1220:
for refining and developing the geodesic dome, the first practical dome structure) it was inexpensive, durable and energy efficient; Fuller worked diligently to cut back the amount of material and energy used by any product he designed. "You've produced exactly the car I've always wanted to produce," the mechanically apt
Chrysler told him. Then Chrysler noted ruefully, Fuller had taken one-third the time and one fourth the money Chrysler's corporation usually spent producing prototypes — prototypes Chrysler himself usually hated in the end. For a few months, it had seemed Chrysler would go ahead and introduce Fuller's car. But the banks that financed Chrysler's wholesale distributors vetoed the move by threatening to call in their loans. The bankers were afraid (or so Fuller said years later) that an advanced new design would diminish the value of the unsold motor vehicles in dealers' showrooms. For every new car sold, five used cars had to be sold to finance the distribution and production chain, and those cars would not sell if Fuller's invention made them obsolete.
29:
867:
evade the politician's car. The inquest showed, they argued, that the design of the
Dymaxion was not a factor in the crash. The politician's car, they further claimed, was quickly and illegally removed from the scene of the crash before reporters arrived. Turner was wearing a seatbelt but was killed when the canvas-covered roof framing collapsed. Dollfuss was not wearing a seatbelt, was ejected and landed nearby on his feet. Sempill was severely injured and took months to recover before he could testify at the subsequent inquest. The Dymaxion itself had rolled over and was badly damaged but was subsequently repaired by Fuller and Burgess.
442:
683:
231:
863:'s inquest did not ascribe fault for the accident, stating that it involved a collision with a car driven by a shoe salesman named Meyer Roth (Fuller erroneously identified Roth as a highly placed Chicago Parks commissioner). When Fuller learned that another car was involved, he placed the blame for the incident entirely on Roth. Eyewitnesses, however, stated that Roth's vehicle struck the Dymaxion only after it had begun to roll over.
934:
661:, below), Fuller is seen driving the vehicle at high speed. Another shows Fuller showing off his speeding ticket, demonstrating its ability to turn "on itself", easily parallel parking in a space only six inches longer than the car, remarking that he averaged over 22 mpg (up to 30 mpg), and commenting on its stability, with a center of gravity both low and ahead of the midpoint of its wheelbase.
962:. Foster's team conducted extensive research to replicate its interior, which had completely deteriorated on the only surviving prototype and had not been well documented. Foster was able to borrow Prototype Two under the condition he would also restore its interior. Prototype Two was shipped to the U.K. in order for the work to be carried out before returning to the
638:"turned sideways" (transverse leaf springs) and bodywork featured sheet aluminum over an ash wood frame, with a roof partially constructed of snap-on painted canvas. Original blueprints indicate seating for four, including the driver. Fuller said he had achieved fuel economy of 36 mpg (7.8l/100 km) and to have reached a speed of 206 km/h (128 mph).
866:
Fuller, who was not present at the accident, provided his version of events in a book he wrote in collaboration with Robert Marks on the
Dymaxion; this account was repeated in Lloyd Steven Sieden's book on Fuller. They stated that the two vehicles were traveling at 70 mph, with Turner trying to
790:
called ground looping. I realized that the most difficult conditions for my omni-medium jet-stilt superbly faired flying device would be when it was on the ground. What is popularly called the
Dymaxion Car were the first three vehicles designed to test ground taxiing under transverse wind conditions.
333:
lock), the vehicle could steer itself in a tight circle, often causing a sensation. Fuller noted severe limitations in its handling, especially at high speed or in high wind, due to its rear-wheel steering (highly unsuitable for anything but low speeds) and the limited understanding of the effects of
1219:
In 1934, Fuller had interested auto magnate Walter
Chrysler in financing his Dymaxion car, a durable, three-wheeled, aerodynamic land vehicle modeled after an airplane fuselage. Fuller had built three models that drew enthusiastic crowds wherever. Like all Fuller's other projects (he was responsible
789:
Everything in the
Universe is always moving in the direction of least resistance. When what we call a light plane, one flown by an individual, lands crosswind, its fairing or streamlining makes it want to turn violently in the direction of the wind – the direction of least resistance. This is
804:
Fuller and
Burgess realized early that the Dymaxion concept would present considerable challenges. As anticipated, and in line with the purpose of the exploration, maneuvering in high winds proved problematic, with the vehicle having a strong tendency to turn into the wind. Steering difficulty and
570:
Fuller theorized that getting a long, aerodynamic 'plane' fuselage – which was also inclined to have trailing, rear steering – to land safely and not immediately turn into the wind, would be a major challenge. The vehicle would inherently exhibit something he called "ground-loopiness,"
550:
a vehicle that could go anywhere, the
Dymaxion would ultimately have "wheels for ground travel and jet stilts for instant takeoff and flight." Jet stilts were Fuller's placeholder idea for a future technology that could provide compact, concentrated lift — twenty years before the commercial
920:
At various points, it appeared that several manufacturers were interested in marketing the
Dymaxion. Walter Chrysler was interested, although he advised Fuller that such an advanced design would meet considerable resistance, and would make every used car on the road obsolete, threatening the
870:
In the press, no mention was made that the
Dymaxion had been involved in a two-car crash. Instead, the cause of the crash was attributed to the car's unconventional configuration: headlines in New York and Chicago read, "Freak car rolls over – killing famous driver – injuring international
342:
on automobile bodies in that era – allowing only trained staff to drive the car and saying it "was an invention that could not be made available to the general public without considerable improvements." Shortly after its launch, a prototype crashed and killed the Dymaxion's driver.
