42:
840:
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634:
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625:(PSNS). The SNS controls the more active responses, such as increasing heart rate and blood pressure. The PSNS slows down the heart rate and aids digestion, for example. Symptoms typically arise from abnormal responses of either the sympathetic or parasympathetic systems based on situation or environment.
940:
The prognosis of dysautonomia depends on several factors; people with chronic, progressive, generalized dysautonomia in the setting of central nervous system degeneration such as
Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy generally have poorer long-term prognoses. Dysautonomia can be fatal due to
2856:
Lara A, Damasceno DD, Pires R, Gros R, Gomes ER, Gavioli M, Lima RF, GuimarĂŁes D, Lima P, Bueno CR, Vasconcelos A, Roman-Campos D, Menezes CA, Sirvente RA, Salemi VM, Mady C, Caron MG, Ferreira AJ, Brum PC, Resende RR, Cruz JS, Gomez MV, Prado VF, de
Almeida AP, Prado MA, Guatimosim S (April 2010).
392:
578:
can sometimes physically manifest symptoms resembling autonomic dysfunction. A thorough investigation ruling out physiological causes is crucial, but in cases where relevant tests are performed and no causes are found or symptoms do not match any known disorders, a primary anxiety disorder is
851:
Treatment of dysautonomia can be difficult; since it is made up of many different symptoms, a combination of drug therapies is often required to manage individual symptomatic complaints. In the case of autoimmune neuropathy, treatment with immunomodulatory therapies is done. If
278:
is available for many symptoms associated with dysautonomia, and some disease processes can be directly treated. Depending on the severity of the dysfunction, dysautonomia can range from being nearly symptomless and transient to disabling and/or life-threatening.
287:
Dysautonomia, a complex set of conditions characterized by autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, manifests clinically with a diverse array of symptoms, of which postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) stands out as the most common.
803:
Particularly in the
Russian literature, a subtype of dysautonomia that particularly affects the vascular system has been called vegetative-vascular dystonia. The term "vegetative" reflects an older name for the autonomic nervous system: the
2954:
2939:
1880:
Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, Kuwabara S, Mori M, Ito T, Yamamoto T, Awa Y, Yamaguchi C, Yuki N, Vernino S, Kishi M, Shirai K (2009). "Prevalence and mechanism of bladder dysfunction in
Guillain-Barre Syndrome".
2605:
641:
Diagnosis of dysautonomia depends on the overall function of three autonomic functions—cardiovagal, adrenergic, and sudomotor. A diagnosis should at a minimum include measurements of
2606:"Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products — Balloon angioplasty devices to treat autonomic dysfunction: FDA Safety Communication — FDA concern over experimental procedures"
2679:
Stallkamp Tidd SJ, Nowacki AS, Singh T, et al. (2024). "Comorbid anxiety is associated with more changes in the
Management of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome".
2105:"Sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis: a review of case-control studies"
2498:
Loganovsky K (1999). "Vegetative-Vascular
Dystonia and Osteoalgetic Syndrome or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome as a Characteristic After-Effect of Radioecological Disaster".
649:
while lying flat and after at least three minutes of standing. The best way to make a diagnosis includes a range of testing, notably an autonomic reflex screen,
2550:"Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: An Analysis of Cross-Cultural Research, Historical Research, and Patient Narratives of the Diagnostic Experience"
1301:
Imamura M, Mukaino A, Takamatsu K, Tsuboi H, Higuchi O, Nakamura H, Abe S, Ando Y, Matsuo H, Nakamura T, Sumida T, Kawakami A, Nakane S (February 2020).
407:(primary dysautonomia) or injury of the autonomic nervous system from an acquired disorder (secondary dysautonomia). Its most common causes include:
274:. Investigations may be performed to identify underlying disease processes that may have led to the development of symptoms or autonomic neuropathy.
3073:
1183:
2822:(free online version ed.). Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health.
2305:"Cardiac arrhythmias associated with volume-assured pressure support mode in a patient with autonomic dysfunction and mitochondrial disease"
3972:
3008:
3063:
2024:
3432:
932:(POTS) in which psychiatric diseases might underlie responds to psychiatric intervention/ medication, or shows spontaneous remission.
