Dwight D. Eisenhower

3156: 4730: 2526: 55: 25787: 4424: 1370: 4455:, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose and insidious in method ..." and warned about what he saw as unjustified government spending proposals. He continued with a warning that "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex." Eisenhower elaborated, "we recognize the imperative need for this development ... the potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist ... Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together." 12150:

intestine, where it joins the large intestine. ... The President first felt ill shortly after midnight yesterday. He had attended a dinner of the White House News Photographers Association Thursday night and had returned to the White House at 11. Mrs. Eisenhower called Maj. Gen. Howard McC. Snyder, the President's personal physician, at 12:45 A.M. yesterday, telling him the President had some discomfort in his stomach. He recommended a slight dose of milk of magnesia. At 1:20 Mrs. Eisenhower called again, saying the President was still complaining of not feeling well. This time she asked Dr. Snyder to come to the White House from his home about a mile away on Connecticut Avenue. He arrived at 2 A.M. and has not left the President's side since.

5331: 2886: 17122: 20911: 5361: 2614:, a recently created alumni and benefactor organization for which he had helped recruit members. Eisenhower was unknowingly building resentment and a reputation among the Columbia University faculty and staff as an absentee president who was using the university for his own interests. As a career military man, he naturally had little in common with the academics. The contacts gained through university and American Assembly fundraising activities would later become important supporters in Eisenhower's bid for the Republican party nomination and the presidency. Meanwhile, Columbia University's liberal faculty members became disenchanted with the university president's ties to oilmen and businessmen. 17115: 4842: 4833: 4657: 6058: 5316: 5938: 5410: 4486: 4056: 5641: 5878: 5380: 6243: 5953: 5709: 5479: 6317: 6073: 5577: 5231: 6111: 5449: 3591:(Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the UK, France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened the Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the US would participate only as an observer. After France and the Communists agreed to a partition of Vietnam, Eisenhower rejected the agreement, offering military and economic aid to southern Vietnam. Ambrose argues that Eisenhower, by not participating in the Geneva agreement, had kept the US out of Vietnam; nevertheless, with the formation of SEATO, he had put the US back into the conflict. 6199: 5111: 6043: 5893: 1948: 2630:, one that would be emulated by other institutes in the United States and Britain later in the decade. The Institute of War and Peace Studies thus became one of the projects which Eisenhower considered his "unique contribution" to Columbia. As the president of Columbia, Eisenhower gave voice to his opinions about the supremacy and difficulties of American democracy. His tenure marked his transformation from military to civilian leadership. His biographer Travis Beal Jacobs also suggested that the alienation of the Columbia faculty contributed to sharp intellectual criticism of him for many years. 5346: 2209: 1671: 6773: 6519: 5131: 5983: 5773: 5968: 5289: 5194: 5821: 5656: 5836: 5528: 5166: 3800: 5998: 5395: 5050: 24711: 24701: 5251: 5611: 5180: 6013: 5513: 525: 6028: 5724: 5908: 5788: 5038: 3021: 5494: 4420:

president, whose health problems had been exacerbated by Kennedy's attacks. Nixon then convinced Eisenhower not to go ahead with the expanded campaign schedule and limit himself to the original schedule. Nixon reflected that if Eisenhower had carried out his expanded campaign schedule, he might have had a decisive impact on the outcome of the election, especially in states that Kennedy won with razor-thin margins. Mamie did not tell Dwight why Nixon changed his mind on Dwight's campaigning until years later.

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colonialism. He rescued the Republican Party from isolationism and McCarthyism. He maintained prosperity, balanced the budget, promoted technological innovation, facilitated (if reluctantly) the civil rights movement and warned, in the most memorable farewell address since Washington's, of a "military–industrial complex" that could endanger the nation's liberties. Not until Reagan would another president leave office with so strong a sense of having accomplished what he set out to do.

5464: 5145: 5558: 4898: 3328: 5105: 5098: 5091: 5084: 6379: 6547: 4344:. His scheduled meeting with Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was postponed so he could recover at his farm. He was still recovering from this operation during the Suez Crisis. Eisenhower's health issues forced him to give up smoking and make some changes to his diet, but he still drank alcohol. During a visit to England, he complained of dizziness and had to have his blood pressure checked on August 29, 1959; however, before dinner at prime ministerial manor house 2364: 6463: 6407: 2801: 2720: 25835: 2637:(NATO), and he was given operational command of NATO forces in Europe. Eisenhower retired from active service as an army general on June 3, 1952, and he resumed his presidency of Columbia. Meanwhile, Eisenhower had become the Republican Party nominee for president of the United States, a contest that he won on November 4. Eisenhower tendered his resignation as university president on November 15, 1952, effective January 19, 1953, the day before his inauguration. 25847: 6491: 5283: 5225: 5218: 20809: 16487: 5923: 6161: 6274: 6260: 2504: 2512: 6689: 6660: 6632: 6604: 4494: 4471: 1260: 6435: 6146: 6745: 7173: 7158: 25823: 7111: 20819: 6180: 2133: 25859: 6230: 1498: 7094: 7143: 7077: 25799: 7041: 7128: 7060: 7026: 7011: 6994: 6979: 6962: 6947: 6928: 6913: 6898: 6348: 2491:, Eisenhower stated through the Army that he was "not available for and could not accept nomination to high political office"; "life-long professional soldiers", he wrote, "in the absence of some obvious and overriding reason, abstain from seeking high political office". Eisenhower maintained no political party affiliation during this time. Many believed he was forgoing his only opportunity to be president as Republican 6832: 6801: 3698: 5543: 1312:. The Eisenhower home served as the local meeting hall from 1896 to 1915, though Dwight never joined. His later decision to attend West Point saddened his mother, who felt that warfare was "rather wicked", but she did not overrule his decision. Speaking of himself in 1948, Eisenhower said he was "one of the most deeply religious men I know" though unattached to any "sect or organization". He was baptized in the 6717: 5437: 1833:, George S. Patton, George Marshall, and Bernard Montgomery during World War II. Eisenhower later emphasized that too much had been made of the disagreements with MacArthur and that a positive relationship endured. While in Manila, Mamie suffered a life-threatening stomach ailment but recovered fully. Eisenhower was promoted to the rank of permanent lieutenant colonel in 1936. He also learned to fly with the 4411:

at the end of a televised press conference to list one of Nixon's policy ideas he had adopted, Eisenhower joked, "If you give me a week, I might think of one. I don't remember." Kennedy's campaign used the quote in one of its campaign commercials. Nixon narrowly lost to Kennedy. Eisenhower, who was, at 70, the oldest president to date, was succeeded by 43-year-old Kennedy, the youngest elected president.

3759:, a non-combat peacekeeping mission to stabilize the pro-Western government and to prevent a radical revolution. The Marines departed three months later. Washington considered the military intervention successful since it brought about regional stability, weakened Soviet influence, and intimidated the Egyptian and Syrian governments, whose anti-West political position had hardened after the Suez Crisis. 2194:. He was ever mindful of the inevitable loss of life and suffering that would be experienced by the troops under his command and their families. This prompted him to make a point of visiting every division involved in the invasion. Eisenhower's sense of responsibility was underscored by his draft of a statement to be issued if the invasion failed. It has been called one of the great speeches of history: 5802: 5863: 5851: 5425: 2690: 1251:, but the business failed due to economic conditions and the family became impoverished. The Eisenhowers lived in Texas from 1889 until 1892, and later returned to Kansas, with $ 24 (equivalent to $ 814 in 2023) to their name. David worked as a railroad mechanic and then at a creamery. By 1898, the parents made a decent living and provided a suitable home for their large family. 2431:. His main role was the rapid demobilization of millions of soldiers, which was delayed by lack of shipping. Eisenhower was convinced in 1946 that the Soviet Union did not want war and that friendly relations could be maintained; he strongly supported the new United Nations and favored its involvement in the control of atomic bombs. However, in formulating policies regarding the 3144: 25811: 2256:) insisted they be given priority in the center and south of the front (respectively). Eisenhower worked tirelessly to address the demands of the rival commanders to optimize Allied forces, often by giving them tactical latitude; many historians conclude this delayed the Allied victory in Europe. However, due to Eisenhower's persistence, the pivotal supply port at 1559:. With his excellent memory and ability to focus, Eisenhower was skilled at cards. He learned poker, which he called his "favorite indoor sport", in Abilene. Eisenhower recorded West Point classmates' poker losses for payment after graduation and later stopped playing because his opponents resented having to pay him. A friend reported that after learning to play 3519:. Nevertheless, he left the Chinese communists guessing as to the exact nature of his nuclear response. This allowed Eisenhower to accomplish all of his objectives—the end of this communist encroachment, the retention of the Islands by the Chinese nationalists and continued peace. Defense of the Republic of China from an invasion remains a core American policy. 4883:. The medals were struck from September 1958 through October 1960. A total of twenty designs are cataloged with a total mintage of 9,858. Prior to the end of his second term as president, 1,451 medals were turned in to the Bureau of the Mint and destroyed. The Eisenhower appreciation medals are part of the Presidential Medal of Appreciation Award Medal Series. 4070:

great deal by promoting the President's proposals among the "Old Guard" Republican Senators. Taft's death in July 1953—six months into Eisenhower's presidency—affected Eisenhower both personally and professionally. The President noted he had lost "a dear friend" with Taft's passing. Eisenhower disliked Taft's successor as Majority Leader, Senator

3282:, in which a coalition of France, Britain, and Israel took control of the canal. Concerned about the economic and political impacts of the invasion, Eisenhower had warned the three against any such action. When they invaded anyway he used heavy financial and diplomatic pressures to force a withdrawal. In the aftermath of the crisis, Eisenhower announced the 2942:, a Democrat who rejected his offer, so Eisenhower resolved to leave the matter in the hands of the party, which chose Nixon nearly unanimously. In 1956, Eisenhower faced Adlai Stevenson again and won by an even larger landslide, with 457 of 531 electoral votes and 57.6 percent of the popular vote. His campaigning was curtailed out of health considerations. 3484:

conservative Republicans, with the goal of driving a wedge between China and the Soviet Union. Eisenhower continued Truman's policy of recognizing the Republic of China (Taiwan) as the legitimate government of China, not the Peking (Beijing) regime. There were localized flare-ups when the People's Liberation Army began shelling the islands of

2439:. Indeed, Eisenhower had opposed the use of the atomic bomb against the Japanese, writing, "First, the Japanese were ready to surrender and it wasn't necessary to hit them with that awful thing. Second, I hated to see our country be the first to use such a weapon." Initially, Eisenhower hoped for cooperation with the Soviets. He even visited 4114:

on official matters ... it is not in the public interest that any of their conversations or communications, or any documents or reproductions, concerning such advice be disclosed." This was an unprecedented step by Eisenhower to protect communication beyond the confines of a cabinet meeting, and soon became a tradition known as

3931:, and any segregation in the Armed Forces". When he encountered opposition from the services, he used government control of military spending to force the change through, stating "Wherever Federal Funds are expended ..., I do not see how any American can justify ... a discrimination in the expenditure of those funds". When 2934:

position as a moderate, progressive Republican: "I have just one purpose ... and that is to build up a strong progressive Republican Party in this country. If the right wing wants a fight, they are going to get it ... before I end up, either this Republican Party will reflect progressivism or I won't be with them anymore."

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could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren "represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name for integrity, uprightness, and courage that, again, I believe we need on the Court".

812: 3453: 1572:, considered the best player in the US Army; he appointed Gruenther his second-in-command at NATO partly because of his skill at bridge. Saturday night bridge games at the White House were a feature of his presidency. He was a strong player, though not an expert by modern standards. The great bridge player and popularizer 3747:". Designed by Secretary of State Dulles, it held the US would be "prepared to use armed force ... aggression from any country controlled by international communism". Further, the US would provide economic and military aid and, if necessary, use military force to stop the spread of communism in the Middle East. 3095:. He thought that an interstate highway system would be beneficial for military operations and would support continued economic growth. The legislation initially stalled in Congress over the issuance of bonds to finance the project, but the legislative effort was renewed and Eisenhower signed the law in June 1956. 2089:. But while Eisenhower argued with President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill, who both insisted on unconditional surrender in exchange for helping the Italians, the Germans pursued an aggressive buildup of forces in the country. The Germans made the already tough battle more difficult by adding 19 1754:), and later cited Conner's enormous influence on his military thinking, saying in 1962 that "Fox Conner was the ablest man I ever knew." Conner's comment on Eisenhower was, " is one of the most capable, efficient and loyal officers I have ever met." On Conner's recommendation, in 1925–1926 he attended the 3155: 1717:, and other senior tank leaders. Their leading-edge ideas of speed-oriented offensive tank warfare were strongly discouraged by superiors, who considered the new approach too radical and preferred to continue using tanks in a strictly supportive role for the infantry. Eisenhower was even threatened with 2419:. In response to the devastation in Germany, including food shortages and an influx of refugees, he arranged distribution of American food and medical equipment. His actions reflected the new American attitudes of the German people as Nazi victims not villains, while aggressively purging the ex-Nazis. 4874:

During his second term as president, Eisenhower awarded a series of specially designed US Mint presidential appreciation medals. Eisenhower presented the medal to individuals as an expression of his appreciation. The development of the appreciation medals was initiated by the White House and executed

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Eisenhower's reputation declined in the immediate years after he left office. During his presidency, he was widely seen by critics as an inactive, uninspiring, golf-playing president. This was in stark contrast to his vigorous young successor, John F. Kennedy, who was 26 years his junior. Despite his

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I decided to make a game of the whole business and try to achieve a feeling of some superiority ... So I stuffed cigarettes in every pocket, put them around my office on the desk ... made it a practice to offer a cigarette to anyone who came in ... while mentally reminding myself as I

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would pull the United States ahead in the Space Race; however, in 1960, an Ad Hoc Panel on Man-in-Space concluded that "man-in-space can not be justified" and was too costly. Eisenhower later resented the space program and its gargantuan price tag—he was quoted as saying, "Anyone who would spend $ 40

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in 1957, gaining the Cold War enemy enormous prestige. He then launched a national campaign that funded not just space exploration but a major strengthening of science and higher education. The Eisenhower administration determined to adopt a non-aggressive policy that would allow "space-crafts of any

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approached, it became evident that the Republicans were in danger of losing their thin majority in both houses. Eisenhower was among those who blamed the Old Guard for the losses, and he took up the charge to stop suspected efforts by the right wing to take control of the GOP. He then articulated his

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At home, Eisenhower was more effective in making the case for NATO in Congress than the Truman administration had been. By the middle of 1951, with American and European support, NATO was a genuine military power. Nevertheless, Eisenhower thought that NATO would become a truly European alliance, with

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suggested that this period served his "the political education", since he had to prioritize wide-ranging educational, administrative, and financial demands for the university. Through his involvement in the Council on Foreign Relations, he also gained exposure to economic analysis, which would become

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Although conservatism in politics was strong during the 1950s, and Eisenhower generally espoused conservative sentiments, his administration concerned itself mostly with foreign affairs and pursued a hands-off domestic policy. Eisenhower looked to moderation and cooperation as a means of governance,

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to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed Nixon over Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may have done Nixon some harm. When asked by reporters

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In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other

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later that year resulted in the physicist losing his security clearance. The matter was controversial at the time and remained so in later years, with Oppenheimer achieving a certain martyrdom. The case would reflect poorly on Eisenhower, but the president had never examined it in any detail and had

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Eisenhower initially planned on serving only one term, but he remained flexible in case leading Republicans wanted him to run again. He was recovering from a heart attack late in September 1955 when he met with his closest advisors to evaluate the GOP's potential candidates; the group concluded that

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and to Truman's policies in Korea and China—matters in which he had once participated. In defeating Taft for the nomination, it became necessary for Eisenhower to appease the right-wing Old Guard of the Republican Party; his selection of Richard Nixon as the vice-president on the ticket was designed

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to facilitate Overlord, to the point of threatening to resign unless Churchill relented, which he did. Eisenhower then designed a bombing plan in France in advance of Overlord and argued with Churchill over the latter's concern with civilian casualties; de Gaulle interjected that the casualties were

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described his game as classic and sound with "flashes of brilliance" and said that "you can always judge a man's character by the way he plays cards. Eisenhower is a calm and collected player and never whines at his losses. He is brilliant in victory but never commits the bridge player's worst crime

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Paul M. Butler, the Democratic National Chairman, ... declared that the physicians who operated on and attended the President in his most recent illness 'have done a terrific job of trying to convince the American people that a man who has had a heart attack and then was afflicted with Crohn's

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From 1947 to 1961, more than 5,000 allegedly homosexual federal civil servants lost their jobs in the purges for no reason other than sexual orientation, and thousands of applicants were also rejected for federal employment for the same reason. During this period, more than 1,000 men and women were

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Eisenhower's health during the last three years of his second term in office was relatively good. After leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. On December

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This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from the involvement of the White House. This position

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Eisenhower had a Republican Congress for only his first two years in office; in the Senate, Republicans held the majority by a one-vote margin. Despite being Eisenhower's political opponent for the 1952 Republican presidential nomination, Senator Majority Leader Robert A. Taft assisted Eisenhower a

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with the Republic of China was signed in December 1954. He requested and secured from Congress their "Free China Resolution" in January 1955, which gave Eisenhower unprecedented power in advance to use military force at any level in defense of Free China and the Pescadores. The Resolution bolstered

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A point of emphasis in Eisenhower's campaign had been his endorsement of a policy of liberation from communism as opposed to a policy of containment. This remained his preference despite the armistice with Korea. Throughout his terms Eisenhower took a hard-line attitude toward China, as demanded by

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where they set goals for his first term: balance the budget, end the Korean War, defend vital interests at lower cost through nuclear deterrent, and end price and wage controls. He also conducted the first pre-inaugural cabinet meeting in history in late 1952; he used this meeting to articulate his

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Our landings in the Cherbourg-Havre area have failed to gain a satisfactory foothold and I have withdrawn the troops. My decision to attack at this time and place was based on the best information available. The troops, the air and the Navy did all that bravery and devotion to duty could do. If any

1822:, a classmate of his at West Point. Having been brought up in Mexico, which inculcated into him the Spanish culture which influenced both Mexico and the Philippines, Ord was deemed the right pick for the job. Eisenhower had strong philosophical disagreements with MacArthur regarding the role of the 1323:

and graduated in 1909. As a freshman, he injured his knee and developed a leg infection that extended into his groin, which his doctor diagnosed as life-threatening. The doctor insisted that the leg be amputated but Dwight refused to allow it, and surprisingly recovered, though he had to repeat his

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Most significantly, the 1950 congressional investigations and the Hoey committee's final report helped institutionalize discrimination by laying the groundwork for President Dwight D. Eisenhower's 1953 Executive Order #10450, 'Security Requirements for Government Employment.' That order explicitly

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wrote that "figuratively speaking, kicked his political-minded visitor out of his office". As others asked him about his political future, Eisenhower told one that he could not imagine wanting to be considered for any political job "from dogcatcher to Grand High Supreme King of the Universe", and

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Eisenhower, as well as the officers and troops under him, had learned valuable lessons in their previous operations, and their skills had all strengthened in preparation for the next most difficult campaign against the Germans—a beach landing assault. His first struggles, however, were with Allied

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Whittaker was unsuited for the role and retired in 1962, after Eisenhower's presidency had ended. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who

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In the United States presidential election of 1956, Eisenhower, the popular incumbent, was re-elected. The election was a re-match of 1952, as his opponent in 1956 was Stevenson, a former Illinois governor, whom Eisenhower had defeated four years earlier. Compared to the 1952 election, Eisenhower

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Eisenhower accepted the presidency of the university to expand his ability to promote "the American form of democracy" through education. He was clear on this point to the trustees on the search committee. He informed them that his main purpose was "to promote the basic concepts of education in a

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Some men are considered great because they lead great armies or they lead powerful nations. For eight years now, Dwight Eisenhower has neither commanded an army nor led a nation; and yet he remained through his final days the world's most admired and respected man, truly the first citizen of the

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Most Arab countries were skeptical about the "Eisenhower doctrine" because they considered "Zionist imperialism" the real danger. However, they did take the opportunity to obtain free money and weapons. Egypt and Syria, supported by the Soviet Union, openly opposed the initiative. However, Egypt

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to avoid potential damage, but the matter permanently alienated the two candidates. The second issue centered on Eisenhower's relented decision to confront the controversial methods of Joseph McCarthy on his home turf in a Wisconsin appearance. Eisenhower condemned "wickedness in government", an

1568:, earning him the nickname the "Bridge Wizard of Manila". An unwritten qualification for an officer's appointment to Eisenhower's staff during World War II was the ability to play bridge. He played even during the stressful weeks leading up to the D-Day landings. His favorite partner was General 1509:

in 1948. He played golf frequently during and after his presidency and was unreserved in his passion for the game, to the point of golfing during winter; he ordered his golf balls painted black so he could see them better against snow. He had a basic golf facility installed at Camp David, and he

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Eisenhower's parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the

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President Eisenhower was operated on at 2:59 A.M. today for relief of an intestinal obstruction. At 4:55 A.M., the operation was pronounced a success by the surgeons. ... The President's condition was diagnosed as ileitis. This is an inflamation of the ileum—the lowest portion of the small

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Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to

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After the election of November 1960, Eisenhower, in a briefing with John F. Kennedy, pointed out the communist threat in Southeast Asia as requiring prioritization in the next administration. Eisenhower told Kennedy he considered Laos "the cork in the bottle" with regard to the regional threat.

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Historians long ago abandoned the view that Eisenhower's was a failed presidency. He did, after all, end the Korean War without getting into any others. He stabilized, and did not escalate, the Soviet–American rivalry. He strengthened European alliances while withdrawing support from European

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At West Point, Eisenhower relished the emphasis on traditions and on sports, but was less enthusiastic about the hazing, though he willingly accepted it as a plebe. He was also a regular violator of the more detailed regulations and finished school with a less than stellar discipline rating.

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about the strain campaigning would put on his heart, and wanted the president to withdraw, without letting him know of her intervention. Vice President Nixon himself was informed by White House physician Major General Howard Snyder that he could not approve a heavy campaign schedule for the

2870:. His cabinet consisted of several corporate executives and one labor leader, and one journalist dubbed it "eight millionaires and a plumber". The cabinet was known for its lack of personal friends, office seekers, or experienced government administrators. He also upgraded the role of the 1267:

Eisenhower was born David Dwight Eisenhower in Denison, Texas, on October 14, 1890, the third of seven sons born to Ida and David. His mother soon reversed his two forenames after his birth to avoid the confusion of having two Davids in the family. He was named Dwight after the evangelist

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in a landslide, with an electoral margin of 442 to 89, marking the first Republican return to the White House in 20 years. He also brought a Republican majority in the House, by eight votes, and in the Senate, evenly divided with Vice President Nixon providing Republicans the majority.

4129:. Eisenhower opposed the measure. The Old Guard agreed with Eisenhower on the development and ownership of nuclear reactors by private enterprises, which the Democrats opposed. The President succeeded in getting legislation creating a system of licensure for nuclear plants by the AEC. 3622:

to the United States. Eisenhower pledged his continued support, and a parade was held in Diem's honor in New York City. Although Diem was publicly praised, in private Secretary of State John Foster Dulles conceded that Diem had been selected because there were no better alternatives.

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in subverting communism, by helping him to build an army and wage a military campaign. In February 1955, Eisenhower dispatched the first American soldiers to Vietnam as military advisors to Diem's army. After Diem announced the formation of the Republic of Vietnam (commonly known as

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a second term was well advised, and he announced that he would run again in February 1956. Eisenhower was publicly noncommittal about having Nixon as the Vice President on his ticket; the question was an especially important one in light of his heart condition. He personally favored

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must recognize the "customs and usages prevailing in certain geographic areas of our country which the Navy had no part in creating," Eisenhower overruled him: "We have not taken and we shall not take a single backward step. There must be no second class citizens in this country."

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Should any party attempt to abolish social security and eliminate labor laws and farm programs, you would not hear of that party again in our political history. There is a tiny splinter group of course, that believes you can do these things Their number is negligible and they are

2571:. It held that Eisenhower was not a professional writer, but rather, marketing the lifetime asset of his experiences, and thus he had to pay only capital gains tax on his $ 635,000 advance instead of the much higher personal tax rate. This ruling saved Eisenhower about $ 400,000. 4753:

and other federal programs, he did not attempt to repeal them outright. In doing so, Eisenhower was popular among the liberal wing of the Republican Party. Conservative critics of his administration thought that he did not do enough to advance the goals of the right; according to

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sanctuary, he considered using nuclear weapons if an armistice was not reached. Whether China was informed of the potential for nuclear force is unknown. His earlier military reputation in Europe was effective with the Chinese communists. The National Security Council, the

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Eisenhower made greater use of press conferences than any previous president, holding almost 200 over his two terms. He saw the benefit of maintaining a good relationship with the press, and he saw value in them as a means of direct communication with the American people.

2825:. His voters were less likely to bring up his leadership record. Instead what stood out this time "was the response to personal qualities — to his sincerity, his integrity and sense of duty, his virtue as a family man, his religious devotion, and his sheer likeableness." 2610:. He returned to his post in New York in mid-May, and in July 1949 took a two-month vacation out-of-state. Because the American Assembly had begun to take shape, he traveled around the country during summer and fall 1950, building financial support for it, including from 1542:

stated that Eisenhower's paintings, "simple and earnest", caused her to "wonder at the hidden depths of this reticent president". A conservative in both art and politics, Eisenhower in a 1962 speech denounced modern art as "a piece of canvas that looks like a broken-down

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Once the coastal assault had succeeded, Eisenhower insisted on retaining personal control over the land battle strategy and was immersed in the command and supply of multiple assaults through France on Germany. Field Marshal Montgomery insisted priority be given to his

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in most European armies. In this and the previous high commands he held, Eisenhower showed his great talents for leadership and diplomacy. Although he had never seen action himself, he won the respect of front-line commanders. He interacted adeptly with allies such as

2108: 1916:, and then succeeded Gerow as Chief of the War Plans Division. Next, he was appointed Assistant Chief of Staff in charge of the new Operations Division (which replaced WPD) under Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall, who spotted talent and promoted accordingly. 4439: 12164:"Eisenhower Out Of Danger; Will Be Able To Resume Duties And Seek Reelection: Doctors See Prospect of Full Return to Job in Four to Six Weeks: Operation Performed to Prevent Gangrene of Bowel: Signing of Official Papers Viewed as Likely by Tomorrow or Tuesday" 1288:. While his mother was against war, it was her collection of history books that first sparked Eisenhower's interest in military history; he became a voracious reader on the subject. Other favorite subjects early in his education were arithmetic and spelling. 3040: 1697:

to test vehicles and dramatize the need for improved roads. Indeed, the convoy averaged only 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) from Washington, D.C. to San Francisco; later the improvement of highways became a signature issue for Eisenhower as president.

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Since the 19th century, many if not all presidents were assisted by a central figure or "gatekeeper", sometimes described as the president's private secretary, sometimes with no official title. Eisenhower formalized this role, introducing the office of

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an eye, for which he was remorseful for the remainder of his life. Eisenhower developed a keen and enduring interest in exploring the outdoors. He learned about hunting and fishing, cooking, and card playing from a man named Bob Davis who camped on the

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applicants were barred from federal employment and over 5,000 federal employees were fired under suspicions of being homosexual. From 1947 to 1961 the number of firings based on sexual orientation were far greater than those for membership in the

3740:. He publicly disavowed his allies at the United Nations and used financial and diplomatic pressure to make them withdraw from Egypt. Eisenhower explicitly defended his strong position against Britain and France in his memoirs, published in 1965. 4639:, decorated with Army Distinguished Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Legion of Merit. Buried alongside Eisenhower are his son Doud, who died at age 3 in 1921, and wife Mamie, who died in 1979. 2009:

leaders were "thunderstruck" by this from a political standpoint, though none had offered Eisenhower guidance with the problem in planning the operation. Eisenhower was severely criticized for the move. Darlan was assassinated on December 24 by

1805:

encampment in Washington, D.C. Although he was against the actions taken against the veterans and strongly advised MacArthur against taking a public role in it, he later wrote the Army's official incident report, endorsing MacArthur's conduct.

4905:

The Interstate Highway System is officially known as the "Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways". It was inspired in part by Eisenhower's experiences in World War II, where he recognized the advantages of the

4572:

was conducted at the Washington National Cathedral on March 31. The president and First Lady, Richard and Pat Nixon, attended, as did former president Lyndon Johnson. Also among the 2,000 guests that were invited were the UN Secretary-General

4436: 2694: 2622:, a research facility to "study war as a tragic social phenomenon". Eisenhower was able to use his network of wealthy friends and acquaintances to secure initial funding for it. Under its founding director, international relations scholar 2945:

Eisenhower made full use of his valet, chauffeur, and secretarial support; he rarely drove or even dialed a phone number. He was an avid fisherman, golfer, painter, and bridge player. On August 26, 1959, he was aboard the maiden flight of

1642: – his first command. Though Eisenhower and his tank crews never saw combat, he displayed excellent organizational skills as well as an ability to accurately assess junior officers' strengths and make optimal placements of personnel. 26151: 2586:, Eisenhower's "vision of a great cultural center where business, professional and governmental leaders could meet from time to time to discuss and reach conclusions concerning problems of a social and political nature". His biographer 8258: 2563:, was published. It was a major financial success. Eisenhower sought the advice of Augusta National's Roberts about the tax implications of this, and in due course Eisenhower's profit on the book was substantially aided by what author 3579:

for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied participation and congressional approval. When the French fortress of

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took place, and control of forces in the southern invasion passed from the AFHQ to the SHAEF. Many thought that victory in Europe would come by summer's end, but the Germans did not capitulate for almost a year. From then until the

813: 19529: 19524: 804: 2682:. The effort was a long struggle; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty to offer himself as a candidate and that there was a mandate from the public for him to be their president. 1912:, where he served until June 1942 with responsibility for creating the major war plans to defeat Japan and Germany. He was appointed Deputy Chief in charge of Pacific Defenses under the Chief of War Plans Division (WPD), General 4414:

It was originally intended for Eisenhower to have a more active role in the campaign as he wanted to respond to attacks Kennedy made on his administration. However, First Lady Mamie Eisenhower expressed concern to Second Lady

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dissuaded the President from intervening by presenting a comprehensive estimate of the massive military deployment that would be necessary. Eisenhower stated prophetically that "this war would absorb our troops by divisions."

25981: 9074:

Eisenhower lived in 'Telegraph Cottage', Warren Road, Coombe, from 1942 to 1944. In 1995, a plaque commemorating this was placed there by the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. It can be seen at the north end of Warren

4438: 3308:, kill civilians, and cause economic damage. The CIA also trained and commanded pilots to bomb civilian airfields. The CIA began preparations for an invasion of Cuba by Cuban expatriates, ultimately resulting in the failed 4156:

office himself coming around and telling them 'The Chief wants this'. The administration never made use of many Republicans of consequence whose services in one form or another would have been available for the asking."

3090:

convinced him of the benefits of an Interstate Highway System. The system could also be used as a runway for airplanes, which would be beneficial to war efforts. Franklin D. Roosevelt put this system into place with the

4290:

He was the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office, but people around him deliberately misled the public about his health. On September 24, 1955, while vacationing in

4144:, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, wrote that Eisenhower "never surrounded himself with assistants who could solve political problems with professional skill. There were exceptions, 3449:(SAC) devised detailed plans for nuclear war against Red China. With the death of Stalin in March 1953, Russian support for a Chinese communist hard-line weakened and China decided to compromise on the prisoner issue. 3227:, which would have limited the president's treaty making power and ability to enter into executive agreements with foreign leaders. The Eisenhower administration used propaganda and covert action extensively, and the 1529:

paint Mamie's portrait. Eisenhower painted about 260 oils during the last 20 years of his life. The images were mostly landscapes but also portraits of subjects such as Mamie, their grandchildren, General Montgomery,

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was passed on December 14, 1944, as a temporary rank, subject to reversion to permanent rank six months after the end of the war. The temporary rank was declared permanent on March 23, 1946, by Public Law 333 of the

1793:

in 1933 and later served on the faculty (it was later expanded to become the Industrial College of the Armed Services and is now known as the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy).

1563:

at West Point, Eisenhower played the game six nights a week for five months. Eisenhower continued to play bridge throughout his military career. While stationed in the Philippines, he played regularly with President

4816:, which also awarded full pay and allowances in the grade to those on the retired list. It was created to give the most senior American commanders parity of rank with their British counterparts holding the ranks of 3750:

Eisenhower applied the doctrine in 1957–1958 by dispensing economic aid to Jordan, and by encouraging Syria's neighbors to consider military operations against it. More dramatically, in July 1958, he sent 15,000

25986: 3039: 3884:. The U-2 incident shattered the amiable "Spirit of Camp David" that had prevailed for eight months, prompting the cancellation of the summit in Paris and embarrassing the U.S. on the international stage. The 2617:

He did have some successes at Columbia. Puzzled as to why no American university had undertaken the "continuous study of the causes, conduct and consequences of war", Eisenhower undertook the creation of the

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Johnson has demonstrated that during this era government officials intentionally engaged in campaigns to associate homosexuality with Communism: 'homosexual' and 'pervert' became synonyms for 'Communist' and

2669:

President Truman sensed a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, and he again pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat in 1951. But Eisenhower voiced his disagreements with the

4110:. Eisenhower later suffered a major political defeat when his nomination of Strauss to be Secretary of Commerce was defeated in the Senate in 1959, in part due to Strauss's role in the Oppenheimer matter. 3522:

China invited some American reporters to China in 1956, having previously ousted American reporters after the PRC's founding. Eisenhower upheld the U.S. ban on travel to China. U.S. newspapers, including

19902: 12751: 2315:, but Eisenhower decided it would be a military mistake for him to attack Berlin and said orders to that effect would have to be explicit. The British backed down but then wanted Eisenhower to move into 4078:

drew criticism from a number of corners. In late 1953, McCarthy declared on national television that the employment of communists within the government was a menace and would be a pivotal issue in the

1366:. Eisenhower suffered a torn knee while being tackled in the next game, which was the last he played; he reinjured his knee on horseback and in the boxing ring, so he turned to fencing and gymnastics. 12546: 9125: 8938: 4532:

in a campaign commercial. That endorsement came somewhat reluctantly, because Goldwater had in the late 1950s criticized Eisenhower's administration as "a dime-store New Deal". On January 20, 1969,

23048: 4777:" policy that still prevails in the US military. Officers who are passed over for promotion twice are then usually honorably but quickly discharged to make way for younger and more able officers. 1657:) sought to denigrate Eisenhower for his previous lack of combat duty, despite his stateside experience establishing a camp for thousands of troops and developing a full combat training schedule. 1931:. He returned to Washington on June 3 with a pessimistic assessment, stating he had an "uneasy feeling" about Chaney and his staff. On June 23, 1942, he returned to London as Commanding General, 1765:

During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Eisenhower's career stalled somewhat, as military priorities diminished; many of his friends resigned for high-paying business jobs. He was assigned to the

1989:

was deemed necessary to the campaign and Eisenhower encountered a "preposterous situation" with the multiple rival factions in France. His primary objective was to move forces successfully into

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anti-communist Russia policy. His inaugural address was exclusively devoted to foreign policy and included this same philosophy as well as a commitment to foreign trade and the United Nations.

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Academically, Eisenhower's best subject by far was English. Otherwise, his performance was average, though he thoroughly enjoyed the typical emphasis of engineering on science and mathematics.

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The trustees of Columbia University declined to accept Eisenhower's offer to resign in December 1950, when he took an extended leave from the university to become the Supreme Commander of the

25996: 16843: 4336:, which caused a mild stroke during a cabinet meeting on November 25, 1957, when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to move his right hand or to speak. The president also suffered from 1331:

Edgar took the first turn at school, and Dwight was employed as a night supervisor at the Belle Springs Creamery. When Edgar asked for a second year, Dwight consented. At that time, a friend

4314:, and failed to call in help that was urgently needed. Snyder later falsified his own records to cover his blunder and to allow Eisenhower to imply that he was healthy enough to do his job. 12342: 4993:

to design the memorial. The groundbreaking ceremony of the memorial was held on November 3, 2017, and was dedicated on September 17, 2020. It stands on a 4-acre (1.6 ha) site near the

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in September 1954. Eisenhower received recommendations embracing every variation of response; he thought it essential to have every possible option available to him as the crisis unfolded.

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wrote to Eisenhower to thank him for his actions, writing "The overwhelming majority of southerners, Negro and white, stand firmly behind your resolute action to restore law and order in

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and the leadership qualities that an American army officer should exhibit and develop in his subordinates. The antipathy between Eisenhower and MacArthur lasted the rest of their lives.

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fought with Eisenhower over King's refusal to provide additional landing craft from the Pacific. Eisenhower also insisted that the British give him exclusive command over all strategic

1705:, Maryland, commanding a battalion of tanks, where he remained until 1922. His schooling continued, focused on the nature of the next war and the role of the tank. His new expertise in 3978:

to hear testimony about abuses of voting rights. Although both acts were much weaker than subsequent civil rights legislation, they constituted the first significant civil rights acts

2591:

the bedrock of his understanding in economic policy. "Whatever General Eisenhower knows about economics, he has learned at the study group meetings," one Aid to Europe member claimed.

2170:

justified, and Eisenhower prevailed. He also had to skillfully manage to retain the services of the often unruly George S. Patton, by severely reprimanding him when Patton earlier had

26301: 22118: 21666: 16142: 13559: 12380: 7363: 4628: 395: 4853:'s obverse design (left) and reverse design (right) of the Presidential Medal of Appreciation award during Eisenhower's official visit to the State of Hawaii from June 20 to 25, 1960 1581:

frequently participated in the White House games and said, "The President plays better bridge than golf. He tries to break 90 at golf. At bridge, you would say he plays in the 70s."

1203: 26131: 16874: 7661: 4101:. Although Eisenhower never really believed these allegations, in January 1954 he ordered that "a blank wall" be placed between Oppenheimer and all defense-related activities. The 16201: 15668: 9507: 26141: 12576: 17572: 13021: 4437: 2846:

Truman and Eisenhower had minimal discussions about the transition of administrations due to a complete estrangement between them as a result of campaigning. Eisenhower selected

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In December 1943, President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower – not Marshall – would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe. The following month, he resumed command of

1343:. Though Eisenhower was among the winners of the entrance-exam competition, he was beyond the age limit for the Naval Academy. He accepted an appointment to West Point in 1911. 14073: 11659:. The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy at the University of California Los Angeles School of Law. pp. 5–3. Archived from 11586:. The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy at the University of California Los Angeles School of Law. pp. 5–3. Archived from 26031: 21221: 18913: 7268: 4047:, and government officials intentionally campaigned to make "homosexual" synonymous with "Communist traitor" such that LGBT people were treated as a national security threat. 2109: 4729: 23041: 19553: 4329:

with a national reputation, who regularly informed the press of the president's progress. His physician recommended a second presidential term as essential to his recovery.

3584:

fell to the Vietnamese Communists in May 1954, Eisenhower refused to intervene despite urging from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, the Vice President and the head of NCS.

1971:(A(E)FHQ). The word "expeditionary" was dropped soon after his appointment for security reasons. The campaign in North Africa was designated Operation Torch and was planned 15437: 3480:

as the greatest achievement of the administration. Eisenhower had the insight to realize that unlimited war in the nuclear age was unthinkable, and limited war unwinnable.