562:
Fuller favored front-wheel drive, studying the way a wheelbarrow could more effectively pull its load rather than pitch forward when pushing a load. He began studies of the relationships between vehicles (cars, trucks – and also birds and fish) with the media in which they operated
449:
Fuller initially refused his benefactor, concerned about potential profit motives and short-sightedness. Fuller devised a contract, famously adding a so-called "ice cream soda clause" where Fuller could freely buy only ice cream sodas with all the donated money, should he so choose.
437:
a large quantity of stock before the Great Depression, becoming instantly wealthy. Pearson had known of Fuller's studies, had more wealth than he needed, and felt he could put Fuller and others to work in a way that would also do something to alleviate unemployment.
382:, his theory of using all technology on behalf of all people as soon as possible, but by this point it was "his job, Fuller decided, to identify a problem, develop a way to solve it, and wait – perhaps as long as twenty-five years – for public awareness to catch up.
262:– using donated money as well as a family inheritance – to explore not an automobile per se, but the 'ground-taxiing phase' of a vehicle that might one day be designed to fly, land and drive – an "Omni-Medium Transport". Fuller associated the word
200:
With such a vehicle at our disposal, felt that human travel, like that of birds, would no longer be confined to airports, roads, and other bureaucratic boundaries, and that autonomous free-thinking human beings could live and prosper wherever they chose.
412:
With such a vehicle at our disposal, felt that human travel, like that of birds, would no longer be confined to airports, roads, and other bureaucratic boundaries, and that autonomous free-thinking human beings could live and prosper wherever they
567:) – as well as steering mechanisms in nature, especially the rear "single fin" steering of birds and fish. Burgess, inventor of the first delta-wing aircraft, was invaluable to the project – but skeptical the vehicle would ever fly.
350:
and reiterating that the Dymaxion was never intended as a commercial venture. One of the three original prototypes survives, and two semi-faithful replicas have recently been constructed. The Dymaxion was included in the 2009 book
808:
Fuller realized the Dymaxion "was an invention that could not be made available to the general public without considerable improvements," and instituted a program of constant refinement and improvement to the platform.
917:, which Walter Chrysler ultimately found inferior. Chrysler commissioned Fuller to study the development of the Airflow, finding that Fuller had used one quarter the money and a third the time to make his prototype.
648:
featured developmental improvements including a lighter three-frame chassis central periscope providing rearward vision, larger side windows, recessed headlights and a roof-mounted stabilizer with rear-facing exhaust
558:
Estimating that designing a land–sea–air vehicle was then financially and technically out of reach, Fuller focused on the most dangerous and challenging mode of such vehicle: landing and taxiing on hard ground.
678:
fair. The car was repaired and sold to the director of the automotive division of the U.S. Bureau of Standards (BoS), only to be subsequently destroyed in a fire at the Washington D.C. garage of the BoS.
1383:
980:
in Nashville, Tennessee, and built by craftsmen in Pennsylvania (chassis) and the Czech Republic (bodywork). After driving the Lane replica in 2015, automotive journalists Jamie Kitman and
848:
World's Fair." The Dymaxion rolled over during the crash, killing its driver, Gulf employee Francis T. Turner, and seriously injuring its passengers: aviation pioneer (and noted spy)
925:, author Art Kleiner said bankers had threatened to recall their loans, feeling the car would destroy sales for second-hand cars and for vehicles already in distribution channels.
220:
Fuller described the Dymaxion as a "zoomobile", explaining that it could hop off the road at will, fly about, then, as deftly as a bird, settle back into a place in traffic.
1586:
626:. The front axle was a re-purposed and inverted (the flipped axle must be inverted to prevent the pinion gears from running the wrong way) rear axle from a contemporary
346:
Despite courting publicity and the interest of auto manufacturers, Fuller used his inheritance to finish the second and third prototypes, selling all three, dissolving
481:
mechanics. 1000 workmen had applied for the 27 jobs. The first of three prototypes was completed in three months – on Fuller's 38th birthday, July 12, 1933.