3773:
3096:
1006:
929:
264:
2055:
Acob, Lori Mae Yvette. (2021). Autonomic
Nervous System Dysfunction – Concussion Alliance. Retrieved 21 September 2021, from
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The symptoms of dysautonomia, which are numerous and vary widely for each person, are due to inefficient or unbalanced
2303:
Emanuel H, Ahlstrom K, Mitchell S, McBeth K, Yadav A, Oria CF, Da Costa C, Stark JM, Mosquera RA, Jon C (2021-04-01).
3967:
1352:
McIntosh RC (August 2016). "A meta-analysis of HIV and heart rate variability in the era of antiretroviral therapy".
690:
3001:
1837:
Zaeem Z, Siddiqi ZA, Douglas W, Zochodne DW (2019). "Autonomic involvement in
Guillain-Barré syndrome: an update".
658:
1798:
De
Wandele I, Rombaut L, Leybaert L, Van de Borne P, De Backer T, Malfait F, De Paepe A, Calders P (August 2014).
1083:
2814:
2068:
Aiba Y, Sakakibara R, Tateno F, Shimizu N (May 2021). "Orthostatic hypotension possibly caused by vincristine".
1400:"Autonomic dysfunction presenting as orthostatic intolerance in patients suffering from mitochondrial cytopathy"
3926:
3798:
3232:
1627:
Tateno F, Sakakibara R, Aiba Y, Ogata T (2020). "Alcoholism mimicking multiple system atrophy: a case report".
622:
482:
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2449:
Mustafa HI, Fessel JP, Barwise J, Shannon JR, Raj SR, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I, Robertson D (January 2012).
731:
430:
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3422:
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1497:"Efficacy of immunotherapy in seropositive and seronegative putative autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy"
1303:"Ganglionic Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies and Autonomic Dysfunction in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases"
236:
2778:
3402:
2859:"Dysautonomia due to reduced cholinergic neurotransmission causes cardiac remodeling and heart failure"
2632:"Treatment of long COVID complicated by postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome-Case series research"
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Raj V, Haman KL, Raj SR, Byrne D, Blakely RD, Biaggioni I, Robertson D, Shelton RC (March 2009).
1979:
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517:
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350:
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1800:"Dysautonomia and its underlying mechanisms in the hypermobility type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome"
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Kirk KA, Shoykhet M, Jeong JH, Tyler-Kabara EC, Henderson MJ, Bell MJ, Fink EL (August 2012).
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A similar form of this disorder has been historically noticed in various wars, including the
567:, raising the possibility that such dysautonomia could be their common clustering underlying
564:
275:
1723:"Predominant Glandular Cholinergic Dysautonomia in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome"
3866:
3826:
3693:
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3112:
3042:
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2103:
MartĂnez-MartĂnez LA, Mora T, Vargas A, Fuentes-Iniestra M, MartĂnez-LavĂn M (April 2014).
1799:
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244:
123:
111:
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8:
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3871:
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2407:
1084:"Dysautonomia Information Page | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"
1056:
914:
737:
580:
404:
219:, and blood vessels. Dysautonomia has many causes, not all of which may be classified as
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2001:
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103:
66:
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1721:
Imrich R, Alevizos I, Bebris L, Goldstein DS, Holmes CS, Illei GG, Nikolov NP (2015).
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Integrative action of the autonomic nervous system : neurobiology of homeostasis
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1213:"Treatment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson disease and other synucleinopathies"
853:
719:
672:
374:
165:
150:
Inadequacy of sympathetic, or parasympathetic, components of autonomic nervous system
107:
54:
2136:
1910:
1866:
1381:
921:, is specifically not approved in the United States to treat autonomic dysfunction.
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1941:
1640:
1001:
820:
642:
79:
41:
2841:(Digitally printed version. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2740:
2723:
2203:
The
Handbook of Adult Clinical Psychology: An Evidence Based Practice Approach
1850:
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1473:
1365:
3961:
3851:
3640:
3635:
3497:
3437:
3340:
2385:
2328:
2271:
2256:"Psychiatric profile and attention deficits in postural tachycardia syndrome"
1495:
Iodice V, Kimpinski K, Vernino S, Sandroni P, Fealey RD, Low PA (June 2009).