3038: 2750:

Two controversies tested him and his staff, but they did not damage the campaign. One involved a report that Nixon had improperly received funds from a secret trust. Nixon

2034:, Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates. He also was initially indecisive in his removal of 12812: 5336: 2467:

In June 1943, a visiting politician had suggested to Eisenhower that he might become president after the war. Believing that a general should not participate in politics,

26171: 26166: 26046: 26006: 18906: 17768: 16708: 9050: 3223:, leaving it divided North and South. The U.S. has kept major forces there ever since to deter North Korea. In 1954, he played a key role in the Senate's defeat of the 1350:

In athletics, Eisenhower later said that "not making the baseball team at West Point was one of the greatest disappointments of my life, maybe my greatest". He made the

26161: 17709: 16895: 16836: 12133:"President Undergoes Surgery on Intestine Block at 2:59 A.M.: Doctors Pronounce It Success : Condition Is Good: Operation Lasts Hour and 53 Minutes–13 Attend Him" 4187: 14147: 26196: 15971: 15764: 15678: 10580: 4792:, the only four men to achieve the rank in World War II. Along with Omar Bradley, they were the only five men to achieve the rank since the August 5, 1888, death of 4385: 3169: 918: 3709:

Even before he was inaugurated Eisenhower accepted a request from the British government to restore the Shah of Iran (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi) to power. He therefore

2678:" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator 26011: 23034: 21455: 19539: 19534: 19519: 19514: 19509: 19504: 19499: 16526: 15632: 11124: 10089: 8221: 16226: 14056: 13384: 4152:

tried to open the administration's eyes to the political facts of life, with occasional success. However, these exceptions were not enough to right the balance."

3927:

in February 1953, saying "I propose to use whatever authority exists in the office of the President to end segregation in the District of Columbia, including the

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democracy". As a result, he was "almost incessantly" devoted to the idea of the American Assembly, a concept he developed into an institution by the end of 1950.

2284:. He had serious disagreements with Churchill and Montgomery over questions of strategy, but these rarely upset his relationships with them. He dealt with Soviet 26206: 22541: 15955: 14189: 1279:

In 1892, the family moved to Abilene, Kansas, which Eisenhower considered his hometown. As a child, he was involved in an accident that cost his younger brother

17121: 15663: 12743: 11916: 2125:(SHAEF), serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945. He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied 26176: 25936: 25001: 22111: 21659: 7258: 5238: 4512:

After leaving office, Eisenhower did not completely retreat from political life. He flew to San Antonio, where he had been stationed years earlier, to support

1235:

David Jacob Eisenhower, Eisenhower's father, was a college-educated engineer, despite his own father's urging to stay on the family farm. Eisenhower's mother,

9564: 2323:. The actual division of Germany followed the lines that Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin had previously agreed upon. The Soviet Red Army captured Berlin in a 1881:, Washington, later becoming the regimental executive officer. In March 1941 he was promoted to colonel and assigned as chief of staff of the newly activated 1328:

both wanted to attend college, though they lacked the funds. They made a pact to take alternate years at college while the other worked to earn the tuitions.

26291: 26146: 26021: 25911: 22503: 22080: 16829: 15880: 15847: 12536: 8931: 4118:. Eisenhower's denial of McCarthy's access to his staff reduced McCarthy's hearings to rants about trivial matters and contributed to his ultimate downfall. 3619: 3086:. He was assigned as an observer for the mission, which involved sending a convoy of Army vehicles coast to coast. His subsequent experience with the German 2186:

on May 8, 1945, Eisenhower, through SHAEF, commanded all Allied forces, and through his command of ETOUSA had administrative command of all US forces on the

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As the election approached, other prominent citizens and politicians from both parties urged Eisenhower to run. In January 1948, after learning of plans in

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of 1956, he condemned the Israeli, British, and French invasion of Egypt, and he forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the

7237: – a 2004 American television film about the decisions Eisenhower made as Supreme Commander that led to the successful D-Day invasion of World War II 2525: 25971: 24683: 20134: 15989: 13869: 583: 2731:

in the general election, against the advice of his campaign team, refusing to surrender the region to the Democrats. The campaign strategy was dubbed "K

2375:

Following the German unconditional surrender, Eisenhower was appointed military governor of the American-occupied zone of Germany, located primarily in

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fired for suspected homosexuality from the State Department alone—a far greater number than were dismissed for their membership in the Communist party.

3575:

Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop

3300:. In response to the revolution, the Eisenhower administration broke ties with Cuba and Eisenhower approved a CIA operation to carry out a campaign of 2118: 17114: 13753: 11625: 11548: 26286: 26281: 22104: 21652: 16986: 15479: 14013: 13712: 13443: 3472:. The armistice and boundary remain in effect today. The armistice, which concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles, South Korean President 26211: 13629: 13361: 12367:

Mr. Kennedy signed into law the act of Congress restoring the five-star rank of General of the Army to his predecessor, Dwight D. Eisenhower. (15:5)

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was signed a week before his departure date. Completely missing out on the warfront left him depressed and bitter for a time, despite receiving the

1401:, Texas, under the command of General Funston. In 1916, while stationed at Fort Sam Houston, Funston convinced him to become the football coach for 20724: 19921: 19914: 13590: 12505: 8380: 7394: 1276:) and "Little Ike" (Dwight); the nickname was intended as an abbreviation of their last name. By World War II, only Dwight was still called "Ike". 15627: 14164: 12354: 8754: 8354: 3962:

officials to make the city a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public-school children. He proposed to Congress the

1339:

and urged Dwight to apply, since no tuition was required. Eisenhower requested consideration for either Annapolis or West Point with his Senator,

968:

shortly before the entry of the US into World War II in 1941. After further promotion Eisenhower oversaw the Allied invasions of North Africa and

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Following the presidency, Eisenhower moved to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the

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another that he could not serve as Army Chief of Staff if others believed he had political ambitions. In 1945, Truman told Eisenhower during the

2221:

Every ground commander seeks the battle of annihilation; so far as conditions permit, he tries to duplicate in modern war the classic example of

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insignia were introduced in 1993 and now are displayed throughout the Interstate System. Several highways are also named for him, including the

3377:

declined Eisenhower's proposal at the Geneva conference in July 1955. In response to Sputnik being launched in October 1957, Eisenhower created

2451:, he was shocked by the scale of destruction in the city. However, by mid-1947, as east–west tensions over economic recovery in Germany and the 26251: 26246: 26026: 25715: 25434: 24676: 20699: 19873: 17702: 16919: 15389: 14319: 12622: 7806: 4340:, which necessitated surgery for a bowel obstruction on June 9, 1956. To treat the intestinal block, surgeons bypassed about ten inches of his 3598:

was made ambassador to "Free Vietnam", effectively elevating the country to sovereign status. Collins' instructions were to support the leader

1986: 1801:. He then was posted as chief military aide to General Douglas MacArthur, Army Chief of Staff. In 1932, he participated in the clearing of the 13899: 13675: 12316: 9960: 2495:

was considered the probable winner and would presumably serve two terms, meaning that Eisenhower, at age 66 in 1956, would be too old to run.

1818:

in developing their army. MacArthur allowed Eisenhower to handpick an officer whom he thought would contribute to the mission. Hence he chose

1389:. After graduation in 1915, Second Lieutenant Eisenhower requested an assignment in the Philippines, which was denied; because of the ongoing 26306: 26096: 26061: 25130: 20694: 19429: 17353: 16246: 16231: 16169: 15637: 13949: 13489: 10650:

Logsdon, John M., and Lear, Linda J. Exploring the Unknown:Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program/ Washington D.C.

8706: 7718: 4661: 4177: 13551: 12390: 10211: 7939: 4505:, 70 miles (110 km) from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. They also maintained a retirement home in 4423: 26001: 25951: 25392: 22220: 22162: 21798: 21710: 21537: 21448: 20855: 20769: 20744: 20709: 20684: 18553: 18533: 18513: 18493: 18473: 18453: 18433: 18413: 18393: 18373: 18353: 18333: 18313: 18293: 18273: 18253: 18233: 18213: 18193: 18173: 18153: 18133: 18113: 18093: 18073: 18053: 18033: 18013: 17993: 17004: 16096: 16091: 16086: 13186: 12276: 8672: 8139: 7263: 5017: 4624: 4458:

Because of legal issues related to holding a military rank while in a civilian office, Eisenhower had resigned his permanent commission as

2606:

in Washington. Two months later he fell ill with what was diagnosed as acute gastroenteritis, and he spent over a month in recovery at the

2380: 13239: 11510:"An interview with David K. Johnson author of The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government" 7650: 2703:

Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination, having won critical delegate votes from Texas. His campaign was noted for the simple slogan "

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leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion; he argued with Roosevelt over an essential agreement with

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President de Gaulle arrived by plane from Paris, on his first visit to the United States since the funeral of President Kennedy in 1963.

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issue, as Communists around the world used the racial discrimination and history of violence in the US as a point of propaganda attack.

1645:

His spirits were raised when the unit under his command received orders overseas to France. This time his wishes were thwarted when the

26261: 26201: 26156: 26116: 25941: 24994: 20739: 20729: 20714: 20051: 15658: 15565: 15057: 12706: 12568: 12280: 10703:

The Presidents's Science Advisory Committee, "Report of the Ad Hoc Panel on Man-in-Space" December 16, 1960. NASA Historical Collection

9117: 5841: 4181: 2985: 1080: 11517: 11247:"The Suez Crisis of 1956 and Its Aftermath: A Comparative Study of Constitutions, Use of Force, Diplomacy and International Relations" 10304: 3381:

as a civilian space agency in October 1958, signed a landmark science education law, and improved relations with American scientists.

1674:

Eisenhower (far right) with friends William Stuhler, Major Brett, and Paul V. Robinson in 1919, four years after graduating from the

26256: 20779: 20719: 20704: 18709: 17695: 17562: 16673: 16137: 5185: 5005: 4892: 3108: 2914: 14299: 12476: 10539: 7974: 26121: 25358: 22136: 22132: 22128: 21684: 21680: 21676: 21315: 20812: 20764: 20749: 20144: 19976: 19971: 19713: 17130: 16718: 16714: 16615: 16206: 16116: 16111: 16031: 15966: 15580: 15429: 7909: 4407: 2795: 2650: 2568: 2557:. The choice was subsequently characterized as not having been a good fit for either party. During that year, Eisenhower's memoir, 2477: 2428: 1786: 1175: 1020: 1016: 989: 231: 26111: 25528: 25277: 11376: 11246: 4392:

on the presidency, was ratified in 1951. Eisenhower was the first president constitutionally prevented from serving a third term.

2480:, and in 1947 he offered to run as Eisenhower's running mate on the Democratic ticket if MacArthur won the Republican nomination. 1059:

of nuclear deterrence prioritized "inexpensive" nuclear weapons while reducing funding for expensive Army divisions. He continued

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President Eisenhower delivered remarks about the need for a new highway program at Cadillac Square in Detroit on October 29, 1954

2871: 2137: 1774: 1650: 1590: 1435:; Funston approved 10 days of leave for their wedding. The Eisenhowers moved many times during their first 35 years of marriage. 820: 507: 13303: 11638:

Historians estimate that somewhere between 5,000 and tens of thousands of gay workers lost their jobs during the Lavender Scare.

4132:

The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader

4082:. Eisenhower was urged to respond directly and specify the various measures he had taken to purge the government of communists. 2901:" and used terms such as "progressive moderate" and "dynamic conservatism" to describe his approach. He continued all the major 26311: 26296: 26066: 26051: 25370: 23608: 22527: 21334: 21069: 20754: 20104: 20084: 19859: 19608: 10572: 8780: 4521: 4086: 3286:, under which any country in the Middle East could request American economic assistance or aid from American military forces. 2319:

for political reasons. Washington refused to support Churchill's plan to use Eisenhower's army for political maneuvers against

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Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower's combat command skills; during the initial phase of

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in 1950. The anvil represents the fact that his name is derived from the German for "iron hewer", making these an example of

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In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of US military advisors in South Vietnam to 900. This was due to

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In November 1956, Eisenhower forced an end to the combined British, French and Israeli invasion of Egypt in response to the

2897:

Throughout his presidency, Eisenhower adhered to a political philosophy of dynamic conservatism. He described himself as a "

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After the Suez Crisis, the United States became the protector of unstable friendly governments in the Middle East via the "

3432:

In late 1952, Eisenhower went to Korea and discovered a military and political stalemate. Once in office, when the Chinese

3413: 1829:

Historians have concluded that this assignment provided valuable preparation for handling the challenging personalities of

1766: 1744:, where, joined by Mamie, he served until 1924. Under Conner's tutelage, he studied military history and theory (including 1187: 524: 54: 7841: 3849:

Initially, American authorities acknowledged the incident as the loss of a civilian weather research aircraft operated by

1239:, of predominantly German Protestant ancestry, moved to Kansas from Virginia. She married David on September 23, 1885, in 26106: 26091: 25906: 25158: 25108: 22508: 22215: 22157: 22085: 21793: 21705: 21088: 20891: 20523: 19728: 18561: 18540: 18520: 18500: 18480: 18460: 18440: 18420: 18400: 18380: 18360: 18340: 18320: 18300: 18280: 18260: 18240: 18220: 18200: 18180: 18160: 18140: 18120: 18100: 18080: 18060: 18040: 18020: 18000: 17976: 17963: 17950: 17937: 17924: 17911: 17898: 17885: 17872: 17859: 17846: 17833: 17807: 17794: 16194: 16106: 16101: 15333: 14929:

Jacobs, Travis Beal (1993). "Eisenhower, the American Assembly, and the 1952 Elections". In Warshaw, Shirley Anne (ed.).

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to make recommendations for his cabinet appointments. He accepted their recommendations without exception; they included

2488: 2268: 2171: 2042:. He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns. In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of 1964: 914: 89: 13376: 13141: 11128: 10641:

John M. Logsdon, "Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program" (NASA; 1995)

8232: 8108: 3607:) in October, Eisenhower immediately recognized the new state and offered military, economic, and technical assistance. 26271: 21477: 20969: 20543: 20069: 19834: 19419: 19390: 18662: 16018: 15793: 15546: 15382: 15009: 14885: 14831: 14772: 14698: 14677: 14509: 14043: 13279: 12460: 11963: 11484: 11347: 11108: 10380: 10279: 10252: 10122: 10040: 9223: 8446: 8421: 8131: 7099: 7031: 6952: 6063: 5714: 4716:

Following the access of Eisenhower's private papers, his reputation changed amongst presidential historians. Historian

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and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil rights office inside the

3669:. This development came at a time when other victorious Allies and much of the rest of the world remained hostile to a 3409: 3396:

that would protect the United States. In strategic terms, it was Eisenhower who devised the American basic strategy of

3252: 2834: 2634: 2619: 2295:, which the Allies turned back in early 1945 after Eisenhower repositioned his armies and improved weather allowed the 1631: 1551: 1199: 977: 731: 25246: 14199: 13611:

Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands in an interview with H.G. Meijer, published in "Het Vliegerkruis", Amsterdam 1997,

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before assuming the presidency. Upon completion of his presidential term, his commission was reactivated by Congress.

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Mason, Robert. "War Hero in the White House: Dwight Eisenhower and the Politics of Peace, Prosperity, and Party." in

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state to overfly all states, a region free of military posturing and launch Earth satellites to explore space". His

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in 1956; the Eisenhower administration did not become directly involved, but condemned the military invasion by the

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Eisenhower, Dwight D.: visit to San Antonio in behalf of John Goode and Henry Catto, Jr.; downtown S.A. 10/29/1961

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Jones, Matthew (2008). "Targeting China: U.S. Nuclear Planning and 'Massive Retaliation' in East Asia, 1953–1955".

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in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord, the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany.

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Brothers Rivals Victors: Eisenhower, Patton, Bradley, and the Partnership that Drove the Allied Conquest in Europe

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Eisenhower was the last president born in the 19th century, and he was the oldest president-elect at age 62 since

1154:, which remains the largest construction of roadways in American history. In 1957, following the Soviet launch of 26101: 25946: 25921: 24947: 23309: 23014: 21495: 21184: 20613: 20563: 20493: 20433: 20413: 20293: 20263: 20213: 19854: 19768: 19733: 18686: 18644: 18620: 18614: 16852: 16639: 16421: 15926: 15788: 15650: 15615: 15610: 15605: 15600: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15536: 15499: 15421: 15319: 14274: 13815: 13474: 13356: 12011:

Robert P. Hudson, "Eisenhower's Heart Attack: How Ike Beat Heart Disease and Held on to the Presidency (review)"

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system in Germany. Commemorative signs reading "Eisenhower Interstate System" and bearing Eisenhower's permanent

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and others succeeded in convincing him, and he resigned his command at NATO in June 1952 to campaign full-time.

2144:, on June 5, 1944, the day before the D-Day invasion. The officer Eisenhower is speaking to is First Lieutenant 1781:

and graduated in 1928. After a one-year assignment in France, Eisenhower served as executive officer to General

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Eisenhower later served as junior varsity football coach and cheerleader, which caught the attention of General

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Irish, Kerry. "Dwight Eisenhower and Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines: There Must Be a Day of Reckoning",

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the morale of the Chinese nationalists and signaled to Beijing that the US was committed to holding the line.

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celebrated America's Moon landings, which began 11 years after NASA was created during Eisenhower's presidency

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Among Eisenhower's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the

3718: 3681:. This accord took the form of three separate executive agreements that pledged the United States to furnish 3345:, that Russia had the capability to launch a small payload into orbit and was likely to do so within a year. 3083: 3003:

which allowed the civilian world to develop nuclear fission technology for peaceful and prosperous purposes.

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Belair, Felix Jr. (March 29, 1969). "Eisenhower Dead at 78 as Ailing Heart Fails; Rites Will Start Today".

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Eisenhower received many honorary degrees from universities and colleges around the world. These included:

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in the Lifetime Achievement category for his contributions to the sport. In 1973, he was inducted into the

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in Washington, DC. Eisenhower graduated from this school when it was known as the Army Industrial College.

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The D-Day Normandy landings on June 6, 1944, were costly but successful. Two months later (August 15), the

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In 1935, he accompanied MacArthur to the Philippines, where he served as assistant military adviser to the

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Bergman, Jerry. "Steeped in Religion: President Eisenhower and the Influence of the Jehovah's Witnesses",

5937: 5409: 5315: 4758:, "Eisenhower's victories were but accidents without consequence in the history of the Republican party." 26276: 26041: 24428: 22306: 21884: 20841: 20603: 20573: 20313: 20243: 20175: 20021: 19936: 19890: 19718: 19613: 19593: 18920: 18680: 18668: 18576: 17163: 16444: 13633: 13469: 12872: 12092:

disease is a better man physically.' He added: 'Whether the American people will buy that, I don't know.'

9597: 9533: 8390: 6999: 6967: 6918: 6617: 5793: 5729: 5582: 5385: 4941: 4931: 4656: 4536:, Eisenhower issued a statement praising his former vice president and calling it a "day for rejoicing". 3991: 3349: 3228: 2602:

on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal

2435:

and relations with the Soviets, Truman was guided by the State Department and ignored Eisenhower and the

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on recommendations by MacArthur, to become the chief of police of a new capital being planned, now named

1845:, making a solo flight over the Philippines in 1937, and obtained his private pilot's license in 1939 at 1526: 1382: 1351: 1336: 1229: 964:

crews. Between the wars he served in staff positions in the US and the Philippines, reaching the rank of

35: 20833: 13582: 12513: 12075:"Butler Criticizes Illness Reports: Says News Has Been Handled in Terms of Propaganda—Hagerty Denies It" 8346: 7398: 4485: 3111:

in early 1958 in response to the successful launch of the first orbital satellite from the Soviet Union

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Within months of becoming university president, Eisenhower was requested to advise Secretary of Defense

1555:

was Eisenhower's favorite movie. His favorite reading material for relaxation was the Western novels of

1518:

on numerous occasions. Roberts, an investment broker, also handled the Eisenhower family's investments.

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systems to deter military threats and save money while cutting back on expensive Army combat units. A

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Goedde, Petra. "From Villains to Victims: Fraternization and the Feminization of Germany, 1945–1947",

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The incident occurred during the tenures of American president Dwight D. Eisenhower and Soviet leader

3292:

broke out during Eisenhower's second term, resulting in the replacement of pro-U.S. military dictator

2739:" and was intended to focus on attacking the Truman administration on three failures: the Korean War, 2267:

In recognition of his senior position in the Allied command, on December 20, 1944, he was promoted to

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The Making of the Masters: Clifford Roberts, Augusta National, and Golf's Most Prestigious Tournament

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Messerli F. H., Loughlin K. R., Messerli A. W., Welch W. R.: The President and the pheochromocytoma.

11653:

Documenting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in State Employment

11580:

Documenting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in State Employment

9063:

From January 1942 to June 1942, he was the commanding general, U.S. Army Forces in the British Isles.

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Graves of Dwight D. Eisenhower, Doud Dwight "Icky" Eisenhower and Mamie Eisenhower in Abilene, Kansas

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cigarettes at West Point, often three or four packs a day. He joked that he "gave an order" to stop

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The Eisenhauer (German for "iron hewer" or "iron miner") family migrated from the German village of

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The Economics of the Political Parties, with Special Attention to Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy

14340:"U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower with commemorative plaque at Ohio University Memorial Auditorium" 14269: 14226: 12448: 12320: 12106:"President's Heart Reported Sound; Surgery Is Indicated: Inflamed, Obstructed, Intestine Is Blamed" 10980: 9968: 6850: 6758: 6702: 6078: 5826: 5708: 5270: 5013: 4693:

and the associated international embarrassment, for the Soviet Union's perceived leadership in the

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Eisenhower's goal to create improved highways was influenced by his involvement in the Army's 1919

2963: 2898: 2707:". It was essential to his success that Eisenhower express opposition to Roosevelt's policy at the 2388: 2331: 2055: 2039: 2031: 1882: 1653:

for his work at home. In World War II, rivals who had combat service in the Great War (led by Gen.

1439: 1402: 1225: 1143: 666: 647: 24668: 23026: 13959: 13493: 12946: 8702: 7715: 5877: 5230: 4074:, and the relationship between the two men led to tension between the Senate and the White House. 2346:) would be made, and took steps against it by demanding extensive photo and film documentation of 1071:. His administration provided major aid to help the French fight off Vietnamese Communists in the 25543: 24907: 24843: 23624: 22044: 21561: 21513: 21489: 20663: 19753: 19708: 19648: 19623: 19578: 19345: 19240: 17441: 17193: 16586: 16303: 15885: 15829: 15709: 15519: 14170: 13780: 13168: 11284:

Little, Douglas (1996). "His finest hour? Eisenhower, Lebanon, and the 1958 Middle East Crisis".

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to the degree that activists wanted. Eisenhower also attracted criticism for his handling of the

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refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the

3975: 3815: 3662: 3614:'s support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then 2368: 2141: 2059: 1878: 1850: 1846: 1782: 1639: 714: 709: 608: 12618: 11955: 10977:

People's Diplomacy: How Americans and Chinese Transformed US-China Relations during the Cold War

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instead relied excessively upon the advice of his subordinates, especially that of AEC chairman

3212:. Eisenhower sought to reach a nuclear test ban treaty with the Soviet Union, but following the 1939:, and took over command of ETOUSA from Chaney. He was promoted to lieutenant general on July 7. 1797:

His primary duty was planning for the next war, which proved most difficult in the midst of the

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Parmet, Herbert S. Eisenhower and the American Crusades (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1972)

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assumed administrative duties and provided communication with the president. He was treated by

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on the next day his physician, General Howard Snyder, recalled that Eisenhower "drank several

2208: 2174:, and then when Patton gave a speech in which he made improper comments about postwar policy. 1947: 1670: 25628: 24790: 23979: 23758: 23698: 23682: 23228: 22966: 22710: 21507: 21229: 21121: 20519: 20016: 19788: 19743: 18228: 17624: 17059: 16544: 16438: 16374: 15943: 15875: 15823: 15524: 14021: 13515: 13272:

Authoritative Numismatic Reference: Presidential Medal of Appreciation Award Medals 1958–1963

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at the age of three. Eisenhower was mostly reluctant to discuss his death. Their second son,

1236: 1119: 926: 824: 743: 13752: 13325: 12731:, Center for Bibliographical Studies and Research at the University of California Riverside. 11618:"'These People Are Frightened to Death' Congressional Investigations and the Lavender Scare" 11541:"'These People Are Frightened to Death' Congressional Investigations and the Lavender Scare" 11446:

Mayer, Michael S. (1989). "The Eisenhower Administration and the Civil Rights Act of 1957".

10853:"Crisis and Confrontations: Chinese-American Relations during the Eisenhower Administration" 10451: 6110: 5982: 5631: 5345: 1623:. His unit was later ordered to France, but, to his chagrin, he received orders for the new 25901: 25896: 25875: 24848: 24471: 24144: 24020: 23951: 23931: 23927: 22572: 22366: 21531: 21102: 21008: 20977: 20046: 20036: 19305: 19300: 19290: 19140: 19135: 19044: 19026: 19014: 19002: 18990: 18984: 18008: 18004: 17958: 17431: 17258: 17253: 16808: 16404: 16362: 16221: 16179: 16025: 16013: 16001: 15995: 15863: 15735: 13154:

This law allowed only 75% of pay and allowances to the grade for those on the retired list.

13045:

Griffith, Robert (January 1, 1982). "Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Corporate Commonwealth".

11509: 6884: 6361: 5967: 4808: 4738: 4590: 4502: 4399:. Under the act, Eisenhower was entitled to a lifetime pension, state-provided staff and a 4317:

The heart attack required six weeks' hospitalization, during which time Nixon, Dulles, and

4307: 4141: 3916: 3885: 3358: 3309: 2851: 2023: 2014:, a French antifascist monarchist. Eisenhower later appointed as High Commissioner General 1679: 1612: 1600: 1479: 1443: 1167: 1112: 945: 930: 25138: 14656:

Irish, Kerry E. "Apt Pupil: Dwight Eisenhower and the 1930 Industrial Mobilization Plan",

10943:

Accinelli, Robert (1990). "Eisenhower, Congress, and the 1954–55 offshore island crisis".

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Eisenhower's stint as the president of Columbia was punctuated by his activity within the

2161:

forces in covert operations against the Germans in advance of Operation Overlord. Admiral

1842: 1381:. He graduated from West Point in the middle of the class of 1915, which became known as " 8: 25712: 25553: 25431: 25259: 24963: 24643: 23434: 23236: 23220: 22702: 22272: 21865: 21845: 21752: 21573: 20989: 20469: 20389: 19999: 19210: 18948: 17980: 17967: 17863: 17746: 17664: 17536: 17506: 17481: 17456: 17446: 17426: 17411: 17381: 17338: 17318: 17288: 17273: 17074: 16664: 16386: 16184: 15841: 15686: 15509: 15469: 15293: 15149: 15137: 14793: 14396: 14383: 12480: 10907: 10001:

Herbert H. Hyman, and Paul B. Sheatsley, "The political appeal of President Eisenhower."

9215: 7970: 6937: 6903: 6730: 6366: 6247: 6220: 5616: 5368: 4601: 4594: 4556:'s Bethlehem Chapel, where he lay in repose for 28 hours. He was then transported to the 4115: 4044: 4019:

the federal government had used federal troops in the South to enforce the Constitution.

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while paving the way for spy satellite technology to orbit over sovereign territory, but

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for continued publication of these proposed methods of tank deployment, and he relented.

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On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the

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and other weapons programs. In December 1953, Eisenhower learned that nuclear scientist

3799: 917:. Eisenhower planned and supervised two of the most consequential military campaigns of 25486: 25035: 24953: 24923: 24892: 24876: 23873: 23849: 23806: 23774: 23146: 22910: 22902: 22588: 22481: 22474: 22424: 22329: 22238: 22051: 21994: 21816: 21033: 20952: 20927: 20459: 20031: 19896: 19325: 19265: 19155: 19050: 19032: 19008: 18930: 18775: 18757: 17954: 17945: 17867: 17756: 17751: 17741: 17669: 17659: 17629: 17516: 17486: 17466: 17461: 17451: 17328: 17298: 17208: 17044: 16996: 16572: 16398: 15936: 15835: 15575: 15303: 15222: 15053: 15029: 14666: 14375: 14304: 14195: 14099: 13986: 13954: 13062: 13000: 12988: 12927: 12600: 11948: 11372: 11297: 11182: 10952: 10806: 10751: 8385: 6673: 6532: 6420: 6392: 5394: 4876: 4706: 4337: 4214: 4016: 3839: 3756: 3729: 3714: 3541:

criticized the Eisenhower's administration decision as antithetical to the free press.

3524: 3477: 3271: 3136: 2863: 2859: 2763: 2473: 2404: 2347: 1927:, to London to assess the effectiveness of the theater commander in England, Maj. Gen. 1870: 1654: 1463: 1431:

in 1916. A November wedding date in Denver was moved up to July 1 due to the impending

1428: 1390: 1280: 1068: 1028: 973: 960:, he was denied a request to serve in Europe and instead commanded a unit that trained 680: 556: 272: 158: 17798: 15117:

How We Got Here: The 70s The Decade That Brought You Modern Life – For Better Or Worse

14690:

American Warlords: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II

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Belair, Felix Jr. (April 1, 1969). "World's Leaders Join in Services for Eisenhower".

12644: 12437:

a stately old home, identified as the ancestral home of President Dwight D. Eisenhower

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in 1856. He was the third commanding general of the Army to serve as president, after

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but softened them by bringing in 400,000 tons of food for civilians and allowing more

1994: 1777:, he produced a guide to American battlefields in Europe. He then was assigned to the 25707: 25694: 25671: 25620: 25450: 25386: 25325: 25294: 25251: 25215: 25010: 24815: 24810: 24760: 24347: 24300: 24292: 24276: 24232: 24208: 24120: 24036: 24012: 23971: 23955: 23905: 23897: 23822: 23750: 23642: 23405: 23349: 23296: 23090: 23078: 22718: 22604: 22453: 22416: 22358: 22348: 22277: 22023: 21986: 21915: 21897: 21627: 21603: 21597: 21591: 21417: 21204: 21127: 21014: 20609: 20559: 20489: 20429: 20409: 20399: 20259: 20209: 20041: 19375: 19350: 19330: 19280: 19255: 19235: 19225: 19185: 19160: 19062: 18960: 18823: 18811: 18799: 18781: 18745: 18608: 18384: 18364: 18348: 18328: 18248: 18128: 18024: 17915: 17902: 17880: 17876: 17802: 17654: 17619: 17609: 17491: 17436: 17401: 17396: 17361: 17278: 17233: 17223: 17198: 17014: 16380: 16368: 16269: 16216: 16189: 16062: 15907: 15740: 15730: 15504: 15344: 15229: 15208: 15176: 15157: 15122: 15115: 15096: 15063: 15039: 15019: 15005: 14992: 14978: 14953: 14934: 14919: 14907:

Harris, Douglas B. "Dwight Eisenhower and the New Deal: The Politics of Preemption",

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The Shadow Presidents: The Secret History of the Chief Executives and Their Top Aides

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added sexuality to the criteria used to determine suitability for federal employment.

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On the Battlefield of Memory: The First World War and American Remembrance, 1919–1941

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Eisenhower was also the first outgoing president to come under the protection of the

4322: 4160: 4133: 4122: 3952: 3923:, actual implementation had been slow. Eisenhower made clear his stance in his first 3899: 3865: 3854: 3835: 3792: 3666: 3595: 3420: 3397: 3393: 3374: 3332: 3293: 3224: 3213: 2993: 2775: 2623: 2559: 2384: 2367:

General Eisenhower served as military governor of the American zone (highlighted) in

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General Eisenhower reads his order of the day for June 5, 1944, the day before D-Day.

2047: 1976: 1897:, at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. After successfully participating in the 1830: 1770: 1741: 1733: 1628: 1531: 1378: 1340: 1240: 1179: 1108: 1104: 1024: 981: 948:. Eisenhower, however, belonged to no organized church until 1952. He graduated from 736: 704: 685: 642: 479: 292: 260: 26152:

Recipients of the Grand Decoration with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria

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Hahn, Peter L. (2006). "Securing the Middle East: The Eisenhower Doctrine of 1957".

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American Airpower Comes of Age: General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold's World War II Diaries

8776: 5723: 5610: 5463: 5250: 5049: 3384:

Fear spread through the United States that the Soviet Union would invade and spread

3048: 2909:. He expanded its programs and rolled them into the new Cabinet-level agency of the 25815: 25744: 25676: 25612: 25267: 25228: 25200: 25079: 24968: 24858: 24765: 24750: 24732: 24727: 24284: 24224: 24152: 23963: 23939: 23935: 23552: 23357: 23341: 23325: 23317: 23199: 22982: 22974: 22652: 22519: 21936: 21835: 21609: 21392: 21152: 21146: 21077: 20933: 20449: 20439: 20419: 20379: 20329: 20279: 20229: 19404: 19399: 19310: 19230: 19205: 19195: 19068: 18978: 18841: 18817: 18769: 18733: 18048: 17984: 17971: 17941: 17928: 17850: 17837: 17594: 17541: 17416: 17406: 17376: 17313: 17268: 17263: 17183: 17153: 17084: 17034: 16596: 16356: 16344: 16332: 16295: 16241: 15983: 15353: 15219:

My Three Years With Eisenhower The Personal Diary of Captain Harry C. Butcher, USNR

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Eisenhower's Heart Attack: How Ike Beat Heart Disease and Held on to the Presidency

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Campbell, Angus; Converse, Philip L.; Miller, Warren E.; Stokes, Donald E. (1960).

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in 1956, believing that citizen interaction would promote cultural interaction and

4365: 4125:, which would curtail international agreements by the Chief Executive, such as the 4071: 4008: 3959: 3646: 3556: 3516: 3405: 3370: 3366: 3289: 3197: 3148: 2989: 2867: 2782:, and the last not to have held political office prior to becoming president until 2779: 2708: 2675: 2534: 2448: 2392: 2376: 2343: 2324: 2222: 2078: 2063: 2035: 1972: 1913: 1909: 1854: 1819: 1798: 1759: 1729: 1710: 1569: 1511: 1475: 1471: 1394: 1285: 1191: 1159: 1147: 953: 849: 431: 337: 31: 24775: 20160: 14246: 13934: 12449:

Historical Society of Palm Desert; Rover, Hal; Kousken, Kim; Romer, Brett (2009).

8489: 6027: 5787: 5037: 4352:, and one or two gins on the rocks ... three or four wines with the dinner". 25851: 25636: 25600: 25567: 25494: 25426: 25338: 25333: 25320: 25315: 25282: 25188: 25148: 24958: 24833: 24737: 24588: 24512: 24436: 24252: 24132: 24124: 24090: 23996: 23988: 23975: 23865: 23814: 23798: 23790: 23722: 23690: 23650: 23397: 23244: 23098: 22958: 22918: 22854: 22822: 22774: 22726: 22395: 21850: 21747: 21621: 21585: 21411: 21273: 21158: 20983: 20549: 20529: 20499: 20359: 20339: 19483: 19414: 19335: 19275: 19170: 19165: 19150: 19145: 19130: 18972: 18954: 18942: 18936: 18895: 18847: 18793: 18244: 18164: 18148: 18144: 18124: 18044: 18028: 17889: 17841: 17824: 17815: 17811: 17604: 17589: 17551: 17531: 17511: 17386: 17366: 17283: 17238: 17228: 17178: 17173: 17104: 17094: 17049: 16903: 16794: 16757: 16740: 16698: 16683: 16649: 16608: 16554: 16476: 16469: 16350: 16338: 16311: 16274: 16236: 16147: 15757: 15752: 15474: 14890: 14789: 14736: 14732: 14688: 14637: 14606: 14549: 14423: 14344: 14079: 13082: 13025: 12023: 11098: 9568: 9424:

Mission on the Rhine: Reeducation and Denazification in American-Occupied Germany

8848: 8710: 8066: 7811: 7767: 7722: 7459: 7200: 6845: 6504: 5907: 5548: 5150: 5021: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4785: 4755: 4710: 4632: 4616: 4565: 4529: 4428: 4341: 4145: 4126: 3853:, but were forced to admit the mission's true purpose a few days later after the 3658: 3568: 3339:

Eisenhower and the CIA had known since at least January 1957, nine months before

3193: 3160: 2981: 2973: 2751: 2599: 2578:, a study group he led concerning the political and military implications of the 2564: 2492: 2452: 2396: 2249: 2237: 2145: 1928: 1920: 1823: 1737: 1714: 1608: 1607:, he immediately requested an overseas assignment but was denied and assigned to 1560: 1535: 1455: 1438:

The Eisenhowers had two sons. In late 1917 while he was in charge of training at

1386: 1269: 1244: 1194:

and government contracts to private military manufacturers, which he dubbed "the

1131: 1060: 1056: 1036: 941: 922: 779: 719: 661: 630: 466: 461: 223: 180: 119: 107: 23959: 19454: 11476:

A Matter of Justice: Eisenhower and the Beginning of the Civil Rights Revolution

9013: 7883: 7359: 5693: 4121:

In early 1954, the Old Guard put forward a constitutional amendment, called the

3641: 2913:, while extending benefits to an additional ten million workers. He implemented 2085:, had fallen in Italy, the Allies switched their attention to the mainland with 1997:

as High Commissioner in North Africa, despite Darlan's previous high offices in

1067:

as the legitimate government of China, and he won congressional approval of the

30:"Dwight David Eisenhower" and "Eisenhower" redirect here. For his grandson, see 25702: 25689: 25592: 25299: 25272: 25205: 25166: 25144: 25140: 24979: 24928: 24902: 24615: 24578: 24488: 24453: 24399: 24334: 24330: 24268: 24164: 24148: 24049: 23881: 23726: 23714: 23706: 23666: 23560: 23479: 23130: 23086: 22950: 22886: 22830: 22676: 22267: 22262: 22257: 22246: 21944: 21907: 21860: 21855: 21762: 21757: 21386: 21367: 21342: 21254: 21198: 21096: 21058: 20629: 20509: 20479: 20369: 20349: 20319: 20269: 20094: 20089: 19926: 19478: 19473: 19468: 19320: 19270: 19098: 19080: 19038: 18835: 18829: 18787: 18444: 18424: 18088: 18084: 18068: 18064: 17906: 17828: 17649: 17644: 17634: 17614: 17599: 17421: 17323: 17099: 17069: 17054: 16780: 16772: 16392: 15769: 15340: 15315: 14764: 14629: 13786: 13172: 12711: 12621:. Presidential Libraries System, National Archives and Records Administration. 10869: 10852: 10659:

W. D. Kay, Defining NASA The Historical Debate Over the Agency's Mission, 2005.

7849: 6819: 6335: 6116: 5922: 5503: 4967: 4850: 4797: 4767: 4766: – an idea he borrowed from the United States Army. Every president after 4578: 4364:. After Eisenhower's death in 1969, an autopsy revealed an undiagnosed adrenal 4226: 4031: 3636: 3507:, Eisenhower threatened to use nuclear weapons against PRC military targets in 3256: 3087: 2855: 2771: 2756: 2713: 2679: 2554: 2468: 2416: 2316: 2162: 1890: 1838: 1573: 1332: 1293: 1048: 1040: 1008: 937: 910: 690: 370: 25982:

Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy alumni

22126: 21674: 13790: 12189: 12163: 12132: 12105: 12074: 11459: 10794: 10517: 6087: 5757: 5742: 4089:(AEC) into McCarthy's witchhunt, which might interfere with the AEC's work on 3131: 2498: 1869:

Eisenhower returned to the United States in December 1939 and was assigned as

1075:. After the French left, he gave strong financial support to the new state of 25885: 25827: 25511: 25458: 25376: 25352: 25347: 25223: 25087: 25074: 25040: 25025: 24897: 24780: 24770: 24627: 24562: 24553: 24432: 24418: 24355: 24338: 24326: 24260: 24244: 24240: 24216: 24200: 24094: 24082: 23967: 23947: 23943: 23923: 23766: 23742: 23658: 23535: 23499: 23413: 23389: 23381: 23207: 23175: 23159: 23122: 22998: 22838: 22782: 22758: 22750: 22694: 22668: 22660: 22445: 22282: 22188: 22015: 21840: 21824: 21736: 21615: 21549: 21361: 21210: 21052: 20899: 20599: 20569: 20309: 20239: 20099: 19424: 19365: 19250: 19074: 18805: 18344: 18324: 18284: 18264: 18224: 18208: 18188: 17932: 17919: 17893: 17496: 17471: 17391: 17308: 17303: 17293: 17248: 17243: 17188: 17168: 17148: 17079: 17039: 17029: 16951: 16935: 16725: 16455: 15902: 15720: 14756: 14708: 12996: 12923: 10802: 10747: 10724:"Beyond Brinkmanship: Eisenhower, Nuclear War Fighting, and Korea, 1953–1968" 8570: 8166: 8100: 8034: 7245: 6130: 5242: 4994: 4971: 4923: 4813: 4681:

unprecedented use of Army troops to enforce a federal desegregation order at

4623:

in 1865, a funeral train would not be part of a US state funeral again until

4612: 4569: 4552:

in Washington, D.C., at age 78. The following day, his body was moved to the

4513: 4478: 4349: 4332:

As a consequence of his heart attack Eisenhower developed a left ventricular

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Super Bomb: Organizational Conflict and the Development of the Hydrogen Bomb

14191:

Remarks at Washington College on Receiving an Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree

13847: 12477:"Inventory of the San Antonio Express-News Photograph Collection, 1960-1969" 11362:

State of the Union Address, February 2, 1953, Public Papers, 1953 pp. 30–31.

