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Static programming languages (possibly indirectly) require developers to define the size of utilized memory before compilation (unless working around with pointer logic). Consistent with object runtime alteration, dynamic languages implicitly need to (re-)allocate memory based on program individual
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For instance, in a dynamic language, a variable can start as an integer. It can later be reassigned to hold a string without explicit type declarations. This feature of dynamic typing enables more fluid and less restrictive coding. Developers can focus on the logic and functionality rather than the
318:
As a lot of dynamic languages come with a dynamic type system, runtime inference of types based on values for internal interpretation marks a common task. As value types may change throughout interpretation, it is regularly used upon performing atomic operations.
199:
is a type of programming language which allows various operations to be determined and executed at runtime. This is different from the compilation phase. Key decisions about variables, method calls, or data types are made when the program is running, unlike in
379:, where they are a static feature which is built in a small subset of the language, and are capable only of string substitutions on the text of the program. In dynamic languages, however, they provide access to the inner workings of the compiler,
1247:
method gets redefined such that it assembles several methods into the effective method. The effective method gets assembled based on the class of the argument and the at runtime available and applicable methods.
383:
full access to the interpreter, virtual machine, or runtime, allowing the definition of language-like constructs which can optimize code or modify the syntax or grammar of the language.
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1922:; displaying the object again. The print-object function now has an effective method, which calls three methods: an around method, the primary method and the after method.
717:
This example shows how an existing instance can be changed to include a new slot when its class changes and that an existing method can be replaced with a new version.
204:, where the structure and types are fixed during compilation. Dynamic languages provide flexibility. This allows developers to write more adaptable and concise code.
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298:
A type or object system can typically be modified during runtime in a dynamic language. This can mean generating new objects from a runtime definition or based on
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data. It can, however, also include full evaluation and modification of a program's code as data, such as the features that Lisp provides in analyzing
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363:(the ability to examine classes, functions, and keywords to know what they are, what they do and what they know) and eval in a feature called
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containing code in the language and executes it. If this code stands for an expression, the resulting value is returned.
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or type tree, and thus altering the way that existing types behave (especially with respect to the invocation of
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Static Typing Where
Possible, Dynamic Typing When Needed: The End of the Cold War Between Programming Languages
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let foo = 42; // foo is now a number foo = "bar"; // foo is now a string foo = true; // foo is now a boolean
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2336:"Are Scripting Languages Any Good? A Validation of Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl against C, C++, and Java"
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The example shows how a function can be modified at runtime from computed source code
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A limited number of dynamic programming languages provide features which combine
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932:; the class person gets a second slot. It then has the slots name and age.
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2010:
1880:; the existing instance *person-1* now has a new slot and we set it to 42
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1995:
686:; the next call will call the new function, a feature of late binding
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of existing types or objects. This can also refer to changing the
2005:
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1823:; now we redefine the class person to include the mixin id-mixin
413:
The following examples show dynamic features using the language
2118:
2089:
2054:
282:, and warn that in many cases eval is used merely to implement
2550:"Dynamic Languages — ready for the next challenges, by design"
2527:"Dynamic Languages — ready for the next challenges, by design"
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2214:
2138:
1235:
Assembling of code at runtime based on the class of instances
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376:
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1986:. The following are generally considered dynamic languages:
339:
is common in many dynamic languages, and typically involves
2103:
1983:
258:
2460:"Scripting: Higher-Level Programming for the 21st Century"
770:; a custom printing method for the objects of class person
2299:. Advances in Computers. Vol. 77. pp. 149–184.
2163:
2108:
1975:
1724:; the print method just prints the value of the id slot
86:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
2253:. Static.springsource.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
367:. Most programmers today who are aware of the term
3437:
2507:"ActiveState Announces Focus on Dynamic Languages"
2388:"A Slightly Skeptical View on Scripting Languages"
1478:; now redefining the print method to be extensible
650:; a new version of the function is being compiled
434:; the source code is stored as data in a variable
3580:
16:Programming languages with runtime extensibility
425:Computation of code at runtime and late binding
1962:Popular dynamic programming languages include
712:
551:; the source code might be improved at runtime
3423:
2582:
322:
2471:. Vol. 31, no. 3. pp. 23–30.
