There are also some British punk bands creating dub music.
1166:
864:
were heavily influenced by dub. Better-known bands such as
845:
1096:
887:'s "Reach Up", and artists mostly on New York City labels
667:"Versions" and experiments with studio mixing (Late 1960s)
2468:
1914:
Cut 'n' mix: culture, identity, and Caribbean music, p.83
1157:
placed dub music alongside their faster and more intense
1022:, with electronic dub sound. Musicians and bands such as
745:
500:
499:'s "Sister Maggie Breast" features several references on
65:
1322:, acknowledged the influence of dub on their 2001 album
868:, The Clash and UB40 helped popularize Dub, with UB40's
517:
Slip you got to slide you got to open your crotches wide
2082:"Creation Rebel / New Age Steppers: Threat to Creation"
2045:
Dub: Soundscapes and Shattered Songs in Jamaican Reggae
1905:
Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae
1660:
Dub: Soundscapes and Shattered Songs in Jamaican Reggae
652:
2452:
2412:
Dub: Songscapes and Shattered Songs in Jamaican Reggae
872:
album being the first dub album to hit the UK top 40.
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1121:, was covered by the Clash on their first album) and
606:" (sometimes referred to as the DJ in other genres).
484:
2956:
2119:
1587:
812:
586:
lyrics. These are called "DJ Versions". In forms of
1485:With dub, Jamaican music spaced out completely. If
475:present in names of reggae songs, for instance, of
313:Dub has influenced many genres of music, including
1738:
3008:
2182:"40 Years of Bauhaus - An Interview with David J"
671:In 1968, Kingston, Jamaica sound system operator
5102:
2350:
2348:
1870:. London: Headline Book Publishing. p. 100.
1836:
1834:
515:Say little sister you can run but you can't hide
463:similarly points to a usage of the related term
2390:The Billboard Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music
1423:, Boom One Sound System, and Dubsmith from the
529:for a style of remixing was already prevalent.
1371:from Sweden; New York City artists, including
1239:album, featuring the track "Dub No. 1", while
807:Surrounded by the Dreads at the National Arena
2994:
2484:
2345:
1831:
1806:
1804:
1363:from Vienna, Austria (who recorded the album
251:), the application of studio effects such as
1923:
1880:
1662:, pages 26-44, "Electronic Music in Jamaica"
1536:The most straightforward explanation of the
1463:
1185:. In addition, dub influenced some types of
832:became a new centre for dub production with
2033:, 14 August 2003, retrieved 8 November 2009
1954:
1952:
1950:
1840:
1476:, this genre is regarded as the product of
3001:
2987:
2491:
2477:
1917:
1801:
1141:(Roir session), with the expertise of the
5076:Music technology (electronic and digital)
1722:
1720:
1692:
1627:
1625:
1451:with dub techniques. Modern dub producer
965:Learn how and when to remove this message
2414:. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press.
2387:
2234:
1947:
1865:
1813:
1686:
1531:
634:
286:and others beginning in the late 1960s.
2455:Links to labels, websites and resources
2419:Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music
2262:from the original on 26 November 2012.
2010:
1762:Popular Music Culture: The Key Concepts
1097:Influence of dub on punk and rock music
627:original riddims mixed in a dub style.
14:
5103:
1994:
1717:
1622:
1455:has received critical acclaim for his
1290:mentioned that their signature song, "
746:Evolution of dub as a subgenre (1970s)
2982:
2861:Caribbean music in the United Kingdom
2472:
2396:: Billboard Books. pp. 356–357.
1670:
317:, most significantly the subgenre of
2762:Reggae bands from the Virgin Islands
2240:
2042:
1294:", "was our interpretation of dub".
914:
762:and the Crystallites, engineered by
357:. Dub was a basis for the genres of
1651:
1345:
910:
860:label. Many bands characterized as
24:
2727:Reggae Grammy winners 1985-present
2381:
2215:"Bauhaus invent goth | Music"
2108:Louder Killing Joke: In Dub review
2079:
1215:featuring dub influences on their
781:Upsetters 14 Dub Blackboard Jungle
532:
373:continue to produce new material.