1460:
Peltier AC (June 2024). "Autonomic Dysfunction from Diagnosis to Treatment".
1423:
954:
892:
880:
857:
365:
304:
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signals sent via both systems. Symptoms in people with dysautonomia include:
270:
Diagnosis is made by functional testing of the ANS, focusing on the affected
83:
75:
2948:
2361:
3856:
3841:
3667:
3392:
3242:
3227:
3173:
2892:
2749:
2700:
2665:
2534:
2484:
2393:
2346:
2289:
2128:
2102:
2010:
1959:
1902:
1858:
1823:
1756:
1707:
1648:
1613:
1530:
1481:
1441:
1373:
1338:
1287:
1246:
839:
686:
568:
552:
325:
271:
212:
91:
71:
2567:
2511:
3715:
3660:
3557:
3412:
3387:
3205:
2874:
1561:
1319:
873:
812:
621:
and comprises two branches: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the
539:
417:
379:
360:
220:
155:
127:
2152:"Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): a diagnostic dilemma"
3803:
3688:
3655:
3427:
3377:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3335:
3325:
2549:
2081:
2057:
https://www.concussionalliance.org/autonomic-nervous-system-dysfunction
1057:"Autonomic Neuropathy Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes"
884:
773:
759:
646:
602:
473:
412:
300:
208:
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2320:
1894:
1738:
1415:
1228:
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3618:
3613:
3477:
3455:
3330:
3294:
2647:
2017:
1992:
1797:
942:
696:
654:
335:
330:
199:(ANS) does not work properly. This may affect the functioning of the
119:
115:
99:
59:
1672:"Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome"
1262:"Neurological manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome(s): A review"
664:
Additional tests and examinations to diagnose dysautonomia include:
633:
583:
index may have better predictivity for anxiety disorders, while the
391:
3382:
3159:
2527:
Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii, I Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury
2104:
1398:
Kanjwal K, Karabin B, Kanjwal Y, Saeed B, Grubb BP (October 2010).
777:
535:
444:
400:
310:
248:
139:
135:
95:
2524:
953:. Autonomic dysfunction symptoms such as orthostatic hypotension,
3861:
3321:
3289:
3182:
2525:
Ivanova ES, Mukharliamov FI, Razumov AN, Uianaeva AI (2008). "".
1109:"Dysautonomia | Autonomic Nervous System Disorders | MedlinePlus"
587:
may misleadingly suggest anxiety for patients with dysautonomia.
522:
204:
131:
2568:"H2 Blockers. Reducing stomach acid with H2 Blockers. | Patient"
2943:
1771:"Dysautonomia: Malfunctions in Your Body's Automatic Functions"
1151:"Autonomic Neuropathy. Information about AN. Patient | Patient"
763:
530:
526:
216:
2408:"Autonomic Nervous System — National Library of Medicine"
2362:"Autonomic dysfunction in epilepsy and mitochondrial diseases"
2227:
Tasman A, Kay J, First MB, Lieberman JA, Riba M (2015-03-30).
1879:
2302:
1720:
1577:
1300:
200:
3016:
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possible but should not be presumed. For such patients, the
3128:
2448:
2149:
2067:
1836:
699:
468:
223:. A number of conditions can feature dysautonomia, such as
2678:
1397:
726:
Tests to elucidate the cause of dysautonomia can include:
574:
In addition to sometimes being a symptom of dysautonomia,
16:
Any disease or malfunction of the autonomic nervous system
2721:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
1626:
928:(OH) in which neurodegenerative diseases might underlie,
464:
2722:
Vinik AI, Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Freeman R (May 2003).
2226:
1926:"Neuromuscular presentations in patients with COVID-19"
823:. This disorder was called "irritable heart syndrome" (
2855:
2630:
Tsuchida T, Ishibashi Y, Inoue Y, et al. (2023).
2629:
2042:
1923:
551:(SNS), predominant dysautonomia is common along with
2921:
968:
170:
Ambulatory Blood pressure, as well as EKG monitoring
2150:Soliman K, Sturman S, Sarkar PK, Michael A (2010).
