2330:
2985:
2246:
161:
557:
1192:
982:
1469:
3177:
893:
504:
1145:
130:
838:
1121:
1096:
1051:
1029:
911:
857:
144:
1290:
1246:
1935:
874:
945:
1324:
1273:
1002:
928:
1304:
963:
543:
1213:
1081:
1160:
1608:, and opened some prospects for trade and taxation. Despite this new construction, it seems that Siegfried and his immediate successors did not make the castle their primary residence. The history of Luxembourg proper began with the construction of this castle.
1366:
2951:
2695:
1892:
in 1581, while the remaining ten southern provinces (including
Luxembourg) remained under Spanish rule until 1714. During this time, the remaining southern provinces were referred to as the
3303:
2939:
1421:
until their own line of male heirs came to an end and the House of
Habsburg received the territories that the two Houses had originally agreed upon in the Treaty of BrĂĽnn in 1364.
2234:
2212:
2190:
Ermesinde et l'affranchissement de la ville de
Luxembourg; Etudes sur la femme, le pouvoir et la ville au XIIIe siècle, sous la direction de Michel Margue, Publications du
2725:
1590:(commonly translated as "little castle"). In the following years, Count Siegfried had a new castle built on the site of these ruins, on a rock that would later be called
2622:
518:
3409:
2981:
3384:
2803:
2662:
3399:
3394:
2715:
2042:); only the smaller eastern portion remained part of the grand duchy. The personal union between the Luxembourg and Dutch thrones continued until the death of
2740:
2710:
2705:
2781:
2750:
2735:
1611:
In the following years, a small town and market grew around the new castle. The first inhabitants were probably servants of Count
Siegfried and clergy of
3389:
2227:
2086:
2057:
The territory of the former Duchy of
Luxembourg is today divided between the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Belgian province of Luxembourg, the German
1660:
was the first count known to have established his permanent residence in
Luxembourg castle. In a document from the year 1089, he is referred to as
1250:
3176:
2242:
2579:
2220:
1841:; Luxembourg and these other Burgundian possessions in the Low Countries are collectively referred to during this period (1384–1482) as the
3379:
3315:
2973:
2197:
Tatsachen aus der
Geschichte des Luxemburger Landes, Dr. P. J. MĂĽller, Luxemburg 1963, Verlag "de Frendeskres", Imprimerie Bourg-Bourger.
160:
3359:
1904:, which was fought after the Spanish Habsburg line died out in 1700, resulted in the Spanish Netherlands coming under the rule of
1667:
Around this fort, the town gradually developed and became the center of a small, but important state of great strategic value to
1277:
178:
3404:
2007:
becoming part of
Prussia (now Germany) to satisfy a dynastic claim. Rather than being integrated into the Netherlands the new
2270:
1612:
1473:
1722:, Luxembourg bore multiple names, including Lucilinburhuc, Lutzburg, LĂĽtzelburg, Luccelemburc, and Lichtburg, among others.
1683:
one of the strongest in continental Europe. Its formidable defenses and strategic location caused it to become known as the
1533:, meaning fortification, which might have referred to either the remains of a Roman watchtower or a primitive refuge of the
3414:
3268:
2250:
3374:
3369:
1556:
2786:
2369:
1397:. The House of Luxembourg became one of the most important political forces in the 14th century, competing against the
2200:
Vivre au Moyen Age: Luxembourg, Metz et Trèves; Etudes sur l'histoire et l'archéologie urbaines, sous la direction du
1472:
Early settlements in the area of modern-day
Luxembourg before the 10th century with the church of Saint-Saveur (today
2883:
2146:
2051:
1996:
1263:
17:
3211:
2796:
1858:
1794:
1747:
301:
2298:
2966:
376:
2201:
2191:
2043:
1739:
1679:. Luxembourg's fortress was steadily enlarged and strengthened over the years by successive owners, making the
1657:
282:
2293:
2835:
2303:
2047:
1901:
1877:
1790:
1651:
1575:
1449:
1869:. The Burgundian Netherlands then came under the rule of the House of Habsburg, beginning the period of the
3364:
3354:
2830:
2016:
1486:
2283:
1642:. Its inhabitants pursued various professions, including fishing, baking and milling. That same year, the
986:
2308:
878:
1973:, it lay in what is today Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany. Its name, meaning "forests", comes from the
143:
129:
2959:
2316:
1453:
149:
1929:
1668:
2204:, Publications Scientifiques du Musée d'Histoire de la Ville de Luxembourg, tome 2, Luxembourg 1998.
