1287:
1230:
1105:
1525:
1067:
1369:
1416:
412:
31:
1699:. On 7 March, the border was reopened for two days to facilitate the return of people to their respective countries who had earlier crossed the border on valid visas. The decision was taken after repeated requests by Afghanistan's government to avert 'a humanitarian crisis'. According to a Pakistani official, 24,000 Afghans returned to Afghanistan, while 700 Pakistanis returned to Pakistan, before the border was indefinitely closed again. On 20 March, Pakistani Prime Minister
5037:
1776:
52:
5438:
5047:
1790:
64:
703:
305:
524:
1899:
1591:
Much of the northern and central Durand line is quite mountainous, where crossing the border is often only practical in the numerous passes through the mountains. Border crossing is very common, especially among
Pashtuns who cross to meet relatives or to work. The movement of people across the border
1639:
were fired from
Pakistan, hitting civilian targets inside Afghanistan. The Afghan statement claimed that attacks by Pakistan resulted in the deaths of 42 Afghan civilians, including 30 men and 12 women and girls, wounded 55 others and destroyed 120 homes. Although Pakistan claimed it was an accident
1009:
has seen with regret the disagreements between the
Governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan about the status of the territories on the North West Frontier. It is His Majesty's Government's view that Pakistan is in international law the inheritor of the rights and duties of the old Government of India
1392:
not only refuses to recognise the Durand Line as the international border between the two countries, it claims that the
Pashtun territories of Pakistan rightly belong to Afghanistan. The Durand Line Agreement makes no mention of a time limit, thus suggesting the treaty has no expiry date. In 2004,
1035:
The members of the
Council declared that their governments recognised that the sovereignty of Pakistan extends up to the Durand Line, the international boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan, and it was consequently affirmed that the Treaty area referred to in Articles IV and VIII of the Treaty
943:
movement advocated a united India, and not a united
Afghanistan – highlighting the extent to which infrastructure and instability together began to erode Pashtun self-identification with Afghanistan. By the time of independence, popular opinion amongst Pashtuns was split amongst the majority who
1500:
quickly removed them and began shelling
Pakistani positions. Leaders in Pakistan said the fencing was a way to prevent Taliban militants from crossing over between the two nations, but Afghan President Hamid Karzai believed that it is Islamabad's plan to permanently separate the Pashtun tribes.
1463:
If they don't stop, the consequences will be ... that the region will suffer with us equally. In the past we have suffered alone; this time everybody will suffer with us.... Any effort to divide
Afghanistan ethnically or weaken it will create the same thing in the neighboring countries. All the
287:, former prime minister and president of Afghanistan, vigorously opposed the border and launched a propaganda war – however during his visit to Pakistan in August 1976 he softened his tone by recognising the Durand line as the border. In 2017, amid cross-border tensions, former Afghan President
1454:
calling for the building of a fence on the Durand Line have been met with resistance from numerous
Pashtun political parties in Afghanistan. Pashtun politicians in Afghanistan strenuously object to even the existence of the Durand Line border. In 2006 Afghan President Hamid Karzai warned that
1760:
the barrier is also necessary to block the infiltration of militants across the border. As of
January 2019, 900 km has been completed. The Durand Line is marked by 235 crossing points, many of which had been susceptible to illegal immigration. The project is predicted to cost at least $
1572:
goods. Kidnappings and murders are frequent. Militants frequently cross the border from both sides to conduct attacks. In June 2011 more than 500 Taliban militants entered Upper Dir area from Afghanistan and killed more than 30 Pakistani security forces. Police said the attackers targeted a
1309:
After the collapse of the pro-Soviet Afghan government in 1992, Pakistan, despite Article 2 of the Durand Line Agreement which states "The Government of India will at no time exercise interference in the territories lying beyond this line on the side of Afghanistan", attempted to create a
1665:
in which 24 Pakistani soldiers were killed. In response to that incident, Pakistan decided to cut off all NATO supply lines as well as boost border security by installing anti-aircraft guns and radars to monitor air activity. Regarding the Durand Line, some rival maps are said to display
771:
and made them Muslims. Concurrently, Afridi tribesmen began rising up in arms against the British, creating a zone of instability between Peshawar and the Durand Line. Further, frequent skirmishes and wars between the Afghanistan and India starting in the 1870s made travel between
1660:
The United States and other NATO states often ignored this sensitive issue, likely because of potential effects on their war strategy in Afghanistan. Their involvement could have strained relations and jeopardized their own national interests in the area. This came after the
1718:(WTO) claimed that Afghanistan suffered a loss of 90 million U.S. dollars as a result of closure of border by Pakistan. On 27 May 2017, Pakistan reopened the border after a request from Afghan authorities, marking the end of the border closure that lasted 22 days.
4784:
1678:
to check movement of terrorists and smugglers across border into Pakistan from Afghanistan. Plans to expand this trench/ berm/ fence work were announced in March 2017. The plans also included building 338 checkpoints and forts along the border by 2019.
562:
was signed in 1880. Afghanistan ceded control of various frontier areas to India. The British failed in their objective to maintain a British resident in Kabul but having attained their other geopolitical objectives, the British withdrew.
5003:
1474:
Aimal Faizi, spokesman for the Afghan President, stated in October 2012 that the Durand Line is "an issue of historical importance for Afghanistan. The Afghan people, not the government, can take a final decision on it."
967:
in response to cross-border fire from the Afghan side. In response, the Afghan government declared that it recognised "neither the imaginary Durand nor any similar line" and that all previous Durand Line agreements were
1713:
Pakistan's decision to close the border was to force Afghanistan to take action against militant groups who were using Afghanistan's soil to carry out cross-border attacks against Pakistan. An Afghan diplomat at the
1483:
In July 2003, Pakistani and Afghan forces clashed over border posts. The Afghan government claimed that the Pakistani military established bases up to 600 meters inside Afghanistan in the Yaqubi area near bordering
1535:
The border area between Afghanistan and Pakistan has long been one of the most dangerous places in the world, due largely to very little government control. It is legal and common in the region to carry guns, and
4811:
No Man's Land – Where the imperialists' Great Game once unfolded, tribal allegiances have made for a "soft border" between Afghanistan and Pakistan – and a safe haven for smugglers, militants and
3655:
3986:
1488:. The Yaqubi and Yaqubi Kandao (Pass) area were later found to fall within Afghanistan. In 2007, Pakistan erected fences and posts a few hundred metres inside Afghanistan near the border-straddling bazaar of
1576:
The governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan are both trying to extend the rule of law into the border areas. At the same time, the United States is reviewing the Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (ROZ)
2997:(OAU) charter and the 1964 Cairo Declaration, both of which "proclaimed the acceptance of colonial borders as the borders between independent states...through the legal principle of uti possidetis."
2495:
4454:
1339:
and a delegation of about 95 Taliban visited Pakistan. The Taliban refused to endorse the Durand Line despite pressure from Islamabad, arguing that there shall be no borders among Muslims. When the
5033:
3365:
3179:
2902:
4508:
2086:
Where the imperialists' Great Game once unfolded, tribal allegiances have made for a "soft border" between Afghanistan and Pakistan—and a safe haven for smugglers, militants and terrorists
4539:
3836:
4677:
4037:
3209:
4353:
2340:
5409:
4655:
4222:
4125:
1272:-created Afghan secret intelligence agency) for terrorist bombings in Pakistan's cities in 1987 and 1988. It is also believed that Afghanistan's PDPA government supported the
3301:
5326:
5168:
5025:
1256:(CIA) of the United States, recruited mujahideen militant groups on the Pakistani side of the Durand line to cross into Afghanistan's territory for missions to topple the
4481:
4254:
4059:
1388:
border, including naming the "Durand Line 2310 km (1893)" as an "International Boundary Line" on their home page. However, a map in an article from the Pashtun-dominated
4626:
2161:
3270:
859:
The two high contracting parties mutually accept the Indo-Afghan frontier as accepted by the Afghan Government under Article V of the Treaty concluded on August 8, 1919
3652:
1405:
Recurrent claims that (the) Durand Treaty expired in 1993 are unfounded. Cartographic depictions of boundary conflict with each other, but Treaty depictions are clear.
4319:
2301:
651:
The initial and primary demarcation, a joint Indo-Afghan survey and mapping effort, covered 1,300 kilometres (800 mi) and took place from 1894 to 1896. Detailed
3982:
2213:
But Afghanistan has never accepted the legitimacy of this border, arguing that it was intended to demarcate spheres of influence rather than international frontiers.
780:
almost impossible. As a result, travel across the boundary was almost entirely halted. Further, the British recruited tens of thousands of local Pashtuns into the
3956:
3435:
3384:
4287:
4389:
1640:
and just routine anti-Taliban operations, some analysts believe that it could have been a show of strength by Islamabad. For example, a senior official at the
792:
and away from Kabul. By the time of Indian independence, political opinion was divided into those who supported a homeland for Muslim Indians in the shape of
673:
to China, including the Wakhan Corridor, was declared demarcated by virtue of its continuous, distinct watershed ridgeline, leaving only the section near the
5384:
1915:"The total length of the boundary which had been delimited and demarcated between March 1894 and May 1896, amounted to 800 miles". The long stretch from the
4092:
3089:
2480:
4444:
4156:
3726:
3931:
3362:
3169:
1191:
The two countries are major trade partners, and therefore the various border crossings are economically important for the wider region, particularly the
5115:
4597:
3604:
2864:
948:. When the idea of a united India failed, Ghaffar Khan pledged allegiance to Pakistan and started campaigning for the autonomy of Pakistan's Pashtuns.
4422:
5273:
5098:
3969:
Nearly a dozen missiles were fired from Pakistan into Afghanistan's southeastern Khost province over the past 24 hours, border police said on Friday.
2832:
2196:
1439:, it continues to be a source of tension between the governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan. In August 2007, Pakistani politician and the leader of
1186:
3334:
2536:
5311:
5018:
4862:
4504:
2894:
2782:
1956:
4779:
5173:
3867:
2962:
2733:
578:
as well as improving diplomatic relations and trade. On 12 November 1893, the Durand Line Agreement was reached. The two parties later camped at
241:
survey took place starting from 1894, covering some 800 miles (1,300 km) of the border. Established towards the end of the British–Russian "
4561:
4531:
3042:
Presented at the Shambaugh Conference "Building Synergies: Institutions and Cooperation in World Politics," University of Iowa, 13 October 2006.