1975:"Long COVID: mechanisms, risk factors and recovery"
2260:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
504:, a group of neurodegenerative diseases including
2172:
1972:
3959:
3074:Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
2899:
2253:
2025:"Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system"
2414:. National Center for Biotechnology Information
1455:
1453:
1451:
1259:
961:are more frequently identified in mortalities.
798:
2796:The autonomic nervous system and its effectors
1924:Paliwal VK, Garg RK, Gupta A, Tejan N (2020).
891:type-5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor). To treat
883:autonomic neuropathy, medications may include
593:can have autonomic dysfunction manifesting as
3144:
3002:
1210:
2900:Schiffer RB, Rao SM, Fogel BS (2003-01-01).
1966:
1488:
1448:
669:Ambulatory blood pressure and EKG monitoring
3064:Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy
2359:
2199:
1917:
1580:"Dysautonomia after pediatric brain injury"
1206:
1204:
3433:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
3151:
3137:
3009:
2995:
2497:
2451:"Dysautonomia: perioperative implications"
1584:Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
40:
3774:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
3097:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
2882:
2812:
2739:
2655:
2474:
2336:
2279:
2179:. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.
2000:
1949:
1746:
1697:
1687:
1603:
1520:
1431:
1328:
1318:
1277:
1236:
1007:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
930:postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
907:can be used. Intracutaneous injection of
661:, QSART or thermoregulatory sweat test).
265:postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
2547:
1669:
1351:
1201:
838:
632:
390:
35:Autonomic failure, Autonomic dysfunction
2793:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
1459:
1260:Castori M, Voermans NC (October 2014).
1051:
1049:
1047:
911:type A can also be used in some cases.
3960:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
3132:
2990:
2906:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2836:
1973:Astin R, Banerjee A, Hall CN (2023).
1393:
1391:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1078:
1076:
744:for infectious/ inflammatory diseases
282:
3912:
3673:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
2425:
1804:Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
992:Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency
872:used for digestive symptoms such as
860:is important. Treatment can include
3973:Peripheral nervous system disorders
3922:
2554:Senior Honors Theses & Projects
2500:Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
2070:Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience
1537:
1211:Palma JA, Kaufmann H (March 2018).
1024:
435:autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
241:autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
13:
3809:Medical Scientist Training Program
2760:
2693:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.01.003
2309:Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
1388:
1167:
1126:
1073:
919:transvascular autonomic modulation
14:
3984:
2173:Ackerman K, DiMartini AF (2015).
3941:
3931:
3921:
3911:
3902:
3901:
2816:Principles of Autonomic Medicine
2767:
2360:Parikh S, Gupta A (March 2013).
2200:Carr A, McNulty M (2016-03-31).
2109:Journal of Clinical Rheumatology
1816:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.12.006
1596:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04322.x
1494:
971:
827:) in 1871 by American physician
680:Electrochemical skin conductance
3942:
2724:"Diabetic autonomic neuropathy"
2715:
2672:
2623:
2598:
2592:"Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy"
2584:
2560:
2541:
2518:
2491:
2400:
2366:Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
2353:
2296:
2247:
2220:
2193:
2166:
2143:
2096:
2061:
1873:
1830:
1791:
1777:
1763:
1714:
1663:
1620:
1571:
819:, and among British troops who
754:Evaluation of brain and spinal
3799:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
3233:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
2863:Molecular and Cellular Biology
1345:
1294:
1253:
1101:
847:receptor antagonist cimetidine
732:acute (intermittent) porphyria
623:parasympathetic nervous system
1:
2798:. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
2156:British Journal of Cardiology
2023:
1017:
834:
483:meningitis-retention syndrome
3779:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
3546:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
3158:
2467:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31823db712
2121:10.1097/RHU.0000000000000089
1727:Arthritis & Rheumatology
1513:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a92b52
1266:Iranian Journal of Neurology
935:
799:Vegetative-vascular dystonia
774:MIBG myocardial scintigraphy
628:
608:
431:systemic lupus erythematosus
195:is a condition in which the
49:The autonomic nervous system
7:
1785:"Dysautonomia in Sjögren's"
964:
711:Thermoregulatory sweat test
399:Dysautonomia may be due to
10:
3989:
2378:10.1016/j.spen.2013.01.003
1942:10.1007/s10072-020-04708-8
1641:10.1007/s10286-020-00708-y
756:magnetic resonance imaging
549:sympathetic nervous system
440:Craniocervical instability
178:Symptomatic and supportive
3897:
3819:
3757:
3518:
3446:
3401:
3310:
3181:
3166:
3105:
3082:
3056:
3025:
2925:
2741:10.2337/diacare.26.5.1553
2548:Halstead M (2018-01-01).