2091:
3293:
2932:
2349:
2278:
2008:
1939:
1802:
1560:
1429:
1149:
1638:
quarter). By 1083, this lower town contained two churches, two bridges of the rivers
Alzette, and
2035:
1571:
1433:
665:
2364:
314:
3245:
3106:
3072:
2730:
2604:
2558:
2097:
2039:
1917:
1842:
1680:
1567:
1445:
1378:
1033:
550:
267:
237:
187:
54:
1750:. The ducal lands had been formed in 1353 by integration of the old County of Luxembourg, the
1615:. This settlement soon received additional protection by the construction of a first, partial
3038:
2776:
2666:
2647:
2553:
2519:
2511:
2411:
2074:
1960:
1951:
1888:, the seven northern provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands broke away from Spain to form the
1218:
536:
455:
348:
1574:, probably a younger brother of Duke Frederick I, purchased some land from Abbot Wikerus of
1191:
3264:
3252:
3157:
3098:
3007:
2900:
2745:
2642:
2617:
2082:
2066:
2020:
1947:
1909:
1897:
1870:
1125:
1055:
981:
509:
211:
195:
2333:
The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (red) within the Holy Roman Empire (white) after 1548
1468:
1406:
1164:
8:
3238:
3080:
3002:
2855:
2808:
2755:
2720:
2690:
2652:
2599:
2441:
2288:
1893:
1763:
1711:
1707:
1691:
1546:
1441:
1394:
1226:
1100:
1063:
389:
203:
2034:
gained its independence from the Netherlands in 1830, Luxembourg was partitioned in the
1647:
3289:
3276:
3203:
3193:
3149:
3121:
3033:
2928:
2912:
2822:
2632:
2627:
2485:
2433:
2078:
2031:
2024:
1992:
1881:
1866:
1814:
1699:
1695:
1672:
1515:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1203:
932:
892:
748:
135:
2416:
3272:
3139:
3088:
3067:
3046:
3025:
3017:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2924:
2908:
2671:
2612:
2589:
2503:
2451:
2254:
2142:
2060:
1966:
1913:
1905:
1862:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1806:
1735:
1715:
1635:
1592:
1534:
1457:
1437:
1398:
1390:
1196:
949:
861:
637:
442:
429:
326:
260:
224:
182:
1144:
3260:
3144:
3116:
3111:
3054:
2791:
2574:
1916:, when it was taken over by France in 1795. Austria confirmed its loss in the 1797
1885:
1880:(also King of Spain as Charles I), the Habsburg Netherlands passed to his son King
1854:
1846:
1826:
1818:
1503:
897:
741:
1934:
3281:
3256:
3162:
2920:
2892:
2566:
2548:
2535:
2446:
2402:
1970:
1850:
1838:
1798:
1775:
1583:
1499:
1495:
1425:
1370:
1357:
967:
842:
723:
247:
242:
82:
68:
3130:
3058:
3050:
2896:
2657:
2584:
2543:
2406:
2012:
1889:
1564:
1511:
1402:
1386:
1349:
1085:
810:
780:
623:
110:
96:
2038:, with the larger western portion of the grand duchy going to Belgium (as the
1120:
3348:
3330:
3317:
2456:
2420:
2359:
2329:
2262:
2116:
1810:
1676:
1491:
1481:
701:
656:
577:
475:
166:
1845:. The male line of the dukes of Burgundy died out in 1477 when Philip's son
1095:
1050:
1028:
910:
2379:
2341:
1579:
1519:
856:
837:
788:
694:
1289:
1245:
2374:
2354:
2000:
1719:
1643:
1552:
1507:
1294:
873:
803:
602:
363:
1490:. The historical region of Luxembourg belonged to the Roman province of
2490:
1965:
was established from the territory of the duchies of Luxemburg and the
1767:
1703:
1328:
31:
944:
1684:
1616:
1323:
1272:
1001:
758:
272:
1955:
3126:
2845:
2840:
2527:
2498:
2425:
2397:
1988:
1974:
1751:
927:
915:
616:
470:
2389:
1797:
because he defaulted on a loan. Elizabeth later sold the duchy to
1303:
2863:
2850:
1981:
1779:
1771:
1664:, which also makes him the first documented count of Luxembourg.
1639:
1631:
1308:
1212:
609:
523:
1857:, his only child, as his heiress. After his death, Mary married
1786:
of the counts and dukes of Luxembourg since about 31 July 1264.
1596:. This castle dominated a stretch of the old Roman road linking
962:
3185:
2070:
2046:
in 1890, at which time the Dutch throne passed to his daughter
1783:
1759:
822:
591:
584:
402:
1980:
A small amount of the former Luxemburg territory was ceded to
3227:
2700:
2004:
1809:
had previously acquired a number of other possessions in the
1755:
1743:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1080:
415:
275:
2637:
2470:
2466:
1731:
1620:
1159:
1630:
and the Roman road, another settlement was formed in the
1942:
greatly reduced the country's territory over the years.