365:, as well as a major influence on
34:. For the UK garage subgenre, see
25:
5147:
5081:Recording studio as an instrument
2428:
1411:from San Francisco and Colorado,
905:
856:and the roster of artists on his
813:Dub history (Early 1980s–present)
695:record excited the people at the
642:was an early pioneer of the genre
578:Often these tracks are used for "
4239:Christian electronic dance music
2959:
2246:"Review of "Bela Lugosi's Dead""
1590:
1318:, singer with British rock band
919:
707:who was a witness to this, told
2357:
2336:
2323:
2309:
2291:
2273:
2207:
2202:was our interpretation of dub."
2165:
2145:
2113:
2101:
2073:
2061:
2036:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1908:
1899:
1859:
1822:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1611:List of electronic music genres
235:musical style that grew out of
2388:Du Noyer, Paul (2003). "Dub".
2281:"Marillion fans to the rescue"
1754:
1729:
1634:
1407:from Rochester, New York; the
1405:Giant Panda Guerilla Dub Squad
1077:released a dub version of the
784:, mixed in collaboration with
13:
1:
5044:Electronic musical instrument
2047:. Wesleyan University Press.
1616:
1139:Rhythm Collision Dub Volume 1
1073:In 1987, US grunge rock band
582:" rapping heavily rhymed and
272:Osbourne "King Tubby" Ruddock
2367:. Debate.uvm.edu. 1998-02-17
7:
2110:Retrieved 13 September 2021
1883:More Brilliant Than the Sun
1583:
1282:The British post-punk band
945:the claims made and adding
821:In 1986, the Japanese band
479:' "Dub the Pum Pum" (where
10:
5152:
2498:
2120:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas.
1251:ethics and attitudes. The
1193:. No Doubt's fifth album,
1189:, including bands such as
630:
536:
453:Bob Marley and The Wailers
29:
27:Electronic style of reggae
5066:Electronics in rock music
5027:Digital audio workstation
5009:
4924:
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4736:
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4216:
3663:
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3048:
3034:
3017:
2954:
2843:
2770:
2757:Jamaican record producers
2719:
2663:
2508:
2410:Veal, Michael E. (2007).
1780:Living through pop, p.107
1693:Truesdell, Cliff (2007).
1666:Wesleyan University Press
1464:Afrofuturism and Diaspora
1334:, founder and bassist of
902:influenced by dub music.
803:At the Grass Roots of Dub
699:and they started singing
559:over (a form of Jamaican
276:Hopeton "Scientist" Brown
219:
214:
193:
188:
181:
176:
90:
79:
48:
43:
5121:Jamaican styles of music
2851:List of reggae festivals
1441:Moonlight Dub Experiment
1409:Heavyweight Dub Champion
883:' "Don't Make Me Wait",
683:studio to cut a one-off
400:, known colloquially as
5126:Electronic music genres
4974:Progressive electronica
4014:Intelligent dance music
3142:Sound system (Jamaican)
2906:Sound system (Jamaican)
2459:Allmusic's Essay on Dub
2070:Retrieved 31 March 2021
1866:Brewster, Bill (1999).
1310:Kitchens of Distinction
1183:Long Beach Dub Allstars
673:Rudolph "Ruddy" Redwood
489:is Jamaican patois for
485:
412:, for exclusive use by
376:
3295:List of hip hop genres
3021:Electronic dance music
2443:A short history of dub
2016:Doherty, Greg (2003) "
1529:
1524:
1511:
1496:
1472:. Having emerged from
1439:from the Netherlands;
1393:Subatomic Sound System
1365:Return from Planet Dub
1312:released "Anvil Dub".
1133:influenced punk group
713:Ain't Too Proud To Beg
643:
523:
448:
436:
351:electronic dance music
270:and producers such as
3457:Electronic body music
3105:Electroacoustic music
2742:Reggae fusion artists
2417:Cox and Warner, eds.
2331:Reggae Interventional
1924:Dacks, David (2007).
1881:Eshun, Kodwo (1998).