913:
Chrysler said Fuller had "produced exactly the car always wanted to produce", when his company had set out to design a highly advanced, aerodynamic car, the
1202:
1387:
1340:
571:
and chose to focus his energy there. Although it was never intended as such, Fuller anticipated the public would instinctively call such a vehicle an
2474:
1058:
2372:
812:
Because of its limitations, Fuller and Burgess limited driving to a list of trained drivers and restricted use in high winds or inclement weather.
370:
said Fuller "saw the Dymaxion, as he saw much of the world, as a kind of provisional prototype, a mere sketch, of the glorious, eventual future."
494:
1501:
1424:
1614:
421:
A "zoomobile", explaining that it could hop off the road at will, fly about, then, as deftly as a bird, settle back into a place in traffic.
2047:
2180:
1306:
1080:
959:
2020:
1994:
849:
1364:
2357:
1936:
1812:
1593:
2148:
2469:
2400:
1629:
1161:
623:
393:
Fuller edited the magazine anonymously for two years, and in 1928 published sketches of his land-air-water vehicle, called a
316:
134:
598:" and concluded "the Dymaxion car looks close to a drag optimum style and serves as a useful reference for low drag forms."
2212:
425:
Fuller was offered $ 5,000 (2023: $ 119,500) from wealthy former stock trader and socialite Philip (variously reported as
2438:
1486:
2089:
575:, and when licensing to drive the vehicle on Connecticut roads, acquiesced and applied for an automobile registration.
445:
The Dymaxion Corporation factory at the defunct Locomobile dynamometer building, Tongue Pointe, Bridgeport, Connecticut
1955:
1904:
1511:
1450:
1316:
1212:
1151:
2173:
631:
171:
2367:
401:
stood for Four Dimensional, a term used in physics and mathematics, referring to length, width, depth and time.
2342:
1090:
718:
asked that the Dymaxion be her official car for the celebration of her receiving the National Gold Medal from
710:
and driven cross country in a nationwide advertising promotion of aircraft fuel. In a contemporary video (see
2062:
779:
One of the prototypes was driven extensively in a campaign to raise funds in support of the Allies in WW II.
466:
2394:
1114:
587:
2459:
2433:
2166:
719:
28:
2111:
963:
699:
1054:
2330:
1871:
1428:
1017:(1921), first aerodynamic "teardrop" car to be designed and serially produced (about 100 units built)
772:
2255:
610:, at 20 feet (6.1 m) long, was built on a hinged two-frame chassis constructed of lightweight
91:
2204:
1365:"Passenger Files: Francis T. Turner, Colonel William Francis Forbes-Sempill and Charles Dollfuss"
470:
441:
161:
49:
1896:
1451:"Dymaxion Car at the National Automobile Museum in Reno, Nevada. The only surviving prototype"
828:
race track, beating the track record by 50% and drawing attention because it did not slide or
2464:
2314:
1384:"Maximum Dynamism! Jeff Lane's Fuller Dymaxion Replica Captures Insane Cool of the Originals"
981:
829:
707:
454:
2153:
2387:
2325:
2320:
2220:
2024:
1998:
1014:
8:
2227:
1854:
1824:
944:
845:
755:
675:
591:
478:
301:
255:
1368:
586:
models of the Dymaxion to help determine its teardrop shape. Authors of a 2011 detailed
2297:
2189:
1889:
1858:
1818:
955:
759:
366:
326:
247:
107:
87:
730:
changed hands many times but was lost, presumed scrapped, in the 1950s. Once owned by
724:. Dymaxion Prototype Two was driven to Washington and garnered considerable publicity.
2408:
2291:
2085:
1900:
1842:
1828:
1507:
1312:
1208:
1157:
1086:
994:
977:
743:
731:
357:
312:
129:
82:
1566:
2415:
2377:
914:
619:
615:
474:
335:
259:
251:
1775:
2420:
1850:
887:
853:
825:
751:
434:
297:
2335:
2243:
2134:
2080:
Glancey, Jonathan; Chu, Hsiao-Yun; Jenkins, David; Fuller, Buckminster (2011).
1866:
1862:
1584:
1537:
1178:
907:
767:
763:
715:
595:
564:
430:
119:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2105:
1659:
1033:
2453:
2273:
1834:
938:
878:, with his only surviving daughter, Allegra (Allegra Fuller Snyder), aboard.
738:
In 1934, Noguchi drove a completed Dymaxion on an extended road trip through
682:
579:
509:
496:
95:
2261:
1846:
1027:
967:
895:
747:
706:. Prototype Two was initially purchased by Alfred Williams, manager of the
703:
552:
404:
Regarding the 4D transport, author Lloyd S. Sieden, wrote in his 2000 book
235:
141:
2285:
1838:
1675:
1021:
739:
674:
was badly damaged in the noted car crash at the time of the 1933 Chicago
635:
583:
462:
305:
269:
112:
1024:, improved on the Tropfenwagen by placing the wheels inside the car body
844:
on October 27, 1933, occurred "virtually at the entrance to the Chicago
2279:
2267:
1000:
903:
891:
611:
526:
484:
On October 18, 1933, Fuller filed a patent, which was granted in 1937.