5674: 5625: 5264: 4685:

in Little Rock, Eisenhower was criticized for his reluctance to support the

1724:

From 1920, Eisenhower served under a succession of talented generals –

25863: 25803: 25791: 25538: 25241: 25210: 25097: 24655: 24570: 24549: 24536: 24528: 24504: 24496: 24379: 24371: 24316: 24184: 24128: 24074: 24053: 24028: 23857: 23734: 23674: 23593: 23523: 23515: 23475: 23467: 23442: 23114: 22878: 22612: 21483: 21298: 21192: 20649: 20639: 20619: 20589: 20249: 19444: 19439: 19360: 19340: 19295: 19245: 19215: 19180: 19104: 19086: 18871: 18859: 18751: 18739: 18727: 18544: 18524: 18504: 17854: 17639: 17546: 17521: 17371: 17343: 17218: 17158: 17143: 17024: 16625: 16502: 16450: 15806: 14724: 13019:"He Made It Look Easy: 'Eisenhower in War and Peace', by Jean Edward Smith" 12385: 11186: 10712:

Greg Ward, "A Rough Guide History of the USA" (Penguin Group: London, 2003)

6873: 6786: 5595: 5557: 5300: 5062: 5054: 4897: 4665: 4098: 3996: 3858: 3827: 3812: 3804: 3775: 3686: 3473: 3362: 3327: 3297: 3209: 3189: 2878: 2847: 2783: 2436: 2427:

In November 1945, Eisenhower returned to Washington to replace Marshall as

2241: 2027: 2015: 1998: 1886: 1706: 1522: 1470:

from 1969 to 1971. He married Barbara Jean Thompson and had four children:

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Apocalypse Management: Eisenhower and the Discourse of National Insecurity

14492: 12233: 10628: 10271:

Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower

10244:

Going Home To Glory: A Memoir of Life with Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1961–1969

6179: 4277:

says the true story was more complex. At first, he removed cigarettes and

3868:, around two weeks before the scheduled opening of an east–west summit in 2661: 2363: 25739: 25663: 25381: 25364: 24785: 24600: 24592: 24192: 24156: 24140: 24102: 23581: 23495: 23463: 23426: 23183: 23106: 22942: 22806: 22798: 22790: 22628: 22620: 22580: 22337: 21767: 20863: 20579: 19463: 19458: 19449: 19434: 19409: 19395: 19260: 19056: 18966: 18865: 18763: 18484: 18468: 18464: 18448: 18428: 18304: 18288: 18268: 18168: 17333: 17203: 15776: 15318:

and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the

14819: 13539: 11004: 8463:"Manuel L. Quezon: 15 Mesmerizing Facts About Philippines' 2nd President" 7004:(Discharged as major and appointed as captain due to reduction of Army.) 6136: 5144: 4990: 4963: 4959: 4864: 4702: 4448: 4357: 4311: 4274: 4270: 4198: 4137: 3903: 3888:

issued a formal apology to the Soviet Union for its role in the mission.

3764: 3725: 3682: 3674: 3279: 2740: 2456: 2432: 2338:, Eisenhower anticipated that, in the future, attempts to recharacterize 2070: 1858: 1802: 1604: 1515: 1424: 1398: 1228:

in 1741. Accounts vary as to how and when the German name Eisenhauer was

1135: 1092: 1032: 957: 25846: 13004: 12972: 12900:"Eisenhower and Third World Nationalism: A Critique of the Revisionists" 11100:

Trapped by Success: The Eisenhower Administration and Vietnam, 1953–1961

10956: 10755: 10723: 7677:... Ike spent his weekends at Davis's camp on the Smoky Hill River. 3778:

by building regional alliances against it. Critics sometimes called it "

2716:

reputation, as well as youth to counter Eisenhower's more advanced age.

2291:

In December 1944, the Germans launched a surprise counteroffensive, the

944:. His family had a strong religious background, and his mother became a 897:, was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th 25987:

Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy

25839: 25533: 25408: 25398: 25183: 25092: 24838: 24647: 24467: 24391: 24308: 24136: 24057: 23830: 23543: 23507: 23487: 23333: 23276: 23191: 23138: 22934: 22894: 22870: 22742: 22685: 20299: 20219: 19385: 19355: 19315: 19200: 18889: 18883: 18853: 18528: 18508: 18388: 18368: 18108: 18104: 17501: 17019: 16426: 15691: 15367: 15110: 14923: 14864: 14738:

Eisenhower's Lieutenants: the Campaign of France and Germany, 1944–1945

13066: 12931: 12899: 12688:

Grose, Peter (March 31, 1969). "Nixon will Meet with De Gaulle Today".

10006: 8283:. Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, and Boyhood Home. 7287:

For the 1946 United Nations condemnation of the Francoist regime, see "

5057:

granted to Eisenhower upon his incorporation as a knight of the Danish

4938:

Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy

4734: 4698: 4326: 3873: 3779: 3476:, and also within Eisenhower's party, has been described by biographer 3322: 3275: 3220: 3059: 2800: 2719: 2704: 2546: 2339: 2018:, who had been installed by the Allies as Darlan's commander-in-chief. 1725: 1702: 1544: 1483: 1359: 1221: 1171: 1150:. His administration undertook the development and construction of the 1044: 949: 750: 16851: 15358: 15078:

Diplomacy at the Brink: Eisenhower, Churchill and Eden in the Cold War

15035:

Eisenhower Decides to Run: Presidential Politics and Cold War Strategy

13583:"6 Army bases named after Confederate leaders get dates for new names" 11169:"Resolution 39 (I) of the UN General Assembly on the Spanish question" 8297:

Ike re-named it 'Camp David' in honor of his grandson David Eisenhower

5542: 4871:, which sends American youth on educational trips to other countries. 4720:

has summarized a more recent turnaround in evaluations by historians:

2511: 2503: 25576: 25476: 25440: 24795: 24635: 24623: 24383: 23288: 23280: 23272: 23264: 22862: 22766: 22387: 21965: 21323: 21304: 20659: 19092: 18488: 18408: 16041: 15278: 14380:

Eisenhower: Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect (1893–1952)

6265: 6160: 6145: 5436: 4901:

The Eisenhower dollar was the official dollar coin from 1971 to 1978.

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of France, who was in the United States for the first time since the

4493: 4470: 4416: 4361: 3891: 3385: 3340: 3301: 3112: 3104: 2814: 2335: 1980: 1556: 1427:. They were immediately taken with each other. He proposed to her on 1409:, and was an honorary member of the Sigma Beta Chi fraternity there. 1301: 1259: 1162:

and the establishment of a stronger, science-based education via the

25834: 15283: 15093:

Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years

13096:

Morgenthau, Hans J.: "Goldwater – The Romantic Regression", in

13058: 12915: 12016: 4372:

adrenalin-secreting tumor that may have made him more vulnerable to

3587:

Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the

3139:

during Nasser's visit to United Nations in New York, September 1960.

2641:

the American and Canadian commitments ending after about ten years.

1103:. Near the end of his term, a summit meeting with the Soviet leader 25403: 24698: 24445: 24363: 24045: 23056: 22814: 21555: 20149: 19370: 18877: 18548: 18404: 18308: 17687: 15288: 12403:

From this farm the family migrated to Kansas in the summer of 1878.

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Ike's Bluff: President Eisenhower's Secret Battle to Save the World

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obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the

3986: 3881: 3771: 3717:. This resulted in increased strategic control over Iranian oil by 3559:

against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the

3305: 3185: 3120: 3076: 2902: 2822: 2810: 2412: 2304: 2132: 1993:

and intending to facilitate that objective, he gave his support to

1693:, a rank he held for 16 years. The major was assigned in 1919 to a 1616: 1596: 1497: 1123: 14878:

The President and the Apprentice: Eisenhower and Nixon, 1952–1961.

14135:"Honorary Degrees Conferred by The Catholic University of America" 13470:"Gilbane to manage design and construction of Eisenhower Memorial" 10679:

Eisenhower's Sputnik Moment: The Race for Space and World Prestige

9676:

1948: Harry Truman's Victory and the Year That Transformed America

7364:

Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home

7172: 7157: 7110: 4577:

and 191 foreign delegates from 78 countries, including 10 foreign

2100: 1789:, from 1929 to February 1933. Major Eisenhower graduated from the 1505:

Eisenhower was a golf enthusiast later in life, and he joined the

396:

Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home

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Waging Peace: How Eisenhower Shaped an Enduring Cold War Strategy

12541: 9460:

GIs and Germans: Culture, Gender and Foreign Relations, 1945–1949

8251:"John S.D. Eisenhower dies; historian and president's son was 91" 7142: 7127: 7093: 7076: 7059: 7040: 7025: 7010: 6993: 6978: 6961: 6946: 6927: 6912: 6897: 6279: 6251: 6229: 4705:. In particular, Eisenhower was criticized for failing to defend 4574: 4278: 3940: 3894:

and sentenced to three years of imprisonment plus seven years of

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Before his inauguration, Eisenhower led a meeting of advisors at

2257: 1466:, retired as a brigadier general, became an author and served as 1155: 14078:

Office of the Secretary and Vice President for University Life,

13185:

The retirement provisions were also applied to the World War II

12301:

Nixon, Richard, The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, 1978, pp. 222–223.

11650:

Sears, Brad; Hunter, Nan D.; Mallory, Christy (September 2009).

11577:

Sears, Brad; Hunter, Nan D.; Mallory, Christy (September 2009).

10240: 7397:. The Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from 5424: 4376:. Eisenhower had seven heart attacks from 1955 until his death. 3468:

In July 1953, an armistice took effect with Korea divided along

2334:

throughout Europe. As the allies learned the full extend of the

2299:

to engage. German defenses continued to deteriorate on both the

15362: 15328: 13137: 12537:"When an ex-president helped an 'extreme' Republican candidate" 11411:

Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy

10629:"The Birth of the Internet | the Engines of Our Ingenuity" 5006:

Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th century

4989:

in Washington, D.C. In 2009 the commission chose the architect

4927: 4369: 4286:

sat down, "I do not have to do what that poor fellow is doing."

4250: 4015:, an all-white public school, marking the first time since the 3650: 3576: 3508: 3485: 3264: 2440: 2312: 2212:

Eisenhower with Allied commanders following the signing of the

1769:

directed by General Pershing, and with the help of his brother

1762:, Kansas, where he graduated first in a class of 245 officers. 1750: 1459: 1064: 26017:

Grand Crosses of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin

12744:"Bushes depart on first presidential funeral train since 1969" 10906:. New Approaches to International History series. London, UK: 10241:

Eisenhower, David; Julie Nixon Eisenhower (October 11, 2011).

9085:

Huston, John W. (2002). Maj. Gen. John W. Huston, USAF (ed.).

8414:

Rhodes Scholars, Oxford, and the Creation of an American Elite

7932: 7269:

List of presidents of the United States by previous experience

4780:

On December 20, 1944, Eisenhower was appointed to the rank of

4642:

President Richard Nixon eulogized Eisenhower in 1969, saying:

3424:

billion in a race to the moon for national prestige is nuts."

3192:

and its satellites. The United States built up a stockpile of

3067:

Eisenhower championed and signed the bill that authorized the

2476:

that if desired, the president would help the general win the

2391:, he ordered camera crews to document evidence for use in the 1423:

While Eisenhower was stationed in Texas, he met Mamie Doud of

873: 861: 25997:

Graduates of the United States Military Academy Class of 1915

15782: 13552:"Plans are coming together for Fort Gordon renaming ceremony" 8675:. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. Archived from 4951:, minted from 1971 to 1978. His centenary was honored on the 4516:, the unsuccessful Republican candidate against the Democrat 3869: 3588: 3567:

to Vietnam to assess the French forces there. Chief of Staff

2866:

with whom he developed his closest relationships, as well as

2203: 1740:. He first became executive officer to General Conner in the 1051:

if an armistice was not reached quickly. China did agree and

867: 16813: 14573:

The Victors: Eisenhower and His Boys the Men of World War II

10110: 7902: 7884:"President Dwight D. Eisenhower Baseball Related Quotations" 3872:, France. Khrushchev and Eisenhower had met face-to-face at 3732:. Simultaneously he condemned the brutal Soviet invasion of 26227:

United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni

26182:

Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 1st class

25278:

Unknown Soldiers for World War II and the Korean War (1958)

24463: 15799: 12234:"President Dwight Eisenhower: Health & Medical History" 5862: 5850: 5801: 4733:

President John F. Kennedy meets with General Eisenhower at

4544:

At 12:25 p.m. on March 28, 1969, Eisenhower died from

4039: 4030:

Eisenhower's administration contributed to the McCarthyist

3880:

had raised hopes globally for a peaceful resolution to the

3861:

equipment, including photographs of Soviet military bases.

3850: 3378: 2499:

President at Columbia University and NATO Supreme Commander

2191: 2082: 1901:, he was promoted to brigadier general on October 3, 1941. 1889:. In June 1941, he was appointed chief of staff to General 1272:. All of the boys were nicknamed "Ike", such as "Big Ike" ( 1146:

and sent Army troops to enforce federal court orders which

1099:

but took no action. He deployed 15,000 soldiers during the

1012: 961: 855: 25967:

Candidates in the 1956 United States presidential election

25962:

Candidates in the 1952 United States presidential election

22305: 21883: 15438:

Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force

10822: 10820: 4611:

That evening, Eisenhower's body was placed onto a special

3898:; he was released two years later, in February 1962, in a 3159:

Eisenhower visits the Republic of China and its President

3143: 2507:

Eisenhower lighting the Columbia University Yule Log, 1949

2359:

Military Governor of the American-occupied zone of Germany

2123:

Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force

1685:

After the war, Eisenhower reverted to his regular rank of

1158:, Eisenhower led the American response which included the 26302:

Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Ethiopia

21291:

Administrator of the Federal Civil Defense Administration

15765:

Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954

13377:"Architect Gehry Gets Design Gig For Eisenhower Memorial" 11624:. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 11547:. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 10234: 9474:

with Rhodes citing a 1963 profile called "Ike on Ike, in

3661:

and the United States, was a significant effort to break

3219:

As he promised, Eisenhower quickly ended the fighting in

3170:

Foreign policy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration

2917:

in two years, which had not been completed under Truman.

2288:, his Russian counterpart, and they became good friends. 2199:

blame or fault attaches to the attempt, it is mine alone.

2121:

and the following month was officially designated as the

1979:. Eisenhower was the first non-British person to command 1186:, he expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive 21316:

Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization

11269:

Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.–Israeli Relations, 1953–1960

10882: 10880: 10210:

Black, Allida; Hopkins, June; et al., eds. (2003).

8713:

Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia.

7971:"Roller-coaster life of Indian icon, sports' first star" 7488: 7486: 7300:

Redesignation to Fort Eisenhower was on 27 October 2023.

4427:

Eisenhower sharing a light moment with President-elect

1919:

At the end of May 1942, Eisenhower accompanied Lt. Gen.

1510:

became close friends with the Augusta National Chairman

26142:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

13651:"Awards & Medals | Eisenhower Presidential Library" 13490:"President Eisenhower named to World Golf Hall of Fame" 11917:"Personal and confidential To Milton Stover Eisenhower" 11889:"U.S. Senate: Vetoes by President Dwight D. Eisenhower" 11874:

Joseph W. Martin as told to Donavan, Robert J. (1960),

11340:

Internationalism and the State in the Twentieth Century

10817: 8932:"Dwight D. Eisenhower Pre-Presidential Papers, 1916–52" 4974: – released tribute albums in Eisenhower's honor. 4940:

is a senior war college of the Department of Defense's

4310:, his personal physician, misdiagnosed the symptoms as 3876:

in Maryland in September 1959, and the seeming thaw in

3555:

Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in

3427: 3247:, and directed economic and military aid and advice to 2980:

on 8 December 1953, advocating for constructive use of

2712:

in part for that purpose. Nixon also provided a strong

2311:

with the Western Allies. The British wanted to capture

1501:

Mamie Eisenhower, painted in 1953 by Thomas E. Stephens

1003:

In 1952, Eisenhower entered the presidential race as a

26192:

Republican Party (United States) presidential nominees

14639:

Dear General: Eisenhower's Wartime Letters to Marshall

13533: 12742:

Weissert, Will; Phillip, David J. (December 6, 2018).

11181:

Eisenhower gave verbal approval to Secretary of State

9961:"When New President Meets Old, It's Not Always Pretty" 7627:, Garden City, New York, Doubleday & Company, Inc. 7294: 7259:

Historical rankings of presidents of the United States

7203:, a speech to the UN General Assembly in December 1953 4431:

during their meeting in the Oval Office at White House

3692: 3239:. The administration did not approve the partition of 2626:, the institute began in 1951 and became a pioneer in 2487:

to elect delegates supporting him for the forthcoming

2330:

Throughout 1945, the allied armies liberated numerous

2327:, and the Germans finally surrendered on May 7, 1945. 1849:. Also around this time, he was offered a post by the 1595:

Eisenhower served initially in logistics and then the

1405:; he later became the coach at St. Louis College, now 1007:

to block the isolationist foreign policies of Senator

26032:

Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath

25775: 21635:* indicates acting or interim president or chancellor 21463: 16994: 15881:

Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954

14044:"Chronological Listing of Honorary Degree Recipients" 13676:"USA and Foreign Decorations of Dwight D. Eisenhower" 13326:"Record Companies Run With Eisenhower Tribute Albums" 11279: 11277: 11127:. Swarthmore College Peace Collection. Archived from 11055: 11053: 10877: 8937:. Eisenhower Presidential Library. 1997. p. 74. 7483: 5901:, Knight Grand Cross (Netherlands) – October 6, 1945 4163:, with 181 vetoes of which only two were overridden. 4038:

in 1953. During Eisenhower's presidency thousands of

3995:

decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor

3657:

The Pact of Madrid, signed on September 23, 1953, by

882: 858: 26132:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)

22549: 15255:

21-volume scholarly edition; complete for 1940–1961.

13540:(27 Oct 2023) Fort Eisenhower redesignation ceremony 10297:"An inside look at Eisenhower's civil rights record" 8347:"New Exhibit Offers a Look at Eisenhower the Artist" 4615:

for its journey from the capital to his hometown of

4528:, in San Francisco, and appeared with party nominee 3846:. Powers parachuted to the ground and was captured. 2001:

and his continued role as commander-in-chief of the

20190: 14448:

Dwight D. Eisenhower, Soldier, President, Statesman

12837:

Presidents and Civil Liberties from Wilson to Obama

12774:"1969 Year in Review: Eisenhower, Judy Garland die" 12037:

Ill-Advised: Presidential Health & Public Trust

11397:

Byrnes to DDE, August 27, 1953, Eisenhower Library"

10904:

The Fear of Chinese Power: an International History

8601: 5020:. On 27 October 2023, Fort Gordon was redesignated 4713:, though he privately deplored McCarthy's tactics. 4597:of Belgium and Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran. 3857:produced the captured pilot and parts of the U-2's 1967:(NATOUSA) through the new operational Headquarters 1091:orchestrated by his own administration. During the 907:

Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force

864: 852: 27:

World War II general, U.S. president (1953 to 1961)