1615:
and local defence militias suffered deadly cross-border raids. In response the Pakistani military shelled some Afghan villages in Afghanistan's
222:
and improve diplomatic relations and trade. Britain considered Afghanistan to be an independent state at the time, although they controlled its
5419:
5414:
5067:
3231:
3035:
1340:
1050:
recognised Durand Line as international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. He made this declaration while he was on an official visit to
4770:
3840:
6177:
5141:
4945:
4685:
1707:
1286:
4034:
5783:
4748:
3201:
2661:
636:
4341:
3673:
3532:
2270:
1354:
does not recognize Durand Line as its international border. No Afghan government has recognized the Durand Line as its border since 1947.
1159:
are located along the border: Nimroz, Helmand, Kandahar, Zabul, Paktika, Khost, Paktia, Logar, Nangarhar, Kunar, Nuristan and Badakhshan.
283:
Although the Durand Line is internationally recognized as the western border of Pakistan, it remains largely unrecognized in Afghanistan.
6172:
6167:
5441:
5011:
3409:
2324:
1813:
908:
supports, the position that it should not require an agreement to set the boundary; courts in several countries around the world and the
406:
2038:
1852:
1674:
In June 2016, Pakistan announced that it had completed 1,100 km of trenches along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border (Durand Line) in
5331:
5178:
5153:
5136:
1808:
1764:
As of 21 January 2022 the interior minister of Pakistan stated that only 20 km of fencing remains and it will be completed soon .
1632:
1464:
countries in the neighborhood have the same ethnic groups that we have, so they should know that it is a different ball game this time.
1381:
1265:
1648:
I'm speculating, but natural possibilities include a signal to Karzai and to (the United States) that we can't push Pakistan too hard.
5369:
4753:
4647:
2240:
223:
4115:
4012:
6182:
6162:
5936:
5213:
5146:
4208:
2703:
2606:
1928:
1336:
1229:
909:
1010:
and of his Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom in these territories and that the Durand Line is the international frontier.
5352:
4968:
4895:
3293:
2754:
1727:
1514:
1234:
1212:
4477:
1884:
6192:
6187:
6121:
5389:
4244:
4055:
999:
3699:
763:
Shortly after demarcation of the Durand Line, the British began connecting the region on their side of the Durand Line to the
5491:
3262:
2815:
994:
879:
5158:
3907:
3146:
2932:
2457:
2415:
1644:
explained that because the shelling was of such a large scale, it was more likely a warning from Pakistan than an accident.
1097:) range is roughly in the middle of the Line. The western part of the Line meanwhile is lower and sparse, consisting of the
5193:
4855:
4309:
3814:
3784:
3007:
2171:
796:, those who supported reunification with Afghanistan, and those who believed that a united India would be a better option.
784:
and stationed them throughout India and southeast Asia. Exposure to India, combined with the ease of travel eastwards into
3626:
2293:
1934:
369:
6111:
6106:
6036:
4907:
4828:
4816:
2602:
1502:
1015:
685:, Envoy Extraordinary and Chief of the British Mission to Kabul." A very short adjustment to the demarcation was made at
587:
233:
The single-page Agreement, dated 12 November 1893, contains seven short articles, including a commitment not to exercise
3381:
341:
6131:
5268:
5163:
5041:
4742:
3948:
3427:
3140:
2451:
2409:
2382:
2334:
2032:
1923:, was declared demarcated by virtue of its continuous, distinct watershed ridgeline, leaving only the section near the
1818:
1333:
1302:
1257:
1024:
952:
875:
598:
4277:
427:
5473:
5218:
5110:
5093:
5062:
4938:
4912:
4902:
4810:
4375:
3886:
3516:
3494:
2063:
1394:
990:
883:
750:
547:
402:
388:
732:
6101:
5290:
5263:
5258:
4990:
2099:
1608:, aimed at improving the security situation and blocking the infiltration of insurgents into southern Afghanistan.
1006:
788:
and the difficulty of travel towards Afghanistan, led many Pashtuns to orient themselves towards the heartlands of
666:
The complete 20-page text of these detailed joint Indo-Afghan demarcation surveys is available in several sources.
348:
227:
4082:
2635:
6222:
6212:
6197:
5800:
5610:
4848:
3722:
1692:
1524:
1420:
1398:
1280:
988:
to enforce such a declaration due to both nations being constantly busy in wars with their other neighbours (See
546:-led Indian forces invaded Afghanistan and initiated a war with the Afghan rulers. Two years later, in 1842, the
215:
4148:
3753:
6207:
4712:
India also claims to have a border with Afghanistan on the eastern part of the Durand Line due to its claim on
4186:
3577:
2570:
1104:
1089:
range. These are regions of extreme high elevation, hence much of the Durand Line is bounded by mountains. The
838:
in May 1919. Afghan rulers reaffirmed in the 1919, 1921, and 1930 treaties to accept the Indo-Afghan frontier.
728:
326:
3928:
935:
or Pakistan. Further, by the time of the Indian independence movement, prominent Pashtun nationalists such as
5835:
5321:
5183:
3908:"S.496: Afghanistan and Pakistan Reconstruction Opportunity Zones Act of 2009 – U.S. Congress – OpenCongress"
2994:
1823:
1224:
1120:, is located along the border between two countries, while some of the highest peaks in the world, including
931:
Pashtun people living on the border with Afghanistan were given only the choice of becoming a part either of
355:
4789:
4785:
1934 Afghanistan & Britain exchange of treaty notes, borders in the neighbourhood of Arnawai and Dokalim
4589:
3596:
2872:
6217:
4931:
4880:
4412:
2669:
2103:
1703:
ordered the reopening of Afghanistan–Pakistan border as a "goodwill gesture", 32 days after it was closed.
1662:
1641:
1444:
1066:
724:
322:
3323:
2839:
2200:
6003:
5208:
4885:
4717:
3327:
2803:
2521:
1745:
1696:
1294:
1290:
1253:
851:
764:
250:
125:
107:
1710:
by Afghan forces and the resulting exchange of fire between the two sides, the border was closed again.
337:
6136:
5072:
3330:
3085:
1636:
944:
wished to join the newly formed state of Pakistan, and the minority who wished to become a part of the
481:. These Pashtuns were historically known as "Afghans" and are believed to be mentioned by that name in
234:
3862:
2972:
2699:
291:
said that Afghanistan will "never recognise" the Durand Line as the border between the two countries.
5675:
5545:
5404:
5131:
4980:
4975:
3562:
3547:
2760:
2725:
1978:
Hay, Maj. W. R. (October 1933). "Demarcation of the Indo-Afghan Boundary in the Vicinity of Arandu".
1351:
609:
3239:
3032:
655:
maps locating hundreds of boundary demarcation pillars were soon published and are available in the
477:
to the Pashtuns. It is believed that some of the early Arabs also settled among the Pashtuns in the
6116:
5931:
5394:
5306:
5188:
4985:
4767:
2948:
Jeffery J. Roberts, The Origins of Conflict in Afghanistan (Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2003), p. 121.
2833:"In the Shadow of the Durand Line; Security, Stability, and the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan"
1715:
1344:
1156:
713:
269:
6076:
6046:
6026:
5820:
4804:
4376:"Pakistani prime minister orders the reopening of border with Afghanistan, ending costly closure"
1518:
1389:
1264:
was one of two secret service agencies believed to have been conducting bombings in parts of the
1192:
717:
551:
315:
95:
2673:
6096:
6066:
6008:
5815:
5379:
5198:
4794:
4249:
3670:
3460:
3448:
No one will recognize it. It cannot separate the nation. The line has not separated the nation.
3407:
Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict
2967:
2266:
1588:
by providing jobs to a large number of the population on both sides of the Durand Line border.
1447:, urged Afghanistan to recognise the Durand Line. Press statements from 2005 to 2007 by former
815:
805:
629:
621:
594:
539:
195:
111:
3406:
2233:
624:, representing Amir Abdur Rahman Khan. The original 1893 Durand Line Agreement was written in
6126:
5898:
5715:
5466:
5251:
5236:
2022:
1848:
1675:
1540:
and explosives are common. Many forms of illegal activities take place, such as smuggling of
1448:
1216:
1166:
888:
Pakistan inherited the 1893 agreement and the subsequent 1919 Treaty of Rawalpindi after the
613:
543:
453:
261:
199:
6157:
2868:
1987:
1528:
1497:
1440:
905:
831:
575:
249:
between British and Russian interests in the region. The line, as slightly modified by the
207:
168:
3057:"Would India and Afghanistan have had a close relationship had Pakistan not been founded?"
1573:
checkpost, destroyed two schools and several houses, while killing a number of civilians.
972:. They also announced that the Durand ethnic division line had been imposed on them under
8:
6202:
5973:
5700:
5690:
5685:
5645:
5565:
4833:
4821:
3952:
3393:
1749:
1200:
1144:
1047:
964:
827:
781:
362:
219:
2695:
2595:
2374:
1991:
1521:
from the Afghan side to hit terrorist targets on the Pakistani side of the Durand Line.
1368:
1332:, even the Taliban leaders challenged the very existence of the Durand Line when former
6051:
6041:
5878:
5655:
5615:
5600:
5590:
5570:
5283:
4449:
4282:
2003:
1781:
1624:
1600:
are at times checked at official crossings. In June 2011 the United States installed a
1506:
1273:
1162:
936:
928:
889:
814:
between the governments of Afghanistan and India, especially after the outbreak of the
559:
478:
257:
121:
2838:. Monterrey, California: Naval Postgraduate School. pp. 22–27, 45. Archived from
1880:
639:, now known as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province of Pakistan which includes FATA and the
280:
perspective, it has been described as one of the most dangerous borders in the world.
6091:
6081:
5983:
5926:
5695:
5625:
5575:
5550:
5241:
5203:
4738:
4622:🇵🇰 'Trump-style wall': Pakistan building wall on Afghan border | Al Jazeera English
4566:
4380:
3348:
3136:
2915:
1919 (May), the outbreak of Third Anglo-Afghan War. British bomb Kabul and Jalalabad;
2811:
2776:
2447:
2405:
2378:
2330:
2028:
1950:
1616:
1410:
A spokesperson for U.S. State Department's Office of the Geographer and Global Issues
1298:
1249:
960:
945:
940:
823:
571:
555:
211:
4083:"Nato air attack on Pakistani troops was self-defence, says senior western official"
3033:"Territorial Integrity Treaties, Uti Possidetis, and Armed Conflict over Territory."