1701:John Wiley & Sons
1657:Michael Veal (2013),
1538:Jamaican sound system
1532:Jamaican Sound System
1525:
1519:
1506:
1483:
1443:from Costa Rica; and
984:dubtronica/dub techno
795:released his classic
754:The innovative album
691:over the rhythm. The
638:
505:
440:
428:
266:Dub was pioneered by
259:, and the occasional
4754:Hyperpop microgenres
3418:Contemporary R&B
2747:Roots reggae artists
2068:BBC Culture Club Dub
1841:Toop, David (2001).
1115:Police & Thieves
600:Master of Ceremonies
521:Peace and love abide
381:The use of the word
4364:Mainstream hardcore
3738:Chopped and screwed
3127:Elektronische Musik
3081:List of rock genres
3012:-based music styles
2737:Reggae rock artists
2124:Screaming Life/Fopp
1760:Roy Shuker (2012),
1606:List of dub artists
1385:Easy Star All-Stars
1352:Lee "Scratch" Perry
1117:", co-written with
1111:Lee "Scratch" Perry
870:Present Arms In Dub
640:Lee "Scratch" Perry
467:to mean using only
321:and other kinds of
280:Lee "Scratch" Perry
268:recording engineers
221:List of dub artists
4573:Kawaii future bass
4553:Deconstructed club
3706:Breakbeat hardcore
3598:Martial industrial
3588:Industrial hip hop
3469:Ethnic electronica
3452:Electro-industrial
2896:Dance Hall (venue)
2421:. Continuum: 2004.
2365:"The Sound System"
2161:. 20 January 2015.
2023:2014-08-08 at the
1845:. Serpent's Tail.
1292:Bela Lugosi's Dead
1236:Civil Disobedients
1218:Everything in Time
930:possibly contains
828:In the 1980s, the
644:
387:"talking pictures"
5098:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5022:Data sonification
4772:
4771:
4759:Plugg microgenres
4744:Breakcore revival
4709:Slowed and reverb
4389:Post-punk revival
4090:Progressive house
4009:Industrial techno
3681:Asian underground
3613:Power electronics
3389:Alternative dance
3248:Afro/cosmic music
3203:Psychedelic music
2976:
2975:
2911:Sound system (DJ)
2720:People and groups
2581:Reggae en Español
2449:Footnoted Article
2254:. San Francisco:
1930:Exclaim! Magazine
1885:. Quartet Books.
1445:Stand High Patrol
1209:Kingston, Jamaica
1105:scene in the UK.
975:
974:
967:
932:original research
308:Roland Space Echo
226:
225:
49:Stylistic origins
16:(Redirected from
5143:
4994:Video game music
4843:Acid house party
4781:
4780:
4728:Weird SoundCloud
4615:Melbourne bounce
4433:Shangaan electro
3994:Harsh noise wall
3753:Digital hardcore
3593:Industrial metal
3213:Psychedelic rock
3208:Psychedelic funk
3198:Progressive rock
3132:Live electronics
3115:Musique concrète
3110:Acousmatic music
3056:Amplified guitar
3046:
3045:
3041:decade of origin
3003:
2996:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2921:Jamaican English
2866:Music of Jamaica
2732:Reggae musicians
2564:Nyabinghi rhythm
2512:
2502:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2447:A History of Dub
2407:
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2040:
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2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1932:. Archived from
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1915:
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1655:
1649:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1425:Boom One Records
1346:21st-century dub
1257:Public Image Ltd
1211:, and producing
1151:Washington, D.C.
1040:Public Image Ltd
1036:New Age Steppers
970:
963:
959:
956:
950:
947:inline citations
923:
922:
915:
911:Influence of dub
900:electronic music
760:Derrick Harriott
539:Music of Jamaica
488:
455:used the order "
91:Derivative forms
80:Cultural origins
41:
40:
21:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5090:
5005:
4942:Chill-out music
4920:
4768:
4732:
4501:
4212:
4075:Nu skool breaks
3659:
3372:
3307:Industrial rock
3236:
3178:Electronic rock
3151:
3066:Hawaiian guitar
3039:
3030:
3013:
3007:
2977:
2972:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2950:
2926:Jamaican Patois
2856:Caribbean music
2839:
2766:
2715:
2664:Characteristics
2659:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2441:Melting Pot Dub
2431:
2404:
2384:
2382:Further reading
2379:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2328:
2324:
2315:
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2279:
2278:
2274:
2256:All Media Guide
2239:
2235:
2226:
2224:
2213:
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2208:
2191:
2189:
2188:. Post-Punk.com
2180:
2177:Wayback Machine
2170:
2166:
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2136:
2134:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2087:Pitchfork Media
2080:Raymer, Miles.