26172:Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil) 26167:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal 26137:Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945 26047:Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of Savoy 26007:Grand Crosses of the Order of George I with Swords 16143:Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite 15956:President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports 15520:Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany 15198:The Churchill–Eisenhower Correspondence, 1953–1955 15114: 14797: 14665: 14570: 14300:"Eisenhower Given Honorary Degree at Bard College" 13736: 12319:. USA Presidents. January 17, 1961. Archived from 11947: 11649: 11576: 11274: 11050: 9827: 9825: 8852: 8697:American President: An Online Reference Resource, 8636:. Conshohocken, PA Combined Publishing. p. 6. 8436: 8204:The Pennsylvania Relations of Dwight D. Eisenhower 8201: 3842:(present-day Yekaterinburg), after being hit by a 3630: 3216:the Kremlin canceled a scheduled summit in Paris. 2407:. Eisenhower followed the orders laid down by the 2240:'s attack being made in the north, while Generals 1908:, Eisenhower was assigned to the General Staff in 1115:, which was left to John F. Kennedy to carry out. 26162:Recipients of the National Order of Merit (Malta) 25519: 16587:Governor of the American Zone of Occupied Germany 15848:U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 12973:"Eisenhower Revisionism: A Decade of Scholarship" 12381:"Tiny Pennsylvania Town An Escape From Modernity" 12351:John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum 10368: 9317: 8249:Weil, Martin; Langer, Emily (December 21, 2013). 7426: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7416: 4784:, placing him in the company of George Marshall, 3352:was officially modest until the Soviet launch of 2353: 2062:from the east and was ready for the start of the 1942: 1638:. He commanded a unit that trained tank crews at 26197:Republican Party presidents of the United States 25883: 25009: 15972:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division 14895:The Hidden-Hand Presidency: Eisenhower as Leader 13242:. People to People International. Archived from 10294: 10035:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 121. 9658: 9656: 8980: 8753:. Army Historical Foundation. January 22, 2015. 7430: 6876:, United States Military Academy: June 14, 1911 2644: 1959:In November 1942, Eisenhower was also appointed 1853:Government, namely by then Philippine President 1809: 1118:On the domestic front, Eisenhower governed as a 893:; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969), nicknamed 26012:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta 23058:National Football Foundation Gold Medal winners 15990:Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act 15014:Pach, Chester J., and Richardson, Elmo (1991). 13274:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 12750:. Sightline Media Group. The Associated Press. 12741: 12707:"For A Modest Man: A Simple Funeral Honors Ike" 12311: 12309: 12307: 11923:. Eisenhower Memorial. doc. 460. Archived from 11572: 11570: 10567: 10565: 10212:"Teaching Eleanor Roosevelt: Dwight Eisenhower" 9822: 9531: 9084: 8405: 8381:"Angels in the Outfield (1951): Review Summary" 8344: 8024: 8022: 7166:, Army of the United States: December 20, 1944 7068:, Army of the United States: September 29, 1941 4997:on Maryland Avenue, across the street from the 4443:Eisenhower's farewell address, January 17, 1961 4237: 4136:(later US president) in the Senate and Speaker 3890:Following his capture, Powers was convicted of 3515:. He authorized a series of bomb tests labeled 3348:Eisenhower's support of the nation's fledgling 2841:Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency 2280:, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery and General 2101:Supreme Allied commander and Operation Overlord 2073:forces in North Africa, Eisenhower oversaw the 1709:was strengthened by a close collaboration with 1660: 1547:, loaded with paint, has been driven over it". 1358:in 1912, when he tried to tackle the legendary 1111:over the Soviet Union. Eisenhower approved the 26207:Members of the Sons of the American Revolution 21266:Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization 15170: 13574: 11811: 11775: 11739: 11499:to DDE, September 25, 1957, Eisenhower Library 9816: 9725: 9723: 9686: 9684: 8915: 8779:. U.S. Army Center of Military History. 1990. 8490:"D-Day Memories of the Bridge Player in Chief" 8338: 7457: 7413: 7119:, Army of the United States: February 11, 1943 5239:European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal 4737:, April 22, 1961, three days after the failed 4465: 3673:regime sympathetic to the cause of the former 3511:. These threats prompted Mao Zedong to launch 3071:in 1956. He justified the project through the 2755:allusion to gay government employees who were 1935:(ETOUSA), based in London and with a house on 980:. After the war ended in Europe, he served as 26177:Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 1st class 25937:American people of Pennsylvania Dutch descent 25124: 24995: 24684: 23609: 23042: 22535: 22112: 21660: 21449: 20849: 20176: 17703: 16980: 16837: 16232:Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol) 16170:Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport 16087:Republican Party presidential primaries (1948 15383: 15247:The White House Years: Waging Peace 1956–1961 15205:The Eden–Eisenhower correspondence, 1955–1957 14975:Dwight D. Eisenhower: Strategic Communicator. 14843:The Declassified Eisenhower: A Divided Legacy 14788: 14115:"President Eisenhower's Commencement Address" 13789:. 1945. Event occurs at 1:18. Archived from 13520:National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum 13433:"Dedication Of Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial" 13040: 13038: 12938: 12840:. Cambridge University Press. pp. i–ii. 12613: 12611: 12479:. University of Texas Library. Archived from 11373:"Eisenhower Press Conference, March 19, 1953" 9954: 9952: 9950: 9948: 9653: 9527: 9525: 8966:Komons, Nick (August 1989). "unknown title". 8751:"General of the Army Dwight David Eisenhower" 8430: 8160: 8028: 7968: 5018:National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum 4773:As president, Eisenhower also initiated the " 4631:in Abilene. As requested, he was buried in a 4178:Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Court candidates 4059:Official White House portrait of Eisenhower, 3075:as essential to American security during the 2462: 1525:while at Columbia University, after watching 1263:The Eisenhower family home in Abilene, Kansas 244:November 19, 1945 – February 6, 1948 26292:United States Army Infantry Branch personnel 26147:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Star 26022:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion 25912:20th-century presidents of the United States 23623: 17569:Commanders of United States European Command 16507: 12792: 12512:. Museum of the Moving Image. Archived from 12304: 12277:National Archives and Records Administration 11567: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10562: 10209: 9643:, Doubleday; 1st edition (1948), 559 pages, 9554: 9312:Lend me your ears: great speeches in history 8894:, April 2010, Vol. 74, Issue 2, pp. 439–473. 8326: 8019: 7836: 7834: 6204:The Royal Yugoslav Commemorative War Cross ( 5931:, First Class (Pakistan) – December 7, 1957 5366: 5337:Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash 4796:, and the only five men to hold the rank of 3388:, so Eisenhower wanted to not only create a 3006: 2674:and declared himself to be a Republican. A " 2533:, Eisenhower presents an honorary degree to 2058:Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Eighth Army had 1961:Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force 1031:. Eisenhower's main goals in office were to 83:January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 26242:United States Army personnel of World War I 26232:United States Army generals of World War II 26127:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) 21139:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare 19962:National Republican Congressional Committee 16251: 15950:People to People Student Ambassador Program 15726:Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization 13632:. American Heraldry Society. Archived from 13368: 13352:"Frank Gehry to design Eisenhower Memorial" 12668: 12666: 12228: 12226: 12224: 11735: 11733: 10117:. University of Chicago Press. p. 56. 9720: 9681: 9486: 9484: 7241:People to People Student Ambassador Program 7085:, Army of the United States: March 27, 1942 4958:In 1969 four major record companies – 4281:, but that did not work. He told a friend: 3728:, receiving praise from Egyptian president 3255:as an alliance of anti-Communist states in 2911:Department of Health, Education and Welfare 1864: 1254: 1148:integrated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas 870: 787: 25972:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 25343:Unknown Soldier for the Vietnam War (1984) 25131: 25117: 25002: 24988: 24691: 24677: 23616: 23602: 23049: 23035: 22542: 22528: 22119: 22105: 21667: 21653: 21456: 21442: 20856: 20842: 20818: 20183: 20169: 20052:High School Republican National Federation 17710: 17696: 16987: 16973: 16844: 16830: 15390: 15376: 15279:Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum 15236: 15059:Dwight David Eisenhower and American Power 14422: 14184: 13711:. Austrian Parliament. 2012. p. 194. 13035: 12608: 12569:"Inauguration Is a Day For Rejoicing: Ike" 12534: 11914: 11870: 11868: 11421: 10472: 10267: 9945: 9812: 9810: 9522: 8954:references to Eisenhower's pilot's license 8847: 8807: 8248: 8219: 8215: 8213: 8130:Weingroff, Richard F. (March–April 2003). 7586: 7565:, biography on World War II graves website 7516: 7197:", phrase by Eisenhower, 1952, on religion 4749:Although he sought to slow or contain the 4604:"The Palms", and the playing of the hymn " 4534:the day Nixon was inaugurated as President 4256:Hawaii – August 21, 1959 (50th state) 4182:Dwight D. Eisenhower judicial appointments 4050: 3470:approximately the same boundary as in 1950 3251:. Washington led the establishment of the 2727:Eisenhower insisted on campaigning in the 2567:calls "a ruling without precedent" by the 2403:(DEFs), who were no longer subject to the 2204:Liberation of France and victory in Europe 2142:101st "Screaming Eagles" Airborne Division 1611:. In February 1918, he was transferred to 1584: 53: 16854:St. Mary's Rattlers head football coaches 16112:United States Presidential election (1952 15171:Young, Ken; Schilling, Warner R. (2019). 14660:70.1 (2006) 31–61 online in Project Muse. 13801:– via Associated Press and YouTube. 13265: 13263: 13261: 13130: 12947:"Dwight D. Eisenhower: Impact and Legacy" 12073:Johnston, Richard J. H. (June 13, 1956). 11915:Eisenhower, Dwight D. (October 9, 1953). 11059:Dunnigan, James and Nofi, Albert (1999), 10963: 10942: 10868: 10061: 9413:, Winter 1999, Vol. 23, Issue 1, pp. 1–19 9207: 9115: 9109: 8777:"Dwight David Eisenhower, The Centennial" 8129: 7831: 7102:, Army of the United States: July 7, 1942 6223:honor from several locations, including: 5032: 4893:List of memorials to Dwight D. Eisenhower 4886: 4701:, and for his failure to publicly oppose 2828: 2762:Eisenhower defeated Democratic candidate 1969:Allied (Expeditionary) Force Headquarters 1665: 1577:of gloating when he wins." Bridge expert 26287:Coaches of American football from Kansas 26282:Players of American football from Kansas 24552:/ Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / 22133:1956 United States presidential election 21681:1952 United States presidential election 20145:Timeline of modern American conservatism 19977:Republican Attorneys General Association 19972:National Republican Senatorial Committee 16814:Articles related to Dwight D. Eisenhower 16616:Chief of Staff of the United States Army 16207:Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center 16032:Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960 15397: 14857:Presidential Nominating Politics in 1952 14755: 14548:Ambrose, Stephen E. (January 17, 2012). 14194:(Speech). Washington College, Maryland: 13580: 13425: 13374: 13044: 12945:Pach, Chester J. Jr. (October 4, 2016). 12804: 12663: 12414: 12221: 12161: 12072: 11730: 11185:and to Director of Central Intelligence 11096: 10857:Journal of American-East Asian Relations 10216:Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site 10079: 9481: 8916:Villamor, Jesus; Snyder, Gerald (1968). 8909: 8813: 8631: 8411: 8375: 7758: 7264:History of the United States (1945–1964) 5048: 5036: 4896: 4728: 4655: 4492: 4484: 4469: 4434: 4422: 4166: 4097:had been accused of being a spy for the 4054: 3798: 3696: 3640: 3451: 3326: 3154: 3142: 3130: 3105:Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) 2915:racial integration in the Armed Services 2905:programs still in operation, especially 2884: 2874:in planning all phases of the Cold War. 2799: 2796:1956 United States presidential election 2718: 2699:"I Like Ike" televised campaign ad, 1952 2688: 2665:Eisenhower button from the 1952 campaign 2660: 2651:1952 United States presidential election 2541:In 1948, Eisenhower became President of 2524: 2510: 2502: 2362: 2207: 2131: 2104: 1946: 1669: 1496: 1385:", because 59 members eventually became 1368: 1306:International Bible Students Association 1258: 309:May 8, 1945 – November 10, 1945 201:June 7, 1948 – January 19, 1953 19967:National Republican Redistricting Trust 15325:"Life Portrait of Dwight D. Eisenhower" 15262:, Prentice Hall; (1949) Dell paperback. 15052: 15028: 14818: 14731: 14717:Office of the Chief of Military History 14568: 14547: 14390: 14374: 14262:"Honorary Degree Recipients, 1844–2019" 14153:from the original on November 22, 2020. 14014:"Honorary Degree Recipients, 1850–2021" 13103: 12897: 12729:California Digital Newspaper Collection 12317:"Dwight D. Eisenhower Farewell Address" 12162:Knighton, William Jr. (June 10, 1956). 12130: 12060: 12048: 11865: 11859: 11847: 11835: 11823: 11724: 11712: 11700: 11688: 11206: 11197:, New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 333. 11084: 11072: 11061:Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War 11044: 11032: 11020: 11009:Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War 10930: 10897: 10895: 10886: 10838: 10826: 10768: 10721: 10601: 10438: 10426: 10414: 10402: 10356: 10344: 10288: 10203: 10197: 10185: 10173: 10161: 10149: 10137: 10055: 10030: 10018: 9989: 9939: 9927: 9915: 9903: 9843: 9807: 9801: 9678:, Union Square Publishing, 2011, p. 201 9628: 9584: 9562:Truman Wrote of '48 Offer to Eisenhower 9490: 9446: 9436:The United States in Germany, 1944–1955 9398:American Military Government in Germany 9372: 9360: 9335: 9298: 9286: 9274: 9262: 9250: 9238: 9195: 9183: 9171: 9159: 9128:from the original on September 20, 2015 9034: 8903: 8801: 8737: 8658: 8646: 8619: 8607: 8595: 8557: 8545: 8533: 8521: 8210: 8189: 8087: 7870: 7793: 7781: 7711: 7709: 7700: 7688: 7619: 7617: 7574: 7550: 7504: 7492: 7324: 6139:, with 8th Army clasp (United Kingdom) 5521:, Knight (Denmark) – December 15, 1945 4503:battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 3774:deepened, Dulles sought to isolate the 3361:Policy attempted to legitimize illegal 3107:was put together by Eisenhower and his 2920:In a private letter, Eisenhower wrote: 1591:Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower 1055:resulted, which remains in effect. His 14: 26037:Honorary members of the Order of Merit 25884: 25247:Unknown Soldier for World War I (1921) 21247:Director of the Mutual Security Agency 20085:Republican National Coalition for Life 15350:Works by or about Dwight D. Eisenhower 15310:Dwight D. Eisenhower: A Resource Guide 15207:. University of North Carolina Press. 14947: 14928: 14880:New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 14686: 14663: 14518: 14482: 14460: 14368: 13810: 13808: 13645: 13643: 13375:Trescott, Jacqueline (April 2, 2009). 13258: 13109: 12833: 12672: 12597: 12549:from the original on December 20, 2016 12427:from the original on February 25, 2016 12417:"Eisenhower Family Civil War Veterans" 12415:Gasbarro, Norman (November 29, 2010). 11945: 11615: 11538: 11520:from the original on December 20, 2017 11472: 11433: 11337: 11283: 11220:Eisenhower and the Suez Crisis of 1956 10974: 10510:"The Last Week – The Road to War" 10490:from the original on November 20, 2007 10295:Miller, James A. (November 21, 2007). 10080:Crockett, Zachary (January 23, 2017). 9891: 9879: 9867: 9855: 9831: 9789: 9777: 9765: 9753: 9741: 9729: 9690: 9078: 8965: 8670: 8487: 7977:from the original on November 14, 2007 7876: 7389: 7387: 7385: 6214: 6122:Member Military Division June 12, 1945 6096:, Knight Grand Cross (United Kingdom) 5717:, Grand Cross with Gold Badge (Haiti) 4770:has appointed staff to this position. 4159:Eisenhower was relatively active with 4148:, for example, who as chairman of the 4003:under federal control and sent in the 3147:Eisenhower with Indian Prime Minister 2422: 1446:, his wife Mamie had their first son, 1166:. The Soviet Union began to reinforce 819:Eisenhower on military enforcement of 26252:United States Military Academy alumni 26247:United States Army War College alumni 26027:Grand Crosses of the Virtuti Militari 25112: 24983: 24672: 23597: 23030: 22523: 22304: 22100: 21882: 21648: 21437: 21335:Chair of the Atomic Energy Commission 21176: 20883: 20837: 20164: 20027:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 17691: 17566: 16968: 16825: 16812: 16506: 15371: 15316:Extensive essays on Dwight Eisenhower 15200:. University of North Carolina Press. 15135: 15090: 14931:Reexamining the Eisenhower presidency 14707: 14635: 14569:Ambrose, Stephen E. (July 15, 1999). 14499: 14403: 14393:Eisenhower: The President (1952–1969) 13718:from the original on October 22, 2012 13467: 13405: 13269: 13144:from the original on October 13, 2007 12810: 12780:from the original on October 10, 2016 12687: 12506:"Ike at Gettysburg (Goldwater, 1964)" 12378: 12240:from the original on January 17, 2013 12103: 11799: 11787: 11763: 11751: 11628:from the original on January 16, 2018 11551:from the original on January 16, 2018 11445: 11379:from the original on January 31, 2013 10901: 10780: 10583:from the original on January 17, 2013 10317: 9958: 9542:from the original on October 21, 2014 9384: 9323: 8944:from the original on February 9, 2017 8722: 8345:Dodson, Marcida (November 17, 1990). 8136:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 8132:"The Man Who Changed America, Part I" 7660:. Eisenhower National Historic Site. 7658:Lesson Plans: The Molding of a Leader 7431:Barnett, Lincoln (November 9, 1942). 7207:Committee on Scientists and Engineers 5472:, with Special Grand Cordon, (China) 4386:22nd Amendment to the US Constitution 3414:submarine-launched ballistic missiles 2604:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1689:and a few days later was promoted to 1243:, on the campus of their alma mater, 140:April 2, 1951 – May 30, 1952 26307:Deaths from congestive heart failure 26212:St. Mary's Rattlers football coaches 26097:People from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 26062:Military personnel from Pennsylvania 25036:Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand 24029:The Generation Twenty-Five and Under 21185:Director of the Bureau of the Budget 17717: 16165:Eisenhower Executive Office Building 16102:Republican National Convention (1952 15537:Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952 15148: 15109: 14851:The Eisenhower Presidency, 1953–1961 14840: 14485:Eisenhower and the American Crusades 14363:Bibliography of Dwight D. Eisenhower 13918:from the original on August 4, 2020. 13306:from the original on August 25, 2016 12970: 12944: 12798: 12579:from the original on August 19, 2017 12535:Goldschlag, William (May 11, 2016). 11310: 10892: 10850: 10092:from the original on January 6, 2017 10067: 10031:Johnson, David K. (March 22, 2023). 9714: 9702: 9662: 9610:from the original on October 8, 2016 8441:. Random House. pp. 31–32, 38. 8332: 8320: 8308: 8261:from the original on August 17, 2017 7842:"Biography: Dwight David Eisenhower" 7706: 7614: 7370:from the original on August 18, 2021 4651: 4619:. First incorporated into President 4600:The service included the singing of 4379: 4253: – January 3, 1959 (49th state) 3785: 3428:Korean War, Free China and Red China 3184:, from 1953 to 1961, focused on the 2455:escalated, Eisenhower agreed with a 2260:was successfully, albeit belatedly, 1767:American Battle Monuments Commission 1209: 972:before supervising the invasions of 956:, with whom he had two sons. During 444: 26002:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 25952:Army Black Knights football players 25159:State funerals in the United States 23575:2018: Aaron Feis & Jason Seaman 16711:for President of the United States 16333:Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower 15334:American Presidents: Life Portraits 15294:Major speeches of Dwight Eisenhower 15080:. Louisiana State University Press. 14933:. Greenwood Press. pp. 17–32. 14603:. A detailed study by his grandson. 14062:from the original on June 29, 2019. 14032:from the original on April 1, 2020. 13805: 13640: 13593:from the original on April 18, 2023 13562:from the original on March 17, 2023 13468:Plumb, Tiereny (January 22, 2010). 13364:from the original on April 4, 2009. 13193:, both of whom held four-star rank. 12754:from the original on August 9, 2019 12619:"Dwight D. Eisenhower – Final Post" 12455:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 103. 12013:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 11516:. The University of Chicago. 2004. 11375:. The American Presidency Project. 11189:to proceed with the coup; Ambrose, 11156:President Kennedy: Profile of Power 10247:. Simon and Schuster. p. 126. 9510:from the original on April 20, 2016 8983:Our presidents: profiles in history 8757:from the original on March 24, 2016 8699:Dwight David Eisenhower (1890–1969) 8111:from the original on March 20, 2018 7667:from the original on March 26, 2014 7382: 6286: 4918:(Interstate 290) near Chicago, the 4526:1964 Republican National Convention 4522:Texas's 20th congressional district 4186:Eisenhower appointed the following 3830:territory. Flown by American pilot 3755:and soldiers to Lebanon as part of 3693:Middle East and Eisenhower doctrine 3497:Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty 3410:intercontinental ballistic missiles 3182:Dwight D. Eisenhower administration 3135:Eisenhower with Egyptian President 3031:Remarks in Cadillac Square, Detroit 2850:as his budget director, then asked 2789: 1965:North African Theater of Operations 1047:and may have threatened China with 24: 26222:United States Army Chiefs of Staff 26187:Recipients of the Order of Victory 24708:recipients 20070:Republican Main Street Partnership 16019:Student loans in the United States 15794:National Aeronautics and Space Act 15190: 15084: 15016:Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower 14782: 14642:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 14541: 13782:London Welcomes Her Newest Citizen 13630:"The Arms of Dwight D. Eisenhower" 13080:"The President and His Decision". 12989:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1993.tb00160.x 12813:"Presidential Lies and Deceptions" 12811:Walsh, Kenneth T. (June 6, 2008). 12625:from the original on March 8, 2019 12283:from the original on June 14, 2008 11616:Adkins, Judith (August 15, 2016). 11539:Adkins, Judith (August 15, 2016). 11298:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1996.tb00251.x 10466:"Summary of the Atomic Energy Act" 10375:. Random House. pp. 674–683. 9959:Gibbs, Nancy (November 10, 2008). 9053:from the original on June 13, 2018 8820:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 43. 8783:from the original on March 5, 2016 8634:Eisenhower, His Life and Campaigns 8503:from the original on June 30, 2016 8357:from the original on March 9, 2012 7625:At Ease: Stories I Tell to Friends 7544: 6955:, National Army: October 20, 1918 6064:Order of the Royal House of Chakri 5715:National Order of Honour and Merit 5664:, Knight Grand Cross with Swords ( 5566:, Knight Grand Cross with Cordon ( 5004:In December 1999 he was listed on 4985:Commission, to create an enduring 4746:which he dubbed "The Middle Way". 4192:Supreme Court of the United States 3834:, the aircraft had taken off from 3701:Eisenhower with the Shah of Iran, 3253:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization 3231:supported two military coups: the 3019: 2957: 2889:February 1959 White House portrait 2835:Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower 2635:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 2620:Institute of War and Peace Studies 2136:Eisenhower speaks with men of the 2060:advanced across the Western Desert 1514:, inviting Roberts to stay at the 1247:. David owned a general store in 732:Western Allied invasion of Germany 25: 26328: 26262:World Golf Hall of Fame inductees 26202:Residents of Thatched House Lodge 26157:Recipients of the Legion of Merit 26117:Presidents of Columbia University 25942:American people of the Korean War 21466:Presidents of Columbia University 21379:White House Deputy Chief of Staff 21177: 20012:Congressional Hispanic Conference 17573:Supreme Allied Commanders, Europe 16155:Eisenhower National Historic Site 15915:Federal Voting Assistance Program 15893:Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 15465:1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy 15301:collected news and commentary at 15284:Eisenhower National Historic Site 15267: 15003:Eisenhower: The White House Years 14464:Eisenhower: The White House Years 13870:"President Eisenhower in Carrick" 13581:Scribner, Herb (March 25, 2023). 13387:from the original on July 3, 2017 12879:from the original on June 6, 2008 12651:from the original on May 18, 2019 12190:"Out of Hospital Visit Postponed" 12131:Leviero, Anthony (June 9, 1956). 11921:Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower 11244: 11195:Eisenhower: Soldier and President 11191:Eisenhower, Vol. 2: The President 9091:. Air University Press. pp. 8287:from the original on July 6, 2017 7940:"Lt Eisenhower and Football Team" 7890:from the original on May 21, 2008 7223:Eisenhower National Historic Site 5914:Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav 5812:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 5322:Order of the Liberator San Martin 3544: 3456:Eisenhower in Korea with General 3126: 2138:502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment 1756:Command and General Staff College 1237:Ida Elizabeth (Stover) Eisenhower 1204:upper tier of American presidents 1176:unprecedented economic prosperity 986:American-occupied zone of Germany 297:American-occupied zone of Germany 26257:United States military governors 25869: 25857: 25845: 25833: 25821: 25809: 25797: 25785: 24709: 24699: 23261:Silver Anniversary Awards (NCAA) 21222:Ambassador to the United Nations 20909: 20817: 20808: 20807: 19982:Republican Governors Association 18521:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 17120: 17113: 16674:President of Columbia University 16486: 16485: 15871:Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954 15341:Works by Dwight David Eisenhower 14859:. 5 vols., Johns Hopkins Press. 14761:Eisenhower as Military Commander 14757:Sixsmith, Major General E. K. G. 14356: 14332: 14312: 14292: 14254: 14234: 14214: 14178: 14157: 14127: 14107: 14087: 14066: 14036: 14006: 13974: 13942: 13930:"Oxford Degrees for War Leaders" 13922: 13892: 13862: 13834: 13773: 13745: 13730: 13698: 13668: 13622: 13605: 13544: 13508: 13482: 13461: 13399: 13344: 13318: 13288: 13232: 13196: 13171:. April 11, 2007. Archived from 13157: 13090: 13073: 13011: 12964: 12891: 12861: 12827: 12766: 12735: 12699: 12681: 12637: 12591: 12561: 12528: 12498: 12469: 12442: 12408: 12372: 12353:. March 23, 1961. Archived from 12335: 12295: 12265: 12252: 12208: 12182: 12155: 12124: 12104:Clark, Robert E (June 9, 1956). 12097: 12066: 12054: 12042: 12029: 12005: 11992: 11979: 11939: 11908: 11895: 11881: 11876:My First Fifty Years in Politics 11853: 11841: 11829: 11817: 11805: 11793: 11781: 11769: 11757: 11745: 11718: 11706: 11694: 11682: 11643: 11609: 11532: 11502: 11493: 11466: 11439: 11427: 11415: 11400: 11391: 11365: 11356: 11331: 11325:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2006.00285.x 11304: 11261: 11238: 11225: 11212: 11200: 11175: 11161: 11148: 11135: 11117: 11090: 11078: 11066: 11038: 11026: 11014: 10997: 10936: 10924: 10844: 10832: 10774: 10762: 10740:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00235.x 10722:Jackson, Michael Gordon (2005). 10715: 10706: 10697: 10684: 10681:(Cornell University Press; 2013) 10671: 10662: 10653: 10644: 10635: 10621: 10607: 10595: 10532: 10502: 10458: 10444: 10432: 10420: 10408: 10396: 10362: 10350: 10338: 10311: 10261: 10191: 10179: 10167: 10155: 10143: 10131: 10104: 10073: 10049: 10024: 10012: 9995: 9983: 9933: 9921: 9909: 9897: 9885: 9873: 9861: 9849: 9837: 9795: 9792:, pp. 152, 238–242, 245–249 9783: 9771: 9759: 9747: 9735: 9708: 9696: 9668: 9634: 9622: 9590: 9578: 9496: 9464: 9452: 9440: 9428: 9416: 9403: 9390: 9378: 9366: 9354: 9341: 9118:"Eisenhower Commanded Gibraltar" 9116:Gallagher, Wes (December 1942). 8142:from the original on May 9, 2013 7281: 7171: 7156: 7151:, Regular Army: August 30, 1943 7141: 7136:, Regular Army: August 30, 1943 7126: 7109: 7092: 7075: 7058: 7039: 7024: 7019:, Regular Army: August 26, 1924 7009: 7002:, Regular Army: November 4, 1922 6992: 6977: 6960: 6945: 6926: 6911: 6896: 6830: 6799: 6771: 6743: 6715: 6687: 6658: 6630: 6602: 6574: 6545: 6517: 6489: 6461: 6433: 6405: 6377: 6346: 6315: 6272: 6258: 6241: 6228: 6197: 6178: 6159: 6144: 6129: 6109: 6086: 6071: 6056: 6041: 6026: 6011: 5996: 5991:, Chief Commander (Philippines) 5981: 5966: 5951: 5936: 5921: 5906: 5891: 5876: 5861: 5849: 5834: 5819: 5800: 5786: 5771: 5756: 5741: 5722: 5707: 5692: 5673: 5654: 5639: 5624: 5609: 5594: 5575: 5556: 5541: 5526: 5511: 5492: 5485:Military Order of the White Lion 5477: 5462: 5447: 5435: 5423: 5408: 5401:Order of Military Merit (Brazil) 5393: 5378: 5359: 5354:, Grand Cordon (Belgium) – 1945 5344: 5329: 5314: 5308:International and foreign awards 5287: 5281: 5263: 5249: 5229: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5192: 5178: 5164: 5143: 5137:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 5129: 5119:Army Distinguished Service Medal 5109: 5103: 5096: 5089: 5082: 4840: 4831: 4587:state funeral of John F. Kennedy 4260: 4246:during Eisenhower's presidency. 4171: 3902:for Soviet intelligence officer 3791:This section is an excerpt from 3763:received American aid until the 3679:established with Nazi assistance 3551:United States in the Vietnam War 3331:In the 1970s the reverse of the 3168:This section is an excerpt from 3058:Problems playing this file? See 3035: 2786:entered office in January 2017. 2127:assault on the coast of Normandy 1603:until 1918. When the US entered 1412: 994:president of Columbia University 848: 809: 775:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 769:Army Distinguished Service Medal 523: 189:President of Columbia University 26122:Presidents of the United States 25762:: Presidents and chief justices 20192:Presidents of the United States 17680:* only Supreme Allied Commander 16640:Supreme Allied Commander Europe 16422:Eisenhower baseball controversy 15967:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights 15927:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 15789:EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958 15500:People of Western Europe speech 15422:Supreme Allied Commander Europe 15320:Miller Center of Public Affairs 15221:, candid memoir by a top aide. 15142:Air & Space Forces Magazine 15136:Grant, Rebecca (June 1, 2001). 14970:(Brill, 2020) pp. 112–128. 14658:The Journal of Military History 14273:. November 2019. Archived from 13475:American City Business Journals 13357:American City Business Journals 13165:"Public Law 333, 79th Congress" 11878:, New York: McGraw Hill, p. 227 9329: 9304: 9292: 9280: 9268: 9256: 9244: 9232: 9201: 9189: 9177: 9165: 9153: 9140: 9068: 9047:"Major General James E. Chaney" 9039: 9028: 8998: 8989: 8974: 8959: 8924: 8897: 8884: 8859:. Henry Holt & Co. p. 8841: 8795: 8769: 8743: 8731: 8716: 8691: 8664: 8652: 8640: 8625: 8613: 8589: 8563: 8551: 8539: 8527: 8515: 8481: 8416:. Berghahn Books. p. 210. 8369: 8314: 8302: 8273: 8242: 8222:"President Eisenhower: Painter" 8195: 8183: 8154: 8123: 8093: 8081: 8051: 7989: 7969:Botelho, Greg (July 15, 1912). 7962: 7864: 7815:. April 4, 1969. Archived from 7799: 7787: 7775: 7745: 7732: 7694: 7682: 7643: 7630: 7580: 7568: 7563:Eisenhower, Dwight David "Ike". 7556: 7212:Eisenhower baseball controversy 7181:, Regular Army: April 11, 1946 5944:Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero 5487:, Grand Cross (Czechoslovakia) 4953:Eisenhower commemorative dollar 4550:Walter Reed Army Medical Center 4013:Little Rock Central High School 3910: 3811:On 1 May 1960, a United States 3631:Legitimation of Francoist Spain 3513:China's nuclear weapons program 3119:which was a predecessor to the 3093:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 3073:Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 2978:United Nations General Assembly 2839:For a chronological guide, see 2371:from May through November 1945. 2093:and initially outnumbering the 1973:in the underground headquarters 1906:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 1462:, Colorado. John served in the 1433:American entry into World War I 1373:West Point yearbook photo, 1915 1039:. In 1953, he considered using 1033:contain the spread of communism 440: 128:Supreme Allied Commander Europe 26072:NATO Supreme Allied Commanders 26057:Military personnel from Kansas 20075:Republican Majority for Choice 19903:Steering and Policy Committees 16748:President of the United States 16008:National Defense Education Act 15979:Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957 15495:June 6, 1944, order of the day 15480:European Theater of Operations 15414:President of the United States 15245:Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1965). 15237:Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1963). 15227:Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1948). 15018:. University Press of Kansas. 14909:Presidential Studies Quarterly 14636:Hobbs, Joseph Patrick (1999). 14554:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. 14143:Catholic University of America 13680:Eisenhower Presidential Center 13440:Eisenhower Memorial Commission 13300:Federal Highway Administration 13296:"Dwight D. Eisenhower Highway" 13187:Commandant of the Marine Corps 13047:The American Historical Review 12715:. Vol. 42, no. 205. 12379:Klaus, Mary (August 8, 1985). 11313:Presidential Studies Quarterly 10945:Presidential Studies Quarterly 10728:Presidential Studies Quarterly 10692:Eisenhower and the Missile Gap 10577:Eisenhower Presidential Center 10324:. Facts On File. p. xii. 10274:. Best Books on. p. 270. 10268:Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1959). 9472:The Making of the Atomic Bomb, 9006:"The Eisenhowers: The General" 7807:"Eisenhower: Soldier of Peace" 7623:Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1967). 7510: 7498: 7462:. Harper Collins. p. 63. 7451: 7352: 7318: 7228:Eisenhower Presidential Center 6972:(Reverted to permanent rank.) 6590:Catholic University of America 5856:Medal of Civic Merit (Mexico) 5604:, Grand Cross (France) – 1943 5297:National Defense Service Medal 5200:American Defense Service Medal 5008:. In 2009 he was named to the 4947:Eisenhower was honored on the 4861:People to People International 4662:statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower 4629:Eisenhower Presidential Center 3921:desegregating the Armed Forces 3915:While President Truman's 1948 3822:while conducting photographic 3807:C similar to the one shot down 3563:. Eisenhower sent Lt. General 3115:. ARPA eventually created the 2954:as the presidential aircraft. 2628:international security studies 2515:Eisenhower posing in front of 2489:Republican National Convention 2354:After World War II (1945–1953) 2325:very bloody large-scale battle 2214:German Instrument of Surrender 2012:Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle 1943:Operations Torch and Avalanche 1933:European Theater of Operations 1676:United States Military Academy 1599:at various camps in Texas and 1419:Family of Dwight D. Eisenhower 1324:freshman year. He and brother 1216:Family of Dwight D. Eisenhower 1164:National Defense Education Act 1134:and contributed to the end of 1081:regime-changing military coups 996:(1948–1953), and as the first 899:president of the United States 490:United States Military Academy 71:President of the United States 13: 1: 26312:20th-century American farmers 26297:Centrism in the United States 26067:Military personnel from Texas 26052:Knights of the Holy Sepulchre 21404:White House Cabinet Secretary 20140:International Democracy Union 16785:United States Capitol rotunda 16289:Backstairs at the White House 16160:Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial 15984:Little Rock Nine intervention 15876:Internal Revenue Code of 1954 15239:Mandate for Change, 1953–1956 15203:Boyle, Peter G., ed. (2005). 15196:Boyle, Peter G., ed. (1990). 14841:Cook, Blanche Wiesen (1981). 14826:. Stanford University Press. 14074:"Honorary Degrees Since 1702" 13706:"Questions to the Chancellor" 13213:. Legis Works. Archived from 13191:Commandant of the Coast Guard 11448:Congress & the Presidency 9504:"Dwight Eisenhower in Poland" 8995:Korda (2007), pp 239–243 8161:O'Connell, Robert L. (2022). 8029:O'Connell, Robert L. (2022). 8001:Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial 7651:"Getting on the Right TRRACC" 7523:. Macmillan. pp. 21–22. 