293:
145:. There might be a discussion about this on
262:function. This function takes a string or
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3430:
3416:
2589:
2575:
2454:
2412:Programming is Hard, Let's Go Scripting...
2328:(Many use the term "scripting languages".)
2653:Programming in the large and in the small
2385:
2236:
1160:; we can set the new age slot of instance
1001:; updating the method to print the object
405:do not generally fit into this category.
183:Learn how and when to remove this message
165:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2333:
722:; a person class. The person has a name.
343:of the types and metadata of generic or
82:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3581:
2547:
2524:
3411:
2570:
2292:
1676:; a new class id-mixin provides an id
286:(by passing functions as strings) or
2433:
2405:
2251:Chapter 24. Dynamic language support
1586:; the primary method prints the name
215:
117:
59:
18:
2186:Comparison of programming languages
13:
2434:Roth, Gregor (November 20, 2007).
2334:Prechelt, Lutz (August 18, 2002).
2286:
270:and Peter Drayton distinguish the
14:
3605:
2322:
313:
211:
34:This article has multiple issues.
3197:Partitioned global address space
2436:"Scripting on the Java platform"
256:Some dynamic languages offer an
219:
122:
64:
23:
2548:Ascher, David (July 27, 2004).
2525:Ascher, David (July 27, 2004).
1301:; a person just prints its name
1239:In the next example, the class
408:
42:or discuss these issues on the
3439:Types of programming languages
2256:
2244:
2208:
1454:; displaying a person instance
1:
3594:Dynamic programming languages
3539:
2355:10.1016/S0065-2458(03)57005-X
2305:10.1016/s0065-2458(09)01205-4
2201:
1199:; the object has been updated
884:; one example person instance
331:
208:constraints of the language.
3571:Programming paradigms navbox
2724:Uniform Function Call Syntax
527:; the function can be called
197:dynamic programming language
7:
3192:Parallel programming models
3166:Concurrent constraint logic
2386:Bezroukov, Nikolai (2013).
2296:Dynamically Typed Languages
2179:
1957:
1243:gets a new superclass. The
10:
3610:
3285:Metalinguistic abstraction
3152:Automatic mutual exclusion
2218:and Peter Drayton (2005),
2016:ColdFusion Markup Language
323:Variable memory allocation
3498:
3445:
3340:
3225:
3157:Choreographic programming
3127:
2943:
2885:
2842:
2745:
2736:
2676:
2618:
2609:
713:Object runtime alteration
419:Common Lisp Object System
371:have encountered them in
354:
294:Object runtime alteration
274:offered by eval from the
3207:Relativistic programming
2293:Tratt, Laurence (2009).
2196:Von Neumann architecture
1250:
719:
431:
2070:Java (using Reflection)
1523:print-unreadable-object
1340:print-unreadable-object
1040:print-unreadable-object
809:print-unreadable-object
272:runtime code generation
251:
3217:Structured concurrency
2602:Comparison by language
1445:"Eva Luator"
914:"Eva Luator"
284:higher-order functions
3560:Programming languages
3182:Multitier programming
2998:Interface description
2598:Programming paradigms
2343:Advances in Computers
2001:C# (using Reflection)
1070:"~a age: ~"
2409:(December 6, 2007).
668:*best-guess-formula*
605:*best-guess-formula*
566:*best-guess-formula*
509:*best-guess-formula*
488:*BEST-GUESS-FORMULA*
449:*best-guess-formula*
264:abstract syntax tree
135:confusing or unclear
75:factual accuracy is
3589:Evaluation strategy
3322:Self-modifying code
2930:Probabilistic logic
2861:Functional reactive
2816:Expression-oriented
2770:Partial application
2456:Ousterhout, John K.