2078:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2041:
2037:
2030:Miami New Times
2025:Wayback Machine
2015:
2011:
2002:
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1993:
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1703:. p. 310.
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1591:
1589:
1586:
1534:
1466:
1457:Twilight Circus
1437:Twilight Circus
1421:Twisted Records
1397:Dub is a Weapon
1375:(also known as
1369:Liquid Stranger
1348:
1275:. Their track "
1233:released their
1155:Blind Idiot God
1099:
1060:Adrian Sherwood
971:
960:
954:
951:
936:
924:
920:
913:
908:
854:Adrian Sherwood
815:
771:Herman Chin Loy
748:
669:
633:
611:record producer
541:
535:
533:Characteristics
518:
516:
512:
477:The Silvertones
379:
300:Herman Chin Loy
172:
75:
39:
32:Dubbing (music)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4999:Adaptive music
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4774:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4691:
4689:Tropical house
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4662:Riddim (genre)
4659:
4649:
4644:
4642:Outsider house
4639:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4543:Brazilian bass
4540:
4535:
4533:Big room house
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4482:Vocaloid music
4479:
4478:
4477:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4332:Hypnagogic pop
4329:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4046:Minimal techno
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4019:Drill 'n' bass
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3970:Lento violento
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3935:Belgian techno
3927:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3721:Toytown techno
3718:
3716:Happy hardcore
3713:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3686:Baltimore club
3683:
3678:
3676:Ambient techno
3673:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3648:Detroit techno
3645:
3640:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
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3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3423:New jack swing
3415:
3414:
3413:
3411:Florida breaks
3403:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3359:
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3353:
3348:
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3326:
3316:
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3309:
3299:
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3277:
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3257:
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3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3102:
3100:Computer music
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3061:Electric blues
3052:
3050:
3043:
3032:
3031:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2967:Jamaica portal
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2941:Island Records
2938:
2936:Trojan Records
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2835:United Kingdom
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2774:
2772:
2768:
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2765:
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2759:
2754:
2749:
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2734:
2729:
2723:
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2708:
2698:
2693:
2688:
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2647:
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2534:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2516:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2430:
2429:External links
2427:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2408:
2402:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2356:
2344:
2335:
2322:
2308:
2303:musicradar.com
2290:
2272:
2242:Thompson, Dave
2233:
2206:
2164:
2144:
2112:
2100:
2072:
2060:
2054:978-0819565723
2053:
2035:
2009:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1946:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1891:
1873:
1858:
1851:
1843:Ocean of Sound
1830:
1821:
1812:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1753:
1737:
1728:
1716:
1709:
1685:
1669:
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1633:
1620:
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1615:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1585:
1582:
1533:
1530:
1465:
1462:
1403:; Dr. Israel;
1377:Victor Axelrod
1361:Dubblestandart
1347:
1344:
1325:Anoraknophobia
1300:bands such as
1273:Jonas Hellborg
1263:, formerly of
1245:The King Blues
1241:Sonic Boom Six
1098:
1095:
1087:Omar Rodriguez
1052:Massive Attack
973:
972:
927:
925:
918:
912:
909:
907:
906:Musical impact
904:
881:The Peech Boys
830:United Kingdom
814:
811:
775:Errol Thompson
764:Errol Thompson
756:The Undertaker
747:
744:
668:
665:
646:Dub music and
632:
629:
534:
531:
511:it on the side
444:cut the dub...