7307: 7034:, Regular Army: July 1, 1936 6987:, Regular Army: July 2, 1920 6970:, Regular Army: June 30, 1920 6921:, Regular Army: May 15, 1917 6906:, Regular Army: July 1, 1916 6862: 6235:Freedom of the City of London 5989:Legion of Honor (Philippines) 5976:, Grand Collar (Philippines) 5899:Order of the Netherlands Lion 5751:, Knight Grand Cross (Italy) 5470:Order of the Cloud and Banner 4999:National Air and Space Museum 4983:Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial 4800:. The rank was created by an 4579:heads of state and government 4554:Washington National Cathedral 4150:Republican National Committee 4060: 3838:, Pakistan, and crashed near 3419:NASA planners projected that 3316: 3312:after Eisenhower left office. 3084:Transcontinental Motor Convoy 2821:from Stevenson, while losing 2645:Presidential campaign of 1952 2553:, where he was inducted into 1861:, but he declined the offer. 1810:Philippine tenure (1935–1939) 1448:Doud Dwight "Icky" Eisenhower 1198:". Historical evaluations of 788:§ Awards and decorations 26077:New York (state) Republicans 25977:Companions of the Liberation 24854:Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala 16252:Other tributes and memorials 15530:European Advisory Commission 15312:from the Library of Congress 15175:. Cornell University Press. 14973:Medhurst, Martin J. (1993). 14948:Jacobs, Travis Beal (2001). 14741:. Indiana University Press. 14687:Jordan, Jonathan W. (2015). 14664:Jordan, Jonathan W. (2011). 14446:Krieg, Joann P. ed. (1987). 14429:Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life 14165:"Honorary Degree Recipients" 13982:"Honorary degree recipients" 13900:"Honorary Degrees 1871–2018" 12834:Walker, Samuel, ed. (2012). 12817:U.S. News & World Report 12647:. Architect of the Capitol. 12645:"Lying in State or in Honor" 11251:Boston University Law Review 8855:Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life 8703:"Life Before the Presidency" 8412:Schaeper, Thomas J. (2010). 7753:Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life 7638:Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life 7590:Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life 7520:Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life 7312: 5172:Mexican Border Service Medal 4869:student ambassador component 4581:. Guests included President 4489:Eisenhower's funeral service 4238:States admitted to the Union 4103:Oppenheimer security hearing 3947:The administration declared 3738:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 3713:to overthrow Prime Minister 3665:of Spain, together with the 3270:In 1956, Egyptian President 3178:United States foreign policy 2931:1954 Congressional elections 2576:Council on Foreign Relations 2271:, equivalent to the rank of 1937:Coombe, Kingston upon Thames 1923:, commanding general of the 1695:transcontinental Army convoy 1661:Between the Wars (1918–1939) 1109:a US spy plane was shot down 1097:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 805:Dwight D. Eisenhower's voice 691:Battle of the Falaise Pocket 7: 26237:United States Army generals 26112:People with Crohn's disease 26087:People from Abilene, Kansas 25932:American football halfbacks 25927:American five-star officers 20884: 20022:Republican Jewish Coalition 19937:Republican Governance Group 16445:Introduction to Outer Space 16433:And I don't care what it is 16247:Places named for Eisenhower 15830:Outer Continental Shelf Act 15651:Military–industrial complex 14914:Harris, Seymour E. (1962). 14871:Eisenhower and the Cold War 14855:David Paul T., ed. (1954). 14804:. Oxford University Press. 14593:Eisenhower at War 1943–1945 14502:Eisenhower in War and Peace 14500:Smith, Jean Edward (2012). 14483:Parmet, Herbert S. (1972). 13843:Eisenhower's Scottish Diary 12904:Political Science Quarterly 12898:McMahon, Robert J. (1986). 12873:Public Broadcasting Service 12510:1964: Johnson vs. Goldwater 11097:Anderson, David L. (1991). 11011:. St. Martins Press, p. 85. 10783:Journal of Cold War Studies 10573:"Interstate Highway System" 10372:Eisenhower in War and Peace 9538:. Macmillan. pp. 1–6. 9349:Eisenhower in War and Peace 8892:Journal of Military History 8632:Sixsmith, E. K. G. (1973). 8488:Walker, Karen (June 2009). 8439:Eisenhower in War and Peace 8437:Smith, Jean Edward (2012). 8231:(21): 30–40. Archived from 7327:"Eisenhower Was a Democrat" 7325:Ferrell, Robert H. (1990). 7195:And I don't care what it is 7187: 6618:College of William and Mary 5959:Orden Vasco Núñez de Balboa 5794:Military Medal (Luxembourg) 5781:, Grand Cross (Luxembourg) 5730:Order of the Holy Sepulchre 5583:Order of the Queen of Sheba 5416:Order of Aeronautical Merit 5386:Order of the Southern Cross 4942:National Defense University 4932:Interstate 80 in California 4804:on a temporary basis, when 4466:Post-presidency (1961–1969) 4360:was removed, containing 16 3259:. It ended two crises with 3237:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 3229:Central Intelligence Agency 2804:1956 electoral vote results 2723:1952 electoral vote results 2449:highest military decoration 2179:invasion of Southern France 1773:, then a journalist at the 1701:He assumed duties again at 1651:Distinguished Service Medal 1627:, where he was promoted to 1383:the class the stars fell on 1196:military–industrial complex 909:in Europe and achieved the 828:Recorded September 24, 1957 785: 36:Eisenhower (disambiguation) 10: 26333: 26107:People of the Congo Crisis 26092:People from Denison, Texas 25907:20th-century Presbyterians 25529:Chestnut and Gibson (1998) 25469:Herbert C. Hoover Building 24706:Philippine Legion of Honor 23890:Hungarian Freedom Fighters 21354:White House Chief of Staff 20907: 19942:Republican Study Committee 16561:Commanding General of the 16533:Commanding General of the 15698:Korean Armistice Agreement 15669:Presidential Proclamations 15576:State of the Union Address 15430:Chief of Staff of the Army 15217:Butcher, Harry C. (1946). 14987:Mayer, Michael S. (2009). 14952:. Transaction Publishers. 14876:Gellman, Irwin F. (2015). 14869:Divine, Robert A. (1981). 14849:Damms, Richard V. (2002). 14632:, early popular biography. 14591:Eisenhower, David (1986). 14360: 14222:"Honorary Degrees Awarded" 14052:University of Pennsylvania 13908:Queen's University Belfast 13516:"Hall of Great Westerners" 13492:. PGA Tour. Archived from 13406:Horan, Tim (May 8, 2020). 13030:New York Times Book Review 12196:. July 1, 1956. p. E2 11812:Young & Schilling 2019 11776:Young & Schilling 2019 11740:Young & Schilling 2019 11342:. Routledge. p. 316. 10870:10.1163/187656100793645921 10369:Jean Edward Smith (2012). 10318:Mayer, Michael S. (2009). 9817:Young & Schilling 2019 8814:Wukovits, John F. (2006). 8673:"Watershed at Leavenworth" 7765:"Public School Products". 7433:"General "Ike" Eisenhower" 6477:University of Pennsylvania 6331:Queen's University Belfast 6309:Gave commencement address 6019:Order of Polonia Restituta 6004:Distinguished Service Star 5929:Order of Nishan-e-Pakistan 5808:Order pro merito Melitensi 5764:Order of the Chrysanthemum 5702:, First Class (Guatemala) 5324:, Grand Cross (Argentina) 5257:World War II Victory Medal 4890: 4764:White House Chief of Staff 4606:Onward, Christian Soldiers 4175: 3925:State of the Union address 3790: 3634: 3616:President of South Vietnam 3548: 3505:First Taiwan Strait crisis 3392:to detect any threats but 3320: 3167: 3109:Science Advisory Committee 3010: 2968:History of nuclear weapons 2961: 2838: 2832: 2793: 2654: 2648: 2608:Augusta National Golf Club 2569:Department of the Treasury 2463:1948 presidential election 2459:to stop Soviet expansion. 2429:Chief of Staff of the Army 2069:After the capitulation of 1837:at the Zablan Airfield in 1787:Assistant Secretary of War 1588: 1507:Augusta National Golf Club 1416: 1213: 952:in 1915 and later married 901:from 1953 to 1961. During 232:Chief of Staff of the Army 29: 26272:Writers from Pennsylvania 25757: 25730: 25652: 25575: 25566: 25510: 25485: 25467: 25449: 25417: 25174: 25165: 25156: 25064: 25051:Akihito, Emperor of Japan 25018: 24937: 24916: 24885: 24867: 24824: 24718: 24410: 24176: 23841: 23831:The American Fighting-Man 23634: 23064: 22558: 22495: 22463: 22434: 22405: 22376: 22347: 22320:American Vegetarian Party 22318: 22300: 22288:George Bell Timmerman Jr. 22229: 22211: 22202: 22171: 22153: 22144: 22072: 22033: 22004: 21975: 21954: 21925: 21896: 21878: 21807: 21789: 21780: 21719: 21701: 21692: 21473: 21402: 21377: 21352: 21333: 21314: 21289: 21264: 21245: 21220: 21183: 21172: 21137: 21112: 21087: 21068: 21045:Secretary of the Interior 21043: 21024: 20999: 20968: 20945:Secretary of the Treasury 20943: 20918: 20890: 20879: 20803: 20675: 20198: 20117: 20080:Republican Liberty Caucus 20060: 19990: 19952: 19883: 19872: 19827: 19566: 19552: 19492: 19123: 19114: 18905: 18708: 18571: 17767: 17727: 17678: 17579: 17352: 17129: 17111: 17003: 16861: 16819: 16791: 16777: 16769: 16764: 16754: 16745: 16737: 16732: 16722: 16703: 16695: 16690: 16680: 16671: 16661: 16656: 16646: 16637: 16632: 16622: 16613: 16605: 16593: 16584: 16579: 16569: 16563:United States Army Europe 16559: 16551: 16541: 16535:United States Army Europe 16531: 16523: 16518: 16513: 16464: 16414: 16323: 16260: 16212:Eisenhower Medical Center 16125: 16082:Draft Eisenhower movement 16074: 16055: 15932:Interstate Highway System 15859:National Wool Act of 1954 15816: 15748:Atomic Energy Act of 1954 15710:"Chance for Peace" speech 15677: 15545: 15485:Allied invasion of Sicily 15448: 15405: 14765:B. C. T. Batsford Limited 14450:. 24 essays by scholars. 14391:Ambrose, Stephen (1984). 14095:"About: Honorary Degrees" 13754:"Eisenhower to get honor" 13655:www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov 13024:February 6, 2017, at the 12971:RABE, STEPHEN G. (1993). 12776:. UPI. October 25, 2005. 11954:. Little, Brown. p. 11460:10.1080/07343468909507929 11338:Navari, Cornelia (2000). 11141:Karnow, Stanley. (1991), 10795:10.1162/jcws.2008.10.4.37 9535:Eisenhower, the President 8981:Merrit, Jésus V. (1962). 8571:"Dwight David Eisenhower" 8059:"Dwight David Eisenhower" 7593:. Macmillan. p. 31. 7395:"Post-presidential years" 7051:Army of the United States 6081:, Grand Cordon (Tunisia) 6034:Order of Virtuti Militari 5946:, Grand Officer (Panama) 5884:Order of Ouissam Alaouite 5829:, Collar (Mexico) – 1945 5367: 5306: 5186:World War I Victory Medal 5156: 5071: 5027: 4867:. The program includes a 4621:Abraham Lincoln's funeral 3919:had begun the process of 3820:Soviet Air Defence Forces 3069:Interstate Highway System 3013:Interstate Highway System 3007:Interstate Highway System 3001:Atomic Energy Act of 1954 2999:. The speech lead to the 2872:National Security Council 2657:Draft Eisenhower movement 2395:. He reclassified German 1835:Philippine Army Air Corps 1298:Brethren in Christ Church 1152:Interstate Highway System 1063:'s policy of recognizing 998:supreme commander of NATO 837: 798: 761: 589: 579: 562: 552: 544: 539: 531: 519: 500: 485: 475: 454: 425: 412: 401: 391: 377: 353: 348: 344: 331: 321: 313: 302: 290: 278: 266: 256: 248: 237: 229: 217: 205: 194: 186: 174: 164: 152: 144: 133: 125: 113: 101: 87: 76: 68: 64: 52: 45: 26317:Progressive conservatism 26082:Pennsylvania Republicans 25917:American anti-communists 25046:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 24827:(Marangal na Komandante) 24704: 24548:: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. 23532:National Football League 23303:1985: William I. Spencer 23153:1968: Chester J. LaRoche 22551:Theodore Roosevelt Award 21236:James Jeremiah Wadsworth 21070:Secretary of Agriculture 19850:Northern Mariana Islands 16691:Party political offices 16508:Offices and distinctions 16283:(1949 television series) 16037:Civil Rights Act of 1960 15962:Civil Rights Act of 1957 15921:Bank Holding Company Act 15898:Agricultural Act of 1956 15854:Agricultural Act of 1954 15705:1953 Iranian coup d'état 15091:Bundy, McGeorge (1988). 15076:Watry, David M. (2014). 14577:. Simon & Schuster. 14404:Boyle, Peter G. (2005). 14270:University of Notre Dame 14227:Johns Hopkins University 13110:Medved, Michael (1979). 12015:72#1 (1998) pp. 161–162 11479:. Simon & Schuster. 11193:p. 111; Ambrose (1990), 11154:Reeves, Richard (1993), 10981:Cornell University Press 10975:Minami, Kazushi (2024). 10480:"The cracks are showing" 10452:"Atoms for Peace Speech" 10003:Public Opinion Quarterly 9532:Pusey, Merlo J. (1956). 8671:Bender, Mark C. (1990). 8383:. Movies & TV Dept. 8202:Berger-Knorr, Lawrence. 7721:August 20, 2010, at the 7274: 6881:No pin insignia in 1915 6851:Doctor of Humane Letters 6759:University of Notre Dame 6703:Johns Hopkins University 6278:Freedom of the Burgh of 6219:Eisenhower received the 5886:, Grand Cross (Morocco) 5827:Order of the Aztec Eagle 5536:, First Class (Ecuador) 5442:Campaign Medal (Brazil) 5271:Army of Occupation Medal 5014:Hall of Great Westerners 4546:congestive heart failure 4539: 4475:President Lyndon Johnson 4087:Atomic Energy Commission 4034:with Eisenhower issuing 3964:Civil Rights Act of 1957 3719:US and British companies 3233:1953 Iranian coup d'état 2964:History of nuclear power 2899:progressive conservative 2757:conflated with communism 2399:(POWs) in US custody as 2389:Nazi concentration camps 2387:. Upon discovery of the 2332:Nazi concentration camps 2184:end of the war in Europe 1865:World War II (1939–1945) 1403:Peacock Military Academy 1255:Early life and education 1226:Province of Pennsylvania 1144:Civil Rights Act of 1957 667:Allied invasion of Italy 648:Battle of Kasserine Pass 26217:Time Person of the Year 24908:Alfredo Montelibano Sr. 24844:Fernando Zobel de Ayala 24046:The Apollo 8 Astronauts 23427:Billy Joe "Red" McCombs 22436:Socialist Workers Party 22045:Edward Longstreet Bodin 22006:Socialist Workers Party 16305:Ike: Countdown to D-Day 15886:Small Watershed Program 15299:Dwight David Eisenhower 15258:Summersby, Kay (1948). 14320:"Past Honorary Degrees" 14171:Northwestern University 14169:Office of the Provost, 13850:. Event occurs at 0:13 13737:Eisenhower, John S. D. 13169:Naval Historical Center 12869:"Presidential Politics" 12273:"Former Presidents Act" 12022:April 29, 2017, at the 11233:Waging Peace: 1956–1961 11218:Kingseed, Cole (1995), 10902:Crean, Jeffrey (2024). 9780:, pp. 168–169, 175 9422:Tent, James F. (1982), 8577:. Sightline Media Group 8063:Internet Public Library 7460:"Ike: An American Hero" 7458:Korda, Michael (2007). 7234:Ike: Countdown to D-Day 6646:Northwestern University 6264:Freedom of the City of 6051:, First Class (Poland) 6036:, First Class (Poland) 6021:, Grand Cross (Poland) 5961:, Grand Cross (Panama) 5916:, Grand Cross (Norway) 5842:Medal of Military Merit 5749:Military Order of Italy 5700:Cross of Military Merit 5662:Royal Order of George I 5551:, Grand Cordon (Egypt) 5534:Order of Abdon Calderón 5418:, Grand Cross (Brazil) 5388:, Grand Cross (Brazil) 5073:US military decorations 5041:The star of the Soviet 5010:World Golf Hall of Fame 4524:seat. He addressed the 4507:Palm Desert, California 4477:with Eisenhower aboard 4221:Charles Evans Whittaker 4209:John Marshall Harlan II 4051:Relations with Congress 4005:101st Airborne Division 4001:Arkansas National Guard 3976:Civil Rights Commission 3663:international isolation 3436:began a buildup in the 3434:People's Volunteer Army 3098: 2447:and decorated with the 2369:Allied-occupied Germany 1851:Philippine Commonwealth 1791:Army Industrial College 1609:Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas 1585:World War I (1914–1918) 1180:minor recession in 1958 1168:their own space program 1027:, both times defeating 936:Eisenhower was born in 891:David Dwight Eisenhower 844:Dwight David Eisenhower 715:Operation Market Garden 710:Siegfried Line campaign 609:Pancho Villa Expedition 358:David Dwight Eisenhower 59:Official portrait, 1959 26102:People of the Cold War 25947:American Presbyterians 25922:American anti-fascists 25419:National Statuary Hall 24886:Commander (Komandante) 24005:Martin Luther King Jr. 23420:2000: Fred M. Kirby II 22187:Incumbent VP nominee: 22059:Homer Aubrey Tomlinson 20290:William Henry Harrison 19932:Problem Solvers Caucus 16781:lain in state or honor 16175:Eisenhower Fellowships 15490:Armistice of Cassibile 15260:Eisenhower Was My Boss 15156:. Simon and Schuster. 14950:Eisenhower at Columbia 14607:Eisenhower, John S. D. 13816:"Eisenhower in Ulster" 13787:British Movietone News 13270:Gomez, Darryl (2015). 12823:on September 29, 2008. 11473:Nichol, David (2007). 11231:Dwight D. Eisenhower, 10544:USS Washington (BB-56) 10514:USS Washington (BB-56) 9458:Goedde, Petra (2002). 9122:The Lewiston Daily Sun 8918:They Never Surrendered 8723:Trout, Steven (2010). 7751:D'Este, Carlo (2002). 7636:D'Este, Carlo (2002). 7587:D'Este, Carlo (2003). 7517:D'Este, Carlo (2003). 6099:Military Division 1945 5779:Order of the Oak Crown 5732:, Knight Grand Cross ( 5683:, Knight Grand Cross ( 5457:, Grand Cross (Chile) 5066: 5046: 5033:Awards and decorations 4979:United States Congress 4902: 4887:Tributes and memorials 4742: 4727: 4677: 4649: 4568:on March 30 and 31. A 4498: 4490: 4482: 4444: 4432: 4288: 4066: 4021:Martin Luther King Jr. 3844:surface-to-air missile 3808: 3706: 3654: 3596:Gen. J. Lawton Collins 3465: 3390:surveillance satellite 3336: 3245:1954 Geneva Conference 3164: 3152: 3140: 3049:Text of speech excerpt 3024: 2927: 2890: 2829:Presidency (1953–1961) 2805: 2724: 2700: 2666: 2538: 2522: 2508: 2372: 2233: 2217: 2201: 2149: 2114: 1956: 1875:15th Infantry Regiment 1873:of the 1st Battalion, 1775:Agriculture Department 1682: 1666:In service of generals 1552:Angels in the Outfield 1502: 1374: 1333:Edward "Swede" Hazlett 1264: 1130:. He covertly opposed 1126:agencies and expanded 636:Battle of Port Lyautey 626:North African campaign 212:Nicholas Murray Butler 34:. For other uses, see 24791:Franklin D. Roosevelt 24462:The Good Samaritans: 23759:Franklin D. Roosevelt 23699:Franklin D. Roosevelt 23683:Franklin D. Roosevelt 23229:Vincent dePaul Draddy 23107:Byron "Whizzer" White 22378:Socialist Labor Party 21956:Socialist Labor Party 21230:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 21122:Martin Patrick Durkin 21089:Secretary of Commerce 20520:Franklin D. Roosevelt 20017:Log Cabin Republicans 16545:Frank Maxwell Andrews 16439:Atoms for Peace Award 16375:Ida Stover Eisenhower 16371:(great-granddaughter) 15944:Fish and Wildlife Act 15824:Executive Order 10479 15633:Judicial appointments 15525:Disarmed Enemy Forces 15289:Eisenhower Foundation 15274:White House biography 14796:(February 12, 1998). 14719:, Dept. of the Army. 14551:The Supreme Commander 14186:Eisenhower, Dwight D. 14022:University of Toronto 11946:Thomas, Evan (2012). 10005:17.4 (1953): 443-460 9598:"ΦΒΚ U.S. Presidents" 9567:June 3, 2017, at the 9434:Zink, Harold (1957). 9396:Zink, Harold (1947). 9211:The Age of Eisenhower 9208:Hitchcock, W (2018). 9010:Dwightdeisenhower.com 8709:June 5, 2011, at the 8393:on September 28, 2013 7910:"Eisenhower BOQ 1915" 7846:Eisenhower Foundation 7771:. September 14, 1959. 6791:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6763:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6735:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6707:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6678:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6650:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6622:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6594:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6509:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6481:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6453:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 6449:University of Toronto 6397:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 5681:Order of the Redeemer 5619:, Companion (France) 5519:Order of the Elephant 5059:Order of the Elephant 5052: 5045:awarded to Eisenhower 5040: 4916:Eisenhower Expressway 4900: 4732: 4722: 4687:civil rights movement 4674:United States Capitol 4659: 4644: 4558:United States Capitol 4496: 4488: 4473: 4442: 4426: 4397:Former Presidents Act 4283: 4244:admitted to the Union 4167:Judicial appointments 4095:J. Robert Oppenheimer 4080:1954 Senate elections 4058: 4036:Executive Order 10450 3949:racial discrimination 3937:Secretary of the Navy 3935:, Eisenhower's first 3878:U.S.-Soviet relations 3824:aerial reconnaissance 3818:was shot down by the 3802: 3703:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 3700: 3644: 3549:Further information: 3455: 3447:Strategic Air Command 3443:Joint Chiefs of Staff 3330: 3321:Further information: 3158: 3146: 3134: 3023: 2950:, which replaced the 2922: 2888: 2803: 2722: 2698: 2684:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 2664: 2584:The American Assembly 2531:president of Columbia 2528: 2514: 2506: 2409:Joint Chiefs of Staff 2401:Disarmed Enemy Forces 2366: 2219: 2211: 2196: 2172:slapped a subordinate 2135: 2112: 1950: 1816:Philippine government 1673: 1500: 1468:Ambassador to Belgium 1407:St. Mary's University 1372: 1354:and was a starter at 1352:varsity football team 1262: 1214:Further information: 1120:moderate conservative 929:in 1942–1943 and the 927:North Africa campaign 744:Occupation of Germany 563:Years of service 25892:Dwight D. Eisenhower 25151:in the United States 25071:Robert Gerard Brinks 25031:Dwight D. Eisenhower 24870:(Marangal na Pinuno) 24849:Jaime Zobel de Ayala 24743:Dwight D. Eisenhower 24579:The Silence Breakers 24446:The American Soldier 24427:The Whistleblowers: 24285:The Endangered Earth 24067:The Middle Americans 24021:William Westmoreland 23914:Dwight D. Eisenhower 23783:Dwight D. Eisenhower 23297:John F. McGillicuddy 23214:1976: Edgar B. Speer 23071:Dwight D. Eisenhower 22500:Other 1956 elections 22467:and other candidates 22367:Herbert C. Holdridge 22181:Dwight D. Eisenhower 22077:Other 1952 elections 22037:and other candidates 21729:Dwight D. Eisenhower 21103:Frederick H. Mueller 21009:Herbert Brownell Jr. 20978:Charles Erwin Wilson 20970:Secretary of Defense 20872:Dwight D. Eisenhower 20540:Dwight D. Eisenhower 20047:Republicans Overseas 20037:Teen Age Republicans 19840:District of Columbia 18241:1964 (San Francisco) 18201:1956 (San Francisco) 17737:National Union Party 17354:Vice Chiefs of Staff 16867:Dwight D. Eisenhower 16405:Milton S. Eisenhower 16363:Mary Jean Eisenhower 16222:Eisenhower Golf Club 16180:Eisenhower Institute 16026:Hawaii Admission Act 16014:Federal Perkins Loan 16002:Humane Slaughter Act 15996:Alaska Statehood Act 15864:Special Milk Program 15399:Dwight D. Eisenhower 15001:Newton, Jim. (2011) 14989:The Eisenhower Years 14794:Immerman, Richard H. 14522:Dwight D. Eisenhower 14519:Wicker, Tom (2002). 14461:Newton, Jim (2011). 14397:Simon & Schuster 14384:Simon & Schuster 14123:. November 28, 2018. 13994:on September 9, 2019 13686:on November 18, 2016 13636:on February 2, 2015. 13220:on November 21, 2015 12575:. January 21, 1969. 12393:on February 25, 2016 12262:2007; 99: 1325–1329. 11003:Dunnigan, James and 10851:Zhai, Qiang (2000). 10677:Yankek Mieczkowski, 10468:. February 22, 2013. 10321:The Eisenhower Years 9971:on November 11, 2008 9216:Simon & Schuster 9016:on December 30, 2010 8727:. pp. xv–xxxii. 8037:. pp. 117–119. 7886:. Baseball Almanac. 6362:University of Oxford 6066:, Knight (Thailand) 4822:admiral of the fleet 4739:Bay of Pigs Invasion 4637:World War II uniform 4635:casket, wearing his 4591:Kurt-Georg Kiesinger 4308:Howard McCrum Snyder 3917:Executive Order 9981 3886:Pakistani government 3310:Bay of Pigs Invasion 2972:Eisenhower gave the 2852:Herbert Brownell Jr. 2759:during McCarthyism. 2443:in 1945. Invited by 2024:Generalfeldmarschall 1885:under Major General 1482:. David, after whom 1335:was applying to the 1319:Eisenhower attended 1202:place him among the 1184:his farewell address 1174:. His two terms saw 1113:Bay of Pigs Invasion 1017:that year's election 931:invasion of Normandy 387:Washington, D.C., US 327:Position established 170:Position established 47:Dwight D. Eisenhower 26267:Writers from Kansas 25321:J. E. Hoover (1972) 25019:Grand Collar (Raja) 24964:Edith Nourse Rogers 24721:(Punong Komandante) 24644:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 23628:Persons of the Year 23457:2005: Jon F. Hanson 23451:William V. Campbell 23435:George Steinbrenner 23237:William P. Lawrence 23139:Earl H. "Red" Blaik 22273:W. Averell Harriman 22179:Incumbent nominee: 21866:Richard Russell Jr. 21846:W. Averell Harriman 21753:George T. Mickelson 20990:Thomas S. Gates Jr. 20470:William Howard Taft 20390:Rutherford B. Hayes 20000:College Republicans 18421:2000 (Philadelphia) 18161:1948 (Philadelphia) 18121:1940 (Philadelphia) 17938:1900 (Philadelphia) 17847:1872 (Philadelphia) 17795:1856 (Philadelphia) 17747:Fourth Party System 16665:Frank D. Fackenthal 16387:Edgar N. Eisenhower 16202:U.S. Postage stamps 16185:Eisenhower Monument 15842:Submerged Lands Act 15687:Eisenhower Doctrine 15510:Operation Veritable 15470:Louisiana Maneuvers 15249:, Doubleday and Co. 15062:. Harlan Davidson. 15054:Pickett, William B. 15030:Pickett, William B. 14891:Greenstein, Fred I. 14713:The Supreme Command 14408:. Pearson/Longman. 14369:General biographies 14280:on October 22, 2020 14202:on October 20, 2020 13962:on November 4, 2017 13880:on October 25, 2020 13793:on October 27, 2021 13449:on October 22, 2020 13381:The Washington Post 13204:"Public Law 79-333" 13175:on October 13, 2007 13017:John Lewis Gaddis, 12516:on October 19, 2013 12343:"A Chronology from 12236:. doctorzebra.com. 12110:Atlanta Daily World 11998:Clarence G. Lasby, 11927:on January 18, 2012 11814:, pp. 147, 150 11666:on February 6, 2017 11593:on February 6, 2017 10933:, pp. 245, 246 10908:Bloomsbury Academic 10604:, pp. 301, 326 10307:on January 7, 2012. 9347:Jean Edward Smith, 9289:, pp. 250, 298 8679:on October 29, 2008 8255:The Washington Post 8229:White House History 7729:, February 9, 1953. 7716:"Faith Staked Down" 7401:on October 23, 2013 7219:for time management 7179:General of the Army 7164:General of the Army 6731:University of Delhi 6367:Doctor of Civil Law 6248:Freedom of the City 6215:Freedom of the City 6152:War Medal 1939–1945 6102:Civil Division 1957 5617:Order of Liberation 5500:War Cross 1939–1945 5430:War Medal (Brazil) 5273:w/ "Germany" clasp 4859:Eisenhower founded 4782:General of the Army 4683:Central High School 4676:in Washington, D.C. 4460:General of the Army 4295:, he had a serious 4116:executive privilege 4009:nine black students 3832:Francis Gary Powers 3745:Eisenhower Doctrine 3736:in response to the 3561:First Indochina War 3284:Eisenhower Doctrine 2612:Columbia Associates 2588:Blanche Wiesen Cook 2543:Columbia University 2521:at Columbia in 1953 2423:Army Chief of Staff 2411:(JCS) in directive 2293:Battle of the Bulge 2269:General of the Army 2262:opened in late 1944 2254:Sixth US Army Group 2140:(PIR), part of the 2087:Operation Avalanche 2052:British Eighth Army 2048:Mediterranean basin 2003:French armed forces 1899:Louisiana Maneuvers 1893:, Commander of the 1746:Carl von Clausewitz 1393:, he was posted to 1321:Abilene High School 1314:Presbyterian Church 1310:Jehovah's Witnesses 1140:executive privilege 1138:by openly invoking 1107:was cancelled when 1101:1958 Lebanon crisis 1073:First Indochina War 990:Army Chief of Staff 915:General of the Army 727:Battle of the Bulge 698:Liberation of Paris 672:Operation Avalanche 584:General of the Army 26277:Writers from Texas 26042:Kansas Republicans 25521:US Capitol rotunda 25487:Old Senate Chamber 25176:US Capitol rotunda 25065:Grand Cross (Datu) 24954:Teodoro Locsin Sr. 24924:Benigno Aquino Jr. 24893:Benigno Aquino Jr. 24877:Teodoro Locsin Jr. 24209:Ayatollah Khomeini 23874:John Foster Dulles 23546:& George Weiss 23366:Norman Schwarzkopf 23168:Thomas J. Hamilton 23147:Frederick L. Hovde 22482:Gerald L. K. Smith 22475:T. Coleman Andrews 22425:Samuel H. Friedman 22359:Enoch A. Holtwick 22330:Herbert M. Shelton 22239:Adlai Stevenson II 22052:Henry B. Krajewski 21995:Samuel H. Friedman 21817:Adlai Stevenson II 21114:Secretary of Labor 21034:Arthur Summerfield 21026:Postmaster General 20959:Robert B. Anderson 20953:George M. Humphrey 20928:John Foster Dulles 20920:Secretary of State 20460:Theodore Roosevelt 20032:Republicans Abroad 19897:Legislative Digest 18361:1988 (New Orleans) 18301:1976 (Kansas City) 18281:1972 (Miami Beach) 18261:1968 (Miami Beach) 18061:1928 (Kansas City) 17925:1896 (Saint Louis) 17912:1892 (Minneapolis) 17757:Sixth Party System 17752:Fifth Party System 17742:Third Party System 17007:Commanding General 16997:United States Army 16733:Political offices 16573:Joseph T. McNarney 16399:Earl D. Eisenhower 16227:Eisenhower Theater 15937:Highway Trust Fund 15836:Refugee Relief Act 15736:1955 Geneva Summit 15659:Kennedy transition 15515:Berlin Declaration 15337:, October 25, 1999 15304:The New York Times 15233:, his war memoirs. 14626:General Eisenhower 14479:, popular history. 14349:. October 5, 1965. 14305:The New York Times 14196:Washington College 14100:Hofstra University 13987:Gettysburg College 13955:Harvard University 13950:"Honorary Degrees" 13759:The New York Times 12977:Diplomatic History 12690:The New York Times 12675:The New York Times 12601:The New York Times 12345:The New York Times 12214:Williams, Charles 12194:The New York Times 12137:The New York Times 12079:The New York Times 12039:(1992), pp. 53–150 12002:(1997) pp. 57–113. 11905:(2011) pp. 356–357 11826:, pp. 188–189 11802:, pp. 316–317 11790:, pp. 310–311 11754:, pp. 305–306 11691:, pp. 118–119 11514:press.uchicago.edu 11436:, pp. 438–439 11286:Diplomatic History 11183:John Foster Dulles 11143:Vietnam, A History 11131:on August 3, 2016. 11075:, pp. 204–209 11035:, pp. 175–157 10829:, pp. 106–107 10615:"Internet History" 10540:"About the Author" 10405:, pp. 321–325 10359:, pp. 285–288 10222:on January 5, 2007 10114:The American Voter 10033:The Lavender Scare 10021:, pp. 556–567 9992:, pp. 541–546 9930:, pp. 524–528 9906:, pp. 502–511 9870:, pp. 251–254 9846:, pp. 484–485 9834:, pp. 235–236 9804:, pp. 479–483 9768:, pp. 162–164 9756:, pp. 145–146 9744:, pp. 140–141 9674:Pietrusza, David, 9665:, pp. 171–172 9603:. Phi Beta Kappa. 9587:, pp. 455–460 9573:The New York Times 9493:, pp. 432–452 9449:, pp. 421–425 9411:Diplomatic History 9375:, pp. 395–406 9363:, pp. 375–380 9338:, pp. 340–354 9265:, pp. 286–288 9241:, pp. 280–281 9218:. pp. 21–23. 9198:, pp. 275–276 9186:, pp. 254–255 9174:, pp. 230–233 9162:, pp. 204–210 9049:. U.S. Air Force. 8920:. Vera-Reyes, Inc. 8386:The New York Times 8335:, pp. 172–173 8311:, pp. 165–167 7997:"Ike and the Team" 7100:Lieutenant General 7032:Lieutenant Colonel 6953:Lieutenant Colonel 6674:Washington College 6533:Hofstra University 6421:Gettysburg College 6393:Harvard University 6254:on August 24, 1945 5373:w/ palm (Belgium) 5067: 5047: 4903: 4877:United States Mint 4786:Henry "Hap" Arnold 4743: 4707:George C. Marshall 4678: 4499: 4491: 4483: 4445: 4433: 4273:in 1949. However, 4215:William J. Brennan 4161:legislative vetoes 4067: 4017:Reconstruction Era 3972:Justice Department 3939:, argued that the 3933:Robert B. Anderson 3929:Federal Government 3809: 3757:Operation Blue Bat 3730:Gamal Abdel Nasser 3715:Mohammad Mosaddegh 3711:authorized the CIA 3707: 3655: 3649:and Eisenhower in 3620:made a state visit 3478:Stephen E. Ambrose 3466: 3398:nuclear deterrence 3394:ballistic missiles 3337: 3272:Gamal Abdel Nasser 3165: 3153: 3141: 3137:Gamal Abdel Nasser 3025: 2940:Robert B. Anderson 2891: 2864:George M. Humphrey 2860:John Foster Dulles 2806: 2764:Adlai Stevenson II 2752:spoke out adroitly 2725: 2701: 2667: 2539: 2523: 2509: 2474:Potsdam Conference 2457:containment policy 2373: 2246:12th US Army Group 2218: 2150: 2115: 2075:invasion of Sicily 1987:French cooperation 1957: 1871:commanding officer 1683: 1655:Bernard Montgomery 1632:lieutenant colonel 1527:Thomas E. Stephens 1503: 1486:is named, married 1464:United States Army 1391:Mexican Revolution 1375: 1265: 1069:Formosa Resolution 1029:Adlai Stevenson II 821:school integration 681:Operation Overlord 557:United States Army 273:George C. Marshall 159:Bernard Montgomery 25992:Eisenhower family 25957:Burials in Kansas 25773: 25772: 25767: 25766: 25753: 25752: 25745:Lautenberg (2013) 25654:Great Hall of the 25562: 25561: 25506: 25505: 25273:R. A. Taft (1953) 25106: 25105: 25011:Order of Sikatuna 24977: 24976: 24816:Claudio Teehankee 24811:Maxwell D. Taylor 24761:Douglas MacArthur 24666: 24665: 24648:Spirit of Ukraine 24348:Pope John Paul II 24325:The Peacemakers: 24301:George H. W. Bush 24293:Mikhail Gorbachev 24277:Mikhail Gorbachev 24121:Susan Brownmiller 24037:Lyndon B. Johnson 24013:Lyndon B. Johnson 23922:U.S. Scientists: 23906:Charles de Gaulle 23898:Nikita Khrushchev 23850:Mohammed Mosaddeq 23823:Winston Churchill 23751:Winston Churchill 23643:Charles Lindbergh 23591: 23590: 23406:John H. McConnell 23350:George H. W. Bush 23310:William H. Morton 23091:Amos Alonzo Stagg 23079:Douglas MacArthur 23024: 23023: 22517: 22516: 22491: 22490: 22454:Myra Tanner Weiss 22417:Darlington Hoopes 22349:Prohibition Party 22296: 22295: 22278:Lyndon B. Johnson 22255:Other candidates: 22198: 22197: 22094: 22093: 22068: 22067: 22024:Myra Tanner Weiss 21987:Darlington Hoopes 21927:Progressive Party 21916:Enoch A. Holtwick 21898:Prohibition Party 21874: 21873: 21833:Other candidates: 21776: 21775: 21745:Other candidates: 21642: 21641: 21431: 21430: 21427: 21426: 21418:Robert Keith Gray 21205:Percival Brundage 21168: 21167: 21128:James P. Mitchell 21015:William P. Rogers 20831: 20830: 20610:George H. W. Bush 20560:Lyndon B. Johnson 20490:Warren G. Harding 20430:Benjamin Harrison 20410:Chester A. Arthur 20400:James A. Garfield 20260:John Quincy Adams 20210:George Washington 20158: 20157: 20113: 20112: 20042:Young Republicans 19910:Senate Conference 19868: 19867: 19548: 19547: 17860:1876 (Cincinnati) 17685: 17684: 17560: 17559: 16962: 16961: 16806: 16805: 16801: 16800: 16792:Succeeded by 16755:Succeeded by 16723:Succeeded by 16681:Succeeded by 16657:Academic offices 16647:Succeeded by 16623:Succeeded by 16594:Succeeded by 16570:Succeeded by 16542:Succeeded by 16519:Military offices 16500: 16499: 16477:John F. Kennedy → 16470:← Harry S. Truman 16381:Arthur Eisenhower 16369:Jennie Eisenhower 16299:(1979 miniseries) 16291:(1979 miniseries) 16281:Crusade in Europe 16270:Eisenhower jacket 16217:Eisenhower Trophy 16190:Eisenhower dollar 16064:Crusade in Europe 16051: 16050: 15908:Soil Bank Program 15741:1960 U-2 incident 15571:1957 inauguration 15566:1953 inauguration 15505:Normandy landings 15345:Project Gutenberg 15253:Eisenhower Papers 15230:Crusade in Europe 15182:978-1-5017-4516-4 14977:Greenwood Press. 14968:Profiles in Power 14709:Pogue, Forrest C. 14537:, popular history 14474:978-0-385-52353-0 14242:"India Likes Ike" 14120:Dartmouth College 13820:Belfast Telegraph 13412:The Wichita Eagle 13360:. April 1, 2009. 13100:, September 1964. 13086:. March 12, 1956. 13032:, April 20, 2012. 12847:978-1-107-01660-6 12748:MilitaryTimes.com 12168:The Baltimore Sun 10917:978-1-350-23394-2 10520:on March 23, 2007 10486:. June 26, 2008. 10331:978-0-8160-5387-2 9641:Crusade in Europe 9478:November 11, 1963 8827:978-0-230-61394-2 8575:MilitaryTimes.com 8351:Los Angeles Times 7360:"The Eisenhowers" 7217:Eisenhower method 7185: 7184: 7134:Brigadier General 7066:Brigadier General 6885:Second Lieutenant 6860: 6859: 6726:December 17, 1959 6585:November 19, 1953 6561:Dartmouth College 6212: 6211: 6154:(United Kingdom) 6119:(United Kingdom) 6094:Order of the Bath 6049:Cross of Grunwald 5974:Order of Sikatuna 5869:Order of Muhammad 5766:, Collar (Japan) 5649:w/ palm (France) 5158:US service medals 5123:oak leaf clusters 4987:national memorial 4949:Eisenhower dollar 4920:Eisenhower Tunnel 4881:Philadelphia Mint 4798:five-star general 4790:Douglas MacArthur 4718:John Lewis Gaddis 4695:nuclear arms race 4691:1960 U-2 incident 4652:Legacy and memory 4593:of West Germany, 4583:Charles de Gaulle 4518:Henry B. Gonzalez 4440: 4403:security detail. 