2233:. John Wiley & Sons.
1851:10.1007/s10286-018-0542-y
1689:10.3389/fimmu.2021.702505
1474:10.1016/j.pop.2024.02.006
1366:10.1007/s10286-016-0366-6
947:acute respiratory failure
856:is the cause, control of
806:vegetative nervous system
786:dementia with Lewy bodies
619:peripheral nervous system
591:Mitochondrial cytopathies
514:dementia with Lewy bodies
386:
233:dementia with Lewy bodies
174:
164:
154:
146:
65:
53:
48:
39:
31:
26:
3968:Autonomic nervous system
3733:Transplantation medicine
3624:Clinical neurophysiology
3541:Obstetric anesthesiology
3461:Interventional radiology
3221:Digestive system surgery
3019:autonomic nervous system
2272:10.1136/jnnp.2008.144360
2230:Psychiatry, 2 Volume Set
1670:Davies K, Ng WF (2021).
1562:MedlinePlus Encyclopedia
751:for autonomic neuropathy
615:autonomic nervous system
561:irritable bowel syndrome
557:chronic fatigue syndrome
197:autonomic nervous system
3604:Intensive care medicine
3578:Mass gathering medicine
3423:Maternal–fetal medicine
3118:Multiple system atrophy
3092:Orthostatic hypotension
3084:Orthostatic intolerance
1980:Experimental Physiology
1676:Frontiers in Immunology
1186:. NINDS. Archived from
1012:Orthostatic intolerance
926:orthostatic hypotension
768:multiple system atrophy
707:orthostatic intolerance
595:orthostatic intolerance
518:multiple system atrophy
488:Paraneoplastic syndrome
460:Guillain-Barré syndrome
351:Orthostatic hypotension
253:mitochondrial cytopathy
237:Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
229:multiple system atrophy
160:Alcoholism and Diabetes
88:orthostatic hypotension
3196:Cardiothoracic surgery
3048:Pure autonomic failure
2176:Psychosomatic Medicine
1061:emedicine.medscape.com
951:cardiopulmonary arrest
862:proton-pump inhibitors
848:
790:pure autonomic failure
749:nerve conduction study
691:small fiber neuropathy
638:
617:is a component of the
585:Beck Anxiety Inventory
506:pure autonomic failure
497:traumatic brain injury
455:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
450:Eaton-Lambert syndrome
396:
257:pure autonomic failure
3847:Personalized medicine
3706:Reproductive medicine
3631:Occupational medicine
3585:Evolutionary medicine
3069:Familial dysautonomia
3038:Autonomic dysreflexia
2512:10.1300/J092v07n03_02
1930:Neurological Sciences
997:Familial dysautonomia
917:, a procedure called
889:guanine monophosphate
842:
683:Hyperventilation test
653:, and testing of the
636:
565:interstitial cystitis
394:
336:Difficulty swallowing
276:Symptomatic treatment
193:autonomic dysfunction
3867:Traditional medicine
3827:Alternative medicine
3694:Addiction psychiatry
3508:Transfusion medicine
3503:Medical microbiology
3418:Gynecologic oncology
3270:Reproductive surgery
3043:Autonomic neuropathy
2875:10.1128/MCB.00996-09
2813:Goldstein D (2016).