1480:
The first known reference to the territory was made by
2159:
Baugeschichte der Stadt und Festung Luxemburg, I. Band
1525:
Modern historians explain the etymology of the word
2019:. Unlike the Netherlands it became a member of the
46:
1912:. The area remained under Austrian rule until the
1900:, a name that continued under Austrian rule). The
2194:, Publications du CLUDEM tome 7, Luxembourg 1994.
1578:. This land was centered on a ruined (supposedly
3346:
3410:1795 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1999:, with the part on the east side of the rivers
3385:States and territories established in the 960s
3400:1350s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
3395:States and territories disestablished in 1795
2967:
2228:
1908:in 1714, thereby beginning the period of the
1498:from the East, Luxembourg became part of the
2058:
1958:
1923:
74:
60:
1950:, including Luxemburg, were annexed by the
102:
88:
3390:States and territories established in 1353
2974:
2960:
2235:
2221:
2202:Musée d'Histoire de la Ville de Luxembourg
2192:Musée d'Histoire de la Ville de Luxembourg
1995:in 1815 most of ForĂŞts became part of the
159:
1540:
2328:
1954:on 1 October 1795 and on 24 October the
1933:
1725:
1467:
1432:, and, in 1477, by marriage to Archduke
27:1353–1797 state of the Holy Roman Empire
2085:, the latter part being referred to as
14:
3347:
2050:while the Luxembourg throne passed to
1782:can also be included as it had been a
1654:on the hill behind Luxembourg castle.
1555:, the Luxembourg region had passed to
1448:were formed into an integral union by
1393:, the ancestral homeland of the noble
2955:
2216:
2141:16. Funk & Wagnalls, Inc., 1990.
2139:Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia,
2011:was established, which was held in a
722:
1730:Luxembourg remained an independent
1626:In addition to the small town near
1557:Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine
24:
3380:Early modern history of Luxembourg
1424:In 1443, the duchy passed to Duke
25:
3426:
2208:
1997:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
1518:in 880, it had finally fallen to
1405:. They would be the heirs to the
3360:Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire
3175:
2983:
2251:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
2244:
1805:, who paid her off in 1444. The
1322:
1302:
1288:
1271:
1244:
1211:
1190:
1158:
1143:
1119:
1094:
1079:
1049:
1027:
1000:
980:
961:
943:
926:
909:
891:
872:
855:
836:
555:
541:
516:
502:
142:
128:
1876:With the abdication in 1556 of
1742:elevated it to the status of a
2172:
2163:
2151:
2131:
2119:. Catholic Encyclopaedia. 1913
2109:
1884:. During the Dutch Revolt, or
13:
1:
3405:1353 establishments in Europe
2184:
2015:with the Netherlands by King
1902:War of the Spanish Succession
1878:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1662:comes Henricus de Lutzeleburg
1450:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
729:
707:
684:
642:
628:
1793:lost the duchy to his niece
1494:. After the invasion of the
1487:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
1463:
7:
3415:Former monarchies of Europe
1251:Princip. of the Netherlands
338:Elizabeth of Gorlitz (last)
10:
3431:
3375:15th century in Luxembourg
3370:14th century in Luxembourg
2696:Blankenheim and Gerolstein
1991:'s defeat in 1814 and the
1927:
1801:, duke of Burgundy of the
1576:St. Maximin's Abbey, Trier
1544:
1454:Pragmatic Sanction of 1549
1428:of Burgundy of the French
1295:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1264:Kingdom of the Netherlands
30:For the modern state, see
29:
3269:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
3236:
3220:
3202:
3184:
3173:
3097:
3016:
3000:
2905:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
2872:
2821:
2767:
2683:
2478:
2465:
2388:
2340:
2326:
2261:
2052:Adolph of Nassau-Weilburg
1930:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
1924:Post-Duchy (1797–present)
1319:
1317:
1301:
1287:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1210:
1189:
1179:
1176:
1142:
1139:
1118:
1115:
1093:
1078:
1048:
1026:
890:
830:
826:
821:
817:
802:
798:
787:
779:
775:
771:
757:
740:
700:
677:
671:
664:
622:
608:
601:
590:
588:
575:
481:
469:
465:
452:
439:
426:
412:
399:
386:
373:
369:
359:
355:
342:
332:
320:
308:
295:
291:
281:
266:
256:
230:
220:
174:
158:
124:
119:
41:
2103:
2023:, and a garrison of the
2009:Grand Duchy of Luxemburg
1803:House of Valois-Burgundy
1551:By the 959 partition of
1529:as coming from the word
1506:, it became part of the
1150:United States of Belgium
3304:Unencircled territories
2940:Unencircled territories
2036:Treaty of London (1839)
1791:Sigismund of Luxembourg
1766:, and the districts of
1434:Maximilian I of Austria
811:Duchy of Lower Lorraine
2334:
2178:Kreins (2003), pp.64–5
2098:Treaty of the Pyrenees
2059:
2040:Province of Luxembourg
1959:
1943:
1918:Treaty of Campo Formio
1843:Burgundian Netherlands
1681:Fortress of Luxembourg
1613:Saint Michael's church
1568:Wigeric of Lotharingia
1541:Proto-Duchy (963–1353)
1477:
1460:ended this situation.