4380:End of presidency 4323:Paul Dudley White 4265:Eisenhower began 4134:Lyndon B. Johnson 4123:Bricker Amendment 4007:. They protected 3953:national security 3900:prisoner exchange 3866:Nikita Khrushchev 3855:Soviet government 3793:1960 U-2 incident 3786:1960 U-2 incident 3667:Concordat of 1953 3645:Spanish dictator 3421:human spaceflight 3406:strategic bombers 3375:Nikita Khrushchev 3333:Eisenhower dollar 3302:terrorist attacks 3294:Fulgencio Batista 3274:nationalized the 3225:Bricker Amendment 3214:1960 U-2 incident 3041: 2994:nuclear arms race 2986:electrical energy 2776:George Washington 2696: 2624:William T. R. Fox 2560:Crusade in Europe 2405:Geneva Convention 2385:Frankfurt am Main 2282:Charles de Gaulle 2278:Winston Churchill 2159:French resistance 2110: 2030:'s move into the 1977:Rock of Gibraltar 1831:Winston Churchill 1783:George V. Moseley 1771:Milton Eisenhower 1742:Panama Canal Zone 1734:Douglas MacArthur 1532:George Washington 1379:Frederick Funston 1341:Joseph L. Bristow 1308:, later known as 1241:Lecompton, Kansas 1210:Family background 1188:military spending 1170:, escalating the 1105:Nikita Khrushchev 1015:. Eisenhower won 982:military governor 966:brigadier general 946:Jehovah's Witness 841: 840: 814: 737:Battle of Remagen 705:Operation Dragoon 686:Normandy landings 643:Tunisian campaign 480:Eisenhower family 293:Military Governor 261:J. Lawton Collins 18:Dwight Eisenhower 16:(Redirected from 26324: 25874: 25873: 25872: 25862: 25861: 25860: 25850: 25849: 25838: 25837: 25826: 25825: 25824: 25814: 25813: 25812: 25802: 25801: 25800: 25790: 25789: 25788: 25781: 25656:US Supreme Court 25573: 25572: 25517: 25516: 25295:MacArthur (1964) 25172: 25171: 25133: 25126: 25119: 25110: 25109: 25080:Aftab Ahmad Khan 25004: 24997: 24990: 24981: 24980: 24969:Richard Sakakida 24917:Officer (Pinuno) 24859:Napoleon G. Rama 24766:Ferdinand Marcos 24751:Francisco Franco 24733:Hassanal Bolkiah 24728:Emilio Aguinaldo 24713: 24703: 24693: 24686: 24679: 24670: 24669: 24659: 24651: 24639: 24631: 24619: 24611: 24609: 24582: 24574: 24566: 24558: 24556: 24540: 24532: 24524: 24516: 24508: 24500: 24492: 24484: 24476: 24474: 24457: 24449: 24441: 24439: 24422: 24419:Rudolph Giuliani 24403: 24395: 24387: 24375: 24367: 24359: 24351: 24343: 24341: 24320: 24312: 24304: 24296: 24288: 24280: 24272: 24264: 24256: 24248: 24236: 24228: 24220: 24212: 24204: 24196: 24188: 24169: 24167: 24153:Billie Jean King 24119:American Women: 24114: 24106: 24098: 24086: 24078: 24070: 24062: 24060: 24040: 24032: 24024: 24016: 24008: 24000: 23992: 23984: 23982: 23964:William Shockley 23940:Joshua Lederberg 23936:Donald A. Glaser 23917: 23909: 23901: 23893: 23885: 23877: 23869: 23861: 23853: 23834: 23826: 23818: 23810: 23802: 23794: 23786: 23778: 23770: 23762: 23754: 23746: 23738: 23730: 23718: 23710: 23702: 23694: 23686: 23678: 23670: 23662: 23654: 23646: 23618: 23611: 23604: 23595: 23594: 23584: 23576: 23571: 23563: 23555: 23553:Condoleezza Rice 23547: 23538: 23526: 23518: 23510: 23502: 23490: 23482: 23470: 23458: 23453: 23445: 23437: 23429: 23421: 23416: 23408: 23400: 23392: 23384: 23376: 23374:Thomas S. Murphy 23368: 23360: 23358:Donald R. Keough 23352: 23344: 23342:Thomas H. Moorer 23336: 23328: 23326:Clinton E. Frank 23320: 23318:Charles R. Meyer 23312: 23304: 23299: 23291: 23283: 23255: 23247: 23239: 23231: 23223: 23215: 23210: 23202: 23200:Gerald B. Zornow 23194: 23186: 23178: 23170: 23162: 23154: 23149: 23141: 23133: 23125: 23123:Donold B. Lourie 23117: 23109: 23101: 23093: 23081: 23073: 23051: 23044: 23037: 23028: 23027: 23017: 23009: 23001: 22993: 22985: 22977: 22969: 22967:Brooke-Marciniak 22961: 22953: 22945: 22937: 22929: 22921: 22913: 22905: 22897: 22889: 22881: 22873: 22865: 22857: 22849: 22841: 22833: 22825: 22817: 22809: 22801: 22793: 22785: 22777: 22769: 22761: 22753: 22745: 22737: 22729: 22721: 22713: 22705: 22697: 22689: 22679: 22671: 22663: 22655: 22647: 22639: 22631: 22623: 22615: 22607: 22599: 22591: 22583: 22575: 22567: 22544: 22537: 22530: 22521: 22520: 22302: 22301: 22209: 22208: 22204:Democratic Party 22151: 22150: 22146:Republican Party 22121: 22114: 22107: 22098: 22097: 21937:Vincent Hallinan 21880: 21879: 21836:Alben W. Barkley 21787: 21786: 21782:Democratic Party 21699: 21698: 21694:Republican Party 21669: 21662: 21655: 21646: 21645: 21467: 21458: 21451: 21444: 21435: 21434: 21393:Gerald D. Morgan 21174: 21173: 21153:Marion B. Folsom 21147:Oveta Culp Hobby 21078:Ezra Taft Benson 21001:Attorney General 20934:Christian Herter 20913: 20912: 20881: 20880: 20858: 20851: 20844: 20835: 20834: 20821: 20820: 20811: 20810: 20450:William McKinley 20440:Grover Cleveland 20420:Grover Cleveland 20380:Ulysses S. Grant 20330:Millard Fillmore 20280:Martin Van Buren 20230:Thomas Jefferson 20185: 20178: 20171: 20162: 20161: 19915:Policy Committee 19891:House Conference 19881: 19880: 19564: 19563: 19121: 19120: 18541:2024 (Milwaukee) 18501:2016 (Cleveland) 18401:1996 (San Diego) 18101:1936 (Cleveland) 18041:1924 (Cleveland) 17821:1864 (Baltimore) 17721: 17720:Republican Party 17712: 17705: 17698: 17689: 17688: 17564: 17563: 17124: 17117: 17005:Senior Officer / 16989: 16982: 16975: 16966: 16965: 16955: 16947: 16939: 16931: 16923: 16915: 16907: 16899: 16891: 16883: 16878: 16870: 16855: 16846: 16839: 16832: 16823: 16822: 16810: 16809: 16779:People who have 16770:Preceded by 16765:Honorary titles 16738:Preceded by 16696:Preceded by 16662:Preceded by 16606:Preceded by 16597:George S. Patton 16552:Preceded by 16524:Preceded by 16516: 16515: 16504: 16503: 16489: 16488: 16357:Susan Eisenhower 16345:David Eisenhower 16242:Mount Eisenhower 15675: 15674: 15664:Executive Orders 15645:Farewell address 15441: 15433: 15425: 15417: 15392: 15385: 15378: 15369: 15368: 15354:Internet Archive 15242: 15186: 15167: 15145: 15132: 15120: 15106: 15095:. Random House. 15073: 15049: 14963: 14944: 14911:, Vol. 27, 1997. 14846: 14837: 14815: 14803: 14790:Bowie, Robert R. 14778: 14752: 14733:Weigley, Russell 14728: 14704: 14683: 14671: 14653: 14595:, Random House. 14588: 14576: 14565: 14536: 14515: 14504:. Random House. 14496: 14478: 14443: 14419: 14400: 14395:. Vol. II. 14387: 14376:Ambrose, Stephen 14351: 14350: 14336: 14330: 14329: 14325:Grinnell College 14316: 14310: 14309: 14308:. June 21, 1964. 14296: 14290: 14289: 14287: 14285: 14279: 14266: 14258: 14252: 14251: 14238: 14232: 14231: 14218: 14212: 14211: 14209: 14207: 14198:. Archived from 14188:(June 7, 1954). 14182: 14176: 14175: 14161: 14155: 14154: 14152: 14139: 14131: 14125: 14124: 14111: 14105: 14104: 14091: 14085: 14084: 14070: 14064: 14063: 14061: 14048: 14040: 14034: 14033: 14031: 14018: 14010: 14004: 14003: 14001: 13999: 13990:. Archived from 13978: 13972: 13971: 13969: 13967: 13958:. Archived from 13946: 13940: 13939: 13926: 13920: 13919: 13917: 13904: 13896: 13890: 13889: 13887: 13885: 13876:. Archived from 13866: 13860: 13859: 13857: 13855: 13838: 13832: 13831: 13829: 13827: 13812: 13803: 13802: 13800: 13798: 13777: 13771: 13770: 13768: 13766: 13756: 13749: 13743: 13742: 13734: 13728: 13727: 13725: 13723: 13717: 13710: 13702: 13696: 13695: 13693: 13691: 13682:. Archived from 13672: 13666: 13665: 13663: 13661: 13647: 13638: 13637: 13626: 13620: 13609: 13603: 13602: 13600: 13598: 13578: 13572: 13571: 13569: 13567: 13548: 13542: 13537: 13531: 13530: 13528: 13526: 13512: 13506: 13505: 13503: 13501: 13496:on June 29, 2009 13486: 13480: 13479: 13465: 13459: 13458: 13456: 13454: 13448: 13442:. Archived from 13437: 13429: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13418: 13403: 13397: 13396: 13394: 13392: 13372: 13366: 13365: 13348: 13342: 13341: 13339: 13337: 13332:. April 12, 1969 13322: 13316: 13315: 13313: 13311: 13292: 13286: 13285: 13267: 13256: 13255: 13253: 13251: 13246:on March 1, 2009 13236: 13230: 13229: 13227: 13225: 13219: 13208: 13200: 13194: 13184: 13182: 13180: 13161: 13155: 13153: 13151: 13149: 13138:"Public Law 482" 13134: 13128: 13127: 13107: 13101: 13094: 13088: 13087: 13077: 13071: 13070: 13042: 13033: 13015: 13009: 13008: 12968: 12962: 12961: 12959: 12957: 12942: 12936: 12935: 12895: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12884: 12865: 12859: 12858: 12856: 12854: 12831: 12825: 12824: 12819:. Archived from 12808: 12802: 12796: 12790: 12789: 12787: 12785: 12770: 12764: 12763: 12761: 12759: 12739: 12733: 12732: 12726: 12724: 12703: 12697: 12696: 12685: 12679: 12678: 12670: 12661: 12660: 12658: 12656: 12641: 12635: 12634: 12632: 12630: 12615: 12606: 12605: 12595: 12589: 12588: 12586: 12584: 12565: 12559: 12558: 12556: 12554: 12532: 12526: 12525: 12523: 12521: 12502: 12496: 12495: 12490: 12488: 12473: 12467: 12466: 12446: 12440: 12439: 12434: 12432: 12412: 12406: 12405: 12400: 12398: 12389:. Archived from 12376: 12370: 12369: 12364: 12362: 12339: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12313: 12302: 12299: 12293: 12292: 12290: 12288: 12269: 12263: 12256: 12250: 12249: 12247: 12245: 12230: 12219: 12216:Harold Macmillan 12212: 12206: 12205: 12203: 12201: 12186: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12175: 12159: 12153: 12152: 12146: 12144: 12128: 12122: 12121: 12119: 12117: 12101: 12095: 12094: 12088: 12086: 12070: 12064: 12058: 12052: 12046: 12040: 12033: 12027: 12009: 12003: 11996: 11990: 11983: 11977: 11976: 11974: 11972: 11953: 11943: 11937: 11936: 11934: 11932: 11912: 11906: 11899: 11893: 11892: 11885: 11879: 11872: 11863: 11857: 11851: 11845: 11839: 11833: 11827: 11821: 11815: 11809: 11803: 11797: 11791: 11785: 11779: 11773: 11767: 11761: 11755: 11749: 11743: 11737: 11728: 11722: 11716: 11710: 11704: 11703:, pp. 56–62 11698: 11692: 11686: 11680: 11679: 11673: 11671: 11665: 11658: 11647: 11641: 11640: 11635: 11633: 11613: 11607: 11606: 11600: 11598: 11592: 11585: 11574: 11565: 11564: 11558: 11556: 11536: 11530: 11529: 11527: 11525: 11506: 11500: 11497: 11491: 11490: 11470: 11464: 11463: 11443: 11437: 11431: 11425: 11419: 11413: 11407:Dudziak, Mary L. 11404: 11398: 11395: 11389: 11388: 11386: 11384: 11369: 11363: 11360: 11354: 11353: 11335: 11329: 11328: 11308: 11302: 11301: 11281: 11272: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11242: 11236: 11229: 11223: 11216: 11210: 11204: 11198: 11179: 11173: 11172: 11165: 11159: 11152: 11146: 11139: 11133: 11132: 11121: 11115: 11114: 11103:. Columbia U.P. 11094: 11088: 11082: 11076: 11070: 11064: 11057: 11048: 11042: 11036: 11030: 11024: 11018: 11012: 11001: 10995: 10994: 10972: 10961: 10960: 10940: 10934: 10928: 10922: 10921: 10899: 10890: 10884: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10863:(3/4): 221–249. 10848: 10842: 10836: 10830: 10824: 10815: 10814: 10778: 10772: 10766: 10760: 10759: 10719: 10713: 10710: 10704: 10701: 10695: 10690:Peter J. Roman, 10688: 10682: 10675: 10669: 10666: 10660: 10657: 10651: 10648: 10642: 10639: 10633: 10632: 10625: 10619: 10618: 10611: 10605: 10599: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10588: 10569: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10555: 10546:. Archived from 10536: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10525: 10516:. Archived from 10506: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10476: 10470: 10469: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10454:. July 16, 2014. 10448: 10442: 10436: 10430: 10424: 10418: 10412: 10406: 10400: 10394: 10393: 10391: 10389: 10366: 10360: 10354: 10348: 10342: 10336: 10335: 10315: 10309: 10308: 10303:. Archived from 10301:The Boston Globe 10292: 10286: 10285: 10265: 10259: 10258: 10238: 10232: 10231: 10229: 10227: 10218:. Archived from 10207: 10201: 10195: 10189: 10183: 10177: 10171: 10165: 10164:, pp. 20–25 10159: 10153: 10147: 10141: 10135: 10129: 10128: 10108: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10097: 10077: 10071: 10065: 10059: 10053: 10047: 10046: 10028: 10022: 10016: 10010: 9999: 9993: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9967:. Archived from 9956: 9943: 9937: 9931: 9925: 9919: 9913: 9907: 9901: 9895: 9889: 9883: 9877: 9871: 9865: 9859: 9853: 9847: 9841: 9835: 9829: 9820: 9814: 9805: 9799: 9793: 9787: 9781: 9775: 9769: 9763: 9757: 9751: 9745: 9739: 9733: 9727: 9718: 9712: 9706: 9700: 9694: 9688: 9679: 9672: 9666: 9660: 9651: 9638: 9632: 9626: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9609: 9602: 9594: 9588: 9582: 9576: 9575:, July 11, 2003. 9558: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9529: 9520: 9519: 9517: 9515: 9506:. Polish Radio. 9500: 9494: 9488: 9479: 9470:Richard Rhodes, 9468: 9462: 9456: 9450: 9444: 9438: 9432: 9426: 9420: 9414: 9407: 9401: 9394: 9388: 9382: 9376: 9370: 9364: 9358: 9352: 9345: 9339: 9333: 9327: 9321: 9315: 9310:William Safire, 9308: 9302: 9296: 9290: 9284: 9278: 9272: 9266: 9260: 9254: 9248: 9242: 9236: 9230: 9229: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9187: 9181: 9175: 9169: 9163: 9157: 9151: 9144: 9138: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9113: 9107: 9106: 9082: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9065: 9060: 9058: 9043: 9037: 9032: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9021: 9012:. Archived from 9002: 8996: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8978: 8972: 8971: 8963: 8957: 8956: 8951: 8949: 8943: 8936: 8928: 8922: 8921: 8913: 8907: 8901: 8895: 8888: 8882: 8881: 8879: 8877: 8858: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8811: 8805: 8799: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8773: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8747: 8741: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8720: 8714: 8695: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8668: 8662: 8661:, pp. 73–76 8656: 8650: 8649:, pp. 70–73 8644: 8638: 8637: 8629: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8567: 8561: 8555: 8549: 8543: 8537: 8531: 8525: 8524:, pp. 61–62 8519: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8485: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8434: 8428: 8427: 8409: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8389:. Archived from 8373: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8324: 8318: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8294: 8292: 8277: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8238:on June 5, 2012. 8237: 8226: 8220:Beckett, Wendy. 8217: 8208: 8207: 8199: 8193: 8192:, pp. 59–60 8187: 8181: 8180: 8165:(1st ed.). 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8127: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8097: 8091: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8065:. Archived from 8055: 8049: 8048: 8033:(1st ed.). 8026: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8007:on July 25, 2008 8003:. Archived from 7993: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7950:on July 17, 2007 7946:. Archived from 7944:Fort Sam Houston 7936: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7920:on July 17, 2007 7916:. Archived from 7914:Fort Sam Houston 7906: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7880: 7874: 7873:, pp. 44–48 7868: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7848:. Archived from 7838: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7762: 7756: 7749: 7743: 7736: 7730: 7713: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7672: 7666: 7655: 7647: 7641: 7634: 7628: 7621: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7566: 7560: 7554: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7514: 7508: 7502: 7496: 7495:, pp. 16–18 7490: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7455: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7428: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7406: 7391: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7331: 7322: 7301: 7298: 7292: 7289:Spanish Question 7285: 7175: 7160: 7145: 7130: 7113: 7096: 7079: 7062: 7053:: March 6, 1941 7043: 7028: 7013: 6996: 6981: 6964: 6949: 6940:: June 17, 1918 6930: 6915: 6904:First Lieutenant 6900: 6891:: June 12, 1915 6867: 6866: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6815:Grinnell College 6805: 6803: 6802: 6777: 6775: 6774: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6664: 6662: 6661: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6581:Washington, D.C. 6580: 6578: 6577: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6523: 6521: 6520: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6467: 6465: 6464: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6411: 6409: 6408: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6322:Northern Ireland 6321: 6319: 6318: 6294: 6293: 6287:Honorary degrees 6277: 6276: 6263: 6262: 6246: 6245: 6237:on June 12, 1945 6233: 6232: 6201: 6186:Order of Suvorov 6182: 6167:Order of Victory 6163: 6148: 6133: 6113: 6090: 6075: 6060: 6045: 6030: 6015: 6006:, (Philippines) 6000: 5985: 5970: 5955: 5940: 5925: 5910: 5895: 5880: 5865: 5853: 5838: 5823: 5804: 5790: 5775: 5760: 5745: 5726: 5711: 5696: 5677: 5658: 5643: 5628: 5613: 5602:Legion of Honour 5598: 5579: 5564:Order of Solomon 5560: 5545: 5530: 5515: 5496: 5481: 5466: 5451: 5439: 5427: 5412: 5397: 5382: 5372: 5371: 5363: 5352:Order of Leopold 5348: 5333: 5318: 5291: 5285: 5267: 5253: 5233: 5227: 5220: 5213: 5196: 5182: 5168: 5147: 5133: 5113: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5069: 5068: 5043:Order of Victory 4955:issued in 1990. 4844: 4835: 4709:from attacks by 4633:Government Issue 4441: 4366:pheochromocytoma 4242:Two states were 4127:Yalta Agreements 4072:William Knowland 4065: 4062: 3960:Washington, D.C. 3958:Eisenhower told 3647:Francisco Franco 3565:John W. O'Daniel 3557:French Indochina 3517:Operation Teapot 3371:Nikolai Bulganin 3367:Project Genetrix 3290:Cuban Revolution 3198:nuclear delivery 3149:Jawaharlal Nehru 3043: 3042: 3022: 2990:nuclear medicine 2868:Oveta Culp Hobby 2790:Election of 1956 2780:Ulysses S. Grant 2709:Yalta Conference 2697: 2676:Draft Eisenhower 2535:Jawaharlal Nehru 2397:prisoners of war 2393:Nuremberg Trials 2377:Southern Germany 2348:Nazi death camps 2344:Holocaust denial 2231: 2111: 2064:Tunisia Campaign 2036:Lloyd Fredendall 1951:Eisenhower as a 1914:Leonard T. Gerow 1855:Manuel L. Quezon 1799:Great Depression 1779:Army War College 1760:Fort Leavenworth 1730:John J. Pershing 1711:George S. Patton 1570:Alfred Gruenther 1512:Clifford Roberts 1395:Fort Sam Houston 1387:general officers 1364:Carlisle Indians 1286:Smoky Hill River 1192:deficit spending 1160:creation of NASA 1142:. He signed the 1037:federal deficits 940:, and raised in 885: 880: 879: 876: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 816: 815: 790: 657:Italian campaign 540:Military service 527: 508:Military officer 448: 446: 442: 384: 368:October 14, 1890 367: 365: 349:Personal details 338:George S. Patton 334: 324: 307: 281: 269: 242: 220: 208: 199: 177: 167: 138: 116: 104: 92: 81: 57: 43: 42: 32:David Eisenhower 21: 26332: 26331: 26327: 26326: 26325: 26323: 26322: 26321: 25882: 25881: 25880: 25870: 25868: 25858: 25856: 25844: 25832: 25822: 25820: 25810: 25808: 25798: 25796: 25786: 25784: 25776: 25774: 25769: 25768: 25763: 25749: 25726: 25722:O'Connor (2023) 25713:Ginsburg (2020, 25690:Blackmun (1999) 25672:Marshall (1993) 25655: 25648: 25558: 25554:Williams (2022) 25544:Sicknick (2021) 25502: 25481: 25463: 25445: 25432:Ginsburg (2020, 25427:Cummings (2019) 25413: 25334:Humphrey (1978) 25268:Pershing (1948) 25237:L'Enfant (1909) 25161: 25152: 25137: 25107: 25102: 25084:Graeme Matheson 25060: 25014: 25008: 24978: 24973: 24959:Geronima Pecson 24939: 24933: 24912: 24881: 24869: 24863: 24834:Gilbert Teodoro 24826: 24825:Grand Commander 24820: 24747:Leonardo Espina 24738:Chiang Kai-shek 24720: 24719:Chief Commander 24714: 24697: 24667: 24662: 24654: 24642: 24634: 24622: 24614: 24589:Jamal Khashoggi 24587:The Guardians: 24586: 24585: 24577: 24569: 24561: 24544: 24543: 24535: 24527: 24519: 24513:Mark Zuckerberg 24511: 24503: 24495: 24487: 24479: 24461: 24460: 24452: 24444: 24437:Sherron Watkins 24426: 24425: 24417: 24406: 24398: 24390: 24378: 24370: 24362: 24354: 24346: 24324: 24323: 24315: 24307: 24299: 24291: 24283: 24275: 24267: 24259: 24253:Peter Ueberroth 24251: 24239: 24231: 24223: 24215: 24207: 24199: 24191: 24183: 24172: 24125:Kathleen Byerly 24118: 24117: 24109: 24101: 24091:Henry Kissinger 24089: 24081: 24073: 24065: 24044: 24043: 24035: 24027: 24019: 24011: 24003: 23997:Pope John XXIII 23995: 23989:John F. Kennedy 23987: 23980:Robert Woodward 23976:James Van Allen 23921: 23920: 23912: 23904: 23896: 23888: 23880: 23872: 23866:Konrad Adenauer 23864: 23856: 23848: 23837: 23829: 23821: 23815:Harry S. Truman 23813: 23807:George Marshall 23805: 23799:James F. Byrnes 23797: 23791:Harry S. Truman 23789: 23781: 23775:George Marshall 23773: 23765: 23757: 23749: 23741: 23733: 23723:Chiang Kai-shek 23721: 23713: 23705: 23697: 23691:Hugh S. Johnson 23689: 23681: 23673: 23667:Mohandas Gandhi 23665: 23657: 23651:Walter Chrysler 23649: 23641: 23630: 23622: 23592: 23587: 23579: 23574: 23566: 23558: 23550: 23541: 23529: 23521: 23513: 23505: 23493: 23485: 23473: 23461: 23456: 23448: 23440: 23432: 23424: 23419: 23411: 23403: 23398:Jackie Robinson 23395: 23387: 23379: 23371: 23363: 23355: 23347: 23339: 23331: 23323: 23315: 23307: 23302: 23294: 23286: 23258: 23250: 23245:Walter J. Zable 23242: 23234: 23226: 23221:Louis H. Wilson 23218: 23213: 23205: 23197: 23189: 23181: 23173: 23165: 23157: 23152: 23144: 23136: 23128: 23120: 23112: 23104: 23099:John F. Kennedy 23096: 23084: 23076: 23068: 23060: 23055: 23025: 23020: 23012: 23004: 22996: 22988: 22980: 22972: 22964: 22956: 22948: 22940: 22932: 22924: 22916: 22908: 22900: 22892: 22884: 22876: 22868: 22860: 22852: 22844: 22836: 22828: 22820: 22812: 22804: 22796: 22788: 22780: 22772: 22764: 22756: 22748: 22740: 22732: 22724: 22716: 22708: 22700: 22692: 22682: 22674: 22666: 22658: 22650: 22642: 22634: 22626: 22618: 22610: 22602: 22594: 22586: 22578: 22570: 22562: 22554: 22548: 22518: 22513: 22487: 22459: 22430: 22407:Socialist Party 22401: 22396:Georgia Cozzini 22372: 22343: 22314: 22292: 22225: 22194: 22167: 22140: 22125: 22095: 22090: 22064: 22029: 22000: 21977:Socialist Party 21971: 21950: 21921: 21908:Stuart Hamblen 21892: 21870: 21851:Hubert Humphrey 21803: 21772: 21748:Riley A. Bender 21715: 21688: 21673: 21643: 21638: 21469: 21465: 21462: 21432: 21423: 21412:Maxwell M. Rabb 21398: 21373: 21348: 21329: 21310: 21285: 21274:Arthur Flemming 21260: 21241: 21216: 21179: 21164: 21159:Arthur Flemming 21133: 21108: 21083: 21064: 21039: 21020: 20995: 20984:Neil H. McElroy 20964: 20939: 20914: 20910: 20905: 20886: 20875: 20862: 20832: 20827: 20799: 20725:F. D. Roosevelt 20677: 20671: 20670: 20669: 20550:John F. Kennedy 20530:Harry S. Truman 20500:Calvin Coolidge 20360:Abraham Lincoln 20340:Franklin Pierce 20200: 20194: 20189: 20159: 20154: 20109: 20062: 20056: 19992: 19986: 19954: 19948: 19875: 19864: 19823: 19559: 19557: 19544: 19493:Chair elections 19488: 19110: 19009:D. B. Henderson 18997:T. J. Henderson 18922: 18919: 18917: 18912: 18908: 18901: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18711: 18704: 18577:administrations 18575: 18567: 18461:2008 (St. Paul) 18441:2004 (New York) 17786: 17783: 17781: 17777: 17774: 17770: 17763: 17723: 17719: 17716: 17686: 17681: 17674: 17575: 17561: 17556: 17348: 17131:Chiefs of Staff 17125: 17119: 17118: 17109: 17006: 16999: 16995:Leaders of the 16993: 16963: 16958: 16950: 16942: 16934: 16926: 16918: 16910: 16904:Tim Griesenbeck 16902: 16894: 16886: 16882:J. Kraus (1924) 16881: 16873: 16865: 16857: 16853: 16850: 16815: 16807: 16802: 16797: 16795:Everett Dirksen 16788: 16775: 16760: 16758:John F. Kennedy 16751: 16743: 16741:Harry S. Truman 16728: 16713: 16701: 16699:Thomas E. Dewey 16686: 16684:Grayson L. Kirk 16677: 16669: 16667: 16652: 16650:Matthew Ridgway 16643: 16628: 16619: 16611: 16609:George Marshall 16601: 16599: 16590: 16575: 16566: 16557: 16555:Jacob L. Devers 16547: 16538: 16529: 16509: 16501: 16496: 16460: 16410: 16365:(granddaughter) 16359:(granddaughter) 16353:(granddaughter) 16351:Anne Eisenhower 16339:John Eisenhower 16319: 16275:Eisenhower Tree 16262: 16256: 16237:Fort Eisenhower 16121: 16070: 16047: 15817:Domestic policy 15812: 15758:Restricted Data 15753:Atoms for Peace 15731:New Look policy 15673: 15549: 15541: 15475:Operation Torch 15460:Military career 15451: 15444: 15436: 15428: 15420: 15409: 15401: 15396: 15270: 15265: 15193: 15191:Primary sources 15183: 15164: 15129: 15121:. Basic Books. 15103: 15087: 15085:General history 15070: 15046: 15038:. Ivan R. Dee. 14991:Facts on File. 14960: 14941: 14897:. Basic Books. 14834: 14812: 14785: 14783:Civilian career 14775: 14749: 14701: 14693:. NAL/Caliber. 14680: 14672:. NAL/Caliber. 14650: 14585: 14562: 14544: 14542:Military career 14533: 14525:. Times Books. 14512: 14475: 14440: 14416: 14382:. Vol. I. 14371: 14365: 14359: 14354: 14345:Ohio University 14338: 14337: 14333: 14318: 14317: 14313: 14298: 14297: 14293: 14283: 14281: 14277: 14264: 14260: 14259: 14255: 14240: 14239: 14235: 14220: 14219: 14215: 14205: 14203: 14183: 14179: 14163: 14162: 14158: 14150: 14137: 14133: 14132: 14128: 14113: 14112: 14108: 14093: 14092: 14088: 14080:Yale University 14072: 14071: 14067: 14059: 14046: 14042: 14041: 14037: 14029: 14016: 14012: 14011: 14007: 13997: 13995: 13980: 13979: 13975: 13965: 13963: 13948: 13947: 13943: 13928: 13927: 13923: 13915: 13902: 13898: 13897: 13893: 13883: 13881: 13868: 13867: 13863: 13853: 13851: 13840: 13839: 13835: 13825: 13823: 13814: 13813: 13806: 13796: 13794: 13779: 13778: 13774: 13764: 13762: 13761:. 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April 1, 1969 12705: 12704: 12700: 12686: 12682: 12671: 12664: 12654: 12652: 12643: 12642: 12638: 12628: 12626: 12617: 12616: 12609: 12596: 12592: 12582: 12580: 12573:Chicago Tribune 12567: 12566: 12562: 12552: 12550: 12533: 12529: 12519: 12517: 12504: 12503: 12499: 12486: 12484: 12483:on June 2, 2016 12475: 12474: 12470: 12463: 12447: 12443: 12430: 12428: 12413: 12409: 12396: 12394: 12377: 12373: 12360: 12358: 12341: 12340: 12336: 12326: 12324: 12323:on May 13, 2008 12315: 12314: 12305: 12300: 12296: 12286: 12284: 12271: 12270: 12266: 12257: 12253: 12243: 12241: 12232: 12231: 12222: 12213: 12209: 12199: 12197: 12188: 12187: 12183: 12173: 12171: 12160: 12156: 12142: 12140: 12129: 12125: 12115: 12113: 12102: 12098: 12084: 12082: 12071: 12067: 12059: 12055: 12047: 12043: 12034: 12030: 12024:Wayback Machine 12010: 12006: 11997: 11993: 11984: 11980: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11944: 11940: 11930: 11928: 11913: 11909: 11900: 11896: 11887: 11886: 11882: 11873: 11866: 11858: 11854: 11846: 11842: 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9858:, pp. 17ff 9854: 9850: 9842: 9838: 9830: 9823: 9815: 9808: 9800: 9796: 9788: 9784: 9776: 9772: 9764: 9760: 9752: 9748: 9740: 9736: 9728: 9721: 9713: 9709: 9701: 9697: 9689: 9682: 9673: 9669: 9661: 9654: 9639: 9635: 9627: 9623: 9613: 9611: 9607: 9600: 9596: 9595: 9591: 9583: 9579: 9569:Wayback Machine 9559: 9555: 9545: 9543: 9530: 9523: 9513: 9511: 9502: 9501: 9497: 9489: 9482: 9469: 9465: 9457: 9453: 9445: 9441: 9433: 9429: 9421: 9417: 9408: 9404: 9395: 9391: 9383: 9379: 9371: 9367: 9359: 9355: 9346: 9342: 9334: 9330: 9322: 9318: 9314:(2004), p. 1143 9309: 9305: 9297: 9293: 9285: 9281: 9273: 9269: 9261: 9257: 9249: 9245: 9237: 9233: 9226: 9206: 9202: 9194: 9190: 9182: 9178: 9170: 9166: 9158: 9154: 9148:An Army at Dawn 9145: 9141: 9131: 9129: 9114: 9110: 9103: 9083: 9079: 9073: 9069: 9056: 9054: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9033: 9029: 9019: 9017: 9004: 9003: 8999: 8994: 8990: 8979: 8975: 8964: 8960: 8947: 8945: 8941: 8934: 8930: 8929: 8925: 8914: 8910: 8902: 8898: 8889: 8885: 8875: 8873: 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6217: 6188:, First Class ( 5647:Croix de guerre 5549:Order of Ismail 5369:Croix de guerre 5293: 5292: 5286: 5235: 5234: 5228: 5221: 5214: 5151:Legion of Merit 5115: 5114: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5035: 5030: 5022:Fort Eisenhower 4895: 4889: 4857: 4856: 4855: 4854: 4847: 4846: 4845: 4837: 4836: 4802:Act of Congress 4794:Philip Sheridan 4756:Hans Morgenthau 4711:Joseph McCarthy 4654: 4617:Abilene, Kansas 4566:Capitol Rotunda 4542: 4530:Barry Goldwater 4481:in October 1965 4468: 4453:farewell speech 4435: 4429:John F. Kennedy 4382: 4342:small intestine 4338:Crohn's disease 4263: 4240: 4184: 4176:Main articles: 4174: 4169: 4146:Leonard W. Hall 4063: 4053: 4045:Communist Party 4040:lesbian and gay 3913: 3908: 3907: 3796: 3788: 3695: 3659:Francoist Spain 3639: 3633: 3569:Matthew Ridgway 3553: 3547: 3538:Washington Post 3430: 3400:based upon the 3325: 3319: 3314: 3313: 3278:, sparking the 3194:nuclear weapons 3173: 3161:Chiang Kai-shek 3129: 3101: 3065: 3064: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3036: 3033: 3026: 3020: 3015: 3009: 2982:nuclear fission 2974:Atoms for Peace 2970: 2960: 2958:Atoms for Peace 2907:Social Security 2848:Joseph M. Dodge 2844: 2837: 2831: 2798: 2792: 2738: 2734: 2689: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2600:James Forrestal 2565:David Pietrusza 2501: 2493:Thomas E. Dewey 2465: 2453:Greek Civil War 2445:Bolesław Bierut 2425: 2361: 2356: 2342:as propaganda ( 2238:21st Army Group 2232: 2229: 2206: 2146:Wallace Strobel 2105: 2103: 2097:forces 2 to 1. 2054:, commanded by 2050:to include the 1995:François Darlan 1945: 1929:James E. Chaney 1925:Army Air Forces 1921:Henry H. Arnold 1867: 1824:Philippine Army 1812: 1738:George Marshall 1715:Sereno E. Brett 1668: 1663: 1593: 1587: 1561:contract bridge 1536:Abraham Lincoln 1474:, Barbara Ann, 1456:John Eisenhower 1440:Fort Oglethorpe 1429:Valentine's Day 1421: 1415: 1270:Dwight L. Moody 1257: 1245:Lane University 1218: 1212: 1190:, particularly 1132:Joseph McCarthy 1128:Social Security 1079:. He supported 1061:Harry S. Truman 1057:New Look policy 1041:nuclear weapons 942:Abilene, Kansas 923:Operation Torch 883: 851: 847: 833: 832: 831: 830: 829: 827: 817: 810: 807: 794: 780:Legion of Merit 757: 756: 755: 720:Operation Queen 662:Operation Husky 631:Operation Torch 598: 575: 515: 471: 450: 438: 434: 414: 413:Other political 402:Political party 386: 382: 369: 363: 361: 360: 359: 332: 322: 317:Harry S. Truman 308: 303: 279: 267: 252:Harry S. Truman 243: 238: 224:Grayson L. Kirk 218: 206: 200: 195: 181:Matthew Ridgway 175: 165: 148:Harry S. Truman 139: 134: 120:John F. Kennedy 114: 108:Harry S. Truman 102: 88: 82: 77: 60: 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 26330: 26320: 26319: 26314: 26309: 26304: 26299: 26294: 26289: 26284: 26279: 26274: 26269: 26264: 26259: 26254: 26249: 26244: 26239: 26234: 26229: 26224: 26219: 26214: 26209: 26204: 26199: 26194: 26189: 26184: 26179: 26174: 26169: 26164: 26159: 26154: 26149: 26144: 26139: 26134: 26129: 26124: 26119: 26114: 26109: 26104: 26099: 26094: 26089: 26084: 26079: 26074: 26069: 26064: 26059: 26054: 26049: 26044: 26039: 26034: 26029: 26024: 26019: 26014: 26009: 26004: 25999: 25994: 25989: 25984: 25979: 25974: 25969: 25964: 25959: 25954: 25949: 25944: 25939: 25934: 25929: 25924: 25919: 25914: 25909: 25904: 25899: 25894: 25879: 25878: 25866: 25854: 25842: 25830: 25818: 25806: 25794: 25771: 25770: 25765: 25764: 25758: 25755: 25754: 25751: 25750: 25748: 25747: 25742: 25736: 25734: 25732:Senate Chamber 25728: 25727: 25725: 25724: 25719: 25710: 25708:Stevens (2019) 25705: 25700: 25692: 25687: 25685:Brennan (1997) 25682: 25674: 25669: 25660: 25658: 25650: 25649: 25647: 25646: 25634: 25626: 25618: 25610: 25598: 25590: 25581: 25579: 25570: 25568:Lain in repose 25564: 25563: 25560: 25559: 25557: 25556: 25551: 25546: 25541: 25536: 25531: 25525: 25523: 25514: 25508: 25507: 25504: 25503: 25501: 25500: 25491: 25489: 25483: 25482: 25480: 25479: 25473: 25471: 25465: 25464: 25462: 25461: 25455: 25453: 25447: 25446: 25444: 25443: 25438: 25429: 25423: 25421: 25415: 25414: 25412: 25411: 25406: 25401: 25396: 25384: 25379: 25374: 25362: 25350: 25345: 25336: 25331: 25323: 25318: 25316:Dirksen (1969) 25313: 25305: 25297: 25292: 25280: 25275: 25270: 25265: 25257: 25249: 25244: 25239: 25234: 25226: 25221: 25213: 25208: 25203: 25201:Stevens (1868) 25198: 25186: 25180: 25178: 25169: 25163: 25162: 25157: 25154: 25153: 25136: 25135: 25128: 25121: 25113: 25104: 25103: 25101: 25100: 25095: 25090: 25085: 25082: 25077: 25072: 25068: 25066: 25062: 25061: 25059: 25058: 25053: 25048: 25043: 25038: 25033: 25028: 25022: 25020: 25016: 25015: 25007: 25006: 24999: 24992: 24984: 24975: 24974: 24972: 24971: 24966: 24961: 24956: 24951: 24943: 24941: 24935: 24934: 24932: 24931: 24929:Manny Pacquiao 24926: 24920: 24918: 24914: 24913: 24911: 24910: 24905: 24903:Sotero Cabahug 24900: 24895: 24889: 24887: 24883: 24882: 24880: 24879: 24873: 24871: 24865: 24864: 24862: 24861: 24856: 24851: 24846: 24841: 24836: 24830: 24828: 24822: 24821: 24819: 24818: 24813: 24808: 24806:Lorenzo Tañada 24803: 24801:Achmad Sukarno 24798: 24793: 24788: 24783: 24778: 24773: 24768: 24763: 24758: 24756:José P. Laurel 24753: 24748: 24745: 24740: 24735: 24730: 24724: 24722: 24716: 24715: 24696: 24695: 24688: 24681: 24673: 24664: 24663: 24661: 24660: 24652: 24640: 24632: 24620: 24616:Greta Thunberg 24612: 24583: 24575: 24567: 24559: 24546:Ebola Fighters 24541: 24533: 24525: 24517: 24509: 24501: 24493: 24489:Vladimir Putin 24485: 24477: 24458: 24454:George W. Bush 24450: 24442: 24429:Cynthia Cooper 24423: 24414: 24412: 24408: 24407: 24405: 24404: 24400:George W. Bush 24396: 24388: 24376: 24368: 24360: 24352: 24344: 24335:Nelson Mandela 24331:F. W. de Klerk 24321: 24313: 24305: 24297: 24289: 24281: 24273: 24269:Corazon Aquino 24265: 24257: 24249: 24237: 24229: 24221: 24213: 24205: 24197: 24189: 24180: 24178: 24174: 24173: 24171: 24170: 24149:Barbara Jordan 24115: 24107: 24099: 24087: 24079: 24071: 24063: 24050:William Anders 24041: 24033: 24025: 24017: 24009: 24001: 23993: 23985: 23972:Charles Townes 23952:Edward Purcell 23928:Charles Draper 23918: 23910: 23902: 23894: 23886: 23882:Harlow Curtice 23878: 23870: 23862: 23854: 23845: 23843: 23839: 23838: 23836: 23835: 23827: 23819: 23811: 23803: 23795: 23787: 23779: 23771: 23763: 23755: 23747: 23739: 23731: 23727:Soong Mei-ling 23719: 23715:Wallis Simpson 23711: 23707:Haile Selassie 23703: 23695: 23687: 23679: 23671: 23663: 23655: 23647: 23638: 23636: 23632: 23631: 23621: 23620: 23613: 23606: 23598: 23589: 23588: 23586: 23585: 23577: 23572: 23564: 23561:Archie Manning 23556: 23548: 23539: 23527: 23519: 23511: 23503: 23491: 23483: 23480:Roger Staubach 23471: 23459: 23454: 23446: 23438: 23430: 23422: 23417: 23409: 23401: 23393: 23385: 23377: 23369: 23361: 23353: 23345: 23337: 23329: 23321: 23313: 23305: 23300: 23292: 23284: 23263:- All Honored 23256: 23253:Justin W. Dart 23248: 23240: 23232: 23224: 23216: 23211: 23203: 23195: 23187: 23179: 23171: 23163: 23155: 23150: 23142: 23134: 23131:Juan T. Trippe 23126: 23118: 23110: 23102: 23094: 23087:Herbert Hoover 23082: 23074: 23065: 23062: 23061: 23054: 23053: 23046: 23039: 23031: 23022: 23021: 23019: 23018: 23010: 23002: 22994: 22986: 22978: 22970: 22962: 22954: 22946: 22938: 22930: 22922: 22914: 22906: 22898: 22890: 22882: 22874: 22866: 22858: 22850: 22842: 22834: 22826: 22818: 22810: 22802: 22794: 22786: 22778: 22770: 22762: 22754: 22746: 22738: 22730: 22722: 22714: 22706: 22698: 22690: 22680: 22672: 22664: 22656: 22648: 22640: 22632: 22624: 22616: 22608: 22600: 22592: 22584: 22576: 22568: 22559: 22556: 22555: 22547: 22546: 22539: 22532: 22524: 22515: 22514: 22512: 22511: 22506: 22496: 22493: 22492: 22489: 22488: 22486: 22485: 22478: 22470: 22468: 22461: 22460: 22458: 22457: 22449: 22440: 22438: 22432: 22431: 22429: 22428: 22420: 22411: 22409: 22403: 22402: 22400: 22399: 22391: 22382: 22380: 22374: 22373: 22371: 22370: 22362: 22353: 22351: 22345: 22344: 22342: 22341: 22333: 22324: 22322: 22316: 22315: 22298: 22297: 22294: 22293: 22291: 22290: 22285: 22280: 22275: 22270: 22268:James C. Davis 22265: 22263:Happy Chandler 22260: 22258:John S. Battle 22251: 22250: 22247:Estes Kefauver 22242: 22233: 22231: 22227: 22226: 22224: 22223: 22218: 22212: 22206: 22200: 22199: 22196: 22195: 22193: 22192: 22184: 22175: 22173: 22169: 22168: 22166: 22165: 22160: 22154: 22148: 22142: 22141: 22124: 22123: 22116: 22109: 22101: 22092: 22091: 22089: 22088: 22083: 22073: 22070: 22069: 22066: 22065: 22063: 22062: 22055: 22048: 22040: 22038: 22031: 22030: 22028: 22027: 22019: 22010: 22008: 22002: 22001: 21999: 21998: 21990: 21981: 21979: 21973: 21972: 21970: 21969: 21960: 21958: 21952: 21951: 21949: 21948: 21945:Charlotta Bass 21940: 21931: 21929: 21923: 21922: 21920: 21919: 21911: 21902: 21900: 21894: 21893: 21876: 21875: 21872: 21871: 21869: 21868: 21863: 21861:Robert S. Kerr 21858: 21856:Estes Kefauver 21853: 21848: 21843: 21838: 21829: 21828: 21820: 21811: 21809: 21805: 21804: 21802: 21801: 21796: 21790: 21784: 21778: 21777: 21774: 21773: 21771: 21770: 21765: 21760: 21758:Harold Stassen 21755: 21750: 21741: 21740: 21732: 21723: 21721: 21717: 21716: 21714: 21713: 21708: 21702: 21696: 21690: 21689: 21672: 21671: 21664: 21657: 21649: 21640: 21639: 21632: 21631: 21625: 21619: 21613: 21607: 21601: 21595: 21589: 21583: 21577: 21571: 21565: 21559: 21553: 21547: 21541: 21535: 21529: 21523: 21517: 21511: 21505: 21499: 21493: 21487: 21481: 21474: 21471: 21470: 21461: 21460: 21453: 21446: 21438: 21429: 21428: 21425: 21424: 21422: 21421: 21415: 21408: 21406: 21400: 21399: 21397: 21396: 21390: 21387:Wilton Persons 21383: 21381: 21375: 21374: 21372: 21371: 21368:Wilton Persons 21365: 21358: 21356: 21350: 21349: 21347: 21346: 21343:John A. McCone 21339: 21337: 21331: 21330: 21328: 21327: 21320: 21318: 21312: 21311: 21309: 21308: 21302: 21295: 21293: 21287: 21286: 21284: 21283: 21277: 21270: 21268: 21262: 21261: 21259: 21258: 21255:Harold Stassen 21251: 21249: 21243: 21242: 21240: 21239: 21233: 21226: 21224: 21218: 21217: 21215: 21214: 21208: 21202: 21199:Rowland Hughes 21196: 21189: 21187: 21181: 21180: 21170: 21169: 21166: 21165: 21163: 21162: 21156: 21150: 21143: 21141: 21135: 21134: 21132: 21131: 21125: 21118: 21116: 21110: 21109: 21107: 21106: 21100: 21097:Sinclair Weeks 21093: 21091: 21085: 21084: 21082: 21081: 21074: 21072: 21066: 21065: 21063: 21062: 21059:Fred A. Seaton 21056: 21049: 21047: 21041: 21040: 21038: 21037: 21030: 21028: 21022: 21021: 21019: 21018: 21012: 21005: 21003: 20997: 20996: 20994: 20993: 20987: 20981: 20974: 20972: 20966: 20965: 20963: 20962: 20956: 20949: 20947: 20941: 20940: 20938: 20937: 20931: 20924: 20922: 20916: 20915: 20908: 20906: 20904: 20903: 20896: 20894: 20892:Vice President 20888: 20887: 20877: 20876: 20861: 20860: 20853: 20846: 20838: 20829: 20828: 20826: 20825: 20815: 20804: 20801: 20800: 20798: 20797: 20792: 20787: 20782: 20777: 20772: 20767: 20762: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20737: 20732: 20727: 20722: 20717: 20712: 20707: 20702: 20697: 20692: 20687: 20681: 20679: 20673: 20672: 20668: 20667: 20657: 20647: 20637: 20630:George W. Bush 20627: 20617: 20607: 20597: 20587: 20577: 20567: 20557: 20547: 20537: 20527: 20517: 20510:Herbert Hoover 20507: 20497: 20487: 20480:Woodrow Wilson 20477: 20467: 20457: 20447: 20437: 20427: 20417: 20407: 20397: 20387: 20377: 20370:Andrew Johnson 20367: 20357: 20350:James Buchanan 20347: 20337: 20327: 20320:Zachary Taylor 20317: 20307: 20297: 20287: 20277: 20270:Andrew Jackson 20267: 20257: 20247: 20237: 20227: 20217: 20206: 20205: 20204: 20202: 20199:Presidents and 20196: 20195: 20188: 20187: 20180: 20173: 20165: 20156: 20155: 20153: 20152: 20147: 20142: 20137: 20132: 20127: 20121: 20119: 20115: 20114: 20111: 20110: 20108: 20107: 20102: 20097: 20095:Liberty Caucus 20092: 20090:ConservAmerica 20087: 20082: 20077: 20072: 20066: 20064: 20058: 20057: 20055: 20054: 20049: 20044: 20039: 20034: 20029: 20024: 20019: 20014: 20009: 20008: 20007: 19996: 19994: 19988: 19987: 19985: 19984: 19979: 19974: 19969: 19964: 19958: 19956: 19950: 19949: 19947: 19946: 19945: 19944: 19939: 19934: 19929: 19927:Freedom Caucus 19919: 19918: 19917: 19907: 19906: 19905: 19900: 19887: 19885: 19878: 19870: 19869: 19866: 19865: 19863: 19862: 19860:Virgin Islands 19857: 19852: 19847: 19842: 19837: 19835:American Samoa 19831: 19829: 19825: 19824: 19822: 19821: 19816: 19811: 19806: 19801: 19796: 19791: 19786: 19781: 19776: 19771: 19769:South Carolina 19766: 19761: 19756: 19751: 19746: 19741: 19736: 19734:North Carolina 19731: 19726: 19721: 19716: 19711: 19706: 19701: 19696: 19691: 19686: 19681: 19676: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19646: 19641: 19636: 19631: 19626: 19621: 19616: 19611: 19606: 19601: 19596: 19591: 19586: 19581: 19576: 19570: 19568: 19561: 19550: 19549: 19546: 19545: 19543: 19542: 19537: 19532: 19527: 19522: 19517: 19512: 19507: 19502: 19496: 19494: 19490: 