1567:Autonomic neuropathy
1320:10.3390/ijms21041332
987:autonomic neuropathy
870:receptor antagonists
371:Urinary incontinence
341:Exercise intolerance
245:autonomic neuropathy
124:exercise intolerance
112:urinary incontinence
3889:History of medicine
3872:Veterinary medicine
3679:Preventive medicine
3531:Adolescent medicine
3373:Infectious diseases
2681:Gen Hosp Psychiatry
1404:Clinical Cardiology
915:Balloon angioplasty
825:Da Costa's syndrome
782:Parkinson's disease
738:cerebrospinal fluid
702:reflex test (QSART)
581:anxiety sensitivity
510:Parkinson's disease
405:neurologic diseases
225:Parkinson's disease
3837:Molecular oncology
3794:Doctor of Medicine
3784:Master of Medicine
3701:Radiation oncology
3573:Emergency medicine
3526:Addiction medicine
3493:Clinical chemistry
3488:Clinical pathology
3280:Transplant surgery
3238:Orthopedic surgery
3216:Colorectal surgery
2794:Brading A (1999).
2777:has a profile for
2082:10.1111/ncn3.12517
1787:. 26 October 2023.
959:gustatory sweating
849:
817:American Civil War
639:
493:Spinal cord injury
479:Multiple sclerosis
427:Sjögren's syndrome
423:Autoimmune disease
397:
346:Low blood pressure
316:Bowel incontinence
283:Signs and symptoms
104:bowel incontinence
3955:
3954:
3789:Master of Surgery
3753:
3752:
3738:Tropical medicine
3684:Prison healthcare
3599:Hospital medicine
3563:Disaster medicine
3553:Aviation medicine
3368:Hospital medicine
3275:Surgical oncology
3260:Pediatric surgery
3254:
3201:Endocrine surgery
3126:
3125:
3113:Horner's syndrome
2984:
2983:
2913:978-0-7817-2655-9
2848:978-0-521-06754-6
2829:978-0-8247-0408-7
2805:978-0-632-02624-1
2783:
2321:10.5664/jcsm.9024
2240:978-1-118-84547-9
2213:978-1-317-57614-3
2186:978-0-19-932931-1
1936:(11): 3039–3056.
1895:10.1002/nau.20663
1739:10.1002/art.39044
1416:10.1002/clc.20805
1229:10.1002/mds.27344
1088:www.ninds.nih.gov
854:diabetes mellitus
720:Valsalva maneuver
673:Cold pressor test
637:Valsalva maneuver
375:urinary retention
189:autonomic failure
182:
181:
166:Diagnostic method
108:urinary retention
21:Medical condition
3980:
3945:
3944:
3935:
3925:
3924:
3915:
3914:
3905:
3904:
3609:Medical genetics
3594:General practice
3471:Nuclear medicine
3346:Gastroenterology
3302:Vascular surgery
3252:
3179:
3178:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3017:Diseases of the
3011:
3004:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2896:
2886:
2852:
2837:Jänig W (2008).
2833:
2821:
2809:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2754:
2753:
2743:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2659:
2648:10.1002/jgf2.670
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2446:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2004:
1993:10.1113/EP090802
1970:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1883:Neurourol Urodyn
1877:
1871:
1870:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1733:(5): 1345–1352.
1718:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1691:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1575:
1569:
1558:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1457:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1281:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1240:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1180:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1147:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1053:
981:
976:
975:
974:
597:, sleep-related
403:or degenerative
44:
24:
23:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3893:
3882:Chief physician
3815:
3760:
3749:
3743:Travel medicine
3728:Sports medicine
3711:Sexual medicine
3651:Palliative care
3646:Pain management
3590:Family medicine
3568:Diving medicine
3514:
3442:
3404:
3397:
3313:
3306:
3265:Plastic surgery
3211:General surgery
3191:Cardiac surgery
3172:
3170:
3162:
3157:
3127:
3122:
3101:
3078:
3052:
3021:
3015:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2934:
2920:
2914:
2903:Neuropsychiatry
2849:
2830:
2819:
2806:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2761:Further reading
2758:
2757:
2720:
2716:
2677:
2673:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2576:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2546:
2542:
2523:
2519:
2496:
2492:
2447:
2426:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2358:
2354:
2301:
2297:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2171:
2167:
2148:
2144:
2101:
2097:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2018:
1971:
1967:
1922:
1918:
1878:
1874:
1835:
1831:
1796:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1719:
1715:
1668:
1664:
1625:
1621:
1576:
1572:
1559:
1538:
1493:
1489:
1458:
1449:
1410:(10): 626–629.