378:
375:
304:mixing console
288:Augustus Pablo
284:Errol Thompson
245:rhythm section
224:
223:
217:
216:
212:
211:
210:
209:
204:
199:
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68:
63:
58:
52:
50:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5148:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5131:Popular music
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5116:Reggae genres
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
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5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4989:Sound collage
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4937:Celtic fusion
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4848:Circuit party
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:Jungle terror
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4310:Future garage
4308:
4306:
4305:Electronicore
4303:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4283:Electro house
4281:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4266:Dancehall pop
4264:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4196:UK hard house
4194:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4063:Electro swing
4061:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3940:Bouncy techno
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:Dungeon synth
3869:
3867:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3797:Drum and bass
3795:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3780:Bristol sound
3778:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3655:Tracker music
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Balearic beat
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:Reggae fusion
3361:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:New-age music
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3147:Space age pop
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3088:Western swing
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3011:
3004:
2999:
2997:
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2599:
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2596:Dancehall pop
2594:
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2588:
2587:
2586:Reggae fusion
2584:
2582:
2579:
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2557:
2555:
2554:Gospel reggae
2552:
2548:
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2530:
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2525:Dancehall pop
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2405:
2403:0-8230-7869-8
2399:
2395:
2394:New York City
2391:
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2339:
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2326:
2318:
2312:
2305:. 2019-09-11.
2304:
2300:
2294:
2287:. 2001-05-11.
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2159:
2158:The A.V. Club
2154:
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2125:
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2076:
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2039:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2013:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1936:on 2007-10-13
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1902:
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1844:
1837:
1835:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1805:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1766:pages 117-118
1763:
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1732:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1710:9780470165768
1706:
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1689:
1683:
1682:0-7535-0242-9
1679:
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1646:0-7862-8517-6
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1434:
1430:
1429:Future Pigeon
1426:
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1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1356:Mad Professor
1353:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1316:Steve Hogarth
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1259:, fronted by
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1226:and Vincent.
1225:
1220:
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1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
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1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:Mad Professor
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Junior Murvin
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:Cedric Bixler
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:The Pop Group
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:ambient music
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:drum and bass
989:
985:
981:
969:
966:
958:
948:
944:
940:
934:
933:
928:This section
926:
917:
916:
903:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:Mad Professor
835:
831:
826:
824:
819:
810:
808:
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800:
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789:
787:
783:
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714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:Treasure Isle
678:
674:
664:
662:
661:Prince Buster
658:
654:
649:
641:
637:
628:
625:
621:
617:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
576:
574:
570:
566:
565:sound effects
562:
558:
554:
553:sound systems
550:
546:
540:
530:
528:
522:
519:
513:
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
493:
487:
482:
478:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
447:
445:
439:
435:
433:
427:
425:
420:
415:
411:
408:and later as
407:
403:
399:
398:acetate discs
394:
392:
388:
384:
374:
372:
371:Mad Professor
368:
364:
363:drum and bass
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
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305:
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238:
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230:
222:
218:
213:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
192:
189:Fusion genres
187:
184:
180:
175:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
118:drum and bass
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
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101:
99:
96:
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93:
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86:
82:
78:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
51:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
5049:Drum machine
4959:Doujin music
4947:Lounge music
4904:Street dance
4858:EDM festival
4811:Sound system
4777:Other topics
4652:Post-dubstep
4605:Lofi hip hop
4580:Future house
4406:Reductionism
4374:Nintendocore
4298:Fidget house
4249:Coupé-décalé
4189:Speed garage
4004:Indietronica
3908:Ghetto house
3886:French house
3876:Electroclash
3832:Ragga jungle
3743:Dark electro
3643:Bleep techno
3623:Sophisti-pop
3561:Jersey sound
3474:Funk carioca
3430:Dark ambient
3334:Minimal wave
3172:
3025:
3019:
2711:Walking bass
2640:Samba reggae
2635:Roots reggae
2606:Ragga jungle
2574:Ragga jungle
2536:
2418:
2411:
2389:
2369:. Retrieved
2359:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2263:
2249:
2236:
2225:. Retrieved
2223:. 2014-03-13
2220:The Guardian
2218:
2209:
2197:
2190:. Retrieved
2185:
2173:Ghostarchive
2171:Archived at
2167:
2156:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2129:
2123:
2115:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2085:
2075:
2063:
2044:
2038:
2028:
2012:
2001:. Retrieved
1995:Greg Prato.