1458:French revolutionaries
1446:Burgundian Netherlands
1417:and contributing four
1382:
1374:
1361:
1353:
1034:Burgundian Netherlands
804:Kingdom of Lotharingia
551:Burgundian Netherlands
188:Burgundian Netherlands
165:Luxembourg within the
104:Ducatus Luxemburgensis
103:
89:
75:
61:
47:
3255:. Circles est. 1500:
3221:Dependent territories
2332:
2027:was stationed there.
1952:French First Republic
1937:
1859:Archduke Maximilian I
1726:The Duchy (1353–1797)
1471:
1219:French First Republic
537:French First Republic
349:William III of Saxony
231:Common languages
3008:Habsburg Netherlands
2067:Rhineland-Palatinate
2021:German Confederation
1948:Southern Netherlands
1910:Austrian Netherlands
1898:Southern Netherlands
1871:Habsburg Netherlands
1561:House of Ardenne–Bar
1413:, succeeding to the
1126:Austrian Netherlands
1056:Habsburg Netherlands
510:County of Luxembourg
315:Elizabeth of Görlitz
212:Austrian Netherlands
196:Habsburg Netherlands
48:Herzogtum LĂ«tzebuerg
3365:Seventeen Provinces
3355:Duchy of Luxembourg
3327: /
3280:Circles est. 1512:
3003:Seventeen Provinces
2992:(1512–1797) of the
2919:Circles est. 1512:
2891:Circles est. 1500:
2253:(1500–1806) of the
2169:Kreins (2003), p.64
1894:Spanish Netherlands
1865:, who later became
1696:Holy Roman Emperors
1692:House of Luxembourg
1547:County of Luxemburg
1514:. According to the
1442:Seventeen Provinces
1419:Holy Roman Emperors
1395:House of Luxembourg
1346:Duchy of Luxembourg
1227:First French Empire
1101:Spanish Netherlands
1064:Seventeen Provinces
454:• Occupied by
428:• Held by the
388:• Acquired by
375:• Obtained by
204:Spanish Netherlands
90:Hertogdom Luxemburg
76:Duché de Luxembourg
62:Herzogtum Luxemburg
43:Duchy of Luxembourg
3301:
3297:
3250:
3243:
2887:
2880:
2876:
2633:Salm-Reifferscheid
2335:
2032:Kingdom of Belgium
2025:Kingdom of Prussia
1993:Congress of Vienna
1944:
1882:Philip II of Spain
1867:Holy Roman Emperor
1758:, the counties of
1740:Emperor Charles IV
1634:Valley (today the
1516:Treaty of Ribemont
1478:
1415:Kingdom of Hungary
1411:Kingdom of Bohemia
1309:Kingdom of Belgium
1204:Kingdom of Holland
749:Carolingian Empire
390:Luxembourg dynasty
3310:
3309:
3294:Electoral Rhenish
3171:
3170:
3154:
3136:
3085:
3077:
3064:
3043:
3030:
2994:Holy Roman Empire
2990:Burgundian Circle
2949:
2948:
2933:Electoral Rhenish
2889:status uncertain
2860:
2817:
2816:
2760:
2676:
2609:
2594:
2571:
2563:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2495:
2452:Nassau-Dillenburg
2438:
2430:
2321:
2313:
2275:
2255:Holy Roman Empire
1914:French Revolution
1863:House of Habsburg
1807:dukes of Burgundy
1738:, when, in 1354,
1736:Holy Roman Empire
1716:Early Middle Ages
1694:provided several
1535:Early Middle Ages
1438:House of Habsburg
1407:Přemyslid dynasty
1401:for supremacy in
1399:House of Habsburg
1391:Holy Roman Empire
1342:
1341:
1338:
1313:
1299:
1283:
1268:
1255:
1231:
1223:
1208:
1201:
1197:Batavian Republic
1170:
1155:
1131:
1106:
1091:
1068:
1060:
1038:
1017:
997:
977:
958:
940:
923:
906:
888:
869:
852:
815:
808:
796:
785:
763:
753:
746:
736:
714:
691:
649:
638:Germania Inferior
635:
571:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
529:
528:
430:Dukes of Burgundy
414:• Raised to
401:• Raised to
344:• 1439–1482
334:• 1425–1443
327:John the Fearless
322:• 1419–1425
310:• 1415–1419
297:• 1353–1383
283:Duke of Luxemburg
261:Roman Catholicism
216:
208:
200:
192:
183:Holy Roman Empire
18:Duke of Luxemburg
16:(Redirected from
3422:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3302:
3298:
3251:
3244:
3179:
3152:
3134:
3083:
3075:
3062:
3055:Nijmegen Quarter
3041:
3028:
3014:
3013:
2988:
2987:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2888:
2882:without seat in
2881:
2877:
2858:
2758:
2726:Kerpen-Lommersum
2674:
2607:
2592:
2569:
2561:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2493:
2476:
2475:
2436:
2428:
2370:Stavelot–Malmedy
2319:
2311:
2273:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2113:
2095:
2087:French Luxemburg
2064:
1964:
1940:three partitions
1886:Eighty Years War
1855:Mary of Burgundy
1847:Charles the Bold
1778:. The county of
1746:for his brother
1734:(county) of the
1504:Treaty of Verdun
1369:
1336:
1326:
1311:
1306:
1297:
1292:
1281:
1275:
1266:
1253:
1248:
1229:
1221:
1217:associated with
1215:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1129:
1123:
1104:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1036:
1031:
1018:
1015:
1004:
996:
993:
984:
976:
973:
965:
959:
956:
947:
938:
930:
921:
913:
907:
904:
895:
886:
881:
876:
867:
859:
848:
840:
813:
806:
794:
783:
761:
751:
744:
742:Frankish Kingdom
734:
731:
727:
712:
709:
705:
697:
689:
686:
682:
659:
647:
644:
640:
633:
630:
626:
619:
612:
594:
573:
572:
559:
558:
545:
544:
533:
532:
520:
519:
506:
505:
499:
498:
483:
482:
214:
206:
198:
190:
163:
146:
132:
114:
106:
100:
92:
86:
78:
72:
64:
58:
50:
39:
38:
21:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3345:
3344:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3296:
3279:
3249:
3242:
3232:
3216:
3198:
3180:
3167:
3093:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2982:
2980:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2886:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2813:
2769:
2763:
2679:
2461:
2384:
2336:
2324:
2257:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2211:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2096:since the 1659
2089:
2073:departments of
1971:Luxembourg City
1932:
1926:
1851:Battle of Nancy
1799:Philip the Good
1728:
1650:was founded by
1584:Old High German
1572:Count Siegfried
1549:
1543:
1500:Frankish Empire
1496:Germanic tribes
1466:
1430:House of Valois
1426:Philip the Good
1365:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1307:
1293:
1280:
1276:
1249:
1224:
1216:
1202:
1195:
1167:
1163:
1152:
1148:
1128:
1124:
1103:
1099:
1088:
1084:
1061:
1054:
1032:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
994:
992:
991:
988:
985:
974:
972:
969:
966:
960:
955:
954:
951:
948:
937:
934:
931:
920:
917:
914:
908:
903:
902:
899:
896:
885:
882:
879:
877:
866:
863:
860:
850:
847:
844:
841:
835:
809:
793:
790:
732:
726:
724:Frisian Kingdom
710:
704:
695:
687:
681:
657:
645:
636:
631:
617:
615:
610:
604:
592:
576:History of the
556:
542:
517:
503:
458:
445:
432:
419:
418:by the Emperor
405:
392:
379:
345:
335:
323:
311:
298:
252:
209:
201:
193:
185:
170:
154:
153:
152:
147:
139:
138:
133:
115:
108:
101:
94:
87:
80:
73:
66:
59:
52:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3331:49.61°N 6.13°E
3308:
3307:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3065:
3051:Veluwe Quarter
3044:
3036:
3031:
3022:
3020:
3011:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2936:
2916:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2669:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2587:
2582:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2496:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2473:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2414:
2409:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2365:KornelimĂĽnster
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2267:
2265:
2263:Prince-bishops
2259:
2258:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2210:
2209:External links
2207:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2150:
2137:"Luxembourg."
2130:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2013:personal union
1925:
1922:
1890:Dutch Republic
1727:
1724:
1687:of the North.