1793:<STANDARD-METHOD
1772:" ID: ~a"
1652:<STANDARD-METHOD
1556:<STANDARD-METHOD
1415:; a person instance
1391:<STANDARD-METHOD
1106:<STANDARD-METHOD
860:<STANDARD-METHOD
143:clarify the article
3235:Attribute-oriented
3008:List comprehension
2953:Algebraic modeling
2766:Anonymous function
2658:Design by contract
2628:Jackson structures
2417:State of the Onion
1871:<STANDARD-CLASS
1715:<STANDARD-CLASS
1292:<STANDARD-CLASS
1253:; the class person
992:<STANDARD-CLASS
761:<STANDARD-CLASS
361:code introspection
231:. You can help by
3549:Computer language
3536:
3535:
3405:
3404:
3295:Program synthesis
3187:Organic computing
3123:
3122:
3028:Non-English-based
3003:Language-oriented
2781:Purely functional
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249:
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116:
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57:
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3547:
3432:
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3418:
3409:
3408:
3307:by demonstration
3212:Service-oriented
3202:Process-oriented
3177:Macroprogramming
3162:Concurrent logic
3033:Page description
3023:Natural language
2993:Grammar-oriented
2920:Nondeterministic
2909:Constraint logic
2811:Point-free style
2806:Functional logic
2743:
2742:
2714:Immutable object
2633:Block-structured
2616:
2615:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2556:. Archived from
2544:
2542:
2536:. Archived from
2531:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2487:. Archived from
2477:10.1109/2.660187
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2400:
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2276:
2267:. Archived from
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2174:Wolfram Language
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280:shared libraries
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91:
88:reliably sourced
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19:
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3579:
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3532:
3494:
3485:Very high-level
3441:
3436:
3406:
3401:
3343:
3336:
3227:Metaprogramming
3221:
3137:
3132:
3119:
3101:Graph rewriting
2939:
2915:Inductive logic
2895:Abductive logic
2881:
2838:
2801:Dependent types
2749:
2728:
2700:Prototype-based
2680:
2678:Object-oriented
2672:
2668:Nested function
2663:Invariant-based
2605:
2595:
2552:. Whitepapers.
2540:
2532:. Whitepapers.
2529:
2516:
2514:
2513:. July 26, 2004
2505:
2497:
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2491:
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2444:
2425:
2423:
2397:
2395:
2377:
2375:
2365:
2338:
2325:
2315:
2289:
2287:Further reading
2284:
2283:
2274:
2272:
2265:"Groovy - Home"
2263:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2224:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2182:
2023:and most other
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665:'best-guess
664:
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631:
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541:
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506:'best-guess
505:
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427:
411:
357:
334:
325:
316:
296:
288:deserialization
276:dynamic loading
254:
245:
239:
236:
229:needs expansion
214:
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95:
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81:
73:This article's
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3607:
3597:
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3319:
3314:
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3272:
3267:
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3257:
3252:
3247:
3237:
3231:
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3220:
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3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
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3169:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3097:Transformation
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2983:Differentiable
2980:
2970:
2963:Automata-based
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2902:
2897:
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2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2830:Function-level
2827:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2692:
2690:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Non-structured
2640:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2560:on 2008-12-08.
2545:
2543:on 2008-11-18.
2503:
2458:(March 1998).
2452:
2431:
2403:
2394:(2.1 ed.)