19489: 19487: 19486: 19481: 19476: 19471: 19466: 19461: 19452: 19447: 19442: 19437: 19432: 19427: 19422: 19417: 19412: 19407: 19402: 19393: 19388: 19383: 19378: 19373: 19368: 19363: 19358: 19353: 19348: 19343: 19338: 19333: 19328: 19323: 19318: 19313: 19308: 19303: 19298: 19293: 19288: 19283: 19278: 19273: 19268: 19263: 19258: 19253: 19248: 19243: 19238: 19233: 19228: 19223: 19218: 19213: 19208: 19203: 19198: 19193: 19188: 19183: 19178: 19173: 19168: 19163: 19158: 19153: 19148: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19127: 19125: 19118: 19112: 19111: 19109: 19108: 19102: 19096: 19090: 19084: 19078: 19072: 19066: 19060: 19054: 19048: 19042: 19036: 19030: 19024: 19018: 19012: 19006: 19000: 18994: 18988: 18982: 18976: 18970: 18964: 18958: 18952: 18946: 18940: 18934: 18927: 18925: 18903: 18902: 18900: 18899: 18893: 18887: 18881: 18875: 18869: 18863: 18857: 18851: 18845: 18839: 18833: 18827: 18821: 18815: 18809: 18803: 18797: 18791: 18785: 18779: 18773: 18767: 18761: 18755: 18749: 18743: 18737: 18731: 18724: 18722: 18706: 18705: 18703: 18702: 18696: 18690: 18684: 18678: 18672: 18666: 18660: 18654: 18648: 18642: 18636: 18630: 18624: 18618: 18612: 18606: 18600: 18594: 18588: 18581: 18579: 18569: 18568: 18566: 18565: 18562:2028 (Houston) 18558: 18557: 18556: 18538: 18537: 18536: 18518: 18517: 18516: 18498: 18497: 18496: 18478: 18477: 18476: 18458: 18457: 18456: 18438: 18437: 18436: 18418: 18417: 18416: 18398: 18397: 18396: 18381:1992 (Houston) 18378: 18377: 18376: 18358: 18357: 18356: 18338: 18337: 18336: 18321:1980 (Detroit) 18318: 18317: 18316: 18298: 18297: 18296: 18278: 18277: 18276: 18258: 18257: 18256: 18238: 18237: 18236: 18221:1960 (Chicago) 18218: 18217: 18216: 18198: 18197: 18196: 18181:1952 (Chicago) 18178: 18177: 18176: 18158: 18157: 18156: 18141:1944 (Chicago) 18138: 18137: 18136: 18118: 18117: 18116: 18098: 18097: 18096: 18081:1932 (Chicago) 18078: 18077: 18076: 18058: 18057: 18056: 18038: 18037: 18036: 18021:1920 (Chicago) 18018: 18017: 18016: 18001:1916 (Chicago) 17998: 17997: 17996: 17977:1912 (Chicago) 17974: 17964:1908 (Chicago) 17961: 17951:1904 (Chicago) 17948: 17935: 17922: 17909: 17899:1888 (Chicago) 17896: 17886:1884 (Chicago) 17883: 17873:1880 (Chicago) 17870: 17857: 17844: 17834:1868 (Chicago) 17831: 17818: 17808:1860 (Chicago) 17805: 17791: 17789: 17765: 17764: 17762: 17761: 17760: 17759: 17754: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17728: 17725: 17724: 17715: 17714: 17707: 17700: 17692: 17683: 17682: 17679: 17676: 17675: 17673: 17672: 17667: 17662: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17632: 17627: 17622: 17617: 17612: 17607: 17602: 17597: 17592: 17587: 17580: 17577: 17576: 17558: 17557: 17555: 17554: 17549: 17544: 17539: 17534: 17529: 17524: 17519: 17514: 17509: 17504: 17499: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17474: 17469: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17449: 17444: 17439: 17434: 17429: 17424: 17419: 17414: 17409: 17404: 17399: 17394: 17389: 17384: 17379: 17374: 17369: 17364: 17358: 17356: 17350: 17349: 17347: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17156: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17135: 17133: 17127: 17126: 17112: 17110: 17108: 17107: 17102: 17097: 17092: 17087: 17082: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17062: 17057: 17052: 17047: 17042: 17037: 17032: 17027: 17022: 17017: 17011: 17009: 17001: 17000: 16992: 16991: 16984: 16977: 16969: 16960: 16959: 16957: 16956: 16948: 16940: 16932: 16924: 16916: 16908: 16900: 16892: 16884: 16879: 16871: 16862: 16859: 16858: 16849: 16848: 16841: 16834: 16826: 16820: 16817: 16816: 16804: 16803: 16799: 16798: 16793: 16790: 16776: 16773:Herbert Hoover 16771: 16767: 16766: 16762: 16761: 16756: 16753: 16744: 16739: 16735: 16734: 16730: 16729: 16724: 16721: 16702: 16697: 16693: 16692: 16688: 16687: 16682: 16679: 16670: 16663: 16659: 16658: 16654: 16653: 16648: 16645: 16636: 16630: 16629: 16624: 16621: 16612: 16607: 16603: 16602: 16595: 16592: 16583: 16577: 16576: 16571: 16568: 16558: 16553: 16549: 16548: 16543: 16540: 16530: 16525: 16521: 16520: 16514: 16511: 16510: 16498: 16497: 16495: 16494: 16481: 16480: 16473: 16465: 16462: 16461: 16459: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16441: 16436: 16429: 16424: 16418: 16416: 16412: 16411: 16409: 16408: 16402: 16396: 16393:Roy Eisenhower 16390: 16384: 16378: 16372: 16366: 16360: 16354: 16348: 16342: 16336: 16329: 16327: 16321: 16320: 16318: 16317: 16309: 16301: 16293: 16285: 16277: 16272: 16266: 16264: 16258: 16257: 16255: 16254: 16249: 16244: 16239: 16234: 16229: 16224: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16198: 16197: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16151: 16150: 16140: 16135: 16129: 16127: 16123: 16122: 16120: 16119: 16114: 16109: 16104: 16099: 16094: 16089: 16084: 16078: 16076: 16072: 16071: 16069: 16068: 16059: 16057: 16053: 16052: 16049: 16048: 16046: 16045: 16039: 16034: 16029: 16023: 16022: 16021: 16016: 16005: 15999: 15993: 15987: 15981: 15976: 15975: 15974: 15969: 15959: 15953: 15947: 15941: 15940: 15939: 15934: 15924: 15918: 15912: 15911: 15910: 15905: 15895: 15890: 15889: 15888: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15867: 15866: 15861: 15851: 15845: 15839: 15833: 15827: 15820: 15818: 15814: 15813: 15811: 15810: 15804: 15803: 15802: 15791: 15786: 15780: 15774: 15773: 15772: 15770:Food for Peace 15762: 15761: 15760: 15755: 15745: 15744: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15713: 15707: 15702: 15701: 15700: 15689: 15683: 15681: 15679:Foreign policy 15672: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15655: 15654: 15642: 15641: 15640: 15630: 15625: 15624: 15623: 15618: 15613: 15608: 15603: 15598: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15557: 15555: 15543: 15542: 15540: 15539: 15534: 15533: 15532: 15527: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15456: 15454: 15446: 15445: 15443: 15442: 15434: 15426: 15418: 15406: 15403: 15402: 15395: 15394: 15387: 15380: 15372: 15366: 15365: 15356: 15347: 15338: 15322: 15313: 15307: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15269: 15268:External links 15266: 15264: 15263: 15256: 15250: 15243: 15234: 15225: 15215: 15201: 15192: 15189: 15188: 15187: 15181: 15168: 15162: 15146: 15133: 15127: 15107: 15101: 15086: 15083: 15082: 15081: 15074: 15068: 15050: 15044: 15026: 15012: 15010:978-0385523530 14999: 14985: 14971: 14964: 14958: 14945: 14939: 14926: 14912: 14905: 14888: 14886:978-0300181050 14874: 14867: 14853: 14847: 14838: 14833:978-0804758079 14832: 14816: 14810: 14784: 14781: 14780: 14779: 14774:978-0713412123 14773: 14753: 14747: 14729: 14705: 14700:978-0451414571 14699: 14684: 14679:978-0451232120 14678: 14661: 14654: 14648: 14633: 14624:Hatch, Alden. 14622: 14613:, Free Press. 14604: 14589: 14583: 14566: 14560: 14543: 14540: 14539: 14538: 14531: 14516: 14511:978-1400066933 14510: 14497: 14480: 14473: 14458: 14444: 14438: 14420: 14414: 14401: 14388: 14370: 14367: 14366: 14361:Main article: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14352: 14331: 14311: 14291: 14253: 14233: 14213: 14177: 14156: 14126: 14106: 14086: 14065: 14035: 14005: 13973: 13941: 13921: 13891: 13861: 13833: 13822:. July 5, 2008 13804: 13772: 13744: 13729: 13697: 13667: 13639: 13621: 13604: 13573: 13543: 13532: 13507: 13481: 13460: 13424: 13398: 13367: 13343: 13317: 13287: 13281:978-1511786744 13280: 13257: 13240:"Our Heritage" 13231: 13211:legisworks.org 13195: 13156: 13129: 13122: 13102: 13089: 13072: 13034: 13010: 12963: 12937: 12910:(3): 453–473. 12890: 12860: 12846: 12826: 12803: 12791: 12765: 12734: 12712:The Desert Sun 12698: 12680: 12662: 12636: 12607: 12590: 12560: 12527: 12497: 12468: 12462:978-0738559643 12461: 12441: 12421:Civil War Blog 12407: 12371: 12357:on May 3, 2006 12334: 12303: 12294: 12264: 12251: 12220: 12207: 12181: 12154: 12123: 12096: 12065: 12053: 12041: 12035:R.H. Ferrell, 12028: 12004: 11991: 11978: 11965:978-0316217279 11964: 11938: 11907: 11894: 11880: 11864: 11852: 11840: 11828: 11816: 11804: 11792: 11780: 11768: 11756: 11744: 11729: 11717: 11705: 11693: 11681: 11642: 11608: 11566: 11531: 11501: 11492: 11486:978-1416541509 11485: 11465: 11454:(2): 137–154. 11438: 11426: 11414: 11399: 11390: 11364: 11355: 11349:978-0415097475 11348: 11330: 11303: 11273: 11260: 11245:Lahav, Pnina. 11237: 11224: 11211: 11199: 11174: 11160: 11147: 11134: 11116: 11110:978-0231515337 11109: 11089: 11077: 11065: 11049: 11037: 11025: 11013: 10996: 10989: 10979:. Ithaca, NY: 10962: 10951:(2): 329–348. 10935: 10923: 10916: 10891: 10876: 10843: 10831: 10816: 10773: 10761: 10714: 10705: 10696: 10683: 10670: 10661: 10652: 10643: 10634: 10620: 10606: 10594: 10561: 10531: 10501: 10471: 10457: 10443: 10431: 10419: 10407: 10395: 10382:978-0679644293 10381: 10361: 10349: 10337: 10330: 10310: 10287: 10281:978-1623768300 10280: 10260: 10254:978-1439190913 10253: 10233: 10202: 10190: 10178: 10166: 10154: 10142: 10130: 10124:978-0226092546 10123: 10103: 10072: 10060: 10048: 10042:978-0226825724 10041: 10023: 10011: 9994: 9982: 9944: 9932: 9920: 9908: 9896: 9884: 9872: 9860: 9848: 9836: 9821: 9806: 9794: 9782: 9770: 9758: 9746: 9734: 9719: 9707: 9695: 9680: 9667: 9652: 9633: 9621: 9589: 9577: 9553: 9521: 9495: 9480: 9463: 9451: 9439: 9427: 9415: 9402: 9389: 9377: 9365: 9353: 9351:(2012) p. 451. 9340: 9328: 9316: 9303: 9291: 9279: 9267: 9255: 9243: 9231: 9225:978-1439175668 9224: 9200: 9188: 9176: 9164: 9152: 9150:, pp. 251–252. 9139: 9108: 9101: 9077: 9067: 9038: 9027: 8997: 8988: 8973: 8958: 8923: 8908: 8896: 8883: 8869: 8840: 8826: 8806: 8794: 8768: 8742: 8730: 8715: 8690: 8663: 8651: 8639: 8624: 8612: 8600: 8588: 8562: 8550: 8538: 8526: 8514: 8480: 8469:. June 3, 2019 8454: 8448:978-0679644293 8447: 8429: 8423:978-1845457211 8422: 8404: 8368: 8337: 8325: 8313: 8301: 8272: 8241: 8209: 8194: 8182: 8175: 8153: 8122: 8105:Sigma Beta Chi 8092: 8080: 8050: 8043: 8018: 7988: 7961: 7931: 7901: 7875: 7863: 7830: 7798: 7786: 7774: 7757: 7744: 7742:(Autumn 1998). 7740:Kansas History 7731: 7705: 7693: 7681: 7642: 7629: 7613: 7599: 7579: 7567: 7555: 7543: 7529: 7509: 7497: 7482: 7468: 7450: 7412: 7381: 7351: 7334:Kansas History 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7293: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7198: 7189: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7176: 7168: 7167: 7161: 7153: 7152: 7146: 7138: 7137: 7131: 7123: 7122: 7114: 7106: 7105: 7097: 7089: 7088: 7080: 7072: 7071: 7063: 7055: 7054: 7044: 7036: 7035: 7029: 7021: 7020: 7014: 7006: 7005: 6997: 6989: 6988: 6982: 6974: 6973: 6965: 6957: 6956: 6950: 6942: 6941: 6931: 6923: 6922: 6916: 6908: 6907: 6901: 6893: 6892: 6882: 6878: 6877: 6871: 6864: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6820:Doctor of Laws 6817: 6812: 6807: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6683: 6682: 6679: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6570: 6569: 6566: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6336:Doctor of Laws 6333: 6328: 6323: 6311: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6269: 6255: 6238: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6202: 6194: 6193: 6183: 6175: 6174: 6164: 6156: 6155: 6149: 6141: 6140: 6134: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6117:Order of Merit 6114: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6100: 6091: 6083: 6082: 6079:Order of Glory 6076: 6068: 6067: 6061: 6053: 6052: 6046: 6038: 6037: 6031: 6023: 6022: 6016: 6008: 6007: 6001: 5993: 5992: 5986: 5978: 5977: 5971: 5963: 5962: 5956: 5948: 5947: 5941: 5933: 5932: 5926: 5918: 5917: 5911: 5903: 5902: 5896: 5888: 5887: 5881: 5873: 5872: 5866: 5858: 5857: 5854: 5846: 5845: 5839: 5831: 5830: 5824: 5816: 5815: 5805: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5783: 5782: 5776: 5768: 5767: 5761: 5753: 5752: 5746: 5738: 5737: 5727: 5719: 5718: 5712: 5704: 5703: 5697: 5689: 5688: 5678: 5670: 5669: 5659: 5651: 5650: 5644: 5636: 5635: 5632:Military Medal 5629: 5621: 5620: 5614: 5606: 5605: 5599: 5591: 5590: 5580: 5572: 5571: 5561: 5553: 5552: 5546: 5538: 5537: 5531: 5523: 5522: 5516: 5508: 5507: 5504:Czechoslovakia 5497: 5489: 5488: 5482: 5474: 5473: 5467: 5459: 5458: 5455:Order of Merit 5452: 5444: 5443: 5440: 5432: 5431: 5428: 5420: 5419: 5413: 5405: 5404: 5403:, Grand Cross 5398: 5390: 5389: 5383: 5375: 5374: 5364: 5356: 5355: 5349: 5341: 5340: 5334: 5326: 5325: 5319: 5311: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5294: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5268: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5246: 5245: 5243:campaign stars 5236: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5197: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5161: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5126: 5125: 5116: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5081: 5080: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 4968:Buddha Records 4891:Main article: 4888: 4885: 4879:, through the 4851:Frank Gasparro 4849: 4848: 4839: 4838: 4830: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4768:Lyndon Johnson 4653: 4650: 4541: 4538: 4467: 4464: 4401:Secret Service 4390:two-term limit 4388:, which set a 4381: 4378: 4356:12, 1966, his 4350:gin-and-tonics 4262: 4259: 4258: 4257: 4254: 4239: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4227:Potter Stewart 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4140:in the House. 4091:hydrogen bombs 4052: 4049: 4032:Lavender Scare 3912: 3909: 3797: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3694: 3691: 3637:Pact of Madrid 3635:Main article: 3632: 3629: 3594:In late 1954, 3546: 3545:Southeast Asia 3543: 3529:New York Times 3429: 3426: 3318: 3315: 3257:Southeast Asia 3202:major uprising 3174: 3166: 3128: 3127:Foreign policy 3125: 3100: 3097: 3055: 3045: 3034: 3029: 3028: 3027: 3018: 3017: 3016: 3011:Main article: 3008: 3005: 2976:speech to the 2959: 2956: 2856:Lucius D. Clay 2833:Main article: 2830: 2827: 2794:Main article: 2791: 2788: 2772:James Buchanan 2736: 2732: 2714:anti-communist 2680:Robert A. Taft 2649:Main article: 2646: 2643: 2555:Phi Beta Kappa 2549:university in 2500: 2497: 2469:Merlo J. Pusey 2464: 2461: 2424: 2421: 2417:fraternization 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2317:Czechoslovakia 2297:Army Air Force 2286:Marshal Zhukov 2227: 2205: 2202: 2163:Ernest J. King 2102: 2099: 2083:Italian leader 2032:Kasserine Pass 1983:in 200 years. 1944: 1941: 1891:Walter Krueger 1866: 1863: 1843:Jesus Villamor 1811: 1808: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1621:65th Engineers 1586: 1583: 1574:Ely Culbertson 1458:, was born in 1450:, who died of 1417:Main article: 1414: 1411: 1300:) sect of the 1294:River Brethren 1256: 1253: 1211: 1208: 1200:his presidency 1122:who continued 1049:nuclear attack 1011:, who opposed 1009:Robert A. Taft 938:Denison, Texas 911:five-star rank 839: 838: 835: 834: 818: 808: 803: 802: 801: 800: 799: 796: 795: 793: 792: 782: 777: 772: 765: 763: 759: 758: 754: 753: 748: 747: 746: 741: 740: 739: 729: 724: 723: 722: 717: 707: 702: 701: 700: 695: 694: 693: 678: 677: 676: 675: 674: 664: 654: 653: 652: 651: 650: 640: 639: 638: 618: 613: 612: 611: 600: 599: 594: 593: 591: 587: 586: 581: 577: 576: 574: 573: 570: 566: 564: 560: 559: 554: 553:Branch/service 550: 549: 546: 542: 541: 537: 536: 533: 529: 528: 521: 517: 516: 514: 513: 510: 504: 502: 498: 497: 487: 483: 482: 477: 473: 472: 470: 469: 464: 458: 456: 452: 451: 436: 430: 429: 427: 423: 422: 416: 410: 409: 403: 399: 398: 393: 389: 388: 385:(aged 78) 381:March 28, 1969 379: 375: 374: 371:Denison, Texas 357: 355: 351: 350: 346: 345: 342: 341: 335: 329: 328: 325: 319: 318: 315: 311: 310: 300: 299: 288: 287: 282: 276: 275: 270: 264: 263: 258: 254: 253: 250: 246: 245: 235: 234: 227: 226: 221: 215: 214: 209: 203: 202: 192: 191: 184: 183: 178: 172: 171: 168: 162: 161: 156: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 131: 130: 123: 122: 117: 111: 110: 105: 99: 98: 93: 90:Vice President 85: 84: 74: 73: 66: 65: 62: 61: 58: 50: 49: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 26329: 26318: 26315: 26313: 26310: 26308: 26305: 26303: 26300: 26298: 26295: 26293: 26290: 26288: 26285: 26283: 26280: 26278: 26275: 26273: 26270: 26268: 26265: 26263: 26260: 26258: 26255: 26253: 26250: 26248: 26245: 26243: 26240: 26238: 26235: 26233: 26230: 26228: 26225: 26223: 26220: 26218: 26215: 26213: 26210: 26208: 26205: 26203: 26200: 26198: 26195: 26193: 26190: 26188: 26185: 26183: 26180: 26178: 26175: 26173: 26170: 26168: 26165: 26163: 26160: 26158: 26155: 26153: 26150: 26148: 26145: 26143: 26140: 26138: 26135: 26133: 26130: 26128: 26125: 26123: 26120: 26118: 26115: 26113: 26110: 26108: 26105: 26103: 26100: 26098: 26095: 26093: 26090: 26088: 26085: 26083: 26080: 26078: 26075: 26073: 26070: 26068: 26065: 26063: 26060: 26058: 26055: 26053: 26050: 26048: 26045: 26043: 26040: 26038: 26035: 26033: 26030: 26028: 26025: 26023: 26020: 26018: 26015: 26013: 26010: 26008: 26005: 26003: 26000: 25998: 25995: 25993: 25990: 25988: 25985: 25983: 25980: 25978: 25975: 25973: 25970: 25968: 25965: 25963: 25960: 25958: 25955: 25953: 25950: 25948: 25945: 25943: 25940: 25938: 25935: 25933: 25930: 25928: 25925: 25923: 25920: 25918: 25915: 25913: 25910: 25908: 25905: 25903: 25900: 25898: 25895: 25893: 25890: 25889: 25887: 25877: 25876:United States 25867: 25865: 25855: 25853: 25848: 25843: 25841: 25836: 25831: 25829: 25819: 25817: 25807: 25805: 25795: 25793: 25783: 25782: 25779: 25761: 25756: 25746: 25743: 25741: 25738: 25737: 25735: 25733: 25729: 25723: 25720: 25717: 25714: 25711: 25709: 25706: 25704: 25703:Scalia (2016) 25701: 25699: 25697: 25693: 25691: 25688: 25686: 25683: 25681: 25679: 25675: 25673: 25670: 25668: 25666: 25662: 25661: 25659: 25657: 25651: 25644: 25641: 25639: 25635: 25633: 25631: 25627: 25625: 25623: 25619: 25617: 25615: 25611: 25608: 25605: 25603: 25599: 25597: 25595: 25591: 25589: 25587: 25583: 25582: 25580: 25578: 25574: 25571: 25569: 25565: 25555: 25552: 25550: 25547: 25545: 25542: 25540: 25539:Graham (2018) 25537: 25535: 25532: 25530: 25527: 25526: 25524: 25522: 25518: 25515: 25513: 25512:Lain in honor 25509: 25499: 25497: 25493: 25492: 25490: 25488: 25484: 25478: 25475: 25474: 25472: 25470: 25466: 25460: 25459:Hooper (1875) 25457: 25456: 25454: 25452: 25451:House Chamber 25448: 25442: 25439: 25436: 25433: 25430: 25428: 25425: 25424: 25422: 25420: 25416: 25410: 25407: 25405: 25402: 25400: 25397: 25394: 25391: 25389: 25385: 25383: 25382:McCain (2018) 25380: 25378: 25377:Inouye (2012) 25375: 25372: 25369: 25367: 25363: 25360: 25357: 25355: 25351: 25349: 25348:Pepper (1989) 25346: 25344: 25340: 25337: 25335: 25332: 25330: 25328: 25324: 25322: 25319: 25317: 25314: 25312: 25310: 25306: 25304: 25302: 25298: 25296: 25293: 25290: 25287: 25285: 25281: 25279: 25276: 25274: 25271: 25269: 25266: 25264: 25262: 25258: 25256: 25254: 25250: 25248: 25245: 25243: 25240: 25238: 25235: 25233: 25231: 25227: 25225: 25222: 25220: 25218: 25214: 25212: 25211:Wilson (1875) 25209: 25207: 25206:Sumner (1874) 25204: 25202: 25199: 25196: 25193: 25191: 25187: 25185: 25182: 25181: 25179: 25177: 25173: 25170: 25168: 25167:Lain in state 25164: 25160: 25155: 25150: 25146: 25142: 25141:lain in state 25134: 25129: 25127: 25122: 25120: 25115: 25114: 25111: 25099: 25096: 25094: 25091: 25089: 25088:Jerril Santos 25086: 25083: 25081: 25078: 25076: 25075:Daniel Inouye 25073: 25070: 25069: 25067: 25063: 25057: 25054: 25052: 25049: 25047: 25044: 25042: 25041:Chuan Leekpai 25039: 25037: 25034: 25032: 25029: 25027: 25026:Juan Carlos I 25024: 25023: 25021: 25017: 25012: 25005: 25000: 24998: 24993: 24991: 24986: 24985: 24982: 24970: 24967: 24965: 24962: 24960: 24957: 24955: 24952: 24950: 24949: 24948:Escuadrón 201 24945: 24944: 24942: 24940:(Lehiyonaryo) 24936: 24930: 24927: 24925: 24922: 24921: 24919: 24915: 24909: 24906: 24904: 24901: 24899: 24898:Eulogio Balao 24896: 24894: 24891: 24890: 24888: 24884: 24878: 24875: 24874: 24872: 24868:Grand Officer 24866: 24860: 24857: 24855: 24852: 24850: 24847: 24845: 24842: 24840: 24837: 24835: 24832: 24831: 24829: 24823: 24817: 24814: 24812: 24809: 24807: 24804: 24802: 24799: 24797: 24794: 24792: 24789: 24787: 24784: 24782: 24781:Jesse Robredo 24779: 24777: 24776:Sergio Osmeña 24774: 24772: 24771:Imelda Marcos 24769: 24767: 24764: 24762: 24759: 24757: 24754: 24752: 24749: 24746: 24744: 24741: 24739: 24736: 24734: 24731: 24729: 24726: 24725: 24723: 24717: 24712: 24707: 24702: 24694: 24689: 24687: 24682: 24680: 24675: 24674: 24671: 24657: 24653: 24649: 24645: 24641: 24637: 24633: 24629: 24628:Kamala Harris 24625: 24621: 24617: 24613: 24608: 24607: 24602: 24598: 24594: 24590: 24584: 24580: 24576: 24572: 24568: 24564: 24563:Angela Merkel 24560: 24555: 24554:Salome Karwah 24551: 24547: 24542: 24538: 24534: 24530: 24526: 24522: 24521:The Protester 24518: 24514: 24510: 24506: 24502: 24498: 24494: 24490: 24486: 24482: 24478: 24473: 24472:Melinda Gates 24469: 24465: 24459: 24455: 24451: 24447: 24443: 24438: 24434: 24433:Coleen Rowley 24430: 24424: 24420: 24416: 24415: 24413: 24409: 24401: 24397: 24393: 24389: 24385: 24381: 24377: 24373: 24369: 24365: 24361: 24357: 24356:Newt Gingrich 24353: 24349: 24345: 24340: 24339:Yitzhak Rabin 24336: 24332: 24328: 24327:Yasser Arafat 24322: 24318: 24314: 24310: 24306: 24302: 24298: 24294: 24290: 24286: 24282: 24278: 24274: 24270: 24266: 24262: 24261:Deng Xiaoping 24258: 24254: 24250: 24246: 24245:Yuri Andropov 24242: 24241:Ronald Reagan 24238: 24234: 24230: 24226: 24222: 24218: 24217:Ronald Reagan 24214: 24210: 24206: 24202: 24201:Deng Xiaoping 24198: 24194: 24190: 24186: 24182: 24181: 24179: 24175: 24166: 24162: 24158: 24154: 24150: 24146: 24142: 24138: 24134: 24130: 24126: 24122: 24116: 24112: 24108: 24104: 24100: 24096: 24095:Richard Nixon 24092: 24088: 24084: 24083:Richard Nixon 24080: 24076: 24072: 24068: 24064: 24059: 24055: 24051: 24047: 24042: 24038: 24034: 24030: 24026: 24022: 24018: 24014: 24010: 24006: 24002: 23998: 23994: 23990: 23986: 23981: 23977: 23973: 23969: 23968:Edward Teller 23965: 23961: 23957: 23953: 23949: 23948:Linus Pauling 23945: 23944:Willard Libby 23941: 23937: 23933: 23929: 23925: 23924:George Beadle 23919: 23915: 23911: 23907: 23903: 23899: 23895: 23891: 23887: 23883: 23879: 23875: 23871: 23867: 23863: 23859: 23858:Elizabeth II 23855: 23851: 23847: 23846: 23844: 23840: 23832: 23828: 23824: 23820: 23816: 23812: 23808: 23804: 23800: 23796: 23792: 23788: 23784: 23780: 23776: 23772: 23768: 23767:Joseph Stalin 23764: 23760: 23756: 23752: 23748: 23744: 23743:Joseph Stalin 23740: 23736: 23732: 23728: 23724: 23720: 23716: 23712: 23708: 23704: 23700: 23696: 23692: 23688: 23684: 23680: 23676: 23672: 23668: 23664: 23660: 23659:Owen D. Young 23656: 23652: 23648: 23644: 23640: 23639: 23637: 23633: 23629: 23627: 23619: 23614: 23612: 23607: 23605: 23600: 23599: 23596: 23583: 23578: 23573: 23570: 23565: 23562: 23557: 23554: 23549: 23545: 23540: 23537: 23536:Roger Goodell 23533: 23528: 23525: 23520: 23517: 23512: 23509: 23504: 23501: 23500:Bill Bowerman 23497: 23492: 23489: 23484: 23481: 23477: 23472: 23469: 23465: 23460: 23455: 23452: 23447: 23444: 23439: 23436: 23431: 23428: 23423: 23418: 23415: 23414:Keith Jackson 23410: 23407: 23402: 23399: 23394: 23391: 23390:Gene Corrigan 23386: 23383: 23382:Harold Alfond 23378: 23375: 23370: 23367: 23362: 23359: 23354: 23351: 23346: 23343: 23338: 23335: 23330: 23327: 23322: 23319: 23314: 23311: 23306: 23301: 23298: 23293: 23290: 23285: 23282: 23278: 23274: 23270: 23266: 23262: 23257: 23254: 23249: 23246: 23241: 23238: 23233: 23230: 23225: 23222: 23217: 23212: 23209: 23208:David Packard 23204: 23201: 23196: 23193: 23188: 23185: 23180: 23177: 23176:Ronald Reagan 23172: 23169: 23164: 23161: 23160:Richard Nixon 23156: 23151: 23148: 23143: 23140: 23135: 23132: 23127: 23124: 23119: 23116: 23111: 23108: 23103: 23100: 23095: 23092: 23088: 23083: 23080: 23075: 23072: 23067: 23066: 23063: 23059: 23052: 23047: 23045: 23040: 23038: 23033: 23032: 23029: 23016: 23011: 23008: 23003: 23000: 22995: 22992: 22987: 22984: 22979: 22976: 22971: 22968: 22963: 22960: 22955: 22952: 22947: 22944: 22939: 22936: 22931: 22928: 22923: 22920: 22915: 22912: 22907: 22904: 22899: 22896: 22891: 22888: 22883: 22880: 22875: 22872: 22867: 22864: 22859: 22856: 22851: 22848: 22843: 22840: 22835: 22832: 22827: 22824: 22819: 22816: 22811: 22808: 22803: 22800: 22795: 22792: 22787: 22784: 22779: 22776: 22771: 22768: 22763: 22760: 22755: 22752: 22747: 22744: 22739: 22736: 22735:Not presented 22731: 22728: 22723: 22720: 22715: 22712: 22707: 22704: 22699: 22696: 22691: 22688: 22687: 22681: 22678: 22673: 22670: 22665: 22662: 22657: 22654: 22649: 22646: 22641: 22638: 22633: 22630: 22625: 22622: 22617: 22614: 22609: 22606: 22601: 22598: 22593: 22590: 22585: 22582: 22577: 22574: 22569: 22566: 22561: 22560: 22557: 22552: 22545: 22540: 22538: 22533: 22531: 22526: 22525: 22522: 22510: 22507: 22505: 22501: 22498: 22497: 22494: 22484: 22483: 22479: 22477: 22476: 22472: 22471: 22469: 22466: 22462: 22456: 22455: 22450: 22448: 22447: 22446:Farrell Dobbs 22442: 22441: 22439: 22437: 22433: 22427: 22426: 22421: 22419: 22418: 22413: 22412: 22410: 22408: 22404: 22398: 22397: 22392: 22390: 22389: 22384: 22383: 22381: 22379: 22375: 22369: 22368: 22363: 22361: 22360: 22355: 22354: 22352: 22350: 22346: 22340: 22339: 22334: 22332: 22331: 22326: 22325: 22323: 22321: 22317: 22312: 22308: 22303: 22299: 22289: 22286: 22284: 22283:Frank Lausche 22281: 22279: 22276: 22274: 22271: 22269: 22266: 22264: 22261: 22259: 22256: 22253: 22252: 22249: 22248: 22243: 22241: 22240: 22235: 22234: 22232: 22228: 22222: 22219: 22217: 22214: 22213: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22201: 22191: 22190: 22189:Richard Nixon 22185: 22183: 22182: 22177: 22176: 22174: 22170: 22164: 22161: 22159: 22156: 22155: 22152: 22149: 22147: 22143: 22138: 22134: 22130: 22122: 22117: 22115: 22110: 22108: 22103: 22102: 22099: 22087: 22084: 22082: 22078: 22075: 22074: 22071: 22061: 22060: 22056: 22054: 22053: 22049: 22047: 22046: 22042: 22041: 22039: 22036: 22032: 22026: 22025: 22020: 22018: 22017: 22016:Farrell Dobbs 22012: 22011: 22009: 22007: 22003: 21997: 21996: 21991: 21989: 21988: 21983: 21982: 21980: 21978: 21974: 21968: 21967: 21962: 21961: 21959: 21957: 21953: 21947: 21946: 21941: 21939: 21938: 21933: 21932: 21930: 21928: 21924: 21918: 21917: 21912: 21910: 21909: 21904: 21903: 21901: 21899: 21895: 21890: 21886: 21881: 21877: 21867: 21864: 21862: 21859: 21857: 21854: 21852: 21849: 21847: 21844: 21842: 21841:Paul A. Dever 21839: 21837: 21834: 21831: 21830: 21827: 21826: 21825:John Sparkman 21821: 21819: 21818: 21813: 21812: 21810: 21806: 21800: 21797: 21795: 21792: 21791: 21788: 21785: 21783: 21779: 21769: 21766: 21764: 21761: 21759: 21756: 21754: 21751: 21749: 21746: 21743: 21742: 21739: 21738: 21737:Richard Nixon 21733: 21731: 21730: 21725: 21724: 21722: 21718: 21712: 21709: 21707: 21704: 21703: 21700: 21697: 21695: 21691: 21686: 21682: 21678: 21670: 21665: 21663: 21658: 21656: 21651: 21650: 21647: 21637: 21636: 21629: 21626: 21623: 21620: 21617: 21614: 21611: 21608: 21605: 21602: 21599: 21596: 21593: 21590: 21587: 21584: 21581: 21578: 21575: 21572: 21569: 21566: 21563: 21560: 21557: 21554: 21551: 21548: 21545: 21542: 21539: 21536: 21533: 21530: 21527: 21524: 21521: 21518: 21515: 21512: 21509: 21506: 21503: 21500: 21497: 21494: 21491: 21488: 21485: 21482: 21479: 21476: 21475: 21472: 21468: 21459: 21454: 21452: 21447: 21445: 21440: 21439: 21436: 21419: 21416: 21413: 21410: 21409: 21407: 21405: 21401: 21394: 21391: 21388: 21385: 21384: 21382: 21380: 21376: 21369: 21366: 21363: 21362:Sherman Adams 21360: 21359: 21357: 21355: 21351: 21344: 21341: 21340: 21338: 21336: 21332: 21325: 21322: 21321: 21319: 21317: 21313: 21306: 21303: 21300: 21297: 21296: 21294: 21292: 21288: 21281: 21278: 21275: 21272: 21271: 21269: 21267: 21263: 21256: 21253: 21252: 21250: 21248: 21244: 21237: 21234: 21231: 21228: 21227: 21225: 21223: 21219: 21212: 21211:Maurice Stans 21209: 21206: 21203: 21200: 21197: 21194: 21191: 21190: 21188: 21186: 21182: 21178:Cabinet-level 21175: 21171: 21160: 21157: 21154: 21151: 21148: 21145: 21144: 21142: 21140: 21136: 21129: 21126: 21123: 21120: 21119: 21117: 21115: 21111: 21104: 21101: 21098: 21095: 21094: 21092: 21090: 21086: 21079: 21076: 21075: 21073: 21071: 21067: 21060: 21057: 21054: 21053:Douglas McKay 21051: 21050: 21048: 21046: 21042: 21035: 21032: 21031: 21029: 21027: 21023: 21016: 21013: 21010: 21007: 21006: 21004: 21002: 20998: 20991: 20988: 20985: 20982: 20979: 20976: 20975: 20973: 20971: 20967: 20960: 20957: 20954: 20951: 20950: 20948: 20946: 20942: 20935: 20932: 20929: 20926: 20925: 20923: 20921: 20917: 20901: 20900:Richard Nixon 20898: 20897: 20895: 20893: 20889: 20882: 20878: 20873: 20870: 20866: 20859: 20854: 20852: 20847: 20845: 20840: 20839: 20836: 20824: 20816: 20814: 20806: 20805: 20802: 20796: 20793: 20791: 20788: 20786: 20783: 20781: 20778: 20776: 20773: 20771: 20770:G. H. W. Bush 20768: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20745:L. B. Johnson 20743: 20741: 20738: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20716: 20713: 20711: 20708: 20706: 20703: 20701: 20698: 20696: 20693: 20691: 20688: 20686: 20683: 20682: 20680: 20674: 20665: 20661: 20658: 20655: 20651: 20648: 20645: 20641: 20638: 20635: 20631: 20628: 20625: 20621: 20618: 20615: 20611: 20608: 20605: 20601: 20600:Ronald Reagan 20598: 20595: 20591: 20588: 20585: 20581: 20578: 20575: 20571: 20570:Richard Nixon 20568: 20565: 20561: 20558: 20555: 20551: 20548: 20545: 20541: 20538: 20535: 20531: 20528: 20525: 20521: 20518: 20515: 20511: 20508: 20505: 20501: 20498: 20495: 20491: 20488: 20485: 20481: 20478: 20475: 20471: 20468: 20465: 20461: 20458: 20455: 20451: 20448: 20445: 20441: 20438: 20435: 20431: 20428: 20425: 20421: 20418: 20415: 20411: 20408: 20405: 20401: 20398: 20395: 20391: 20388: 20385: 20381: 20378: 20375: 20371: 20368: 20365: 20361: 20358: 20355: 20351: 20348: 20345: 20341: 20338: 20335: 20331: 20328: 20325: 20321: 20318: 20315: 20311: 20310:James K. Polk 20308: 20305: 20301: 20298: 20295: 20291: 20288: 20285: 20281: 20278: 20275: 20271: 20268: 20265: 20261: 20258: 20255: 20251: 20248: 20245: 20241: 20240:James Madison 20238: 20235: 20231: 20228: 20225: 20221: 20218: 20215: 20211: 20208: 20207: 20203: 20197: 20193: 20186: 20181: 20179: 20174: 20172: 20167: 20166: 20163: 20151: 20148: 20146: 20143: 20141: 20138: 20136: 20133: 20131: 20128: 20126: 20123: 20122: 20120: 20116: 20106: 20105:The Wish List 20103: 20101: 20100:Ripon Society 20098: 20096: 20093: 20091: 20088: 20086: 20083: 20081: 20078: 20076: 20073: 20071: 20068: 20067: 20065: 20059: 20053: 20050: 20048: 20045: 20043: 20040: 20038: 20035: 20033: 20030: 20028: 20025: 20023: 20020: 20018: 20015: 20013: 20010: 20006: 20003: 20002: 20001: 19998: 19997: 19995: 19989: 19983: 19980: 19978: 19975: 19973: 19970: 19968: 19965: 19963: 19960: 19959: 19957: 19951: 19943: 19940: 19938: 19935: 19933: 19930: 19928: 19925: 19924: 19923: 19920: 19916: 19913: 19912: 19911: 19908: 19904: 19901: 19899: 19898: 19894: 19893: 19892: 19889: 19888: 19886: 19882: 19879: 19877: 19876:organizations 19871: 19861: 19858: 19856: 19853: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19843: 19841: 19838: 19836: 19833: 19832: 19830: 19826: 19820: 19817: 19815: 19812: 19810: 19809:West Virginia 19807: 19805: 19802: 19800: 19797: 19795: 19792: 19790: 19787: 19785: 19782: 19780: 19777: 19775: 19772: 19770: 19767: 19765: 19762: 19760: 19757: 19755: 19752: 19750: 19747: 19745: 19742: 19740: 19737: 19735: 19732: 19730: 19727: 19725: 19722: 19720: 19717: 19715: 19714:New Hampshire 19712: 19710: 19707: 19705: 19702: 19700: 19697: 19695: 19692: 19690: 19687: 19685: 19682: 19680: 19677: 19675: 19674:Massachusetts 19672: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19640: 19637: 19635: 19632: 19630: 19627: 19625: 19622: 19620: 19617: 19615: 19612: 19610: 19607: 19605: 19602: 19600: 19597: 19595: 19592: 19590: 19587: 19585: 19582: 19580: 19577: 19575: 19572: 19571: 19569: 19565: 19562: 19555: 19551: 19541: 19538: 19536: 19533: 19531: 19528: 19526: 19523: 19521: 19518: 19516: 19513: 19511: 19508: 19506: 19503: 19501: 19498: 19497: 19495: 19491: 19485: 19482: 19480: 19477: 19475: 19472: 19470: 19467: 19465: 19462: 19460: 19456: 19453: 19451: 19448: 19446: 19443: 19441: 19438: 19436: 19433: 19431: 19428: 19426: 19423: 19421: 19418: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19408: 19406: 19403: 19401: 19397: 19394: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19382: 19379: 19377: 19374: 19372: 19369: 19367: 19364: 19362: 19359: 19357: 19354: 19352: 19349: 19347: 19344: 19342: 19339: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19317: 19314: 19312: 19309: 19307: 19304: 19302: 19299: 19297: 19294: 19292: 19289: 19287: 19284: 19282: 19279: 19277: 19274: 19272: 19269: 19267: 19264: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19244: 19242: 19239: 19237: 19234: 19232: 19229: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19212: 19209: 19207: 19204: 19202: 19199: 19197: 19194: 19192: 19189: 19187: 19184: 19182: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19172: 19169: 19167: 19164: 19162: 19159: 19157: 19154: 19152: 19149: 19147: 19144: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19128: 19126: 19122: 19119: 19117: 19113: 19106: 19103: 19100: 19097: 19094: 19091: 19088: 19085: 19082: 19079: 19076: 19073: 19070: 19067: 19064: 19061: 19058: 19055: 19052: 19049: 19046: 19043: 19040: 19037: 19034: 19031: 19028: 19025: 19022: 19019: 19016: 19013: 19010: 19007: 19004: 19001: 18998: 18995: 18992: 18989: 18986: 18983: 18980: 18977: 18974: 18971: 18968: 18965: 18962: 18959: 18956: 18953: 18950: 18947: 18944: 18941: 18938: 18935: 18932: 18929: 18928: 18926: 18924: 18915: 18910: 18904: 18897: 18894: 18891: 18888: 18885: 18882: 18879: 18876: 18873: 18870: 18867: 18864: 18861: 18858: 18855: 18852: 18849: 18846: 18843: 18840: 18837: 18834: 18831: 18828: 18825: 18822: 18819: 18816: 18813: 18810: 18807: 18804: 18801: 18798: 18795: 18792: 18789: 18786: 18783: 18780: 18777: 18774: 18771: 18768: 18765: 18762: 18759: 18756: 18753: 18750: 18747: 18744: 18741: 18738: 18735: 18732: 18729: 18726: 18725: 18723: 18721: 18713: 18707: 18700: 18697: 18694: 18691: 18688: 18687:G. H. W. Bush 18685: 18682: 18679: 18676: 18673: 18670: 18667: 18664: 18661: 18658: 18655: 18652: 18649: 18646: 18643: 18640: 18637: 18634: 18631: 18628: 18625: 18622: 18619: 18616: 18613: 18610: 18607: 18604: 18601: 18598: 18595: 18592: 18589: 18586: 18583: 18582: 18580: 18578: 18574: 18570: 18564: 18563: 18559: 18555: 18552: 18551: 18550: 18546: 18542: 18539: 18535: 18532: 18531: 18530: 18526: 18522: 18519: 18515: 18512: 18511: 18510: 18506: 18502: 18499: 18495: 18492: 18491: 18490: 18486: 18482: 18479: 18475: 18472: 18471: 18470: 18466: 18462: 18459: 18455: 18452: 18451: 18450: 18446: 18442: 18439: 18435: 18432: 18431: 18430: 18426: 18422: 18419: 18415: 18412: 18411: 18410: 18406: 18402: 18399: 18395: 18392: 18391: 18390: 18386: 18385:G. H. W. Bush 18382: 18379: 18375: 18372: 18371: 18370: 18366: 18365:G. H. W. Bush 18362: 18359: 18355: 18352: 18351: 18350: 18349:G. H. W. Bush 18346: 18342: 18341:1984 (Dallas) 18339: 18335: 18332: 18331: 18330: 18329:G. H. W. Bush 18326: 18322: 18319: 18315: 18312: 18311: 18310: 18306: 18302: 18299: 18295: 18292: 18291: 18290: 18286: 18282: 18279: 18275: 18272: 18271: 18270: 18266: 18262: 18259: 18255: 18252: 18251: 18250: 18246: 18242: 18239: 18235: 18232: 18231: 18230: 18226: 18222: 18219: 18215: 18212: 18211: 18210: 18206: 18202: 18199: 18195: 18192: 18191: 18190: 18186: 18182: 18179: 18175: 18172: 18171: 18170: 18166: 18162: 18159: 18155: 18152: 18151: 18150: 18146: 18142: 18139: 18135: 18132: 18131: 18130: 18126: 18122: 18119: 18115: 18112: 18111: 18110: 18106: 18102: 18099: 18095: 18092: 18091: 18090: 18086: 18082: 18079: 18075: 18072: 18071: 18070: 18066: 18062: 18059: 18055: 18052: 18051: 18050: 18046: 18042: 18039: 18035: 18032: 18031: 18030: 18026: 18022: 18019: 18015: 18012: 18011: 18010: 18006: 18002: 17999: 17995: 17992: 17991: 17990: 17986: 17982: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17969: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17956: 17952: 17949: 17947: 17943: 17939: 17936: 17934: 17930: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17917: 17913: 17910: 17908: 17904: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17891: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17878: 17874: 17871: 17869: 17865: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17852: 17848: 17845: 17843: 17839: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17826: 17822: 17819: 17817: 17813: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17800: 17796: 17793: 17792: 17790: 17788: 17779: 17772: 17766: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17734: 17733: 17730: 17729: 17726: 17722: 17713: 17708: 17706: 17701: 17699: 17694: 17693: 17690: 17677: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17630:Shalikashvili 17628: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17618: 17616: 17613: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17585: 17582: 17581: 17578: 17574: 17570: 17565: 17553: 17550: 17548: 17545: 17543: 17540: 17538: 17535: 17533: 17530: 17528: 17525: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17508: 17505: 17503: 17500: 17498: 17495: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17475: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17453: 17450: 17448: 17445: 17443: 17440: 17438: 17435: 17433: 17430: 17428: 17425: 17423: 17420: 17418: 17415: 17413: 17410: 17408: 17405: 17403: 17400: 17398: 17395: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17363: 17360: 17359: 17357: 17355: 17351: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17175: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17136: 17134: 17132: 17128: 17123: 17116: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17083: 17081: 17078: 17076: 17073: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17046: 17043: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17012: 17010: 17008: 17002: 16998: 16990: 16985: 16983: 16978: 16976: 16971: 16970: 16967: 16953: 16952:Lloyd Russell 16949: 16945: 16941: 16937: 16936:Frank Bridges 16933: 16929: 16925: 16921: 16917: 16913: 16912:Jim Hendricks 16909: 16905: 16901: 16897: 16896:Tom O'Donnell 16893: 16889: 16885: 16880: 16876: 16872: 16868: 16864: 16863: 16860: 16856: 16847: 16842: 16840: 16835: 16833: 16828: 16827: 16824: 16818: 16811: 16796: 16787: 16786: 16782: 16774: 16768: 16763: 16759: 16750: 16749: 16742: 16736: 16731: 16727: 16726:Richard Nixon 16720: 16716: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16700: 16694: 16689: 16685: 16676: 16675: 16666: 16660: 16655: 16651: 16642: 16641: 16635: 16631: 16627: 16618: 16617: 16610: 16604: 16598: 16589: 16588: 16582: 16578: 16574: 16565: 16564: 16556: 16550: 16546: 16537: 16536: 16528: 16522: 16517: 16512: 16505: 16493: 16492: 16483: 16482: 16479: 16478: 16474: 16472: 16471: 16467: 16466: 16463: 16457: 16456:Kay Summersby 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16446: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16434: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16419: 16417: 16413: 16406: 16403: 16400: 16397: 16394: 16391: 16388: 16385: 16382: 16379: 16376: 16373: 16370: 16367: 16364: 16361: 16358: 16355: 16352: 16349: 16346: 16343: 16340: 16337: 16334: 16331: 16330: 16328: 16326: 16322: 16316: 16314: 16310: 16308: 16306: 16302: 16300: 16298: 16294: 16292: 16290: 16286: 16284: 16282: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16267: 16265: 16259: 16253: 16250: 16248: 16245: 16243: 16240: 16238: 16235: 16233: 16230: 16228: 16225: 16223: 16220: 16218: 16215: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16196: 16195:commemorative 16193: 16192: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16149: 16146: 16145: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16130: 16128: 16124: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16103: 16100: 16098: 16095: 16093: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16079: 16077: 16073: 16067: 16065: 16061: 16060: 16058: 16054: 16043: 16040: 16038: 16035: 16033: 16030: 16027: 16024: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16011: 16010: 16009: 16006: 16003: 16000: 15997: 15994: 15991: 15988: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15964: 15963: 15960: 15957: 15954: 15951: 15948: 15945: 15942: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15930: 15929: 15928: 15925: 15922: 15919: 15916: 15913: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15903:Soil Bank Act 15901: 15900: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15887: 15884: 15883: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15856: 15855: 15852: 15849: 15846: 15843: 15840: 15837: 15834: 15831: 15828: 15825: 15822: 15821: 15819: 15815: 15808: 15805: 15801: 15797: 15796: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15784: 15781: 15778: 15775: 15771: 15768: 15767: 15766: 15763: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15750: 15749: 15746: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15721:Domino theory 15719: 15718: 15717: 15714: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15699: 15695: 15694: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15684: 15682: 15680: 15676: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15652: 15648: 15647: 15646: 15643: 15639: 15638:Supreme Court 15636: 15635: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15622: 15619: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15599: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15578: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15548: 15544: 15538: 15535: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15522: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15457: 15455: 15453: 15447: 15439: 15435: 15431: 15427: 15423: 15419: 15415: 15412: 15408: 15407: 15404: 15400: 15393: 15388: 15386: 15381: 15379: 15374: 15373: 15370: 15364: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15342: 15339: 15336: 15335: 15330: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15317: 15314: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15305: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15271: 15261: 15257: 15254: 15251: 15248: 15244: 15240: 15235: 15232: 15231: 15226: 15224: 15220: 15216: 15214: 15210: 15206: 15202: 15199: 15195: 15194: 15184: 15178: 15174: 15169: 15165: 15159: 15155: 15151: 15147: 15143: 15139: 15138:"Deep Strife" 15134: 15130: 15128:0-465-04196-5 15124: 15119: 15118: 15112: 15108: 15104: 15102:0-394-52278-8 15098: 15094: 15089: 15088: 15079: 15075: 15071: 15069:0-88-295918-2 15065: 15061: 15060: 15055: 15051: 15047: 15045:1-56-663787-2 15041: 15037: 15036: 15031: 15027: 15025: 15021: 15017: 15013: 15011: 15007: 15004: 15000: 14998: 14994: 14990: 14986: 14984: 14980: 14976: 14972: 14969: 14965: 14961: 14959:0-7658-0036-5 14955: 14951: 14946: 14942: 14936: 14932: 14927: 14925: 14921: 14917: 14913: 14910: 14906: 14904: 14900: 14896: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14883: 14879: 14875: 14872: 14868: 14866: 14862: 14858: 14854: 14852: 14848: 14844: 14839: 14835: 14829: 14825: 14821: 14817: 14813: 14811:9780199879083 14807: 14802: 14801: 14795: 14791: 14787: 14786: 14776: 14770: 14766: 14762: 14758: 14754: 14750: 14744: 14740: 14739: 14734: 14730: 14726: 14722: 14718: 14714: 14710: 14706: 14702: 14696: 14692: 14691: 14685: 14681: 14675: 14670: 14669: 14662: 14659: 14655: 14651: 14645: 14641: 14640: 14634: 14631: 14627: 14623: 14621:, by his son. 14620: 14616: 14612: 14608: 14605: 14602: 14598: 14594: 14590: 14586: 14584:9780684864549 14580: 14575: 14574: 14567: 14563: 14561:9780307946638 14557: 14553: 14552: 14546: 14545: 14534: 14528: 14524: 14523: 14517: 14513: 14507: 14503: 14498: 14494: 14490: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14470: 14467:. Doubleday. 