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1938:. Retrieved
1934:the original
1929:
1926:"Dub Voyage"
1919:
1910:
1901:
1882:
1876:
1867:
1861:
1842:
1824:
1815:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1761:
1756:
1731:
1695:
1688:
1672:
1659:
1653:
1636:
1598:Music portal
1578:
1567:
1551:
1535:
1526:
1520:
1512:
1507:
1501:King Tubby's
1497:
1484:
1470:Afrofuturism
1467:
1364:
1349:
1330:
1323:
1314:
1296:
1281:
1234:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1194:
1138:
1100:
1093:since 1999.
1079:Ohio Players
1072:
1064:Killing Joke
1028:Bill Laswell
1024:Culture Club
976:
961:
955:October 2015
952:
929:
897:
874:
827:
820:
816:
806:
802:
796:
793:Keith Hudson
790:
779:
768:
755:
753:
749:
737:
730:
728:of records.
697:sound system
693:instrumental
670:
655:, including
645:
608:
588:sound system
584:alliterative
577:
542:
526:
524:
520:
514:
508:
506:
490:
480:
473:
464:
456:
449:
443:
441:
437:
431:
429:
414:sound system
405:
401:
395:
390:
382:
380:
337:, and later
312:
265:
228:
227:
215:Other topics
83:Late 1960s,
5059:Synthesizer
4964:Lo-fi music
4909:House dance
4892:Rare groove
4816:Turntablism
4801:Disc jockey
4749:Drift phonk
4630:Moombahsoul
4625:Moombahcore
4585:Future soul
4568:Future bass
4563:Funktronica
4548:Bro-country
4487:Witch house
4455:Tecno brega
4349:Jersey club
4293:Dutch house
4147:Progressive
4085:Power noise
4031:Livetronica
3881:Folktronica
3857:Liquid funk
3847:Intelligent
3842:Atmospheric
3733:Changa tuki
3728:Broken beat
3671:Ambient dub
3638:Acid techno
3628:Synth-metal
3489:Tecnocumbia
3401:Ambient pop
3356:Italo disco
3275:Electropunk
3253:Space disco
3225:Space music
3218:Sampledelia
3027:Electronica
2825:Philippines
2815:New Zealand
2752:Dub artists
2616:Reggae punk
2611:Reggae rock
2559:Lovers rock
1515:Neuromancer
1401:King Django
1381:Victor Rice
1332:Al Cisneros
1265:Sex Pistols
1224:Save Ferris
1205:Rock Steady
1196:Rock Steady
1137:, released
1127:Sandinista!
1123:Mikey Dread
1075:Soundgarden
1000:house music
834:Mikey Dread
432:cutting dub
18:Dub (music)
5105:Categories
5032:Drum break
4979:Rave music
4969:Madchester
4932:Bass music
4914:Rave dance
4863:Free party
4828:Microgenre
4699:Hardvapour
4637:Mumble rap
4620:Moombahton
4610:Mahraganat
4538:Black MIDI
4448:Sovietwave
4423:Russ music
4354:Juke house
4327:Hauntology
4288:Complextro
4276:Reggaestep
4041:Microhouse
4036:Merenhouse
3955:Frenchcore
3950:Free tekno
3918:Ghettotech
3866:Dub techno
3763:Diva house
3758:Disco polo
3748:Denpa song
3691:Bhangragga
3603:Miami bass
3494:Turbo-folk
3464:Electropop
3435:Dubtronica
3351:Dance-rock
3346:Dance-punk
3341:Post-disco
3302:Industrial
3280:Euro disco
3230:Space rock
3120:Tape music
3010:Electronic
2931:Studio One
2623:Reggaestep
2601:Moombahton
2542:Dub poetry
2435:Dub Echoes
2371:2014-05-20
2227:2016-10-14
2192:12 January
2122:"AllMusic
2003:2014-05-20
1999:. AllMusic
1940:2007-09-18
1892:0704380250
1852:1852427434
1617:References
1453:Ryan Moore
1336:Doom Metal
1269:Jah Wobble
1261:John Lydon
1179:Rx Bandits
1159:noise rock
1147:Bad Brains
1048:The Police
1032:Jah Wobble
939:improve it
877:post-disco
866:The Police
858:On-U Sound
798:Pick a Dub
786:King Tubby
733:Studio One
717:Slim Smith
709:King Tubby
537:See also:
471:and bass.