1415:
1268:(now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) during the early 1980s. U.S State Department blamed WAD (a
6056:
6031:
5993:
5868:
5790:
5735:
5730:
5605:
5540:
5519:
5459:
5246:
5088:
4385:
4218:
4152:
3691:
1995:
1741:
1581:
1493:
1485:
1451:
1328:
1319:
1170:
924:
declaration by one party has no effect; boundary changes must be made bilaterally.
640:
635:
The resulting agreement or treaty led to the creation of a new province called the
625:
605:
411:
265:
238:
3425:
1933:, K.C.I.E., C.B., C.M.G., Gold Medalist of the Royal Geographical Society (1940).
1401:
also pointed out that the Durand Line Agreement has no mention of an expiry date.
6071:
6061:
5858:
5763:
5758:
5750:
5680:
5595:
5535:
5514:
5374:
5228:
4774:
4314:
4120:
4041:
3935:
3915:
3890:
3871:
3677:
3659:
3520:
3498:
3413:
3388:
3369:
3130:
3039:
2936:
2929:
2898:
2441:
2399:
1920:
1795:
1597:
1577:
1109:
1098:
917:
843:
835:
660:
656:
527:
501:
482:
431:
203:
138:
3806:
3776:
3000:
2759:, K.C.I.E., C.B., C.M.G., Gold Medalist of the Royal Geographic Society (1940).
2367:
2132:
1631:
provinces resulting in a number of Afghan civilians being killed. Afghanistan's
194:
The Durand Line was established in 1893 as the international border between the
6086:
5883:
5843:
5805:
5778:
5640:
5560:
5278:
5105:
4532:"Pakistan opens Chaman border crossing on 'humanitarian grounds' after 22 days"
3630:
2166:
1733:
1653:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1510:
1428:
985:
617:
513:
509:
497:
4620:
1002:
held its view on the Afghan-Pakistan dispute over the Durand Line by stating:
30:
6151:
5888:
5873:
5725:
5650:
5580:
5509:
1903:
1585:
1537:
1436:
1237:
1071:
921:
789:
601:
550:
and the war ended. The British again invaded Afghanistan in 1878, during the
531:
505:
461:
156:
146:
3653:
Clash erupts between Afghan, Pakistani forces over border fence – South Asia
1513:, Afghanistan, seven kilometres west of Angoor Ada, from 2002. In 2009, the
1124:, are a short distance to the east of the Line's end on the Pakistani side.
842:
The Afghan Government accepts the Indo–Afghan frontier accepted by the late
5998:
5978:
5795:
5710:
5670:
5660:
5635:
5630:
5585:
5499:
5424:
5364:
4678:"2680kms fencing along Pak-Afghan border completed, Sh Rashid tells Senate"
4087:
3534:
Pashtuns on both sides of Pak-Afghan border show opposition to fencing plan
3081:
1700:
1347:
1323:
1311:
1136:
897:
678:
593:
From the British-Indian side, the camp was attended by Mortimer Durand and
489:
288:
277:
273:
3883:
3513:
3491:
3351:'s special envoy and ambassador to the Afghan resistance from 1989 to 1992
3006:. Department of Political Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee.
2073:
1090:
1075:
864:
Article II of the November 22, 1921 finalising of the Treaty of Rawalpindi
94:
Signing of the Durand Line Agreement at the end of the first phase of the
5893:
5853:
5768:
5720:
5705:
5451:
5347:
5036:
4840:
4780:
A detailed study paper by the European Foundation for South Asian Studies
2756:
1930:
1924:
1916:
1605:
1424:
1276:
1241:
1196:
1140:
1132:
1128:
811:
682:
681:, "Chief of the Afghan Government for the conclusion of the treaty" and "
674:
670:
517:
457:
246:
172:
57:
4805:"Rethinking the Durand Line: The Legality of the Afghan-Pakistan Border"
4505:"Pakistan closes Durand Line, causes $ 90 mn trade loss for Afghanistan"
2107:
554:. The British decided to accept a new Amir who was a British opponent –
5863:
5848:
5810:
5620:
5504:
4179:"Former TTP spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan has turned himself in: Pak Army"
3426:
admin interview with former President Hamid Karzai (2 September 2016).
2631:
2481:"Pak-Afghan relations during Z.A. Bhutto Era: The dynamics of Cold War"
2234:"Carnegie Papers – Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations in the Post-9/11 Era"
2007:
1601:
1489:
1279:
organization of Pakistan, the group accused of the 1981 hijacking of a
1082:
969:
956:
869:
768:
652:
579:
493:
329: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
284:
242:
180:
4923:
2726:"Kingdoms of South Asia – Afghanistan (Southern Khorasan / Arachosia)"
1431:
and government officials right in front of the Afghan-Pakistani border
1143:
all cross the Durand Line. At the very western end of the line is the
677:
to be finally demarcated in the treaty of 22 November 1921, signed by
426:
The area through which the Durand Line runs has been inhabited by the
5740:
5665:
5555:
5316:
4795:"The Durand Line: History and Problems of the Afghan-Pakistan Border"
4213:
3749:
3416:
By John F. Shroder. Elselvier, San Diego, California, USA. 2014. p290
3170:"Afghan Taliban seize border crossing with Pakistan in major advance"
2191:
2189:
2137:
1753:
1737:
1086:
1051:
901:
893:
819:
777:
485:
449:
439:
415:
4178:
3056:
2930:
End of Imaginary Durrand Line: North Pakistan belongs to Afghanistan
2562:
1999:
984:. This had no tangible effect as there has never been a move in the
702:
488:
as early as the 10th century. The Pashtun area (known today as the "
304:
268:
of northern and western Pakistan from the northeastern and southern
5482:
5046:
4417:
4345:
4035:"Terrorist Safe Havens in Pakistan Must Go, Joint Chiefs Head Says"
2810:. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. pp. 182–208.
2657:
2068:
1757:
1593:
1584:, which is supposed to help the economic status of the Pashtun and
1569:
1557:
1545:
1385:
1199:
that is also the main land connection between Central Asia and the
1174:
1055:
973:
793:
773:
176:
69:
4562:"Pakistan-Afghanistan border fence, a step in the right direction"
4278:"Closed Afghan-Pakistani Border Is Becoming 'Humanitarian Crisis'"
3001:"Territorial Integrity Treaties and Armed Conflict over Territory"
2294:"Afghanistan and Pakistan: The Poisoned Legacy of the Durand Line"
2186:
523:
5951:
5399:
4713:
4349:
4116:"1,100km trench built alongside Pak-Afghan border in Balochistan"
4013:"Afghanistan, Pakistan to coordinate amid cross-border confusion"
3174:
2443:
Humanitarian Invasion: Global Development in Cold War Afghanistan
1902:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1881:"A Selection of Historical Maps of Afghanistan – The Durand Line"
1688:
1565:
1531:
check travellers' passports at Torkham Gate in Nangarhar province
1373:
1315:
1028:
916:
that binding bilateral agreements are "passed down" to successor
904:
and Kabul. Pakistan believes, and international convention under
470:
444:
419:
253:, was inherited by Pakistan in 1947, following its independence.
4817:
Culture, Politics Hinder U.S. Effort to Bolster Pakistani Border
2656:
2563:"Afghanistan will never recognise the Durand Line: Hamid Karzai"
5773:
5410:
United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan
3807:"Six Pakistanis held in Afghanistan on timber smuggling charge"
3692:"NEWKERALA.COM for News, Information & Entertainment Stuff"
1973:
1828:
1803:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1220:
1117:
981:
977:
785:
686:
435:
2162:"The World's Most Dangerous Borders: Afghanistan and Pakistan"
5825:
5359:
3031:
Hensel, Paul R.; Michael E. Allison and Ahmed Khanani (2006)
2865:"The Road to Kabul: British armies in Afghanistan, 1839–1919"
2763:. London: Macmillian & Co. Ltd. pp. 182–188, 200–208
1358:
A line of hatred that raised a wall between the two brothers.
1301:
fighters crossing the Durand Line to fight the Soviet-backed
932:
583:
567:
474:
467:
188:
5169:
1995 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul, Afghanistan
4648:"The Fence Driving a Wedge Between Pakistan and Afghanistan"
3428:"We will respect Pashtuns' decision on Pashtunistan: Karzai"
2895:"Afghanistan 1919–1928: Sources in the India Office Records"
1350:
also began resisting the Durand Line, and today the present
643:. It also led to Afghanistan receiving Nuristan and Wakhan.
3837:"Pakistan suggests curbs to end smuggling from Afghanistan"
1456:
1261:
818:
when Afghanistan's capital (Kabul) and its eastern city of
245:" rivalry, the resulting line established Afghanistan as a
184:
4807:, published in the RUSI Journal, Oct 2009, Vol. 154, No. 5
1669:
1397:'s Office of the Geographer and Global Issues and British
570:
by the Government of India to sign an agreement with Amir
4478:"Closed Pakistan-Afghan Border Causes Pain, Trade Losses"
4445:"Pakistan-Afghanistan crossing closed after border clash"
1269:
1155:
The border is 2,611 km (1,622 mi) long. Twelve
646:
3464:
1687:
On 16 February, Pakistan closed the border crossings at
456:
inhabit the southern end of the line, which runs in the
3949:"Pakistan fires missiles into Khost, say border police"
2326:
Afghanistan from the Cold War through the War on Terror
1937:. London: MacMillan & Co. pp. 182–188, 200–208
1121:
4310:"People throng Torkham as border reopens for two days"
4245:"Pak-Afghan border closed for indefinite period: ISPR"
3750:"Soldiers disrupt timber smuggling in Afghan province"
3088:. United States: Library of Congress Country Studies.