433:) of Philadelphia. Pearson was a stock broker and had presciently sold
339:
1585:
Geoff Le Good; Chris Johnson; Brian Clough; Rob Lewis (June 9, 2011).
2382:
2362:
2158:
921:
wholesale dealer distribution and finance network. In his 1988 book,
627:
308:
230:
164:
2149:
The Dymaxion Car – The Futuristic Vehicle That Remains in the Future
594:
of the Dymaxion bodywork noted the form's "similarity in shape to a
2352:
2347:
2048:"A Test Drive of the Death-Trap Car Designed by Buckminster Fuller"
690:
on display at the National Automobile Museum in Reno, Nevada (2007)
622:
engine producing 85 brake horsepower (63 kW; 86 PS) in a
330:
322:
264:
1973:
1341:"The Dramatic Failure of Buckminster Fuller's "Car of the Future""
933:
258:. Fuller built three experimental prototypes with naval architect
899:
860:
984:
described it as having very poor stability and vehicle control.
296:
The Dymaxion's aerodynamic bodywork was designed for increased
156:
1615:"Dymaxion blueprints discovered in attic going up for auction"
1082:
The 20th Century A–GI: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 7
534:
Signage on the Tongue Pointe, former Locomobile building read
146:
Varied per prototype: double or triple hinged, cromoly steel
417:
To his daughter, Allegra, he described the Dymaxion as:
385:
In 1930, Fuller had purchased an architectural magazine,
2079:
1553:
Inventions, The Patented Works of R. Buckminster Fuller
1411:
Inventions: The Patented Works of R. Buckminster Fuller
954:
was built in October 2010, by architect and student of
797:
Inventions: The Patented Works of R. Buckminster Fuller
529:
of the Dymaxion carried the name of the company as the
2409:
The Last Dymaxion: Buckminster Fuller’s Dream Restored
2142:
Dymaxion car introduction, with chassis demonstration
1408:
1020:
Persu car (1922–1923), designed by Romanian engineer
734:, it was estimated to have been driven 300,000 miles.
2060:
805:
lift at the rear of the vehicle were also observed.
1304:
469:at Tongue Point, on the west side of the harbor in
378:Fuller would ultimately go on to fully develop his
1888:
824:, Fuller was invited to exhibit the Dymaxion at a
2121:on YouTube, excerpt from the Robert Snyder film,
1716:
1714:
1698:
1696:
2451:
2373:R. Buckminster Fuller and Anne Hewlett Dome Home
1934:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1535:
1381:
1130:
1128:
947:cites two "faithful or semi-faithful" replicas:
601:
453:On March 4, 1933 – as President Roosevelt
429:) Pearson and his wife Temple Pearson (niece of
254:and featured prominently at Chicago's 1933/1934
1886:
1230:
1228:
1207:. Jossey Bass, Warren Bennis Signature Series.
1711:
1693:
1487:"Cars of Futures Past – Dymaxion 4D Transport"
1367:. Stanford University Archives. Archived from
293:, to summarize his goal to do more with less.
2174:
1800:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. pp. 30, 113.
1744:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1630:"In search of the birthplace of the Dymaxion"
1627:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1125:
997:for overview of early aerodynamic automobiles
546:Because Fuller was aiming for what he called
1895:. San Francisco: Harper & Row. pp.
1499:
1448:
1225:
1078:
355:and was the subject of the 2012 documentary
2118:Dymaxion car with narration by Bucky Fuller
1813:"Passenger Files: Isamo Noguchi, 1904–1988"
1567:"R. (Richard) Buckminster Fuller 1895-1983"
1375:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1200:
1112:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
832:across the track like the other race cars.
477:and a team of 27 workmen, including former
2181:
2167:
1636:
1603:
1544:
1484:
1402:
1338:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
665:
27:
2021:"Dymaxion car 2 – O'Rourke CoachTrimmers"
1682:(article). Thirteen.org. 12 December 2001
1661:Dymaxion Automobile R. Buckminster Fuller
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
856:, curator of France's first air museum.
698:survives in the Harrah Collection of the
380:Comprehensive Anticipatory Design Science
225:R. (Richard) Buckminster Fuller 1895-1983
2475:Rear-engined, front-wheel-drive vehicles
2045:
2039:
1956:"Norman Foster's futuristic concept car"
1924:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 112.
1922:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1798:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1762:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1740:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 111.
1738:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1725:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 113.
1723:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1707:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 109.