461:Sly Dunbar
335:post-disco
296:Clive Chin
233:electronic
202:dub techno
197:Dubtronica
183:Dub poetry
148:post-disco
71:rocksteady
61:electronic
5111:Dub music
4833:Nightclub
4796:Club drug
4791:Beat drop
4694:Vaporwave
4669:Rara tech
4558:Dreampunk
4513:Afroswing
4497:Wonky pop
4443:Synthwave
4411:Lowercase
4369:Nightcore
4359:Jumpstyle
4337:Chillwave
4259:Crunkcore
4244:Cloud rap
4224:Afrobeats
4184:Breakstep
4174:UK garage
4162:Uplifting
4100:Reggaeton
4080:Post-rock
4026:Kidandali
3987:Speedcore
3965:Hardstyle
3945:Breakcore
3903:Futurepop
3815:Neurofunk
3775:Downtempo
3566:Hip house
3506:Eurodance
3445:Freestyle
3406:Breakbeat
3384:Acid jazz
3368:Synth-pop
3329:Dark wave
3324:Cold wave
3314:Japanoise
3270:Dancehall
3188:Krautrock
3183:Jazz-funk
2946:Blue Beat
2891:Suedehead
2876:Rastafari
2805:Australia
2788:Mauritius
2771:By region
2630:Reggaeton
2520:Dancehall
2093:2 October
1770:Routledge
1574:amplifier
1570:turntable
1389:Matisyahu
1320:Marillion
1253:post-punk
1207:album in
1107:The Clash
1103:punk rock
1056:The Clash
1008:post-punk
943:verifying
885:Toney Lee
862:post-punk
850:The Clash
842:Jah Shaka
823:Mute Beat
791:In 1974,
705:Bunny Lee
685:dub plate
677:Duke Reid
657:Duke Reid
424:Bunny Lee
410:dubplates
319:post-punk
177:Subgenres
158:post-rock
153:post-punk
108:dancehall
5086:Waveform
4882:Sampling
4868:Teknival
4721:Hardwave
4704:Mallsoft
4684:EDM trap
4679:Shamstep
4590:Hyperpop
4523:Amapiano
4518:Algorave
4475:Funkstep
4470:UK funky
4416:Onkyokei
4394:New rave
4229:Bassline
4206:Hard NRG
4201:Hardbass
4137:Hands Up
4122:Balearic
4070:Nu metal
4051:Schaffel
3999:Illbient
3930:Hardcore
3913:Footwork
3891:Nu disco
3852:Jazzstep
3820:Techstep
3810:Hardstep
3805:Darkstep
3790:Trip hop
3785:Psybient
3711:Darkcore
3696:Big beat
3608:New beat
3501:Eurobeat
3319:New wave
3265:Chiptune
3095:Biomusic
2901:Dubplate
2886:Skinhead
2881:Rude boy
2798:Zimbabwe
2701:Toasting
2681:One drop
2655:Two-tone
2285:BBC News
2260:Archived
2251:AllMusic
2175:and the
2131:AllMusic
2021:Archived
1584:See also
1547:selector
1478:diaspora
1449:big band
1306:Slowdive
1298:Shoegaze
1201:No Doubt
1191:No Doubt
1181:and The
1171:ska punk
1135:The Ruts
1125:(on the
1113:(whose "
1091:De Facto
1012:trip hop
893:West End
689:toasting
675:went to
648:toasting
604:selector
580:toasters
567:such as
507:I man a-
492:daughter
402:soft wax
355:trip hop
292:melodica
168:trip hop
103:big beat
5054:Sampler
4784:Culture
4674:Seapunk
4657:Brostep
4465:UK bass
4428:Sambass
4401:Rabòday
4320:Grindie
4271:Dubstep
4058:Nu jazz
3768:Hardbag
3536:Chicago
3526:Ambient
3440:Electro
3290:Hip hop
3163:Ambient
2844:Related
2820:Pacific
2793:Nigeria
2691:Singjay
2650:Singjay
2453:Dub.com
2186:YouTube