2830:
2360:
2358:
2199:. Pajhwok Afghan News. 24 October 2012. Archived from
1756:
and infiltration across the Durand Line. According to
965:
bombed a village on the Afghan side of the Durand Line
5385:
Inter-Services Intelligence activities in Afghanistan
3294:"F.B.I. Allowed to Investigate Crash That Killed Zia"
3202:"So called "terrorist camps" (in 1989?) and training"
1592:
has largely been unchecked or uncontrolled, although
692:
473:
conquered the area in the 7th century and introduced
16:
International border between Afghanistan and Pakistan
3461:"Afghan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office (AGCHO)"
2993:
Over 90% of present African nations signed both the
1771:
1682:
870:
Territorial dispute between Afghanistan and Pakistan
799:
4790:
The Durand Line Agreement (1893): Its Pros and Cons
4768:
Text of the Durand Line Agreement, 12 November 1893
2355:
1074:'s peak in the background, the highest peak of the
5116:Pakistan and Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan peace talks
4618:
3774:
2802:
2366:
1031:, capital of Pakistan at the time, it was stated:
4056:"Pakistan boosts border security after airstrike"
3983:"Afghanistan won't fire back on Pakistan: Karzai"
3590:
3588:
3224:
3132:Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to present
2435:
2433:
2401:Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to present
1459:and Pakistan and others are not fooling anyone."
6149:
5327:Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline
3680:. Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved on 12 July 2013.
2522:"Pakistan-Afghanistan relation: Historic Mirror"
2072:. United States. 1 February 2004. Archived from
1435:Because the Durand Line divides the Pashtun and
1108:A view towards the border in Pakistan, taken in
5174:2003 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul
3777:"Timber smuggling from Afghanistan on the rise"
3514:Fazl urges Afghanistan to recognise Durand Line
2133:"Japanese nationals not killed in Pakistan: FO"
2024:Battleground: Government and Politics, Volume 1
1568:, and electronic products, as well as ordinary
1180:
590:(FATA) of Pakistan, to delineate the frontier.
237:beyond the Durand Line. A joint British-Afghan
5420:United Nations Security Council Resolution 647
5415:United Nations Security Council Resolution 622
4735:Durand's Curse: A Line Across the Pathan Heart
3864:36 soldiers die in cross-border Chitral attack
3747:
3585:
2634:. Translated by Rawlinson, George. piney.com.
2430:
1007:His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom
5467:
5019:
4939:
4856:
1972:An adjustment to the demarcation was made at
1666:discrepancies of as much as five kilometres.
1611:Throughout June and into July 2011, Pakistan
1252:, the ISI, with support and funding from the
1187:List of Afghanistan–Pakistan border crossings
767:. Meanwhile, Abdur Rahman Khan conquered the
5312:Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement
4342:"Pakistan indefinitely closes Afghan border"
3486:
3484:
3482:
3363:The Unholy Durand Line, Buffering the Buffer
2781:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1955:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1384:(AGCHO) depicts the line on their maps as a
1046:In 1976, the then president of Afghanistan,
4475:
2998:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2446:. Cambridge University Press. p. 125.
2364:
2197:"No change in stance on Durand Line: Faizi"
1874:
1872:
1870:
1478:
1085:, while its eastern end by China is in the
731:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
566:In 1893, Mortimer Durand was dispatched to
407:Military history of the North-West Frontier
5481:
5474:
5460:
5332:Mazar-i-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar railway line
5179:2010 attack on Pakistan ambassador to Iran
5154:Pakistan International Airlines Flight 326
5026:
5012:
4946:
4932:
4870:
4863:
4849:
4502:
4149:"Pakistan Begins Fencing of Afghan Border"
4080:
4053:
4006:
4004:
3579:Durand Line not a legitimate border: Zoori
3128:
2688:
2520:Durani, Mohib ullah; Khan, Ashraf (2009).
2519:
2397:
2058:
2056:
1382:Afghan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office
574:for fixing the limits of their respective
256:The Durand line cuts through to demarcate
183:. The western end runs to the border with
151:
29:
4413:"Pak-Afghan border reopens after 32 days"
3929:Biometric system installed in Spin Boldak
3479:
3135:. Hurst & Co. Publisher. p. 84.
2987:
2662:"History of the Mohamedan Power in India"
2478:
2404:. Hurst & Co. Publisher. p. 84.
810:The Durand Line triggered a long-running
751:Learn how and when to remove this message
586:in Afghanistan, which is now part of the
534:. The Durand Line is named in his honour.
389:Learn how and when to remove this message
35:Map marking the Durand Line border in red
5214:2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan
4529:
3050:
3048:
2789:
2650:
2560:
2292:Micallef, Joseph V. (21 November 2015).
2291:
1927:, which was finally demarcated in 1921:
1867:
1523:
1414:
1367:
1285:
1228:
1103:
1065:
530:, British diplomat and civil servant in
522:
410:
294:
5442:Category:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
4953:
4829:"Border Complicates War in Afghanistan"
4010:
4001:
3980:
3492:No Man's Land – Neighbor's Interference
3372:by Dr. G. Rauf Roashan. 11 August 2001.
3356:
3232:"Pakistan Knocking at the Nuclear Door"
2488:Pakistan Journal of History and Culture
2097:
2053:
2020:
1814:Afghanistan–Pakistan Confederation plan
1670:Trench being built alongside the border
1515:International Security Assistance Force
1326:. According to a summer 2001 report in
1233:Afghan mujahideen representatives with
452:as early as the 1st millennium BC. The
218:, to fix the limit of their respective
187:and the eastern end to the border with
167:, is a 2,640-kilometre (1,640 mi)
6150:
5390:Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism
5137:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
5068:Ambassadors of Afghanistan to Pakistan
4718:Borders of India#Land borders of India
4619:Al Jazeera English (29 January 2019),
4410:
4290:from the original on 13 September 2018
4275:
3564:Fencing plan may defame Pakistan: Fazl
3260:
3167:
3080:
2956:
2954:
2824:
2590:
2588:
2159:
2100:"The Troubled Afghan-Pakistani Border"
1883:. United States: Library of Congress.
1809:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
1695:due to security reasons following the
1027:) Ministerial Council Meeting held at
1000:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
647:Demarcation surveys on the Durand Line
5455:
5007:
4927:
4844:
4469:
4257:from the original on 24 February 2017
4189:from the original on 3 September 2017
4128:from the original on 9 September 2017
3884:The Frontier Post, Pakistan, Peshawar
3594:
3453:
3438:from the original on 7 September 2016
3092:from the original on 16 February 2013
3045:
2960:
2925:
2923:
2748:
2632:"The History of Herodotus, Chapter 7"
2439:
2322:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
1968:
1966:
1878:
1177:share a border with the Durand Line.
1070:Borki, a village at the border, with
612:. The Afghan side was represented by
6178:1893 establishments in British India
5194:February 2017 Lahore suicide bombing
4209:"Pak. closes Afghan border crossing"
4113:
3959:from the original on 2 December 2011
3817:from the original on 1 November 2013
3787:from the original on 1 November 2013
3756:from the original on 1 November 2013
3702:from the original on 20 January 2012
3503:
3291:
3261:Kaplan, Robert D. (23 August 1989).
3168:Sediqi, Abdul Qadir (14 July 2021).
3054:
2905:from the original on 16 January 2017
2638:from the original on 5 February 2012
2501:from the original on 10 January 2020
2304:from the original on 24 October 2017
2127:
2125:
1855:from the original on 10 January 2021
1517:(ISAF) and American CIA began using
729:adding citations to reliable sources
696:
496:in the 10th century followed by the
327:adding citations to reliable sources
298:
160:
4629:from the original on 7 October 2019
4590:"Focus on bilateral border dispute"
4225:from the original on 16 August 2021
4146:
4095:from the original on 1 October 2013
4062:from the original on 5 October 2015
3775:Abdul Sami Paracha (28 June 2002).
3570:
3212:from the original on 10 August 2009
3149:from the original on 16 August 2021
2963:"Durand Line Treaty has not lapsed"
2951:
2761:"A History of Afghanistan, Vol. II"
2706:from the original on 8 January 2008
2603:Library of Congress Country Studies
2585:
2542:from the original on 26 August 2018
2460:from the original on 16 August 2021
2418:from the original on 16 August 2021
2343:from the original on 16 August 2021
2098:Bajoria, Jayshree (20 March 2009).
2041:from the original on 16 August 2021
1977:
1887:from the original on 9 January 2019
1728:Afghanistan–Pakistan border barrier
1604:system at the border crossing near
1213:Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)
1206:
669:In 1896, the long stretch from the
588:Federally Administered Tribal Areas
150:
142:
13:
6173:1893 establishments in Afghanistan
5164:1994 Peshawar school bus hijacking
4727:
4600:from the original on 16 March 2019
4511:from the original on 12 April 2017
4425:from the original on 21 March 2017
4392:from the original on 28 March 2017
4356:from the original on 22 March 2017
4322:from the original on 22 March 2017
4159:from the original on 25 March 2017
3839:. 30 November 2009. Archived from
3729:from the original on 2 August 2013
3337:from the original on 5 August 2011
3304:from the original on 15 April 2019
3273:from the original on 15 April 2019
2920:
2887:
2736:from the original on 27 March 2019
2718:
2573:from the original on 4 August 2019
2479:ur Rahman, Hanif (December 2012).
2246:from the original on 8 August 2017
2218:
1963:
1935:"A History of Afghanistan Vol. II"
1036:includes the area up to that Line.
1025:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
693:Cultural impact of the Durand Line
14:
6234:
5219:2023 Chitral cross-border attacks
5111:Six plus Two Group on Afghanistan
5094:Economic Cooperation Organization
5063:Embassy of Afghanistan, Islamabad
4658:from the original on 30 July 2020
4484:from the original on 1 March 2017
4011:Nichols, Michelle (7 July 2011).
3989:from the original on 6 March 2019
3671:Fire Base Shkin / Fire Base Checo
3182:from the original on 23 July 2021
3013:from the original on 27 July 2011
2961:Hasan, Khalid (1 February 2004).
2666:Persian Literature in Translation
2612:from the original on 8 April 2014
2561:Siddiqui, Naveed (5 March 2017).
2273:from the original on 29 July 2019
2122:
1732:Pakistan has been constructing a
1721:
1683:2017 border closure and reopening
1150:
927:At the time of independence, the
884:Afghan civil war (disambiguation)
880:War in Afghanistan (1978–present)
800:India declares war on Afghanistan
403:European influence in Afghanistan
5437:
5436:
5291:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
5045:
5035:
4749:"Special Issue: The Durand Line"
4542:from the original on 27 May 2017
4530:Siddiqui, Naveed (28 May 2017).