2383:
2363:
2324:
2323:External links
2321:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2288:
2285:
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2281:
2255:
2243:
2238:10.1.1.69.5966
2206:
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2018:
2013:
2008:
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1993:
1959:
1956:
1877:4220333E23>
1820:4020278E33>
1721:422034A7AB>
1673:40202646BB>
1631:"~a"
1583:4020263743>
1412:40200605AB>
1370:"~a"
1298:4220333E23>
1251:
1236:
1233:
1127:402022ADE3>
998:4220333E23>
881:4020066E5B>
839:"~a"
767:4020081FB3>
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683:406000085C>
524:40600152F4>
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314:Type inference
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212:Implementation
210:
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3368:
3367:Data-oriented
3365:
3363:
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3333:
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3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3265:Homoiconicity
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
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3200:
3198:
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3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Concurrent OO
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3135:
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3126:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:Set-theoretic
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3047:Probabilistic
3045:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
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2996:
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2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:Concatenative
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
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2787:
2784:
2782:
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2777:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2762:
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2744:
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2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
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2712:
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2701:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2688:
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2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
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2629:
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2625:
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2592:
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2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2494:on 2020-07-27
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2453:
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2442:
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2418:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2393:
2389:
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2374:
2370:
2366:
2364:9780120121571
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2316:
2314:9780123748126
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2271:on 2014-03-02
2270:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2231:Corporation,
2230:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:SuperCollider
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1436:make-instance
1249:
1246:
1242:
1232:
905:make-instance
718:
430:
422:
420:
416:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
352:
350:
349:S-expressions
346:
342:
338:
329:
320:
311:
309:
305:
301:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:
243:
234:
230:
227:This section
225:
222:
218:
217:
209:
205:
203:
198:
187:
184:
169:
166:
158:
148:
147:the talk page
144:
138:
136:
131:This article
129:
120:
119:
110:
107:
99:
89:
85:
79:
78:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3574:}}
3568:{{
3563:}}
3557:{{
3552:}}
3546:{{
3372:Event-driven
3249:
2776:Higher-order
2704:Object-based
2558:the original
2538:the original
2515:. Retrieved
2496:. Retrieved
2489:the original
2466:
2445:. Retrieved
2439:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:
2411:
2396:. Retrieved
2392:Softpanorama
2391:
2376:. Retrieved
2346:
2342:
2327:
2326:
2295:
2273:. Retrieved
2269:the original
2258:
2246:
2220:
2216:Meijer, Erik
2210:
2191:Name binding
1991:ActionScript
1961:
1796:PRINT-OBJECT
1739:print-object
1655:PRINT-OBJECT
1601:print-object
1559:PRINT-OBJECT
1496:print-object
1427:defparameter
1394:PRINT-OBJECT
1316:print-object
1244:
1240:
1238:
1230:
1109:PRINT-OBJECT
1016:print-object
863:PRINT-OBJECT
785:print-object
716:
677:<Function
518:<Function
446:defparameter
428:
412:
409:Example code
385:
380:
368:
358:
335:
328:operations.
326:
317:
297:
257:
255:
240:October 2009
237:
233:adding to it
228:
206:
196:
194:
179:
161:
155:October 2009
152:
141:Please help
132:
102:
93:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3468:Interpreted
3382:Intentional
3362:Data-driven
3344:of concerns
3303:Inferential
3290:Multi-stage
3270:Interactive
3147:Actor-based
3134:distributed
3077:Stack-based
2877:Synchronous
2834:Value-level
2821:Applicative
2738:Declarative
2696:Class-based
2554:ActiveState
2534:ActiveState
2511:ActiveState
2407:Wall, Larry
2349:: 205–270.
2099:Objective-C
2021:Common Lisp
2011:CobolScript
1439:'person
1157:UNKNOWN>
908:'person
415:Common Lisp
345:polymorphic
304:inheritance
278:offered by
268:Erik Meijer
3583:Categories
3500:Generation
3480:High-level
3357:Components
3342:Separation
3317:Reflective
3311:by example
3255:Extensible
3129:Concurrent
3105:Production
3092:Templating
3072:Simulation
3057:Scientific
2977:Spacecraft
2905:Constraint
2900:Answer set
2852:Flow-based
2752:comparison
2747:Functional
2719:Persistent
2683:comparison
2648:Procedural
2620:Structured
2611:Imperative
2517:2020-07-27
2498:2020-07-27
2447:2020-07-27
2426:2020-07-27
2415:(Speech).
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2378:2020-07-27
2275:2014-03-02
2202:References
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