2126:Review"
1559:samples
1474:Jamaica
1435:label;
1433:Jahtari
1427:label;
1373:Ticklah
1338:outfit
1288:David J
1284:Bauhaus
1231:Capdown
1213:B-sides
1175:Sublime
1068:Bauhaus
1020:hip hop
996:dubstep
937:Please
889:Prelude
631:History
561:rapping
557:"toast"
545:B-sides
481:pum pum
465:dubwise
426:notes:
419:singles
367:dubstep
347:ambient
331:hip hop
261:dubbing
241:remixes
133:hip hop
123:dubstep
98:Ambient
85:Jamaica
36:Dubstep
4984:Reggae
4925:Genres
4897:Riddim
4823:Mashup
4806:DJ mix
4528:Azonto
4460:Trival
4438:Skweee
4379:Nortec
4342:Glo-fi
4234:Budots
4179:2-step
4112:Trance
4105:Dembow
4095:Psydub
3982:Mákina
3977:J-core
3960:Gabber
3925:Glitch
3898:Funkot
3838:Light
3827:Jungle
3801:Heavy
3701:Bitpop
3633:Techno
3581:Tribal
3546:Garage
3484:Kwaito
3479:Kuduro
3285:Hi-NRG
3260:Boogie
3036:Genres
2916:Riddim
2830:Poland
2778:Africa
2705:Deejay
2686:Reverb
2645:Seggae
2547:Psydub
2532:Dembow
2511:Genres
2501:Reggae
2400:
2137:20 May
2051:
1889:
1849:
1707:
1680:
1644:
1563:deejay
1555:reggae
1542:deejay
1492:rhythm
1487:reggae
1163:Rancid
1131:reggae
1018:, and
988:jungle
980:techno
740:dances
726:B-side
721:mixing
701:lyrics
620:A-side
616:B-side
596:deejay
594:" or "
573:reverb
549:45 RPM
391:double
359:jungle
353:, and
343:techno
257:reverb
249:riddim
237:reggae
231:is an
207:psydub
163:techno
143:jungle
113:dembow
56:Reggae
5010:Tools
4954:Disco
4877:Remix
4737:2020s
4647:Plugg
4506:2010s
4492:Wonky
4384:Phonk
4315:Grime
4254:Crunk
4217:2000s
4167:Vocal
4127:Dream
3664:1990s
3618:Ragga
3571:Latin
3556:Italo
3551:Funky
3516:House
3511:Grebo
3394:Baggy
3377:1980s
3241:1970s
3168:Drone
3156:1960s
3137:Noise
3049:Early
2871:Mento
2810:Japan
2783:Kenya
2696:Skank
2671:Delay
2569:Ragga
1413:Gaudi
1255:band
1149:from
715:" by
497:I-Roy
486:dawta
469:drums
339:house
138:house
128:grime
5071:MIDI
5037:List
5017:Bass
4853:Doof
4838:Rave
4764:Rage
4716:Wave
4595:Gqom
4157:Tech
4142:Hard
4117:Acid
3576:Tech
3541:Deep
3521:Acid
3076:Rock
3071:Jùjú
2591:Alté
2398:ISBN
2200:Bela
2194:2021
2139:2009
2095:2014
2049:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1705:ISBN
1678:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1354:and
1302:Ride
1277:Rise
1271:and
1249:punk
1243:and
1167:NOFX
1165:and
1006:and
1004:punk
848:and
846:UB40
840:and
805:and
773:and
659:and
569:echo
377:Name
361:and
323:punk
315:rock
298:and
255:and
253:echo
4152:Psy
4132:Goa
3173:Dub
2537:Dub
2266:Ash
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1417:Ott
1391:);
1187:pop
941:by
891:or
758:by
731:At
679:'s
653:DJs
624:LPs
547:of
527:dub
509:dub
501:sex
495:).
457:dub
406:dub
404:or
383:dub
327:pop
229:Dub
66:ska
44:Dub
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