3720:
3607:from the original on 23 May 2009
3263:"How Zia's Death Helped the U.S"
2264:
2232:Grare, Frédéric (October 2006).
1897:
1788:
1774:
959:was held in Afghanistan after a
892:in 1947. There has never been a
890:partition from the British India
850:Article V of the August 8, 1919
701:
303:
62:
50:
6183:1893 in international relations
5159:1990 Afghan coup d'état attempt
4670:
4640:
4612:
4582:
4554:
4523:
4496:
4457:from the original on 7 May 2017
4437:
4404:
4368:
4334:
4302:
4269:
4237:
4201:
4171:
4140:
4107:
4081:Boone, Jon (27 November 2011).
4074:
4054:Wire Staff (10 December 2011).
4047:
4027:
3974:
3941:
3922:
3900:
3877:
3855:
3829:
3799:
3768:
3741:
3714:
3683:
3664:
3646:
3619:
3555:
3540:
3525:
3419:
3400:
3375:
3316:
3285:
3254:
3238:. 30 March 1987. Archived from
3194:
3161:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3074:
3025:
2942:
2857:
2831:Muhammad Qaiser Janjua (2009).
2624:
2554:
2513:
2472:
2391:
2316:
2285:
2258:
2160:Walker, Philip (24 June 2011).
2153:
1708:attack on Pakistani census team
1469:Hamid Karzai, February 17, 2006
1399:Foreign and Commonwealth Office
1281:Pakistan International Airlines
1258:Soviet-backed Afghan government
314:needs additional citations for
6168:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
6132:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
5269:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
5042:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
4706:
4276:Mashal, Mujib (5 March 2017).
3981:Shalizi, Hamid (1 July 2011).
3748:Amber Robinson (9 June 2009).
3689:
3382:"Pakistan's Ethnic Fault Line"
3055:Rahi, Arwin (22 August 2017).
2808:Map of Mainland Asia by Treaty
2596:"Country Profile: Afghanistan"
2091:
2014:
1909:
1879:Smith, Cynthia (August 2004).
1841:
1819:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
1343:was removed in late 2001, the
955:were rapidly deteriorating, a
876:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
264:, and the contested region of
1:
6193:Modern history of Afghanistan
6188:History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
5322:Khyber Pass Economic Corridor
5184:2014 Peshawar school massacre
4411:Afzaal, Ali (21 March 2017).
4114:Butt, Qaiser (20 June 2016).
3549:More protests against fencing
3324:"Interview with Peter Tomsen"
3292:Pear, Robert (25 June 1989).
2995:Organisation of African Unity
2369:Afghanistan: A Modern History
2267:"Why the Durand Line Matters"
1834:
1824:Khyber Pass Economic Corridor
1283:plane from Karachi to Kabul.
1225:CIA activities in Afghanistan
434:, at least since 500 BC. The
79:2,640 km (1,640 mi)
5264:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)
5259:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)
3897:. Retrieved on 12 July 2013.
2670:Packard Humanities Institute
2365:Rasanayagam, Angelo (2005).
2141:. Pakistan. 7 September 2005
2104:Council on Foreign Relations
1642:Council on Foreign Relations
1181:Border crossings and economy
1061:
963:from the Pakistan Air Force
912:have universally upheld via
637:North-West Frontier Province
628:, with translated copies in
422:during the 1st millennium BC
206:, a British diplomat of the
7:
6163:Afghanistan–Pakistan border
6004:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
5209:2021 anti-Pakistan protests
4797:Bijan Omrani, published in
4147:Gul, Ayaz (25 March 2017).
3597:"RFE/RL Afghanistan Report"
3129:Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005).
2398:Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005).
2329:. Oxford University Press.
1767:
1254:Central Intelligence Agency
1081:The border is south of the
765:North Western State Railway
251:Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919
165:Afghanistan–Pakistan border
110:ratified at the end of the
108:Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919
10:
6239:
6137:War in North-West Pakistan
6097:Afghan War of Independence
5073:Embassy of Pakistan, Kabul
4754:Internationales Asienforum
3627:"Geonames Query Home Page"
3206:Support Daniel Boyd's Blog
2971:. Pakistan. Archived from
2323:Rubin, Barnett R. (2013).
2021:Uradnik, Kathleen (2011).
1725:
1663:November 2011 NATO bombing
1210:
1184:
1048:Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan
873:
803:
492:" region) fell within the
460:that separates the ethnic
442:mentioned a people called
400:
285:Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan
6017:
5964:
5944:
5920:
5907:
5834:
5749:
5676:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
5546:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai
5528:
5490:
5433:
5405:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
5340:
5299:
5227:
5132:Insurgency in Balochistan
5124:
5081:
5055:
4959:
4876:
4801:, vol. 40, Issue 2, 2009.
3723:"Pakistan's Tribal Areas"
3110:Durand Line, 1956, p. 12.
2658:Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah
1390:Government of Afghanistan
1352:Government of Afghanistan
953:Afghan–Pakistan relations
616:and a former governor of
610:Governor General of India
528:Sir Henry Mortimer Durand
124:, Durand Line Agreement,
117:
101:
88:
83:
75:
45:
40:
28:
23:
5932:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
5395:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
5307:Afghanistan Oil Pipeline
5189:2015 Camp Badaber attack
4015:. United States: Reuters
3870:16 November 2011 at the
3119:Durand Line, 1956, p. 13
3086:"The Pashtunistan Issue"
2935:16 December 2009 at the
2027:. ABC-CLIO. p. 18.
1919:to China, including the
1716:World Trade Organization
1635:claimed that nearly 800
1519:unmanned aerial vehicles
1479:Recent border skirmishes
1334:Afghan Interior Minister
1314:in Afghanistan prior to
995:Civil war in Afghanistan
270:provinces of Afghanistan
6077:Second Anglo-Afghan War
6047:Third Battle of Panipat
6027:First Battle of Panipat
5937:People's Peace Movement
5821:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano
4040:17 January 2012 at the
3658:23 January 2013 at the
3519:30 October 2010 at the
3497:10 October 2008 at the
2700:Encyclopædia Britannica
2440:Nunan, Timothy (2016).
2373:. I.B. Tauris. p.
1706:On 5 May, following an
552:Second Anglo-Afghan War
96:Second Anglo-Afghan War
6223:History of Balochistan
6213:Borders of Afghanistan
6198:Eponymous border lines
6009:Anti-Pashtun sentiment
5816:Adam Khan and Durkhani
5199:Sehwan suicide bombing
4871:Borders of Afghanistan
4250:The News International
3391:by Selig S. Harrison,
1851:. CIA World Factbook.
1736:since 2017 to prevent
1658:
1532:
1472:
1432:
1413:
1377:
1366:
1306:
1245:
1113:
1078:
1044:
1021:
951:On 26 July 1949, when
867:
856:
816:Third Anglo-Afghan War
806:Third Anglo-Afghan War
689:(Arnawai) in 1933–34.
622:Sardar Shireendil Khan
595:Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum
540:First Anglo-Afghan War
535:
423:
196:Emirate of Afghanistan
112:Third Anglo-Afghan War
6208:International borders
5252:Geneva Accords (1988)
3889:21 April 2012 at the
3813:. 19 September 2005.
3676:7 August 2009 at the
3643:NGA Geonames database
3412:1 August 2020 at the
3387:3 August 2017 at the
3368:25 March 2012 at the
1646:
1527:
1461:
1418:
1403:
1395:U.S. State Department
1376:border crossing, 2007
1371:
1356:
1318:control according to
1289:
1232:
1211:Further information:
1107:
1069:
1033:
1004:
857:
840:
804:Further information:
614:Sahibzada Abdul Latif
548:British were defeated
526:
516:, and thereafter the
448:living in and around
414:
295:Historical background
200:British Indian Empire
163:), also known as the
5784:northern Afghanistan
5596:Najib Khan Yousafzai
4480:. Voice of America.
4253:. 16 February 2017.
4221:. 19 February 2017.
3038:15 June 2011 at the
2869:National Army Museum
1980:Geographical Journal
1976:in the early 1930s:
1529:Afghan Border Police
1498:Afghan National Army
1441:Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
1041:SEATO, March 8, 1956
914:uti possidetis juris
906:uti possidetis juris
852:Treaty of Rawalpindi
725:improve this section
582:, a small town near
576:spheres of influence
538:In 1839, during the
323:improve this article
228:diplomatic relations
220:spheres of influence
208:Indian Civil Service
169:international border
126:Treaty of Rawalpindi
6218:Borders of Pakistan
6107:Waziristan campaign
5974:Pashtun nationalism
5701:Mohammad Najibullah
4954:Borders of Pakistan
4834:The Washington Post
4822:The Washington Post
4773:16 May 2018 at the
4737:, Rupa: New Delhi.
4654:. 31 October 2017.
4596:. 30 October 2003.
4044:. 10 December 2011.
3953:Pajhwok Afghan News
3934:10 May 2013 at the
3394:The Washington Post
2875:on 26 November 2010
2676:on 11 February 2009
2174:on 31 December 2011
1992:1933GeogJ..82..351H
1750:illegal immigration
1449:Pakistani President
1266:North West Frontier
1201:Indian subcontinent
1145:Godzareh Depression
1023:At the 1956 SEATO (
991:Indo-Pakistani wars
216:Emir of Afghanistan
6052:Battle of Nowshera
6042:Battle of Gulnabad
5945:Religious-military
5879:Ahmad Shah Durrani
5616:Malalai of Maiwand
5601:Dost Mohammad Khan
5591:Ahmad Shah Durrani
5571:Aimal Khan Mohmand
5566:Kalu Khan Yusufzai
5300:Economic relations
5284:Taliban insurgency
4688:on 21 January 2022
4570:. 25 February 2021
4450:Al Jazeera English
4283:The New York Times
3843:on 1 November 2013
3601:globalsecurity.org
3567:, 10 January 2007.
3552:, 10 January 2007.
3467:on 21 January 2010
3333:. 3 October 2006.
3298:The New York Times
3267:The New York Times
2804:Prescott, J. R. V.
1782:Afghanistan portal
1761:532 million.