1396:
1389:
1350:
1346:
1299:
1295:
1258:
1254:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1025:
1020:
979:Medicine portal
977:
972:
970:
967:
938:
924:In contrast to
909:botulinum toxin
901:trihexyphenidyl
899:agents such as
897:anticholinergic
869:
846:
837:
821:colonized India
801:
795:
742:lumbar puncture
730:Evaluation for
724:
715:Tilt table test
651:tilt table test
631:
611:
599:hypoventilation
545:
502:Synucleinopathy
389:
384:
285:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3986:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3929:
3919:
3909:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3820:Related topics
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3769:Medical school
3765:
3763:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3723:Sleep medicine
3720:
3719:
3718:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3536:Anesthesiology
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3466:Neuroradiology
3463:
3452:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3403:Obstetrics and
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3287:
3285:Trauma surgery
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3248:Otolaryngology
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3176:
3174:subspecialties
3164:
3163:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2966:
2951:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:Classification
2919:
2918:
2912:
2897:
2869:(7): 1746–56.
2853:
2847:
2834:
2828:
2810:
2804:
2790:
2782:(Dysautonomia)
2773:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2734:(5): 1553–79.
2714:
2671:
2622:
2597:
2583:
2559:
2540:
2517:
2490:
2455:Anesthesiology
2424:
2399:
2352:
2315:(4): 853–857.
2295:
2246:
2239:
2219:
2212:
2192:
2185:
2165:
2142:
2095:
2076:(4): 365–366.
2060:
2041:
2016:
1965:
1916:
1889:(5): 432–437.
1872:
1845:(3): 289–299.
1839:Clin Auton Res
1829:
1790:
1776:
1762:
1713:
1662:
1635:(6): 581–584.
1629:Clin Auton Res
1619:
1570:
1536:
1507:(23): 2002–8.
1487:
1468:(2): 359–373.
1447:
1387:
1354:Clin Auton Res
1344:
1293:
1272:(4): 190–208.
1252:
1200:
1184:"Dysautonomia"
1166:
1125:
1100:
1072:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1002:Reflex syncope
999:
994:
989:
983:
982:
966:
963:
937:
934:
867:
844:
836:
833:
800:
797:
793:
792:
772:Evaluation of
770:
752:
747:Evaluation of
745:
736:Evaluation of
734:
723:
722:
717:
712:
709:
703:
693:
684:
681:
678:
677:Deep breathing
675:
670:
666:
643:blood pressure
630:
627:
610:
607:
544:
543:
533:
529:involving the
520:
499:
490:
485:
476:
471:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
420:
415:
409:
388:
385:
383:
382:
377:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
307:
297:
284:
281:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
168:
162:
161:
158:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
69:
63:
62:
57:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
29:
28:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3985:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3948:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3920:
3918:
3910:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:Public health
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3832:Allied health
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:Oral medicine
3639:
3637:
3636:Ophthalmology
3634:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3498:Cytopathology
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3438:Urogynecology
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:Endocrinology
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2933:
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3228:Neurosurgery
3033:Dysautonomia
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1188:the original
1158:. Retrieved
1155:Patient info
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1116:. Retrieved
1112:
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1087:
1064:. Retrieved
1060:
949:, or sudden
939:
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705:Testing for
687:Nerve biopsy
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569:pathogenesis
553:fibromyalgia
546:
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326:Constipation
290:
286:
272:organ system
269:
213:sweat glands
192:
188:
185:Dysautonomia
184:
183:
156:Risk factors
92:constipation
27:Dysautonomia
18:
3927:Wikiproject
3716:Venereology
3661:Neonatology
3558:Dermatology
3413:Gynaecology
3405:gynaecology
3388:Pulmonology
3206:Eye surgery
3168:Specialties
2506:(3): 3–16.
2029:Mayo Clinic
1313:(4): 1332.