1705:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1427:. Bucky Fuller Institute. Archived from
1417:
1357:
1237:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1139:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 104.
1137:The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
1065:
1036:(1939), German prototype, never produced
932:
714:, below), Fuller notes that good friend
681:
440:
229:
2061:Jamie Lincoln Kitman (April 27, 2015).
1880:
1811:Gorman, Michael John (March 12, 2002).
1764:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 30.
1621:
1493:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1305:Lloyd Steven Sieden (August 11, 2000).
1243:
1239:. Anchor Press / Doubleday. p. 29.
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
782:
304:featured a lightweight hinged chassis,
2452:
2188:
2054:
1953:
1928:
1810:
1804:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1550:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1187:
1176:
1149:
1115:"A 3-Wheel Dream That Died at Takeoff"
1007:Early "teardrop" cars, chronologically
859:The cause of the crash is disputed. A
2401:Buckminster Fuller: Thinking Out Loud
2162:
1919:
1795:
1759:
1735:
1720:
1702:
1592:. Hemmings Motor News. Archived from
1587:"The Aesthetics of Low Drag Vehicles"
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1234:
1134:
624:rear-engine, front-wheel-drive layout
238:shown entering the car, carrying coat
2213:Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth
1935:Jonathan Glancey (October 5, 2010).
1559:
1465:
1099:
2130:Dymaxion car driven by Bucky Fuller
1995:"Dymaxion – O'Rourke CoachTrimmers"
1937:"Norman Foster's back-to-front car"
1841:in the completed Dymaxion car with
1628:Daniel Strohl (November 13, 2009).
1573:
1520:
1382:Davey G. Johnson (March 18, 2015).
711:
658:
13:
2073:
1954:Allsop, Laura (October 15, 2010).
1536:Olive Hoogenboom (February 2000).
1425:"About Fuller, Session 9, Part 15"
1325:
937:2010 replica of 1933 Dymaxion, by
461:, set up a workshop in the former
246:was designed by American inventor
234:The Dymaxion car, c. 1933, artist
14:
2486:
2358:Proposed Brooklyn Dodgers stadium
2099:
1891:Frida, a biography of Frida Kahlo
1555:. St. Martin's Press. p. 30.
1503:Fifty Cars that Changed the World
874:Fuller himself would later crash
353:Fifty Cars That Changed The World
2082:Buckminster Fuller: Dymaxion Car
1386:. Car and Driver. Archived from
881:
578:Fuller had worked with sculptor
2123:The World of Buckminster Fuller
2063:"Test Drives: The Dymaxion Car"
2013:
1987:
1976:. Synchronofile.com. 2009-09-19
1966:
1947:
1913:
1861:for the out-of-town opening of
1789:
1768:
1729:
1668:
1442:
1339:Nevala-Lee, Alec (2022-08-02).
898:as well as companies including
815:
762:for the out-of-town opening of
455:instituted a banking moratorium
2298:Expo 67 United States Pavilion
1827:Humanities Lab. Archived from
1817:Towards a cultural history of
1613:Daniel Strohl (May 20, 2013).
1540:. American National Biography.
1409:R. Buckminster Fuller (1983).
1170:
1143:
1047:
886:Fuller received interest from
389:, which he ultimately renamed
135:Rear-engine, front-wheel-drive
1:
1485:Kurt Ernst (March 27, 2014).
1308:Buckminster Fuller's Universe
1153:Buckminster Fuller's Universe
1150:Sieden, Lloyd Steven (2000).
1040:
840:A highly publicized crash in
602:Prototypes One, Two and Three
216:To his young daughter Allegra
2470:Three-wheeled motor vehicles
2395:Buckminster Fuller Challenge
2368:Old Man River's City project
2343:Cloud Nine tensegrity sphere
2154:CFD Analysis of Dymaxion Car
1837:went on a road trip through
1551:Fuller, Buckminster (1983).
1183:. Prentice-Hall. p. 17.
1156:. Basic Books. p. 132.
1113:Phil Patton (June 2, 2008).
657:In contemporary videos (see
588:computational fluid dynamics
473:, and hired naval architect
329:at the rear (capable of 90°
327:steering via its third wheel
189:20 ft (6,096.0 mm)
7:
2046:Dan Neil (April 24, 2015).
1085:. Routledge. p. 1266.
988:
952:The Foster Dymaxion Replica
928:
124:Sheet aluminum on ash frame
10:
2491:
2050:. The Wall Street Journal.
1201:Art Kleiner (April 2008).
964:National Automobile Museum
835:
700:National Automobile Museum
614:with aircraft-type dished
373:
2429:
2331:Design science revolution
2307:
2236:
2196:
1872:Four Saints in Three Acts
974:The Lane Dymaxion Replica
773:Four Saints in Three Acts
630:. Tires were provided by
618:– and powered by a
541:
268:with much of his work, a
185:
180:
170:
155:
150:
140:
128:
118:
106:
101:
81:
73:
63:
55:
43:
38:
26:
21:
2256:Dymaxion deployment unit
1887:Herrera, Hayden (1983).