1533:
1507:United States Army
1433:
1378:
1372:A U.S. soldier at
1341:Taliban government
1307:
1246:
1163:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1116:The highest peak,
1114:
1079:
937:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
659:collection at the
560:Treaty of Gandamak
536:
479:Sulaiman Mountains
458:Balochistan region
424:
258:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
122:Treaty of Gandamak
102:Current shape
6145:
6144:
6127:Soviet–Afghan War
6112:Second Waziristan
6092:Siege of Malakand
6082:Battle of Maiwand
5984:Afghan (ethnonym)
5960:
5959:
5927:Khudai Khidmatgar
5696:Abdul Ahad Momand
5626:Abdur Rahman Khan
5611:Victor of Maiwand
5576:Darya Khan Afridi
5449:
5448:
5242:Afghan mujahideen
5237:Soviet–Afghan War
5204:2021 Machh attack
5001:
5000:
4921:
4920:
4733:Dogra, R. (2019)
4476:Zabiullah Ghazi.
4388:. 20 March 2017.
4381:Los Angeles Times
4352:. 10 March 2017.
4185:. 17 April 2017.
3895:The Frontier Post
3874:, 28 August 2011.
3725:. PBS Frontline.
3537:, 3 January 2007.
3349:George H. W. Bush
3242:on 9 January 2011
2817:978-0-522-84083-4
2730:The History Files
1633:Interior Ministry
1393:spokespersons of
1303:Afghan government
1250:Operation Cyclone
1217:Soviet–Afghan War
1016:Philip Noel-Baker
961:military aircraft
946:Dominion of India
941:Khudai Khidmatgar
910:Vienna Convention
832:No. 114 Squadrons
761:
760:
753:
683:Henry R. C. Dobbs
604:representing the
572:Abdur Rahman Khan
556:Abdur Rahman Khan
399:
398:
391:
373:
212:Abdur Rahman Khan
131:
130:
6230:
6117:Mohmand campaign
6102:Afghan Civil War
6067:First Afghan War
6057:Battle of Jamrud
6032:Battle of Chausa
5994:Bannu Resolution
5921:Citizens' groups
5918:
5917:
5869:Abdul Hamid Baba
5791:Pashtun clothing
5736:Manzoor Pashteen
5731:Malala Yousafzai
5606:Wazir Akbar Khan
5520:Barakzai dynasty
5476:
5469:
5462:
5453:
5452:
5440:
5439:
5370:Sports rivalries
5247:Badaber uprising
5089:Islamabad Accord
5056:Diplomatic posts
5050:
5049:
5040:
5039:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5005:
5004:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4925:
4924:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4842:
4841:
4762:
4761:(1–2). May 2013.
4721:
4710:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4684:. Archived from
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4503:Sheerupa Mitra.
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4386:Associated Press
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4318:. 7 March 2017.
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4219:Associated Press
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4153:Voice of America
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4051:
4045:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4008:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3964:
3945:
3939:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3918:on 18 July 2009.
3914:. Archived from
3904:
3898:
3881:
3875:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3687:
3681:
3668:
3662:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3629:. Archived from
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3592:
3583:
3582:, 3 August 2009.
3574:
3568:
3559:
3553:
3544:
3538:
3529:
3523:
3507:
3501:
3488:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3463:. Archived from
3457:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3423:
3417:
3404:
3398:
3379:
3373:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3344:
3342:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3052:
3043:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3005:
2999:Hensel, Paul R.
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2958:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2871:. Archived from
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2837:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2800:
2787:
2786:
2780:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2702:Online Version.
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2672:. Archived from
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2600:
2592:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2541:
2526:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2485:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2372:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2269:. The Diplomat.
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2170:. Archived from
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2106:. Archived from
2095:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1876:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1845:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1742:drug trafficking
1656:
1582:Washington, D.C.
1494:South Waziristan
1486:Mohmand District
1470:
1411:
1364:
1345:Afghan President
1329:The Friday Times
1320:US Special Envoy
1207:Contemporary era
1171:Gilgit-Baltistan
1157:Afghan provinces
1042:
1019:
865:
854:
756:
749:
745:
742:
736:
705:
697:
641:Frontier Regions
620:in Afghanistan,
606:Viceroy of India
494:Ghaznavid Empire
394:
387:
383:
380:
374:
372:
331:
307:
299:
266:Gilgit-Baltistan
162:
154:
153:
144:
92:12 November 1893
68:
66:
65:
56:
54:
53:
33:
21:
20:
6238:
6237:
6233:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6141:
6019:
6013:
5966:
5956:
5940:
5916:
5903:
5859:Khushal Khattak
5830:
5764:Pashtun cuisine
5759:Pashtun culture
5745:
5536:Alauddin Khilji
5524:
5515:Durrani dynasty
5486:
5485:-related topics
5480:
5450:
5445:
5429:
5380:Jinnah Hospital
5375:Haqqani network
5336:
5295:
5229:Afghan conflict
5223:
5120:
5099:Trade Agreement
5077:
5051:
5044:
5034:
5032:
5002:
4997:
4955:
4952:
4922:
4917:
4872:
4869:
4775:Wayback Machine
4747:
4730:
4728:Further reading
4725:
4724:
4711:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4661:
4659:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4632:
4630:
4617:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4571:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4545:
4543:
4528:
4524:
4514:
4512:
4501:
4497:
4487:
4485:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4458:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4409:
4405:
4395:
4393:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4357:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4315:Express Tribune
4308:
4307:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4274:
4270:
4260:
4258:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4228:
4226:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4160:
4145:
4141:
4131:
4129:
4121:Express Tribune
4112:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4052:
4048:
4042:Wayback Machine
4032:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3979:
3975:
3962:
3960:
3955:. 1 July 2011.
3947:
3946:
3942:
3936:Wayback Machine
3927:
3923:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3891:Wayback Machine
3882:
3878:
3872:Wayback Machine
3860:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3688:
3684:
3678:Wayback Machine
3669:
3665:
3660:Wayback Machine
3651:
3647:
3636:
3634:
3633:on 7 April 2007
3625:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3593:
3586:
3575:
3571:
3560:
3556:
3545:
3541:
3530:
3526:
3521:Wayback Machine
3508:
3504:
3499:Wayback Machine
3489:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3441:
3439:
3424:
3420:
3414:Wayback Machine
3405:
3401:
3389:Wayback Machine
3380:
3376:
3370:Wayback Machine
3361:
3357:
3340:
3338:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3166:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3143:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3053:
3046:
3040:Wayback Machine
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2939:by Wahid Momand
2937:Wayback Machine
2928:
2921:
2908:
2906:
2899:British Library
2893:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2845:on 20 July 2011
2842:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2801:
2790:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2764:
2755:Brig.-Gen. Sir
2753:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2605:. August 2008.
2598:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2454:
2438:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2412:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2363:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2298:Huffington Post
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2230:
2219:
2206:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2096:
2092:
2079:
2077:
2076:on 8 April 2008
2064:"No Man's Land"
2062:
2061:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2035:
2019:
2015:
2000:10.2307/1785903
1971:
1964:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1929:Brig.-Gen. Sir
1921:Wakhan Corridor
1914:
1910:
1898:
1890:
1888:
1877:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1796:Pakistan portal
1794:
1789:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1730:
1724:
1685:
1672:
1657:
1652:
1481:
1471:
1468:
1445:Fazal-ur-Rehman
1427:with Pakistani
1412:
1409:
1365:
1362:
1322:on Afghanistan
1227:
1209:
1189:
1183:
1153:
1110:Paktia Province
1099:Registan Desert
1095:White Mountains
1076:White Mountains
1064:
1043:
1040:
1020:
1018:, June 30, 1950
1014:
998:). In 1950 the
886:
872:
866:
863:
855:
849:
836:Royal Air Force
834:of the British
808:
802:
757:
746:
740:
737:
722:
706:
695:
661:British Library
657:Survey of India
649:
599:Political Agent
430:Pashtuns since
409:
395:
384:
378:
375:
332:
330:
320:
308:
297:
224:foreign affairs
204:Mortimer Durand
106:
93:
63:
61:
60:
51:
49:
41:Characteristics
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6236:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6122:Tribal revolts
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6087:Tirah campaign
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6037:Malandari Pass
6034:
6029:
6023:
6021:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5970:
5968:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5922:
5915:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5844:Amir Kror Suri
5840:
5838:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5806:Pashtun tribes
5803:
5801:Pashto singers
5798:
5793:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5779:Pashtunization
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5755:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5641:Amanullah Khan
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5496:
5494:
5488:
5487:
5479:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5456:
5447:
5446:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5353:Border barrier
5344:
5342:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5279:Kunduz airlift
5276:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5233:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5106:Six plus Three
5103:
5102:
5101:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5052:
5031:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5008:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4928:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4837:, 4 April 2008
4826:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4764:
4763:
4745:
4743:978-8129148643
4729:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4669:
4652:BloombergQuint
4639:
4611:
4581:
4553:
4522:
4495:
4468:
4453:. 7 May 2017.
4436:
4403:
4367:
4333:
4301:
4268:
4236:
4200:
4170:
4139:
4106:
4073:
4046:
4026:
4000:
3973:
3940:
3938:. 9 June 2011.
3921:
3899:
3876:
3854:
3828:
3798:
3767:
3740:
3721:Khan, Kamran.
3713:
3682:
3663:
3645:
3618:
3584:
3569:
3554:
3539:
3524:
3502:
3478:
3452:
3418:
3399:
3397:. 11 May 2009.
3374:
3355:
3315:
3284:
3253:
3223:
3193:
3160:
3142:978-1850656838
3141:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3073:
3044:
3024:
2986:
2975:on 6 June 2011
2950:
2941:
2919:
2886:
2856:
2823:
2816:
2788:
2747:
2717:
2687:
2649:
2623:
2584:
2553:
2512:
2471:
2453:978-1107112070
2452:
2429:
2411:978-1850656838
2410:
2390:
2384:978-1850438571
2383:
2354:
2336:978-0199970414
2335:
2315:
2284:
2257:
2217:
2203:on 10 May 2013
2185:
2167:Foreign Policy
2152:
2121:
2110:on 25 May 2010
2090:
2052:
2034:978-0313343131
2033:
2013:
1986:(4): 351–354.