1582:) fort by the
1565:Count Palatine
1542:
1539:
1512:Middle Francia
1476:) built in 987
1465:
1462:
1444:of the former
1403:Central Europe
1340:
1339:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1300:
1285:
1284:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1209:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1156:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1092:
1086:Dutch Republic
1076:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1025:
1021:
1020:
998:
978:
941:
924:
889:
870:
853:
832:
831:
829:
827:
825:
819:
818:
816:
800:
799:
797:
786:
781:Middle Francia
777:
776:
773:
772:
770:
768:
765:
764:
755:
754:
739:
737:
720:
719:
717:
715:
699:
692:
675:
674:
672:
670:
668:
663:
661:
654:
651:
650:
624:Gallia Belgica
621:
607:
600:
597:
596:
589:
587:
581:
580:
569:
568:
565:
564:
561:
560:
553:
547:
546:
539:
530:
527:
526:
521:
513:
512:
507:
495:
494:
489:
479:
478:
473:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
453:
450:
449:
446:
440:
437:
436:
433:
427:
424:
423:
420:
413:
410:
409:
406:
400:
397:
396:
393:
387:
384:
383:
380:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
361:
360:Historical era
357:
356:
353:
352:
346:
343:
340:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
324:
321:
318:
317:
312:
309:
306:
305:
299:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
279:
278:
270:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
251:
250:
245:
240:
234:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
176:
172:
171:
164:
156:
155:
148:
141:
140:
134:
127:
126:
125:
122:
121:
120:1353–1443/1797
117:
116:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3427:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3343:
3340:
3305:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3277:(Lower) Saxon
3274:
3270:
3266:
3265:Upper Rhenish
3262:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3132:
3131:Upper Quarter
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2913:(Lower) Saxon
2910:
2906:
2902:
2901:Upper Rhenish
2898:
2894:
2885:
2884:Imperial Diet
2871:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2766:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2342:Prince-abbots
2339:
2331:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2175:
2166:
2160:
2157:J.-P. Koltz,
2154:
2148:
2147:0-8343-0091-5
2144:
2140:
2134:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1969:. Centred on
1968:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1873:(1482–1581).
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:Low Countries
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1677:Low Countries
1674:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1588:Lucilinburhuc
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1502:. By the 843
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:Belgica Prima
1489:
1488:
1483:
1482:Julius Caesar
1475:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:Luxembourgish
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1334:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1220:
1214:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1012:
1003:
999:
990:
983:
979:
971:
964:
953:
946:
942:
936:
929:
925:
919:
912:
901:
894:
884:
875:
871:
865:
858:
854:
846:
839:
834:
833:
828:
824:
820:
812:
805:
801:
792:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
766:
760:
756:
750:
743:
738:
725:
721:
718:
716:
703:
702:Salian Franks
698:
693:
680:
676:
673:
669:
667:
662:
660:
658:Salian Franks
655:
653:
652:
639:
625:
620:
613:
606:
599:
598:
595:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:Low Countries
574:
554:
552:
549:
548:
540:
538:
535:
534:
531:
525:
522:
515:
514:
511:
508:
501:
500:
497:
496:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
480:
477:
474:
472:
471:ISO 3166 code
468:
464:
460:
457:
451:
447:
444:
438:
434:
431:
425:
421:
417:
411:
407:
404:
398:
394:
391:
385:
381:
378:
372:
368:
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:
341:
337:
331:
328:
325:
319:
316:
313:
307:
303:
300:
294:
290:
286:
284:
280:
277:
274:
271:
269:
265:
262:
259:
255:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
238:Luxembourgish
236:
235:
233:
229:
226:
223:
219:
213:
205:
197:
189:
184:
180:
177:
173:
168:
167:Low Countries
162:
157:
151:
145:
137:
131:
123:
118:
112:
105:
98:
91:
84:
77:
70:
63:
56:
55:Luxembourgish
49:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3312:
3285:
3153:(since 1548)
3135:(since 1548)
3084:(since 1548)
3076:(since 1548)
3063:(since 1548)
3042:(since 1548)
3029:(since 1548)
3018:Seceded 1581
2904:
2890:
2859:(until 1648)
2759:(until 1548)
2675:(until 1548)
2623:Reichenstein
2608:(until 1548)
2593:(until 1664)
2570:(until 1541)
2562:(until 1546)
2559:Manderscheid
2539:(until 1614)
2531:(until 1548)
2523:(until 1548)
2515:(until 1667)
2507:(until 1548)
2494:(until 1719)
2437:(until 1548)
2429:(until 1548)
2320:(until 1648)
2312:(until 1548)
2274:(until 1678)
2174:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2138:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2117:"Luxembourg"
2111:
2056:
2029:
1986:
1979:
1945:
1875:
1849:died at the
1813:, including
1788:
1729:
1689:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1652:Count Conrad
1627:
1625:
1610:
1591:
1587:
1550:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1520:East Francia
1510:province of
1508:Lotharingian
1485:
1479:
1474:Saint-Michel
1423:
1345:
1343:
1006:
880:Bishopric of
678:
492:Succeeded by
491:
486:
302:Wenceslaus I
210:Part of the
202:Part of the
194:Part of the
186:Part of the
150:Coat of arms
36:
3336:49.61; 6.13
3334: /
3290:Upper Saxon
2929:Upper Saxon
2878:until 1648
2804:Spiegelberg
2777:Delmenhorst
2648:Tecklenburg
2512:East Frisia
2412:East Frisia
2090: [
2044:William III
1961:département
1720:Renaissance
1714:. From the
1704:archbishops
1698:, kings of
1644:Benedictine
1563:, a son of
1553:Lotharingia
1456:. In 1795,
1267:(1815–1830)
1254:(1813–1815)
1230:(1804–1815)
1222:(1795–1804)
1207:(1806–1810)
1200:(1795–1806)
1130:(1714–1795)
1105:(1556–1714)
1090:(1581–1795)
1059:(1482–1795)
1037:(1384–1482)
1016:(1059–1443)
957:(1071–1432)
922:(1046–1543)
905:(1183–1430)
679:unpopulated
487:Preceded by
364:Middle Ages
215:(1714–1795)
207:(1581–1714)
199:(1482–1581)
191:(1443–1482)
3349:Categories
3286:Burgundian
3273:Franconian
3253:until 1678
3246:until 1659
3239:until 1648
3073:Overijssel
2925:Burgundian
2909:Franconian
2874:from 1648
2787:Schaumburg
2731:Myllendonk
2716:Hallermund
2643:Schaumburg
2618:Ravensberg
2605:Overijssel
2590:Dillenburg
2491:Bronkhorst
2185:References
2048:Wilhelmina
2030:After the
1928:See also:
1853:, leaving
1768:Thionville
1748:Wenceslaus
1675:, and the
1648:AltmĂĽnster
1628:Bock Fiels
1593:Bock Fiels
1570:. In 963,
1545:See also:
1527:Luxembourg
1383:LĂ«tzebuerg
1362:Luxembourg
1169:(1789–'91)
1067:after 1543
995:(980–1794)
975:(981–1421)
939:(862–1384)
887:(695–1456)
868:(880–1432)
807:(855– 959)
733: 6th
711: 5th
688: 5th
646: 5th
632: 5th
441:• To
351:(claimant)
268:Government
225:Luxembourg
32:Luxembourg
3150:Luxemburg
3039:Groningen
3034:Friesland
2809:Steinfurt
2770:uncertain
2741:Schleiden
2721:Holzappel
2711:Gronsfeld
2684:From 1792
2667:Beilstein
2663:Winneburg
2653:Virneburg
2600:Oldenburg
2520:Groningen
2479:From 1500
2434:Luxemburg
2304:Paderborn
2299:OsnabrĂĽck
2017:William I
1984:in 1813.
1977:forests.
1795:Elisabeth
1789:In 1411,
1752:marquisat
1685:Gibraltar
1658:Henry III
1646:abbey of
1617:city wall
1464:Pre-Duchy
1375:Luxemburg
1367:‹See Tfd›
1354:Luxemburg
968:County of
950:County of
933:County of
862:County of
784:(843–855)
762:(511–687)
759:Austrasia
752:(800–843)
745:(481–843)
257:Religion
3282:Austrian
3257:Bavarian
3212:Besançon
3194:Burgundy
3158:Mechelen
3127:Guelders
3122:Flanders
3099:Remained
3047:Guelders
2921:Austrian
2893:Bavarian
2846:Duisburg
2841:Dortmund
2782:Fagnolle
2746:Wickrath
2736:Reckheim
2628:Rietberg
2528:Guelders
2499:Diepholz
2486:Bentheim
2426:Guelders
2398:Arenberg
2075:Ardennes
2069:and the
1989:Napoleon
1975:Ardennes
1967:Bouillon
1815:Flanders
1776:Marville
1586:name of
1385:) was a
1329:Gr D. of
1278:Gr D. L.
1225:part of
1165:R. Liège
1007:Duchy of
989:of Liège
987:P.-Bish.