995:Streamliner: Automobiles
976:was commissioned by the
465:building of the defunct
196:The Omni-Media-Transport
47:The Dymaxion Corporation
2205:Nine Chains to the Moon
1974:"Dymaxion Car Restored"
1831:on September 16, 2007.
1776:"Dymaxion Car Restored"
1538:"R. Buckminster Fuller"
666:Later prototype history
510:41.167250°N 73.180306°W
471:Bridgeport, Connecticut
406:Bucky Fuller's Universe
300:and top speed, and its
208:Bucky Fuller's Universe
77:Bridgeport, Connecticut
50:Bridgeport, Connecticut
1920:Marks, Robert (1973).
1796:Marks, Robert (1973).
1760:Marks, Robert (1973).
1736:Marks, Robert (1973).
1721:Marks, Robert (1973).
1703:Marks, Robert (1973).
1632:. Hemmings Motor News.
1617:. Hemmings Motor News.
1489:. Hemmings Motor News.
1235:Marks, Robert (1973).
1135:Marks, Robert (1973).
941:
792:
691:
634:. The suspension used
548:Omni Medium Transport,
446:
423:
415:
239:
222:
203:
69:three prototypes built
2315:Allegra Fuller Snyder
2107:Dymaxion car at speed
1658:Bucky Fuller (1975).
1500:Andrew Nahum (2009).
1413:. St. Martin's Press.
1180:R. Buckminster Fuller
1177:McHale, John (1962).
1079:Frank Magill (1999).
1030:(1932–1935, 1946), US
936:
820:Soon after launching
787:
708:Gulf Refining Company
685:
515:41.167250; -73.180306
444:
419:
410:
233:
218:
206:Lloyd S. Sieden,
198:
2388:Buckminsterfullerene
2321:Current solar income
1857:, before going onto
1015:Rumpler Tropfenwagen
783:Handling limitations
758:, before driving to
489:Dymaxion Corporation
459:Dymaxion Corporation
348:Dymaxion Corporation
2228:Dymaxion Chronofile
1855:Hamden, Connecticut
1371:on August 21, 2012.
1204:The Age of Heretics
945:Hemmings Motor News
923:The Age of Heretics
846:Century of Progress
756:Hamden, Connecticut
721:National Geographic
676:Century of Progress
592:Coventry University
506: /
2460:Buckminster Fuller
2412:(2012 documentary)
2404:(1996 documentary)
2190:Buckminster Fuller
1849:– stopping to see
1819:Buckminster Fuller
1506:. Conran Octopus.
1449:Allison C. Meier.
1119:The New York Times
956:Buckminster Fuller
942:
795:Bucky Fuller,
750:, stopping to see
692:
590:(CFD) analysis at
582:to create plaster
467:Locomobile Company
447:
367:The New York Times
248:Buckminster Fuller
240:
2447:
2446:
2133:on YouTube, with
2027:on 30 August 2012
2001:on 30 August 2012
1843:Clare Boothe Luce
1569:. Coachbuilt.com.
1163:978-0-7382-0379-9
978:Lane Motor Museum
960:Sir Norman Foster
744:Clare Boothe Luce
732:Leopold Stokowski
358:The Last Dymaxion
313:front-wheel drive
193:
192:
2482:
2416:Karlis Johansons
2378:Ephemeralization
2183:
2176:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2108:
2095:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2023:. Archived from
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1997:. Archived from
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1894:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1591:
1582:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1518:
1517:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1336:
1323:
1322:
1302:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1110:
1097:
1096:
1076:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1051:
854:Charles Dollfuss
800:
616:lightening holes
551:availability of
521:
520:
518:
517:
516:
511:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
475:Starling Burgess
457:, Fuller formed
260:Starling Burgess
252:Great Depression
226:
211:
102:Body and chassis
92:Starling Burgess
56:Also called
33:Dymaxion replica
31:
19:
18:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2425:
2421:Kenneth Snelson
2303:
2232:
2192:
2187:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2076:
2074:Further reading
2071:
2070:
2059:
2055:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1952:
1948:
1933:
1929:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1885:
1881:
1851:Thornton Wilder
1833:Later in 1934,
1821:'s Dymaxion Car
1809:
1805:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1758:
1745:
1734:
1730:
1719:
1712:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1657:
1656:
1637:
1626:
1622:
1611:
1604:
1599:on Dec 5, 2021.
1596:
1589:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1549:
1545:
1534:
1521:
1514:
1498:
1494:
1483:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1390:on May 18, 2015
1380:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1337:
1326:
1319:
1311:. Basic Books.