1962:
1908:
1866:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1785:
1769:
1766:
1734:border barrier
1726:Main article:
1723:
1722:Border barrier
1720:
1684:
1681:
1671:
1668:
1654:Stephen Biddle
1650:
1613:Chitral Scouts
1538:assault rifles
1509:were based at
1503:Special Forces
1480:
1477:
1466:
1429:Frontier Corps
1425:Karen P. Tandy
1423:Administrator
1407:
1360:
1260:. Afghanistan
1208:
1205:
1182:
1179:
1152:
1151:Border regions
1149:
1112:of Afghanistan
1063:
1060:
1038:
1012:
986:United Nations
871:
868:
861:
847:
801:
798:
759:
758:
709:
707:
700:
694:
691:
648:
645:
618:Khost Province
397:
396:
311:
309:
302:
296:
293:
129:
128:
119:
115:
114:
103:
99:
98:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
47:
43:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6235:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5967:controversies
5963:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5943:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5889:Ajmal Khattak
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5874:Hussain Hotak
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5726:Malalai Kakar
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5706:Mohammed Omar
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5651:Mulla Powinda
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5581:Mirwais Hotak
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5561:Sher Shah Sur
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5510:Hotak dynasty
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5484:
5477:
5472:
5470:
5465:
5463:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5444:
5443:
5432:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5029:
5024:
5022:
5017:
5015:
5010:
5009:
5006:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4949:
4944:
4942:
4937:
4935:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4866:
4861:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4827:
4825:30 March 2008
4824:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4799:Asian Affairs
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4705:
4687:
4683:
4682:nation.com.pk
4679:
4673:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4615:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4526:
4510:
4507:. FirstPost.
4506:
4499:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4407:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4272:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4143:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4110:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4077:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4030:
4014:
4007:
4005:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3861:The News.pk,
3858:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3701:
3697:
3696:newkerala.com
3693:
3686:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3535:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3449:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3350:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3164:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3116:
3107:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3082:Baxter, Craig
3077:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3028:
3009:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2957:
2955:
2945:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2924:
2916:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2778:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2436:
2434:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2361:
2359:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2272:
2268:
2265:Rahi, Arwin.
2261:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2156:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1904:public domain
1886:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1786:
1783:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1677:
1667:
1664:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1586:Baloch tribes
1583:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1476:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:Baloch people
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1238:Ronald Reagan
1236:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1072:Mount Sikaram
1068:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:
992:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
896:agreement or
895:
891:
885:
881:
877:
860:
853:
846:
845:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
807:
797:
795:
791:
790:British India
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
766:
755:
752:
744:
734:
730:
726:
720:
719:
715:
710:This section
708:
704:
699:
698:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
664:
662:
658:
654:
644:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:Khyber Agency
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
533:
532:British India
529:
525:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
484:
480:
476:
472:
469:
465:
463:
462:Baloch people
459:
455:
454:Baloch tribes
451:
447:
446:
441:
437:
433:
432:ancient times
429:
421:
417:
413:
408:
404:
393:
390:
382:
379:November 2017
371:
368:
364:
361:
357:
354:
350:
347:
343:
340: –
339:
338:"Durand Line"
335:
334:Find sources:
328:
324:
318:
317:
312:This section
310:
306:
301:
300:
292:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
158:
148:
143:د ډیورنډ کرښه
140:
136:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
105:8 August 1919
104:
100:
97:
91:
87:
82:
78:
74:
71:
59:
48:
44:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5999:Kalabagh Dam
5988:
5979:Pashtunistan
5796:Pashto media
5716:Ashraf Ghani
5711:Hamid Karzai
5671:Faqir of Ipi
5661:Sartor Faqir
5636:Soraya Tarzi
5631:Mahmud Tarzi
5586:Mahmud Hotak
5551:Ibrahim Lodi
5505:Suri dynasty
5500:Lodi dynasty
5435:
5425:Quetta Shura
5365:Pashtunistan
4963:
4908:Turkmenistan
4890:
4832:
4820:
4798:
4758:
4752:
4734:
4708:
4690:. Retrieved
4686:the original
4681:
4672:
4660:. Retrieved
4651:
4642:
4631:, retrieved
4621:
4614:
4602:. Retrieved
4593:
4584:
4572:. Retrieved
4565:
4556:
4544:. Retrieved
4535:
4525:
4513:. Retrieved
4498:
4486:. Retrieved
4471:
4459:. Retrieved
4448:
4439:
4427:. Retrieved
4416:
4406:
4394:. Retrieved
4379:
4370:
4358:. Retrieved
4336:
4324:. Retrieved
4313:
4304:
4292:. Retrieved
4281:
4271:
4259:. Retrieved
4248:
4239:
4227:. Retrieved
4212:
4203:
4191:. Retrieved
4182:
4173:
4161:. Retrieved
4142:
4130:. Retrieved
4119:
4109:
4097:. Retrieved
4088:The Observer
4086:
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4049:
4029:
4017:. Retrieved
3991:. Retrieved
3976:
3968:
3961:. Retrieved
3943:
3924:
3916:the original
3912:OpenCongress
3911:
3902:
3894:
3879:
3863:
3857:
3845:. Retrieved
3841:the original
3831:
3819:. Retrieved
3810:
3801:
3789:. Retrieved
3780:
3770:
3758:. Retrieved
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3716:
3704:. Retrieved
3695:
3685:
3666:
3648:
3635:. Retrieved
3631:the original
3621:
3609:. Retrieved
3600:
3578:
3572:
3563:
3557:
3548:
3542:
3533:
3527:
3509:
3505:
3469:. Retrieved
3465:the original
3455:
3447:
3440:. Retrieved
3432:Afghan Times
3431:
3421:
3402:
3392:
3377:
3358:
3346:
3339:. Retrieved
3318:
3306:. Retrieved
3297:
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3266:
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3240:the original
3235:
3226:
3214:. Retrieved
3205:
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3173:
3163:
3151:. Retrieved
3131:
3124:
3115:
3106:
3094:. Retrieved
3076:
3064:. Retrieved
3060:
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2973:the original
2966:
2944:
2914:
2907:. Retrieved
2889:
2877:. Retrieved
2873:the original
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2840:the original
2826:
2807:
2765:. Retrieved
2750:
2738:. Retrieved
2729:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2674:the original
2665:
2660:(Firishta).
2652:
2640:. Retrieved
2626:
2614:. Retrieved
2575:. Retrieved
2566:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2532:
2529:The Dialogue
2528:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2491:
2487:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2442:
2420:. Retrieved
2400:
2393:
2368:
2345:. Retrieved
2325:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2297:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2212:
2205:. Retrieved
2201:the original
2178:12 September
2176:. Retrieved
2172:the original
2165:
2155:
2143:. Retrieved
2136:
2112:. Retrieved
2108:the original
2093:
2085:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:the original
2067:
2043:. Retrieved
2023:
2016:
1983:
1979:
1939:. Retrieved
1911:
1889:. Retrieved
1859:30 September
1857:. Retrieved
1843:
1763:
1731:
1712:
1705:
1701:Nawaz Sharif
1697:Sehwan blast
1686:
1673:
1659:
1647:
1610:
1590:
1575:
1534:
1482:
1473:
1462:
1434:
1404:
1379:
1363:Hamid Karzai
1357:
1348:Hamid Karzai
1337:Abdur Razzaq
1327:
1324:Peter Tomsen
1312:puppet state
1308:
1293:-funded and
1247:
1190:
1161:
1154:
1137:Kurram River
1126:
1115:
1094:
1080:
1045:
1034:
1022:
1005:
989:
950:
926:
913:
898:ratification
887:
858:
841:
809:
762:
747:
741:October 2021
738:
723:Please help
711:
679:Mahmud Tarzi
668:
665:
650:
634:
592:
565:
537:
490:Pashtunistan
466:
443:
425:
385:
376:
366:
359:
352:
345:
333:
321:Please help
316:verification
313:
289:Hamid Karzai
282:
278:geostrategic
274:geopolitical
255:
235:interference
232:
193:
164:
134:
132:
18:
6158:Durand Line
6072:Ambela Pass
6018:Battles and
5989:Durand Line
5894:Kabir Stori
5854:Rahman Baba
5769:Pashtunwali
5721:Arfa Siddiq
5541:Bahlul Lodi
5529:Key figures
5348:Durand line
4964:Afghanistan
4488:28 February
4132:9 September
4099:27 November
4066:11 December
4033:Tolo News,
3985:. Reuters.
3847:14 February
3821:14 February
3791:14 February
3760:14 February
3733:11 February
3595:John Pike.
3442:7 September
3341:11 February
3216:16 December
3096:11 February
3066:9 September
2979:11 February
2968:Daily Times
2909:11 February
2879:11 February
2849:14 December
2757:Percy Sykes
2710:11 February
2642:11 February
2616:11 February
2577:9 September
2308:9 September
2277:9 September
2250:11 February
2145:11 February
2114:11 February
2080:11 February
1931:Percy Sykes
1925:Khyber Pass
1917:Kabul River
1891:11 February
1676:Balochistan
1606:Spin Boldak
1277:Al-Zulfiqar
1242:White House
1197:Khyber Pass
1167:Balochistan
1141:Gomal River
1133:Kabul River
1129:Kunar River
812:controversy
782:Indian Army
675:Khyber Pass
671:Kabul River
653:topographic
262:Balochistan
247:buffer zone
239:demarcation
173:Afghanistan
152:ڈیورنڈ لائن
135:Durand Line
89:Established
58:Afghanistan
24:Durand Line
6203:Great Game
6152:Categories
5965:Topics and
5899:Ghani Khan
5884:Hamza Baba
5864:Nazo Tokhi
5849:Pir Roshan
5811:Loya jirga
5691:Daoud Khan
5686:Zahir Shah
5656:Bacha Khan
5646:Nadir Shah
5621:Saidu Baba
4913:Uzbekistan
4903:Tajikistan
4812:terrorists
4567:Al Jazeera
4193:23 October
3706:5 December
3611:30 January
3490:Newsweek,
3471:5 December
3347:President
3017:5 December
2767:5 December
2680:10 January
2347:24 October
1941:5 December
1849:"Pakistan"
1835:References
1496:, but the
1490:Angoor Ada
1299:mujahideen
1185:See also:
1173:region of
1169:, and the
1083:Hindu Kush
980:and was a
957:loya jirga
929:indigenous
922:unilateral
920:. Thus, a
874:See also:
769:Nuristanis
580:Parachinar
486:chronicles
438:historian
428:indigenous
401:See also:
349:newspapers
243:Great Game
181:South Asia
6062:Herat War
6020:conflicts
5741:Ali Wazir
5681:Wali Khan
5666:Umra Khan
5556:Gaju Khan
5492:Dynasties
5317:CASA-1000
5125:Incidents
5082:Diplomacy
4574:7 January
4214:The Hindu
3331:Frontline
2740:16 August
2535:(1): 38.