14466: 14465: 14459: 14457: 14453: 14449: 14445: 14441: 14435: 14432:. Macmillan. 14431: 14430: 14425: 14424:D'Este, Carlo 14421: 14417: 14411: 14407: 14402: 14398: 14394: 14389: 14385: 14381: 14377: 14373: 14372: 14364: 14357:Print sources 14348: 14346: 14341: 14335: 14327: 14326: 14321: 14315: 14307: 14306: 14301: 14295: 14276: 14272: 14271: 14263: 14257: 14249: 14248: 14247:British Pathé 14243: 14237: 14229: 14228: 14223: 14217: 14201: 14197: 14193: 14192: 14187: 14181: 14173: 14172: 14166: 14160: 14149: 14145: 14144: 14136: 14130: 14122: 14121: 14116: 14110: 14102: 14101: 14096: 14090: 14082: 14081: 14075: 14069: 14058: 14054: 14053: 14045: 14039: 14028: 14024: 14023: 14015: 14009: 13993: 13989: 13988: 13983: 13977: 13961: 13957: 13956: 13951: 13945: 13937: 13936: 13935:British Pathé 13931: 13925: 13914: 13910: 13909: 13901: 13895: 13879: 13875: 13871: 13865: 13849: 13848:British Pathé 13845: 13844: 13837: 13821: 13817: 13811: 13809: 13792: 13788: 13784: 13783: 13776: 13760: 13755: 13748: 13740: 13733: 13722:September 30, 13714: 13707: 13701: 13685: 13681: 13677: 13671: 13656: 13652: 13646: 13644: 13635: 13631: 13625: 13618: 13614: 13608: 13592: 13588: 13584: 13577: 13561: 13557: 13553: 13547: 13541: 13536: 13521: 13517: 13511: 13495: 13491: 13485: 13477: 13476: 13471: 13464: 13445: 13441: 13434: 13428: 13413: 13409: 13402: 13386: 13382: 13378: 13371: 13363: 13359: 13358: 13353: 13347: 13331: 13327: 13321: 13305: 13301: 13297: 13291: 13283: 13277: 13273: 13266: 13264: 13262: 13250:September 29, 13245: 13241: 13235: 13216: 13212: 13205: 13199: 13192: 13188: 13174: 13170: 13166: 13160: 13143: 13139: 13133: 13125: 13119: 13115: 13114: 13106: 13099: 13093: 13085: 13084: 13076: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13056: 13053:(1): 87–122. 13052: 13048: 13041: 13039: 13031: 13027: 13023: 13020: 13014: 13006: 13002: 12998: 12994: 12990: 12986: 12983:(1): 97–115. 12982: 12978: 12974: 12967: 12952: 12951:Miller Center 12948: 12941: 12933: 12929: 12925: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12894: 12878: 12874: 12870: 12864: 12849: 12843: 12839: 12838: 12830: 12822: 12818: 12814: 12807: 12800: 12795: 12779: 12775: 12769: 12753: 12749: 12745: 12738: 12730: 12718: 12714: 12713: 12708: 12702: 12695: 12692:. p. 1. 12691: 12684: 12676: 12669: 12667: 12650: 12646: 12640: 12624: 12620: 12614: 12612: 12603: 12602: 12594: 12578: 12574: 12570: 12564: 12548: 12544: 12543: 12538: 12531: 12515: 12511: 12507: 12501: 12494: 12482: 12478: 12472: 12464: 12458: 12454: 12453: 12445: 12438: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12411: 12404: 12392: 12388: 12387: 12382: 12375: 12368: 12356: 12352: 12348: 12347:, March 1961" 12346: 12338: 12322: 12318: 12312: 12310: 12308: 12298: 12282: 12278: 12274: 12268: 12261: 12255: 12239: 12235: 12229: 12227: 12225: 12218:(2009) p. 345 12217: 12211: 12195: 12191: 12185: 12169: 12165: 12158: 12151: 12138: 12134: 12127: 12111: 12107: 12100: 12093: 12081:. p. 32A 12080: 12076: 12069: 12063:, p. 281 12062: 12057: 12051:, p. 272 12050: 12045: 12038: 12032: 12025: 12021: 12018: 12014: 12008: 12001: 11995: 11988: 11982: 11967: 11961: 11957: 11952: 11951: 11942: 11926: 11922: 11918: 11911: 11904: 11898: 11890: 11884: 11877: 11871: 11869: 11862:, p. 219 11861: 11856: 11850:, p. 157 11849: 11844: 11838:, p. 154 11837: 11832: 11825: 11820: 11813: 11808: 11801: 11796: 11789: 11784: 11778:, p. 128 11777: 11772: 11766:, p. 305 11765: 11760: 11753: 11748: 11742:, p. 132 11741: 11736: 11734: 11727:, p. 167 11726: 11721: 11715:, p. 140 11714: 11709: 11702: 11697: 11690: 11685: 11678: 11662: 11655: 11654: 11646: 11639: 11627: 11623: 11619: 11612: 11605: 11589: 11582: 11581: 11573: 11571: 11563: 11550: 11546: 11542: 11535: 11519: 11515: 11511: 11505: 11496: 11488: 11482: 11478: 11477: 11469: 11461: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11442: 11435: 11430: 11424:, p. 230 11423: 11418: 11412: 11408: 11403: 11394: 11378: 11374: 11368: 11359: 11351: 11345: 11341: 11334: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11307: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11280: 11278: 11270: 11264: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11241: 11234: 11228: 11221: 11215: 11209:, p. 129 11208: 11203: 11196: 11192: 11188: 11184: 11178: 11170: 11164: 11157: 11151: 11144: 11138: 11130: 11126: 11125:"Vietnam War" 11120: 11112: 11106: 11102: 11101: 11093: 11087:, p. 215 11086: 11081: 11074: 11069: 11062: 11056: 11054: 11047:, p. 185 11046: 11041: 11034: 11029: 11023:, p. 175 11022: 11017: 11010: 11006: 11000: 10992: 10990:9781501774157 10986: 10982: 10978: 10971: 10969: 10967: 10958: 10954: 10950: 10946: 10939: 10932: 10927: 10919: 10913: 10909: 10905: 10898: 10896: 10889:, p. 231 10888: 10883: 10881: 10871: 10866: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10847: 10841:, p. 173 10840: 10835: 10828: 10823: 10821: 10812: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10796: 10792: 10788: 10784: 10777: 10770: 10765: 10757: 10753: 10749: 10745: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10718: 10709: 10700: 10693: 10687: 10680: 10674: 10665: 10656: 10647: 10638: 10630: 10624: 10616: 10610: 10603: 10598: 10582: 10578: 10574: 10568: 10566: 10549: 10545: 10541: 10535: 10519: 10515: 10511: 10505: 10489: 10485: 10484:The Economist 10481: 10475: 10467: 10461: 10453: 10447: 10441:, p. 537 10440: 10435: 10428: 10423: 10417:, p. 297 10416: 10411: 10404: 10399: 10384: 10378: 10374: 10373: 10365: 10358: 10353: 10347:, p. 220 10346: 10341: 10333: 10327: 10323: 10322: 10314: 10306: 10302: 10298: 10291: 10283: 10277: 10273: 10272: 10264: 10256: 10250: 10246: 10245: 10237: 10221: 10217: 10213: 10206: 10199: 10194: 10187: 10182: 10175: 10170: 10163: 10158: 10151: 10146: 10139: 10134: 10126: 10120: 10116: 10115: 10107: 10091: 10087: 10083: 10076: 10069: 10064: 10058:, p. 571 10057: 10052: 10044: 10038: 10034: 10027: 10020: 10015: 10008: 10004: 9998: 9991: 9986: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9949: 9942:, p. 530 9941: 9936: 9929: 9924: 9918:, p. 512 9917: 9912: 9905: 9900: 9894:, p. 299 9893: 9888: 9882:, p. 279 9881: 9876: 9869: 9864: 9857: 9852: 9845: 9840: 9833: 9828: 9826: 9818: 9813: 9811: 9803: 9798: 9791: 9786: 9779: 9774: 9767: 9762: 9755: 9750: 9743: 9738: 9731: 9726: 9724: 9716: 9711: 9704: 9699: 9692: 9687: 9685: 9677: 9671: 9664: 9659: 9657: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9637: 9630: 9625: 9606: 9599: 9593: 9586: 9581: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9563: 9557: 9541: 9537: 9536: 9528: 9526: 9509: 9505: 9499: 9492: 9487: 9485: 9477: 9473: 9467: 9461: 9455: 9448: 9443: 9437: 9431: 9425: 9419: 9412: 9406: 9399: 9393: 9387:, p. 223 9386: 9381: 9374: 9369: 9362: 9357: 9350: 9344: 9337: 9332: 9325: 9320: 9313: 9307: 9301:, p. 278 9300: 9295: 9288: 9283: 9277:, p. 289 9276: 9271: 9264: 9259: 9253:, p. 284 9252: 9247: 9240: 9235: 9227: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9212: 9204: 9197: 9192: 9185: 9180: 9173: 9168: 9161: 9156: 9149: 9143: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9112: 9104: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9089: 9081: 9071: 9064: 9052: 9048: 9042: 9036: 9031: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9001: 8992: 8985:. p. 77. 8984: 8977: 8969: 8962: 8955: 8940: 8933: 8927: 8919: 8912: 8905: 8900: 8893: 8887: 8872: 8870:0-8050-5687-4 8866: 8862: 8857: 8856: 8850: 8849:D'Este, Carlo 8844: 8829: 8823: 8819: 8818: 8810: 8803: 8798: 8782: 8778: 8772: 8756: 8752: 8746: 8739: 8734: 8726: 8719: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8694: 8678: 8674: 8667: 8660: 8655: 8648: 8643: 8635: 8628: 8621: 8616: 8609: 8604: 8597: 8592: 8576: 8572: 8566: 8559: 8554: 8547: 8542: 8535: 8530: 8523: 8518: 8502: 8498: 8496: 8491: 8484: 8468: 8464: 8458: 8450: 8444: 8440: 8433: 8425: 8419: 8415: 8408: 8397:September 25, 8392: 8388: 8387: 8382: 8378: 8377:Erickson, Hal 8372: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8341: 8334: 8329: 8323:, p. 169 8322: 8317: 8310: 8305: 8298: 8286: 8282: 8276: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8245: 8234: 8230: 8223: 8216: 8214: 8205: 8198: 8191: 8186: 8178: 8176:9780062883322 8172: 8168: 8167:HarperCollins 8164: 8157: 8141: 8137: 8133: 8126: 8110: 8106: 8102: 8101:"We Remember" 8096: 8089: 8084: 8068: 8064: 8060: 8054: 8046: 8044:9780062883322 8040: 8036: 8035:HarperCollins 8032: 8025: 8023: 8006: 8002: 7998: 7992: 7976: 7972: 7965: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7935: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7905: 7889: 7885: 7879: 7872: 7867: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7835: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7808: 7802: 7795: 7790: 7783: 7778: 7770: 7769: 7761: 7754: 7748: 7741: 7735: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7717: 7712: 7710: 7702: 7697: 7690: 7685: 7678: 7663: 7659: 7652: 7646: 7639: 7633: 7626: 7620: 7618: 7602: 7596: 7592: 7591: 7583: 7576: 7571: 7564: 7559: 7552: 7547: 7536:September 13, 7532: 7526: 7522: 7521: 7513: 7506: 7501: 7494: 7489: 7487: 7471: 7469:9780061744969 7465: 7461: 7454: 7439:. p. 112 7438: 7434: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7400: 7396: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7355: 7339: 7335: 7328: 7321: 7317: 7297: 7290: 7284: 7280: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7247: 7246:Kay Summersby 7244: 7242: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7192: 7191: 7180: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7162: 7159: 7155: 7154: 7150: 7149:Major General 7147: 7144: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7132: 7129: 7125: 7124: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7108: 7107: 7101: 7098: 7095: 7091: 7090: 7084: 7083:Major General 7081: 7078: 7074: 7073: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7057: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7012: 7008: 7007: 7001: 6998: 6995: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6983: 6980: 6976: 6975: 6969: 6966: 6963: 6959: 6958: 6954: 6951: 6948: 6944: 6943: 6939: 6938:National Army 6935: 6932: 6929: 6925: 6924: 6920: 6917: 6914: 6910: 6909: 6905: 6902: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6855: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6828: 6827: 6824: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6797: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6782:June 20, 1964 6780: 6769: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6713: 6712: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6685: 6684: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6628: 6627: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6600: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6556:June 14, 1953 6554: 6552:New Hampshire 6543: 6542: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6515: 6514: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6487: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6459: 6458: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6403: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384:Massachusetts 6375: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6344: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6281: 6275: 6270: 6267: 6261: 6256: 6253: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6207: 6203: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6135: 6132: 6128: 6127: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6112: 6108: 6107: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6010: 6009: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5979: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5965: 5964: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5860: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5799: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5740: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5672: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5525: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5486: 5483: 5480: 5476: 5475: 5471: 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4917: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4894: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4852: 4843: 4834: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4818:field marshal 4815: 4814:79th Congress 4810: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4778: 4776: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4740: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4719: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4648: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4613:funeral train 4609: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4596: 4595:King Baudouin 4592: 4589:, Chancellor 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4570:state funeral 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4514:John W. Goode 4510: 4508: 4504: 4495: 4487: 4480: 4479:Air Force One 4476: 4472: 4463: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4450: 4430: 4425: 4421: 4418: 4412: 4409: 4408:1960 election 4404: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4377: 4375: 4374:heart disease 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4319:Sherman Adams 4315: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4267:chain smoking 4261:Health issues 4255: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4235: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4203:Chief Justice 4200: 4197: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4172:Supreme Court 4164: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4117: 4111: 4109: 4108:Lewis Strauss 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4075: 4073: 4057: 4048: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3806: 3801: 3794: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3746: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3699: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3612:North Vietnam 3608: 3606: 3605:South Vietnam 3601: 3600:Ngo Dinh Diem 3597: 3592: 3590: 3585: 3583: 3582:Dien Bien Phu 3578: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3539: 3536: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3498: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3462:Baik Seon-yup 3459: 3458:Chung Il-kwon 3454: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3415: 3412:(ICBMs), and 3411: 3408:, land-based 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3365:flyovers and 3364: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3350:space program 3346: 3344: 3343: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3249:South Vietnam 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3204:broke out in 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3162: 3157: 3150: 3145: 3138: 3133: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3061: 3050: 3032: 3014: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2997:proliferation 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2948:Air Force One 2943: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2926: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2895: 2887: 2883: 2880: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2842: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2819:West Virginia 2816: 2812: 2802: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2730: 2721: 2717: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2687: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2658: 2652: 2642: 2638: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 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2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1954: 1953:major general 1949: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1719:court-martial 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1636:National Army 1633: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1592: 1582: 1580: 1579:Oswald Jacoby 1575: 1571: 1567: 1566:Manuel Quezon 1562: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1541: 1540:Wendy Beckett 1537: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1499: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1488:Richard Nixon 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1452:scarlet fever 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1420: 1413:Personal life 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1371: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1348: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1337:Naval Academy 1334: 1329: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1304:, joined the 1303: 1299: 1295: 1289: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1261: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1217: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1178:except for a 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1077:South Vietnam 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1021:1956 election 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1001: 1000:(1951–1952). 999: 995: 992:(1945–1948), 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 934: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 887: 878: 845: 836: 826: 822: 806: 797: 789: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 770: 767: 766: 764: 760: 752: 749: 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51: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 25759: 25695: 25677: 25664: 25637: 25629: 25621: 25613: 25601: 25593: 25585: 25549:Evans (2021) 25534:Parks (2005) 25495: 25477:Brown (1996) 25441:Young (2022) 25399:Lewis (2020) 25387: 25365: 25353: 25326: 25308: 25307: 25300: 25283: 25260: 25252: 25242:Dewey (1917) 25229: 25224:Logan (1886) 25216: 25189: 25139:Individuals 25098:Sadako Ogata 25030: 24946: 24742: 24656:Taylor Swift 24604: 24571:Donald Trump 24550:Kent Brantly 24537:Pope Francis 24529:Barack Obama 24505:Ben Bernanke 24497:Barack Obama 24411:2001–present 24380:Bill Clinton 24372:Andrew Grove 24317:Bill Clinton 24233:The Computer 24185:Jimmy Carter 24161:Carol Sutton 24129:Alison Cheek 24075:Willy Brandt 24054:Frank Borman 23960:Emilio Segrè 23913: 23782: 23735:Adolf Hitler 23675:Pierre Laval 23625: 23569:None awarded 23568: 23524:Roscoe Brown 23516:Robert Gates 23476:Pete Dawkins 23468:Bobby Bowden 23443:Tommy Franks 23269:Willie Davis 23115:Roger Blough 23070: 22734: 22684: 22613:Omar Bradley 22564: 22499: 22480: 22473: 22465:Independents 22452:VP nominee: 22451: 22443: 22423:VP nominee: 22422: 22414: 22394:VP nominee: 22393: 22385: 22365:VP nominee: 22364: 22356: 22336:VP nominee: 22335: 22327: 22254: 22245:VP nominee: 22244: 22236: 22186: 22180: 22178: 22076: 22057: 22050: 22043: 22035:Independents 22022:VP nominee: 22021: 22013: 21993:VP nominee: 21992: 21984: 21963: 21943:VP nominee: 21942: 21934: 21914:VP nominee: 21913: 21905: 21832: 21823:VP nominee: 21822: 21814: 21744: 21735:VP nominee: 21734: 21728: 21726: 21685:→ 1956 21677:← 1948 21634: 21633: 21579: 21576:(1945–1948)* 21552:(1888–1889)* 21498:(1784–1787)* 21492:(1775–1776)* 21299:Val Peterson 21193:Joseph Dodge 20871: 20695:T. Roosevelt 20664:2021–present 20650:Donald Trump 20640:Barack Obama 20620:Bill Clinton 20590:Jimmy Carter 20539: 20250:James Monroe 20201:presidencies 20135:Bibliography 19895: 19774:South Dakota 19764:Rhode Island 19759:Pennsylvania 19739:North Dakota 18573:Presidential 18560: 18481:2012 (Tampa) 18204: 18184: 17785:presidential 17769:Presidential 17583: 17259:Westmoreland 17213: 16927: 16920:Barlow Irvin 16866: 16778: 16746: 16704: 16672: 16638: 16633: 16626:Omar Bradley 16614: 16585: 16580: 16560: 16532: 16527:James Chaney 16484: 16475: 16468: 16451:Eddie Slovik 16443: 16312: 16304: 16296: 16288: 16280: 16148:Boyhood home 16133:Bibliography 16063: 15807:Operation 40 15398: 15332: 15302: 15259: 15252: 15246: 15238: 15228: 15218: 15204: 15197: 15172: 15153: 15141: 15116: 15092: 15077: 15058: 15034: 15015: 15002: 14988: 14974: 14967: 14949: 14930: 14915: 14908: 14894: 14877: 14870: 14856: 14850: 14845:. Doubleday. 14842: 14823: 14820:Chernus, Ira 14799: 14760: 14737: 14712: 14689: 14667: 14657: 14638: 14625: 14610: 14592: 14572: 14550: 14521: 14501: 14484: 14463: 14447: 14428: 14405: 14392: 14379: 14343: 14334: 14323: 14314: 14303: 14294: 14282:. Retrieved 14275:the original 14268: 14256: 14245: 14236: 14225: 14216: 14204:. Retrieved 14200:the original 14190: 14185: 14180: 14168: 14159: 14141: 14129: 14118: 14109: 14098: 14089: 14077: 14068: 14050: 14038: 14020: 14008: 13996:. Retrieved 13992:the original 13985: 13976: 13964:. Retrieved 13960:the original 13953: 13944: 13933: 13924: 13906: 13894: 13882:. Retrieved 13878:the original 13873: 13864: 13852:. Retrieved 13846:(Newsreel). 13842: 13836: 13824:. Retrieved 13819: 13795:. Retrieved 13791:the original 13785:(Newsreel). 13781: 13775: 13763:. Retrieved 13758: 13747: 13738: 13732: 13720:. Retrieved 13700: 13688:. Retrieved 13684:the original 13670: 13658:. Retrieved 13654: 13634:the original 13624: 13607: 13595:. 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Hoover 25149:in repose 24796:Jaime Sin 24636:Elon Musk 24624:Joe Biden 24384:Ken Starr 24177:1976–2000 23842:1951–1975 23635:1927–1950 23289:Jack Kemp 23281:Jim Swink 23273:Jack Kemp 23265:Jim Brown 23007:Boudreaux 22959:Ueberroth 22887:Tagliabue 22855:de Varona 22775:Alexander 22597:Kraft Jr. 22444:Nominee: 22415:Nominee: 22388:Eric Hass 22386:Nominee: 22357:Nominee: 22328:Nominee: 22237:Nominee: 22221:Primaries 22163:Primaries 22014:Nominee: 21985:Nominee: 21964:Nominee: 21935:Nominee: 21906:Nominee: 21815:Nominee: 21799:Primaries 21727:Nominee: 21711:Primaries 21628:Armstrong 21616:Bollinger 21324:Leo Hoegh 21305:Leo Hoegh 20869:President 20678:timelines 20660:Joe Biden 20654:2017–2021 20644:2009–2017 20634:2001–2009 20624:1993–2001 20614:1989–1993 20604:1981–1989 20594:1977–1981 20584:1974–1977 20574:1969–1974 20564:1963–1969 20554:1961–1963 20544:1953–1961 20534:1945–1953 20524:1933–1945 20514:1929–1933 20504:1923–1929 20494:1921–1923 20484:1913–1921 20474:1909–1913 20464:1901–1909 20454:1897–1901 20444:1893–1897 20434:1889–1893 20424:1885–1889 20414:1881–1885 20394:1877–1881 20384:1869–1877 20374:1865–1869 20364:1861–1865 20354:1857–1861 20344:1853–1857 20334:1850–1853 20324:1849–1850 20314:1845–1849 20304:1841–1845 20284:1837–1841 20274:1829–1837 20264:1825–1829 20254:1817–1825 20244:1809–1817 20234:1801–1809 20224:1797–1801 20214:1789–1797 20125:Primaries 20061:Factional 19991:Sectional 19828:Territory 19814:Wisconsin 19779:Tennessee 19684:Minnesota 19659:Louisiana 19560:territory 19558:state and 19445:Gillespie 19430:Nicholson 19366:R. Morton 19346:T. Morton 19231:Rosewater 19221:Hitchcock 19211:Cortelyou 19033:Longworth 18896:McConnell 18776:Gallinger 18633:Roosevelt 18554:primaries 18534:primaries 18514:primaries 18494:primaries 18474:primaries 18454:primaries 18434:primaries 18414:primaries 18394:primaries 18374:primaries 18354:primaries 18334:primaries 18314:primaries 18294:primaries 18274:primaries 18254:primaries 18245:Goldwater 18234:primaries 18214:primaries 18194:primaries 18174:primaries 18154:primaries 18134:primaries 18114:primaries 18094:primaries 18074:primaries 18054:primaries 18034:primaries 18014:primaries 18009:Fairbanks 17994:primaries 17959:Fairbanks 17955:Roosevelt 17946:Roosevelt 17787:primaries 17665:Breedlove 17660:Stavridis 17605:Lemnitzer 17595:Gruenther 17517:Chiarelli 17417:B. Palmer 17387:Lemnitzer 17382:W. Palmer 17264:B. Palmer 17239:Lemnitzer 17199:MacArthur 17194:Summerall 17100:Schofield 17075:McClellan 17050:Wilkinson 17035:St. Clair 16944:Mose Sims 16888:Mose Sims 16407:(brother) 16401:(brother) 16395:(brother) 16389:(brother) 16383:(brother) 16075:Elections 16042:Sikes Act 14347:Libraries 13660:April 28, 13597:April 27, 13566:April 27, 13330:Billboard 13148:April 29, 12997:0145-2096 12924:0032-3195 12799:Frum 2000 11971:April 28, 11145:, p. 230. 10803:1520-3972 10748:0360-4918 10068:Frum 2000 9715:Cook 1981 9703:Cook 1981 9663:Owen 1999 9132:April 29, 8787:March 16, 8761:March 16, 8333:Owen 1999 8321:Owen 1999 8309:Owen 1999 8146:April 17, 8115:March 20, 7671:April 27, 7313:Citations 6565:Doctorate 6537:Doctorate 6425:Doctorate 6297:Location 6266:Edinburgh 5844:(Mexico) 5634:(France) 4775:up or out 4451:. In his 4417:Pat Nixon 3892:espionage 3816:spy plane 3767:in 1967. 3416:(SLBMs). 3386:communism 3188:with the 3113:Sputnik 1 2952:Columbine 2929:When the 2815:Louisiana 2741:Communism 2672:Democrats 2336:Holocaust 2303:with the 2155:De Gaulle 2091:divisions 2079:Mussolini 1981:Gibraltar 1820:James Ord 1647:armistice 1640:Camp Colt 1619:with the 1557:Zane Grey 1521:He began 1494:in 1968. 1480:Mary Jean 1316:in 1953. 1089:Guatemala 933:in 1944. 905:, he was 572:1961–1969 569:1915–1953 520:Signature 486:Education 476:Relatives 314:President 305:In office 249:President 240:In office 197:In office 187:13th 145:President 136:In office 79:In office 69:34th 25852:Politics 25614:McKinley 25586:Harrison 25230:McKinley 25217:Garfield 25145:in honor 24364:David Ho 22999:McLendon 22919:Dunwoody 22911:Mitchell 22903:Albright 22831:Staubach 22703:Lawrence 22661:Chandler 22637:Hamilton 21630:(2024–)* 21532:N. Moore 21514:B. Moore 21490:B. Moore 20813:Category 20715:Coolidge 20690:McKinley 20150:Trumpism 20005:Chairmen 19922:Factions 19884:Congress 19799:Virginia 19749:Oklahoma 19729:New York 19704:Nebraska 19694:Missouri 19679:Michigan 19669:Maryland 19654:Kentucky 19634:Illinois 19609:Delaware 19599:Colorado 19589:Arkansas 19479:McDaniel 19455:Martínez 19391:Richards 19306:Brownell 19301:Spangler 19286:Hamilton 19281:Fletcher 19191:Campbell 19186:Clarkson 19156:Chandler 19099:McCarthy 19075:Gingrich 18914:Speakers 18842:Knowland 18651:Coolidge 18627:McKinley 18621:Harrison 18609:Garfield 18045:Coolidge 18029:Coolidge 17942:McKinley 17929:McKinley 17916:Harrison 17903:Harrison 17877:Garfield 17776:national 17655:Craddock 17527:Campbell 17497:Shinseki 17487:Griffith 17467:Sullivan 17462:RisCassi 17457:A. Brown 17397:Eddleman 17309:Shinseki 17299:Sullivan 17209:Marshall 17184:Pershing 17169:H. Scott 17095:Sheridan 17070:W. Scott 17060:J. 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Hale 18758:Allison 18752:Sherman 18746:Edmunds 18740:Sherman 18734:Anthony 18712:leaders 18645:Harding 18591:Johnson 18585:Lincoln 18149:Bricker 18125:Willkie 18025:Harding 17985:Sherman 17972:Sherman 17868:Wheeler 17829:Johnson 17825:Lincoln 17812:Lincoln 17799:Frémont 17771:tickets 17732:History 17645:Ralston 17635:Joulwan 17600:Norstad 17590:Ridgway 17482:Tilelli 17452:Thurman 17447:Wickham 17437:Kroesen 17402:Hamlett 17367:Haislip 17362:Collins 17329:Odierno 17324:Dempsey 17289:Wickham 17254:Johnson 17249:Wheeler 17229:Ridgway 17224:Collins 17219:Bradley 17144:Chaffee 17090:Sherman 17080:Halleck 17025:Doughty 16928:No team 16783:in the 16709:nominee 16415:Related 16263:culture 16261:Popular 15628:Cabinet 15352:at the 15327:, from 14725:1247005 14628:(1944) 14250:. 1959. 13938:. 1945. 13067:1863309 12932:2151625 12883:May 23, 12758:May 19, 12723:May 19, 12655:May 19, 12629:May 19, 12542:Newsday 12487:May 17, 12361:May 30, 12327:May 23, 12287:May 23, 11222:, ch. 6 10554:May 23, 10524:May 23, 10086:vox.com 9705:, ch. 3 8507:May 25, 8073:May 23, 8011:May 23, 7981:May 23, 7973:. 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Once 2056:General 1991:Tunisia 1963:of the 1687:captain 1634:in the 1601:Georgia 1444:Georgia 1362:of the 1224:to the 1156:Sputnik 984:of the 978:Germany 925:in the 889:; born 449: 437: 295:of the 25828:Kansas 25698:(2005) 25680:(1995) 25678:Burger 25667:(1974) 25665:Warren 25640:(1963, 25632:(1945) 25624:(1923) 25616:(1901) 25604:(1865, 25596:(1850) 25594:Taylor 25588:(1841) 25498:(1873) 25390:(2018, 25356:(2004, 25354:Reagan 25329:(1973) 25311:(1969) 25303:(1964) 25286:(1963, 25263:(1930) 25255:(1923) 25232:(1901) 25219:(1881) 25192:(1865, 24658:(2023) 24650:(2022) 24638:(2021) 24630:(2020) 24618:(2019) 24610:(2018) 24581:(2017) 24573:(2016) 24565:(2015) 24557:(2014) 24539:(2013) 24531:(2012) 24523:(2011) 24515:(2010) 24507:(2009) 24499:(2008) 24491:(2007) 24483:(2006) 24475:(2005) 24456:(2004) 24448:(2003) 24440:(2002) 24421:(2001) 24402:(2000) 24394:(1999) 24386:(1998) 24374:(1997) 24366:(1996) 24358:(1995) 24350:(1994) 24342:(1993) 24319:(1992) 24311:(1991) 24303:(1990) 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18838:(1953) 18824:Wherry 18812:McNary 18806:Austin 18800:McNary 18794:Watson 18788:Curtis 18770:Cullom 18720:chairs 18681:Reagan 18657:Hoover 18615:Arthur 18611:(1881) 18485:Romney 18465:McCain 18449:Cheney 18429:Cheney 18389:Quayle 18369:Quayle 18345:Reagan 18325:Reagan 18249:Miller 18169:Warren 18129:McNary 18105:Landon 18089:Curtis 18085:Hoover 18069:Curtis 18065:Hoover 18005:Hughes 17989:Butler 17933:Hobart 17907:Morton 17890:Blaine 17881:Arthur 17855:Wilson 17842:Colfax 17816:Hamlin 17803:Dayton 17625:Galvin 17620:Rogers 17552:Mingus 17547:George 17542:Martin 17522:Austin 17492:Crouch 17472:Reimer 17442:Vessey 17432:Kerwin 17427:Weyand 17412:Haines 17407:Abrams 17392:Decker 17344:George 17334:Milley 17304:Reimer 17279:Rogers 17274:Weyand 17269:Abrams 17244:Decker 17234:Taylor 17065:Macomb 17030:Harmar 16954:(1941) 16946:(1940) 16914:(1928) 16906:(1927) 16898:(1926) 16890:(1925) 16877:(1923) 16869:(1916) 16668:Acting 16600:Acting 16335:(wife) 16325:Family 16126:Legacy 16066:(1948) 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The 1955:, 1942 1751:On War 1629:brevet 1534:, and 1460:Denver 1065:Taiwan 974:France 970:Sicily 762:Awards 443: 426:Spouse 421:(1909) 257:Deputy 154:Deputy 25864:Texas 25804:1950s 25792:1940s 25496:Chase 22943:Mills 22935:Dungy 22927:Allen 22895:Glenn 22879:Kraft 22839:Cohen 22807:Payne 22743:Ebert 22727:Zable 22686:Cosby 22621:Owens 22589:Hovde 22581:White 22504:House 22081:House 20795:Biden 20790:Trump 20785:Obama 20750:Nixon 19784:Texas 19664:Maine 19629:Idaho 19567:State 19386:Brock 19381:Smith 19361:Bliss 19356:Burch 19316:Scott 19311:Reece 19296:Walsh 19251:Adams 19206:Payne 19201:Hanna 19176:Jones 19171:Sabin 19039:Snell 18890:Frist 18872:Baker 18860:Baker 18854:Scott 18818:White 18782:Lodge 18699:Trump 18669:Nixon 18603:Hayes 18597:Grant 18549:Vance 18545:Trump 18529:Pence 18525:Trump 18509:Pence 18505:Trump 18469:Palin 18289:Agnew 18285:Nixon 18269:Agnew 18265:Nixon 18229:Lodge 18225:Nixon 18209:Nixon 18189:Nixon 18165:Dewey 18145:Dewey 18049:Dawes 17894:Logan 17864:Hayes 17851:Grant 17838:Grant 17650:Jones 17640:Clark 17532:Allyn 17507:Casey 17502:Keane 17377:Bolte 17319:Casey 17294:Vuono 17284:Meyer 17204:Craig 17189:Hines 17179:March 17174:Bliss 17149:Bates 17139:Young 17105:Miles 17085:Grant 17040:Wayne 16789:1969 16591:1945 16341:(son) 16117:1956) 16107:1956) 16097:1956) 16056:Books 15783:DARPA 14278:(PDF) 14265:(PDF) 14151:(PDF) 14138:(PDF) 14060:(PDF) 14047:(PDF) 14030:(PDF) 14017:(PDF) 13916:(PDF) 13903:(PDF) 13716:(PDF) 13709:(PDF) 13587:Axios 13447:(PDF) 13436:(PDF) 13218:(PDF) 13207:(PDF) 13063:JSTOR 13001:JSTOR 12928:JSTOR 11664:(PDF) 11657:(PDF) 11591:(PDF) 11584:(PDF) 10953:JSTOR 10807:S2CID 10752:JSTOR 9608:(PDF) 9601:(PDF) 9075:Road. 8970:: 62. 8942:(PDF) 8935:(PDF) 8236:(PDF) 8225:(PDF) 7665:(PDF) 7654:(PDF) 7340:: 134 7330:(PDF) 7275:Notes 7017:Major 6985:Major 6934:Major 6874:Cadet 6853:(DHL) 6722:India 6369:(DCL) 6300:Date 5299:w/ 1 5241:w/ 7 5121:w/ 4 4540:Death 3992:Brown 3870:Paris 3589:SEATO 3490:Matsu 3402:triad 3296:with 3263:over 3261:China 3221:Korea 2729:South 2545:, an 1691:major 1492:Julie 1472:David 1326:Edgar 1274:Edgar 1182:. 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12246:2013 12202:2016 12176:2016 12145:2016 12118:2016 12087:2016 11973:2017 11960:ISBN 11933:2012 11672:2018 11634:2018 11599:2018 11557:2018 11526:2017 11481:ISBN 11385:2012 11344:ISBN 11105:ISBN 10985:ISBN 10912:ISBN 10799:ISSN 10744:ISSN 10589:2012 10556:2008 10526:2008 10496:2008 10390:2015 10377:ISBN 10326:ISBN 10276:ISBN 10249:ISBN 10228:2011 10119:ISBN 10098:2019 10037:ISBN 9977:2008 9965:Time 9645:ISBN 9616:2017 9548:2013 9516:2016 9220:ISBN 9134:2013 9097:ISBN 9059:2017 9022:2010 8950:2017 8878:2011 8865:ISBN 8835:2011 8822:ISBN 8789:2016 8763:2016 8685:2008 8583:2021 8509:2016 8495:ACBL 8475:2020 8443:ISBN 8418:ISBN 8399:2013 8363:2012 8293:2017 8267:2017 8171:ISBN 8148:2013 8117:2018 8075:2008 8039:ISBN 8013:2008 7983:2008 7956:2012 7926:2012 7896:2008 7858:2008 7825:2008 7812:Time 7768:Time 7727:Time 7673:2013 7608:2020 7595:ISBN 7538:2016 7525:ISBN 7477:2012 7464:ISBN 7445:2011 7437:Life 7407:2012 7376:2021 7346:2024 6856:Yes 6837:Ohio 6810:1965 6806:Iowa 6698:1958 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