1303:
1244:
1233:
1226:
1215:
1199:
1188:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1148:
1144:
1133:
1126:
1111:
1100:
1093:
1077:
1066:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1043:
991:
931:
888:Walter Chrysler
884:
850:William Sempill
838:
818:
802:
794:
785:
752:Thornton Wilder
728:Prototype Three
668:
604:
544:
533:
514:
512:
508:
505:
500:
497:
495:
493:
492:
376:
298:fuel efficiency
228:
224:
217:
213:
205:
197:
120:Body style
68:
48:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2488:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2336:Design science
2333:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2295:
2292:Fly's Eye Dome
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2244:Dymaxion house
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2138:
2135:Amelia Earhart
2126:
2114:
2101:
2100:External links
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:978-0956433930
2090:
2084:. Ivorypress.
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:. Cartalk.com.
2053:
2038:
2012:
1986:
1965:
1946:
1927:
1912:
1905:
1879:
1867:Virgil Thomson
1863:Gertrude Stein
1803:
1788:
1767:
1743:
1728:
1710:
1692:
1667:
1635:
1620:
1602:
1572:
1558:
1543:
1519:
1512:
1492:
1464:
1453:. AtlasObscura
1441:
1416:
1401:
1374:
1356:
1345:Slate Magazine
1324:
1317:
1242:
1224:
1213:
1186:
1169:
1162:
1142:
1124:
1098:
1091:
1064:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1003:
998:
990:
987:
986:
985:
971:
930:
927:
908:Curtiss-Wright
883:
880:
837:
834:
817:
814:
786:
784:
781:
768:Virgil Thomson
764:Gertrude Stein
736:
735:
725:
716:Amelia Earhart
712:External links
680:
679:
667:
664:
663:
662:
659:External links
651:
650:
642:Prototypes Two
639:
612:chromoly steel
603:
600:
596:humpback whale
565:fluid dynamics
543:
540:
539:
538:
523:
431:Isadora Duncan
375:
372:
215:
214:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
178:
177:
174:
168:
167:
159:
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
122:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
99:
98:
85:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2487:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2274:Geodesic dome
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:Critical Path
2218:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2042:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1906:0-06-091127-1
1902:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1883:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1807:
1799:
1792:
1777:
1771:
1763:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1717:
1715:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1631:
1624:
1616:
1609:
1607:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1562:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1513:9781840915853
1509:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1457:September 27,
1452:
1445:
1431:on 2015-05-18
1430:
1426:
1420:
1412:
1405:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1318:9780738203799
1314:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1214:9780470443415
1210:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
992:
983:
979:
975:
972:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
950:
949:
948:
946:
940:
939:Norman Foster
935:
926:
924:
918:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
882:Auto industry
879:
877:
876:Prototype Two
872:
871:passengers".
868:
864:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
842:Prototype One
833:
831:
827:
823:
822:Prototype One
813:
810:
806:
801:
798:
791:
780:
777:
775:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
733:
729:
726:
723:
722:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:Prototype Two
694:
693:
689:
688:Prototype Two
686:The Dymaxion
684:
677:
673:
672:Prototype One
670:
669:
660:
656:
653:
652:
647:
643:
640:
637:
633:
629:
628:Ford roadster
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
608:Prototype One
606:
605:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:Isamu Noguchi
576:
574:
568:
566:
560:
556:
554:
549:
537:
532:
528:
524:
519:
490:
487:
486:
485:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
443:
439:
436:
432:
428:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
371:
369:
368:
362:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
341:
337:
332:
328:
324:
321:layout), and
320:
319:
314:
310:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
291:
285:
283:
278:
276:
272:of the words
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
237:
232:
227:
221:
212:
209:
202:
188:
184:
179:
175:
173:
169:
166:
163:
162:Ford flathead
160:
158:
154:
149:
145:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
123:
121:
117:
114:
111:
109:
105:
100:
97:
96:Isamu Noguchi
93:
89:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
16:Motor vehicle
2465:Concept cars
2407:
2399:
2262:Dymaxion map
2250:Dymaxion car
2249:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2137:as passenger
2122:
2081:
2056:
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2025:the original
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
1999:the original
1989:
1978:. Retrieved
1968:
1959:
1949:
1941:The Guardian
1940:
1930:
1921:
1915:
1890:
1882:
1870:
1847:Dorothy Hale
1832:
1829:the original
1816:
1806:
1797:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1770:
1761:
1737:
1731:
1722:
1704:
1684:. Retrieved
1679:
1670:
1660:
1623:
1594:the original
1561:
1552:
1546:
1502:
1495:
1455:. Retrieved
1444:
1433:. Retrieved
1429:the original
1419:
1410:
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1388:the original
1377:
1369:the original
1359:
1348:. Retrieved
1344:
1307:
1236:
1218:
1203:
1179:
1172:
1152:
1145:
1136:
1118:
1081:
1049:
1028:Stout Scarab
973:
968:Reno, Nevada
951:
943:
922:
919:
912:
896:Henry Kaiser
885:
875:
873:
869:
865:
858:
841:
839:
821:
819:
816:Speed record
811:
807:
803:
796:
793:
788:
778:
771:
748:Dorothy Hale
737:
727:
720:
704:Reno, Nevada
695:
687:
671:
654:
645:
641:
636:leaf springs
607:
577:
572:
569:
561:
557:
547:
545:
536:4D Dymaxion.