935:Flanders
918:Guelders
916:Duchy of
898:Duchy of
851:century)
849:(11–16th
618:Tubantes
443:Habsburg
377:Sigfried
3319:49°37′N
3261:Swabian
3145:Limburg
3140:Hainaut
3117:Brabant
3107:Antwerp
3089:Zeeland
3081:Utrecht
3068:Holland
3059:Zutphen
3026:Drenthe
2938:
2897:Swabian
2864:Warburg
2851:Herford
2836:Cologne
2756:Utrecht
2706:Gimborn
2672:Zutphen
2613:Pyrmont
2585:Hadamar
2504:Drenthe
2390:Secular
2360:Herford
2309:Utrecht
2294:MĂĽnster
2271:Cambrai
2123:30 July
2083:Moselle
1982:Prussia
1906:Austria
1861:of the
1835:Holland
1831:Zeeland
1827:Brabant
1823:Hainaut
1780:Vianden
1772:Bitburg
1764:Laroche
1718:to the
1700:Bohemia
1673:Germany
1640:Petruss
1632:Alzette
1559:of the
1484:in his
1452:in the
1436:of the
1409:in the
1389:of the
1337:(1890–)
1312:(1830–)
1298:(1839–)
1282:(1815–)
1258:
1239:
1236:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1140:
1116:
1109:
1072:
1024:
952:Hainaut
900:Brabant
883:Utrecht
864:Holland
845:Freedom
843:Frisian
791:Francia
627:(55 BC–
611:Chamavi
605:nefates
524:Vianden
304:(first)
221:Capital
181:of the
3322:6°08′E
3204:Cities
3186:County
3112:Artois
2935:
2856:Verden
2831:Aachen
2823:Cities
2768:Status
2751:Wittem
2691:Anholt
2575:Nassau
2549:Lingen
2467:Counts
2457:Verden
2442:Minden
2417:JĂĽlich
2403:Cleves
2380:Werden
2350:Corvey
2317:Verden
2289:Minden
2279:Corvey
2145:
2071:French
1987:After
1956:ForĂŞts
1837:, and
1819:Artois
1784:vassal
1774:, and
1760:Durbuy
1702:, and
1669:France
1604:, and
1440:. The
1371:German
1358:French
1331:Luxem-
1154:(1790)
1009:Luxem-
823:Frisia
814:(959–)
795:(843–)
696:Saxons
666:Batavi
593:Belgae
585:Frisii
456:France
403:county
287:
273:Feudal
248:French
243:German
175:Status
169:, 1350
107:
93:
83:French
79:
69:German
65:
51:
3228:Breda
3163:Namur
2797:Lippe
2792:Hesse
2701:Gemen
2567:Moers
2554:Lippe
2536:Horne
2471:Lords
2447:Moers
2405:with
2375:Thorn
2355:Essen
2284:Liège
2104:Notes
2094:]
2079:Meuse
2005:Sauer
1839:Namur
1756:Arlon
1744:duchy
1712:Mainz
1708:Trier
1636:Grund
1606:Trier
1602:Arlon
1598:Reims
1580:Roman
1531:Letze
1387:state
1350:Dutch
1333:bourg
1011:bourg
970:Namur
735:–734)
706:(4th–
683:(4th–
603:Cana–
416:duchy
276:Duchy
179:State
111:Latin
97:Dutch
3057:and
2665:and
2658:Wied
2638:Sayn
2580:Diez
2544:Hoya
2421:Berg
2407:Mark
2143:ISBN
2125:2006
2081:and
2061:Land
2003:and
1946:The
1938:The
1896:(or
1762:and
1732:fief
1710:and
1690:The
1621:moat
1619:and
1344:The
789:West
641:(83–
461:1797
448:1482
435:1443
422:1354
408:1214
395:1059
136:Flag
2065:of
2001:Our
1754:of
1706:of
634:AD)
382:963
3351::
3299:·
3292:,
3288:,
3284:,
3275:,
3271:,
3267:,
3263:,
3259:,
3133:)
3061:)
3053:,
3005:of
2931:,
2927:,
2923:,
2911:,
2907:,
2903:,
2899:,
2895:,
2469:/
2100:.
2092:fr
2077:,
2054:.
1920:.
1833:,
1829:,
1825:,
1821:,
1817:,
1770:,
1671:,
1623:.
1600:,
1537:.
1522:.
1381::
1377:;
1373::
1364:;
1360::
1356:;
1352::
1069:)
730:c.
708:c.
685:c.
643:c.
629:c.
476:LU
3248:;
3241:;
3129:(
3049:(
2975:e
2968:t
2961:v
2419:–
2236:e
2229:t
2222:v
2127:.
1348:(
1062:(
747:—
728:(
713:)
690:)
648:)
614:,
113:)
109:(
99:)
95:(
85:)
81:(
71:)
67:(
57:)
53:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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