2494:: 34–35.
2138:Dawn News
2045:31 August
1754:smuggling
1738:terrorism
1625:Nangarhar
1602:biometric
1594:passports
1558:gemstones
1546:narcotics
1505:from the
1452:Musharraf
1297:-trained
1235:President
1091:Spīn Ghar
1087:Karakoram
1062:Geography
1052:Islamabad
902:Islamabad
820:Jalalabad
778:Jalalabad
712:does not
512:, by the
450:Arachosia
440:Herodotus
416:Arachosia
272:. From a
161:خط دیورند
4891:Pakistan
4771:Archived
4692:14 March
4662:15 March
4656:Archived
4633:15 March
4627:archived
4604:15 March
4598:Archived
4540:Archived
4515:12 April
4509:Archived
4482:Archived
4455:Archived
4429:21 March
4423:Archived
4418:Geo News
4396:21 March
4390:Archived
4360:21 March
4354:Archived
4346:Sky News
4326:21 March
4320:Archived
4294:21 March
4288:Archived
4261:21 March
4255:Archived
4229:21 March
4223:Archived
4187:Archived
4163:25 March
4157:Archived
4126:Archived
4093:Archived
4060:Archived
4038:Archived
3987:Archived
3957:Archived
3932:Archived
3887:Archived
3868:Archived
3815:Archived
3785:Archived
3754:Archived
3727:Archived
3700:Archived
3674:Archived
3656:Archived
3605:Archived
3517:Archived
3495:Archived
3436:Archived
3410:Archived
3385:Archived
3366:Archived
3335:Archived
3302:Archived
3271:Archived
3210:Archived
3180:Archived
3147:Archived
3090:Archived
3084:(1997).
3036:Archived
3008:Archived
2933:Archived
2903:Archived
2806:(1975).
2777:cite web
2734:Archived
2704:Archived
2696:"Baloch"
2636:Archived
2607:Archived
2571:Archived
2537:Archived
2496:Archived
2458:Archived
2416:Archived
2341:Archived
2302:Archived
2271:Archived
2241:Archived
2207:11 April
2069:Newsweek
2039:Archived
1951:cite web
1885:Archived
1853:Archived
1768:See also
1758:Pakistan
1746:refugees
1651:—
1617:Nuristan
1570:consumer
1566:vehicles
1467:—
1408:—
1386:de facto
1361:—
1175:Pakistan
1056:Pakistan
1039:—
1013:—
974:coercion
939:and his
900:between
862:—
848:—
794:Pakistan
774:Peshawar
558:and the
514:Durranis
502:Timurids
445:Pactyans
420:Pactyans
418:and the
198:and the
177:Pakistan
171:between
118:Treaties
70:Pakistan
46:Entities
5952:Taliban
5751:Culture
5483:Pashtun
5400:Taliban
5341:Related
5274:History
4991:Barrier
4969:Barrier
4896:Barrier
4716:. (See
4714:Kashmir
4350:Reuters
4058:. CNN.
3637:3 April
3186:23 July
3175:Reuters
2008:1785903
1988:Bibcode
1689:Torkham
1637:rockets
1542:weapons
1374:Torkham
1316:Taliban
1305:in 1985
1274:leftist
1248:During
1244:in 1983
1240:at the
1193:Torkham
1029:Karachi
826:by the
733:removed
718:sources
626:English
544:British
510:Hotakis
506:Mughals
498:Ghurids
471:Muslims
363:scholar
84:History
5908:Groups
5774:Pashto
4741:
4546:28 May
4019:9 July
3993:6 July
3963:6 July
3512:News,
3308:24 May
3277:24 May
3246:24 May
3153:7 July
3139:
2814:
2546:7 July
2505:7 July
2492:XXXIII
2464:7 July
2450:
2422:7 July
2408:
2381:
2333:
2031:
2006:
1984:LXXXII
1974:Arundu
1829:Noshaq
1804:Af-Pak
1693:Chaman
1627:, and
1562:marble
1554:copper
1550:lumber
1223:, and
1221:Af-Pak
1118:Noshaq
982:diktat
978:duress
918:states
894:formal
882:, and
828:No. 31
824:bombed
786:Punjab
687:Arundu
483:Arabic
365:
358:
351:
344:
336:
214:, the
210:, and
139:Pashto
76:Length
67:
55:
5836:Poets
5826:Jirga
5360:AfPak
4981:India
4976:China
4881:China
4461:7 May
3576:PAN,
3561:PAN,
3546:PAN,
3531:PAN,
3011:(PDF)
3004:(PDF)
2843:(PDF)
2836:(PDF)
2610:(PDF)
2599:(PDF)
2540:(PDF)
2525:(PDF)
2499:(PDF)
2484:(PDF)
2244:(PDF)
2237:(PDF)
2004:JSTOR
1629:Khost
1621:Kunar
1598:visas
1511:Shkin
933:India
822:were
584:Khost
568:Kabul
518:Sikhs
475:Islam
436:Greek
370:JSTOR
356:books
189:China
5147:2024
5142:2017
4986:Iran
4886:Iran
4739:ISBN
4694:2022
4664:2019
4635:2019
4606:2019
4594:IRIN
4576:2022
4548:2017
4536:Dawn
4517:2017
4490:2017
4463:2017
4431:2017
4398:2017
4362:2017
4328:2017
4296:2017
4263:2017
4231:2017
4195:2017
4183:Dawn
4165:2017
4134:2017
4101:2011
4068:2011
4021:2011
3995:2011
3965:2011
3849:2013
3823:2013
3811:Dawn
3793:2013
3781:Dawn
3762:2013
3735:2011
3708:2009
3690:NK.
3639:2007
3613:2008
3510:Dawn
3473:2009
3444:2016
3343:2011
3310:2010
3279:2010
3248:2010
3236:Time
3218:2009
3188:2021
3155:2019
3137:ISBN
3098:2011
3068:2017
3061:Dawn
3019:2009
2981:2011
2911:2011
2881:2011
2851:2009
2812:ISBN
2783:link
2769:2009
2742:2010
2712:2011
2682:2007
2644:2011
2618:2011
2579:2017
2567:Dawn
2548:2019
2507:2019
2466:2019
2448:ISBN
2424:2019
2406:ISBN
2379:ISBN
2349:2020
2331:ISBN
2310:2017
2279:2017
2252:2011
2209:2013
2180:2012
2147:2011
2116:2011
2082:2011
2047:2020
2029:ISBN
1957:link
1943:2009
1893:2011
1861:2020
1691:and
1596:and
1457:Iran
1380:The
1262:KHAD
1195:and
1139:and
1127:The
993:and
970:void
844:Amir
830:and
776:and
716:any
714:cite
630:Dari
608:and
468:Arab
405:and
342:news
276:and
226:and
185:Iran
175:and
157:Dari
147:Urdu
133:The
3328:PBS
1996:doi
1580:in
1578:Act
1492:in
1421:DEA
1419:US
1295:ISI
1291:CIA
1270:KGB
727:by
325:by
202:by
179:in
6154::
4831:,
4819:,
4759:44
4757:.
4751:.
4720:.)
4680:.
4650:.
4625:,
4592:.
4564:.
4538:.
4534:.
4447:.
4421:.
4415:.
4384:.
4378:.
4348:.
4344:.
4312:.
4286:.
4280:.
4247:.
4217:.
4211:.
4181:.
4155:.
4151:.
4124:.
4118:.
4091:.
4085:.
4003:^
3967:.
3951:.
3910:.
3893:.
3809:.
3783:.
3779:.
3752:.
3698:.
3694:.
3603:.
3599:.
3587:^
3481:^
3446:.
3434:.
3430:.
3345:.
3326:.
3300:.
3296:.
3269:.
3265:.
3234:.
3208:.
3204:.
3178:.
3172:.
3145:.
3059:.
3047:^
2965:.
2953:^
2922:^
2913:.
2901:.
2897:.
2867:.
2791:^
2779:}}
2775:{{
2732:.
2728:.
2698:.
2668:.
2664:.
2601:.
2587:^
2569:.
2565:.
2531:.
2527:.
2490:.
2486:.
2456:.
2432:^
2414:.
2377:.
2375:64
2357:^
2339:.
2300:.
2296:.
2239:.
2220:^
2211:.
2188:^
2164:.
2135:.
2124:^
2102:.
2084:.
2066:.
2055:^
2037:.
2002:.
1994:.
1982:.
1965:^
1953:}}
1949:{{
1869:^
1752:,
1748:,
1744:,
1740:,
1623:,
1619:,
1564:,
1560:,
1556:,
1552:,
1548:,
1544:,
1443:,
1219:,
1215:,
1203:.
1165:,
1147:.
1135:,
1131:,
1122:K2
1101:.
1058:.
1054:,
878:,
663:.
632:.
597:,
542:,
520:.
508:,
504:,
500:,
464:.
260:,
230:.
191:.
159::
155:;
149::
145:;
141::
5475:e
5468:t
5461:v
5027:e
5020:t
5013:v
4947:e
4940:t
4933:v
4864:e
4857:t
4850:v
4696:.
4666:.
4608:.
4578:.
4550:.
4519:.
4492:.
4465:.
4433:.
4400:.
4364:.
4330:.
4298:.
4265:.
4233:.
4197:.
4167:.
4136:.
4103:.
4070:.
4023:.
3997:.
3851:.
3825:.
3795:.
3764:.
3737:.
3710:.
3641:.
3615:.
3475:.
3312:.
3281:.
3250:.
3220:.
3190:.
3157:.
3100:.
3070:.
3021:.
2983:.
2883:.
2853:.
2820:.
2785:)
2771:.
2744:.
2714:.
2684:.
2646:.
2620:.
2581:.
2550:.
2533:4
2509:.
2468:.
2426:.
2387:.
2351:.
2312:.
2281:.
2254:.
2182:.
2149:.
2118:.
2049:.
2010:.
1998::
1990::
1959:)
1945:.
1906:.
1895:.
1863:.
1455:"
1093:(
976:/
754:)
748:(
743:)
739:(
735:.
721:.
392:)
386:(
381:)
377:(
367:·
360:·
353:·
346:·
319:.
137:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