535:
530:
501:73°10′49.1″W
498:41°10′02.1″N
488:
483:
458:
452:
448:
426:
424:
420:
416:
411:
405:
403:
398:
395:4D Transport
394:
390:
386:
384:
379:
377:
365:
363:
356:
352:
347:
345:
323:three wheels
317:
306:rear-mounted
295:
289:
287:
281:
280:
274:
273:
263:
256:World's Fair
244:Dymaxion car
243:
241:
236:Diego Rivera
223:
219:
207:
204:
199:
172:Transmission
88:Bucky Fuller
59:4D Transport
44:Manufacturer
22:Dymaxion car
2326:Synergetics
2286:Octet truss
1839:Connecticut
1676:"Bucky car"
1034:Schlörwagen
1022:Aurel Persu
1001:Flying cars
740:Connecticut
584:wind tunnel
531:4D Company,
513: /
479:Rolls-Royce
463:dynamometer
270:portmanteau
250:during the
113:Concept car
2454:Categories
2317:(daughter)
2280:World Game
2268:Tensegrity
2145:on YouTube
1980:2012-01-22
1686:2012-01-22
1435:2015-04-29
1350:2022-10-20
1092:1136593349
1055:US 2101057
1041:References
904:Studebaker
892:Henry Ford
573:automobile
527:Blueprints
491:location:
340:turbulence
181:Dimensions
151:Powertrain
64:Production
2383:Fullerene
2363:Gold Dome
2031:28 August
2005:28 August
1781:25 August
1394:April 28,
364:In 2008,
309:V8 engine
2434:Category
2353:Dymaxion
2348:Geoscope
1859:Hartford
1825:Stanford
1664:(Video).
989:See also
982:Dan Neil
929:Replicas
760:Hartford
632:Goodyear
391:Shelter.
387:T-Square
331:steering
315:(a rare
302:platform
265:Dymaxion
142:Platform
83:Designer
74:Assembly
39:Overview
2439:Commons
2308:Related
2112:YouTube
1865:'s and
1835:Noguchi
915:Airflow
900:Packard
861:coroner
836:Crashes
766:'s and
655:Videos:
649:outlet.
620:Ford V8
427:Phillip
374:History
325:. With
2300:(1967)
2294:(1965)
2288:(1961)
2282:(1961)
2276:(1953)
2270:(1949)
2264:(1946)
2258:(1940)
2252:(1933)
2246:(1928)
2224:(1981)
2216:(1968)
2208:(1938)
2125:, 1971
2088:
1903:
1899:–294.
1510:
1315:
1211:
1160:
1089:
1060:
894:, and
799:, 1983
542:Design
525:Note:
413:chose.
286:, and
210:, 2000
186:Length
157:Engine
130:Layout
2237:Other
2197:Books
1597:(PDF)
1590:(PDF)
830:drift
826:Bronx
742:with
646:Three
435:short
277:namic
108:Class
90:with
2086:ISBN
2033:2012
2007:2012
1901:ISBN
1845:and
1783:2012
1680:WNET
1508:ISBN
1459:2020
1396:2015
1313:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1087:ISBN
906:and
852:and
746:and
644:and
553:jets
338:and
336:lift
288:tens
284:imum
242:The
176:Ford
94:and
67:1933
2110:on
1960:CNN
1897:289
1869:'s
1853:in
966:in
770:'s
754:in
702:in
290:ion
282:max
2456::
1958:.
1939:.
1823:.
1815:.
1746:^
1713:^
1695:^
1678:.
1638:^
1605:^
1575:^
1522:^
1467:^
1343:.
1327:^
1245:^
1227:^
1217:.
1189:^
1127:^
1117:.
1101:^
1067:^
958:,
910:.
902:,
890:,
776:.
555:.
408::
399:4D
397:.
361:.
318:RF
311:,
279:,
275:dy
165:V8
2182:e
2175:t
2168:v
2094:.
2035:.
2009:.
1983:.
1962:.
1943:.
1909:.
1875:.
1785:.
1689:.
1516:.
1461:.
1438:.
1398:.
1353:.
1321:.
1166:.
1121:.
1095:.
970:.
563:(
522:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