905:scopolamine
874:acid reflux
813:Crimean War
603:arrhythmias
540:vincristine
418:Amyloidosis
395:Vincristine
380:Sleep apnea
361:Tachycardia
221:neuropathic
128:tachycardia
32:Other names
3962:Categories
3689:Psychiatry
3675:(PM&R)
3668:Phlebology
3656:Pediatrics
3483:Anatomical
3448:Diagnostic
3428:Obstetrics
3378:Nephrology
3363:Hematology
3358:Geriatrics
3351:Hepatology
3336:Cardiology
3326:Immunology
3057:Hereditary
2615:5 December
2577:2016-02-21
2529:(1): 4–7.
2418:2016-02-21
2162:(1): 36–9.
1356:(Review).
1309:(Review).
1219:(Review).
1217:Mov Disord
1194:2012-04-03
1160:2016-02-21
1066:2016-02-21
1018:References
885:sildenafil
835:Management
760:myelopathy
657:response (
647:heart rate
474:Long COVID
425:, such as
413:Alcoholism
309:Blurry or
301:Anhydrosis
209:intestines
72:Anhidrosis
3877:Physician
3761:education
3619:Neurology
3614:Narcology
3478:Pathology
3456:Radiology
3331:Angiology
3295:Andrology
2709:266997580
2386:1558-0776
2329:1550-9397
2090:235628396
1657:220260700
1501:Neurology
1462:Prim Care
1424:1932-8737
1118:2 January
1093:2 January
943:pneumonia
936:Prognosis
879:To treat
697:sudomotor
655:sudomotor
629:Diagnosis
609:Mechanism
401:inherited
331:Dizziness
321:Brain fog
175:Treatment
120:brain fog
116:dizziness
100:dysphagia
60:Neurology
55:Specialty
3907:Category
3383:Oncology
3314:medicine
3312:Internal
3160:Medicine
2893:20123977
2750:12716821
2701:38224642
2666:38240001
2657:10792321
2535:18376477
2485:22143168
2394:23465772
2347:33231166
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2137:23799955
2129:24662556
2011:36412084
2002:10103775
1960:32935156
1911:25617551
1903:19260087
1867:49868730
1859:30019292
1824:24507822
1757:25622919
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1649:32607716
1614:22712762
1531:19506222
1482:38692780
1442:20960537
1382:20256879
1374:27395409
1339:32079137
1288:25632331
1247:29508455
965:See also
778:DaT scan
536:Toxicity
445:Diabetes
293:efferent
249:HIV/AIDS
140:pruritus
136:weakness
96:diarrhea
67:Symptoms
3947:Outline
3917:Commons
3862:Therapy
3759:Medical
3322:Allergy
3290:Urology
3183:Surgery
3026:General
2975:D001342
2884:2838086
2775:Scholia
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2610:fda.gov
2572:Patient
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1951:7491599
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1699:8350514
1605:3393822
1522:2837591
1433:6653231
1330:7073227
1279:4300794
1238:5844369
576:anxiety
547:In the
523:Surgery
356:Syncope
205:bladder
132:vertigo
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764:stroke
563:, and
531:nerves
527:injury
387:Causes
263:, and
261:autism
217:pupils
147:Causes
3519:Other
3106:Other
2964:337.9
2820:(PDF)
2705:S2CID
2133:S2CID
2086:S2CID
1907:S2CID
1863:S2CID
1653:S2CID
1378:S2CID
843:The H
201:heart
191:, or
2970:MeSH
2959:9-CM
2908:ISBN
2889:PMID
2843:ISBN
2824:ISBN
2800:ISBN
2746:PMID
2697:PMID
2662:PMID
2617:2020
2531:PMID
2481:PMID
2390:PMID
2382:ISSN
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2235:ISBN
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2181:ISBN
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2007:PMID
1956:PMID
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1820:PMID
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1704:PMID
1645:PMID
1610:PMID
1527:PMID
1478:PMID
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1420:ISSN
1370:PMID
1335:PMID
1284:PMID
1243:PMID
1120:2018
1095:2018
864:and
815:and
788:and
780:for
776:and
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758:for
700:axon
689:for
645:and
613:The
601:and
516:and
469:AIDS
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3253:ENT
3171:and
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2949:G90
2940:ICD
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542:)
538:(
142:.
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